Shuga 6 1
Mwazindikira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi 6.1 (mutatha kudya komanso pamimba yopanda kanthu) mwa mwana wanu kapena nokha ndipo mukufuna kudziwa ngati izi zingakhale zokhazikika komanso zomwe zikuyenera kuchitika pamenepa ndipo zikutanthauza chiyani?
Kwa ndani: | Kodi shuga 6. 6.1 amatanthauza chiyani: | Zoyenera kuchita: | Shuga | |
Kusala kudya kwa akuluakulu ochepera zaka 60 | Ndikulimbikitsa | Onani dokotala. | 3.3 - 5.5 | |
Mukatha kudya akuluakulu osakwana 60 | Norm | Zonse zili bwino. | 5.6 - 6.6 | |
Pamimba yopanda kanthu kuyambira zaka 60 mpaka 90 | Norm | Zonse zili bwino. | 4.6 - 6.4 | |
Kusala kudya kwazaka 90 | Norm | Zonse zili bwino. | 4.2 - 6.7 | |
Kusala ana osaposa chaka chimodzi | Ndikulimbikitsa | Onani dokotala. | 2.8 - 4.4 | |
Kusala ana kuyambira 1 chaka mpaka 5 | Ndikulimbikitsa | Onani dokotala. | 3.3 - 5.0 | |
Kusala kudya kwa ana kuyambira azaka 5 ndi achinyamata | Ndikulimbikitsa | Onani dokotala. | 3.3 - 5.5 |
Mulingo wa shuga wamagazi kuchokera pachala chala chopanda kanthu m'mimba mwa akulu ndi achinyamata akuyamba kuyambira 3,3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / l.
Glucose wabwinobwino
Amadziwika kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumayendetsedwa ndi mahomoni a kapamba - insulin, ngati sikokwanira kapena ngati minofu yathupi silimayankha insulin, ndiye kuti chiwonetsero cha shuga m'magazi chikuwonjezeka. Kukula kwa chizindikirochi kumakhudzidwa ndi kusuta, kupsinjika, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi. Malinga ndi World Health Organisation, miyezo ya shuga yamagazi yaanthu yavomerezedwa, pamimba yopanda kanthu mu magazi a capillary kapena venous, azikhala m'milingo yotsatirayi, mmol / l:
M'badwo wodwala | Chizindikiro cha mulingo wabwinobwino wamagazi kuchokera chala, pamimba yopanda kanthu |
mwana kuyambira 2 masiku 1 mwezi | 2,8 — 4,4 |
ana osakwana zaka 14 | 3,3 — 5,5 |
kuyambira wazaka 14 ndi akulu | 3,5- 5,5 |
Ndi zaka, chidwi chamunthu cha insulin chimachepa, popeza ena mwa ma receptor amafa ndipo, monga lamulo, kulemera kumawonjezeka. Zotsatira zake, insulini, ngakhale yopangidwa moyenera, imapangidwa bwino ndi minyewa yokhala ndi zaka komanso shuga ya magazi imakwera. Amakhulupiriranso kuti mukatenga magazi kuchokera mu chala kapena mu mtsempha, zotsatira zake zimasinthira pang'ono, kotero kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a venous kumachulukitsidwa pang'ono, pafupifupi 12%.
Pafupifupi magazi a venous ndi 3.5-6.1, ndipo kuyambira chala - capillary 3.5-5.5. Kuti muwone ngati wodwala amayamba ndi matenda ashuga - kuyezetsa magazi kamodzi kokha sikokwanira, muyenera kupitiliza kuwunikira kangapo ndikuwayerekeza ndi zomwe wodwalayo angakuwuzeni ndi zina.
- Mulimonsemo, ngati mulingo wa glucose m'magazi kuyambira chala ndikuyamba 5.6 mpaka 6.1 mmol / l (kuchokera kumitsempha 6.1-7) - uku ndiye kusungunuka kwa shuga kapena matenda osokoneza bongo
- Ngati kuchokera m'mitsempha - oposa 7.0 mmol / l, kuchokera chala chachikulu kuposa 6.1 - chifukwa chake, ndi matenda a shuga.
- Ngati shuga ali m'munsi mwa 3.5, amalankhula za hypoglycemia, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kwamoyo komanso kwachilengedwe.
Kuyesedwa kwa shuga kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chidziwitso cha matendawa, komanso ngati kuwunika kwa mankhwalawa ndikulipira matenda ashuga. Ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kapena osaposa 10 mmol / l masana, mtundu 1 wa shuga umatengedwa ngati woloza. Kwa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga, njira zoyeserera kulipira ndizolimba - shuga wamagazi sayenera kupitilira 6 mmol / L pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndipo osapitirira 8.25 mmol / L masana.
Kutembenuza mmol / L kukhala mg / dl = mmol / L * 18.02 = mg / dl.
Zizindikiro za shuga wambiri
Ngati wodwalayo ali ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi, monga:
- Kutopa, kufooka, mutu
- Kuchepetsa thupi ndi chidwi chowonjezera
- Pakamwa pakamwa, ludzu losalekeza
- Kukoka mobwerezabwereza ndi kuphatikiza, makamaka mawonekedwe - kukodza usiku
- Maonekedwe a zilonda zapakhungu pakhungu, zovuta kuchiritsa zilonda zam'mimba, zilonda, mabala osachiritsika osachiritsika komanso zipsera
- Kuchepa kwapakati pa chitetezo chokwanira, kuzizira pafupipafupi, kuchepa kwa ntchito
- Maonekedwe a kuyabwa m'goli, kumaliseche
- Mawonedwe akuchepera, makamaka mwa anthu okulirapo zaka 50.
Izi zitha kukhala zizindikilo za shuga wambiri. Ngakhale munthu atakhala ndi zina mwazizindikiro zomwe zalembedwa, kuyezetsa shuga wamagazi kuyenera kuchitika. Ngati wodwalayo ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga - matenda obadwa nawo, m'badwo, kunenepa kwambiri, matenda a kapamba, ndi ena otero, ndiye kuti kuyezetsa magazi kamodzi pa mtengo wabwinobwino sikumapatula mwayi womwe ungakhalepo ndi matenda, popeza matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri samayang'aniridwa. asymptomatic, osakhazikika.
Mukawunika kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimaganizira zaka, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti pali zotsatirapo zabodza. Kuti mutsimikizire kapena kukana kuwunika kwa wodwala yemwe alibe zizindikiro za matendawa, ndikofunika kuti ayese mayeso owonjezera a shuga, mwachitsanzo, kuyezetsa magazi komwe kumachitika ndi shuga.
Kuyesedwa kwa shuga kwa glucose kumachitika kuti mudziwe njira yomwe imayambira matenda a shuga kapenanso kudziwa malabsorption syndrome ndi hypoglycemia. Ngati wodwalayo atsimikiza kulekerera kwa glucose, ndiye kuti mu 50% ya izi zimabweretsa matenda osokoneza bongo kwa zaka 10, 25% vutoli silinasinthe, 25% imazimiririka.
Mayeso a kulolera a glucose
Madokotala amayesa kuti adziwe kulolera kwa glucose. Iyi ndi njira yolondola yodziwira zovuta zaposachedwa komanso zowonekera za kagayidwe kazakudya, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda ashuga. Komanso zimakupatsani mwayi woti mumvetse bwino za matendawa ndi zotsatira zoyipa za mayeso wamba a shuga. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuzindikira mitundu iyi ya odwala:
- Mwa anthu opanda zizindikiritso za magazi okwanira, koma ndimomwe amapezeka shuga mkodzo.
- Kwa anthu omwe alibe zizindikiro za matenda ashuga, koma ndi zizindikiro za polyuria - kuchuluka kwamikodzo patsiku, kuthamanga kwamagazi a shuga.
- Kuchulukitsa shuga kwa mkodzo azimayi panthawi yoyembekezera, odwala omwe ali ndi chithokomiro, komanso matenda a chiwindi.
- Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, koma amakhala ndi magazi abwinobwino ndipo alibe shuga mkodzo wawo.
- Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la chibadwa, koma wopanda zizindikilo za shuga.
- Amayi ndi ana awo obadwa ndilemera kwambiri, woposa 4 kg.
- Komanso odwala retinopathy, neuropathy yachilendo osadziwika.
Kuti ayese mayeso okhudzana ndi shuga, wodwalayo amayambitsidwa pamimba yopanda magazi, ndiye kuti wodwalayo amamwa magalamu 75 a shuga omwe amathandizidwa ndi tiyi wofunda. Kwa ana, mlingo umawerengeredwa potengera kulemera kwa 1.75 g / kg pa kulemera kwa mwanayo. Kutsimikiza kwa kulolera kwa glucose kumachitika pambuyo pa maola 1 ndi 2, madokotala ambiri amawona kuchuluka kwa glycemia pambuyo pa ola limodzi la glucose kudya kukhala zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.
Kuyesedwa kwa kulolera kwa glucose mwa anthu athanzi komanso odwala matenda a shuga kumawonetsedwa pagome, mmol / l.
Zotsatira | magazi a capillary | magazi a venous |
Norm | ||
Kuthamanga magazi mayeso | 3,5-5,5 | 3,5 -6,1 |
Mukatha kudya shuga (pambuyo maola 2) kapena mutatha kudya | zosakwana 7.8 | zosakwana 7.8 |
Matenda a shuga | ||
Pamimba yopanda kanthu | kuyambira 5.6 mpaka 6.1 | kuyambira 6.1 mpaka 7 |
Pambuyo pa shuga kapena mutatha kudya | 7,8-11,1 | 7,8-11,1 |
Matenda a shuga | ||
Pamimba yopanda kanthu | zopitilira 6.1 | opitilira 7 |
Pambuyo pa shuga kapena mutatha kudya | opitilira 11, 1 | opitilira 11, 1 |
Kenako, kuti mupeze mkhalidwe wa metabolism ya carbohydrate, ma coefficients awiri ayenera kuwerengedwa:
- Hyperglycemic Chizindikiro ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'mawa umodzi pambuyo poti shuga ayambe kusala magazi. Zowonjezera siziyenera kupitirira 1.7.
- Hypoglycemic Chizindikiro ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi patatha maola awiri shuga atatha kuyeza magazi chifukwa cha kusala shuga, muyezo uyenera kukhala wochepera 1, 3.
Ma coefficients amayenera kuwerengedwa moyenera, chifukwa pali nthawi zina pomwe wodwala sawonetsa zonyansa pazofunikira zonse pambuyo poyeserera kulolera kwa glucose, ndipo kufunika kwa imodzi mwazomwezi ndizopamwamba kuposa zomwe zimachitika. Pankhaniyi, zotsatira zake zimayesedwa ngati zonyozeka, ndipo munthuyu ali pachiwopsezo cha mtundu wina wa matenda a shuga.
Kodi glycated hemoglobin ndi chiyani?
Kuyambira mu 2010, bungwe la American Diabetes Association lalimbikitsa kuti glycated hemoglobin adziwe matenda a shuga. Iyi ndiye hemoglobin yomwe shuga wa m'magazi imagwirizanitsidwa. Anayeza%% ya hemoglobin yonse, yotchedwa kusanthula - mulingo wa hemoglobin HbA1C. Izi ndizofanana kwa akulu ndi ana.
Kuyesa kwa magazi kumeneku kumawerengedwa kuti ndiwodalirika komanso kosavuta kwa wodwala ndi madokotala:
- magazi amapereka nthawi iliyonse - osati pamimba yopanda kanthu
- njira yolondola komanso yosavuta
- osamwa shuga komanso 2 maola akudikirira
- Zotsatira za kusanthula kumeneku sizikhudzidwa ndimankhwala, kupezeka kwa chimfine, matenda a ma virus, komanso kupsinjika kwa wodwala (kupsinjika ndi kupezeka kwa matenda mthupi kungakhudze mayeso abwinobwino a shuga)
- Zimathandizira kudziwa ngati wodwala matenda a shuga adatha kuwongolera bwino magazi m'miyezi itatu yapitayo.
Zoyipa pakusanthula kwa HbA1C ndi:
- kusinthidwa mtengo kwambiri
- okhala ndi mahomoni ochepa a chithokomiro - zotsatira zake zingakhale zochulukirapo
- Odwala omwe ali ndi hemoglobin wochepa, wokhala ndi magazi - zotsatira zake zimapotozedwa
- sikuti zipatala zonse zimakhala ndi mayeso ofanana
- zimaganiziridwa, koma osatsimikiziridwa, kuti mukamamwa Mlingo wambiri wa vitamini E kapena C, kuchepa kwake kumachepa
Mitundu ya glycated hemoglobin
oposa 6.5% | kuzindikira - matenda a shuga mellitus (koyambirira), kuwunika ndi kuyesa kowonjezera kumafunikira |
6,1-6,4% | Chiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda ashuga (prediabetes), muyenera kusinthira kuzakudya zama carb ochepa (onani zakudya za matenda ashuga) |
5,7-6,0 | Palibe matenda ashuga pano, koma owopsa |
zosakwana 5.7 | Chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga ndi chochepa |
Shuga 5.0 - 6.0
Magazi a shuga m'magawo a magawo a 5.0-6.0 amawonedwa kuti ndivomerezeka. Pakadali pano, adotolo atha kukhala osamala ngati mayesowo achokera ku 5.6 mpaka 6.0 mmol / lita, chifukwa izi zitha kuyimira kukula kwa matenda omwe amatchedwa prediabetes
- Mitengo yovomerezeka mwa achikulire athanzi imatha kuyambira 3,89 mpaka 5.83 mmol / lita.
- Kwa ana, kuyambira 3,3 mpaka 5,5 mmol / lita amadziwika kuti ndiamakhalidwe.
- Zaka za ana ndizofunikanso kuziganizira: mwa ana obadwa kumene mpaka mwezi umodzi, zizindikirozo zitha kukhala pamtunda kuchokera pa 2.8 mpaka 4,4 mmol / lita, mpaka zaka 14, zomwe zidziwitsozi zikuchokera pa 3,3 mpaka 5.6 mmol / lita.
- Ndikofunika kulingalira kuti ndi zaka izi zomwe deta iyi imakhala yokwera, chifukwa chake, kwa okalamba kuyambira azaka 60, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kukhala okwera kuposa 5.0-6.0 mmol / lita, yomwe imawerengedwa ngati yofala.
- Nthawi yapakati, azimayi amatha kuchuluka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mahomoni. Kwa amayi apakati, zotsatira za kusanthula kuchokera pa 3.33 mpaka 6.6 mmol / lita imawoneka ngati yachilendo.
Mukayezetsa magazi a venous glucose, kuchuluka kwake kumawonjezeka ndi 12 peresenti. Chifukwa chake, ngati kusanthula kumachitika kuchokera m'mitsempha, zowerengera zimatha kukhala pakati pa 3.5 mpaka 6.1 mmol / lita.
Komanso Zizindikiro zimatha kusiyanasiyana ngati mutatenga magazi athunthu kuchokera ku chala, mtsempha kapena madzi a m'magazi. Mwa anthu athanzi, plasma glucose average 6.1 mmol / lita.
Ngati mayi woyembekezera amatenga magazi kuchokera chala pamimba yopanda kanthu, kuchuluka kwa deta kumatha kusintha kuchokera 3.3 mpaka 5.8 mmol / lita. Pakufufuza magazi a venous, zizindikiro zimatha kuchoka pa 4.0 mpaka 6.1 mmol / lita.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti nthawi zina, motsogozedwa ndi zinthu zina, shuga amatha kuchuluka kwakanthawi.
Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa:
- Ntchito yakuthupi kapena maphunziro,
- Ntchito yayitali ya malingaliro
- Mantha, mantha kapena vuto.
Kuphatikiza pa matenda ashuga, matenda monga:
- Kukhalapo kwa kuwawa ndi kupweteketsa mtima,
- Acute myocardial infaration,
- Matenda a ziwalo
- Kukhalapo kwa matenda oyaka
- Kuvulala kwa ubongo
- Opaleshoni
- Khunyu
- Kupezeka kwa matenda a chiwindi,
- Zovuta ndi kuvulala.
Nthawi yayitali pambuyo pake pazomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziyambe kupweteka, mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo umayamba kukhala wabwinobwino.
Kuwonjezeka kwa glucose m'thupi kumalumikizidwa nthawi zambiri osati kokha chifukwa chakuti wodwalayo adya chakudya chamafuta ambiri, komanso ndi katundu wakuthwa kwambiri. Minofu ikalemedwa, imafunikira mphamvu.
Glycogen m'misempha amasinthidwa kukhala glucose ndikukutulutsa m'magazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kenako shuga amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazolinga zake, ndipo shuga pakapita kanthawi amabwerera mwakale.
Shuga 6.1 - 7.0
Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti mwa anthu athanzi labwino, momwe glucose amathandizira m'magazi a capillary samachulukanso kuposa 6.6 mmol / lita. Popeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kuchokera chala kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa kuchokera kumitsempha, magazi a venous ali ndi zizindikiro zosiyana - kuchokera pa 4.0 mpaka 6.1 mmol / lita pa mtundu uliwonse wa kafukufuku.
Ngati shuga wamagazi pamimba yopanda kanthu ndioposa 6.6 mmol / lita, dokotala nthawi zambiri amadzazindikira matenda a prediabetes, omwe ndi vuto lalikulu la metabolic. Ngati simukuyesetsa kusintha thanzi lanu, wodwala atha kudwala matenda ashuga a 2.
Ndi prediabetes, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu kuchokera pa 5.5 mpaka 7.0 mmol / lita, hemoglobin ya glycated imachokera ku 5.7 mpaka 6.4 peresenti. Ola limodzi kapena awiri atatha kumeza, deta yoyesa magazi imachokera pa 7.8 mpaka 11.1 mmol / lita. Chimodzi mwazizindikiro zake ndizokwanira kuzindikira matendawa.
Kuti atsimikizire matendawo, wodwalayo:
- yeretsani magazi kachiwiri,
- yesani kuyeserera kwa shuga,
- fufuzani magazi a glycosylated hemoglobin, chifukwa njira imeneyi ndiyo njira yolondola kwambiri yopezera matenda a shuga.
Komanso, zaka za wodwalayo zimaganiziridwanso, chifukwa mu ukalamba deta kuyambira 4,6 mpaka 6,4 mmol / lita imadziwika kuti ndi yofunikira.
Mwambiri, kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa amayi apakati sikuwonetsa kuphwanyidwa kwachidziwikire, komanso imakhala nthawi yodandaula za thanzi lawo komanso thanzi la mwana wosabadwa.
Ngati pa mimba ndende ya shuga imachuluka kwambiri, izi zitha kuonetsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga a latent. Zikakhala pachiwopsezo, mayi wapakati amalembetsa, pambuyo pake amapatsidwa kuyesedwa kwa magazi ndi kuyesedwa ndi katundu wololera shuga.
Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a amayi apakati kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa 6.7 mmol / lita, mzimayi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda a shuga. Pazifukwa izi, muyenera kufunsa dokotala ngati mkazi ali ndi zizindikiro monga:
- Kumva pakamwa lowuma
- Udzu wokhazikika
- Kukodza pafupipafupi
- Kumva njala mosalekeza
- Maonekedwe a mpweya wabwino
- Mapangidwe azitsulo amakomedwe amkamwa,
- Maonekedwe ofooka pafupipafupi ndi kutopa kwapafupipafupi,
- Kupsinjika kwa magazi kumakwera.
Kuti mupewe kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga, muyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala pafupipafupi, mayeso onse ofunikira. Ndikofunikanso kuti musaiwale za moyo wathanzi, ngati kuli kotheka, pewani kudya pafupipafupi zakudya zokhala ndi index yayikulu ya glycemic, yayikulu mu chakudya chosavuta, chakudya.
Ngati njira zonse zofunikira zimatengedwa munthawi yake, pakati pamadutsa popanda mavuto, mwana wathanzi komanso wamphamvu adzabadwa.
Shuga 7.1 - 8.0
Ngati zizindikiro zam'mawa m'mimba yopanda munthu wamkulu ndi 7.0 mmol / lita ndi kukwera, adokotala atha kufunsa kuti pali shuga.
Pankhaniyi, deta ya shuga yamagazi, mosasamala kanthu za kudya ndi nthawi, imatha kufika 11.0 mmol / lita ndi kukwera.
Zikachitika kuti mankhwalawo ali pakati pa 7.0 mpaka 8.0 mmol / lita, pomwe palibe chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha matendawa, ndipo adokotala akukayikira kuti amupeza, wodwalayo amayesedwa kuti akayeze ndi katundu wololera shuga.
- Kuti muchite izi, wodwalayo amayesa magazi magazi am'mimba yopanda kanthu.
- 75 magalamu a shuga wopanda mchere amatsitsidwa ndi madzi mugalasi, ndipo wodwalayo ayenera kumwa yankho lake.
- Kwa maola awiri, wodwalayo ayenera kupumula, simuyenera kudya, kumwa, kusuta komanso kusuntha mwachangu. Kenako amatenga kuyesanso kwachiwiri kwa shuga.
Chiyeso chofananira cha kulolera kwa glucose ndizovomerezeka kwa amayi apakati pakatikati. Ngati, malinga ndi zotsatira za kusanthula, zizindikirazi zikuchokera ku 7.8 mpaka 11.1 mmol / lita, akukhulupirira kuti kulekerera kumalephera, ndiye kuti, chidwi cha shuga chimakulitsidwa.
Pamene kusanthula kukuwonetsa zotsatira pamwambapa 11.1 mmol / lita, matenda ashuga amapezeka.
Gulu lomwe likuyika chiopsezo cha matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri ndi monga:
- Anthu onenepa kwambiri
- Odwala omwe amakhala ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi a 140/90 mm Hg kapena kupitirira
- Anthu omwe ali ndi cholesterol yokwanira kuposa zabwinobwino
- Amayi omwe adapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda a shuga panthawi ya pakati, komanso omwe mwana wawo ali ndi kubadwa kwa kilogalamu 4.5 kapena kuposerapo.
- Odwala ndi polycystic ovary
- Anthu omwe ali ndi chibadwa chokhala ndi matenda ashuga.
Pazifukwa zilizonse zowopsa, ndikofunikira kuyesedwa magazi kamodzi pachaka chilichonse, kuyambira zaka za 45.
Ana onenepa opitirira zaka 10 ayeneranso kufufuzidwa pafupipafupi kuti apeze shuga.
Shuga 8.1 - 9.0
Ngati katatu mu mzere kuyesedwa kwa shuga kwawonetsa zotsatira zochulukirapo, adotolo amazindikira mtundu wa shuga wa mtundu woyamba kapena wachiwiri. Ngati matendawa ayamba, kuchuluka kwa glucose kudzapezeka, kuphatikizapo mkodzo.
Kuphatikiza pa kuchepetsa mankhwala, odwala amapatsidwa mankhwala okhwima. Ngati zidzachitike kuti shuga amakwera kwambiri pambuyo chakudya chamadzulo ndipo zotsatirazi zimapitilira mpaka pogona, muyenera kukonzanso zakudya zanu. Mwambiri, mbale zazikulu zamakatoni zomwe zimaphatikizidwa mu shuga mellitus zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zoterezi zitha kuchitika ngati tsiku lonse munthu sanadye mokwanira, ndipo atafika kunyumba madzulo, amapira chakudya ndikudya kwambiri.
Pankhaniyi, pofuna kupewa kuchulukana ndi shuga, madokotala amalimbikitsa kudya momwemonso tsiku lonse magawo ang'onoang'ono. Njala siyiyenera kuloledwa, ndipo zakudya zamafuta ambiri siziyenera kuperekedwa kuchakudya chamadzulo.
Shuga 9.1 - 10
Magazi a shuga m'magazi a 9,0 mpaka 10,0 amaonedwa kuti ndi gawo lamtengo wapatali. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa deta pamlingo wa 10 mmol / lita, impso ya munthu wodwala matenda ashuga satha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Zotsatira zake, shuga amayamba kudziunjikira mu mkodzo, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa glucosuria.
Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zakudya zamagalimoto kapena insulin, chamoyo cha matenda ashuga sichilandira mphamvu yofunikira kuchokera ku glucose, chifukwa chake mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa "mafuta" omwe amafunikira. Monga mukudziwa, matupi a ketone amakhala ngati zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa chifukwa chakuchepa kwa maselo amafuta. Magazi a glucose akafika magawo 10, impso zimayesetsa kuchotsa shuga wambiri m'thupi monga zinthu zonyansa limodzi ndi mkodzo.
Chifukwa chake, kwa odwala matenda ashuga, omwe mafuta amtundu wa shuga okhala ndi miyeso ingapo ya magazi ndi apamwamba kuposa 10 mmol / lita, ndikofunikira kuti muzipita mu urinalysis kuti pakhale zinthu za ketone mmenemo. Pachifukwa ichi, zingwe zapadera zoyesa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, pomwe kupezeka kwa acetone mumkodzo kumatsimikiziridwa.
Komanso, kafukufuku wotere amachitika ngati munthu, kuwonjezera pa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa mamililita 10 / lita, kumva bwino, kutentha kwake kwa thupi kumakulirakulira, pomwe wodwalayo amamva kuwawa, komanso kusanza kumawonedwa. Zizindikiro zoterezi zimapangitsa kuti chizindikiridwe cha nthawi ya matenda a shuga chikule komanso kupewa matenda a shuga.
Mukamachepetsa shuga ndimagazi ochepetsa shuga, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kapena insulini, kuchuluka kwa acetone mu mkodzo kumachepa, komanso kugwira ntchito kwa wodwalayo ndikuchita bwino kwambiri.
Shuga 10.1 - 20
Ngati matenda ocheperapo a hyperglycemia akapezeka ndi shuga m'magazi kuyambira 8 mpaka 10 mmol / lita, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kuchokera pa 10,1 mpaka 16 mmol / lita, pafupifupi digiriyo kumatsimikiziridwa, pamtunda wa 16-20 mmol / lita, digiri yayikulu yamatenda.
Kugawidwa kwapachibale kumeneku kulipo kuti athandize madotolo omwe akuwoneka kuti ali ndi hyperglycemia. Chiyero chochepa komanso chowopsa chikuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwa matenda osokoneza bongo, chifukwa cha zovuta zamtundu uliwonse zimawonedwa.
Gawani zizindikiro zazikulu zomwe zikusonyeza shuga wambiri wamafuta kuchokera pa 10 mpaka 20 mmol / lita:
- Wodwalayo amakumana ndi kukodza pafupipafupi; shuga amapezeka mu mkodzo. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga mumkodzo, zovala zamkati mwa maliseche zimakhala zodetsa nkhawa.
- Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kutaya kwamadzi ambiri kudzera mkodzo, wodwalayo amamva ludzu lamphamvu komanso losatha.
- Kukhazikika nthawi zonse mkamwa, makamaka usiku.
- Wodwala nthawi zambiri amakhala woopsa, wofooka komanso wotopa msanga.
- Wodwala matenda ashuga amataya thupi kwambiri.
- Nthawi zina munthu amamva mseru, kusanza, kupweteka mutu, kutentha thupi.
Chomwe chikuchitika ndi izi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin mthupi kapena kulephera kwa maselo kuchitapo kanthu pa insulin kuti mugwiritse ntchito shuga.
Pakadali pano, cholowa cha impso chimadutsa kuposa 10 mmol / lita, chimatha kufika 20 mmol / lita, glucose amamuchotsa mkodzo, womwe umayambitsa kukodza pafupipafupi.
Matendawa amachititsa kuti madzi atha kukhala chinyezi komanso izi, ndipo izi ndizomwe zimayambitsa ludzu la matenda ashuga. Pamodzi ndi amadzimadzi, osati shuga wokha yemwe amatuluka m'thupi, komanso mitundu yonse yazinthu zofunika, monga potaziyamu, sodium, chloride, chifukwa, munthu amayamba kufooka kwambiri ndikuchepera thupi.
Mukakhala ndi shuga m'magazi ambiri, njira zomwe zili pamwambazi zimachitika mwachangu.
Mwazi wa Magazi Pamwamba pa 20
Ndi zizindikiro zotere, wodwalayo amamva zizindikiro zamphamvu za hypoglycemia, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kusazindikira. Kukhalapo kwa acetone wopatsidwa 20 mmol / lita imodzi ndikutalika kumadziwika mosavuta ndi fungo. Ichi ndi chizindikiro choonekeratu kuti matenda a shuga sawalipidwa ndipo munthuyu ali pafupi kumwalira ndi matenda ashuga.
Dziwani mavuto owopsa mthupi lanu pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- Zotsatira zamagazi okwanira 20 mmol / lita,
- Kununkhira kosasangalatsa kwa acetone kumamveka pakamwa pake,
- Munthu amatopa msanga ndipo amakhala ndi vuto losatha,
- Pali mutu wambiri,
- Wodwalayo amataya mwadzidzidzi chakudya chake ndipo amadana ndi chakudya chomwe chaperekedwa,
- Pali ululu m'mimba
- Munthu wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kumva kuti akusowa, kusanza ndikutulutsa zonyansa,
- Wodwalayo amamva kupuma kwambiri.
Ngati zizindikiro zitatu zomaliza zapezeka, muyenera kufunsa kuchipatala msanga.
Ngati zotsatira za kuyezetsa magazi ndizapamwamba kuposa 20 mmol / lita, zochitika zonse zolimbitsa thupi siziyenera kuphatikizidwa. Muzochitika zotere, katundu pamtima wamtima amatha kuchulukana, komwe kuphatikiza ndi hypoglycemia kumakhala kowopsa thanzi. Nthawi yomweyo, masewera olimbitsa thupi angayambitse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ndende ya glucose pamtunda wa 20 mmol / lita, chinthu choyambirira chomwe chimachotsedwa ndichomwe chimapangitsa chiwonetsero chakuthwa komanso kuchuluka kwa insulin kumayambitsidwa. Mutha kuchepetsa shuga wam'magazi kuchokera pa 20 mmol / lita kukhala yachilendo pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zama carb ochepa, zomwe zimayandikira kuchuluka kwa 5.3-6.0 mmol / lita.
Kuyesa kwa glucose
Zoyenera kuchita ngati shuga wa magazi apezeka wapamwamba kuposa kale? Pofuna kukhazikitsa matenda omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kapena mitundu yake yam'mimba, kumayesedwa komwe kumayesa chakudya. Nthawi zambiri, kukhathamira kwa shuga m'zakudya zokhala ndi zomanga thupi, kutulutsa kwa insulin kumayamba.
Ngati ndikwanira komanso momwe ma cell receptor amakhalira, ndiye kuti maola awiri atatha kudya glucose ali mkati mwa maselo, ndipo glycemia ili pamlingo wazikhalidwe. Ndi kuchepa kwamtundu kapena insulin kwathunthu, magaziwo amakhalapo amadzaza ndi glucose, ndipo minofu yake imakhala ndi njala.
Pogwiritsa ntchito phunziroli, ndizotheka kuzindikira magawo oyamba a shuga mellitus, komanso kulekerera kwa glucose, komwe kumatha kutha kapena kusintha kukhala shuga weniweni. Kuyesedwa kotereku kumawonetsedwa mu izi:
- Palibe zizindikiro za hyperglycemia, koma shuga mkodzo, kuwonjezeka tsiku ndi tsiku diuresis kunapezeka.
- Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga kumawonekera pathupi, pambuyo pa matenda a chiwindi kapena chithokomiro.
- Mankhwala osakhalitsa okhala ndi mankhwala a mahomoni anachitika.
- Pali cholowa chobadwa nacho cha matenda ashuga, koma palibe chizindikiro cha izo.
- Amadziwika ndi polyneuropathy, retinopathy kapena nephropathy osadziwika.
Mayeso asanaikidwe, sizikulimbikitsidwa kusintha magonedwe kapena kusintha magawo olimbitsa thupi. Phunziroli litha kubwezeretsedwanso nthawi ina ngati wodwala atadwala matenda opatsirana kapena povulala, kutaya magazi kwambiri patatsala pang'ono kuyesedwa.
Patsiku losonkhanitsa magazi, simusuta, ndipo tsiku lotsatira mayeso simumamwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa. Mankhwalawa akuyenera kuvomerezeredwa ndi adotolo omwe adapereka zomwe zithandizidwa kuti aphunzire. Muyenera kubwera ku labotale m'mawa mutatha kusala kudya kwa maola 8-10, simuyenera kumwa tiyi, khofi kapena zakumwa zotsekemera.
Kuyesaku kumachitika motere: amatenga magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu, kenako wodwalayo amamwa 75 g shuga mwanjira yankho. Pambuyo pa maola awiri, kuyesedwa kwa magazi kumabwerezedwa. Matenda a shuga amawonedwa ngati atsala pang'ono kudya glycemia (magazi a venous) ndi apamwamba kuposa 7 mmol / L, ndipo maola awiri atatha shuga wambiri kuposa 11.1 mmol / L.
Mwa anthu athanzi, izi zimatsika, motsatana - mayesedwe asanakwane kufika 6.1 mmol / l, ndipo atatha 7.8 mmol / l. Zisonyezo zonse pakati pa chizolowezi ndi matenda a shuga zimawunikidwa ngati boma la prediabetes.
Odwala oterewa amawonetsedwa ngati mankhwala a shuga ndi shuga woletsedwa, zopangidwa ndi mafuta a nyama. Zakudyazo ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi masamba, nsomba, nsomba zam'madzi, mafuta amkaka otsika, mafuta a masamba. Pokonzekera zakumwa ndi zakudya zotsekemera pogwiritsa ntchito zotsekemera.