Chifukwa chiyani munthu ali ndi matenda ashuga

Kwa zaka zambiri osalimbana ndi ma DIABETES?

Mutu wa Bungwe: “Mudzadabwitsidwa kuti kumakhala kovuta motani kuchiritsa matenda a shuga tsiku lililonse.

Mu matenda a shuga mellitus nthawi zambiri pamakhala mavuto osiyanasiyana ndi ntchito za maso. Chiwerengero chowonjezeka cha shuga m'magazi chimawonjezera mwayi wamavuto amaso. Palibe chovuta kunena kuti matenda ashuga ndi omwe amayambitsa khungu kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zaka kuyambira 20 mpaka 74. Pazovuta zonse ndi ntchito za maso, komanso zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a shuga - pambuyo pake m'nkhaniyo.

About glaucoma

Glaucoma imachitika chifukwa choimitsa kukhathamiritsa kwamadzi komwe kumakhala mkati mwa diso. Komanso, sikuti gawo lomaliza mu njirayi limaperekedwa kuti likhale lodzikundikira, chifukwa cha izi zonse, kuwonjezeka kwa kukakamiza mkati mwa maso kumadziwika. Zimabweretsa zowonongeka osati m'mitsempha yamagazi, komanso m'mitsempha, ndipo, kenako, kusintha kwa mawonekedwe.

Pogwiritsa ntchito glaucoma, akatswiri amagwiritsa ntchito:

• njira zamankhwala ndi opaleshoni,
• njira za laser
• akatswiri amagona.

Popewa mavuto owonjezereka ndi ntchito ya maso mu matenda a shuga, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kupenda katswiri wa zamankhwala pafupipafupi. Ndizofunikira kuti uyu anali katswiri wokhazikika.

Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa glaucoma ndi awa: betaxolol, timolol, latanoprost, pilocarpine.

Nthawi zambiri, madontho a 0,5% ndi 0,25% a timolol amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amatha kugulitsidwa m'masitolo am'madzi pansi pa mayina monga fotil, ocumol ndi ena ambiri.

Madontho omwe aperekedwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maso, ngati angagwiritse ntchito komweko, amathandizira kuchepetsa kupanikizika mkati mwa diso. Komanso, sizingangokhala zokwezeka zokha, komanso zabwinobwino. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwamapangidwe amadzimadzi mkati mwa khungu. Palibe zovuta pakukwanira ndi kukula kwa phunziroli, lomwe ndilofunika kwambiri kwa matenda ashuga.

Mankhwalawa, monga pafupifupi onse amaso, amagwira ntchito pambuyo pochepera mphindi 15 mpaka 20 kuyambira pomwe adakhazikitsidwa mu gawo la conjunctival. Kutsika kooneka kwambiri m'maso kumadziwika pambuyo poti maola opitilira awiri atadutsa. Zomwe madontho akuwonetsa ziyenera kupitilizidwa tsiku lonse.

Pazakuwopsa

Kuphatikiza pa glaucoma, aliyense mwa omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatha kukumana ndi mawonetsedwe ena omwe amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga. Zokhudza:

1. matenda ashuga retinopathy,
2. mphira.

Ma Cataralog samakhala oopsa kuposa retinopathy, koma akuyenera kuwalandira mwapadera. Kuchokera pamalingaliro azinthu zathupi, kumakhala kogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a maso. Chochitikacho chikuchitika chifukwa chakuti minyewa yokhala ndi mandala, monga maselo muubongo, imatha kuyamwa zinthu za shuga kuchokera m'magazi popanda kuthandizidwa ndi insulin, yomwe imakhala yoopsa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Zizindikiro zoyipa, zomwe zitha kukhala umboni wa momwe ma lens amagwirira ntchito, ziyenera kuwonedwa ngati mawonekedwe a kuphwanya kwamphamvu kwa masomphenya, kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe, "chophimba" mwadzidzidzi kapena mawanga patsogolo pa malo amaso, komanso kulephera kuwerenga zolemba zazing'ono, mwachitsanzo, mu nyuzipepala.

Njira zofananira zamatenda am'magazi m'malo a mandala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ndi oyambilira amathanso kuchitika mothandizirana ndi thupi la vitreous, komanso zochitika zina zomwe zimasokoneza kwambiri moyo wa munthu.

Pofuna kuteteza ndi kupewa matenda akanjawa, makonzedwe oyenera a ophthalmic ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe ndi quinax, catachrome ndi catalin. Iliyonse ya othandizira othandizira ayenera kukhazikitsidwa katatu patsiku, madontho awiri mumaso aliwonse mwezi umodzi. Pambuyo pa izi, kupuma kumakhala kovomerezeka masiku 30 ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, njira yochizira maso ndi matenda ashuga imabwerezedwanso.

Kutalika kwa nthawi, malinga ndi komwe ma dontho amaso amagwiritsidwa ntchito, sikungokhala zaka zambiri, komanso kungachitike mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo.

About malangizo apadera

Tizikumbukira malangizo apadera omwe amakhala ovomerezeka ngati munthu akudwala matenda a shuga ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu lakuwona. Choyamba, amakakamizika kukaonana ndi katswiri pafupipafupi, kuti athe kuyeza kukakamira mkati mwa malo amaso, ndikuwunikanso cornea yomwe. Ndizofunikanso ngati pakuwoneka zovuta zakumaso.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito magalasi amalumikizanso, sibwino kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito madontho amaso kuti mupeze chithandizo, chifukwa pali mwayi:

• kukhazikika kwa malo osungirako ena mwa iwo, mwachitsanzo, magalasi ofewa,
• zowonongeka osati pamatupi okha, komanso m'maso pawokha.

Asanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, mitundu ina yamagalasi olumikizana, omwe ndi olimba, amalimbikitsidwa kuti achotsedwe, ndipo atatha kuyambitsa, akuyenera kubwezeretsedwanso, koma osati kale kuposa pambuyo pa mphindi 15-20. Ngati musanafike ku njira ya mankhwalawa ndi madontho monga, titi, thymol, aliyense mwa odwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kale, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kuti akonzere kukonzanso.

Pakachitika opaleshoni yofunikira koma yofunikira, muyenera kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa maola 48 asanachitike opereshoni. Komanso, akatswiri samalimbikitsa kuti pakhale anthu awiri kapena opitilira beta. Makamaka zimakhala zovulaza m'matenda am'mimba, zomwe, monga mukudziwa, zimakulitsa ndikuchepetsa ntchito zonse za thupi.

Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugule ndikugwiritsa ntchito madontho osafunsana ndi dokotala, ndiye kuti, podzichitira nokha. Izi zitha kukhala zowopsa kwa munthu wokhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chake, vuto lochiza matenda amaso m'matenda a shuga liyenera kuthandizidwa makamaka pochita izi, poganizira zovuta zonse.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani shuga amatha magazi kupatula shuga?

Glucose ndiye gwero lalikulu lamphamvu mthupi. Amapangidwa ndi ma enzymes omwe amapezeka kuchokera kuzakudya. Magazi amawanyamula pama cell onse amthupi.

Kuphwanya kutembenuka kwa chakudya, komanso njira yolekerera shuga, kungapangitse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Kutembenuka kwa chakudya chamagulu m'thupi la glucose kumachitika mwa njira zingapo zachilengedwe, insulin ndi mahomoni ena amathandizira pazomwe zili m'thupi. Kuphatikiza pa matenda ashuga, zifukwa zomwe chiwopsezo cha shuga m'magazi zingakhale zina.

Mitengo yamagazi

Mulingo wa shuga wamagazi sakhala wokhazikika, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimakhudza kufunika kwake. Zomwe zimadziwika ndizizindikiro za 3.5-5,5 mmol / lita. Magazi otengedwa kuchokera kumunwe amakhala ndi otsika kwambiri kuposa a venous.

Chizindikiro chokhazikika mwa ana ndi 2.8-4.4 mmol / lita.

Pamwamba pa malire ovomerezeka mwa okalamba, komanso azimayi oyembekezera. Magazi a shuga amasintha tsiku lonse komanso chakudya. Mikhalidwe ina ya thupi imatha kubweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa shuga (hyperglycemia), pali matenda ena osati matenda a shuga, omwe amadziwika nawo.

Kukula kwachilengedwe

Zambiri zimatha kuyambitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Izi zitha kuchitika mwa munthu wathanzi labwino pazochitika zotsatirazi:

1. Ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi chokwanira chamafuta. Mu thupi lathanzi, kuwonjezereka kwa chisonyezo kudzakhala kwakanthawi, insulini ibweza zonse kukhala zabwinobwino. Ndi kukonda kwambiri maswiti, nkoyenera kuganizira za kusatha kwa kunenepa kwambiri, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi.
2. Mukamamwa mankhwala ena ake. Izi ziyenera kuphatikizapo osagwiritsa ntchito beta-blockers, ma diuretics, glucocorticoids.
3. Kupsinjika, kupsinjika kwamthupi komanso m'maganizo kumapangitsa kuti magazi asamayende bwino, kusokonekera kwa mahomoni ndi kuchepa kwa kagayidwe kazinthu. Amadziwika kuti mwachisangalalo ndi kupsinjika, kupanga kwa glucagon, wotsutsana ndi insulin, kumakulanso.
4. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mosakwanira (kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi) kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa metabolic.
5. Ndi ululu waukulu, makamaka, ndikuwotcha.

Mwa akazi, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kungaphatikizidwenso ndi premenstrual syndrome. Kuledzera kumadzetsa vuto la hyperglycemia.

Kanema pazomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa glycemia:

Zoyambitsa zazomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi

Glucose wopezedwa mu ziwalo zogaya samangolowa mu ma cell, komanso amadziunjikira m'chiwindi ndi mbali ya impso. Ngati ndi kotheka, amachotsedwa ziwalo ndipo amalowa m'magazi.

Kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa glucose kumachitika ndi manjenje, endocrine, maselo a adrenal, kapamba ndi gawo la ubongo - dongosolo la hypothalamic-pituitary. Chifukwa chake, nkovuta kuyankha funso lomwe ndi chiwalo chiti chomwe chimayang'anira index ya shuga wamkulu.

Kulephera kwa njira zovuta zonsezi kungayambitse matenda.

• Matumbo am'mimbamo omwe ma carbohydrate samasweka m'thupi, makamaka, zovuta za postoperative,
• zotupa zamagulu osiyanasiyana zomwe zimaphwanya kagayidwe,
• kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi (hepatitis ndi ena), posungira glycogen,
• kuyamwa kwa shuga m'magazi a m'magazi,
• zotupa ndi matenda ena a kapamba, tiziwalo timene timatulutsa muubongo, ubongo,
• kuvulala kwa hypothalamus, kuphatikizapo komwe kumapezeka pakunyenga kwachipatala,
• kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni.

Kukula kwakanthawi kochepa kwa chizindikirochi kumachitika ndi kugwidwa khunyu, kugunda kwa mtima komanso kuukira kwa angina pectoris. Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kukwera kwambiri kuposa izi, sizitanthauza kuti matenda ashuga nthawi zonse.

Anthu ena ali ndi kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa glucose. Komabe, mtengowu sufika pamawonekedwe omwe matenda a shuga amapezeka. Vutoli limatchedwa kuchepa kwa kulolera kwa shuga (kuyambira 5.5 mpaka 6.1 mmol / l).

Vutoli lidasankhidwa kale ngati prediabetes. Mu 5% ya milandu, zimatha ndi mtundu 2 shuga. Pangozi amakhala anthu onenepa kwambiri.

Zizindikiro za Hyperglycemia

Kodi ndingamvetse bwanji ngati munthu ali ndi shuga wambiri?

1. Kuchulukitsa pokodza ndi mkodzo.
2. Masomphenya otsika.
3. Kulakalaka kumamwa nthawi zonse, kamwa yowuma. Kufunika kumwa ngakhale usiku.
4. Kholingo ndi mutu.
5. Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kulakalaka ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe mumadya. Potere, kulemera kwa thupi kumachepa, nthawi zina kwambiri.
6. Lethargy ndi kugona, kufooka kosalekeza komanso kusinthasintha kwa malingaliro.
7. Khungu lowuma komanso kusenda, kuchiritsa pang'onopang'ono mabala ndi kuvulala, ngakhale kocheperako. Mabala nthawi zambiri amakula, furunculosis imayamba.

Amayi omwe ali ndi shuga ochulukirapo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zotupa za kumaliseche, zomwe ndizovuta kuchiza. Nthawi zina pamakhala kuyamwa kosabisalira kumaliseche ndi mucous nembanemba. Amuna amakhala opanda mphamvu.

Kuwonjezeka kwakuthwa kwa chizindikirocho (mpaka 30 mmol / L) kumabweretsa kuwonongeka msanga. Kutembenuka, kutayika kwa mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe amawonedwa. Ntchito yamtima ikuipiraipira, kupuma kwabwinobwino nkosatheka. Kukomoka kumabwera.

Odwala nthawi zambiri samamvetsetsa, chifukwa cha zomwe zimakhala zowonongeka mu thanzi. Tsekani nthawi zina kusintha kooneka bwino komwe kumachitika mwa munthu.

Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Momwe mungasiyanitsire matendawa?

Zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zizindikiro zamagazi am'magazi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyesedwa kwa labotale kotchedwa kuyeserera kwa glucose test (TSH). M'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu amatenga magazi kuti adziwe chizindikiro. Pambuyo pake, njira ya shuga imaperekedwa kwa munthuyo, pambuyo pa maola awiri kuyesedwa kwachiwiri kwa magazi kwachitika.

Nthawi zambiri amangopatsa madzi otsekemera. Nthawi zina shuga amaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha. Kuyesa kumachitika mu biochemical Laboratories. Palinso mwayi wophunzitsira ndi glucometer wanyumba.

Pamaso pa njirayi, kukonzekera kwapadera ndikofunikira, chifukwa zinthu zambiri zaumoyo ndi zakudya zitha kupotoza chithunzi cholondola.

Kuti mupeze zotsatira zophunzitsira, muyenera:

• yang'anani pamimba yopanda kanthu, simungathe kudya kwa maola 8-12, osapitirira 14,
• osamwa mowa masiku angapo, osasuta musanayambe kuphunzira,
• tsatirani zakudya zomwe mwalimbikitsa kwakanthawi,
• pewani kupsinjika ndi kupsinjika,
• kukana kumwa mankhwala - mahomoni, kuwotcha shuga ndi ena.

Mutatha kumwa shuga, muyenera kuthera maola awiri musanatenge sampuli yotsatira yopuma. Phunziro silimachitika ngati kuyesa kosavuta kwa magazi kukuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga oposa 7.0 mmol / L. Kulemba kwakukulu kumawonetsa kale shuga.

Phunziroli silimapangidwira matenda owopsa a somatic ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, kudya kosalekeza kwa mankhwala ena, makamaka, okodzetsa, glucocorticosteroids.

Norm11>11.1

Mavuto mu kagayidwe ka glucose amathanso kudziwa zomwe zimapangidwira ena omwe angathandize kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake panali kuwonjezeka kwa shuga:

• amylin - amawongolera kuchuluka kwa glucose pamodzi ndi insulin,
• incretin - imayang'anira kupanga insulin,
• glycogemoglobin - akuwonetsa kupanga kwa glucose kwa miyezi itatu,
• glucagon ndi mahomoni, wotsutsana ndi insulin.

Chiyeso chololerako ndichopindulitsa, koma chikufunika kutsatira mosamalitsa malamulo onse amakhalidwe asanafike pakupereka magazi.

Njira zochepetsera mtengo

Ngati matenda a shuga sapezeka, ndikofunikira kuzindikira zomwe zikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga. Ngati mavuto amayamba chifukwa chmwa kumwa mankhwala, dokotala ayenera kusankha njira zina zochizira.

Pa matenda am'mimba, chiwindi kapena vuto la m'mimba, njira zamankhwala zimapangidwa kuti, pamodzi ndi chithandizo cha matenda oyambitsidwa, khazikitsani shuga ndikuyipangitsa kukhala yabwinobwino. Ngati ndizosatheka kutsika mtengo, insulin kapena mankhwala omwe amawotcha shuga amapatsidwa.

Njira zochepetsera shuga ndizakudya zosankhidwa mwapadera, zolimbitsa thupi ndi mankhwala.

Kukula kwa zakudya kumathandizira kuti magazi akhale ophatikizika, ndipo nthawi zina kuthetseratu vutoli. Kuti muthe kukhazikika kwa glucose, zakudya No. 9 zimafotokozedwa. Simuyenera kufa ndi njala. Zogulitsazo zikuyenera kuwongolera index ya glycemic ndi calorie.

Mutha kudya nyama zamafuta ochepa, nkhuku ndi nsomba. Zakudya zokhala ndi CHIKWANGWANI ndizothandiza. Ndikofunikira kupatula mowa.

Pali magulu a zinthu zomwe siziyenera kuphatikizidwa pamenyu, zina - kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera komanso mosamala.

• soseji (zonse, kuphatikizapo soseji wophika ndi masoseji),
• Magulu, masikono,
• maswiti, shuga, zoteteza,
• nyama zamafuta, nsomba,
• batala, tchizi, mafuta ophikira kanyumba.

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera, kuchepetsa gawo ndi nthawi 2:

• buledi, buledi
• zipatso, zomwe zimakonda kukoma kwa wowawasa,
• pasitala
• mbatata
• phala.

Madokotala amalimbikitsa kudya ndiwo zamasamba zambiri mwatsopano, zophika komanso zotentha. Za chimanga, ndibwino kusiya semolina ndi mpunga. Chofunika kwambiri ndi phala la barele. Pafupifupi tirigu onse angagwiritsidwe ntchito.Komabe, simungathe kudya njere za pompopompo, granola, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zokhazokha.

Msuzi wolemera umaphatikizidwa, ndibwino kudya masamba. Nyama zamafuta ochepa ndi nsomba zimatha kuwiritsa padera ndikuwonjezera msuzi. Ngakhale zili zoletsa zambiri, mutha kudya zosiyanasiyana.

Kanema wokhudza mfundo za zakudya:

Maphunziro akuthupi

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi moyenera pamasewera osangalatsa kumathandizira kukonza machitidwe a metabolic m'thupi. Izi siziyenera kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro.

Muyenera kusankha njira yosangalatsa komanso yovuta:

• Kuyenda
• kusambira - M'chilimwe m'madzi otseguka, nthawi zina padziwe,
• kukwera paulendo, njinga, mabwato - malinga ndi nyengo ndi chidwi,
• Kuyenda kapena ku Sweden
• Yoga

Makalasi sayenera kukhala achangu kwambiri, koma okhazikika nthawi zonse. Kutalika - kuchokera theka la ola mpaka theka.

Kusankhidwa kwa mankhwala ochepetsa glucose kumachitika ngati kuli kofunikira ndi dokotala.

Mankhwala azitsamba

Zomera zina, zipatso ndi mizu zimathandizira kutsitsa shuga:

1. Mapepala a laurel (zidutswa 10) amathira mu thermos ndikutsanulira 200 ml ya madzi otentha. Siyani kwa maola 24. Imwani kapu ya по ofunda 4 pa tsiku.
2. 1 tbsp. supuni ya horseradish wosankhidwa imathiridwa ndi 200 ml ya yogati kapena kefir. Tengani supuni katatu patsiku musanadye.
3. 20 magalamu a walnut kugawa makoma amawiritsa mu kapu yamadzi kwa ola limodzi pamoto wochepa. Phwando - supuni katatu patsiku musanadye. Mutha kusunga msuzi kwa masiku angapo mufiriji.
4. Zipatso ndi ma buliberries zimapereka zotsatira zabwino. 2 tbsp. supuni ya zopangira kutsanulira kapu ya madzi otentha, kunena ola limodzi. Tengani kapu ya ½ musanadye.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pambuyo pazochitika zoyambirira za mawonekedwe a matenda, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Kuyendera kwa dokotala komanso ku labotale kuyenera kukhala kokhazikika. Chizindikirochi ndichofunika kudziwa kukhazikika ndi kulondola kwa njira za metabolic m'thupi. Kuchulukitsa kwakukulu kapena kutsika kwa shuga kumabweretsa zotsatirapo zoyipa kwa wodwalayo.

Chifukwa chiyani anthu amadwala matenda ashuga: zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa

Chaka chilichonse, kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kumawonjezera tanthauzo la zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga.

Osatengera gawo la chibadwidwe komanso zinthu zachilengedwe, njira yamoyo komanso zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndizomwe zingapangitse matendawa. Ntchito zochepetsera, kupsinjika kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso zakudya zosakonzedwa zimafotokozera chifukwa chake anthu amadwala matenda a shuga mayiko otukuka kwambiri.

Nthawi yomweyo, mawonekedwe omwe amatsatira mayiko ena pazakudya zina amachepetsa zochuluka m'maiko aku East Asia ndikuwonjezereka ku Europe.

Zoyambitsa matenda a shuga 1

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 1 amtunduwu ndi ma virus kapena poizoni omwe amagwira ntchito kuma chromosomes omwe amayambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Zitatha izi, chiwonongeko cha autoimmune cha zigawo za pancreatic zomwe zimapanga insulin zimayamba.

Maselo a Beta amakhala achilendo kwa thupi, amasinthidwa ndi minofu yolumikizana. Ma virus a Coxsackie, chikuku, mumps ndi cytomegaloviruses amathanso kuwononga mwachindunji kapamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwonetsero cha matenda a shuga chiwonjezeke.

Popeza kuchuluka kwa ma virus kumeneku kumachitika kwambiri nthawi yophukira-yozizira, kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga m'miyezi imeneyi ndikokwera. Amavutikanso ndi matenda ashuga akamakhudzidwa ndi kachilombo ka chiberekero cha rubella komanso mliri wa hepatitis.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga akamakula umadutsa magawo 6:

1. Chilema mu majini omwe ali ndi vuto lodana ndi matenda osachiritsika (cholowa kwa matenda ashuga).
2. Poyambira mphindi - kachilombo, mankhwala, poizoni. Maselo a Beta awonongeka ndipo kupanga antibody kumayamba. Odwala ali kale ndi ochepa antibodies to islet cell, koma kupanga insulin sikumachepetsedwa.
3. Autoimmune insulin. Chithandizo cha antibody chimachuluka, maselo omwe amakhala m'misumbu ya Langerhans amakhala ochepa, kupanga ndi kutulutsidwa kwa insulin kumachepa.
4. Pokhudzana ndi kumeza shuga kuchokera ku chakudya, insulin katulutsidwe kamachepetsedwa. Pazovuta zomwe zimachitika, wodwalayo wawonjezera kusala kwa glucose komanso mayeso a kulolera glucose.
5. Clinic ya matenda ashuga, insulini m'thupi ili pafupi pamenepo.
6. Kumwalira kwathunthu kwa maselo a beta, kuthetsedwa kwa insulin.

Ndi chiwonongeko cha autoimmune cha kapamba, pali nthawi yobisika, yomwe nthawi yowonongeka imapitilirabe, komabe palibe umboni wa matenda ashuga. Pakadali pano, magawo a mayeso a glucose ndi glucose ololera. Pozindikira matenda omwe ali ndi shuga pakadali pano, kupezeka kwa antibodies kwa kapamba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Matenda a shuga a m'mawonekedwe amapezeka pokhapokha 80-97% ya maselo a beta amwalira. Pakadali pano, zizindikiro za matenda ashuga zikukula msanga, ndipo matendawa atayamba kukhala zovuta za matendawa ngati wodwala sanamwe jakisoni.

Kuzindikira kwa matenda a shuga 1 amadziwika ndi kukula kwa autoimmune insulin, momwe ma antibodies omwe amapanga ma cell a beta ndi insulin amapangidwa. Komanso, chifukwa cha kusintha kwamapangidwe a ma chromosomes, kuthekera kwa maselo a beta kutayika kumatha. Nthawi zambiri, ma virus atagwira kapena poizoni, ma cell a pancreatic amasintha masiku 20.

Palinso ulumikizano pakati pa kudyetsa ma shuga ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin. Mapuloteni a mkaka wa ng'ombe amafanana ndi mapuloteni am'mimba a beta mu kapangidwe kake ka antigenic. Chitetezo cha mthupi chimayankha motero ndikupanga ma antibodies, omwe pambuyo pake amawononga awo kapamba.

Chifukwa chake, ana omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga, kuti asadwale, miyezi yoyambirira ya moyo iyenera kuyamwa.

Chifukwa chiyani matenda ashuga a 2 amachitika?

Chobadwa cha mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga ndichofunikanso, koma chimawonetsa kuthekera kwa matendawa, omwe mwina sakupezeka. Mwa anthu omwe achibale awo enieni anali ndi matenda ashuga, chiwopsezo chimawonjezeka ndi 40%. Palinso umboni wakufalikira kwa matendawa.

Chifukwa chachikulu chowonjezeka cha shuga m'magazi a 2 matenda a shuga ndi kukana insulini. Izi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusatha kwa insulini kumangiriza ma cell receptors. Mibadwo, yonse ya insulin imadzilimbitsa yokha komanso kunenepa kwambiri komwe kumayambitsa.

Mtundu wachiwiri wamavuto ogwirizana ndi zovuta zamtundu umayambitsa kuchepa kwa kupanga kwa insulin ndi maselo a beta kapena kuwonongeka kwawo chifukwa chakuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi pambuyo pa chakudya chomwe chili ndi chakudya.

Palinso mtundu wina wapadera wa matenda obadwa nawo a shuga - ana a shuga. Amakhala ndi pafupifupi 15% ya matenda 2 a shuga. Kwa mitundu iyi, zizindikiro zotsatirazi ndizodziwika:

• Kutsika kwapakati pa beta cell function.
• Yambambani ali ndi zaka 25.
• Mtundu wabwinobwino kapena wocheperako.
• Kukula pang'ono kwa ketoacidosis
• Kupanda insulin kukana.

Pakukula kwa mtundu wachiwiri mwa okalamba, zinthu zazikuluzikulu ndi kunenepa kwambiri ndi atherosulinosis. Pankhaniyi, njira yayikulu yodziwira kukula kwa zizindikiro ndi kukana insulini. Zimaphatikizidwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri, matenda oopsa, kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi ndi magazi a ubongo.

Chifukwa chake, kukhalapo kwa chimodzi mwazizindikirozo kungakhale chizindikiro chake. Munthu aliyense wazaka 40 azikafunika kuphunzira za kagayidwe kazakudya ndi mafuta, makamaka wokhala ndi chiyembekezo cha matenda a shuga.

Ndi kukana kwa insulini, kuchuluka kwa zolandilira m'matumbo kumachepa, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumayambitsa kupanga kwambiri kwa insulin. Hyperinsulinemia imabweretsa chakuti maselo a beta amasiya kuwona kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Kupanga kwa insulin sikukwera ndi chakudya - kuchuluka kwa insulin kumakulirakulira. Izi zimabweretsa kutsekeka kwa glycogen mu chiwindi ndi kapangidwe ka shuga. Zonsezi zimawonjezera hyperglycemia.

Kunenepa kwambiri kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga ndi kasanu ndi digiri yoyamba, ndipo nthawi 10 ndi wachitatu. Kugawidwa kwamafuta kumathandizanso - m'mimba mwa mtunduwu nthawi zambiri mumakhala kuphatikiza matenda oopsa, kusokonekera kwamafuta kagayidwe kachakudya kosagwirizana ndi maziko a kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi.

Palinso lingaliro la "chosakwanira phenotype." Akuti ngati mayi akaperewera chakudya mokwanira panthawi yoyembekezera, mwana amakhala pachiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga azaka zapakati. Zotsatira zomwezi zimatha kukhala ndi nthawi ya miyezi 1 mpaka 3.

Malinga ndi katswiri wa Leading Diabetes R.A. de Fronzo mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga umachitika pamene mphamvu yakuyankha ya insulin ikuperewera. Pokhapokha ngati kapamba amawonjezera kupanga insulini kuti athane ndi minyewa yotsutsana ndi homon imeneyi, shuga yambiri imasungidwa mkati mwake.

Koma popita nthawi, malo ake osungirako malo amatha, ndipo zizindikiro za matenda ashuga zimayamba. Zomwe zimapangitsa izi, komanso kuchepa kwa kachunidwe kakang'ono ka glucose, sizinafotokozedwebe.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga mwa amayi apakati

Kuyambira pafupifupi sabata la 20 la kubereka, mahomoni opangidwa ndi placenta amalowa mthupi la mkazi. Udindo wamahomoni awa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ali ndi pakati. Izi zikuphatikiza: estrogen, lactogen ya placental, cortisol.

Ma mahormone onsewa ndi a contra-insular, ndiko kuti, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga. Nthawi yomweyo kuthekera kwa insulini kuyendetsa glucose m'maselo kumatsekedwa. Mthupi la mayi woyembekezera, insulin imayamba.

Poyankha, kapambayu amatulutsa insulin yambiri. Kuwonjezeka kwa msinkhu wake kumabweretsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia. Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatha kuchuluka.

Kusintha konseku pambuyo pobala mwana kumakhala kwabwinobwino. Kukula kwa matenda ashuga mwa amayi apakati kumalumikizidwa ndi kutengera kwakanthawi komanso zinthu zomwe zingayambitse ngozi. Izi zikuphatikiza:

1. Kunenepa kwambiri
2. Matenda a shuga kwa abale ake apamtima.
3. Zaka zopitilira 25.
4. Kubadwa m'mbuyomu kunachitika ndi kubadwa kwa mwana wosabadwa wamkulu (oposa 4 kg).
5. Panali mbiri yokhala ndi pathupi osabereka, kubadwa kwa mwana yemwe ali ndi vuto losabereka, kubereka kapena polyhydramnios.

Kupewa matenda a shuga

Zowopsa zonse za matenda ashuga sizotsimikizika za 100% zakupezeka kwake. Chifukwa chake, kupewa matenda osachiritsika, ndikofunikira kuti aliyense amene ali ndi m'modzi mwa iwo atsatira malangizo omwe amachepetsa kuchepa kwa chakudya.

Njira yofunikira kwambiri yopewera ndikukana shuga ndi chilichonse chomwe chimaphikidwa ndi iyo. Poterepa, thupi silivutika, chifukwa pali chakudya chokwanira mu masamba, zipatso ndi chimanga. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito pazinthu zoyera kuchokera ku ufa woyera kwambiri. Kutenga zakudya izi kumachulukitsa glucose wamagazi anu komanso kumathandizira kutulutsidwa kwa insulin. Ngati pali chizolowezi chosokoneza magwiridwe antchito, kupsa mtima kotero kumabweretsa kusintha kwa mitundu yonse ya njira zama metabolic.

Kuchepetsa kwachiwiri kumalumikizidwa ndi matenda a metabolism yamafuta. Kuchepetsa cholesterol, zakudya zonse zokhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo a nyama sizimachotsedwa muzakudya - mafuta a nkhumba, abakha, mwanawankhosa, ubongo, chiwindi, mtima. Ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta wowawasa zonona, kirimu ndi tchizi cha kanyumba, batala.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuphika kapena kuwira zakudya, kuphika, koma osaphika. Ndi matenda amodzimodzi a ndulu kapena kapamba, zakudya zonse zokometsera, zosunthidwa ndi zamzitini, zisauni ndi zonunkhira ziyenera kutayidwa.

Lamulo la zopatsa thanzi pangozi ya matenda ashuga:

• Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe
• Kukana tchipisi, zopukutira, chakudya mwachangu, zakumwa zotsekemera za kaboni, timadziti ndi misuzi yopanga mafakitale, zinthu zomalizidwa.
• Kudya mkate wathunthu, wakuda, chinangwa, chimanga kuchokera ku mbewu zonse, m'malo maphikidwe pang'onopang'ono.
• Zakudya zamtundu umodzi mumaola ochepa, kupewa njala.
• Kuti muchepetse ludzu lanu, gwiritsani ntchito madzi oyera.
• Soseji, soseji, nyama zosuta ndi kupaka nyama ndi utoto ndipo zotetezedwa m'malo mwake ndi nyama zopanda mphamvu.
• Njira zabwino kwambiri zopangira mapuloteni ndi nsomba zamafuta ochepa, nsomba zam'nyanja, tchizi chokoleti mpaka 9% mafuta, kefir, yogati kapena yogurt.
• Zosankha ziyenera kukhala zamasamba atsopano monga mawonekedwe a saladi wokhala ndi zitsamba ndi mafuta amasamba.

Pomaliza, zifukwa zomwe anthu amadwala matenda a shuga sizinafotokozedwe, koma ndizodziwika kuti kudya, kusuta fodya komanso kumwa mowa komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumapewetsa matenda ambiri, kuphatikizapo matenda ashuga. Kanema yemwe ali munkhaniyi akuwonetsa mwatsatanetsatane chifukwa chomwe matenda ashuga amayamba.