Dziwani zikhalidwe za insulin

Insulin ndi mapuloteni okhala ndi mapuloteniyomwe imapangidwa ndi maselo apachifinya. Ntchito yake yachilengedwe ndikupanga maselo ndi minyewa yokhala ndi michere, makamaka shuga. Kupanga kwake kumagwirizana mwachindunji pamlingo wa shuga m'magazi, ndipo mu kuperewera kwenikweni kumatha kukhala funso la kukhalapo kwa matenda osokoneza bongo. Kodi insulin ndi chiyani mu magazi, zomwe zimatengera ndi momwe tingafufuzire, tikambirana zinanso.

Ndi kusanthula kotani komwe kutsimikiziridwa?

Shuga kukhazikika kwa insulin ndipo kuyambitsa kugawanika kwake, zoyendera ndi kugaya chakudya, zimafufuzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a labotale.

Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kupereka magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha, chifukwa magazi a capillary sakhala olemera mu tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Asanapereke kusanthula, maphunziro apadera adzafunika, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kukana chakudya kwa maola 12-14 musanatenge sampuli ya magazi, mtendere wakuthupi komanso wamalingaliro.

Ngati simugona mokwanira, kupsinjika kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, zomwe zimapezeka zitha kusiyana kwambiri ndi zenizeni.

Pang'ono pang'ono za mahomoni ndi ntchito zake

Insulin imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazinthu zophunziridwa kwambiri zamafuta. Ntchito zake ndi izi:

kuchuluka kwa cell khoma kupezeka kwa shuga,
kutsegula kwa michere omwe akuphatikizidwa ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa shuga,
kukondoweza kwa mapangidwe a glycogen ndi mawonekedwe ake m'maselo a chiwindi ndi minofu,
kutenga nawo gawo kagayidwe ka lipids ndi mapuloteni.

Mkhalidwe wofala kwambiri ndikuti kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi sikokwanira. Pali mitundu iwiri yamatenda amtunduwu: kuperewera kwathunthu komanso kwa abale. Poyamba, ma cell a insulin achinsinsi a kapamba sangathe kuthana ndi ntchito zawo ndipo sangatulutse mahomoni okwanira. Mawonekedwe ndi chikhalidwe cha mtundu 1 matenda a shuga.

Ngati kapamba amapanga insulin yokwanira, koma maselo amthupi amataya chidwi chake, tikulankhula za kusakwanira kwina. Amathandizira mwachindunji pakupanga mtundu wa "matenda okoma".

Chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunikira kudziwa mulingo wanu wa insulin?

Kufunika kwa phunziroli kumagwira ntchito ya timadzi timeneti. Popeza glucose amawongolera, kufalitsa ndi kudziunjikira ndi chithandizo chake, chizindikiro cha manambala chimatha kupereka lingaliro la ntchito ya ziwalo ndi machitidwe awa:

ntchito kapamba,
chiwindi ntchito
chiwopsezo cha minofu ya thupi ku glucose,
chakudya kagayidwe kazakudya ndi kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi lonse.

Oscillation a insulin sangadutse popanda kusiya thupi, kumadziwonetsa mwa mawonekedwe olimba.

Cholinga chakusanthula kugona kosalekeza, kusowa kwamphamvumphwayi ndi kamwa yowuma.

Kuperewera kwa insulin, komwe kumaphatikizapo kukula kwa matenda a shuga 1, kumafunikira kuwunikira ndi kuwazindikira.

Munthu adzafunika kuyambitsa kuyambitsa mahomoni awa mpaka ziphuphu zikabwezeretsedwa.

Anna Ponyaeva. Amaliza maphunziro awo ku Nizhny Novgorod Medical Academy (2007-2014) ndi Residency in Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (2014-2016). Funsani funso >>

Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti insulini yoyendetsera moyo ndiyo njira yokhayo kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kuti akhale ndi moyo wonse.

Ndikothekanso kuweruza kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa mavuto okhala ndi carbohydrate metabolism pokhapokha kuchuluka kwa insulin kuyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, omwe amaphunziridwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani?

Gawanani zinthu zinayi zofunikazomwe zimatha kubweretsa zotsatira zabodza:

Kudya nthawi yomweyo musanalandire magazi - kaphatikizidwe ka insulini kamodzikamodzi kamawonjezeka chakudya chikamalowa m'thupi. Momwemo, magazi pambuyo pa chakudya cham'mawa chopatsa thanzi azikhala ndi shuga ndi insulin, yomwe imafuna kusintha kagayidwe kazachilengedwe.
Kudya zakudya zamafuta, zotsekemera, zokometsera dzulo lake, komanso zakumwa zoledzeretsa zamphamvu - zikondwerero zamaphwando zimayambitsa kudya kwambiri, zomwe zimaphatikizira chiwindi ndi kapamba, kukakamira ziwalozi kugwira ntchito molakwika.
Kupsinjika ndi kulimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu - kutulutsidwa kwa insulin kumawonjezeka pamene thupi likumana ndi zovuta, chifukwa chake muyenera kupuma ndikugona bwino tsiku lanyengo.
Zolakwika zochokera ku labotale, pomwe magazi sayang'aniridwa nthawi yomweyo, koma patapita nthawi. Zinapezeka kuti zotsatira zake zimakhala zolondola ngati magazi atsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito phunziroli. Mphindi 15 pambuyo pa mpanda, magawo ake amakanidwe, ngakhale motsogozedwa ndi anticoagulants, amachepetsa kwambiri ndipo amasiya kukhala "wamoyo".

Zinthu izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa, chifukwa kusalowerera kwawo kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zotsimikizika zambiri.

Kodi ndingathe kumwa insulin pamimba yopanda kanthu?

Insulin ndi imodzi mwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ashuga. M'malo mwake timabadwa tomwe timapangidwa monga kapamba. Mankhwala, pali mitundu ingapo ya insulini, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumatengera nthawi yogwira ntchito, nthawi yoyang'anira ndi kufunika kwake.

Insulin yayikulu imasunga shuga wambiri usiku komanso pakati pa chakudya. Ntchito yake ndikutsanzira kupansi kwa insulin. Nawonso, insulin imayendetsedwa musanadye chakudya kuti ivute kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi omwe amayamba chifukwa cha zakudya. Chifukwa chake, atayambitsidwa, wodwalayo ayenera kudya kena kake koletsa kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi zovuta zowopsa.

Analog yomwe ikugwira mwachangu insulin imayamba kugwira ntchito mkati mwa mphindi 5 mpaka 10, ndipo insulin yochepa imayendetsedwa pafupifupi mphindi 30 asanadye. Izi ndi zomwe amatchedwa postprandial insulin - Amatengedwa musanadye chakudya, komanso musanadye chakudya cham'mawa.

Kudya kwa insulin kumalumikizidwa ndi kupezeka kwa maluso pokonzekera nthawi yakudya. Kupereka mlingo woyenera wa glucose pazinthu za insulin ndikofunikira kwambiri thanzi. Kudziwa nthawi yomwe mankhwalawa amayamba kuchita komanso poti chimachitika ndi chofunikira kwambiri pa insulin.

Zizindikiro zofananira

Madzi a insulin zimatengera zizindikiro zotere:

zaka
jenda
nthawi yoyeserera magazi (kaphatikizidwe ka mahomoni amasintha tsiku lonse)
kupezeka kwa kusintha kwa mahomoni (ndi kutha msinkhu, kutenga pakati, kusintha kwazamasamba),
kusala magazi kapena mutatha kudya,
kumwa mankhwala a mahomoni.

Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuganizira zikhalidwe za akazi ndi mibadwo yosiyanasiyana, poganizira zomwe zapezeka phunziroli.

Kusala kudya

Kwa ana zizindikiro zidzakhala zosiyana pang'onopoganizira mtundu wa chakudya:

wakhanda ndi ana a chaka choyamba cha moyo - 3-15 mkU / ml,
ana amasukulu - 4-16 mkU / ml,
ana a zaka 7 mpaka 12 - 3-18 mkU / ml.

Chizindikiro cha insulin m'mwazi mwa achinyamata ndi 4-19 mkU / ml.

Nthawi yakutha msinkhu, pamene mphamvu ya mahomoni imasintha pang'ono, malire apansi amakwera pang'ono mpaka 5 mcU / ml.

Muyezo wa insulin m'magazi mwa amuna ndiwosiyanasiyana kuyambira 3 mpaka 23 μU / ml, ndipo ali ndi zaka 25-45, zizindikiritso sizisintha. Pambuyo pa zaka 50, pamene ntchito zolimbitsa thupi zimachepa, ndipo chakudya chokwanira chimafunidwa, malire ake ndi 6-30 μU / ml.

Mlingo wa insulin m'magazi a azimayi pamimba yopanda kanthu umasiyana msinkhu:

Zaka 25-35 - 3-20 mkU / ml,
Zaka 35-45 - 3-26 mkU / ml,
Zaka 45-65 wazaka - 8-34 mkU / ml.

Pa nthawi yoyembekezera, mothandizidwa ndi kusintha kwa mahomoni, kuchuluka kwa insulini mpaka 28 μU / ml ndizovomerezeka, zomwe sizoyambitsa matenda ndipo zimadutsa popanda kudzipereka pambuyo pobereka.

Muzochitika kuti mkazi amamwa mankhwala a mahomoni, makamaka pakamwa pakamwa, ndikofunikira kudziwitsa wothandizira ntchito zam'mawu za izi, pambuyo pake cholembedwa china chimapangidwa mu decoding, popeza mulingo wa insulin ukhoza kuchuluka, koma osakhala matenda.

Mankhwala tikatha kudya

Kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi, komanso shuga, kumachitika pakatha maola 1.5-2 mutadya. Kuwerenga kwa chizindikirochi kumatilola kuti tiwunikire momwe kapamba amachitikira ndi kaphatikizidwe ka mahomoni. Mapeto ake amapangidwa osati kokha ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin, komanso ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga. Zizindikiro ziwirizi zimasiyana molunjika, popeza zimadalirana.

Muubwana, mtengo wololedwa kwambiri mukatha kudya ndi 19 mcU / ml. Kwa akazi, chizolowezi chomaliza chakudya chimakhala 26-28 mkU / ml. Mwa amuna, pafupifupi mtengo umakhalabe chimodzimodzi kwa akazi.

Mwa amayi apakati komanso okalamba, kuchuluka kwa insulini kumaloledwa, komwe ndi 28-35 μU / ml.

Kuti mupeze zotsatira zolondola, kusanthula nthawi zambiri kumachitika m'magawo atatu:

Pamimba yopanda kanthu m'maola ochepa mutadzuka.
Pambuyo kudya pambuyo 1.5-2 maola.
Pambuyo maola ena 1.5 mutatsiriza magazi.

Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muyeze kuchuluka kwa insulini m'mphamvu zazikulu, zomwe zimayenera kuchuluka pambuyo pa chakudya ndikuchepa pambuyo pa maola atatu mutatha kudya.

Mitundu Yokhala Ndi Mimba

Si chinsinsi kuti pamaso pa matenda a shuga ndi kunenepa kwambiri kovuta kwambiri kubereka mwana. Izi ndichifukwa thupi limakhala lopanikizika nthawi zonse ndipo limawerengera mwayi wobala. Ntchito yayikulu ya thupi ndikusunga ntchito zofunika, chifukwa chake kutenga pakati ndi mapaundi owonjezera mu 90% ya milandu yonse sikuchitika.

Kuti mukhale ndi mwana wathanzi, makolo onse ayenera kukhala ndi kuchuluka kwa insulini pamlingo wa 3-25 μU / ml.

Mlozera wa insulin

Kutsutsana ndi insulin Chizindikiro chosonyeza kuphwanya kuyankha kwa thupi ku insulin yopanga kapena yopanga. Mndandanda wotsutsa wa insulin umathandizira kuwunika momwe thupi limaperekera insulin. Pakuwerengera kwake, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa mayunitsi a 0,1 a insulin pa 1 makilogalamu a kulemera kwa wodwala kudzera mkodzo, pambuyo pake mphindi 10 zilizonse kwa ola limodzi kuti azilamulira shuga. Pazifukwa izi, glucometer yosunthika imagwiritsidwa ntchito, kukulolani kuti mupange zotsatira zolondola mwachangu.

Kupatuka pa chizolowezi

Zosokera ndi mfundo zilizonse zolandilidwa zomwe zimapitilira zomwe zatsimikizidwa.

Zokhotakhota zimatha kukhala zam'mwamba komanso zotsika.

Kuperewera kwa insulin, komwe kukhazikika chizindikiro pansipa 3 μU / ml, imadzetsa kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusatheka kwa kulowa kwake m'maselo ndi minyewa. Thupi limakumana ndi vuto lalikulu la glucose, lomwe limayimiriridwa ndi zizindikiro monga:

ludzu lalikuru ndi kupumira kwamantha kwa njala,
kukodza pafupipafupi,
thukuta kwambiri
khungu lowuma,
kugona kosalekeza komanso kuchepa kwa ntchito,
mavuto amakumbukiro ndi kuwukira kwaukali.

Kusowa kwadongosolo kwa insulin kumabweretsa zotsatirapo zoyipa kwa thupi lonse.

Zida zaubongo zimakhudzidwa makamaka. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusowa kwa mahomoni awa ndizotheka kukhala ndizakudya zazitali komanso kupititsa patsogolo kwa matenda a autoimmune, makamaka matenda a shuga.

Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti munthu akucheperachepera kapena kuchuluka thupi, pali zizindikiro zonse za matenda ashuga, koma zotsatira za kuyesa kwa glucose zimakhalabe zoperewera. Poterepa, kuyesedwa kwa insulin kukaniza ndi kulolera kwa glucose kuyenera. Izi ziwiri zikuwonetsa momwe thupi limazindikirira bwino glucose, ndikuwonetsanso zomwe zingayambitse.

Pankhaniyi, kufufuza kwathunthu kumafunikira, komwe kumaphatikizapo maphunziro a endocrine, komanso ultrasound yam'mimba.

Makhalidwe okwera zomwe zimafikira 25-30 mcU / ml. Ngati chiwerengerochi chikufika pamagawo 45, ndiye kuti munthu akufunika thandizo mwachangu.

Zomwe zimayambitsa izi ndi ma pancreatic pathologies, pomwe limba limayamba kupanga mosasinthika mahomoni.

Mawonekedwe akunja azachipatala omwe ali ndi insulin yayikulu ndi:

kuperewera mseru limodzi ndi njala
thukuta lozizira
tachycardia
kukomoka.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kudwala zingakhale matenda monga:

Insulinoma ndi chotupa mu kapamba yemwe amasokoneza kugwira ntchito kwa chiwalo chonse.
Zakudya zopanda vuto, zomwe zimatsogolera kukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2.
Matenda a autoimmune.
Polycystic ovary ndi mahomoni.

Kuchulukitsa kwa insulin kumapangitsa kuwonongeka mwachangu kwa makoma amitsempha yamagazi, kuwapangitsa kukhala osalala komanso okhazikika.

Palinso chiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda oopsa, kunenepa kwambiri ndi oncology, kamenenso kikugogomezera kufunikira kwa kuwongolera mulingo wa mahomoni awa.

Kuchita bwino kwambiri kwa insulin yokhala ndi shuga wabwinobwino kumawonetsa kuti thupi limakhala ndi neoplasms, makamaka mu kapamba, kapena pali zovuta ndi kagwiridwe ka endocrine system yonse, pomwe mahomoni ambiri sagwira ntchito moyenera.

Onerani kanema pamutuwu

Chitetezo Chachilendo

Kupanga kwa mahomoni mwachindunji kumatengera magwiridwe a endocrine system ndi kapamba makamaka.

Monga prophylaxis yamakhalidwe abwinobwino, malingaliro monga:

Pewani mowa ndi zinthu zina zopweteka zomwe zimakhala ndi chiwopsezo chochuluka pa kapamba ndi chiwindi.
Khazikitsani zakudya, ndikuzipanga kukhala zopatsa mphamvu komanso zochepa.
Khalani ndi moyo wokangalika, yang'anirani masewera.

Ndikofunikira kuyezetsa pachipatala chaka chilichonse, kulabadira zizindikiro za shuga.

Ngati akwezedwa, ndiye kuti zizindikiro za insulini ziyenera kupezeka. Pamaso pa kufooka, kugona, kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta m'mimba, ludzu, kuphunzira kuyenera kuchitika osanenedwa. Mitundu yambiri ya insulini, komanso yotsika kwambiri, imakhala yowopsa kwa thupi ndipo imawonetsa kukhalapo kwa kupatuka. Kuzindikira kwakukulu kumawonedwa patatha maola awiri mutatha kudya, pambuyo pake mfundozo zimayambiranso bwino. Kungodziyang'anira nokha ndikudzifufuza kwakanthawi kochepa komwe kumapewe mavuto ambiri ndi zotsatirapo zovuta zaumoyo.

Ndi manambala ati omwe amawona kuti ndi abwinobwino?

Mlingo wa insulin m'mwazi pamimba yopanda kanthu (mwa abambo ndi amayi azaka zapakati) samapitirira 25 mkU / l. Malire ovomerezeka ndi 3 μU / L.

Mwa ana osakwana zaka 12, malo ochepetsetsa a zolembera za insulin nthawi zambiri amafanana ndi kuchuluka kwa akuluakulu, ndipo kupezeka koyenera kumayima pafupifupi 20 mkU / l. Mwa okalamba ndi amayi apakati, zinthu ndizosiyana pang'ono. Mankhwala awo abwinobwino amakhala ndi izi:

Amayi oyembekezera: okwanira 27 mkU / l, osachepera 6 mkU / l.
Okalamba: okwanira 35 mkU / l, osachepera 6 mkU / l.

Werengani zambiri za kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi mwa ana kumapezeka mu nkhaniyi.

Kodi insulin imadziwika bwanji?

Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi a akazi:

kuyezetsa magazi
kuyesedwa kwa shuga.

Poyambirira, nkhaniyo imapereka magazi m'mimba yopanda kanthu mu malo ogwiritsira ntchito labotale. Kuti zotsatira zake zikhale zolondola, ndikofunikira kukonzekera kusonkhanitsa kwazinthu. Kwa maola 8 mpaka 12 amakana chakudya, m'mawa mumatha kumwa madzi okha (shuga, omwe ali gawo la tiyi, compote angapangitse kutulutsa kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndi mahomoni) ndi kapamba).

Mayeso a kulolera a glucose

Njira yodziwikirayi imachokera poti wodwala amatenga magazi kangapo. Muyeneranso kubwera ku labotale musanadye chakudya cham'mawa. Iwo amatenga magazi kuchokera mu mtsempha. Chotsatira, wodwalayo amamwa yotsekemera yothetsera shuga wa glucose.Nthawi zingapo (dokotala yemwe akupezekapo angasonyeze mbali yomwe akufuna kukonzanso) magazi a venous amatengedwanso.

Poyankha kudya kwa glucose m'thupi, kapamba wathanzi amayenera kuyankha ndikutulutsa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi kuti atengere shuga m'maselo ndi minyewa. Ngati vuto la gland likuyenda bwino kapena kusintha kwachilengedwe kwamankhwala kuti apange insulin, thupi liyankhe motero, lomwe lidzatsimikizidwe mu labotale ndi chizindikiro cha wodwala matenda.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mita

Anthu omwe akukumana ndi ntchito ya chida chonyamulachi mwina angadabwe kudziwa kuti ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'magazi. Chipangizocho sichikuwonetsa manambala enieni, koma chingapangitse kuyesa mayeso a shuga, kutengera zomwe zitha kutsimikiziridwa kuti insulini ikuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa.

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mita:

Yang'anani thanzi la chipangacho polisintha ndikuyika gawo loyesa. Ma code omwe ali pamunsi ndi pazenera amayenera kufanana.
Sambani manja anu bwino, gwiritsani ntchito chala chanu ndi ethyl mowa kapena imodzi mwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Yembekezani kuti khungu liume.
Gwiritsani ntchito lancet, yomwe imaphatikizidwa ndi zida, kupanga punct. Chotsani dontho la magazi ndi swab thonje.
Ikani dontho lachiwiri kumalo komwe kuli mzere woyezera. Dera limathandizidwa ndi michere yapadera yomwe imakhudzana ndi biomaterial ya nkhani.
Pakapita kanthawi (monga zikuwonetsedwa mu malangizo, a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma glucometer omwe amasiyanasiyana), zotsatira zake zimawonetsedwa pazenera. Iyenera kulembedwa m'madayilo anu, kuti pambuyo pake amatha kufananizidwa ndi zisonyezo zina kapena kuwonetsedwa kwa katswiri woyenera.

Zizindikiro zapamwamba za Hormone

Kutengera zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa kumatha kukhala kwachilengedwe komanso matenda. Kuwonjezeka kwachilengedwe kwa mahomoni kumachitika pakudya, thupi likatumiza chizindikiro ku kapamba wokhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa glycemia.

Pathologically insulin yayikulu imatchedwa hyperinsulinism. Malinga ndi gulu, izi zitha kukhala zoyambirira komanso zachiwiri. Hyperinsulinism yoyamba imayamba motsutsana ndi maziko a zovuta zamagetsi zamagetsi. Zoyambitsa zochitika zitha kukhala:

zotupa zam'mimba,
matenda ashuga oyambira
opaleshoni pamimba, chifukwa choti chotupacho chimalowetsa m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono, zomwe zimakwiyitsa ziwiya
machitidwe a neurotic.

Hyperinsulinism yachiwiri siyimagwirizidwa ndi ntchito ya pancreatic. Itha kuyamba motsutsana ndi maziko akumva njala, poyizoni wa chakudya nthawi yayitali, galactosemia, masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Ngati chizoloŵezi cha insulin m'mwazi wa akazi chikuphwanyidwa kwakukulu, madandaulo ofooka (ngakhale kutaya chikumbumtima), cephalgia, ndi kumva kugunda kwamphamvu kwa mtima kumawonekera. Pali mtima wofuna kudya, kugwedeza manja ndi miyendo, kupendekera ngodya za milomo.

Katswiri amatha kudziwa kukhuthala kwa khungu, mantha, mkhalidwe wopsinjika mwa mkazi, kupezeka kogwira. Nthawi zina pamakhala kuphwanya koyang'ana mu nthawi ndi malo.

Mlingo wa insulin utachepa

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti insulin ikhale mwa akazi ikuphwanyidwa kocheperako ikhoza kuweruzidwa ndi mawonekedwe awa:

shuga wambiri (woyezedwa kunyumba ndi glucometer kapena chosakanizira mu labotale yamankhwala),
wodwala amakhala ndi chidwi chofuna kumwa, kudya, kukodza,
ndi kulakalaka kudya, kuchuluka kwa thupi sikuchitika, ayi, kunenepa kumachepa,
kuyabwa ndi kuuma kwa khungu, zotupa zomwe sizichiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwira m'magazi zimatha kudyetsa magazi pafupipafupi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta zam'mimba zomwe zimapezeka mosavuta. Zinthu zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe zimaphatikizaponso matenda opatsirana komanso osachiritsika, zochitika zovuta, komanso kuchepa kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa insulin

Mutha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni mothandizidwa ndi kulandira mankhwala. Amakhala mu achire makonzedwe a insulin analogues. Pali magulu angapo a mankhwalawa omwe amaphatikizidwa mu njira zina:

mankhwala osokoneza bongo (Actrapid NM, Humalog, Novorapid),
Malangizo a nthawi yayitali (Protafan NM),
insulin yayitali (Lantus, Levemir)

Zakudya zama carb ochepa ndi njira inanso yowonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulin. Iyi ndi njira yokonza zakudya, momwe wodwala amalandila chakudya pang'ono. Mfundo zachakudya ndi kukana shuga, zakumwa zoledzeretsa, zakudya zomwe amakonda kudya pafupipafupi. Wodwala ayenera kudya pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kapamba azigwira ntchito "pa ndandanda."

Zakudya zothira, zosuta, zamchere ziyenera kutayidwa. Zokonda zimaperekedwa ku mbale zophika, zophika, zophika, zosaphika.

Timatsitsa zizindikiro

Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin, ndikofunikira kuti muchotse zomwe zimayambitsa matenda. Ngati hyperinsulinism imayambitsa chotupa, iyenera kuchotsedwa ndi chemotherapy ina. Zowonjezera-pancreatic ziyeneranso kuthetsedwa.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha nthawi ya vuto la hypoglycemic. Kumayambiriro kwake, wodwalayo amapatsidwa kenakake kamtengo kokoma, kenako shuga amadzalowetsa m'mitsempha. Pa gawo la coma, jakisoni wa glucagon, adrenaline, tranquilizer amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Nthawi yonse, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumangosungidwa mkati mwa zovomerezeka ndi zakudya. Ndikofunika kuti mpaka 150 g ya chakudya chamafuta tsiku lililonse, chakudya chizikhala chambiri komanso chambiri. Zakudya zotsekemera kwambiri ziyenera kutayidwa.

Kusintha kulikonse mthupi kuyenera kukambirana ndi katswiri woyenera. Izi zikuthandizira kupewa kukulitsa zovuta komanso kufulumizitsa njira yochira.

Kodi kuphunzira insulin kusala kudya ndi chiyani?

Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi kusala kwa insulin. Zomwe mungafufuze ndi magazi a venous, nthawi zambiri amachokera kumitsempha yama ulnar, omwe amapezeka maola 7 mpaka 10.

Nthawi yomweyo musanayambe phunzirolo, muyenera kupumula kwa mphindi khumi ndi zisanu. Phunzirolo liyenera kuchitika pamimba yopanda kanthu - chakudya chotsiriza sichenera kudyedwa osapitirira 18:00 tsiku lapitalo. Musanayesere insulin pamimba yopanda kanthu, mutha kumwa madzi kapena tiyi wowawa. Pankhani ya ana osakwana zaka 3, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti titengere magazi kuyambira mphindi 30 mpaka ola limodzi mutatha kudya.

Kuthamanga kwa insulin sikumapezeka pasanathe tsiku lotsatira labizinesi.. Kukula kwa insulini kumatengera jenda, zaka komanso njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu labotore. Monga lamulo, ndi 2.6-24.9 mCu / ml.

Cholinga choyeza kusala kwa insulin

Kusala kudya kwa insulin kumasonyezedwa ngati wodwala ali ndi zizindikiro hypoglycemia popanda chifukwa.

Kafukufukuyu amachitika mwa anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikilo zomwe zimawonetsa kuti thupi silibisa bwino kapena kugwiritsa ntchito insulin. Ntchito kuwunika endo native insulin. Amachita mwa anthu omwe akukayika insulin, - chotupa chachilendo chomwe chimapangidwa kuchokera ku maselo a pancreatic islets, omwe amasokoneza kupanga insulin kapena amachititsa hypersensitivity ku mahomoni awa.

Ngati mtundu wa 2 wodwala matenda a shuga wapezeka, kuyezetsa insulini mwachangu kumachitika kuti athe kuunika momwe angapitilizire chithandizo cham'mbuyomu ndimankhwala amkamwa ndikusankha pakufunika kwa insulin.

Kuti mutsimikizire kukana kwa insulin, ndiye kuti, muchepetse chidwi cha thupi pazotsatira za insulin. Kugwiritsa ntchito poyesa kupambana kwa insulinomas ndikuwunika momwe mungathenso kubwereranso.

Ndi gawo lodziwika bwino la matenda a acomegaly ndi Cushing's.

Kusala insulini - insulin shuga yokhotakhota

Kusala kudya kwa insulin kumayesedwa mwa omwe amapita kafukufuku omwe amatchedwa "glucose-insulin curve". Amakhala ndi kuwunika kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi insulin 1 ola limodzi ndi maola awiri atatha kuyesedwa kwa glucose, ndiye kuti atatha kudya magalamu 75 a shuga (otchedwa glucose katundu).

Mtundu wa masamu wowunika insulin kukana HOMA (English Homeostatic Model Test) wapezeka wotchuka kwambiri posachedwapa. Kutengera kuyesa kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi insulin m'magazi a magazi, insulini yolimbana ndi insulini imawerengedwa ndi formula: HOMA-IR = (kusala ndende ya glucose (mmol / l) x kusala ndende ya insulin) / 22.5. Kufunika kokwanira muzochitika zathupi ndi 1.0. Pamwambapa timakambirana insulin kukana.

Kodi kusala kudya kwambiri kumatanthauza chiyani?

Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa insulin, kuwonjezera pa kupereka lingaliro mtundu 2 shuga, amapezeka nthawi yayitali yogwiritsa ntchito corticosteroids, levodopa komanso kulera kwamlomo. Amawoneka ndi matenda a acromegaly ndi Cushing. Mtundu wa metabolic syndrome. Kusala kudya kwambiri kwa insulin kumatha kukhala ndi anthu onenepa komanso galactose kapena fructose tsankho.

Kuchuluka kwa insulin kumayambitsa hypoglycemia (kusowa kwa glucose m'magazi), omwe amatha kuwonetsedwa ndi thukuta kwambiri, kugunda kwamtima, chizungulire, kuwonongeka kooneka ndi kukhudzika. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa shuga, thupi lilibe mphamvu zokwanira. Mapeto ake, izi zimatha kubweretsa kukomoka komanso ngakhale kufa.