Angioflux: malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito, ndemanga, kufotokoza, analogies

Chonde, musanagule Angioflux, ampoules 600 UNITS, 2 ml, ma PC 10,. Onani zambiri za nkhaniyi ndi zomwe zili patsamba lawebusayiti la wopanga kapena tchulani mtundu wina ndiomwe amayang'anira kampani yathu!

Zomwe zikuwonetsedwa patsamba lino sizoperekedwa pagulu. Wopangayo ali ndi ufulu wosintha kapangidwe kake, kapangidwe kake ndi katengedwe ka katundu. Zithunzi zamalonda pazithunzi zomwe zaperekedwa pamndandanda wazomwe zili patsamba lino zimasiyana ndi zomwe zidachokera.

Zambiri pamutengo wa zinthu zomwe zawonetsedwa pamndandanda wa masamba tsambalo zingasiyane ndi zenizeni panthawiyo yokhazikitsa dongosolo la zomwe zikugwirizana.

Zotsatira za pharmacological

Wothandizira anticoagulant, heparinoid. Ili ndi antiaggregant, antithrombotic, angioprotective, hypolipidemic ndi fibrinolytic zotsatira. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizopeza kuchokera ku mucous membrane wamatumbo ang'onoang'ono a nyama, omwe ali osakanikirana mwachilengedwe cha kachigawo kakang'ono ngati heparin (80%) ndi dermatan sulfate (20%). Imapumira activation X, imathandizira kaphatikizidwe ndi katulutsidwe ka prostacyclin (prostaglandin PgI2), ndikuchepetsa ndende ya plasma fibrinogen. Amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa minofu ya profibrinolysin activator (plasminogen) m'magazi ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zoletsa zake m'magazi.

Limagwirira angioprotective kanthu limagwirizana ndi kubwezeretsa kapangidwe ndi magwiridwe mtima maselo endothelial maselo, komanso zachilendo mphamvu osagwirizana magetsi pores wa zotumphukira chapansi. Amasinthasintha magwiridwe ena a magazi mwa kuchepetsa TG komanso kuchepetsa magazi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa matenda ashuga nephropathy amatsimikiza ndikuchepa kwa makulidwe apansi oyambira komanso kuchepa kwa matrix chifukwa chakuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa maselo a mesangium.

• Angiopathies omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha thrombosis, kuphatikizapo:
  • Pambuyo myocardial infaration.
• Kusokonezeka kwa kufalikira kwa ziwalo, kuphatikiza nthawi yovuta kwambiri ya ischemic stroke komanso nthawi yoyambiranso.
• Dyscirculatory encephalopathy chifukwa:
  • Atherosulinosis
  • Matenda a shuga.
  • Matenda oopsa.
• Kuchepa kwa mtima.
• Zilonda zapamadzi zotumphukira, kuphatikizapo:
  • Atherosulinotic genesis.
  • Matenda a shuga.
• Phlebopathy, mitsempha yayikulu yotsika.
• Microangiopathies:
  • Nephropathy
  • Retinopathy
  • Neuropathy.
• Macroangiopathies mu shuga:
  • Matenda a matenda ashuga.
  • Encephalopathy
  • Mtima
• Monga gawo la mankhwala osakanikirana ndi acetylsalicylic acid:
  • Mikhalidwe ya thrombotic.
  • Antiphospholipid syndrome.
• Kupitiliza mankhwala ndi chitukuko cha heparin-inachititsa thrombcytopenia.

Contraindication

• Hemorrhagic diathesis ndi matenda ena limodzi ndi kuchepa kwa magazi.
• Hypersensitivity kuti sulodexide kapena zinthu zina zilizonse zomwe zimapanga mankhwala.
• Mimba
• Nthawi yochepetsetsa.
• Zaka za ana (chifukwa cha kusowa kwachipatala).

Momwe mungatenge, njira ya makonzedwe ndi kumwa

Mothandizidwa (bolus kapena kukapanda kuleka) kapena intramuscularly, 2 ml (1 ampoule) patsiku.

Kwa iv drip, mankhwalawa amayamba kulowetsedwa mu 150-200 ml ya 0.9% sodium chloride solution.

Chithandizo tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muthane ndi makolo kupaka mankhwalawa kwa masiku 15 mpaka 20, atatha kutenga makapisozi kwa masiku 30 mpaka 40.

Njira yonse ya mankhwala imachitika 2 pachaka.

Kutalika kwa maphunziridwe ake ndi kumwa kwa mankhwalawa zimatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi zotsatira za kuchipatala.

Mu milandu yomwe amaikidwa?

Mankhwala "Angioflux", malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito omwe ayenera kukhala phukusili, atha kutumizidwa ndi dokotala omwe ali ndi mavuto otsatirawa:

- Mavuto amitsempha yamagazi chifukwa cha matenda a shuga (diabetesic phazi), retinopathy, neuropathy.

- Panthawi ya ischemic stroke.

- Ali pachiwopsezo cha kuchuluka kwa magazi pambuyo poti wadwala matenda a stroko.

- Ndi chitukuko cha thrombosis, phlebopathy.

- Monga zovuta mankhwala a thrombotic zinthu.

Ntchito zoletsa

Njira "Angioflux", malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito omwe amawerengedwa ndi odwala, ndizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatirazi:

- Ngati pali tsankho pamagawo mankhwalawa.

- Pomwe mkazi ali pamalo osangalatsa (1 trimester). Mu trimesters 2 ndi 3, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pokhapokha ngati phindu kwa mayi limaposa chiwopsezo kwa mwana wosabadwayo.

Kupanga. Mitundu iti yomwe imapangidwa?

Mankhwala amapangidwa monga:

Mapiritsi okhala ndi mankhwalawa sapezeka.

Kashiamu imodzi ya mankhwalawa imakhala ndi 250 lipoprotein lipase (LU) ya sodeodexide. Mu 1 ml ya jakisoni yankho, palinso 300 LU ya sulodexide.

Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kudzera mu mtsempha wa magazi m'mitsempha 1 kamodzi patsiku. Ngati mankhwalawa adalowetsedwa m'mitsempha, ndiye kuti ayenera kuyamba kuchepetsedwa mu 200 ml ya sodium chloride solution (0.9%).

Chithandizo chotere chimatenga masiku 20. Zitatha izi, wodwalayo amasamutsidwa kuti amwe makapisozi: chidutswa chimodzi kawiri pa tsiku.

Njira yonse ya chithandizo imachitika kawiri pachaka.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Mankhwala "Angioflux", malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito omwe amapezeka komanso omveka, angayambitse mawonekedwe osafunikira monga:

- Ululu wam'mimba, nseru.

- Kuyenda, kuzungulira thupi.

Zingachitike kuti mutatha kumwa mankhwalawa wodwala alibe vuto lililonse, muyenera kusiya kumwa mapiritsi ndi kufunsa dokotala. Mwinanso, katswiriyo amasintha kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawo kapena kusintha.

Mankhwala "Angioflux": mtengo

Mtengo wa malonda umachokera ku ma ruble 2100-2400 pa kapisozi iliyonse 50 ma PC. Ngati mumagula ma ampoules (ma 10 ma PC.) Mu 2 ml ya intramuscular kapena intravenous management, ndiye kuti mufunika kulipira ma ruble 1400.

Ogonjera

Mankhwala "Angioflux" ali ndi fanizo ndipo awa ndi mankhwala monga "Vesel Dou F" ndi "Sulodexide". Awa ndimankhwala omwe ali ndi gawo lofananira ndipo amathandizidwa pamavuto omwewo. Mtengo wa makapisozi a Sulodexide mu kuchuluka kwa zidutswa 50 zimasiyanasiyana mkati mwa ma ruble 2,000. Kwa ma ampoules omwe ali ndi mankhwalawa (ma PC 10) Adzalipira ma ruble 1400. Njira yotchedwa "Vesel Dou F" ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa mankhwala omwe afotokozedwawo. Chifukwa chake, kwa makapisozi (ma 50 ma PC.) Muyenera kulipira ma ruble 2600. Ndi ma ampoules 10 - pafupifupi ma ruble 1800.

Kufufuza kwamatenda

Ndemanga ya "Angioflux" ili ndi zochepa pa intaneti. Anthu pafupifupi samakambirana za mankhwalawa pamaforamu. Koma, komabe, pali kuyesa kwakutali kwa anthu omwe amawona kuti mankhwalawa adathandizira achibale awo kupweteka kwambiri m'miyendo yawo ndikumverera koyaka kumapazi kwawo. Ndipo mavutowa adayamba chifukwa cha matenda ashuga. Achibale a odwala akuti mankhwalawa "Angioflux", mtengo womwe, mwadzidzidzi, umakhala wokwera, umatha kusintha mitsempha yowonongeka ndikuwongolera magazi.

Madokotala

Popeza anthu samasiya zonena zawo za mankhwalawa, madotolo amalankhula za izi. Madotolo amati iyi ndi mankhwala ofunikira, chifukwa chotheka kuchotsa zotsatira zoyipa za matenda ashuga monga kuphwanya mzere wamtima, kusokonezeka kukumbukira, chisamaliro. Akatswiri amalemba kuti munthu sayenera kumwa mankhwala a Angioflux okha, chifukwa izi zimakhala ndi zotsatirapo zowopsa. Chithandizo cha matenda a ziwalo zopanga magazi ziyenera kuchitika moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala.

Mfundo zofunika

- Mankhwalawa sasokoneza ma psychomotor omwe wodwalayo amachita. Komanso, pogwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, zochita za mankhwalawa sizingasokoneze munthu.

- Ngati wodwala akutenga anticoagulants kapena antiplatelet agents nthawi yomweyo ndi mankhwalawa, ndiye kuti ayenera kuwunika nthawi zonse magazi.

Mankhwala "Sulodexide"

Ichi ndi cholowa m'malo mwa mankhwala a Angioflux, omwe amapangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a makapisozi ndi ma ampoules a jakisoni.

Mankhwalawa ndi Tingafinye yemwe amatulutsidwa kuchokera ku mucosa la m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono a nkhumba. Ndiye kuti, ndi mankhwala achilengedwe, mulibe zowonjezera zamankhwala mmenemo.

Mankhwalawa amatchulidwa ngati:

- Angiopathy yokhala ndi chiopsezo cha micro- ndi macroangiopathy, thrombosis yodwala matenda a shuga.

- Kuphwanya kayendedwe ka magazi muubongo.

- Monga wothandizira pakachitika matenda a ischemic.

Ndiye kuti, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamavuto omwewo ngati mnzake wodziwika nawo.

Makapisozi amayenera kutengedwa maola awiri mutatha kudya. Ngati jakisoni apangidwa, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kupangira 600 LU patsiku pafupifupi masiku 1520. Pambuyo pake, adokotala asankha: kusamutsa wodwalayo ku mawonekedwe omwe adatsekerako kapena kusiya kulandira chithandizo. Makapisozi amamwa 250 LE 2 kawiri pa tsiku. Kutalika kwa chithandizo ndi Sulodexide nthawi zambiri mwezi umodzi. Komanso, adotolo atha kukulemberani maphunziro achiwiri m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Njira "Zosangalatsa Douai F"

M'malo mwa mankhwala a Angioflux mumapezekanso mawonekedwe a makapisozi ndi yankho, pomwe omwewo sulodexide amachita ngati chinthu chogwira ntchito.

Mlingo wa mankhwalawa ndiwofanana ndi omwe amatanthauza yankho lomwe lafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi.

Mankhwalawa ali ndi angioprotective, profibrinolytic, anticoagulant ndi antithrombotic.

Opaleshoni ndi endocrinologists akutsimikizira kuti chida ichi ndichothandiza kwambiri pochiza macroangiopathies ndi thrombosis. Madokotala amazindikiranso kuti mankhwalawa atsimikizira kuti ndi abwino kwambiri pochiza mavuto a mtima mwa anthu. Komabe, odwala sakukhulupirira za mankhwalawa. Kupatula apo, zimawononga ndalama zoposa zoyanjana nazo. Chifukwa chake, odwala ambiri safuna kuchita mopitilira muyeso ndikukonda m'malo otsika mtengo.

Kuchokera munkhaniyi, owerenga adziphunzirira zofunikira zokhudzana ndi mankhwala a Angioflux: malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito, zikuwonetsa, analogi, mtengo. Chida ichi chikhoza kupulumutsa moyo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zovuta za matenda ashuga. Madokotala amalangizira mankhwalawa kwa odwala awo pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana a mtima.

Mankhwala

Mankhwala a Anticoagulant, ali ndi antithrombotic, fibrinolytic ndi angioprotective zotsatira. Sulodexide Ndi Tingafinye wa mucosa wamatumbo ang'onoang'ono a nyama, momwe kamapezeka ngati heparindermatan sulfate. Imapondereza zinthu Xa ndi Paamachepetsa ndende fibrinogen m'magazi. Kuchulukitsa ndende plasminogen. Angioprotective zotsatira zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kubwezeretsa umphumphu wa maselo a endothelial.

Mankhwala, kuchepetsa ndende triglycerides ndi kuchepetsa magazi mamasukidwe amadzimadzi, amakhalanso amtundu wa rheological. Mlingo waukulu, mankhwala oletsa kupindika amawonekera ngati mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kudzera mu mtsempha wa magazi.

Pharmacokinetics

Ikaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha, imagawidwa mwachangu ku ziwalo ndi ziwalo. Pafupifupi 90% ya chinthu chogwira chimagwidwa mu endothelium. Cmax ndi intravenous makonzedwe zimatheka pambuyo 5-15 mphindi. Kusiyana kwa heparin amapezeka kuti chinthu chomwe sichikuwululidwa kuwonongedwa, chifukwa chake, ntchito zake za antithrombotic sizikuchepa ndipo sizichotsedwa mthupi mwachangu. Amapukusidwa mu chiwindi, chotsekedwa ndi impso - pafupifupi 50% masana.

Zizindikiro zogwiritsidwa ntchito

• chiwopsezo chowonjezereka thrombosis,
• ischemia miyendo yotsika
• michereopathies (retinopathy, nephropathy),
• matenda ashuga macroangiopathy.

Angioflux, malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito (Njira ndi Mlingo)

Kutalika kwa chithandizo ndi mlingo zimatengera zotsatira za mayeso. Chithandizo chimayamba ndi mu mnofu kapena mafupa amtsempha wa 600, masabata awiri. Kenako imwani makapisozi a Angioflux 250 U 2 pa tsiku, kawiri pa tsiku, kwa masiku 30 mpaka 40. Mankhwalawa amabwerezedwa kawiri pachaka. Pa chithandizo, magawo a kuphatikizika kwa magazi amayang'aniridwa.

Zolemba za Angioflux

Zoyenera kusankha Angioflux kapena Wessel? Mankhwalawa ali ndi chinthu chimodzi chogwira, mtundu womwewo wa kumasulidwa, mlingo. Wopanga izi ndiye CSC (Italy). Mankhwalawa amasinthana kwathunthu. Nthawi yomweyo, Angioflux ndiyotsika mtengo pang'ono: mtengo wama 50 makapisozi Wessel Douai F 2508-2650 rub., Ndipo Angioflux 2230-2328 rub.

Ndemanga za Angioflux

Nthawi zambiri, pali ndemanga ndi zokambirana za kumwa mankhwalawa panthawi yapakati. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira zathupi la mkazi nthawi imeneyi ndikuwonjezereka kwa magazi. Mitundu yayikulu estrogen kwezani thrombosischifukwa chake kusanthula kosalekeza kwa msinkhu ndikofunikira d-dimerngati chikhomo fibrinogeneis. Pankhani ya mayeso abwino fibrinogeneis pomwepo mankhwala antithrombotic.

Makamaka onani mkhalidwe machitidwe ndipo khalani ndi chidwi ndi izi IVFpopeza d-dimer atachotsa mluza, zimatha kuchuluka kwambiri komanso zimakhudzanso kupatsidwa kwa pakati ndi pakati. Malinga ndi odwala, ndikofunikira kuti muphunzire zamomwe Heestasis ili pamakonzedwe IVF, ndipo ngati chizindikirochi ndichipamwamba kuposa chizolowezi chokonzekera, ndiye kuti aliyense adayikidwa Angioflux.

• «... Dokotala wanga adalemba mapiritsi a Angioflux pamwezi pokonzekera IVF».
• «... Ndimamwa makapisozi awiri patsiku, wololedwa pamaso pa eco».
• «... Ndinali ndi protocol yopambana ku Angioflux, ndidatenga pamaso pa IVF ndi pambuyo pake».
• «... Ndikuganiza kuti mankhwalawa ndi othandiza. Kuwona mu protocol ataperekedwa kwa d-dimer».
• «... Tidazindikira kusintha kwa Leiden, ndipo katswiri wa ma hematologist adalemba Angioflux, izi ndizowonjezera ma heparins!».
• «... Ndili ndi kusintha kwa Leiden - chifukwa chake mavuto onse okhala ndi pakati, pathupi komanso osabereka. Adanenanso mankhwalawa».
• «... Ndinkamwa mimba yonse, woyamba kapisozi awiri patsiku adayikidwa, ndipo ma heparins atawonjezeredwa, 1 kapisozi. Panalibe mbali».
• «... Ndidamwa kale protocol kwa mwezi umodzi, jakisoni amaperekedwa mu protocol mpaka milungu 25».
• «... Ndili ndi magazi am'mimba nditabereka. Miyezi iwiri yolakwika fraksiparin, tsopano ndimamwa Angioflux».

Kutulutsa mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe kake

• makapisozi: gelatine yofewa, chowulungika, chofiyira-thonje, zomwe zili - kuyimitsidwa kwa utoto woyera kapena wa imvi, utoto wa pinki kapena wa pinki ndi kotheka (zidutswa 10 kapena 25 m'matumba, pakatoni, pamakatoni a 5 kapena 2) ),
• yankho la mtsempha wamitsempha ndi makonzedwe: Kuonekera, kuchokera ku chikaso chaching'ono mpaka chikasu (2 ml mumagalasi amdima amdima, ma ampoules 5 m'matumba, mumapaketi a makatoni 2 mapaketi).

Zomwe zimagwira ndi sulodexide:

• Kapisozi 1 - 250 lipoprotein lipase (LU),
• 1 wokwanira ndi yankho - 600 LE.

Zowonjezera za kapisolo:

• zotuluka: colloidal silicon dioxide, sodium lauryl sulfate, glyceryl caprylocaprate (Migliol 812),
• kapangidwe kazikola: gelatin, sodium propyl parahydroxybenzoate, sodium ethyl parahydroxybenzoate, glycerol, iron oxide red oxide (E 172).

Zothandiza pa yankho: madzi a jakisoni ndi sodium chloride.

Mlingo ndi makonzedwe

Mwanjira yothetsera vutoli, Angioflux imayendetsedwa kudzera m'mitsempha kapena magazi (kukoka), 2 ml (zomwe zili ndi 1 ampoule) patsiku. Mothandizidwa ndi mtsempha wa magazi, mankhwalawa amayamba, omwe kale anali kuchepetsedwa mu 150-200 ml ya 0,9% sodium kolorayidi.

Chithandizo chimachitika kwa masiku 15-20, kenako wodwalayo amamuika pakamwa mankhwala.

Ngati makapisozi, Angioflux ayenera kumwedwa pakamwa pakudya - 1 pc. 2 pa tsiku kwa masiku 30 mpaka 40.

Njira yonse ya chithandizo imalimbikitsidwa 2 pachaka.

Mlingo wa mankhwalawa komanso nthawi yayitali ya mankhwalawa imatha kusintha dokotala malinga ndi zotsatira zakuwunika kwa wodwala.

Angioflux: mitengo pamafakitale apakompyuta

Angioflux 600 LU / 2 ml yankho la mtsempha wamkati ndi makonzedwe a 2 ml 10 ma PC.

Angioflux r / v ndi / m 600l / ml 2ml n10

ANGIOFLUX 600LE 2ml 10 ma PC. yankho la jakisoni Mitim S. kukula L. Farmakor Production

ANGIOFLUX 250LE 50 ma PC. makapisozi Mitim S. kukula L. Pharmacor Production

Angioflux 250 LE makapisozi 50 ma PC.

Zovala za Angioflux. 250le n50

Angioflux 250 le 50 zisoti

Zambiri zokhudzana ndi mankhwalawa ndizofanana, zimaperekedwa pazidziwitso ndipo sizilowa m'malo mwa malangizo ovomerezeka. Kudzipatsa nokha mankhwala kuopsa!

Asayansi aku America adayesera mbewa ndipo adati madzi amadzi amalepheretsa kukula kwa atherosulinosis yamitsempha yamagazi. Gulu limodzi la mbewa limamwa madzi am'madzi, ndipo lachiwiri ndi madzi a mavwende. Zotsatira zake, zombo za gulu lachiwiri zinali zopanda ma cholesterol.

Magawo anayi a chokoleti chakuda ali ndi zopatsa mphamvu pafupifupi mazana awiri. Chifukwa chake ngati simukufuna kukhala bwino, ndibwino kuti musadye zopitilira awiri patsiku.

Pa moyo, munthu wamba amapanga miyala yocheperako yoposa awiri.

Mankhwala akutsokomola "Terpincode" ndi amodzi mwa atsogoleri ogulitsa, ayi chifukwa cha mankhwala ake.

Okonda akapsopsona, aliyense wa iwo amataya 6.4 kcal pamphindi, koma nthawi yomweyo amasinthana mitundu pafupifupi 300 ya mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana.

Caries ndimatenda ofala kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi omwe ngakhale chimfine sangathe kupikisana nawo.

Malinga ndi asayansi ambiri, mavitamini zovuta ndizothandiza kwa anthu.

Kulemera kwaubongo wamunthu kuli pafupifupi 2% ya kulemera konse kwathupi, koma kumadya pafupifupi 20% ya mpweya womwe umalowa m'magazi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ubongo wamunthu ukhale wovuta kwambiri kuwonongeka chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mpweya.

Nthawi yayitali yotsala ndiyotsika ndi yoyipa.

Pochezera pafupipafupi pakama pofufuta, mwayi wokhala ndi khansa yapakhungu umawonjezeka ndi 60%.

Mafupa aanthu ndi olimba kwambiri kuposa konkriti.

Vibrator woyamba adapangidwa m'zaka za zana la 19. Adagwira ntchito pa injini yankhonya ndipo adapangira kuti azitsatira khungu la akazi.

Mabakiteriya mamiliyoni ambiri amabadwa, amoyo ndi kufa m'matumbo athu. Amatha kuwoneka pa kukula kwakukulu, koma ngati atakhala palimodzi, akhoza kukhala mu kapu ya khofi yokhazikika.

Chiwindi chanu chikasiya kugwira ntchito, imfa imatha pakatha tsiku limodzi.

Mwazi wa munthu "umayenda" m'matumbo omwe akukakamizidwa kwambiri, ndipo ngati umphumphu wake waphwanyidwa, amatha kuwombera mpaka 10 metres.

Aliyense angathe kukumana ndi vuto lomwe limataya dzino. Izi zitha kukhala njira yomwe madokotala a mano amagwiritsa, kapena zotsatira za kuvulala. M'modzi ndi.

Kutulutsa mawonekedwe, ma CD ndi mapangidwe Angioflux

Njira yothetsera kuphatikizira kwamitsempha yamaubongo imamveka bwino, kuchokera ku chikaso chowoneka chikaso.

Othandizira: sodium chloride, madzi d / i.

2 ml - magalasi amdima amdima (5) - ma CD a ma CD (2) - ma CD.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Munthawi yamankhwala, kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatirazi zosatheka ndizotheka:

• makapisozi: nseru, epigastric ululu, kusanza, zotupa pakhungu,
• yankho: hematoma, mphamvu yoyaka, kupweteka pamalo a jekeseni, zimagwirira pakhungu.

Chizindikiro cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo akutuluka magazi, munthawi imeneyi, ndikofunikira kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndikuchita mankhwala osokoneza bongo.