Momwe shuga limakhalira mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 50: tebulo ndi zaka

Kupanga kwa insulini ya mahomoni kumathandiza kwambiri pa thanzi la munthu. Kupsinjika, kudya kopanda thanzi komanso kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi moyenera kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa dongosolo la endocrine lonse komanso kapamba. Pamene munthu ali ndi zaka zambiri, amatha kukhala ndi matenda ashuga amitundu iwiri.

Ndiye chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa miyezo ya shuga ya magazi kwa amuna, chifukwa malinga ndi ziwerengero za WHO, amakonda kwambiri matenda ashuga, atatha zaka 50. Ngati mutazindikira vutoli munthawi ndikuwonana ndi endocrinologist kuti mupeze chithandizo choyenera, mtsogolo, mutha kuchita popanda kubayira jakisoni.

Ngati mukuwonetsedwa kwa zizindikiro zina, zomwe zidzafotokozeredwe pansipa, muyenera kulankhulana ndi achipatala kuti mufufuze shuga. Otsatirawa ndi kufotokozera kwa zizindikirazo, shuga wodalirika kwa bambo wazaka makumi asanu komanso wazaka 60, ndipo njira zowathandizira zimawerengedwa.

Zizindikiro

Kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kuvomereze pa 50, dongosolo la endocrine liyenera kutulutsa kuchuluka koyenera kwa insulin.

Zimachitikanso kuti kapamba amagwira ntchito nthawi zonse ndipo insulin imapangidwa, koma vuto ndikuti maselo amthupi samazindikira.

Zizindikiro za kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga pambuyo pazaka 51 ndi kupitilira zili motere:

kutopa,
kuchepa kwa masomphenya
ludzu
mpweya wabwino
kuwonda mwadzidzidzi kapena kuchepa thupi,
ngakhale mabala ang'ono samachira
thukuta
pafupipafupi magazi.

Ngati chimodzi mwazizindikiro zomwe tatchulazi zikuwoneka, ndiye kuti muyenera kulumikizana ndi endocrinologist kuti mumupime mayeso oyenera. Kupatula apo, matendawa amatha kuchitika popanda zizindikiro zotchulidwa komanso chaka, kapena ziwiri, koma zimayambitsa mavuto osaneneka ku thanzi la munthu, kusokoneza ntchito ya thupi lonse.

Inde, mutha kuyeza shuga m'magazi komanso kunyumba ndi glucometer (magazi amatengedwa kuchokera ku chala), ngati alipo. Koma ndikwabwino kukaonana ndi dotolo kuti amupatse magazi kuchokera mu mtsempha - kuwunikaku kumakhala kolondola komanso kudzasankhidwa ndi katswiri wazachipatala, malinga ndi mbiri ya wodwalayo. Kuyeza kwa shuga kumaletsedwa mutatha kudya.

Pakuwunika koyambirira, wodwalayo amayenera kutenga yekha pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Ntchito wamba

Kukula kwa shuga m'magazi mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 50 sikusiyana konse ndi zisonyezo ngakhale atakalamba kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, wazaka 55, kapena ngakhale 60. Gome ili pansipa likuwonetsa pamene shuga m'magazi ili mkati mwa zovomerezeka.

Mukadutsa kusanthula koyamba, amuna azaka 52 ndi kupitilira amafunika kuwunikira pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndipo chakudya chomaliza chikhala pafupifupi maola 9 apitawa. Dotoloyo akupereka mankhwala ochepetsa magazi. Mulingo wovomerezeka ndi kuyambira 3.9 mmol / L mpaka 5.6 mmol / L. Kutumiza kungaperekedwenso kukayezetsa magazi mukatha kudya, pafupifupi maola awiri atha kudya. Apa chizindikirocho chizikhala chokwera ndipo izi ndi zabwinobwino, chifukwa thupi limakumba chakudya, komanso chakudya chamafuta omwe akudya. Shuga wamba wamagazi pansi pa izi amachokera ku 4.1 mmol / L mpaka 8,2 mmol / L.

Pali njira yosanthula mwachisawawa. Imachitika tsiku lonse, kaya wodwala adya bwanji. Ngati kapamba ikugwira ntchito mwachizolowezi, ndiye kuti ndende yamagazi ndimagulu osiyanasiyana kuyambira 4.1 mmol / L mpaka 7.1 mmol / L.

Gulu la endocrinologists latenga miyezo yodziwika yomwe imawonetsa matenda ashuga kapena mkhalidwe wa prediabetes mwa amuna azaka zapakati pa 50 mpaka 54, komanso zaka 56 - 59. Mwachizolowezi, mu gulu lakubadwa lachiwiri, kusinthasintha kungachuluke mpaka 0,2 mmol / L.

Matenda a shuga ndi mkhalidwe wa munthu akapatsidwa mwayi wokhala ndi chiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Anthu ambiri akudzifunsa, kodi shuga ndimatundu otani a shuga ndi prediabetes pa 53 ndi 57? Yankho lake ndi losavuta - Zizindikiro zomwezo ndizovomerezeka kwa zaka 50-60.

Otsatirawa ndi zizindikiro za shuga wamagazi, poganizira kuwunika kwa katundu. Zimatanthawuza kudya kwa glucose, komwe kumagulitsidwa ku pharmacy iliyonse. Choyamba, bamboyo amayesa pamimba yopanda kanthu, kenako namwa shuga, ndipo patatha maola awiri, amayambiranso. Izi zimakupatsani mwayi kuwona chithunzi chonse cha kapamba.

Izi ndizizindikiro zodziwika bwino:

prediabetes: 5.55 - 6.94 mmol / l, nthawi ya katundu 7,78 - 11.06 mmol / l,
matenda ashuga, pakubweretsa kusanthula pamimba yopanda kanthu: kuyambira 7.0 mmol / l ndi pamwamba, ndi katundu 11.1 mmol / l,
shuga wabwinobwino pakuphunzira magazi ochepa - kuyambira 3.5 mmol / l mpaka 5.5 mmol / l,
shuga wabwinobwino waminyewa yamagazi ya venous - 6.1 mmol / l, kuchuluka kwake kumawonetsa prediabetes.

Ngati wodwalayo akuganiza kuti muyeso wa shuga sunachitike molondola, kapena ngati iye sanatsatire malamulo okonzekera kusanthula, ndibwino kuti mubwerezenso. Ngati matenda a prediabetes apezeka, palibe chifukwa choti sayenera kunyalanyazidwa. Zowonadi, kusowa kwa chithandizo ndikutsatira malangizo a dokotala kungapangitse kukula kwa matenda a shuga a insulin.

Zomwe zingasokoneze chithunzi chachipatala cha kusanthula

Thupi laumunthu limazindikira zambiri pazinthu zakunja, ndipo mukadutsa mayeso a shuga, muyenera kuganizira kuti zina mwazo zimatha kupotoza chithunzi cha chipatala. Kupsinjika, kumwa mowa kwaposachedwa komanso matenda angapo kumakhudza kupanga bwino kwa insulin.

Ngati imodzi mwazipangazi ilipo, ndiye kuti izi zimakhudza mwachangu kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi:

sitiroko
vuto la mtima
Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome,
insulinoma.

Matendawa ndi osowa, amawonekera amuna atatha zaka 53. Insulinoma ndi chotupa chomwe chimayambitsa kupanga kwambiri kwa insulin, zizindikiro zikuchokera ku 2.9 mmol / L.

Lamulo lalikulu mukamayesa shuga ndikuti chakudya chomaliza chikhala pafupifupi maola 8 apitawa.

M'mawa, ndizoletsedwa kumwa zakumwa zilizonse kupatula madzi.

Njira zopewera

Kuti thupi likhale lathanzi, muyenera kukhala ndi moyo wokangalika ndikudya moyenera. Ichi ndiye fungulo la chipambano ndi kupewa matenda ashuga. Ngakhale wodwalayo ali ndi zaka 58, palibe chifukwa chokanira kuchira. Zimathandizira kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi. Mutha kuyambiranso kuyenda mumlengalenga, mphindi 45 patsiku, tsiku lililonse. Ndikofunikanso kuganizira zosankha monga kusambira ndi kuyenda.

Zakudya zoyenera ndizofunikira komanso zofunikira kwambiri kupewa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2. Ndipo popanga matenda, wodwalayo ayenera kutsatira malamulo onse azakudya ndikutsatira mndandanda wazinthu zomwe walola adokotala. Chakudya chizikhala ndi chakudya chamagulu ochepa. Pazinthu zopangidwa ndi ufa, maswiti, mafuta ndi yokazinga ziyenera kuiwalika kwamuyaya.

Zimachitika kuti ndi zaka, kawirikawiri zitatha zaka 57, munthu amayamba kunenepa pang'ono, ndipo chaka chilichonse chiwerengero pamasikelo chimakweza. Monga zatsimikiziridwa kale ndi madotolo, anthu onenepa kwambiri amadwala matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri kuposa anzawo awonda. Chifukwa chake, kunenepa kwambiri kumayenera kumenyedwa, chifukwa matenda a shuga komanso kunenepa kwambiri ndi "malo oyandikira".

Palibe chomwe mungachititse kuti thupi lizikhala ndi njala - izi zimapangitsa kulumpha m'magazi a magazi, koma simungathe kudya kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kusamala chakudya ndikugawa chakudya chambiri 5 - 6, makamaka nthawi imodzi. Lamuloli lithandiza thupi kupanga insulini, komanso kusintha magwiridwe am'mimba.

Zakudya zonse siziyenera kukhala zamafuta, izi zimagwiranso ntchito pa zinthu zopangidwa mkaka - zonona wowawasa, tchizi. Batala tsopano aletsedwa. Kefir yamafuta ochepa adzakhala chakudya chabwino kwambiri, koma osapitirira 300 ml patsiku. Mwa nyama yolimbikitsidwa ndi nkhuku, palibe khungu, nthawi zina mungathe kudya nyama yokonda.

Zakudya zonse zimakhala zophika kapena zaphika. Mchere wokhala ndi mchere wambiri, wotsekemera komanso wowotchera umakulitsa shuga wambiri, komanso zakudya zamafuta monga mpunga ndi semolina.

Ndikofunikira kuwonjezera kumwa kwa madzi oyera, osachepera malita awiri patsiku. Madzi ndi zakumwa za kaboni zimaletsedwa mu matenda ashuga komanso prediabetes. Ngati pali chidwi chofuna kumwa madzi, ndiye kuti ayenera kuchepetsedwa muyezo wa 1 mpaka 3, koma osapitirira 75 ml ya mankhwala abwino.

Mowa umaletsedweratu, muyenera kuyesetsanso kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Ngati bambo ali ndi matenda ashuga, kapena prediabetes, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitsamba - kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga mankhwala azitsamba. Ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti kuyambira nthawi yomwe amalembetsa ndi endocrinologist, wodwala amakakamizidwa kumuuza zakukhazikitsidwa kwa zakudya zatsopano ndi zakumwa m'zakudya, ngati zomwe sizikuphatikizidwa mndandanda wazololedwa.

Chithandizo cha anthu

Nyemba za nyemba zodziwika kalekale chifukwa cha ntchito zawo zakuchiritsa matenda ashuga. Zonsezi zimafotokozeredwa ndikuti zidolezo zimakhala ndi mapuloteni omwe amafanana ndi puloteni yamasamba. Ndipo insulin ndi mapuloteni.

Kukonzekera koyenera kwa nyemba kuchokera ku nyemba za nyemba ndi kudya kwawo kumatha kukhalabe ndi shuga kwa maola 7. Ingoyesani, ndipo kanani jakisoni wa insulin, pogwiritsa ntchito decoction m'malo mwake.

Chithandizo cha kutenga decoction ndichitali - theka la chaka. Pambuyo pa nthawi iyi, zotsatira zake zidzaonekera. Chinsinsi cha msuzi ndi motere: mu blender, nyemba zouma zouma zimaphwanyidwa ndiye kusasinthika kwa ufa. 55 magalamu a zotsatira zake zimatsanuliridwa mu thermos ndipo 400 ml ya madzi otentha amathira. Kuumirira maola 12. Chiwembu chovomerezeka - mphindi 20 asanadye, katatu patsiku. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akupereka chidziwitso cha zoyamba zizindikiro za matenda ashuga.

Ma Horoni omwe amakhudza kagayidwe kazakudya mthupi

Glucose amapangidwa kuchokera ku sucrose ya chakudya, glycogen, wowuma, ndipo amapangidwa kuchokera ku chiwindi glycogen, amino acid, lactate, glycerol.
Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana kumatengera kuchuluka kwa insulin komanso kuthekera kwake kopereka shuga m'maselo. Koma mthupi muli ma mahomoni omwe ali ndi vuto la hyperglycemic. Izi ndi:

Njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendetsera zimatsimikizira kagayidwe kazachilengedwe ndipo zimazindikira shuga. Zomwe zimachitika mwa abambo zimasintha ndi zaka.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga

Mulingo wa shuga wamagazi mwa amuna azaka zilizonse ndi 3.5-5,5 mmol / l. Mukamatenga magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha, 6.1 mmol / L imawerengedwa ngati chizindikiro chovomerezeka. Pamwambapa mtengowu ndi kale chizindikiro cha prediabetes.

Ndi kuchuluka kuchulukirapo, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimawonedwa:

• kuphwanya chitetezo chathupi,

• Kunenepa kwambiri ndi chidwi chambiri,

• maume owuma;

• polyuria, yomwe imatchulidwa usiku,

• kuchiritsa kwamabala

• kuyabwa kwa maliseche kapena kufufuma.

Kusintha konseku kumachitika ngati mulingo wamagazi uchuluka. Mwa amuna azaka 50, zizindikirozi zimatchulidwa kwambiri.

Mavuto owonjezera shuga

Mwazi wamagazi (ngati utachuluka) sugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mphamvu, koma umasinthidwa kukhala triglycerides, omwe amasungidwa ngati mafuta osafunikira kapena kudziunjikira m'magazi, momwe amathandizira kupanga mapangidwe a atherosranceotic plaques.

Matenda a shuga ndi kudziwikiratu kwa matendawa

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe mitundu yonse ya kagayidwe imavutika, makamaka chakudya.

Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mwa abambo omwe ali ndi izi:

• kudwala kwa abale,

• prediabetes (shuga wowonjezera kuposa wabwinobwino),

• cholesterol yayikulu,

• kumangokhala

• mbiri ya angina pectoris, kugunda kwa mtima kapena sitiroko,

Zinthu zonsezi zomwe zili pamwambazi ndizodziwika bwino kwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi zaka 45 kapena kupitirira.

Kuopsa kwa hyperglycemia

Mulingo wovomerezeka wa shuga wamagazi mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 50 wafika pa 5.5 mmol / l m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu ndipo mpaka 6.2 mmol / l musanadye nkhomaliro kapena chakudya chamadzulo. Kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndikosayenera.

Shuga amavulaza maselo kudzera m'njira zosiyanasiyana ndipo amathandizanso kuti pakhale matenda osiyanasiyana mwa okalamba:

• kuwonongeka kwa retina,

• zamkati ndi venous,

• kuchepa kwa magazi,

• Kuchulukitsa kwina kwama radicals omasuka.

Izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha machitidwe a oncological. Mu maphunziro a amuna, kuchuluka kwa glucose kunayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa kufa kwa khansa ya kupukusa kwam'mimba (nthawi zambiri) ndi khansa yazinthu zina.

Mchitidwe wamagulu a shuga mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 60 umachulukitsidwa pang'ono. Komabe, zizindikiro pamwambapa 5.5-6.0 mmol / l ziyenera kuchenjeza, popeza pakadali pano pali chiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda osiyanasiyana. Matenda a mtima, matenda a mtima ndi minyewa ya m'magazi, matendawa ndi matenda omwe amayenda ndi matenda ashuga komanso prediabetes. Kuphatikiza apo, kusokonezeka kosasinthika m'malo a cell mu ziwalo zambiri ndi machitidwe ndizotheka. Mapeto a impso, maso, ndi mitsempha zimakhudzidwa makamaka ndi shuga wambiri.

Chifukwa chake, ndi kukalamba kwa amuna, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi popanda kudya kwambiri kumachuluka, ndipo thanzi limachepa.

Njira Zodziwitsira

Shuga wamagazi amayeza ndi glucometer komanso pophunzira magazi a venous. Kusiyana kowerengedwa ndi 12%, ndiye kuti, mu labotale, ndikutsimikiza molondola kwambiri, mulingo wa shuga umaposa pakuwunika dontho la magazi. Komabe, glucometer ndi njira yosavuta yoyendetsera shuga, koma imawonetsa zinthu zosapindulitsa, chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa shuga mwa abambo kukapitilira, kuwunika mu labotale kungatsimikizire kapena kutsutsa kupezeka koyambirira.

Kuzindikira matenda ashuga komanso prediabetes, kulolera kwama glucose ndi hemoglobin wa glycated kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuwunika kwa kulolera kwa glucose ndikutsimikiza kwa insulin sensitivity, kuthekera kwa maselo a glucose kuti azindikire timadzi timeneti. Uku ndikusanthula kwamtundu wa shuga. Kusanthula koyamba kumatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndiye kuti 75 g ya shuga amamwa ndikuwonetsa pafupipafupi kwa mphindi 120.

Zizindikiro zakuzindikira matenda ashuga

Association of Endocrinologists yatenga mawonekedwe omwe angatsutse matenda ashuga ndi prediabetes. Zizindikiro zama khungu:

Matenda a shuga - 5.56-6.94 mmol / L.

Prediabetes - shuga wa magazi 7.78-11.06 mawola awiri mutatha kudya magalamu 75 a shuga.

Matenda a shuga - magazi othamanga a 7 mmol / L kapena apamwamba.

Matenda a shuga - shuga m'magazi 11.11 mmol / L kapena kupitilira pambuyo maola 2 pambuyo poti anthu athetse shuga.

Shuga mellitus: mwangozi mwapezeka shuga wamagazi - 11.11 mmol / L kapena zambiri kuphatikiza zizindikiro za matenda ashuga.

Ngati pali chikaiko chilichonse chokhudzana ndi matendawa, kuunikiridwa kuyenera kubwerezedwa tsiku lotsatira. Ngakhale matenda a prediabetes samawoneka mwanjira iliyonse, amapanga molimba mtima kukhala shuga.

Kudziwitsa kwa hemoglobin wa glycated kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga tsiku lililonse kwa miyezi iwiri. Zambiri zimatha kuyambitsa chisonyezo: Matenda a impso, hemoglobin, zamadzimadzi, etc. Pakuzindikira matenda ashuga, kuwunika kumeneku sikothandiza. Kufunika kwake kwa kubereka kumapangidwa ndikuti kumakuthandizani kuti mufufuze momwe wodwalayo amalamulirira shuga m'magazi.

Kuwongolera nthawi yayitali kumathandizira kupewa komanso kupewa zina zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda ashuga. Komano, kuyendetsa bwino inshuwaransi ndi mankhwala ena a shuga kungakulitse chiopsezo cha matenda oopsa a hypoglycemia.

Endocrinologists amatsutsana kuti ndimtundu wanji wa shuga wamagazi mwa amuna omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Mlingo suyenera kupitirira 5.00 mmol / l pafupifupi nthawi yonse. Ngati zidutsa 5.28 mmol / L mukatha kudya, ndiye kuti mlingo wa insulini umalembedwa molondola ndipo zakudya zimatsatiridwa.