Insulin degludec (Insulin degludec)

The pharmacological mphamvu ya insulin degludec amadziwikanso chimodzimodzi ndi mphamvu ya munthu insulin kudzera mwachindunji chomangiriza ndi mogwirizana ndi zolandilira anthu amkati insulin.

Mphamvu ya hypoglycemic ya insulin degludec imachitika chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa glucose pogwiritsa ntchito minofu pambuyo pomangiriza minofu ndi ma cell cell receptors komanso kuchepa kwa munthawi yomweyo ngati chiwindi cha chiwindi chimapangidwa ndi chiwindi.

Munthawi ya kuwunika kwa maola 24 a hypoglycemic zotsatira za insulin degludec mwa odwala omwe amalandira mlingo wa 1 patsiku, zotsatira zoyipa zimawonedwa nthawi yoyamba komanso yachiwiri ya maola 12.

Kutalika kwa nthawi ya insulin degludec ndi maola opitilira 42 mkati mwa njira ya mankhwalawa.

Ubwenzi wapakati pa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa insludec insulin ndi zotsatira zake zazikulu za hypoglycemic kwatsimikiziridwa.

Panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu kachipatala mu pharmacodynamics ya insulin degludec pakati pa odwala okalamba ndi achinyamata achinyamata odwala.

Palibe kupangika kwofunikira kwambiri kwa ma antibodies kwa insulin komwe kumapezeka pambuyo pothandizidwa ndi insludec insulin kwa nthawi yayitali.

Mafuta Kuchititsidwa kwanthawi yayitali kwa insulin degludec kumachitika chifukwa cha kupangidwa kwake molekyu. Pambuyo pa jekeseni wa subcutaneous, mahesi angapo osungunuka amasungunuka amapangidwa kuti apange depot ya insulin mu minofu ya subcutaneous adipose. Multihexamers pang'onopang'ono amadzisiyanitsa, ndikumasokoneza maukodinol a insludec, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mankhwalawo atulutsidwe pang'onopang'ono ndi magazi, ndikupereka chithunzi chachitali komanso chokhazikika cha hypoglycemic.

C_SS mu madzi am`magazi zimatheka patatha masiku 2-3 pambuyo makonzedwe a insulin degludec.

Kugawa. Kulumikizana kwa insulin degludec ndi mapuloteni a plasma (albumin) ndi> 99%. Ndi sc makonzedwe, okwana plasma woipa ndi wofanana mlingo kutumikiridwa mu osiyanasiyana achire Mlingo.

Kupenda. Kuwonongeka kwa insulin degludec ndikufanana ndi insulin yamunthu, ma metabolites onse omwe amapangidwa satha ntchito.

Kuswana. T_1/2 pambuyo pa jekeseni wa insulin, degludec imatsimikiza ndi mayamwidwe ake kuchokera kuzinthu zowerengeka, pafupifupi maola 25, ndipo osadalira mlingo.

Magulu apadera a odwala

Palibe kusiyana komwe kunapezeka mu pharmacokinetic katundu wa insludec insulin malinga ndi jenda la odwala.

Okalamba okalamba, odwala mafuko osiyanasiyana, odwala omwe ali ndi vuto laimpso kapena kwa chiwindi. Palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pamankhwala komwe kunapezeka mu pharmacokinetics ya degludec insulin pakati pa odwala okalamba ndi achinyamata, pakati pa odwala amitundu yosiyanasiyana, pakati pa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto laimpso ndi kwa chiwindi, komanso odwala athanzi.

Ana ndi achinyamata. The pharmacokinetic katundu wa insulin degludec mu kuphunzira mu ana (6 - 11 wazaka) ndi achinyamata (12-18 wazaka) ndi mtundu 1 matenda a shuga ndi ofanana ndi okalamba odwala. Poyerekeza ndi kukhazikitsidwa kamodzi kwa mankhwalawa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1, zimawonetsedwa kuti kuwonetsa kwa mankhwalawa kwa ana ndi achinyamata ndi kwapamwamba kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kwa odwala akuluakulu.

Zambiri kuchokera ku maphunziro oyang'anira chitetezo. Zambiri zam'mbuyo zokhudzana ndi maphunziro a chitetezo chamatsenga, kuwopsa kwa Mlingo wobwereza, kuchuluka kwazowopsa, zotsatira zakupweteka kwa kubereka, sizinawonetse vuto lililonse la insludec insulin kwa anthu. Chiŵerengero cha metabolic ndi mitogenic zochita za insludec insulin kwa insulin yaumunthu ndizofanana.

Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin degludec

Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimanenedwa panthawi ya mankhwala a insludec insulin ndi hypoglycemia, ndipo matupi awo amakhudzidwa, kuphatikizapo mtundu wapa, kuphatikizapo wodwala owopsa.

Zotsatira zonse zoyipa zomwe zaperekedwa pansipa, kutengera data kuchokera ku mayeso azachipatala, zimagawidwa malinga ndi MedDRA ndi zida zamagulu. Zotsatira zoyipa zimayesedwa ngati zofala kwambiri (> 1/10), nthawi zambiri (> 1/100 mpaka 1/1000 mpaka 1/10000, kuphatikizapo kutupa kwa lilime kapena milomo, kutsekula m'mimba, mseru, kutopa, ndi kuyabwa) urticaria.

Kuchokera kumbali ya kagayidwe ndi zakudya: Nthawi zambiri - hypoglycemia (hypoglycemia imatha kukula ngati gawo la insulini limakhala lokwera kwambiri kuposa momwe wodwalayo amafunikira insulin. Kukhazikika kwa hypoglycemia kungayambitse kuchepa kwa chikumbumtima komanso / kapena kukomoka, kusokonezeka kwakanthawi kapena kosasintha kwa ntchito yaubongo mpaka imfa. Mwadzidzidzi, akuphatikiza thukuta lozizira, kukhuthala kwa khungu, kutopa kwambiri, manjenje kapena kunjenjemera, nkhawa, kutopa kwachilendo kapena kufooka, kusokonezeka, kuchepa ndende mikhalidwe, kugona, kugona kwambiri, kusawona bwino, kupweteka mutu, nseru, palpitations.

Pa khungu ndi subcutaneous minofu: pafupipafupi - lipodystrophy (kuphatikiza lipohypertrophy, lipoatrophy imatha kukhazikika pamalo opangira jekeseni. Kutsata ndi malamulo osintha malo a jekeseni mkati mwa malo omwewo a anatomical kumathandizira kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha izi.

Zovuta ndi zovuta zina pamalo opangira jakisoni: Nthawi zambiri - zimachitikira jakisoni malo (hematoma, ululu, hemorrhage, erythema, zotumphukira minofu, zotupa, kusintha kwa khungu, kuyabwa, kuyabwa ndi kumangitsa malo jekeseni), infrequently - zotumphukira edema. Zambiri zomwe zimachitika jekeseni malo ndizochepa komanso zakanthawi ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatha pomapitilira chithandizo.

Panthawi ya mayesero azachipatala, palibe kusiyana komwe kunapezeka mu pafupipafupi, mtundu, kapena kuopsa kwa mayendedwe okalamba ndi odwala omwe ali ndi vuto laimpso kapena kwa chiwindi poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa odwala.

Kuchita

Kufunika kwa insulin kumatha kuchepetsedwa ndi mankhwala amkamwa a hypoglycemic, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, Mao inhibitors, osasankha beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, salicylates, anabolic steroids ndi sulfonamides.

Kufunika kwa insulin kumatha kuwonjezera njira yolerera ya pakamwa ya mahomoni, thiazide diuretics, corticosteroids, mahomoni a chithokomiro, sympathomimetics, somatropin ndi danazole.

Beta-blockers amatha kufinya zizindikiro za hypoglycemia.

Octreotide ndi lanreotide zimatha kuwonjezeka ndikuchepetsa kufunikira kwa insulin.

Ethanol (mowa) amatha kuwonjezera ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya hypoglycemic.

Kusagwirizana. Mankhwala ena akawonjezeredwa ndi yankho la insulin degludec imatha kuwononga. Degludec insulin solution sangathe kuwonjezeredwa njira kulowetsedwa. Musasakanize insulini wa insulin ndi mankhwala ena.

Bongo

Mlingo wapadera womwe umayambitsa kuchuluka kwa insulini sunakhazikitsidwe, koma hypoglycemia imatha kukula pang'onopang'ono ngati mlingo wa mankhwalawo ndiwokwera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zomwe wodwala amafunikira (onani "Precautions").

Wodwala amatha kuthetseratu hypoglycemia yekha pakumeza shuga kapena zinthu zina zokhala ndi shuga. Chifukwa chake, odwala matenda a shuga amalangizidwa kuti azinyamula zakudya zokhala ndi shuga nthawi zonse.

Panthawi ya hypoglycemia yoopsa, wodwalayo akapanda kudziwa, ayenera kupatsidwa glucagon (kuyambira 0,5 mpaka 1 mg) i / m kapena s / c (akhoza kuyendetsedwa ndi munthu wophunzitsidwa bwino), kapena i / o dextrose (glucose) yothetsera akatswiri azachipatala okha). M'pofunikanso kuyang'anira dextrose iv ngati wodwalayo asadzayambenso chikumbumtima cha mphindi 10-15 atatha kugwiritsa ntchito shuga. Pambuyo pozindikira, wodwalayo amalangizidwa kuti azidya zakudya zopatsa thanzi kuti alepheretse kubwereranso kwa hypoglycemia.

Chenjezo la insulin degludec

Hypoglycemia. Ngati mungadye chakudya kapena musakonzekere zolimbitsa thupi, wodwala amatha kuyamba kudwala matenda ena. Hypoglycemia imatha kukhazikikanso ngati mlingo wa insulin ndiwokwera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zosowa za wodwala (onani "Zotsatira zoyipa" ndi "Overdose").

Atalipiritsa matenda a carbohydrate metabolism (mwachitsanzo, ndi insulin Therapy), odwala amatha kukumana ndi zisonyezo zam'mbuyomu za hypoglycemia, zomwe odwala ayenera kudziwitsidwa. Zizindikiro zachilendo zimatha kutha ndi matenda a shuga. Matenda okhala ndi vuto limodzi, makamaka opatsirana komanso kutentha thupi, nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa kufunika kwa insulin. Kusintha kwa magazi kungafunikenso ngati wodwala ali ndi vuto la impso, chiwindi, kapena adrenal gland, pituitary, kapena chithokomiro.

Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi insulin ina kukonzekera, kuchira kwa hypoglycemia pogwiritsa ntchito insulin degludec kungachedwe.

Hyperglycemia. Mlingo wosakwanira kapena kutha kwa mankhwalawa kungayambitse kukula kwa hyperglycemia kapena matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis. Kuphatikiza apo, matenda ophatikizika, makamaka opatsirana, amatha kuthandizira kukulitsa mikhalidwe ya hyperglycemic ndipo, motero, kukulitsa kufunika kwa insulini.

Monga lamulo, zizindikiro zoyambirira za hyperglycemia zimawonekera pang'onopang'ono, kwa maola angapo kapena masiku. Zizindikiro zake zimaphatikizaponso ludzu, kukodza mwachangu, kusanza, kusanza, kugona komanso kuyanika pakhungu, pakamwa pouma, kusowa chilimbikitso, kununkhira kwa acetone mumlengalenga wotuluka. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga 1 mellitus, popanda chithandizo choyenera, hyperglycemia imatsogolera pakupanga matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis ndipo amatha kupha.

Zochizira kwambiri za hyperglycemia, insulin yolimbikira imalimbikitsidwa.

Kusamutsa wodwala kuchokera kukonzekera kwina kwa insulin. Kusamutsa wodwala kupita ku mtundu wina kapena kukonzekera kwa insulin yatsopano kapena wopanga wina kuyenera kuchitika moyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala. Mukamasulira, kusintha kwa mankhwala kungafunikire.

Kugwiritsa ntchito munthawi yomweyo mankhwala a gulu la thiazolidinedione komanso kukonzekera insulin. Milandu yokhudzana ndi kukhazikika kwa kulephera kwa mtima inanenedwa pakuchiza kwa odwala omwe ali ndi thiazolidinediones kuphatikiza ndi kukonzekera kwa insulin, makamaka ngati odwala oterewa ali ndi chiopsezo chotukuka mtima. Izi zimayenera kukumbukiridwa popereka mankhwala osakanikirana ndi thiazolidatediones ndi Refludec insulin kwa odwala. Mukamapereka mankhwala othandizira, muyenera kuyesa mayeso a madokotala kuti muwone ngati ali ndi vuto la mtima, kuonjezera thupi komanso kukhalapo kwa edema. Ngati zizindikiro za kulephera kwa mtima zikuchulukirachulukira kwa odwala, chithandizo ndi thiazolidatediones ziyenera kusiyidwa.

Kuphwanya gawo la masomphenyawo. Kulimbitsa kwa insulin mankhwala ndikusintha kolimba kwa mphamvu ya kagayidwe kazakudya kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwakanthawi mu matenda a shuga, pomwe kusintha kwakanthawi kwakanthawi ka glycemic kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha kupitirira kwa matenda ashuga retinopathy.

Ndikofunikira kudziwitsa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lakhungu kapena anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lowonera kuti nthawi zonse amafunikira thandizo la anthu omwe alibe mavuto ammaso ndipo amaphunzitsidwa kugwira ntchito ndi jakisoni.

Kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika. Wodwalayo ayenera kulangizidwa kuti alembedwe zilembo zilizonse pamaso pa jekeseni iliyonse kuti apewe kulowetsa mwangozi mankhwala ena kapena insulin ina.

Ma antibodies kupita ku insulin. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito insulin, mapangidwe a antibody ndiwotheka. Nthawi zina, mapangidwe a antibody angafunikire kusintha kwa insulin kuti mupewe milandu ya hyperglycemia kapena hypoglycemia.

Kukopa pa luso loyendetsa magalimoto ndi zida. Kutha kwa odwala kuti aziganizira komanso kuthamanga kwa momwe amathandizira kumatha kusokonezeka panthawi ya hypoglycemia, zomwe zimatha kukhala zowopsa nthawi zomwe luso limafunikira makamaka (mwachitsanzo, poyendetsa magalimoto kapena maginito).

Odwala ayenera kulangizidwa kuti achitepo kanthu popewa kukula kwa hypoglycemia mukamayendetsa. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa odwala omwe alibe kapena kuchepa kwa zizindikiro zakutsogolo kwa hypoglycemia kapena magawo a hypoglycemia. Muzochitika izi, kuyenera koyendetsa galimoto kuyenera kuganiziridwanso.

Mawonekedwe am'deralo ndi hypersensitivity, tsankho

Mawonetsedwe am'deralo pamalo opangira jakisoni. Izi zimaphatikizapo kupweteka, redness, kutupa, kuyabwa, urticaria, ndi njira zotupa.

Zambiri mwa zizindikirozi zimakhala zofatsa ndipo zimakonda kuwoneka masiku angapo kapena masabata atayamba kulandira chithandizo. Nthawi zina, pangafunike kusintha insulin ndi mankhwala okhala ndi zoteteza zina kapena okhazikika.

Hypersensitivity yomweyo - matupi awo sagwirizana amakula nthawi zambiri. Amatha kupangika pa insulin palokha komanso pazinthu zina zothandizira, ndikuwonetsa monga mawonekedwe a khungu:

bronchospasm,
angioedema
dontho mu kuthamanga kwa magazi, mantha.

Ndiye kuti, onsewa amatha kukhala pachiwopsezo pamoyo wa wodwalayo. Ndi mitundu yonse ya ziwengo, ndikofunika kusintha mankhwalawo posachedwa kukhala ndi insulin, komanso ndikofunikira kuchita anti-allergen.

Kulekerera kwa insulin chifukwa cha kugwa kwachilendo kwa nthawi yayitali glycemia. Ngati zoterezi zikuchitika, ndiye kuti muyenera kukhalabe ndi glucose pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri kwa masiku pafupifupi 10, kuti thupi lizitha kuzolowerana ndi mtengo wabwino.

Zowonongeka ndi mawonekedwe a sodium

Zotsatira zoyipa kuchokera kumbali yakuwonekera. Kusintha kwamphamvu m'magazi a shuga m'magazi chifukwa chalamulo kumatha kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwakanthawi, monga minofu turgor ndi kusintha kwa mandala kuyerekeza ndi kuchepa kwa kukana kwamaso.

Kuchita kotereku kuonedwa kumayambiriro kwa kugwiritsa ntchito insulin. Izi sizikusowa chithandizo, mumangofunika:

chepetsani vuto la maso
gwiritsani ntchito kompyuta yocheperako
werengani zochepa
penyani TV yochepera.

UluluAnthu ayenera kudziwa kuti izi sizowopsa komanso kuti masabata angapo masomphenya adzabwezeretsedwa.

Kupangidwe kwa ma antibodies kumayambiriro kwa insulin. Nthawi zina ndi izi, ndikofunikira kuchita kusintha kwa mlingo kuti muchepetse mwayi wokhala ndi hyper- kapena hypoglycemia.

Nthawi zina, insulin imachedwa sodium excretion, zomwe zimapangitsa kutupa. Izi ndizowona makamaka ngati milandu ya insulin ikulimbitsa kwambiri. Insulin edema imachitika koyambirira kwa njira yochizira, siyowopsa ndipo nthawi zambiri imatha masiku atatu mpaka 4, ngakhale nthawi zina imatha mpaka milungu iwiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe mungabayire insulin.

Lipodystrophy ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Lipodystrophy. Itha kuwonetsa ngati lipoatrophy (kutayika kwa minofu ya subcutaneous) ndi lipohypertrophy (kuchuluka kwa minofu).

Ngati jakisoni wa insulin alowa m'zigawo za lipodystrophy, ndiye kuti mayamwidwe a insulin angachedwetse, zomwe zingayambitse kusintha kwa pharmacokinetics.

Kuti muchepetse mawonetseredwe a izi kapena kuletsa kuwoneka kwa lipodystrophy, tikulimbikitsidwa kusinthana malo a jekeseni mkati mwa malire amalo amodzi a thupi omwe amapangidwira kukhazikitsa insulin mosadukiza.

Mankhwala ena amachepetsa mphamvu yochepetsera shuga ya insulin. Mankhwalawa akuphatikizapo:

glucocorticosteroids,
okodzetsa
danazol
diazoxide
isoniazid
glucagon,
estrogens ndi gestagen,
kukula kwamafuta,
phenothiazine zotumphukira,
mahomoni a chithokomiro,
sympathomimetics (salbutamol, adrenaline).

Mowa ndi clonidine ungayambitse kuwonjezeka ndi kufooka kwa hypoglycemic chifukwa cha insulin. Pentamidine imatha kubweretsa hypoglycemia, yomwe imasinthidwa ndi hyperglycemia, monga chinthu chotsatira.

Zotsatira zina zoyipa ndi zotsatira zake

Somoji syndrome ndi posthypoglycemic hyperglycemia yomwe imachitika chifukwa cha kuponderezedwa kwa zotsatira za ma contra-mahormoni (glucagon, cortisol, STH, catecholamines) chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa glucose m'maselo aubongo. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti mu 30% ya odwala matenda a shuga opatsirana amakhala ndi vuto losatsimikizika la hypoglycemia, izi sizovuta ndi vuto la hypoglycemic coma, koma sayenera kunyalanyazidwa.

Mahomoni omwe ali pamwambawa amalimbikitsa glycogenolysis, vuto linanso. Pomwe kuthandizira kufunikira kwa insulin m'mwazi. Koma mahomoni awa, monga lamulo, amasungidwa mokulira kwambiri kuposa momwe amafunikira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mayankho a glycemia alinso ochulukirapo kuposa mtengo. Vutoli limatha kukhala maola angapo mpaka masiku angapo ndipo limatchulidwa kwambiri m'mawa.

Mtengo wokwanira wa hyperglycemia wam'mawa nthawi zonse umadzutsa funso: kuchuluka kapena kusowa kwa insulin yayitali kwa nthawi yayitali? Yankho lolondola lidzatsimikizira kuti metabolism ya carbohydrate idzalandilidwa bwino, popeza muzochitika zina, mankhwalawa a insulin amachepetsa, ndipo kwina ayenera kuwonjezeka kapena kugawidwa mosiyanasiyana.

"Morning Dawn Phenomenon" ndi mkhalidwe wa hyperglycemia m'mawa (kuyambira maola 4 mpaka 9) chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa glycogenolysis, komwe glycogen m'chiwindi imasweka chifukwa chobisalira kwambiri ma mahomoni a contrainsulin popanda kudziwika kwa hypoglycemia.

Zotsatira zake, kukana insulini kumachitika komanso kufunikira kwa insulin kumawonjezereka, zitha kudziwika pano kuti:

Zosowa zoyambira zili pamtunda womwewo kuyambira 10 koloko mpaka pakati pausiku.
Kuchepetsa kwake ndi 50% kumachitika kuyambira 12 koloko mpaka 4 a.m.
Kuwonjezeka kwa mtengo womwewo kuyambira 4 mpaka 9 m'mawa.

Ndizovuta kwambiri kutsimikiza khansa ya glycemia usiku, chifukwa ngakhale amakono, omwe amakhala akukonzekera insulin, sangathe kutengera kusintha kwakuthupi kotereku.

Munthawi ya physiologic yomwe imayambitsa kuchepa kwa insulin usiku, vuto lomwe limachitika chifukwa cha kugona kwa usiku ndi kuyambitsidwa kwa mankhwala osafunikira asanagone chifukwa chowonjezeka pantchito ya insulin yayitali. Kukonzekera kwanthawi yayitali (kopanda pake), mwachitsanzo, glargine, kungathandize kuthetsa vutoli.

Mpaka pano, palibe etiotropic chithandizo cha mtundu 1 shuga mellitus, ngakhale kuyesera kukulitsa izi kukupitirirabe.

Mawonekedwe a insulin

Mankhwala a insulini alibe vuto lililonse. Inde, mankhwalawo amabwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a wodwala, zotsatira zabwino zimawonedwa kuchokera pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. Komabe, insulin imatha kuyambitsa mavuto.

achina,
lipodystrophy,
Zotsatira zamawonedwe ndi kagayidwe,
thupi lawo siligwirizana
anachedwa kuchotsa masodium thupi.

Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala zimaphatikizapo kupanga ma antibodies ndi thupi la wodwalayo pamankhwala omwe amalandiridwa.

Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwalawa zimadziwunikira pakulimbana ndi mankhwala ena, ndi jakisoni wolakwika. Kuti mupewe kukhazikika kwa zovuta, ndikofunikira kugwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala atsopano ndi dokotala, komanso mlingo.

Hypoglycemia

Mkhalidwe umadziwika ndi shuga wochepetsetsa kwambiri.Zitha kukhala zowopsa kwa wodwala ndikusintha kukhala imfa.

Hypoglycemia imayamba pazifukwa izi:

zakudya zamatumbo ambiri
mowa
Njala ndi matenda operewera,
chapamimba
zolimbitsa thupi kapena zochita, makamaka zolimba komanso zosakonzekera,
Matenda ena, kuphatikizapo matenda a Addison, insulinoma, kapena chiwindi, impso, mavuto amtima,
mankhwala ena ndi quinine,
Matenda a adrenal gland ndi pituitary gland amathanso kupititsa ku hypoglycemia.

Hypoglycemia imakula mwa akulu ndi ana. Mwanayo amalira usiku, amazunzidwa ndimaloto. Samakwiya, amatopa nthawi zonse, amadya kwambiri.

Mwana akazindikira chizungulire, kupweteka mutu, kusintha kwadzidzidzi mwadzidzidzi kapena kudandaula, makolo ayenera kufunsa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za hypoglycemia:

njala
hyperhidrosis
khungu la milomo,
kuzizira
chizungulire
kutopa
tachycardia
kusakhazikika
kukopa kwa pakhungu.

Hypoglycemia kwenikweni ndi usiku zotsatira zoyipa. Kuchita kwa insulin kotereku kumayambitsa kupweteka kwa mutu komanso migraines.

Ngati simukuchitapo kanthu, mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo umakulirakulira. Pali kufooka, kupenya kwamaso, chisokonezo, kuyankhula kotsika komanso kusalankhula.

Zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri za insulin ndiko kulephera kudziwa chikumbumtima. Odwala ambiri sazindikira zizindikiro kapena samangodziwa za iwo.

Izi zakupha. Dokotala ayenera kufotokozera wodwalayo zomwe zikumuyembekezera komanso mavuto omwe akukumana nawo.

Lipodystrophy

Izi mbali pambuyo insulin jakisoni akuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwa adipose minofu. Insulin lipodystrophy - atrophy kapena hypertrophy ya subcutaneous base.

Zotsatira zoyipa zimayamba ndikusinthidwa pafupipafupi kwa mankhwala kumalo amodzi. Ndiye chifukwa chake madokotala amalimbikitsa mwamphamvu kuti jakisoni iliyonse ichitike kumalo ena.

Kukula kwa vuto kumachitika chifukwa cha vuto la neurodystrophic m'dera la jakisoni. Amaphatikizidwa ndi jakisoni wosayenera kapena katundu wa mankhwala.

Mankhwalawa amayenera kupakidwa pang'onopang'ono madigiri 45, kuyendetsa ndi singano yonse pakhungu. Ngati singano ndiyifupi, jekeseni padera.

Matenda a subcutaneous adipose minofu ikhoza kukhala yapafupi kapena yathunthu. Pankhaniyi, misa yamisempha siyisintha. Kuphonya kumawonedwa pokhapokha mu minofu ya adipose ya wodwalayo.

Lipodystrophy imawonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

Khungu limayamba kuonda
tsamba la jekeseni wambiri
malire a madera omwe akhudzidwa akufotokozedwa momveka bwino, ndizosatheka kusinthitsa zosintha,
ngati muvulala mwangozi malo omwe atha, zilonda zam'mimba,
Kuperewera kwa zilonda zam'mimba kumabweretsa.

China chowonjezera pakukula kwa lipodystrophy ndi kagayidwe kachakudya, kuchepa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana kapena mavairasi, komanso kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi.

Zotsatira pa Vision ndi Metabolism

Zotsatira zoyipa pambuyo pothana ndi insulin kumbali ya ntchito zowoneka ndizosowa. Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin zimachitika sabata limodzi pambuyo pake. Monga lamulo, mbali yotsatirayi sikufuna chithandizo.

Chifukwa chiyani masomphenya samawoneka bwino? Kusintha kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhudza kuchepa kwa minofu yamkati. Izi ndichifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga. Magalasiwa amakhala ndi chinyezi, zomwe zimakhudzanso kutulutsa kwamwala.

Masomphenya osakhala bwino sakhala chikhalire. Masomphenyawa abwereranso pambuyo masiku 7, masiku 10. Munthawi imeneyi, thupi limagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, zikhalidwe zonse zosasangalatsa za mawonekedwe owoneka zimatha.

Thupi lawo siligwirizana

Kubwera kwa mankhwala oyeretsa kwambiri, chiopsezo cha ziwopsezo zatsika kwambiri. Koma odwala ena amakhalabe ndi vuto lotsatira.

Thupi lawo siligwirizana insulin akuwonekera m'mitundu itatu:

Pafupi ndi matuza ndi totupa.Zizindikiro zoyambirira zimawonekera theka la ola jakisoni. Choyamba, kutupika kumawonekera, kodziwika ndi redness, kuyabwa. Kenako matuza amapezeka. Palibe chithandizo chofunikira, pambuyo maola atatu ziwengo zimatha.
Zamachitidwe Ndi mtundu uwu wa urticaria umawonekera, limodzi ndi angioedema ndi anaphylactic mantha.
Tuberculin. Momwe thupi lawo siligwirizana limayamba maola 12 mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. Kutupa kozungulira jakisoni kumakhala ndi malire, khungu limapweteka komanso kuyabwa. Subcutaneous adipose minofu imakhudzidwa ndi kutupa.

Kuti mudziwe zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ziwopsezo zoyipa, ndikofunikira kuyeza milingo ya ma antibodies a IgE ndi IgG kuti insulin. Dokotala amatenga kuyesa kwa khungu. Atazindikira chomwe chimayambitsa matendawo, mankhwalawa amayikidwa ndikusinthidwa ku insulin ya wopanga wina.

Kuchepetsa mu kuwongolera kwa sodium ndi thupi

Zotsatira zoyipa izi ndizotheka kuchitika. Vutoli limasungidwa ndi sodium ndi insulin, motero zimapangitsa kuti madzi asungidwe. Zotsatira zake, samatulutsidwa ndi thupi, ndipo edema imayamba.

Zomwe zimachepetsedwa zowonjezera za sodium zimatha kukhala chakudya chamafuta ochepa, komanso kuphwanya kuvomerezeka kwa makoma a capillaries.

Insulin edema imayamba kumayambiriro kwa mankhwala. Kudutsa masiku 3-4. Nthawi zina, amakhala mpaka milungu iwiri.

Insulin edema imachotsedwa ndi diuretics. Mankhwala amangoperekedwa kuti muchepetse kuopsa kwa zizindikiro. Ma diuretics sangawachepetse kwathunthu.

Contraindication pa ntchito insulin

Kuchita jakisoni pakakhala ma contraindication sikungadzetse zotsatira zoyipa zokha, komanso kuwonongeka kwakukhalidwe labwino. Ngati muli ndi mafunso, muyenera kufunsa dokotala yekha.

Zotsatira za jakisoni wa insulin:

Matenda a shuga (vuto lomwe limayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin),
insulinoma (chosaopsa, chosavulaza, chotupa kuchokera ku maselo a beta masamba a pancreatic),
achina,
Hypersensitivity to yogwira kapena yothandizira zinthu,
chizolowere
pachimake viral hepatitis (kuwonongeka kwa minyewa ya chiwindi, yodziwika ndi njira yofulumira),
hemolytic jaundice (kuchuluka kwa bilirubin chifukwa cha erythrocyte hemolysis, kaonedwe kameneka mwa akhanda),
zolakwika zamtima,
zilonda zam'mimba,
mayendedwe osiyanitsa,
urolithic matenda,
amyloidosis a impso.

Mukanyalanyaza contraindication, wodwalayo akuipiraipira, matendawa ayamba kupita patsogolo. Mwachitsanzo, ndi hypersensitivity mankhwala ena, thupi lawo siligwirizana limatha kugwedezeka. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwa hepatitis ya mavairasi, chiwindi chimagwira ntchito kwambiri, zizindikilo zatsopano zidzawoneka.

Zoyipirana sizikusonyeza pachabe. Ndizofunikira kuteteza thanzi la wodwala.

Chifukwa insulin imalowetsedwa pakhomo, mverani thupi lanu. Zotsatira zoyipa zilizonse zikachitika, yankhani yomweyo, siyani kumwa mankhwalawo, ndikufunsani dokotala.

Mutha kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha mavuto. Ndikofunikira kutsatira mlingo, musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala omwe adatha ndikuwongolera mlingo musanayambe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Kulimbitsa Thupi

Insulin Ndi mahomoni oyendera omwe amapanga ma cell a endocrine pancreas. Ntchito ya peptide iyi ndikuchepetsa shuga m'magazi, ndiye kuti, kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga thupi, ndipo sizodabwitsa. Peptide iyi imapereka mphamvu ya anabolic. Kuphatikiza apo, insulin ndi mankhwala anti-catabolic, chifukwa imayambitsa enzyme ya glycolysis ndikulimbikitsa kupangika kwa glycogen mthupi la glucose awo, kupititsa patsogolo mapuloteni komanso mafuta.Ndikofunikanso kuti insulini ikhale ndi mwayi woletsa ntchito za michere yomwe imaphwanya mafuta ndi ma glycogens. Zomwe zili pamwambapa za peptide iyi zimafotokoza bwino chifukwa chake ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Mukuyenera kudziwa kuti ma hormone a inshuwaransi (insulin) ndi amphamvu komanso owopsa kwambiri, chifukwa chake ndizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito akatswiri othamanga. Cholinga chachikulu cha izi ndi kuvulaza kwambiri thupi komwe insulin ingayambitse chifukwa chosagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika komanso pamankhwala. Pakalembapo milandu yokhudza kufa.

Ubwino waukulu ndi mwayi wa insulini kuposa ma peptides ena ndikuti ndi mahomoni oyendera. Udindo wa insulin ndikuyendetsa michere ku ma cell a thupi, omwe ndi ma carbohydrate, mapuloteni, ma amino acid ndi mafuta.

Mafuta omwe amayendetsedwa ndi insulin amatipatsa mphamvu zowonjezera, mapuloteni ndi ma amino acid - kuchuluka kwamisempha, mafuta - motero, kukhathamiritsa kwa thupi ndi mafuta ofunikira. Insulin imathandizira kuchepa kwa minofu komanso mafuta. Pofuna kudziunjikira mafuta ochepa momwe mungathere m'thupi, malamulo awiri ayenera kusungidwa:

Mphamvu yamphamvu. Onjezani mapuloteni ambiri muzakudya zanu komanso zakudya zochepa zamafuta. Zakudya zamafuta othamanga nthawi zambiri zimatha.
Dziwani thupi lanu. Ngati mumakonda kugwiritsa ntchito adipose minofu, ndiye kuti insulini imatha kupweteka. Insulin imagwira bwino ntchito pama ectomorphs ndi mesomorphs.

Insulin imatha kunyamula michere yonse, ndikugwira ntchito pazinthu zingapo. Timadzi timatha kugwira ntchito zambiri pakumanga minofu, ndipo mwina kulinga kukusonkhanitsa minofu ya adipose. Mulimonsemo, kupeza minofu yotsika yogwiritsa ntchito insulin popanda kupeza mafuta zimakhala zopanda tanthauzo.

Ngati ndinu ocheperako mwachilengedwe komanso okhala ndi mafupa owonda, ndiye kuti mahoni onyamula adzakhala opindulitsa kwambiri kuposa nthawi, mwachilengedwe, ngati mutsatira malamulo omwe amalandila. Ma ectomorphs ali ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa insulini. Ngati ndinu a endomorph ndipo mumakonda kuchuluka kwambiri kwamafuta, ndiye kuti mwakulitsa kukana insulin, ndipo makamaka imanyamula mafuta. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mayendedwe mahomoni ku endomorphs sikulimbikitsidwa.

Zotsatira za anabolic

Monga mukudziwa, insulin imathandizira kuyamwa ma amino acid ambiri momwe angathere m'maselo a minofu. Valine ndi leucine amamwa kwambiri, ndi amino acid odziimira. Horm imapangitsanso DNA, mayendedwe a magnesium, potaziyamu phosphate ndi mapuloteni a biosynthesis. Mothandizidwa ndi insulin, kaphatikizidwe wamafuta acids, omwe amalowetsedwa mu minofu ya adipose ndi chiwindi, amalimbikitsidwa. Ndikusowa kwa insulini m'magazi, kukhathamiritsa kwamafuta kumachitika.

Kugwiritsa ntchito insulin pomanga thupi

Pomanga thupi, insulini imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha, kapena ultrashort.

Insulin yofupikitsa imagwira ntchito motere: pambuyo poti subcutaneous makonzedwe (jekeseni) amayamba kuchita theka la ola. Insulin iyenera kuperekedwa kwa theka la ola musanadye. Kuchuluka kwa insulini kumafika pakatha mphindi 120 pambuyo pa kupangika, ndikusiyiratu ntchito yake yoyendera thupi pambuyo maola 6.

Mankhwala abwino kwambiri omwe amayesedwa ndi nthawi ndi Actrapid NM ndi Humulin Regul.

Insulin yokhala ndi yochepa-pang'ono imagwira ntchito molingana ndi mfundo iyi: itatha kuilowetsa m'magazi, imayamba kugwira ntchito yake pambuyo pa mphindi 10, ndipo kutha kwakukulu kumachitika pambuyo pa mphindi 120. Insulin ya Ultrafast imayima pambuyo pa maola 3-4. Pambuyo pokhazikitsidwa ndi insulin, ndikofunikira kutenga chakudya nthawi yomweyo, kapena mutatha kunyamula, kulowa mu mahomoni a mayendedwe.

Mankhwala abwino kwambiri a ultrashort insulin ndi awiri, awa ndi a Penfill kapena FlexPen.

Mtengo wa maphunziro a insulin wa masiku makumi asanu ndi limodzi udzakhala pafupifupi ma ruble 3,000 a ku Russia. Chifukwa chake, othamanga omwe amalandira ndalama zochepa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito insulin.

Tiyeni tikambirane za zabwino ndi zoyipa zama hormone onyamula.

Ubwino:

Maphunzirowa ali ndi masiku 60, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti nthawi yochepa.
Ubwino wa mankhwalawa uli wonse pamlingo wapamwamba. Mwayi wogula zabodza ndi 1% poyerekeza ndi anabolic steroids.
Insulin ikupezeka. Itha kugulidwa pa mankhwala aliwonse popanda mankhwala a dokotala.
Hormayo imakhala ndi mitengo yambiri ya anabolic.
Kuopsa kwa zotsatirapo ndizochepa, bola ngati maphunzirowa atapangidwa moyenera.
Kumapeto kwa maphunzirowa, chithandizo chamankhwala chosinthira sizofunikira, chifukwa insulin siyimabweretsa zotsatirapo.
Kubwezeretsa kumapeto kwa maphunzirowa ndikocheperako.
Simungagwiritse ntchito nokha, koma ndi ma peptides ena ndi ma anabolic steroids.
Palibe mphamvu ya androgenic pa thupi la munthu.
Insulin sikuvulaza chiwindi ndi impso, komanso sizikhala ndi poizoni. Sizimayambitsa mavuto a potency pambuyo pa maphunzirowa.

Zoyipa:

Glucose wotsika m'thupi (pansi pa 3.3 mmol / L).
Adipose minofu mkati maphunziro.
Mitundu yovuta ya mankhwalawa.

Monga mukuwonera, insulini imakhala ndi Ubwino wopindulitsa katatu kuposa zovuta. Izi zikutanthauza kuti insulini ndi imodzi mwamankhwala abwino kwambiri a pharmacological.

Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin

Choyipa choyamba komanso chofunikira kwambiri ndi hypoglycemia, ndiko kuti, shuga wamagazi ochepa. Hypoglycemia imadziwika motere: miyendo imayamba kugwedezeka, kusiya kuzindikira, ndikumvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika kuzungulira, ndiyotinso thukuta. Mlingo wochepetsedwa wa glucose umaphatikizidwanso ndi kuchepa kwa mgwirizano ndi malingaliro, kumverera kwamphamvu kwa njala. Kusweka mtima kumayamba kuchuluka. Zonsezi pamwambapa ndi zizindikiro za hypoglycemia.

Ndikofunika kwambiri kudziwa izi: ngati mungazindikire zodziwika za kuperewera kwa shuga, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kuti mubwezeretsenso thupi ndi zotsekemera kuti mubweretse kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi.

Zotsatira zoyotsatira, koma zosafunikira kwenikweni, ndikuluma ndi kuwawa pamalo a jekeseni.

Thupi la aller ndi losowa, koma ndilofunika kwambiri.

Ngati mumamwa insulin nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti kutulutsa kwanu insulin komweko kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. N`zothekanso chifukwa cha bongo wa insulin.

Tsopano tikudziwa kuti insulini ndi iti ndipo ndi iti yomwe ili yoyenera kwa ife. Ntchito yotsatira ndikupenda molondola njira ya insulin masiku 30-60. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti musapite kwa miyezi yopitilira iwiri kuti thupi likhale ndi chinsinsi chake. Ngati mutsatira malangizowo molondola, ndiye kuti mukapeza insulini imodzi mutha kufikira ma kilogalamu 10 a minofu yopendekera.

Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti nthawi yomweyo muyambe ndi milingo yaying'ono mpaka ma unit awiri modumphira, ndikuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono kwa magawo 20. Izi ndizofunikira kuti poyambirira onani momwe thupi limatengera insulini. Ndikukhumudwitsidwa kwambiri kugulitsa mayunitsi opitilira 20 patsiku.

Musanagwiritse ntchito mahomoni oyendera, muyenera kuyang'anira zinthu ziwiri:

Yambani ndi mlingo wocheperako ndikuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono mpaka mufika 20. Sizoletsedwa kusintha mwadzidzidzi kuchoka pa 2x kupita ku 6, kapena 10 mpaka 20! Kusunthira lakuthwa kumatha kubweretsa zotsatira zoyipa mthupi lanu.
Osapitirira magawo makumi awiri. Ndani amene sangatipangitse kutenga pafupifupi mayunitsi 50 - osawamvera, chifukwa thupi lililonse limatenga insulini mosiyanasiyana (kwa wina, magawo 20 angaoneke ochulukirapo).

Kukula kwa kudya kwa insulin kungakhale kosiyana (tsiku lililonse, kapena tsiku lililonse, kamodzi patsiku, kapena kupitilira apo). Ngati mumayendayenda tsiku lililonse komanso kangapo, ndiye kuti maphunzirowa atha kuchepetsedwa. Ngati mungayende tsiku lina lililonse, ndiye kuti masiku 60 ndiokwanira.

Kubaya insulini kumalimbikitsidwa pokhapokha ngati mutaphunzitsidwa mphamvu, kenako ndikudya chakudya chama protein ndi zakudya zazitali zamatumbo. Ndikofunikira kumangoyamwa mutangomaliza maphunziro, popeza mahomoni onyamula, monga tafotokozera kale, ali ndi mphamvu yotsutsa-catabolic. Imabweza m'mbuyo ntchito ya catabolism, yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito insulin pambuyo poti mugwiritse ntchito bwino kumakhala ndiubwino wina: mukabweretsa thupi pafupifupi hypoglycemia, yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi kuyambitsa kwa insulin, izi zimakhudzanso kuchepa kwachilengedwe kwa glucose m'magazi. Pambuyo pakuphunzitsidwa, mahomoni okula amatulutsidwa mwamphamvu. Nthawi zina masana, kubaya insulini sikulimbikitsidwa. Ngati mumaphunzitsanso katatu pa sabata, ndikupumula masiku 4, ndiye kuti mutha kubaya jakisoni m'mawa musanadye chakudya cham'mawa masiku omwe kulibe ntchito. Pankhaniyi, ndikulimbikitsidwa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito insulin (Actapid) yochepa ndikudya theka la ola mutatha kubayidwa. Pamasiku ophunzitsira, pokhapokha mutaphunzitsidwa.

Mapeto ake amadzitsimikizira nokha: ngati mutaba jakisoni yotulutsa tsiku lililonse, ndiye kuti maphunzirowo sayenera kupitirira masiku 30. Ngati tili ndi boma lodekha kapena lachuma, ndiye kuti timatenga masiku 60. Patsiku lophunzitsidwa pambuyo pake, timagwiritsa ntchito insulin (Novorapid) yayikulu kwambiri, komanso masiku opumula - asanadye chakudya cham'mawa, a insulin (Actrapid) apambuyo pake.

Ngati mankhwala "achidule" agwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti timamwa jakisoni theka la ola musanadye chakudya chachikulu.

Ngati tigwiritsa ntchito "ultrashort", ndiye kuti timapanga jakisoni mukangomaliza kudya.

Kuti jakisoni ichitike popanda kuyabwa ndi ziwengo, ndipo khungu silikuuma malo a jakisoni, muyenera kuwapanga m'malo osiyanasiyana a thupi.

Kuti muwerenge kuchuluka kwa insulin yofunika, ndikofunikira kukumbukira gawo lililonse la insulin - 10 magalamu a chakudya.

Zolakwika zazikulu potenga mahomoni oyendetsa

Choyipa choyamba - Mlingo waukulu komanso nthawi yolakwika yogwiritsira ntchito. Yambani ndi yaying'ono Mlingo ndipo muwone thupi likuchita.

Chachiwiri cholakwika - jekeseni wolakwika. Ndikofunikira kumanamiza mosadziwa.

Cholakwika chachitatu - Kugwiritsa ntchito insulin musanaphunzire komanso pogona, zomwe ndizoletsedwa.

Cholakwika chachinayi - Chakudya chochepa mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito insulin. Ndikofunikira kudya chakudya cham'mimba ndi mapuloteni momwe ndingathere, chifukwa mahomoni amtunduwu amafalitsa mwachangu ma enzymes ofunikira kwa minofu. Ngati simudzaza thupi ndi chakudya chochuluka, ndiye kuti pali chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia.

Kulakwitsa kwachisanu - kugwiritsa ntchito insulin pakuyanika. Chowonadi ndi chakuti zakudya zomwe mumadya zimakhala zochepa m'makoko, kapena ayi. Ndiponso, zimayambitsa kutsika kwakukuru m'magazi a magazi, ndipo ziyenera kubwezeretsedwanso ndi china chake. Ndipo lokoma, monga tikudziwa, ndi gwero la chakudya champhamvu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe sichofunikira m'chigawo chowumitsa thupi.

Mndandanda ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito jekeseni.

Mulingo woyenera wazakudya zomwe muyenera kudya zimatengera mwachindunji muyezo wa mahoni oyendetsa. Zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga m'magazi a anthu, malinga ndi athanzi - 3-5 mmol / l. Gawo limodzi la insulini limatsitsa shuga ndi 2.2 mmol / L. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati mutaba jekeseni wa insulin kangapo nthawi, mutha kupeza mosavuta hypoglycemia. Ngati simumadzaza shuga m'magazi munthawi yake, mutha kupeza zotsatira zoyipa. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudya zakudya zamafuta ambiri pambuyo pa jekeseni.

Insulin ndi mahomoni omwe amapezeka ku dipatimenti ya endocrinology. Pali lingaliro la "mkate mkate", wachidule wa XE. Gulu limodzi la mkate limakhala ndi magalamu 15 a chakudya. Kungoti mkate umodzi umodzi umakweza shuga ndi 2.8 mmol / l. Ngati inu, mosazindikira, kapena pazifukwa zina, mwalowa mayunitsi 10, ndiye kuti muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito 5-7 XE, yomwe malinga ndi chakudya - 60-75. Onani mfundo yoti zakudya zopatsa thanzi zimawonedwa ngati zoyera.

Momwe mungabayitsire insulin

Musanalowe jakisoni wa insulin, muyenera kukhala ndi chilichonse chotsekemera (shuga, uchi, chokoleti, ndi zina). Izi zikutsimikizirani chitetezo chanu ngati mungagwiritse ntchito hypoglycemia.

Muyenera kubaya ma hormone ndi syringe yapadera, yomwe imatchedwa syringe ya insulini.

Syringe yotereyi imachepera kwambiri kuposa yokhazikika, ndipo pamakhala kachigawo kakang'ono ka kiyubiki.Syringe yonse ya insulin ikhoza kugwira cube chimodzi, i.e. 1 ml. Pa syringe, magawikawa agawika zidutswa 40. Ndikofunikira kuti musasokoneze syringe yokhazikika ndi syringe ya insulin, apo ayi pamakhala zotsatira zakupha kuchokera ku mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri. Muyenera kuchita jakisoni pa ngodya ya madigiri 45.

Musanagwiritse ntchito, sonkhanitsani kuchuluka kwa insulini, tengani ndi dzanja lanu lamanzere ndikupanga khola pakhungu, makamaka pamimba, kenako pang'onopang'ono, kulowa pansi kwa singano, kenako insulini. Gwirani masekondi angapo, ndikuchotsa singano pakhungu. Osamabailidwa malo amodzi nthawi zonse.

Musawope kuti kachilomboka kazalowa mujekeseni. Singano ya insulini yocheperako ndiyochepa kwambiri, kotero kuti matenda sawopseza. Ngati mumayenera kubaya jakisoni wokhazikika, ndiye kuti muyenera kusamba m'manja ndikusambitsa malo omwe jakisoniyo amapangidwira ndi mowa.

Kuti tipeze zotsatira zabwino kwambiri kuchokera ku insulin, tifunika kuganizira malamulo atatu:

Kugwirizana ndi zakudya zamafuta.
Phunzitsani bwino.
Pumulani bwino.

Kodi ndizotheka kuphatikiza insulin ndi anabolic steroids?

Mutha kuphatikiza insulin ndi mankhwala ena a pharmacological, monga momwe zilili zomveka. Kuphatikizidwa kwa milandu 99% kumapereka mphamvu kwambiri kuposa insulin solo. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito insulin ndi mankhwala ena kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto kwa mapangidwe a mahoni anyama. Ndikofunika kupitiliza kuthamanga pambuyo pa insulin kwa masiku 14-21, kotero kuti kubwezeretsanso ndikung'ono momwe kungathekere.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mankhwala aliwonse a pharmacological, kuphatikiza insulin, angotengedwe ndi akatswiri othamanga omwe amakhala mwamphamvu zopanga thupi ndikulipeza. Ngati cholinga chanu ndikungoyang'ana bwino, ndiye kuiwalani za "chemistry", chifukwa izi sizoyenera mwanjira iliyonse.

Ngati munthu ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti akufunika mlingo wa insulin.

Musaike moyo wanu pachiswe kuti mudzapeze zotsatira zomwe mukufuna posachedwa. Ngati mwatsimikiza kuti mukufuna kuchita nawo masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikukhala othamanga, ndiye kuti pitani kumalo anu achilengedwe, pomwe simulinso ndi vuto lanyama lanyama. Pazonse, ndikofunikira kuti mukwaniritse "denga" lanu lachilengedwe, kenako ndikuyamba kupanga "mankhwala".

Kumbukirani kuti musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala aliwonse a pharmacological, muyenera kupimidwa kwathunthu. Sikoyenera kuchita mayeso aliwonse ngati muli ndi insulin. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito insulin ndi chinthu china, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyesa mayeso ofunika musanayambe maphunzirowa, panthawi ndi pambuyo pake. Komanso, musaiwale zamankhwala am'mbuyomu.

Mapeto ake, muyenera kukumbukira malamulo angapo ogwiritsira ntchito insulin, kuti isakhale yovulaza:

Dziwani thupi lanu, onetsetsani kuti lili mwadongosolo komanso mwakonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito insulin.
Yenderani phunzirolo molondola komanso ndiudindo wonse.
Onani bwino zakudya ndi mndandanda wophunzitsira kuti muchepetse thupi lanu lonse.

Ngati mwasankha mwanzeru zomwe mukufuna kutulutsa, ndikofunikira kuti muyambe kutsata insulini kuti muphunzire momwe thupi lanu limayambira, chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kuzimvetsetsa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ngati pali zovuta zina mthupi. Ndikofunika kuti musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala opangira mankhwala, chifukwa sizikudziwika kuti zingakhudze bwanji thupi lanu.

Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin: bwanji?

Nthawi zina odwala omwe amapezeka ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amakumana ndi mfundo yoti zovuta zingapo za insulin zimawonetsedwa. Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin zimatha kuwonetsedwa ndi kusintha kwa thupi lawo, njira zotupa ndi kusintha kwina.

Zotsatira za jakisoni zimatengera umunthu wa munthu, kulondola kwa mlingo wosankhidwa ndi njira yoyendetsera mankhwalawo.

Kuchuluka kwa anthu kumalekerera mankhwalawa.

Kodi katundu wa insulin wamkulu ndi uti?

Mu thupi la munthu, insulin ya mahomoni imapangidwa ndi kapamba ndipo amachepetsa kuchepetsa shuga la magazi. Ntchito yayikulu yahomoniyi ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndikusunga amino acid, mafuta acid ndi glucose pama cellular.

Kwa zaka zambiri, kupanga insulini kwakhala kukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda osokoneza bongo, ndipo adagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamasewera othamanga komanso omanga thupi (monga anabolic).

Zotsatira zazikulu za insulin ndizotsatira zotsatirazi:

amathandizira kuchotsa michere m'chiwindi, minofu ya adipose ndi minofu yotuluka m'magazi,
imayendetsa kagayidwe kachakudya kotero kuti thupi limatulutsa mphamvu yayikulu yamafuta, kusunga mapuloteni ndi mafuta.

Kuphatikiza apo, insulin imagwira ntchito zotsatirazi:

ali ndi kuthekera kosunga ndi kuphatikiza shuga mumitsempha ndi minyewa ya adipose,
imalola kukonza kwa shuga m'maselo a chiwindi mu glycogen,
amathandizira kuwonjezera mafuta kagayidwe kachakudya,
Ndi cholepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni,
kumawonjezera kagayidwe kachakudya njira mu minofu minofu.

Insulin ndi chimodzi mwama mahomoni omwe amathandizira kukula ndikukula kwabwino kwa mwana, chifukwa chake ana amafunikira kupangidwa kwa mahomoni kofunikira ndi kapamba.

Mlingo wa insulin mwachindunji umadalira chakudya chamunthuyo komanso moyo wokangalika. Chifukwa chake, zakudya zambiri zotchuka zimapangidwa motengera mfundo iyi.

Mu matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, palibe insulin yopanga thupi, yomwe imapangitsa wodwalayo kumva kuti amafunikira jakisoni wa timadzi timeneti.

Mitundu ndi mitundu yamankhwala amakono

ShugaManWomanSanizani shuga yanu kapena sankhani jenda kuti mupeze malingaliroLevel0.58 Kuyang'ana osapezekaPezani za msinkhu wa manAge SearchingNot omweYambitsani zaka za mkaziAge SearchingNot

Masiku ano, pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zopezera insulin:

mankhwala opangira mankhwala omwe amapezeka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje amakono,

mankhwala omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha kupangika kwa mahomoni a kapamba a nyama (osagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mankhwala amakono, ndi zinthu zakale).

Kenako, mankhwala opangira akhoza kukhala:

Insulin yocheperako komanso yocheperako, yomwe imagwira kale ntchito mphindi makumi awiri pambuyo pa kupangika, imaphatikizapo actrapid, cholembera wa humulin komanso insuman-yachilendo. Mankhwalawa amasungunuka ndipo amalamulidwa mosavuta. Nthawi zina pamakhala jakisoni wamkati kapena wamkati. Ntchito yapamwamba kwambiri ya mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa imayamba maola awiri kapena atatu pambuyo pa jekeseni. Insulin yotere imagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga lamulo, kuwongolera ma spikes a m'magazi ngati kuphwanya zakudya kapena kugwedezeka kwamphamvu mumtima.
Malangizo a nthawi yayitali. Mankhwalawa amakhudza thupi kuyambira maola khumi ndi asanu mpaka tsiku. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kwa odwala matenda a shuga ndikokwanira kupanga jakisoni awiri kapena atatu patsiku. Monga lamulo, zinc kapena protamine imaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwalawa, omwe amapereka gawo loyenerera la mayamwidwe m'magazi ndikusungunuka pang'onopang'ono.
Mankhwala okhalitsa. Chikhalidwe chawo chachikulu ndikuti zotsatira pambuyo pa jakisoni zimatha nthawi yayitali - kuchokera maola makumi awiri ndi atatu kudza zisanu ndi chimodzi. Kuchita kwa insulin kumayamba kuwonekera ola limodzi kapena awiri kuchokera nthawi yomwe jakisoni. Nthawi zambiri, madokotala amapereka mankhwala amtunduwu kwa odwala omwe ali ndi chidwi chochepa kwambiri cha mahomoni, anthu achikulire ndi iwo omwe amayenera kupita kuchipatala cha jakisoni nthawi zonse.

Dokotala wokhayo amene angapereke mankhwala kwa wodwala, motero nkovuta kudziwa kuti insulin ndiyabwino bwanji. Kutengera ndi zovuta za matendawa, kufunikira kwa mahomoni ndi zinthu zina zingapo, mankhwala oyenera kwa wodwalayo amasankhidwa. Chofunikira ndichakuti munthu ali ndi zaka zingati.

Zimakhulupirira kuti zimapeza mafuta kuchokera ku insulin, koma ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti ndi matenda ashuga, njira zambiri za metabolic zomwe zimachitika mthupi zimasokonekera. Chifukwa chake, mavuto okhala ndi kunenepa kwambiri kwa wodwala angawonedwe.

Mutha kupeza mafuta chifukwa cha zinthu zina zambiri, zoyipa za insulin zimakhala ndi machitidwe ena.

Kodi zotsatira zoyipa za insulin Therapy zingawonekere bwanji?

Ngakhale kufunikira kogwiritsa ntchito mahomoni, pali chiopsezo cha kayendetsedwe ka insulin. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, odwala ena amawona zabwino kuchokera pakukhazikika kwa mankhwalawo, kuzigwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yoposa chaka, pomwe ena angadandaule chifukwa cha zovuta zosiyanasiyana zoyipa. Pankhaniyi, ziwengo zimatha kuchitika kokha osati pazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso mbali zina zamankhwala. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha jekeseni wosalekeza, vuto limatha kubuka, momwe mungachotsere ma cones kapena ma cones.

Kodi chiwopsezo cha insulin ndi chiyani? Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha insulin.

Kuwonetsedwa kwa thupi lawo siligwirizana m'malo omwe jakisoni amapangidwira. Itha kudziwonetsa yokha mwa mitundu yofiira, kuyabwa, kutupa, kapena njira yotupa.
Pali mwayi wokhala ndi ziwengo chifukwa cha Hypersensitivity chimodzi mwazolemba za mankhwala. Mawonetsedwe ake akuluakulu ndi matenda apakhungu, kukula kwa bronchospasm.
Aliyense tsankho kwa mankhwala chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa hyperglycemia.
Mavuto amawonedwe akhoza kuchitika. Monga lamulo, insulin yotere imayambitsa mavuto osakhalitsa. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu ndikuchepetsa mavuto aliwonse ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kuli mtendere.
Nthawi zina, thupi la munthu limatha kupanga ma antibodies poyankha mankhwala.
Nthawi yoyamba chakudya chikayamba, chiwopsezo cha insulin chimatha kuwoneka ngati kutupika kwambiri, komwe kumatha masiku ochepa. Edema imatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuchedwa kwakwaniritsidwa kwa sodium ndi thupi. Monga lamulo, odwala omwe akhala akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwa zaka zambiri samakumana ndi vutoli.

Ngati kukonzekera kwa insulin kumayendetsedwa, zotsatira zoyipa zimatha kuchitika chifukwa chogwirizana ndi mankhwala ena. Popewa zovuta zoyipa mukamamwa insulini, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala aliwonse ofunika kumayenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi adokotala.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito insulin, mavuto obwera chifukwa cha mankhwalawa sangachitike pokhapokha ngati wodwala amamvera malangizo onse a dokotala.

Kodi zotsutsana ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi ziti?

Mankhwala a insulin akhoza kukhala ndi zotsutsana zingapo. Kumwa mankhwalawo mwachindunji kumatengera moyo wa wodwalayo komanso zakudya zoyenera.

Mukamatsatira malangizo onse a dokotala, mungathe kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zomwe zingakhudze kukhalapo kwa contraindication ndi kuchuluka kwa zaka komanso thanzi lonse la wodwalayo.

Sizoletsedwa kuchita mankhwala a insulini pazotsatirazi:

Kukula kwa hypoglycemia mu shuga kungayambitse zovuta,
Njira zamatenda zomwe zimachitika m'chiwindi, zimaphatikizira matenda a cirrhosis ndi hepatitis yayikulu
matenda a kapamba ndi impso (kapamba, nephritis, urolithiasis),
Matenda ena am'mimba (zilonda zam'mimba kapena zilonda zam'mimba),
matenda akulu amtima.

Ngati wodwala ali ndi matenda monga kuperewera kwa coronary kapena pali zovuta ndi kufalikira kwa ubongo, njira zonse zochiritsira ziyenera kuchitika moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akukamba za mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kumwa insulin.

Hypoglycemic zotsatira za insulin (limagwirira kukula kwa hypoglycemia)

Insulin ndiye mahomoni akuluakulu omwe kapamba amapanga, omwe amafunikira thanzi labwinobwino la odwala matenda a shuga. Tsoka ilo, zovuta za insulin ndi chimodzi mwazotsatira zake zoyipa zomwe sizikuwopseza thanzi lokha, koma nthawi zambiri moyo wa wodwalayo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kusankha kwa Mlingo ndi pafupipafupi kwa mankhwala kumasankhidwa mosamalitsa ndi dokotala aliyense payekha, pomwe masiku oyamba a mankhwalawa amayendetsedwa ndi kuyesedwa kwa magazi ndi mkodzo.

M'malo mwake, mphindi iyi ndi yayikulu kuposa momwe ingawonekere poyamba. Ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kukula koopsa kwa hypoglycemia ndikotheka. Pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito insulini yothamanga, izi sizowopsa, chifukwa wodwalayo kapena wogwira ntchito kuchipatala yemwe adalandira jakisoni angazindikire kuchepa kwa shuga ndikuchita zoyenera. Koma odwala ena amapatsidwa mankhwala oti azigwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo zimayambitsa pang'onopang'ono matenda a hypoglycemia syndrome.

Kuti mumvetsetse kufunikira kotsatira njira iliyonse payokha, muyenera kuphunzira momwe mungapangire hypoglycemia. Zakudya zomanga thupi zomwe zimalowa m'thupi ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimapakidwa chimbudzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kupanga mamolekyulu a shuga osiyanasiyana. Ngati tikulankhula za m'modzi wa iwo - glucose - ndiye kuti umalowa m'magazi pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo. Pamene kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chikubwera kumawonjezeka, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakulirakulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukula kwake kuzikhala kosavomerezeka kwa kugwira ntchito kwa thupi. Apa ndipamene machitidwe a hypoglycemic of insulin amatembenukira kukhala abwino kwambiri, chifukwa ndi timadzi timene timapangidwa ndi kapamba yemwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri: amalimbikitsa kuyamwa kwa glucose m'matipi, potero amathandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa magazi. Tsoka ilo, limagwirira a hypoglycemia silikuwongoleredwa ndi anthu, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga sikungogwera pazomwe zikufunika, komanso kutsika kwambiri. Izi zimachitika pang'onopang'ono pomwe kapamba akuyamba kupanga insulini, ndipo zimavuta kufotokoza. Zotsatira zake, palibe glucose wokwanira wotsalira m'magazi, wokwanira kuchita bwino kwa thupi lonse lathunthu komanso ubongo makamaka.

Monga lamulo, magwiritsidwe omwe insulin imachitika imanenedweratu: kuchuluka kwa shuga omwe amapangidwa panthawi ya chakudya amakula bwino, ndipo pambuyo pakupanga kwa mahomoni kumatsikiranso bwino. Muzochitika kuti shuga atakwera kwambiri, kenako amatsika kwambiri pansi pazoyenera, ndipo hypoglycemia imayamba. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri pochiza odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi insulin kuti aganizire za kayendedwe kameneka ndikupatsa odwala zambiri zokhudzana ndi mankhwalawa. Tsoka ilo, zochitika zambiri za hypoglycemia zimachitika ndendende chifukwa pali kusamvana pakati pa zotsatira za insulin ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta.

Kudziwa mfundo zomwe shuga ingachepetse kwambiri m'magazi a shuga, komanso zizindikilo zazikulu ndi zizindikilo zomwe zikuwonetsa kutsika kosavomerezeka m'magazi a glucose, munthu atha kupewa mavuto akulu, kuphatikizapo imfa.

Kodi insulin ndi chiyani?

Insulin ndi timadzi tambiri timene timapanga protein timene timayambitsa magazi. Hormoni imatulutsidwa m'magazi ndi maselo apadera otchedwa beta cell. Chochita chilichonse chimakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana pakuchulukitsa shuga, chifukwa chake, chimakhala ndi gawo lina la kutulutsidwa kwa insulin mthupi. Hormone iyi imakhudza thupi lonse. Cholinga chachikulu cha insulin ndikuchepetsa magazi.

Mphamvu ya masabolic

Insulin imathandizira kuyamwa kwa glucose m'maselo a minofu, komanso imayambitsa ma enzyme ena a glycolysis. Insulin imatha kupanga glycogen kwambiri ndi zinthu zina m'mitsempha, komanso amachepetsa kwambiri gluconeogeneis, ndiko kuti, kupanga shuga m'magazi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito insulin pomanga thupi

Pomanga thupi, insulini imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha, kapena ultrashort.

Mankhwala abwino kwambiri omwe amayesedwa ndi nthawi ndi Actrapid NM ndi Humulin Regul.

Mankhwala abwino kwambiri a ultrashort insulin ndi awiri, awa ndi a Penfill kapena FlexPen.

Tiyeni tikambirane za zabwino ndi zoyipa zama hormone onyamula.

Ubwino:

Maphunzirowa ali ndi masiku 60, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti nthawi yochepa.
Ubwino wa mankhwalawa uli wonse pamlingo wapamwamba. Mwayi wogula zabodza ndi 1% poyerekeza ndi anabolic steroids.
Insulin ikupezeka. Itha kugulidwa pa mankhwala aliwonse popanda mankhwala a dokotala.
Hormayo imakhala ndi mitengo yambiri ya anabolic.
Kuopsa kwa zotsatirapo ndizochepa, bola ngati maphunzirowa atapangidwa moyenera.
Kumapeto kwa maphunzirowa, chithandizo chamankhwala chosinthira sizofunikira, chifukwa insulin siyimabweretsa zotsatirapo.
Kubwezeretsa kumapeto kwa maphunzirowa ndikocheperako.
Simungagwiritse ntchito nokha, koma ndi ma peptides ena ndi ma anabolic steroids.
Palibe mphamvu ya androgenic pa thupi la munthu.
Insulin sikuvulaza chiwindi ndi impso, komanso sizikhala ndi poizoni. Sizimayambitsa mavuto a potency pambuyo pa maphunzirowa.

Zoyipa:

Glucose wotsika m'thupi (pansi pa 3.3 mmol / L).
Adipose minofu mkati maphunziro.
Mitundu yovuta ya mankhwalawa.

Monga mukuwonera, insulini imakhala ndi Ubwino wopindulitsa katatu kuposa zovuta. Izi zikutanthauza kuti insulini ndi imodzi mwamankhwala abwino kwambiri a pharmacological.

Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin

Ndikofunika kwambiri kudziwa izi: ngati mungazindikire zodziwika za kuperewera kwa shuga, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kuti mubwezeretsenso thupi ndi zotsekemera kuti mubweretse kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi.

Zotsatira zoyotsatira, koma zosafunikira kwenikweni, ndikuluma ndi kuwawa pamalo a jekeseni.

Thupi la aller ndi losowa, koma ndilofunika kwambiri.

Ngati mumamwa insulin nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti kutulutsa kwanu insulin komweko kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. N`zothekanso chifukwa cha bongo wa insulin.

Musanagwiritse ntchito mahomoni oyendera, muyenera kuyang'anira zinthu ziwiri:

Yambani ndi mlingo wocheperako ndikuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono mpaka mufika 20. Sizoletsedwa kusintha mwadzidzidzi kuchoka pa 2x kupita ku 6, kapena 10 mpaka 20! Kusunthira lakuthwa kumatha kubweretsa zotsatira zoyipa mthupi lanu.
Osapitirira magawo makumi awiri. Ndani amene sangatipangitse kutenga pafupifupi mayunitsi 50 - osawamvera, chifukwa thupi lililonse limatenga insulini mosiyanasiyana (kwa wina, magawo 20 angaoneke ochulukirapo).

Kukula kwa kudya kwa insulin kungakhale kosiyana (tsiku lililonse, kapena tsiku lililonse, kamodzi patsiku, kapena kupitilira apo). Ngati mumayendayenda tsiku lililonse komanso kangapo, ndiye kuti maphunzirowa atha kuchepetsedwa. Ngati mungayende tsiku lina lililonse, ndiye kuti masiku 60 ndiokwanira.

Ngati mankhwala "achidule" agwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti timamwa jakisoni theka la ola musanadye chakudya chachikulu.

Ngati tigwiritsa ntchito "ultrashort", ndiye kuti timapanga jakisoni mukangomaliza kudya.

Kuti jakisoni ichitike popanda kuyabwa ndi ziwengo, ndipo khungu silikuuma malo a jakisoni, muyenera kuwapanga m'malo osiyanasiyana a thupi.

Kuti muwerenge kuchuluka kwa insulin yofunika, ndikofunikira kukumbukira gawo lililonse la insulin - 10 magalamu a chakudya.

Zolakwika zazikulu potenga mahomoni oyendetsa

Choyipa choyamba - Mlingo waukulu komanso nthawi yolakwika yogwiritsira ntchito.Yambani ndi yaying'ono Mlingo ndipo muwone thupi likuchita.

Chachiwiri cholakwika - jekeseni wolakwika. Ndikofunikira kumanamiza mosadziwa.

Cholakwika chachitatu - Kugwiritsa ntchito insulin musanaphunzire komanso pogona, zomwe ndizoletsedwa.

Mndandanda ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito jekeseni.

Momwe mungabayitsire insulin

Musanalowe jakisoni wa insulin, muyenera kukhala ndi chilichonse chotsekemera (shuga, uchi, chokoleti, ndi zina). Izi zikutsimikizirani chitetezo chanu ngati mungagwiritse ntchito hypoglycemia.

Muyenera kubaya ma hormone ndi syringe yapadera, yomwe imatchedwa syringe ya insulini.

Syringe yotereyi imachepera kwambiri kuposa yokhazikika, ndipo pamakhala kachigawo kakang'ono ka kiyubiki. Syringe yonse ya insulin ikhoza kugwira cube chimodzi, i.e. 1 ml. Pa syringe, magawikawa agawika zidutswa 40. Ndikofunikira kuti musasokoneze syringe yokhazikika ndi syringe ya insulin, apo ayi pamakhala zotsatira zakupha kuchokera ku mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri. Muyenera kuchita jakisoni pa ngodya ya madigiri 45.

Kuti tipeze zotsatira zabwino kwambiri kuchokera ku insulin, tifunika kuganizira malamulo atatu:

Kugwirizana ndi zakudya zamafuta.
Phunzitsani bwino.
Pumulani bwino.

Kodi ndizotheka kuphatikiza insulin ndi anabolic steroids?

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mankhwala aliwonse a pharmacological, kuphatikiza insulin, angotengedwe ndi akatswiri othamanga omwe amakhala mwamphamvu zopanga thupi ndikulipeza.Ngati cholinga chanu ndikungoyang'ana bwino, ndiye kuiwalani za "chemistry", chifukwa izi sizoyenera mwanjira iliyonse.

Ngati munthu ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti akufunika mlingo wa insulin.

Mapeto ake, muyenera kukumbukira malamulo angapo ogwiritsira ntchito insulin, kuti isakhale yovulaza:

Dziwani thupi lanu, onetsetsani kuti lili mwadongosolo komanso mwakonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito insulin.
Yenderani phunzirolo molondola komanso ndiudindo wonse.
Onani bwino zakudya ndi mndandanda wophunzitsira kuti muchepetse thupi lanu lonse.

Piana Wolemera pa Insulin - Video

Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin: bwanji?

Zotsatira za jakisoni zimatengera umunthu wa munthu, kulondola kwa mlingo wosankhidwa ndi njira yoyendetsera mankhwalawo.

Kuchuluka kwa anthu kumalekerera mankhwalawa.

Kodi katundu wa insulin wamkulu ndi uti?

Zotsatira zazikulu za insulin ndizotsatira zotsatirazi:

amathandizira kuchotsa michere m'chiwindi, minofu ya adipose ndi minofu yotuluka m'magazi,
imayendetsa kagayidwe kachakudya kotero kuti thupi limatulutsa mphamvu yayikulu yamafuta, kusunga mapuloteni ndi mafuta.

Kuphatikiza apo, insulin imagwira ntchito zotsatirazi:

ali ndi kuthekera kosunga ndi kuphatikiza shuga mumitsempha ndi minyewa ya adipose,
imalola kukonza kwa shuga m'maselo a chiwindi mu glycogen,
amathandizira kuwonjezera mafuta kagayidwe kachakudya,
Ndi cholepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni,
kumawonjezera kagayidwe kachakudya njira mu minofu minofu.

Insulin ndi chimodzi mwama mahomoni omwe amathandizira kukula ndikukula kwabwino kwa mwana, chifukwa chake ana amafunikira kupangidwa kwa mahomoni kofunikira ndi kapamba.

Mlingo wa insulin mwachindunji umadalira chakudya chamunthuyo komanso moyo wokangalika. Chifukwa chake, zakudya zambiri zotchuka zimapangidwa motengera mfundo iyi.

Mu matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, palibe insulin yopanga thupi, yomwe imapangitsa wodwalayo kumva kuti amafunikira jakisoni wa timadzi timeneti.

Mitundu ndi mitundu yamankhwala amakono

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Masiku ano, pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zopezera insulin:

mankhwala opangira mankhwala omwe amapezeka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje amakono,

mankhwala omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha kupangika kwa mahomoni a kapamba a nyama (osagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mankhwala amakono, ndi zinthu zakale).

Kenako, mankhwala opangira akhoza kukhala:

Insulin yocheperako komanso yocheperako, yomwe imagwira kale ntchito mphindi makumi awiri pambuyo pa kupangika, imaphatikizapo actrapid, cholembera wa humulin komanso insuman-yachilendo. Mankhwalawa amasungunuka ndipo amalamulidwa mosavuta. Nthawi zina pamakhala jakisoni wamkati kapena wamkati. Ntchito yapamwamba kwambiri ya mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa imayamba maola awiri kapena atatu pambuyo pa jekeseni. Insulin yotere imagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga lamulo, kuwongolera ma spikes a m'magazi ngati kuphwanya zakudya kapena kugwedezeka kwamphamvu mumtima.
Malangizo a nthawi yayitali. Mankhwalawa amakhudza thupi kuyambira maola khumi ndi asanu mpaka tsiku. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kwa odwala matenda a shuga ndikokwanira kupanga jakisoni awiri kapena atatu patsiku. Monga lamulo, zinc kapena protamine imaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwalawa, omwe amapereka gawo loyenerera la mayamwidwe m'magazi ndikusungunuka pang'onopang'ono.
Mankhwala okhalitsa. Chikhalidwe chawo chachikulu ndikuti zotsatira pambuyo pa jakisoni zimatha nthawi yayitali - kuchokera maola makumi awiri ndi atatu kudza zisanu ndi chimodzi. Kuchita kwa insulin kumayamba kuwonekera ola limodzi kapena awiri kuchokera nthawi yomwe jakisoni. Nthawi zambiri, madokotala amapereka mankhwala amtunduwu kwa odwala omwe ali ndi chidwi chochepa kwambiri cha mahomoni, anthu achikulire ndi iwo omwe amayenera kupita kuchipatala cha jakisoni nthawi zonse.

Mutha kupeza mafuta chifukwa cha zinthu zina zambiri, zoyipa za insulin zimakhala ndi machitidwe ena.

Kodi zotsatira zoyipa za insulin Therapy zingawonekere bwanji?

Kodi chiwopsezo cha insulin ndi chiyani? Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha insulin.

Kuwonetsedwa kwa thupi lawo siligwirizana m'malo omwe jakisoni amapangidwira. Itha kudziwonetsa yokha mwa mitundu yofiira, kuyabwa, kutupa, kapena njira yotupa.
Pali mwayi wokhala ndi ziwengo chifukwa cha Hypersensitivity chimodzi mwazolemba za mankhwala.Mawonetsedwe ake akuluakulu ndi matenda apakhungu, kukula kwa bronchospasm.
Aliyense tsankho kwa mankhwala chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa hyperglycemia.
Mavuto amawonedwe akhoza kuchitika. Monga lamulo, insulin yotere imayambitsa mavuto osakhalitsa. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu ndikuchepetsa mavuto aliwonse ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kuli mtendere.
Nthawi zina, thupi la munthu limatha kupanga ma antibodies poyankha mankhwala.
Nthawi yoyamba chakudya chikayamba, chiwopsezo cha insulin chimatha kuwoneka ngati kutupika kwambiri, komwe kumatha masiku ochepa. Edema imatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuchedwa kwakwaniritsidwa kwa sodium ndi thupi. Monga lamulo, odwala omwe akhala akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwa zaka zambiri samakumana ndi vutoli.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito insulin, mavuto obwera chifukwa cha mankhwalawa sangachitike pokhapokha ngati wodwala amamvera malangizo onse a dokotala.

Kodi zotsutsana ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi ziti?

Mankhwala a insulin akhoza kukhala ndi zotsutsana zingapo. Kumwa mankhwalawo mwachindunji kumatengera moyo wa wodwalayo komanso zakudya zoyenera.

Sizoletsedwa kuchita mankhwala a insulini pazotsatirazi:

Kukula kwa hypoglycemia mu shuga kungayambitse zovuta,
Njira zamatenda zomwe zimachitika m'chiwindi, zimaphatikizira matenda a cirrhosis ndi hepatitis yayikulu
matenda a kapamba ndi impso (kapamba, nephritis, urolithiasis),
Matenda ena am'mimba (zilonda zam'mimba kapena zilonda zam'mimba),
matenda akulu amtima.

Ngati wodwala ali ndi matenda monga kuperewera kwa coronary kapena pali zovuta ndi kufalikira kwa ubongo, njira zonse zochiritsira ziyenera kuchitika moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akukamba za mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kumwa insulin.

Hypoglycemic zotsatira za insulin (limagwirira kukula kwa hypoglycemia)

Kuti mumvetsetse kufunikira kotsatira njira iliyonse payokha, muyenera kuphunzira momwe mungapangire hypoglycemia.Zakudya zomanga thupi zomwe zimalowa m'thupi ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimapakidwa chimbudzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kupanga mamolekyulu a shuga osiyanasiyana. Ngati tikulankhula za m'modzi wa iwo - glucose - ndiye kuti umalowa m'magazi pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo. Pamene kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chikubwera kumawonjezeka, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakulirakulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukula kwake kuzikhala kosavomerezeka kwa kugwira ntchito kwa thupi. Apa ndipamene machitidwe a hypoglycemic of insulin amatembenukira kukhala abwino kwambiri, chifukwa ndi timadzi timene timapangidwa ndi kapamba yemwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri: amalimbikitsa kuyamwa kwa glucose m'matipi, potero amathandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa magazi. Tsoka ilo, limagwirira a hypoglycemia silikuwongoleredwa ndi anthu, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga sikungogwera pazomwe zikufunika, komanso kutsika kwambiri. Izi zimachitika pang'onopang'ono pomwe kapamba akuyamba kupanga insulini, ndipo zimavuta kufotokoza. Zotsatira zake, palibe glucose wokwanira wotsalira m'magazi, wokwanira kuchita bwino kwa thupi lonse lathunthu komanso ubongo makamaka.

Siyani ndemanga kapena ndemanga

Chifukwa ndi momwe mungatengere insulin pomanga thupi

Nkhaniyi ikuyang'ana kwambiri pa mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri komanso owopsa a anabolic - insulin. Kupanga kwa timadzi tating'onoting'ono, momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito, kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, zotsatira zoyipa ndi mfundo zofunika kugwiritsa ntchito insulin monga kutulutsa magazi.

Kodi insulin ndi chiyani?

Zotsatira za insulin ndipo zimagwira bwanji?

Mphamvu ya masabolic

Ntchito ina yofunika ndikuwongolera kagayidwe kazakudya zamafuta ndi mafuta omwe amachokera mu chakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, insulin ili ndi zovuta zina zingapo za metabolic, mwachitsanzo, kuthetsedwa kwa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni ndi mafuta. Insulin imagwira tandem ndi glucagon, mahomoni ena opangidwa ndi kapamba. Ngakhale gawo la insulin ndikuchepetsa shuga m'magazi ngati kuli kofunikira, gawo la glucagon ndikuwonjezera shuga m'magazi ngati atsika kwambiri. Dongosolo loterolo limathandiza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kukhalabe m'malire, komwe kumapangitsa kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito moyenera.