Mu okalamba, matenda a shuga: chithandizo ndi zakudya

Matenda Aakulu Kwa Okalamba: Tsambali likukuwuzani zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa. Onani zomwe zimayambitsa, Zizindikiro ndi matendawa, ndipo koposa zonse, njira za chithandizo chake. Dziwani mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zovuta za shuga zimayambitsa muukalamba. Pambuyo pake, mudzakhala ndi chilimbikitso chotsatira regimen ndikukhala ndi shuga wamagazi anu. Dr. Bernstein ndi tsamba la Endocrin-Patient.Com amaphunzitsa momwe angasungire shuga kwa maola 3.9-5.5 mmol / L maola 24 patsiku. Ili ndiye mulingo wa anthu athanzi. Kuti mukwaniritse, simuyenera kufa ndi njala, kusewera masewera opweteka, kumwa mapiritsi okwera mtengo komanso oyipa, jekeseni mahatchi a insulin.

Matenda Aakulu Kwa Okalamba: Nkhani Yatsatanetsatane

Osachepera 20% ya anthu azaka zopitilira 65 amadwala matenda a shuga. Awa ndi mamiliyoni a odwala. Amapereka ntchito kwa madokotala ochizira matenda amtima, mavuto ndi miyendo, maso ndi impso. Phunzirani pansipa za njira zopewera kugwiritsa ntchito shuga. Gwiritsani ntchito izi kuti musavutike ndi zovuta. Njira yothandizira odwala matenda amtundu wa 2 ndi yoyenera kwa okalamba. Malangizo a Dr. Bernstein atha kuchitika ngakhale ndi anthu omwe agwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso, makamaka othandizira.

Kodi ndimatenda ati a shuga okalamba omwe ali okalamba?

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga okalamba nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'mazira, zofanana ndi zizindikiro zofala za ukalamba. Chifukwa cha izi, osachepera theka la anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe satha kudziwa sakadwala. Pokhala mumdima, samalamulira kagayidwe ka glucose konse. Kuchiza odwala matenda ashuga okalamba kumawerengedwa kuti ndi ntchito yovuta kuposa kuwongolera kagayidwe kazakudya kwa anthu azaka zapakati. Njira zakuchiritsa zimakambidwa mwatsatanetsatane patsamba lino.

Pambuyo pakupuma pantchito, mtundu wa chakudya nthawi zambiri umawonongeka chifukwa cha umphawi. Zakudya za anthu ochepa pantchito zimatha kupita ku chakudya chotsika mtengo, chodzaza ndi mafuta abwino. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha mtundu wa matenda ashuga a 2 okalamba. Komabe, chibadwa chamtsogolo chimagwira ntchito. Chifukwa sianthu onse omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri omwe akudwala matenda a shuga.

• moyo wongokhala, kusachita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi,
• m'malo minofu minofu,
• Vitamini D akusowa
• kumwa mankhwala omwe ali oyipa ku kagayidwe.

Ndi zaka, kuchuluka ndi mphamvu ya minofu imachepa. Ngati munthu wokalamba amakhala ndi moyo wopanda thanzi, minofu ya adipose imabwera m'malo mwa minofu yomwe imasowa. Matenda a shuga akuwonjezereka, ngakhale kulemera kungakhale kwabwinopo. Chifukwa chake, body mass index (BMI) imagwira bwino ntchito kuti iwonetsetsetsetse wa matenda ashuga a 2 mwa anthu azaka zopitilira 65. Chiwopsezo chotenga kagayidwe kakang'ono ka glucose chimakulanso chifukwa cha kudzipatula.

Zizindikiro zake

Nthawi zambiri, Zizindikiro za shuga mwa okalamba zimatengedwa ngati zizindikiro zachilengedwe za ukalamba. Zikatero, odwala, kapena abale awo sakudziwa kuti akuyenera kuwunika shuga. Munthu wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kutopa, kukhumudwa kwambiri, kufooka, komanso kufooka kwa nzeru. Pangakhale mavuto ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, nthawi zambiri matenda oopsa. Odwala ena ali ndi orthostatic hypotension. Awa ndi chizungulire pafupipafupi komanso kukomoka mukamadzuka pamalo abodza kapena pampando.

Chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga ndi ludzu lalikulu. Zimachitika chifukwa chakuti impso zimayesetsa kupaka shuga wowonjezera mkodzo. Komabe, odwala matenda ashuga okalamba, malo omwe ubongo umakhala ndi madzi nthawi zambiri umagwira ntchito ndi zowonongeka.Chifukwa cha izi, kumva ludzu kumatha ngakhale kutayika thupi kwambiri. Odwala pang'onopang'ono amazolowera kupuma pakamwa. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi khungu louma. Nthawi zambiri, dokotala amakafunsidwa pokhapokha magazi atatha, kukwiya, chisokonezo, kukwiya, kapena wodwala matenda ashuga agwa.

Matenda pafupipafupi omwe amawonjezera zomwe akuwona pa chithunzi chonse:

• atherosulinosis - zotengera zomwe zimadyetsa miyendo, mtima, ubongo zimakhudzidwa,
• matenda a mafupa
• chithokomiro chosokoneza.

Matenda a diabetesic neuropathy (kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo lamanjenje) amatha kuyambitsa zizindikiro zingapo. Werengani zambiri za iwo apa. Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino ndi dzanzi m'miyendo, kuchepa kwa mphamvu. Pafupipafupi, osati dzanzi, koma kupweteka m'miyendo. Kuchepa mphamvu ndi kuchepa mphamvu kwa chidwi kumatchedwa chizizindikiro chongokhala, ndipo ululu umagwira. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amakonda kudandaula za kupweteka, ngakhale kuti kugona kumakhala koopsa chifukwa kumawonjezera chiopsezo chodulidwa phazi kapena mwendo wonse.

Kodi kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga a mtundu 2 ndi okalamba ndi kotani?

Matenda a shuga ndi omwe amafa mwa anthu okalamba, omwe ali nambala No. 6 pakukula. Komabe, ziwerengero zaimfa za zovuta za shuga siziphatikizapo anthu omwe amwalira ndi vuto la mtima kapena stroke. Koma matendawa nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa glucose metabolism, omwe ankawagwiritsa ntchito molakwika kapena analibe nthawi yoti adziwe matenda aliwonse pamoyo wa wodwalayo.

Ngati tisintha masinthidwe amtima wamtundu ndi sitiroko, zimapezeka kuti matenda ashuga amayambitsa osachepera ⅓ amafa onse pakati pa okalamba. Kuchiza moyenera komanso panthawi yake matendawa kumatenga nthawi yayitali pofika zaka 5 mpaka 10, komanso kupititsa patsogolo thanzi lake ndikutchinjiriza kulumala.

Matenda a shuga angayambitse khungu, kumayambitsa mwendo mpaka kumadulidwa, komanso mavuto ena ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kulephera kusunthira phewa lakumanja kapena lamanzere chifukwa cha ziwalo zamitsempha zomwe zimayendetsa minofu ya phewa.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amawopa kwambiri kumeta komanso kuduladula miyendo. Mwina kulephera kwa impso ndi vuto linanso lalikulu. Anthu omwe impso zawo zalephera amayenera kuyesedwa kapena kuyang'ana woperekera thandizo.

Matenda a shuga operewera bwino amathandizira kukulitsa kwa systemic atherosulinosis. Mapangidwe a atherosclerotic amakhudza ziwiya zomwe zimadyetsa miyendo, mtima, ndi ubongo. Odwala ambiri, matenda abwinoko kapena odwala omwe sanam'thandize bwino amapangitsa kuti afe msanga chifukwa cha vuto la mtima kapena sitiroko. Chifukwa chaichi, sikuti aliyense ayenera kukumana ndi zovuta mu impso, maso ndi miyendo.

M'mayiko a azungu, odwala matenda ashuga okalamba omwe ali ndi zilema amayikidwa m'malo operekera chithandizo chapadera. Izi zimayika katundu wolemera pachuma. M'mayiko olankhula Chirasha, odwala oterowo nthawi zambiri amawasiyira zida zawo.

Vuto lalikulu la matenda ashuga okalamba 2 limatchedwa hyperosmolar coma. Matenda a chikumbumtima amatha kukula ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kukwera kwambiri nthawi 4-7 kuposa masiku ena onse. Choyambitsa chachikulu cha matenda ashuga hyperosmolar chikomoka kwambiri. Kwa odwala matenda ashuga okalamba, kumva ludzu kumakhala kosapepuka. Chifukwa cha izi, sabwezeretsa madzi osungidwa m'thupi lawo panthawi.

Momwe mungapangire msanga magazi a munthu wokalamba mwachangu komanso mosavuta.

Kuchiritsa kozizwitsa komwe kumakupatsani mwayi woti muchira mosavuta komanso mosavuta matenda ashuga kulibe. Komabe, pali nkhani zina zabwino. Njira zakuchiritsira zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa ndi tsamba la Endocrin-Patient.Com zimapereka zotsatira zabwino komanso zimakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wabwino.

Simuyenera kuchita:

1. Njala yosatha chifukwa choletsa kalori.
2. Kuti mutopetse ntchito zolimbitsa thupi.
3. Imwani mankhwala owopsa komanso okwera mtengo omwe ali ndi mavuto.
4. Saba kavalo wa insulin omwe madokotala amakhala nawo.
5. Mankhwalawa kuchokera ku hypoglycemia ndipo umachepa m'magazi am'magazi oyambitsidwa ndi mapiritsi oyipa ndi Mlingo waukulu wa insulin.
6. Patsani ndalama zomaliza kwa omwe akuchita ziwonetsero zamagetsi ndi zakudya zamagetsi zomwe zimalonjeza kuchiritsidwa kwa matenda ashuga.

Zochita zomwe zafotokozedwa patsamba lino zimathandizira kuperewera kwa glucose metabolism, komanso nthawi yomweyo matenda oopsa. Adzakutetezani osati ku zovuta ndi impso zanu, miyendo ndi maso, komanso ku vuto la mtima ndi stroke.

Kuthandiza odwala matenda ashuga kumawoneka ngati kovuta kuposa kugwira ntchito ndi magulu ena a odwala. Zinthu zotsatirazi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupeza shuga wabwino wamagazi:

• umphawi, kusowa kwa zothandizira zakuthupi komanso zoyenera kuyambira mbadwo wachinyamata,
• kusowa kwa chipiriro
• kulephera kuphunzira kudziyang'anira pawekha chifukwa cha zovuta m'maso komanso kumva,
• senile dementia.

Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti anthu achikulire amatenga mitundu ingapo ya mankhwalawa pa matenda osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi zaka. Kuonjezera mapiritsi a shuga pachidachi kumathandizanso kwambiri kuwopsa. Chifukwa mankhwala ambiri amalumikizana m'njira zovuta m'thupi la munthu. Mwa boma, vutoli lilibe yankho. Amakhulupirira kuti palibe mankhwala omwe angakhalepo osatha. Komabe, kusinthika kwa chakudya chamafuta ochepa nthawi yomweyo kumawongolera zizindikiro:

• shuga wamagazi
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• kuchuluka kwa "zabwino" komanso "zoyipa" cholesterol.

Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mwayi wochepetsa mlingo ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa katatu.

Ndi mankhwala aziti komanso mankhwala ena wowerengeka omwe amathandizira odwala matenda ashuga okalamba?

Kukhazikitsa kulowetsedwa kwa zitsamba ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo sikuthandizanso kuposa kumwa madzi oyera. Mukamamwa madzi, magazi amayamba kuchepetsedwa. Chifukwa cha izi, chizindikiro cha glucose chimachepetsedwa pang'ono. Madzi okha amathandiza pang'ono. Zigawo zina zonse za maphikidwe a wowerengeka nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda ntchito, ndipo zoyipa kwambiri, ngakhale zimakhala zovulaza. Njira zochizira matenda ashuga sizithandiza odwala, koma abale awo okha, omwe akufuna kulandira cholowa mwachangu.

Ndi zakudya ziti zomwe ndizoyenera okalamba odwala matenda ashuga? Kodi zakudya ziyenera kukhala chiyani?

Yankho lake mupeza kuti, “Zakudya za shuga.” Njira iyi yodyera siili ndi njala, koma yamtima komanso yokoma. Chifukwa chake, odwala matenda ashuga okalamba amakonda izo, monga magulu ena onse odwala. Mukasintha zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kuchuluka kwanu kwa shuga komanso thanzi labwino kumapangitsa kuti anzanu onse omwe ali ndi vuto la shuga, komanso ngakhale madokotala.

Kodi mapiritsi a shuga abwino kwambiri kwa odwala okalamba ndi ati?

Mukufuna kudziwa mankhwala omwe angatenge matenda a shuga. Ndipo uko nkulondola. Komabe, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa kuti ndi mapiritsi otchuka omwe ali ovuta kuti mugwiritse ntchito.

Nthawi zambiri, impso zimakula ndikukula. Musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala aliwonse a shuga kapena matenda ena, onani mndandanda wa mayeso omwe amayesa ntchito ya impso yanu. Tengani magazi ndi mkodzo mayeso. Fananizani zotsatira zanu ndi chikhalidwe. Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala onse amakuuzani ngati ali oyenera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la impso. Mvetsetsani nkhaniyi pamankhwala anu aliwonse.

Muyenera kuti mumamwa mankhwala othamanga magazi. Pambuyo posintha ku chakudya chamafuta ochepa, mlingo wawo umayenera kuchepetsedwa. Kupanda kutero, hypotension ikhoza kuchitika. Mankhwala ena angafunikire kuthetsedweratu. Izi sizokhumudwitsa.

Momwe mungachiritsire matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 okalamba omwe ali ndi matenda a impso?

Choyamba, muyenera kuchepetsa kuchepa kwaimpso. Yesetsani kupewa kuthana ndi dialysis kapena kuonana ndi madokotala othandizira opatsirana impso. Kuti mukwaniritse izi, khazikitsani shuga m'magazi anu ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira ya 2 yothandizira odwala matenda ashuga. Mungafunikenso kumwa mapiritsi azovuta omwe dokotala angakupatseni.

Mankhwala ena oopsa amateteza impso zanu kukhala bwino, enanso ocheperako.Werengani zambiri za kupewa ndi kuchiza matenda a matenda ashuga. Nthawi ndi nthawi mumatenga magazi ndi mkodzo mayeso omwe amalembedwako. Malangizo omwe mungatsatire kuletsa kulephera kwa impso amathandizanso kuchepetsa vuto la mtima komanso sitiroko.

Kuphatikiza pa matenda ashuga, mavuto a impso angayambike chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa miyala mwa iwo, komanso matenda. Nkhani ya chithandizo cha matenda awa yoposa tsamba lino. Odwala ambiri amatha kuchira ku matenda a pyelonephritis ngati atasankhidwa payekha maantibayotiki. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kupeza dokotala waluso, osalumikizana ndi woyamba yemwe adutsa. Komanso, kuthandiza impso, simuyenera kukhala aulesi kuti mumwe madzi okwanira. Ngakhale chifukwa cha izi muyenera kupita kuchimbudzi pafupipafupi.

Kodi ndikofunikira kumwa aspirin kuchokera kuzovuta zam'miyendo komanso kupewa mtima?

Mpaka kumayambiriro kwa 2000s, tinkakhulupirira kuti aspirin iyenera kutengedwa ndi anthu okalamba onse kuti ateteze matenda a mtima. Komabe, kafukufuku wamkulu pambuyo pake adatsutsa izi. Kutenga aspirin mu Mlingo wotsika pang'ono kumachepetsa chiopsezo chodwala mobwerezabwereza mtima, koma osati koyamba. Mankhwalawa amatha kuyambitsa mavuto m'mimba komanso ngakhale kukomoka kwa hemorrhagic. Osamatenga tsiku lililonse. Musayembekezere ndi thandizo lake kuti mudziteteze ku mapangidwe amwazi m'mitsempha.

Matendawa amatenga okalamba. Zifukwa

Malinga ndi World Health Organisation, matenda ashuga ndi amodzi mwa matenda ofala kwambiri padziko lapansi. Poyerekeza ndi 1980, kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kuwonjezeka. Choyamba, izi zimagwira ntchito kumaiko otsika ndi ochepa. Ndizomveka chifukwa chake: pamakhala kuti anthu sangakwanitse kugula zakudya zoyenera komanso zopatsa thanzi. Zakudya zawo makamaka zimakhala ndi zakudya zamatumbo ambiri, zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba ndi mapuloteni osowa.

Mukakalamba (nthawi zambiri pambuyo pa zaka 50), kutsika kwa kulekerera kwa shuga ndikwachilengedwe, popeza kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa kubisalira ndi zochita za mahomoni zimachepa. Zaka khumi zilizonse, m'magazi a shuga m'mawa mumatuluka pafupifupi 0,05 mmol / L, ndipo shuga 2 pambuyo pudya imachuluka ndi 0,4 mmol / L. Zachidziwikire, ziwerengerozi zimawerengeredwa, koma ziwerengero zimafotokoza bwino chithunzi chonse. Anthu achikulire nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda ashuga a 2 kapena omwe amadalira matenda a insulin. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimagona m'thupi komanso kudya pang'ono (kapena m'malo, zolemetsa zomwe zimatsogolera). "Thumba" lamafuta pamimba ndi gawo la endocrine dongosolo loperekedwa ndi chilengedwe. Amatchedwa mafuta a visceral kapena amimba omwe amaphimba ziwalo zamkati, kuziteteza komanso kukhala chosunga mphamvu. Koma, ngati ndichulukirapo (kupitirira 15% ya kuchuluka kwama cell onse am'mafuta), izi zimakhudza mkhalidwe wamthupi, popeza viscera imalepheretsa kusayenda kwa magazi ndi zamitsempha, zimathandizira kupanga kuperewera kwa oxygen, komwe kumadziwonetsa pokhapokha ngati zizindikiro za kulephera kwa mtima (kufupika kwa mpweya, usiku ziphuphu, etc.). Sangachotsedwe opaleshoni, ndikofunikira kuthana nawo ndi moyo wathanzi. Mafuta awa, akachuluka, amakula, amalowa ziwalo, kulowa m'maselo awo. Imalowa m'mitsempha yamagazi, imayikidwa pamakoma ndikuchepetsa lumen yawo, yomwe imatsogolera ku matenda oopsa.

Kunenepa kwambiri ngati chifukwa cha matenda ashuga

Tsopano omwe amatchedwa "akulu" shuga (mtundu 2) ayamba kuchepa. Ngakhale ana amadwala. Zikudziwikiratu chifukwa chake zikuchitika. Zakudya zopanda pake komanso kusowa kwa zochitika zimawonedwa pang'onopang'ono kwambiri. Ichi ndiye chizindikiro chosokoneza. Mabungwe azaumoyo azachipatala mmaiko onse tsopano akuyesetsa kuwonjezera ntchito yawo kuti achite izi.

Kuyang'anira odwala

Kusunga zolemba kumathandizadi kuti ntchito ya dokotala iperekenso kapena kupereka chithandizo pakadali pano, chifukwa zimawonetsa bwino matendawo komanso mphamvu za matendawa. Wodwalayo amatha nawonso, kutengera zolemba zomwe wapanga, kusanthula momwe zinthu zambiri zakhalira pa vuto lakelo, ndipo ngati zingatheke, angachite zinthu zina.

Ndemanga za Katswiri

Dobrynina Anna Grigoryevna Oyang'anira Portal

Kukhala ndi anthu okalamba nthawi zina kumabweretsa zovuta zambiri. Nthawi zina izi zimakhala mayeso kwa iwo eni komanso kwa nzika. Zimachitika kuti zaka zimakhudza thanzi, ndipo munthu wokalamba amafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala nthawi zonse, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kupanga kunyumba. Nthawi yomweyo, anthu omwe ali ndi zaka zambiri amakhala okhumudwa, akumakhala ngati chimtolo kwa achibale. Zikakhala choncho, penshoni ya okalamba imakhala njira yokhayo yopumira.

Kusankha nyumba yolowera okalamba si ntchito yophweka, muyenera kulabadira zambiri. Timamvetsetsa momwe zimakhalira zowopsa kupatsa wachibale m'manja olakwika. Koma wokondedwa wanu angafunike chisamaliro kuti simungathe kum'patsa chifukwa chosowa nthawi komanso luso. Pofuna kupatsa anthu okalamba chisamaliro chokwanira, tapanga njira yolumikizira nyumba za anthu achikulire oti "a Generation".

Takonzeka kupereka:

Chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro 24/7. Ukhondo wonse ndi chisamaliro chaukongola ndikuwunikira nthawi zonse zaumoyo.

Akatswiri odziwa ntchito. Kusamalira kozungulira kwa alendo odziwa ntchito (onse ogwira ntchito ndi nzika za Russian Federation).

Zakudya zoyenera Zakudya zisanu patsiku ndi chakudya.

Zosangalatsa zosiyanasiyana za tsiku ndi tsiku. Masewera osiyanasiyana, kumvera nyimbo ndikuonera makanema, amayenda mumlengalenga.

Ntchito payekha ya akatswiri azamisala. Zochita zamtundu waukadaulo ndi makalasi a nyimbo, masewera olimbitsa thupi, malingaliro otukuka ndi makalasi popanga maluso abwino oyendetsa galimoto

Kuyesedwa kwa sabata kwa madokotala apadera. Tili ndi akatswiri oyenerera okha.

Malo abwino komanso otetezeka. Nyumba zam'mayiko zosawerengeka, zokongola komanso mpweya wabwino. Kuthekera kopanga danga lanu momwe mungathere (kwa alendo ogona ogonera makamaka mabedi omasuka).

Maulendo ndi phwando patsiku lamankhwala. Siyani pempho - tidzapereka ndikuyika wokondedwa wanu m'nyumba yopuma pantchito tsiku lomwelo.

Onetsetsani kuti mwatithandizanso nokha: siya zomwe tikufunsani ndipo pezani masiku 10 ogona m'nyumba yama boarder yaulere!

Sankhani penshoni yabwino kuti wokondedwa wanu azikhala mwamtendere, chisamaliro komanso chikondi!

Kuchokera m'nkhaniyi muphunzira:

• Kodi machitidwe a shuga mu okalamba ndi ziti?
• Kodi ndizovuta ziti zomwe zingakhale zovuta kuzindikira matenda okalamba?
• Kodi zizindikiro ndi matenda ati a shuga mwa okalamba ndi ziti?
• Kodi chithandizo ndi kupewa matenda ashuga okalamba kuyenera kukhala chiyani?

Munthu mmodzi mwa anthu asanu alionse omwe zaka zawo zafika zaka 65 amadwala matenda a shuga. Kuphatikiza pa ma endocrinologists, matendawa amayenera kumenyedwa ndi akatswiri omwe akukhudzidwa ndi matenda a mtima, phazi komanso matenda amaso. Ndikosavuta kwa penshoni kudziwa omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, pomwe matendawa amabweretsa zovuta zambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amayambitsa kufa. Momwe mungadziwire bwino matenda a shuga mwa okalamba ndikusankha njira zamankhwala, tanena m'nkhani yathuyi.

Kodi matenda ashuga ndi chiyani?

Matenda a shuga amapezeka chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa dongosolo la endocrine. Matendawa amakhudza achinyamata ndi achikulire omwe. Pafupifupi miliyoni miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi akudwala matenda a shuga, kuchuluka kwawo kukuchuluka chaka chilichonse. Nthawi zambiri, odwala ndi okalamba odwala. Wachiwiri aliyense pantchito amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga.

Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi ndi kuchuluka kwake kosasintha kumazindikira shuga. Mavuto obwera chifukwa cha matendawo amatengera izi. Pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda ashuga:

Mtundu wa 1 wodwala insulin.

Awa ndi matenda a autoimmune omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe osatha omwe amadziwika kuti alibe insulini, zomwe zimayambitsa kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazakudya zamthupi ndi zina za kagayidwe. Nthawi zambiri, mtundu uwu umakula ubwana, unyamata, mwa anthu ochepera zaka 30. Dzina la matendawa limawonetsa kufunikira kwa wodwala insulin moyo wonse. Chifukwa chosakwanira kupanga insulini ndi kapamba, wodwalayo amamulembera jakisoni wa timadzi timeneti. Insellus yodalira matenda a shuga imapita patsogolo mwachangu, imawonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zotchulidwa. Thanzi la wodwalayo likuchepa kwambiri, thupi limasowa madzi m'thupi. Odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba wa shuga amapatsidwa insulin yamoyo wonse.

Lembani mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga osagwirizana ndi insulin.

Choyambitsa chake ndi kuchuluka kosakwanira kwa insulin receptors, zomwe zimapangitsa insulin kukana (kusazindikira maselo kuti insulini). Mtundu 2 umakula makamaka mwa anthu azaka zopitilira 40. Odwala omwe adapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda a shuga atakalamba, nthawi zambiri amawonjezera thupi. Kuti muchepetse zizindikiro kapena muchotse zotsatira zosasangalatsa za matenda osokoneza bongo a mtundu wachiwiri mwa anthu achikulire, choyambirira, muyenera kutsatira zakudya zapadera, kusintha thupi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kuti muzindikire za matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kupeza zonena zamagazi m'mayeso amkodzo ndi mkodzo.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda ofala, amakhudza pafupifupi anthu asanu mwa anthu 100 alionse m'mayiko otukuka.

Mawonekedwe a shuga mwa okalamba

Matenda a shuga ayamba kuchuluka mwa anthu opitilira zaka 50. Izi ndichifukwa chophwanya magwiridwe amtundu wam'matumbo ndi insulin. Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi ndiko chiwonetsero chachikulu cha matenda ashuga. Zotsatira zake, osmotic diuresis imayamba, yomwe imatsogolera kutha kwa madzi komanso kuchepa kwa zinthu zofunika kuziwonera. Ponena za kuchuluka pakati pa okalamba, matendawa amakhala m'gulu la omwe akutsogolera.

Zolakwika mu zakudya ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda. Nthawi zambiri anthu omwe amapuma pantchito samayang'anira zakudya zawo, amadya zakudya zomwe zimadzaza ndi mafuta. Pankhaniyi, kunenepa kwambiri kumawonekera.

Pafupifupi 40% ya anthu opitilira 65 ali ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa chakudya. Munthu wamkulu akamakhala pachiwopsezo chotengera khungu ndi insulin komanso kuchepa kwake. Kwa anthu achikulire omwe amamwa mankhwala, monga kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi (thiazides, beta-blockers), zovuta izi zimatha kupezeka.

Kuwonetsedwa kwa matenda a shuga muukalamba kumasiyana ndi zomwe zimachitika kwa achinyamata. Izi zimapangitsa kuti azindikire zovuta. Zovuta za matendawa zimadziwonekeranso mosiyanasiyana.

Maphunziro a asymptomatic ("osalankhula") amachititsa kutsimikiza kwake kukhala kovuta kwambiri. Ndi mtundu wachiwiri wokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga a 2, okalamba alibe madandaulo a shuga, samazindikira ludzu, samadandaula ndi kuyabwa komanso kuwonda.

Kufooka, kutopa, chizungulire, kusokonezeka kwa kukumbukira, ndi kusazindikira kwina ndizizindikiro zomwe zimasokoneza kuzindikira koyambirira kwa madokotala. Type 2 shuga mellitus nthawi zambiri amadziwika mukamayang'ana wodwala matenda ena. Chifukwa cha "njira" chete ya matendawa, shuga wokhudzana ndi msinkhu amadziwika kuti walumikizana ndi zovuta zam'mitsempha zomwe zimamupangitsa.

Zomwe zikuluzikulu za matenda ashuga ndizotsatirazi:

1. Kusapezeka kwa zizindikiro zotchulidwa.Pazifukwa izi, matendawa nthawi zambiri samadziwika koyambirira.
2. Kusiyana kwa zizindikiro za hypoglycemia. Muubwana, zimawonetsedwa ndi thukuta ndi tachycardia, muukalamba - ndi kufooka ndi chisokonezo.
3. Kuchepa mphamvu kwa kuthana ndi hypoglycemia (kufooketsa ntchito za machitidwe oponderezawo) kumabweretsa zotsatira zake.

Zoyambitsa matenda ashuga okalamba

Anthu akapuma pantchito chifukwa cha ndalama zochepa, zakudya zimachepa. Omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa amadzaza zakudya zawo ndimafuta abwino, amasunga chakudya chopatsa thanzi. Ichi chimakhala chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chitukuko cha matenda ashuga a mtundu 2 chikule. Koma simungathe kunyalanyaza chibadwa cha majini. Si anthu onse omwe ali ndi thupi lalikulu komanso kunenepa kwambiri omwe amapezeka ndi matenda ashuga.

Njira zina zoyambitsa matendawa:

• kumangokhala, kumangokhala
• kuchepa kwa minofu ndikusinthidwa ndi mafuta (kunenepa kwambiri)
• kusowa kwa vitamini D
• kagayidwe kachakudya matenda okhudzana ndi kumwa mankhwala.

Ndi kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi komanso kumwa mowa, kutayika kwa minofu kumachitika mofulumira. Komabe, kuchuluka kwamafuta amkati akuchulukirachulukira. Mafuta, odzikundikira m'misempha, amawachotsa.

Ngakhale kukhala ndi thupi labwino, chiwopsezo cha matenda chimakulirakulira. Mndandanda wam'mimba sangatengedwe kuti uwonetsetse tsogolo la matenda ashuga a 2 mwa anthu azaka zopitilira 65. Komanso omwe ali pachiwopsezo amakhala osiyanitsidwa ndi anthu ena.

1. Malo oyamba pakati pazomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga amapatsidwira chibadwa chamtsogolo. Ngati nthendayo yapezeka m'modzi mwa achibale ake, chiopsezo chokhala ndi mwana akadakwanitsa zaka zina zimakula kwambiri.
2. Chifukwa chachiwiri chachikulu ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Ndi kuchepa mphamvu kwa thupi komanso kusintha kwa zakudya zoyenera, izi zimatha.
3. Malo achitatu amatanganidwa ndi matenda omwe amaphatikizana ndi kapamba: kapamba, khansa, ndi zovuta zina pakugwira ntchito kwa gland ya endocrine.
4. Chifukwa chachinayi ndimatenda osiyanasiyana amitundu yosiyanasiyana, monga rubella, chikuku, mahepatitis, fuluwenza ndi matenda ena. Fungo lofiirira, chikuku, mumps, kutsokomola komanso matenda ena omwe amaperekedwa pa ubwana nthawi zambiri amayambitsa matenda a shuga.
5. Ukalamba ndiye chifukwa chachisanu cha matenda ashuga. Chiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga chikuwonjezeka pazaka zina, zochulukirapo chaka chilichonse. Ndipo munthu wamkuluyo, nthawi zambiri matendawa amayambika osati chifukwa chobadwa nawo. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti pafupifupi 30% ya anthu ochepera zaka 55 omwe makolo awo adapezeka ndi matendawa ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga. Mwa anthu opitilira 55, chiwopsezo chimachepetsedwa mpaka 10%.
6. Matenda a shuga angachitike chifukwa cha kupsinjika. Anthu achikulire omwe nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zovuta amakhala pangozi. Ndi kugwedezeka kwam'maganizo, komwe nthawi zambiri sikufotokozedwa mtundu 2 shuga kumadziwika ndi zizindikiro. Milandu yambiri ya matenda ashuga amapezeka chifukwa cha vuto lakumisala.

Anthu omwe amachita ntchito zaluso amakhala atadwala kwambiri kuposa omwe amachita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Zambiri za kusintha kwa kagayidwe kazakudya zimakhudza mwachindunji kuwonjezeka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga pakati pa okalamba:

• Pamimba yopanda kanthu, phindu la glycemic limakwera ndi 0,05 mmol / L, mutatha kudya, pambuyo maola awiri, shuga amawonjezeka ndi 0,5 mmol / L,
• Kukana insulini, kuwonetseredwa kuphwanya zamkati mwa insulin,
• Kukula kwa mankhwala a insulin.

Njira ya pathological yochepetsera chidwi cha maselo am'mimba kuti apange insulin imadziwika kwambiri mwa anthu onenepa kwambiri.Anthu osanenepa kwambiri ali ndi matenda ashuga chifukwa kuchepa kwa kupanga kwa insulin.

Ubwino wazizindikiro uli pafupifupi, popeza njirayi imachitika mwa aliyense mwa njira yake. Kukonzekereratu kwa matenda okalamba kumakhala ndi zinthu monga moyo, zolimbitsa thupi, zakudya, komanso kuchuluka kwa matenda osachiritsika. Kukhalapo kwa zinthu zambiri kumangokulitsa chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, anthu omwe adapeza matenda ashuga anali ndi matenda ena akuluakulu:

• kukomoka kwa maselo amanjenje (neuropathy),
• matenda a mtima
• matenda amitsempha yamagazi (retinopathy),
• kuvulala kwamitsempha, makamaka m'munsi,
• matenda a impso
• kuchuluka kwa magazi,
• matenda a m'mimba thirakiti.

Kuphatikiza pa matenda ashuga, 50% ya odwala anali ndi matenda ena osakhazikika omwe amavuta chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa microvascular. Zikatero, matenda ashuga amafunika kuwongolera pochiza matenda ena ndi njira zina zochepetsera ngozi.

Zizindikiro ndi kuzindikira matenda ashuga okalamba

Pafupifupi theka la odwala okalamba sadziwa kuti akudwala matenda ashuga. Kagayidwe ka glucose sikulamulidwa konse ndi odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali mumdima. Matenda a shuga kwa anthu okalamba ndizovuta kwambiri kuchiza kuposa odwala azaka zapakati.

Type 1 shuga mellitus okalamba mu kukula kwake kumawonekera kwambiri mu khungu louma ndi kuyabwa, kuwonda popanda chifukwa, kufooka kwambiri.

Type 2 shuga mellitus mu ukalamba amadziwika ndi ludzu lalikulu, kufooka, kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa masomphenya, kuchiritsidwa kwamabala.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa kwa okalamba komanso achikulire sizizindikirika nthawi imodzi chifukwa cha njira yotsika ya matenda ashuga. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro za matendawa zimatengedwa ngati zosintha zokhudzana ndi zaka ndipo zimadziwika chifukwa cha ukalamba. Popanda chipangizo choyezera shuga kunyumba, wodwalayo payekha kapena abale ake sakayikira kuti matendawa afala. Nthawi zambiri, matenda a shuga amapezeka mukamayesa wodwala matenda ena.

Nazi njira zomwe zimafunikira kulipidwa mwapadera:

• kusakwiya, kutopa kwambiri, kukhumudwitsa mayiko, kuchepa mphamvu ya malingaliro,
• kuchuluka kwakanthawi kowapanikizika, kumalumpha kwambiri,
• kutayika kwa bwino, chizungulire tikadzuka pabedi,
• kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe
• kutupa kwa miyendo
• kuuma, kukwiya, ming'alu pakhungu,
• mabala owola, osachiritsa,
• kukokana.

Ngakhale kupezeka kwa zizindikilo zingapo kuyenera kumamuchenjeza munthu ndikumupangitsa kuti ayesedwe.

Mu matenda a shuga, munthu wokalamba amatha kukhala ndi kugona, kufooka, kupweteka mutu, kuiwala, kuiwala, komanso mavuto amawonedwe - madandaulo omwe siwofalitsa matendawa. Kuchuluka kwa matendawa ndi matenda a bronchitis, pyelonephritis, matenda a pustular ndi njira zina zotupa kumawonjezeranso, ndipo njira yogwirira minofu ikayamba kuvulala pakhungu imachepera. Kunenepa kwambiri kumachitika kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga.

Matenda ena ophatikizira amawonjezera matendawa ku matenda a shuga. Ndi atherosclerosis, ziwiya zamiyendo, mtima, m'munsi malekezero amakhudzidwa. Ndi mafupa am'mimba, minofu ya mafupa imasokonezeka. Pakhoza kukhala kutheka mu chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, zovuta monga matenda ashuga a m'mimba zimadziwika. Matendawa, okhudza dongosolo lamanjenje, ndi chifukwa chodwala kwambiri kwa wodwalayo, wolumikizidwa ndi kusokonezeka kwamagazi m'mitsempha yamagazi yaying'ono. Mwa zina mwazizindikiro zomwe zimasiyanitsa kutayika kwamiyendo, miyendo, miyendo, nthawi ndi nthawi ndikumva ululu.Zomwe zikuchitika zimayambitsa kudulira pang'ono kapena kwathunthu.

Ndi matenda ashuga, odwala ali ndi ludzu kwambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chakufunika kwa chimpso ndi mkodzo wambiri shuga. Pogwira ntchito ya thanki yolingalira yomwe imayang'anira madzi bwino, zonyansa nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mwa okalamba.

Zikakhala zoterezi, wopuma pantchito amasiya kukhala ndi ludzu ngakhale amadzimadzi kwambiri. Kudzimva ngati pakamwa pouma kumapitilira. Nthawi zambiri, odwala omwe amalowetsedwa kuchipatala amakhala ndi kuchepa mphamvu kwa madzi m'thupi, limodzi ndi kusefukira, chisokonezo, chisokonezo, ndipo chifukwa, amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri kwa iye.

Kupsinjika, kupsinjika, matenda, matenda oopsa, kuwopsa kwa mtima, ngozi yam'mimba kwambiri imapangitsa mkhalidwe wa wodwala.

Akafika zaka 45, madokotala amalimbikitsa kuti aziona kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Izi zimachepetsa chiopsezo chodzazindikira mochedwa matendawa komanso zimawonjezera mwayi wopezeka bwino.

Muyenera kufunafuna chithandizo chamankhwala kuti mupereke mayeso kwa anthu azaka zopitilira makumi asanu ndi limodzi ngati ali ndi chimodzi mwazinthu izi.

Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la matenda ashuga, kuyezetsa magazi ndi komwe kungathandize kuzindikira matendawa. Mankhwala amakono, palibe mgwirizano pa mtundu uliwonse wa kusanthula koyenera kupeza shuga:

• kusala kudya kwa glucose,
• muyezo wa glycemia mutatha kudya,
• kuyeserera kwa glucose
• kutsimikiza kwa shuga mu mkodzo,
• kudziwa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin wa glycated.

Mukamayang'ana odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda a shuga amagwiritsa ntchito kuwunika kumodzi, mwachitsanzo, kudziwa shuga wamagazi, nthawi zambiri pamakhala zovuta kuzindikira pambuyo pake, zomwe, malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa, zimayambitsa kwambiri kufa kwa mtima kuvulala kwamitsempha. Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kupezeka koyambirira kwa matenda ashuga kumatheka pokhapokha ngati pakuyesa mayeso a glucose, mpandawo ungawonjezere maola awiri mutadya.

Kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a shuga a 2, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti shuga ayesedwe pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso maola awiri atatha kudya chaka chilichonse. Izi zikuthandizira kudziwa matendawa munthawi yake.

Ndikofunikira kubwereza magazi ndi mkodzo pafupipafupi, kuyeza kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin (shuga ya magazi yayitali kwa nthawi yayitali), kuyesa matenda a impso ndikuwunika mozama ziwiya zam'mutu ndi miyendo, yang'anani ntchito, ndikuwunika.

Chifukwa cha chithunzi chosawoneka bwino cha matenda, kuzindikira kwa matenda a shuga 2 kwa okalamba kumakhala kovuta chifukwa cha kuwonetsa kwa matendawa:

• 60% ya odwala alibe kusala kwa hyperglycemia,
• 50-70% ikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa ma postergandial hyperglycemia,
• Pali kuwonjezeka kwa cholumikizira cha impso chifukwa cha shuga.

Kufunika kuyeza shuga m'magazi kawiri - chakudya chisanafike komanso mutatha - chikufotokozedwa chifukwa chakuti kusala kudya sikukula kuposa zomwe zimachitika, mutatha kudya wodwalayo ali ndi hyperglycemia, yomwe imawonetsa mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga.

Mukazindikira matendawa ndi okalamba, kuchuluka kwa shuga mumkodzo siwokhawo kuwonetsa. Mwa anthu achikulire kuposa zaka 70, index ya glycemic, yomwe shuga imapezeka mu mkodzo, imatha kufikira 13 mmol / L. Mwa achichepere, chiwerengerochi sichochepa kuposa magawo atatu.

Mavuto a shuga okalamba

Matenda a shuga - Matenda opatsirana kwambiri, omwe ali oopsa osati mwa iwo okha, komanso kuphatikiza ndi zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa. Mwa okalamba omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2, ambiri amafa ali ndi zaka zosakwanira chifukwa cha zovuta zina. Izi zimaphatikizapo, choyambirira, stroko ndi mtima.

Matenda a shuga - Ichi ndi matenda achisanu ndi chimodzi omwe amachititsa kufa kwa anthu achikulire. Odwala omwe chifukwa chake amwalira ndi vuto la mtima kapena sitiroko sagwidwa ndi ziwonetserozi, ngakhale kuti metabolism ya glucose nthawi zambiri imayambitsa matenda awa. Matendawa amatha kuthandizidwa molakwika kapena osapezeka konse. Chifukwa chake, ndi zovuta zonse zomwe zimatheka chifukwa cha matenda ashuga, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthu okalamba amamwalira.

Mwa odwala matenda ashuga, zolumikizira zofowoka kwambiri mthupi ndi miyendo yotsika, impso ndi mtima. Pafupifupi theka la achikulire achikulire omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amadandaula chifukwa cha matenda oopsa oopsa omwe amachitika pafupipafupi, kuwonongeka kwa maso, kuphatikizapo matenda amkati, kutupa kwamitsempha yam'mimba ndi zovuta zina zazikulu. Pamaso pa matenda a shuga, munthu amatha kukhala wakhungu, pamakhala chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga khungu, zomwe zimayambitsa kudulidwa. Komanso, matenda a shuga amabweretsa ziwalo zamitsempha, zomwe zimakwiyitsa ziwalo zathupi. Zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri za matenda a shuga kwa anthu okalamba zimadulidwa mwendo.

1. Matenda a shuga - khungu pakamaso likhala louma, limakhala losalala, layamba kusweka. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuchepa kwa chidwi. Kuphatikiza pa zizindikirozi, kutupa kwambiri kwamiyendo kumawonekera. Mkhalidwe wam'mapazi phazi limatsogolera kusintha kwake. M'madera ovuta kwambiri, mabala ang'ono kwambiri sangathe kuthandizidwa; Kufalikira kwa matendawa kumabweretsa kufa kwa minofu, yomwe imayamba kukhala pang'onopang'ono. Mwendo wodwala wadulidwa.
2. Kulephera kwina - Zida zapamwamba zimasiya kugwira ntchito. Pakakhala kulephera kwa impso, kutsegula m'mimba kapena kusaka chinthu chopereka kuti chiziwike ndikofunika.
3. Ndi osakwanira kuwongolera matenda ashuga, systemic atherosulinosis imachitika kawirikawiri, zomwe zimayambitsa ziwongo zomwe zimadyetsa miyendo, ubongo ndi mtima ndi zolembera za atherosulinotic.
4. Pafupipafupi zovuta za mtundu wamakono wa matenda ashuga - kugunda kwa mtima kapena stroko - zimayambitsa imfa asanafike pamavuto ena omwe ali pangozi.
5. Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi mpaka nthawi 7 kumayambitsa kukomoka kwa hyperosmolar. Kuphwanya kovuta kwa mtundu wa matenda ashuga 2 okalamba kumadzetsa vuto la kusokonezeka. Ndi matenda ashuga a hyperosmolar, kukomoka kwambiri kumawonedwa. Kumverera kwa ludzu kwa odwala okalamba kumatha, motero malo ogulitsa mthupi samabwezeretsedwanso.
6. Ndi shuga wochepa mu shuga mellitus, wotchedwa "hypoglycemia", ntchito yamtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi ndiyovuta. Vutoli ndi loopsa kwa okalamba ndi zotsatira zake. Komanso, kutsika pafupipafupi kwa glucose kumapangitsa mfundo kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa malire komanso magonedwe m'malo. Zotsatira zake, izi zimabweretsa kugwa; okalamba amakumana ndi zovuta komanso kusokonekera.
7. Matenda a shuga okalamba nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mitsempha yamavuto. Zombo zazikulu zonse ndi ma capillaries ang'onoang'ono komanso ma venol amavutika.

Atherosulinosis - kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yayikulu yamagazi. Matenda a mtima, matenda a myocardial infarction, ziwiya zamkati zimakhudzidwa, chitukuko cha kufalikira kwa ziwengo zamitsempha cha miyendo chimadziwika. Chifukwa cha stenosis ndi ma occlusion, kuperekanso kwa okosijeni m'maselo a minyewa, amasiya kufa pang'onopang'ono. Munthu amakhala wolumala.

Microangiopathy - njira yowonongeka kwa ziwiya zazing'ono komanso ma capillaries - imakhala chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa masomphenya, kukula kwa njira za dystrophic mu retina ndikusuntha kwa mandala.

Kuphatikiza apo, zovuta pakugwira ntchito kwa impso zimadziwika. Vuto la matenda ashuga ndi pyelonephritis ndi matenda ena a impso.

Ndi diabetesic polyneuropathy, dongosolo lamanjenje limakhudzidwa. Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga mellitus pamenepa amasonyezedwa ndi kupweteka m'mphepete, dzanzi, kuchepa mphamvu komanso chidwi.

Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga okalamba

Ekirala omuntu talina ky’akola bwe kiri ku kutegeera kwa siriimu. Mankhwala akangoyamba kumene, mavuto akulu amathanso kupewedwa. Nthawi yomweyo, moyo wabwino udzasintha kwambiri ndipo chiopsezo chakulemala kwambiri chidzachepetsedwa.

Kwa onse achinyamata komanso achikulire omwe, njira zofananazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza, ndikusiyana kuti anthu achikulire, chithandizo chimalembedwa ndikusinthidwa malinga ndi zovuta komanso zoopsa zomwe zimakhudzana ndikumwa mankhwala.

Kwa anthu achikulire, matenda ashuga ndizovuta kwambiri kuchiza kuposa odwala amisinkhu ina. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe: umphawi, kusowa kwa chithandizo cha ndalama komanso chikhalidwe kuchokera kwa ana ndi zidzukulu, kusakwanira kwa chilimbikitso kwa odwala, kuthekera kwa kudziletsa kwa matenda ashuga omwe amayambitsidwa ndi mavuto ammaso komanso kumva, kusowa kwa maganizo. Kugwiritsira ntchito kwina kwa mankhwalawa kwa matenda opatsirana kumakhala kovuta chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Izi zimaphatikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha zotsatira zoyipa, chifukwa mankhwalawa ambiri amachititsa chidwi cha mankhwala m'thupi la munthu.

Musanalembe mankhwala, zotsatirazi zizindikiridwa zomwe zingakhudze zotsatira zake:

• kuthekera kwa mgwirizano wamankhwala osankhidwa,
• chiyembekezo chamoyo
• zambiri zamatenda amtima,
• kufunikira kwa hypoglycemia,
• kukhalapo kwa zovuta.

Zotsatira zomwe zimapezedwa zimakhudza mwachisankho chisankho pathandizo lililonse.

1. Kumwa mankhwala:

Kusankhidwa kwa mankhwalawa pa matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri kumayimiriridwa ndi awa:

• Metformin. Mankhwala oyamba ochiza matenda a shuga a 2. Chinsinsi chachikulu ndi zovuta za impso. Nthawi zina, mankhwalawa ndi othandiza kwambiri.
• Ascarbose. Kugwiritsa kagayidwe kachakudya matenda a shuga.
• Pangamanga. Thandizani kuwonjezeka kwa maselo a insulin.

Kukhazikitsa mankhwala othandizira insulin kumathandizanso munthu wokalamba kukhala ndi moyo wabwino.

2. Kutsatira zakudya

Ndi matenda a shuga kwa munthu wachikulire, gawo lofunikira ndikusinthika kwa chakudya choyenera. Mapiritsi okhala ndi chakudya chochuluka ndi zakudya ndi zomwe sizigwirizana kwenikweni!

Malangizo kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga:

• yambitsani nkhondo yolimbana ndi kunenepa kwambiri, pewani kunenepa, yang'anirani ziwonetsero za kulemera kwake,
• kuchepetsa mchere wambiri
• kuti muwonjezere insulin, idyani nsomba zam'madzi,
• Osamadya mafuta, osuta, okoma, zakudya zonunkhira.

Ndibwino kuti musinthe patebulo 9, lopangidwa makamaka kwa odwala matenda ashuga.

3. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi

Mukakalamba, osafuna kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, koma kukhala ndi moyo wopanda tanthauzo kumawononga thanzi. Kuti mupeze zabwino, mutha kuyamba ndi kukhala ndi theka la ola mumlengalenga watsopano, mukuyenda.

Mphamvu ya kuwala zolimbitsa thupi umalimbana ndikuwonjezera chidwi cha maselo ku insulin, kupanikizika, kuthana, komanso kupewa atherosulinosis. Koma makalasi aliwonse amayenera kuchitika moyang'aniridwa ndi adokotala, pomwe matenda omwe alipo kale akuyenera kukumbukiridwa.

Sivomerezeka kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ngati pali:

• ketoacidosis
• magawo a matenda a shuga
• aakulu aimpso kulephera
• kuwonongeka kwa mtima m'maso,
• angina pectoris.

Mulingo uliwonse wamankhwala othandizira odwala matenda a shuga ndiwawokha ndipo amawerengedwa ndi dokotala. Timalimbikitsa malingaliro angapo:

• Kutsatira njira yokhazikitsidwa yamankhwala ndikofunikira kuti muthe kukhazikika. Pankhani yamavuto amakumbukiro, ndikofunikira kusunga zolembalemba zamankhwala aliwonse omwe amamwa. Pofuna kuti musataye nthawi yomwe mumamwa mankhwalawa, mutha kuyambitsa alamu.
• Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikusintha kuchokera ku katundu wochepa kwambiri kupita ku lalitali. Makalasi amayenera kuchitika ndi chilolezo komanso povomerezedwa ndi dokotala.
• Muyenera kusintha zakudya zama carb apamwamba ndi zina zathanzi.
• Kuthana ndi zizolowezi zoipa kumachepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi atherosulinosis, matenda amiyendo ndi mtima dongosolo.
• Kuti muwone momwe shuga ikuyendera, muyenera kugula glucometer.

Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti munthu wokalamba amakhala yekha nthawi yayitali. Izi zimathandizira kukulira m'maganizo mwake ndipo zimayambitsa kukhumudwa. Potere, wodwalayo amalephera kuwongolera thanzi lake. Anthu okalamba nthawi zambiri samatha kumwa mankhwalawa pa nthawi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ntchitoyo isalipire odwala matenda ashuga, koma kukonza chisamaliro chodwala. Ngati achibale sangathe kuwongolera komanso kusamalira munthu wokalamba, ndibwino kuganizira za mwayi wokhala naye kunyumba yosungirako okalamba. Mothandizidwa ndi akatswiri, chithandizo chamankhwala chidzaperekedwa ndipo zinthu zidzapangidwa kuti muchepetse chiwopsezo cha kupitilira kwa matenda.

Kupewa matenda ashuga okalamba

Matenda a shuga - zenizeni zowopsa za moyo wamakono. Ndikosatheka kupatula kwathunthu kuthekera kwa matenda, koma ndikofunikira kuyesa kuchepetsa zoopsa, makamaka ndi zomwe zikupangidwako.

Kutsatira malamulowa kungathandize kupewa matenda ashuga:

1. Yenderani kunenepa kwambiri, kutsatira zakudya zoyenera. Pewani kudya zakudya zamafuta ambiri.
2. Pewani kutenga matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus - chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga.
3. Kupereka zolipira kwa thupi.
4. Chotsani zizolowezi zoyipa, potero kukonza moyo wabwino komanso chiyembekezo cha moyo.
5. Pewani kupsinjika, kukhumudwa, kukhumudwa.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa zakudya zapadera zochizira zokhala ndi mafuta komanso mapuloteni ambiri okalamba cholinga chake ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kuti muchepetse shuga motsutsana ndi zakudya zama carb otsika. Izi zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia.

Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi moyenera kumathandizira kuchepetsa matendawa ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zovuta. Kuzindikira kwamphamvu kwa thupi la munthu wokalamba kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kumathandiziradi mkhalidwe wake. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi ziyenera kusankhidwa payekha, poganizira kukhalapo kwa matenda onse omwe alipo.

Kwa okalamba, kuyenda ndi njira yabwino kwambiri. Ndi mphindi 30 patsiku, adzathandizira kuchira kwamthupi.

Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga - Izi ndi njira zomwe zingapangidwe kuti muzindikire zomwe zingayambitse zomwe zingayambitse, zovuta zomwe zingakhalepo, kusintha moyo wawo mogwirizana ndi zaka komanso momwe thanzi la wodwalayo ndikupangira chithandizo choyenera.

Anamwino okhala m'malo ocheperako

Pulogalamu yolumikiza nyumba za okalamba imapereka nyumba za okalamba, zomwe ndi zina mwazabwino kwambiri pokhudzana ndi chitonthozo, coziness ndipo zimakhala m'malo okongola kwambiri m'chigawo cha Moscow.

Takonzeka kupereka:

• Kusamalira ana ndi okalamba mozungulira ndi okalamba mwa akatswiri (onse ogwira ntchito ndi nzika za Russian Federation).
• Zakudya zisanu patsiku ndi chakudya.
• 1-2-3-seti pabwino (pamabedi ogona osavomerezeka mabedi).
• Zosangalatsa za tsiku ndi tsiku (masewera, mabuku, mawu osinthika, kuyenda).
• Ntchito payekha ya akatswiri azamisala: zojambulajambula, makalasi a nyimbo, modula.
• Kuyesedwa kwa sabata kwa madokotala apadera.
• Malo otetezeka komanso otetezeka (nyumba zakumunda zosamalidwa bwino, chilengedwe chokongola, mpweya wabwino).

Nthawi iliyonse masana kapena usiku, anthu achikulire nthawi zonse amabwera kudzawathandiza, ngakhale atakhala ndi vuto lotani. Mnyumba muno, onse abale ndi abwenzi. Pali malo amakondana komanso kucheza.

Upangiri wokhudzana ndi kulowa kunyumba yokhala boarder mutha kupita nayo pa foni:

8 (495) 181-98-94 kuzungulira koloko.

Kodi matenda ashuga ndi chiyani?

Kunena mwachidule, shuga ndi chisonyezo chowonjezeka cha shuga wamagazi (kuwonjezereka kumeneku kumakhala kosachiritsika). Milingo yokwezeka ya shuga ndi yomwe imawunikira shuga. Mavuto ambiri okhudzana ndi matendawa amatuluka chifukwa ichi. Matenda a shuga amapezeka m'magulu awiri:

Mtundu woyamba (amatchedwanso insulin-wodalira)

Mtunduwu umapezeka mwa odwala chifukwa chosakwanira kupanga insulin. Nthawi zambiri, mtundu uwu umayamba kumayambiriro: nthawi zambiri zimakhudza ana, achinyamata, achinyamata. Odwala omwe amadalira insulin ayenera kupatsidwa jakisoni wokhazikika kuti apereke insulin. Insellitus yodalira matenda a shuga imadziwika ndi kuwonongeka msanga kwa thanzi ndipo imatchulanso zizindikiro zomwe zimachepetsa thupi. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtunduwu wa shuga amafunikira mwachangu mankhwala a insulin. Zotsatira zosagwirizana ndi kusowa kwa chithandizo chapadera ndi kuperewera kwa matenda ashuga.

Zolemba zomwe mwalimbikitsa:

Mtundu wachiwiri (imatchulidwanso mopanda insulini)

Mtunduwu umatha kukhalanso ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi. Komabe, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa insulin kumeneku sikokwanira kuti shuga akhale magazi. Matenda a shuga oterewa amakula mwa okalamba (makamaka odwala omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 40). Maonekedwe a matenda oterewa amakwiyitsa thupi. Ndi matenda a shuga a 2 okalamba, nthawi zina kumakhala kofunika kuti muchepetse zakudya zanu, kudya pulogalamu yochepetsa thupi, kuwonjezera zolimbitsa thupi, ndipo zambiri mwa matendawa zimatha. Kukhazikitsa shuga mellitus, zinthu ziwiri ziyenera kutsimikizika: chizindikiro cha shuga pakuwunika kwa magazi ndi chisonyezo cha glucose poyesa mkodzo.

Chifukwa chiyani anthu okalamba amakhala ndi matenda a shuga

Kulekerera kwa thupi kwa shuga m'magazi ndikosachepetsa kumatha ndi zaka (makamaka mwa anthu achikulire opitilira 50). Mwanjira ina, kuyambira pa zaka 50 pazaka khumi zilizonse:

Mafuta am'mimba pamimba yopanda kanthu amakwera ndi 0,05 mmol / l,

Magazi a shuga m'magawo awiri mutatha kudya amakula ndi 0,5 mmol / L.

Dziwani kuti manambala omwe ali pamwambapa ndiwaletsa. Mwa anthu achikulire, mitengo imeneyi imasiyana aliyense payekhapayekha. Anthu ena achikulire adzakhala pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira ena kwambiri kuposa ena. Izi ndichifukwa cha moyo, kuchuluka kwa zochita zolimbitsa thupi, kuchuluka kwa zakudya za munthu wokalamba.

Postprandial glycemia ndi msinkhu wa glucose m'magazi mutatha kudya. Chizindikirochi chimayesedwa pambuyo maola awiri mutatha kudya. Chizindikirochi chimachepa msanga ndi zaka, kukulira mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga. Mlingo wa glucose pamimba yopanda kanthu umasinthika modabwitsa.

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti okalamba azilekerera kuchuluka kwa shuga. Izi zimachitika nthawi imodzi:

Mphamvu ya thupi kukonzekera insulin okalamba imachepetsedwa,

Kubisirana kwa insulin, komwe kumapangidwa ndi kapamba, mwa okalamba kumachepetsedwa,

Mwa anthu achikulire, kufooka kwa katulutsidwe ndi zochita za mahomoni-ma insretins amawonedwa.

Zochitika zamankhwala

Zovuta pakuzindikira mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi njira ya asymptomatic ("chete") ya matendawa: anthu achikulire samadandaula za ludzu, samazindikira shuga, kuyabwa, kuchepa thupi.

Chuma chachilendo cha matenda ashuga a mtundu wa 2: madandaulo a anthu okalamba amayanjana ndi kufooka, kutopa, chizungulire, kusokonezeka kwa kukumbukira ndi kusazindikira kwina, komwe kumalepheretsa dokotala kuzindikira matenda oyamba asukulu pachiyambipo. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mtundu wina wofanana ndi matenda a shuga 2 omwe amapezeka mosiyanasiyana pakayesedwa matenda ena okhala ndi matenda. Chifukwa chobisika, chosadziwika bwino pakapita nthawi ya matenda obwera chifukwa cha matenda ashuga, kupezeka kwake kumadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa matenda amitsempha oyambitsidwa ndi matenda. Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi matenda abweretsa: pakudziwitsa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2, opitilira theka la odwala omwe ali kale ndi zovuta zam'mimba kapena zazikulu:

Matenda a mtima (30% ya odwala),

Zotupa zam'mapazi pamiyendo (30% ya odwala),

Zotupa zam'maso, retinopathy (15% ya odwala),

Zilonda zamanjenje, neuropathy (15% ya odwala),

Microalbuminuria (30% ya odwala),

Proteinuria (5-10% ya odwala),

Kulephera kwa impso (1% ya odwala).

Njira yamatendawa kwa anthu okalamba imakhala yovuta ndi zambiri zokhudzana ndi ziwalo zingapo. Pafupifupi 50-80% ya odwala omwe amapezeka ndi matenda ashuga a 2 amakhala ndi matenda oopsa komanso matenda oopsa, omwe amafunikira mankhwala okhwima. Mankhwala okhazikitsidwa ndi dokotala angayambitse kuphwanya kwa chakudya cham'mimba ndi lipid metabolism. Izi zimasokoneza kukonza kwa metabolic pathologies mu odwala matenda ashuga.

Chikhalidwe china chodziwika bwino cha matenda ashuga okalamba 2 ndikuphwanya kudziwika kwa hypoglycemia. Izi nthawi zina zimayambitsa chikomokere kwambiri. Ambiri mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga, kuwuma kwa zizindikiro zosagwedezeka (tikulankhula za palpitations, kunjenjemera, njala) kudwala kwambiri. Izi zimayambitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa kutsegulira kwa mahomoni olimbana nawo.

Zolemba Laborator

Kuzindikira kwa matenda amtundu wa 2 okalamba kumakhala kovuta chifukwa chakuti chithunzi cha matenda sichinawonetsedwe bwino, ndipo mawonekedwe a mayeso a labotale si achizolowezi:

Hyperglycemia pamimba yopanda kanthu ilibe odwala 60%,

Isolated postprandial hyperglycemia opambana mu 50-70% ya odwala

Chiwopsezo cha impso cha shuga chimatuluka.

Zowona kuti palibe hyperglycemia pamimba yopanda kanthu, koma hyperglycemia imadziwonetsa yokha mutatha kudya, imatsimikiziranso kuti mu okalamba, mukazindikira mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga, shuga sayenera kuyesedwa osati pamimba yopanda kanthu, komanso mosalephera - maola awiri mutatha kudya.

Panthawi yopezeka ndi matenda ashuga okalamba (komanso pakuwunika kwake momwemo) sayenera kutengera mphamvu ya glucosuria. Paubwana, cholumikizira cha impso (chizindikiro cha glycemia pomwe shuga amapezeka mumkodzo) chimasungidwa pa 10 mmol / L, ndipo mwa anthu achikulire opitilira zaka 65-70, malowa amakula mpaka 13 mmol / L. likukhalira kuti ngakhale ngongole yabwinobwino ya matenda a shuga nthawi zina sichikhala yowonjezereka ndi glucosuria.

Makhalidwe

Okalamba nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kusungulumwa, kudzipatula, kusowa thandizo, komanso umphawi. Mikhalidwe yotere imayambitsa matenda a psychoemotional, kukhumudwa kwambiri, matenda a anorexia. Nthawi ya shuga kwa okalamba nthawi zambiri imakulitsidwa chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kukumbukira, kulephera kuyang'ana, kulephera kuphunzira, ndi zina. Chiwopsezo cha Alzheimer's chikukula.Nthawi zambiri kwa anthu okalamba, ntchito yayikulu si chiphuphu choyenera cha matenda ashuga, koma chisamaliro choyenera ndi chithandizo chamankhwala chazonse.

Matenda a shuga okalamba: zoyambitsa

Kukhazikika kwakubadwa kumabwera koyamba. Akatswiri akuti chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga chimawonjezeka pomwe wina m'banjamo wadwala kale matenda a shuga.

Choyambitsa chachiwiri cha matenda a shuga ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Izi zitha kuchotsedwa pokhapokha ngati wodwala, atazindikira zoopsa zonse, ayamba kuchepa kwambiri.

Choyambitsa chachitatu ndi matenda apamba: kapamba, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa ya kapamba, zovuta zina za endocrine.

Matenda osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi ma virus amakhala ndi chifukwa chachinayi. Izi zikuphatikiza: rubella, nthomba, matenda a chiwindi, chimfine ndi matenda ena opatsirana. Nthawi zambiri kuonekera kwa matenda osokoneza bongo kuubwana kumayambitsidwa ndi malungo ofiira, mavenda, mavu, kufooka komanso matenda ena. Matenda onse omwe atchulidwa pamwambawa amagwira ntchito ngati chida chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ashuga.

Chifukwa chachisanu ndi m'badwo. Munthu akamakalamba, amakhala pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga. Mwa njira, choyambitsa chachikulu cha matenda ashuga pazaka sizilinso m'cholowa. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, mwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 40-55, omwe makolo awo amadwala matenda a shuga, chiopsezo chotenga matenda omwewo ndi 30%, koma patatha zaka 60, chiwopsezochi chimatsika mpaka 10%.

Chochititsa china chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a shugakupsinjika kwamanjenje. Anthu achikulire, omwe nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zovuta, amadwala matenda a shuga pafupipafupi. Kusokonezeka kwakukuru kwa m'maganizo kumadzetsa kusintha kwa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda osokoneza bongo wodziwika bwino. Pali nthawi zambiri pomwe matenda ashuga adayamba chifukwa cha chisoni ndi zovuta m'malingaliro.

Anthu omwe ali ndi ntchito zaluso amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri kuposa anthu omwe amachita zolimbitsa thupi.. Matenda a shuga amakhalanso amatchedwa matenda a chitukuko. Ndizofunikira: kusamukira kumene kwa nzika za New Zealand kuchokera kumidzi kupita kumizinda kumakulitsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga katatu.

Mwachidule: matenda ashuga okalamba amakula chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mulingo uliwonse wamatendawa ungayambike chifukwa chimodzi kapena zingapo nthawi imodzi.

Matenda a shuga okalamba: kuzindikira

Malamulo ozindikira matenda ashuga okalamba ndiwofanana ndi omwe adatengedwa ndi WHO mu 1999 kwa odwala onse.

Dongosolo la matenda a shuga

Kuthamanga shuga wa plasma> 7.0 mmol / L (126 mg%),

Kuthamanga magazi a capillary> 6.1 mmol / L (110 mg%),

Madzi a m'magazi a plasma / capillary patatha maola awiri atamwa (kapena pakweza 75 g shuga)> 11.1 mmol / L (200 mg%).

Matenda a shuga okalamba amadziwika kuti ali ndi chitsimikiziro cha njira izi.

Ngati glucose wamagazi pamimba yopanda kanthu imakhala ndi 6.1 mpaka 6,9 mmol / L, ndiye kuti hyperglycemia yapezeka. Ngati shuga m'magazi patatha maola awiri chakudya chitatha kukhala ndi 7.8 mpaka 11.1 mmol / L, ndiye kuti pali vuto la kulolera kwa glucose.

Matenda a shuga okalamba mwina sanatchule zizindikiro za matenda (polyuria, polydipsia, ndi zina). Nthawi zambiri, matenda ashuga amakula, impermeptibly, asymptomatic, mask. Nthawi zambiri imadziwika “chifukwa cha” mawonetseredwe apazovuta za matendawa: kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe (retinopathy), matenda a impso (nephropathy), trophic ulcer kapena gangrene ya miyendo (matenda ammimba a shuga), vuto la mtima kapena stroko.Pankhani imeneyi, anthu okalamba amafunika kuwunika mwadongosolo matenda ashuga, mwanjira ina, nthawi zambiri amafufuza odwala omwe atchulidwa kuti ali ndi matendawa.

American Diabetes Association (ADA) yalembapo nkhani yofunsira kuchuluka kwa chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga. Mayankho olimbikitsa pamafunsowa amayesedwa motere:

Ndidabereka mwana wolemera zoposa 4.5 kg. 1 point

Ndili ndi mlongo / mchimwene wanga yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 2. 1 point

Ena mwa makolo anga ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2. 1 point

Kulemera kwanga ndizochulukirapo kuposa masiku onse. Mfundo zisanu

Moyo wanga ndi wopanda ntchito. Mfundo zisanu

Ndili ndi zaka 45-65. Mfundo zisanu

Ndili ndi zaka zopitilira 65. 9 mfundo

Zosakwana 3 mfundo: chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga ndi ochepa.

Miyezo ya 3-9: chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga chimakhala chochepa.

10 ndi zina zowonjezera: chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga ndichokwera.

Funso ili likuwonetsa kuti zaka pambuyo pa zaka 65 ndizoopsa kwambiri kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga.

Odwala omwe ali ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda ashuga amafunikira kukayezetsa kuti adziwe matendawa. Mpaka pano, madokotala sanabwere mgwirizanowu, womwe ungayesedwe koyesa komwe kungakhale koyenera kudziwa matenda a shuga:

Glycemia atatha kudya,

Kulekerera kwa glucose

Ngati mungayesere odwala omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a shuga monga zotsatira za kuwunika kamodzi (mwachitsanzo, kusala kudya kwa glycemia), nthawi zambiri simungapeze odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la postprandial hyperglycemia (kafukufuku waposachedwa wasonyeza kuti ndi hyperglycemia yomwe imayambitsa chiopsezo chachikulu cha chiopsezo chachikulu cha kufa chifukwa cha matenda amtima). Malinga ndi ambiri, pakupeza matenda ashuga kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, kuyezetsa kachilomboka kamodzi sikokwanira. Odwala omwe ali pachiwopsezo amayenera kupatsidwa mayeso owonjezera a glycemia maola awiri atatha kudya.

Pozindikira panthawi yake mtundu wa matenda a shuga 2, timalimbikitsa kuti: odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wofanana wa matenda ashuga a 2 aziwonetsa chaka chilichonse kuyeza shuga ndi maola awiri atatha kudya.

Werengani zokhudzana ndi izi: Senile senility

Mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri mwa okalamba: njira zochizira

Kuchiza matenda a shuga a 2 nthawi zina kumakhala kovuta. Kupatula apo, chithandizo chimalephereka kupezeka kwa matenda ena oyamba omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matenda ashuga okalamba, komanso zochitika zosiyanasiyana (kusungulumwa, umphawi, kusowa thandizo, maphunziro ochepa, dementia yokhudzana ndi zaka.

Nthawi zambiri, madokotala amapereka mankhwala ambiri kwa anthu achikulire omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuganizira zovuta zonse zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha kusasinthasintha kwawo. Anthu okalamba odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri samatsata zomwe dokotalayo amupatsa ndipo amadzipatsa yekha mankhwala, ngakhale kusiya kumwa mankhwala, kenako amadzipatsa mankhwala osafunsa dokotala.

Okalamba ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amakhala pansi pa umphawi, chifukwa chomwe amakhala ndi vuto logona kapena kuda nkhawa kwambiri. Kukhala kwawo kopanda chiyembekezo kumakwiyitsa machitidwe a kumwa mankhwala ndi kuwongolera shuga wawo wamagazi.

Malangizo pakuthandizira odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kutsimikizika potengera momwe wodwala akufikira. Malangizowa angathandize kudziwa:

Chiyembekezo chamoyo

Zizolowezi zovuta ku hypoglycemia,

Kupezeka kwa matenda amtima,

Kupezeka kwa zovuta zina za matenda ashuga,

Mlingo wa magwiridwe antchito am'malingaliro (pamlingo womwe wodwalayo athe kutsatira malangizo onse azachipatala ndi kusankha kwake).

Ngati chiyembekezo chamoyo (chiyembekezo chamoyo) ndichuma chopitilira zaka 10-15, ndiye muzochita zamankhwala muyenera kuyang'ana kukwaniritsa hemoglobin HbA1C.

Mankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikofunikira kwambiri. Wodwala aliyense (makamaka munthu wachikulire) amafunika kukhala ndi mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi kuti awerengere payekha, poganizira matenda onse omwe amakhalapo. Komabe, zolimbitsa thupi ndizofunikira. Pongoyambira, njira yokhala kukwera maulendo kuchokera hafu ya ola mpaka ola ndi yoyenera.

Kodi zolimbitsa thupi ndizothandiza kwa odwala matenda ashuga:

Amawonjezera chidwi cha thupi ku insulin (mwanjira ina, amachepetsa mphamvu ya kukana insulini),

Iwo akuletsa kukula kwa atherosulinosis,

Amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Tikufuna kuti tikulimbikitseni: gulu la anthu achikulire limakhala lochita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi kuposa thupi la achinyamata.

Wodwala aliyense azitha kusankha mtundu woyenera wa masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuti makalasiwo abweretse kukhutira. Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge buku labwino kwambiri lolemba Chris Crowley ndi Henry Lodge "Wamng'ono chaka chilichonse." Bukuli limafotokoza zambiri za kuchiritsa kwakuthupi ndikukhalanso ndi moyo wabwino muukalamba. Tikukupemphani kuti mugwiritse ntchito malangizowa kuchokera m'bukuli molingana ndi thanzi lanu komanso thanzi lanu.

Maphunziro olimbitsa thupi kwa odwala matenda ashuga ali ndi zotsutsana zotsatirazi:

Kubwezera odwala matenda ashuga,

Kukhalapo kwa retinopathy mu gawo lochulukirachulukira,

Zovuta kwambiri zaimpso.

Musanayambe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kufunsa dokotala kuti akupatseni malangizo.

Matenda a shuga mu okalamba: mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Mu gawo lino, tikambirana za zomwe mankhwala ochizira matenda a shuga amapezeka mu zida zamakono, komanso malingaliro omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pakufunika kwa odwala okalamba.

Ngati mwapezeka ndi matenda a shuga a 2, onaninso malingaliro omwe ali pansipa:

Chepetsa zakudya zanu zamafuta ambiri kuti muchepetse shuga (komanso shuga wanu akhale wabwino).

Yambitsani maphunziro akuthupi, kusankha kuchuluka kwa katundu kuti makalasiwo abweretseokhutira.

Mu maulendo asanu ndi awiri mwa odwala 10 omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 2, zakudya zamafuta ochepa komanso zopepuka, kulimbitsa thupi kosangalatsa ndikokwanira kuti shuga akhale magazi. Ngati zakudya komanso maphunziro akuthupi sizinali zokwanira, muyenera kuwona dokotala, kukayezetsa, kuyesedwa, kufufuza impso. Mwina adotolo adzaganiza zopereka metformin (siofor, glucophage). Palibe chifukwa musagwiritse ntchito Siofor popanda kufunsa dokotala! Ndi kulephera kwaimpso, mankhwalawa ndi owopsa!

Pankhani ya metformin, musapereke zakudya zamafuta ochepa komanso maphunziro akuthupi.

Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti insulini itulutsidwe (tikulankhula za sulfonylurea zotumphukira ndi meglitinides (dongoides)). Mankhwalawa amatha kukhala ovulaza. Jakisoni wa insulin adzakhala wopindulitsa kwambiri kuposa kumwa mankhwalawa.

Dziwani zambiri zamankhwala atsopano a kalasi ya incretin.

Ngati pakufunika chithandizo chofunikira kwambiri (zakudya zochepa zama carb ndi zolimbitsa thupi sizinali zokwanira), sinthani mosamala mapiritsi kuti mupeze insulin.

Zochizira odwala matenda ashuga okalamba, mankhwala otsatirawa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mankhwala:

1) Metformin (wogulitsa amatchedwa siofor kapena glucophage) - mankhwala No. 1 kwa odwala okalamba. Mankhwala amafotokozedwa pokhapokha wodwalayo akakwaniritsa kusefa kwa impso (ndiye kuti kusefedwa kwa glomerular kumachitika mwachangu kuposa 60 ml / min) ndipo samadwala matenda opatsirana omwe amayambitsa hypoxia.

Metformin ndi mankhwala abwino komanso odalirika. Amachepetsa shuga m'magazi ndipo amakondanso thanzi. Mosiyana ndi mankhwala ena othandizira odwala matenda ashuga, mankhwala a metformin sanawonebe mavuto.

Mankhwala sayambitsa kufooka kwa kapamba, sikuti kumayambitsa hypoglycemia, sikukula thupi. M'malo mwake, mankhwalawo amathandizira kuti muchepetse kunenepa. Kutenga metformin, mutha kuchepetsa thupi mpaka 3 kapena kuposa makilogalamu! Zomwe zimachitika poyamba ngati metformin ndizowonjezereka komanso kukhumudwa pang'ono m'mimba, koma pakapita kanthawi thupi limasinthasintha komanso zizindikilo zomwe zanenedwazo zimatha.

2) Thiazolidinediones (glitazones) idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi matenda ashuga kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000. Monga metformin, glitazones imakulitsa chiwopsezo cha minofu, maselo amafuta, komanso chiwindi ku zotsatira za insulin. Kuchokera pamankhwala awa, insulin secretion sikukula, chifukwa chake chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia sichikula.

Glitazone monotherapy imachepetsa glycated hemoglobin HbA1C ndi 0.5-1.4%. Koma mankhwalawa akugwirabe ntchito kwambiri (pokhapokha ngati kapamba satha pa kupanga insulin). Ngati kapamba amatha ndipo kupangika kwake kwa insulin kumakhala kovuta kwambiri (zotere zimawonedwa mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 kwa nthawi yayitali), kutenga glitazones kumakhala kopanda tanthauzo.

Ma glitazones mu mawonekedwe awo ali ofanana ndi metformin, komabe, poyerekeza nawo, amalemedwa ndi zovuta zoyipa:

Madzimadzi amatuluka m'thupi, kumabweretsa kutupa,

Kukula kwa kulephera kwa mtima ndikuthamanga.

Mankhwala samayikidwa chifukwa cha impso ndi mtima. Kulandila kwa mankhwalawa ndi okalamba kumakhala kovuta chifukwa chotsatira:

Anthu achikulire omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto la mtima (samatchulidwa nthawi zonse) chifukwa cha zovuta za mtima ndi stroko.

Mankhwala amachulukitsa mafupa, ndiye kuti, amalimbikitsa kukoka kwa calcium ku minofu yamafupa. Zotsatira zake, kuthekera kwa kusweka kwa okalamba kumakulirakawiri kuposa pomwe mukumwa mankhwala ena othandizira. Chiwopsezo cha fractures chikuwonjezeka azimayi a postmenopausal.

Ubwino wa glitazones pothandizira matenda a shuga ndi chakuti mankhwalawa samachulukitsa chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia. Uwu ndi mwayi wabwino, komabe, mankhwalawa sayenera kukhala apamwamba pakuchiza matenda osokoneza bongo okalamba.

3) Zochokera ku sulfonylureas. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a gululi anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900. Mankhwalawa amakalipira maselo a pancreatic beta, ndikuwapangitsa kuti apange insulin yambiri. Mankhwalawa amapereka zotsatira zabwino mpaka nthawi yomwe kuchuluka kwa insulin komwe sikumatha kwathunthu.

Tikukulangizani anthu odwala matenda ashuga kuti asamagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa pazifukwa zotsatirazi:

Mankhwalawa amalimbikitsa chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia. Pali njira zochepetsera shuga wamagazi zomwe sizigwira ntchito moyenera kuposa mankhwalawa, koma popanda chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia.

Mankhwalawa amatsogolera kutsirizika ndi kusasinthika kwa kapamba, ndipo ndikofunikira kuti odwala asungire ntchito yopanga insulin yawo pang'ono.

Mankhwalawa amalimbikitsa kulemera. Njira zina zolamulira matenda ashuga zimachepetsa shuga m'magazi siziwayendera bwino, koma popanda kuwonjezera kunenepa kwambiri.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amatha kukhala ndi shuga m'magazi pafupi ndi zabwinobwino, osamwa mankhwalawa komanso kuvulaza kamodzi. Nthawi zina, odwala matenda ashuga amayamba kumwa mankhwalawa ngati njira yomaliza, kuti asangoyambitsa jakisoni wa insulin. Kuyesa kotereku kumakhala kowopsa thanzi.Ngati akuwonetsa kuti mankhwala a insulini achita, mwachangu.

4) Meglitinides (glinids). Monga mankhwala akale, mankhwalawa amathandizira maselo a beta kuti achulukitse kupanga kwa insulin. Meglitinides imachitapo kanthu nthawi yomweyo, koma nthawi yawo yowonekera ndiyifupi (mpaka mphindi 30-90). Mankhwalawa amayenera kumwedwa musanadye.

Meglitinides ali ndi zotsutsana zomwe zimachokera ku sulfonylurea. Mankhwalawa amatha "kuthetsa" kukula kwa shuga m'magazi mutatha kudya. Koma ngati wodwalayo aletsa kudya zakudya zamagetsi zomwe zimapezeka mofulumira, ndiye kuti sayenera kukhala lakuthwa choncho.

5) Inhibitors a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (glyptins). Glucagon-ngati peptide-1 (GLP-1) ndi amodzi mwa mahomoni a insretin. A Glyptins amalamula kapamba kuti apatse insulini kuti aleke kutulutsa shuga, mdani wa insulin. Koma GLP-1 imakhala ndi vuto pokhapokha pali kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Magalasi ndi zinthu zomwe zimapanga GLP-1 mwachilengedwe. Ma gliptins samalola kuti chinthu ichi chiwonekere. Ma giliki amatenga:

Mankhwalawa amaletsa (kuletsa) ntchito ya chinthu chomwe chimawononga mahomoni GLP-1. Chifukwa chotenga mankhwalawa, chizindikiritso cha mahomoni otchulidwa m'magazi chimawonjezeka nthawi 1.5-2 poyerekeza ndi chidziwitso cha thupi. Zotsatira zake, timadzi timeneti timayamba kulimbikitsa kapamba kuti azitulutsa insulini yakeyake.

Inhibitors amachita pokhapokha ngati pali magazi ambiri omwe alipo. S shuga ikangofika yokhazikika (4.5 mmol / L), zoletsa zam'mimba zimaleka kupanga insulin ndikupanga kutsekeka kwa glucagon.

Zotsatira zochizira matenda a 2 matenda a shuga ndi glyptins:

Kuchepa kwa hypoglycemia sikukula,

Kulemera sikukula

Kuwonongeka kwaumboni sikuchitika nthawi zambiri kuposa ndi placebo.

Kuchiza kwa anthu okalamba pambuyo pa zaka 65 ndi mankhwalawa (osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena) kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa hemoglobin HbA1C kuchokera ku 0,7 mpaka 1.2%. Chiwopsezo cha hypoglycemia pamenepa ndi chochepa kwambiri ndipo chimafika pa 0-6%. Mwa odwala matenda ashuga ochokera ku gulu loyesera omwe adatenga placebo, chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia chinali 0-10%. Zizindikiro izi zidachitiridwa umboni chifukwa cha kafukufuku wautali (kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka chaka).

Gliptins ikhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala ena opatsirana popanda matenda owopsa. Chosangalatsa chachikulu cha sayansi ndikuloledwa kwa ma glisitins kuphatikiza ndi metformin.

Mu 2009, kafukufuku adachitidwa, cholinga chake chinali kufananitsa kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi chithandizo cha odwala matenda ashuga azaka zopitilira 65 pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu iyi:

Metformin + sulfonylurea (glimepiride 30 kg / m2), pokhapokha ngati wodwalayo avomera kubayidwa.

Mwa njira, mimetics (osati ochokera ku sulfonylureas) angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati "chomaliza" panthawi yomwe odwala akufuna kuchedwetsa insulin.

7) Acarbose (glucobai) - mankhwala omwe amaletsa kuyamwa kwa shuga (alpha glucosidase inhibitor). Mankhwalawa amachepetsa kukonza kwa zovuta zam'mimba (poly- ndi oligosaccharides) m'matumbo. Zotsatira zakumwa pang'onopang'ono, shuga ochepa amalowa m'magazi. Komabe, kumwa mankhwalawa kumadzaza ndi ma bloating, flatulence, kutsekula m'mimba, etc.

Kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa mgwirizano, motsatana ndi kuyamba kwa kugwiritsa ntchito acarbose, timalimbikitsa kwambiri kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zovuta zam'mimba. Pankhani ya zakudya zamafuta ochepa, zomwe timalangiza, kufunika kotenga mankhwalawa kumatha palokha.

Kodi matenda ashuga amathandizidwa bwanji ukalamba ndi insulin?

Mankhwala a insulin omwe ali ndi odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 2 amadziwika kuti amadwala, zolimbitsa thupi komanso mapiritsi olimbana ndi matenda ashuga zimachepetsa shuga m'magazi osakwanira. Matenda a shuga a 2 okalamba amathandizidwa ndi jakisoni wa insulin (kaya ndi mapiritsi kapena opanda mapiritsi). Akuluakulu okalamba onenepa kwambiri amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi jakisoni wa insulin ndi metformin kapena vildagliptin, zomwe zimachepetsa kufunikira kwa insulin ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia.

Malinga ndi lingaliro lamalingaliro, ndizovuta kwambiri kwa anthu okalamba omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kuvomereza kuyesa kwa dokotala kuti apereke jakisoni wa insulin. Koma ngati cholinga cha kubayira jakisoni wa insulin, dokotala ayenera kukakamiza wodwalayo kuvomereza kugwiritsa ntchito insulin kwakanthawi kochepa. Simuyenera kuchita mantha ndi insulin!

Pambuyo masiku atatu a jakisoni wa insulin, anthu okalamba omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amawona kusintha kwakukuru m'moyo wabwino. Insulin samangoyendetsa shuga wamagazi, komanso ili ndi vuto labwino kwambiri la anabolic. Zotsatira zake, mafunso okhudza kuyambiranso kwamankhwala omwe amapezeka ndi mapiritsi amadzipatula okha.

Okalamba odwala angagwiritse ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana za insulin:

Jakisoni imodzi ya insulin usiku (m'malo omwe shuga amawonjezedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu). Analimbikitsa insulin tsiku lililonse lopanda kanthu kapena "sing'anga".

Jakisoni wa insulin kawiri patsiku (asanadye chakudya cham'mawa komanso asanagone).

Jekeseni wa insulin yosakanikirana kawiri pa tsiku. Ikani zosakaniza zosinthika za "zochita pang'ono" ndi "pang'ono pang'ono" pazogwirizana ndi 30:70 kapena 50:50.

Njira ya maziko-bolus mankhwala a shuga ndi insulin. Tikulankhula za majakisoni a insulini yotsitsimutsa yochepa kapena yochepa yochita chakudya musanadye, komanso ngati sing'anga wambiri kapena wodwala wokhala ndi insulin asanagone.

Otsiriza omaliza a mankhwalawa a insulin Therapy angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati wodwalayo atha kuyendetsa shuga payekha, ndikusankha mtundu woyenera wa insulin. Ndikofunikira kuti achikulire omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga asunge maluso awo pakuwunika komanso kuphunzira.

M'nyumba zathu zokwerera tili okonzeka kupereka zabwino zokhazokha:

Kusamalira ana ndi okalamba mozungulira ndi okalamba mwa akatswiri (onse ogwira ntchito ndi nzika za Russian Federation).

Zakudya zisanu patsiku ndi chakudya.

1-2-3-seti pabwino (pamabedi ogona osavomerezeka mabedi).

Zosangalatsa za tsiku ndi tsiku (masewera, mabuku, mawu osinthika, kuyenda).

Ntchito payekha ya akatswiri azamisala: zojambulajambula, makalasi a nyimbo, modula.

Kuyesedwa kwa sabata kwa madokotala apadera.

Malo otetezeka komanso otetezeka (nyumba zakumunda zosamalidwa bwino, chilengedwe chokongola, mpweya wabwino).

Nthawi iliyonse, usana kapena usiku, okalamba nthawi zonse amabwera kudzapulumutsa, ngakhale atakhala ndi vuto lotani. Mnyumba muno, onse abale ndi abwenzi. Pali malo amakondana komanso kucheza.

Upangiri wokhudzana ndi kulowa kunyumba yokhala boarder mutha kupita nayo pa foni:

Zinthu zopatsa komanso zoyambitsa chitukuko

Kuyambira azaka makumi asanu, anthu ambiri adachepetsa kulolera kwa glucose. Komanso, munthu akadzakalamba, zaka khumi zilizonse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonjezereka, ndipo pambuyo podya kumachulukanso. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, muyenera kudziwa tanthauzo la shuga la magazi mwa amuna mutatha zaka 50.

Komabe, chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga chimatsimikiziridwa osati ndi zokhudzana ndi msinkhu, komanso ndi mulingo wa zolimbitsa thupi ndi kudya tsiku ndi tsiku.

Kodi nchifukwa chiyani anthu okalamba amatenga matenda a postprandial glycemia? Izi ndichifukwa cha zinthu zingapo:

• kuchepa kwokhudzana ndi zaka insulin
• kufooka kwa chochita ndi kubisalira kwa mahomoni a insretin muukalamba,
• kupanga kosakwanira kwa inshuwaransi.

Matenda a shuga amakalamba ndi okalamba komanso osakhazikika chifukwa chobadwa nawo. Chinthu chachiwiri chomwe chimathandizira kuti matendawa ayambe kudwala chimawonedwa ngati wonenepa kwambiri.

Komanso, matenda am'mimba amayamba chifukwa cha kapamba. Izi zitha kukhala zovuta pantchito ya endocrine, khansa kapena kapamba.

Ngakhale matenda osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amatha kukula motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda oyambitsidwa ndi ma virus. Matendawa ndi monga fuluwenza, rubella, hepatitis, nthomba ndi ena.

Kuphatikiza apo, zovuta za endocrine nthawi zambiri zimawonekera pambuyo pamavuto amanjenje. Inde, malinga ndi ziwerengero, ukalamba, wophatikizidwa ndi zochitika zam'maganizo, zimangokulitsa mwayi wofanana ndi matenda a shuga a 2 kwa okalamba, komanso umapangitsa zovuta zake.

Kuphatikiza apo, mwa odwala omwe akuchita ntchito zaluso, shuga wambiri amadziwika nthawi zambiri kuposa omwe amagwira ntchito yolimbitsa thupi.

Chithunzi cha matenda ndi zovuta

Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za matenda ashuga mwa anthu opitilira 40 ndi:

1. kuchepa kwa masomphenya
2. kuyabwa ndi kuyanika pakhungu,
3. kukokana
4. ludzu losalekeza
5. Kutupa kwa m'munsi,
6. kukodza pafupipafupi.

Komabe, kuti mutsimikizire matendawa, zizindikiro zonse sizofunikira. Kupezeka kwa chizindikiro 1 kapena 2 ndikokwanira.

Type 2 shuga mellitus mwa omwe ali ndi zaka zopuma pantchito nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa ndi kuwonongeka kwakanema, ludzu, malaise ndi kuchiritsa kwakali kwa mabala.

Ukalamba ndi woopsa ndi zovuta zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi mu mtima. Chifukwa chake, odwala nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi atherosclerosis yamitsempha yama coronary yomwe imakhudza ziwiya zamiyendo, zomwe zingayambitse matenda osokoneza bongo. Ndipo izi zimabweretsa zotupa zazikulu za phazi ndikudulanso kwina.

Mavuto ambiri a shuga ndi awa:

• mapangidwe a abscess
• kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe (cataract, retinopathy),
• kupweteka kwa mtima
• kutupa
• matenda a kwamkodzo thirakiti.

Zotsatira zina zowopsa za matenda a shuga ndi kulephera kwa impso. Kuphatikiza apo, dongosolo lamanjenje limatha kukhudzidwa, zomwe zimatsogolera ku mawonekedwe a neuropathy.

Vutoli limadziwika ndi zizindikiro monga kupweteka, kuwotcha m'miyendo ndikuwonongeka kwamphamvu.

Kuzindikira ndi kulandira mankhwala

Matenda a shuga okalamba ndizovuta kuzindikira. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti ngakhale shuga atakhala m'magazi akachuluka, ndiye kuti shuga mumkodzo amatha kupezeka kwathunthu.

Chifukwa chake, kukalamba kumapangitsa munthu kuti azimufufuza chaka chilichonse, makamaka ngati ali ndi nkhawa ya atherosulinosis, matenda oopsa, matenda a mtima, a nephropathy komanso matenda a pakhungu la purulent. Kukhazikitsa kukhalapo kwa hyperglycemia kumalola kuonetsa - 6.1-6.9 mmol / L., Ndipo zotsatira za 7.8-11.1 mmol / L zikuwonetsa kuphwanya kulekerera kwa shuga.

Komabe, maphunziro ololera a glucose sangakhale olondola. Izi ndichifukwa choti ndi zaka, chidwi cha maselo mpaka shuga chimachepa, ndipo mulingo wazomwe umapezeka m'magazi umakhala wambiri kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kuphatikiza apo, kudziwika kuti ali ndi vuto lodetsa matendawa kumakhalanso kovuta, chifukwa zizindikiro zake ndizofanana ndi kuwonongeka kwa mapapo, kulephera kwa mtima ndi ketoacidosis.

Izi nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa chakuti matenda ashuga apezeka kale kumapeto. Chifukwa chake, anthu azaka zopitilira 45 ayenera kukhala ndi mayeso a glucose pakatha zaka ziwiri zilizonse.

Kuthandizira odwala matenda ashuga okalamba ndi ntchito yovuta, chifukwa ali kale ndi matenda ena okhalitsa komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuti athetse vutoli, dokotalayo amapereka mankhwala osiyanasiyana ochokera m'magulu osiyanasiyana kupita kwa wodwala.

Chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo okalamba odwala matenda ashuga chimaphatikizapo kumwa mitundu ya mankhwala monga:

1. Metformin
2. glitazones
3. zochokera sulfonylurea,
4. Ma Clinid
5. glyptins.

Shuga wokwera nthawi zambiri amachepetsedwa ndi Metformin (Klukofazh, Siofor). Komabe, imayikidwa pokhapokha kusefa kwa impso ndipo ngati palibe matenda omwe amachititsa hypoxia. Ubwino wa mankhwalawa ndikuthandizira njira zama metabolic, sizimathetsanso kapamba ndipo sizimathandizira pakuwoneka kwa hypoglycemia.

Glitazones, monga Metformin, imatha kukulitsa chidwi cha maselo amafuta, minofu ndi chiwindi kuti insulini. Komabe, ndi pancreatic depletion, kugwiritsa ntchito thiazolidatediones kulibe tanthauzo.

Glitazones imaphatikizidwanso m'mavuto ndi mtima ndi impso. Komanso, mankhwala ochokera ku gululi ndi owopsa chifukwa amathandizira kuti calcium ikhale m'mafupa. Ngakhale mankhwalawa samachulukitsa chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia.

Zochokera ku sulfonylureas zimakhudza maselo a beta a kapamba, chifukwa chomwe amayamba kupanga insulin mwachangu. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndizotheka mpaka kapamba atatha.

Koma zochokera ku sulfonylurea zimabweretsa zotsatirapo zingapo zoyipa:

• kuchuluka kwa hypoglycemia,
• Mtheradi komanso kusasinthika kwa kapamba,
• kunenepa.

Nthawi zambiri, odwala amayamba kutenga mankhwala ochokera ku sulfonylurea, ngakhale ali ndi zoopsa zilizonse, kuti asayambitse insulin. Komabe, machitidwe oterewa amakhala ovulaza thanzi, makamaka ngati zaka za wodwalayo zikufika zaka 80.

Ma Clinides kapena meglitinides, komanso zotumphukira za sulfonylurea, amachititsa kupanga insulin. Ngati mumamwa mankhwalawa musanadye, ndiye kuti nthawi yawo yokhala pakulimbitsa kuchokera kwa mphindi 30 mpaka 90.

Zoyipa zotsutsana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito meglitinides ndizofanana ndi sulfonylureas. Ubwino wa ndalama zotere ndikuti amatha kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi ndikatha kudya.

Gliptins, makamaka Glucagon-ngati peptide-1, ndi mahomoni a insretin. Maepeptidyl peptidase-4 zoletsa amachititsa kapamba kuti apange insulin, zoletsa zobisika za glucagon.

Komabe, GLP-1 imagwira ntchito pokhapokha shuga ikakwezedwa. Mu kapangidwe ka gliptins pali Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin ndi Vildagliptin.

Ndalama izi zimasokoneza chinthu chomwe chimawononga kwambiri ku GLP-1. Mutatha kumwa mankhwalawa, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'magazi kumawonjezeka pafupifupi kawiri. Zotsatira zake, kapamba amayambitsa, omwe amayamba kupanga insulin mwachangu.

Mankhwala othandizira pakudya ndi njira zopewera

Matenda a shuga okalamba amafuna zakudya zina. Cholinga chachikulu cha zakudya ndi kuchepa thupi. Kuti muchepetse kudya mafuta m'thupi, munthu amafunika kusintha zakudya zopatsa mphamvu.

Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo ayenera kulemeretsa chakudya ndi masamba atsopano, zipatso, mitundu yochepa yamafuta ndi nsomba, mankhwala amkaka, chimanga ndi chimanga. Ndipo maswiti, makeke, batala, ma broths olemera, tchipisi, zonunkhira, nyama zosuta, zakumwa zoledzeretsa komanso zotsekemera zimayenera kutayidwa.

Komanso, kudya matenda a shuga kumaphatikizapo kudya magawo osachepera 5 pa tsiku. Ndipo chakudya chamadzulo chikuyenera kukhala maola 2 asanagone.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi njira yabwino yodzitetezera ku matenda ashuga omwe amapuma pantchito. Ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse, mutha kukwaniritsa zotsatirazi:

1. kuthamanga kwa magazi
2. letsa kuwoneka kwa atherosulinosis,
3. Sinthani chidwi chathu.

Komabe, katunduyo ayenera kusankhidwa kutengera thanzi la wodwalayo komanso mikhalidwe yake. Njira yabwino ikhoza kukhala yoyenda kwa mphindi 30-60 mu mpweya wabwino, kusambira komanso kuyenda njinga. Muthanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi m'mawa kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi apadera.

Koma kwa okalamba, pali zotsutsana zingapo zolimbitsa thupi.Izi zimaphatikizapo kulephera kwambiri kwa impso, kubwezeretsedwa bwino kwa shuga, gawo lochulukirachulukira la retinopathy, angina pectoris ndi ketoacidosis wosakhazikika.

Ngati matenda a shuga apezeka mzaka 70-80, ndiye kuti kudwala kumeneku ndi koopsa kwambiri kwa wodwalayo. Chifukwa chake, angafunike chisamaliro chapadera munyumba yolumikizana, yomwe ingalimbitse thanzi la wodwalayo ndikuwonjezera moyo wake momwe angathere.

Chinthu china chofunikira chomwe chimachedwetsa kukula kwa kudalira kwa insulini ndikusungidwa kwa malingaliro abwino. Kupatula apo, kupanikizika kumawonjezera kukakamiza, komwe kumayambitsa vuto mu chakudya cha metabolism. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kukhala wodekha, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, tengani masisitere potengera timbewu tating'onoting'ono, valerian ndi zina. Kanemayo munkhaniyi ayankhula za zomwe zimachitika munthu akamadwala matenda ashuga.

Zolemba za matenda a shuga okalamba ndi zomwe zimayambitsa

Malinga ndi akatswiri odziwa bwino, odwala matenda ashuga okalamba amapezeka motsutsana ndi maziko a:

• kuchepa kwa kupangika ndi zochitika za mahomoni chifukwa cha kusintha kwamunthu.
• utachepa wa insulin,
• kuchepa kwa chidwi cha zimakhala ndi zida kuti insulin.

Chifukwa chakuchepa kwa maselo a thupi kupita ku insulin, popanda chithandizo chokwanira, kukana insulini kumayamba, komwe kumadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a matenda ashuga a 2 odwala okalamba. Makamaka otengeka ndi kukula kwa matenda a mtima ndi anthu omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri.

Chifukwa chazovuta zachuma, omwe amapuma pantchito ayenera kudya mosavomerezeka, amakonda zakudya zama calorie ambiri, zakudya zamafuta azakudya zamafuta ndi mafuta. Mu chakudya choterocho mumakhala mapuloteni ochepa komanso zakudya zomwe zimakumbidwa kwa nthawi yayitali.

Palibe amene anganyalanyaze matenda omwe amakhala ndi moyo wonse womwe munthu amakhala nawo moyo wake wonse. Kumwa mankhwala ena kuti athane ndi matenda, wodwalayo mwina sangaikire kuti amakhudza kagayidwe kazakudya. Mankhwala owopsa omwe amatsogolera ku matenda amtundu wa 2 okalamba ndi awa:

• ma steroid
• okodzetsa a mndandanda wa thiazide,
• zama psychotropics
• opanga beta.

Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ntchito zamagalimoto zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndimatenda ena, njira zamatumbo zimachitika m'mapumidwe, minofu ndi mafupa. Zotsatira zake, misa yamisempha imachepa, yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati chofunikira cha kuyambitsidwa kwa insulin.

Ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwonekera kwa matendawa:

• chibadwire
• kunenepa
• mavuto
• kusowa kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi
• kuperewera kwa chakudya.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga okalamba amafuna chisamaliro cha okondedwa.

Mwa kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa penshoni, ochepa okha kuchokera ku achinyamata omwe amakhala ndi moyo wathanzi ndikudya moyenera. Chifukwa chake, mu zaka zaukalamba, munthu aliyense amakhala ndi chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2.

Zofunika! Chofunikira chachikulu cha matendawa okalamba ndichakuti pamimba yopanda kanthu mwaopitilira theka la ozunzidwa, hyperglycemia palibe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matendawa adziwe.

Koma mutatha kudya, zomwe zimakhala mumagazi zimakwera kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuzindikira matenda, zizindikiro ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa pokhapokha pamimba yopanda kanthu, komanso mukatha kudya.

Zizindikiro zake

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za anthu odwala okalamba ndizovuta kuzizindikira. Mwa anthu ambiri, matendawa amapezeka mwamwayi akapereka mayeso a shuga limodzi ndi mayeso ena othandizira odwala matenda osachiritsika. Matenda a shuga okalamba nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu mawonekedwe otsika.

Odwala amalandila zodandaula za:

• kutopa kwambiri
• ulesi
• kumva ludzu (chizindikiro chachikulu)
• chizolowezi cha matenda am'mapapo,
• kuchiritsa mabala akhungu,
• matenda otupa
• kunenepa.

Matenda a wodwalayo akuipiraipiraipira chifukwa cha zomwe zimapangitsa izi:

• nkhawa, nkhawa, zovuta
• matenda opatsirana
• matenda oopsa,
• vuto la mtima kapena stroko,
• ischemia.

Kodi kuopsa kwa matenda obwera ndi shuga ndi kotani kwa okalamba?

Pazaka zonse, matenda ashuga a 2 ndi owopsa kwambiri, koma kwa okalamba ndi omwe amakhala owopsa kwambiri. Ndi matenda awa, mitsempha yam'mimba imatchulidwa.

Odwala akuvutika ndi:

1. Macroangiopathy, chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a atherosulinosis. Poterepa, pali chitukuko cha ischemia, mtima, zotupa zam'mimba.
2. Microangiopathy. Mwa odwala matenda ashuga okalamba, matenda amayamba kale kwambiri kuposa odwala. Masomphenya amachepa, impso zimavutika, ma cellvessel am'munsi amakhudzidwa.
3. Matenda a shuga. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwambiri kwa chidwi, ma cellcracks mawonekedwe kumapazi, khungu limawuma, limasunthika, kutaya kwake komanso kulimba, ndipo kutupa kumachitika. Mawonekedwe a phazi akusintha. Mtsogolomo, mabala ndi zilonda zopanda machiritso zimawonekera. M'magulu apamwamba, kuchitapo kanthu kwa opaleshoni kumafunikira komwe kumadulidwa chiwalo.
4. Polyneuropathy (kuvutika ndi mitsempha yambiri), momwe minyewa yamkati imakhudzidwira. Pali zowawa m'miyendo, kumverera kwa tsekwe zolumikizira khungu, dzanzi pakhungu, kuchepa kwa chidwi ndi mphamvu.

Okalamba nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto la kusungulumwa, kusokonezeka kwina, kusowa thandizo, mavuto azachuma. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala vuto lalikulu la matenda amisala, kukhumudwa, matenda a anorexia. Matenda a shuga odwala achikulire nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta chifukwa amakumbukira, kusokonezeka kwa chidwi ndi mavuto ena ndi ubongo. Chiwopsezo chotenga Alzheimer's chikukula. Nthawi zambiri kwa odwala oterowo, ntchito yofunika si chithandizo ndikuchotsa matenda ashuga, koma chidwi, chisamaliro, chisamaliro chazachipatala choperekedwa ndi ena.

Momwe mungachiritsire matenda ashuga okalamba

Kuti muyambe kulandira chithandizo, ndikofunikira kuzindikira matendawa ndikupanga maphunziro ena owonjezera pazowonjezera shuga m'magazi ndi mkodzo. Kuphatikiza apo, mkodzo acetone watsimikiza, ntchito ya impso imapezeka. Wodwalayo amapita kukayezetsa ndi ophthalmologist, katswiri wamitsempha yamagazi, kuthamanga kwa magazi m'munsi m'munsi ndipo ubongo umayesedwa.

Matenda a shuga okalamba amafunikira chithandizo chokwanira. Ndikofunikira kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, kutsatira zakudya zapadera, mankhwala omwe amathandizidwa ndi wowerengeka azitsamba samachotsedwa. Chithandizo cha matendawa chimakhazikika pamalangizo ena omwe amathandizira kufikira wodwala aliyense payekha ndikupereka thandizo lalikulu:

• chizolowezi chopenda zovuta za matenda,
• matenda amtima
• matenda ashuga
• kuthekera kutsata mwayekha malangizo a dokotala.

Mankhwala

Mankhwala angapo apangidwa kuchiza matenda awa. Nthawi zambiri, okalamba odwala matenda ashuga amalembedwa:

1. Metformin, adaganizapo ngati nambala wani wowerengeka pakuchiza anthu achikulire omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri. Mankhwalawa amathandizidwa kuti azigwira bwino ntchito ya impso komanso kusapezeka kwa matenda omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale matenda a impso a minofu ndi zida. Mankhwalawa amachepetsa shuga m'magazi ndipo amathandizanso munthu wodwala matenda ashuga.
2. Thiazolidinediones, kukulitsa chiwopsezo cha minyewa ya zochita za insulin. Mankhwala ophatikizana amtunduwu salimbikitsidwa ku matenda a impso ndi mtima.
3. Mimetics, jekeseni wa subcutaneous. Mankhwalawa amathandizira kuchepetsa kunenepa.
4. Acarbose, mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kukonza kwa zovuta zam'mimba. Zotsatira zake, shuga wochepa amaperekedwa m'magazi.

Kuphatikiza apo, madokotala amapereka mankhwala a insulin kwa odwala okalamba, omwe amawongolera kwambiri thanzi lawo.

Zopatsa Thanzi ndi Zakudya

Zakudya zoyenera ndizofunikira pakuchiza matenda a shuga a 2.Mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya chamagulu omwe amalowa mthupi amayenera kukhala osamala bwino. Ndi kulemera kwabwinobwino kwa wodwala, tebulo la kalori wotsika limasonyezedwa. Pa gawo lowongolera, chakudya chama hypercaloric tikulimbikitsidwa - phunzirani zakudya za m'matebulo 9 a odwala matenda ashuga.

Akatswiri amalangizidwa kuti muzimadya chakudya kangapo patsiku la 5-6 patsiku m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, omwe amatha kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi molingana ndi zodziwika bwino. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, magawo a mkate amawerengedwa, omwe amafunikira kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa insulini yomwe imayikidwa musanadye chakudya chilichonse (muyezo umodzi sayenera kupitirira 6-7 XE).

Akuluakulu odwala matenda ashuga amalimbikitsidwa:

• Pewani kunenepa kwambiri,
• gwiritsani ntchito nsomba zam'madzi, chifukwa ali ndi zinthu zambiri zamchere zomwe zimathandizira kupanga insulin,
• osatha 10 g ya mchere wa tebulo patsiku,
• kukana zakumwa za mkaka wowawasa wokhala ndi mafuta ambiri, nyama zosuta, zonunkhira, maapulogalamu, osakonda mafuta ochulukirapo komanso zakudya zopatsa thanzi.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi

Kuchita bwino mankhwala kumathandizira kulipira odwala okalamba. Aliyense amasankha kuchuluka kwake kwazinthu, poganizira zovuta komanso zovuta zokhala nazo. Sikufunika kukankha kuchokera pansi kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ngati masewera olimbitsa thupi achinyamata.

Anthu okalamba odwala matenda ashuga amafunika kuyamba ndi theka la maola. Mtsogolomo, amayamba masewera olimbitsa thupi, omwe:

• onjezerani zamtundu wa insulin,
• letsa matenda am'madzi,
• kumayambitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Wodwala aliyense amasankha mtundu woyenera wa masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti makalasiwo akhale othandiza, komanso asangalale.

Maphunziro olimbitsa thupi kwa odwala matenda ashuga okalamba ayenera kuyimitsidwa ndi:

Doctor of Medical Science, Mutu wa Institute of Diabetesology - Tatyana Yakovleva

Ndakhala ndikuphunzira matenda a shuga kwa zaka zambiri. Zimakhala zowopsa anthu ambiri akamwalira, ndipo makamaka amakhala olumala chifukwa cha matenda ashuga.

Ndithamangira kunena mbiri yabwino - Endocrinological Research Center ya Russian Academy of Medical Sayansi yakwanitsa kupanga mankhwala omwe amachiritsiratu matenda ashuga. Pakadali pano, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa mankhwalawa kuyandikira 98%.

Nkhani ina yabwino: Unduna wa Zaumoyo wateteza kukhazikitsidwa kwa pulogalamu yapadera yomwe imalipira mtengo wa mankhwalawo. Ku Russia, odwala matenda ashuga mpaka Meyi 18 (kuphatikiza) nditha kuipeza - Kwa ma ruble 147 okha!

• kubwezeredwa kwa matenda ashuga
• ketoacidosis,
• angina pectoris
• kuwonongeka kwamitsempha komwe kumaphwanya magazi ku retina,
• aakulu aimpso kulephera.

Onani mndandanda ndi malangizo a masewera olimbitsa thupi apa. - diabetiya.ru/pomosh/fizkultura-pri-diabete.html

Zithandizo za anthu a mtundu wa shuga 2 kwa okalamba

Akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amadalira njira zosagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse, ndipo ali okondwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandizira pakulimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mtundu woyamba wa 2 ndi matenda ashuga. Pali nkhokwe yotsogola bwino, yomwe yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira kale. Asanalandire chithandizo chotere, kufunsira ndi katswiri wa matenda ashuga ndizovomerezeka, chifukwa zomwe zimapangidwira zomwe zimapangidwa zimatha kuvulaza munthu ngati chimodzi mwa izo chatsutsana.

Pansipa pali maphikidwe awiri otchuka a mankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga.

Chinsinsi choyamba

Muzu wa selulosi ndi dandelion, khungwa la aspen, ma nequecle nettle, nyemba (beshes), masamba a mabulosi amazidula ndikusakaniza. 15 g wa maphikidwe a phyto amasungunuka m'madzi ozizira owiritsa, amakakamizidwa kwa ola limodzi ndikuphika mu lawi la pang'onopang'ono kwa mphindi 6-7. Mafuta amachiritso amatsanuliridwa mu thermos, kudikirira maola 8-12, osasankhidwa. Onjezani ku madontho 50 amadzimadzi a tinction a mizu ya peony, Eleutherococcus ndi nettle madzi 15 akutsikira.

Tengani kulowetsedwa katatu patsiku kwa supuni yayikulu kwa miyezi 1.5. Kenako amasokoneza ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, abwereza njira yochizira.

Chinsinsi chachiwiri

Njira zina zimaphatikizira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ozikidwa pa Yerusalemu artichoke.Chomera cha muzuchi chimakhala ndi katundu wapadera, chifukwa chimaphatikizapo insulin. Kuchiritsa mankhwala ozizira kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikusintha kuchuluka kwa maselo, kusintha matendawa, kutsuka hepatocytes kuchokera kuzinthu zokhala ndi poizoni - nkhani yokhudza ku Yerusalemu artichoke ndi matenda ashuga.

Yerusalemu artichoke tincture wakonzedwa motere:

• 60 g ya masamba okhala m'mizere osakanizidwa ndi madzi okwanira 1 litre a madzi owiritsa,
• amadzimadzi amawotcha lawi laling'ono, amabwera ndi chithupsa ndi kuwiritsa kwa ola limodzi,
• kukakamiza kwa maola atatu.

Imwani kapu kotala katatu patsiku.

Phunzirani maphikidwe ena awiri wowerengeka:

Chinthu chachikulu chomwe muyenera kukumbukira ndikuti odwala achikulire, monga odwala achinyamata, matenda a shuga amakula chifukwa chokhala ndi moyo wosayenera. Pofuna kuti musakumane ndi matenda okalamba, muyenera kusiya zizolowezi zoyipa, kusewera masewera, kusungulumwa nthawi yayitali, kudya zakudya zabwino komanso zopatsa thanzi, kupewa kunenepa kwambiri, komanso kutsata magazi ndi shuga mwadongosolo.

Onetsetsani kuti mwaphunzira! Kodi mukuganiza kuti kuyamwa kwa mapiritsi ndi insulini kwa nthawi yonse yokhayo ndi njira yokhayo yosungira shuga m'manja? Sichowona! Mutha kutsimikizira izi nokha ndikuyamba kuzigwiritsa ntchito. werengani zambiri >>