Magazi a shuga m'magazi omwe amawonedwa ngati abwinobwino

Kusungabe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatheka kudzera mu ntchito ya endocrine system. Ngati kagayidwe kazakudya kamakhala ndi vuto, izi zimayambitsa zosokoneza pakugwira ntchito kwamanjenje, kuphatikizapo ubongo, komanso kuwonongeka kwamitsempha yamagazi.

Shuga wamwazi wokwera nthawi zonse amatengedwa ngati chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda ashuga. Kuti mudziwe, kuyezetsa magazi kumachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso pambuyo pa kuthira shuga, komwe kumathandizira kuzindikira matendawa kumayambiriro.

Kuwunikira pafupipafupi momwe amawerengera shuga kumathandizanso chithandizo choyenera cha matenda ashuga komanso kupewa kukula kwa chikomokere komanso zovuta, zomwe zimaphatikizapo nephropathy, phokoso la matenda ashuga, retinopathy, komanso mtima.

Kodi mndandanda wam shuga umadalira chiyani?

Kuwonetsetsa kupitiliza kwa mphamvu kwa maselo amthupi kumatha kukhala ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi ndikutuluka kwake mosagwirizana ndi gawo. Kuphwanya kulikonse kwamakina awa kumadziwonetsera mu mawonekedwe a kupatuka kuchokera ku chizolowezi: hypoglycemia ndi kuchepa kwa shuga wamagazi kapena hyperglycemia ndi kukula kwake.

Chizindikiro chofananira cha kagayidwe kazakudya ndi 3.3 - 5.5 mmol / l posankha kusala kwamagazi m'magazi. Kusinthasintha mkati mwa 30% ya malirewa kumawonedwa kuti ndi kochepa ndipo, ngati sikunayambitsidwa ndi matenda, thupi lidzawabwezeretsa pamizere yomwe ikunenedwayi.

Izi zitha kukhala pachakudya (hyperglycemia mutatha kudya), nkhawa kapena thupi kwambiri (hyperglycemia munthawi yovutikira), kapena kutsika kwa shuga munthawi yanjala.

Mwazi wa shuga wamagazi umakhazikika ndi ntchito yoyanjanitsidwa ndi kapamba ndi mantha am'kati. Mahomoni a adrenal glands, mkhalidwe wamatumbo, impso ndi chiwindi zimakhudzanso msinkhu wa glycemia. Omwe amagwiritsa ntchito shuga ndi bongo ndi minofu, komanso minyewa ya adipose.

Pali mitundu ingapo yamalamulo a kagayidwe kazakudya:

Njira ya neural yolamulirira imachitika motere: pazokhumudwitsa za ulusi zomvera chisoni.
Izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa catecholamines wamagazi, omwe amayambitsa kusweka kwa glycogen ndikuwonjezera glycemia.

Ngati dipatimenti ya parasympathetic idayambika, izi zimaphatikizidwa ndi insulin yogwira ntchito komanso kulowa mwachangu kwa mamolekyu a glucose m'misempha yomwe imadalira insulin, yomwe imachepetsa shuga m'magazi.

Kukula kwa gawo la glucose metabolism kumadalira mulingo wake m'magazi. Gawo la malire a ndende pomwe mapangidwe ake mu chiwindi ndi ofanana ndi minyewa ndi 5.5-5.8 mmol / L.

Pa malo otsika, chiwindi chimayamba kupereka shuga m'magazi (kusweka kwa glycogen kumayambitsa). Ngati kuwerenga kwa shuga kuli kokulirapo, ndiye kuti glycogen mu minofu ndi ma cell a chiwindi ndiwofunika kwambiri.

Kuwongolera kwa mahormone kumachitika chifukwa cha ntchito ya dongosolo lonse la endocrine, koma insulini imakhala ndi kupendekera kwapadera kwamankhwala a shuga, pomwe ena onse amawonjezera. Kapangidwe ka insulin kamapezeka mu molekyu yayikulu, yomwe siyigwira ntchito ndipo imatchedwa proinsulin.

Malo omwe amapangira proinsulin ndi timinyewa tating'ono totseguka m'mapapo. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi, ma glucose receptors amayamba. Pambuyo pa izi, molekyulu ya proinsulin ikhoza kupakidwa mu insulin ndi mapuloteni omangika otchedwa C-peptide.

Malangizo a renal amapezeka pa glucose kusefera mu glomeruli ndi mayamwidwe ake obisika. Zotsatira zake, palibe shuga mumkodzo wachiwiri, womwe umatuluka m'thupi.

Ngati a impso masamu a m'magazi amadzaza ndi kuchuluka kwamadzi am'magazi, ndiye kuti amathira mkodzo. Glucosuria imachitika pambuyo poyambira kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi ozungulira.

Izi zimachitika ngati shuga wamwazi apamwamba kuposa 9 mmol / L.

Kuyesa kwa shuga m'magazi

Pakuchita kafukufuku wokhudza matenda a kagayidwe kazakudya, mawonekedwe a kusala kudya glycemia ndipo mutatha kudya amafotokozedwa. Pachifukwa ichi, njira yogwiritsira ntchito labotale kapena glucometer imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba.

Kusanthula kumachitika pambuyo pakupuma kwa maola 10 mukudya, kupatula masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusuta, kudya chakudya kapena zakumwa, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi akumwa oyera pang'ono kuti muchepetse ludzu lanu.

Ngati wodwala agwiritsa ntchito mankhwala aliwonse, ndiye kuti kusiya kwawo kuyenera kuvomerezana kaye ndi adokotala kuti apatsidwe zotsatira zabwino. Mtengo wodziwitsa ndi kuyezetsa magazi kochitika kawiri patsiku zosiyanasiyana.

Ma shuga a mmol / l pakafukufuku wamagazi athunthu:

• Kufikira 3,3 - hypoglycemia.
• 3-5,5 - shuga wamwazi ndi wabwinobwino.
• 6-6.1 - prediabetes.
• Pamwambapa 6.1 pali shuga.

Ngati mukukayikira kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazachilengedwe, TSH imachitika - kuyesa kwa glucose. Muyenera kukonzekera - kupatula kupsinjika kwamalingaliro m'masiku atatu, sipayenera kusinthidwa mu zakudya ndi matenda opatsirana.

Patsiku la mayeso, osachita nawo masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kulimbikira, musasute.

Kuyesa kulolera kwa glucose kumasonyezedwa pamaso pa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga, zimachitika ndi matenda oopsa, mafuta am'thupi kwambiri, azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, mazira a polycystic, mwana wobadwa ndi thupi lolemera kuposa 4.5 kg, onenepa kwambiri, olemedwa ndi chibadwa, atatha zaka 45.

Kuchita TSH kumaphatikizapo kuyezetsa magazi kwa glucose, kutenga 75 g ya shuga ndi madzi, ndiye kuti wodwalayo ayenera kupumulanso kwa maola awiri ndipo ayenera kukayezetsanso magazi ena.

Zotsatira zoyesedwa za shuga zimayesedwa motere:

1. Kulekerera kwa glucose kumayipa, matenda a shuga a m'mbuyomu: mayeso asanakwane 6.95 mmol / l, atatha kudya shuga - 7.8 - 11.1 mmol / l.
2. Mafuta othamanga osokoneza bongo: 1 muyeso - 6.1-7 mmol / L, zotsatira zachiwiri ndizosakwana 7.8 mmol / L.
3. Shuga mellitus: musanakweze - zopitilira 6.95, ndipo pambuyo - 11.1 mmol / l.
4. Norm: pamimba yopanda kanthu - osakwana 5.6 mmol / l, mutatha - osakwana 7.8 mmol / l.

Mafuta otsika

Hypoglycemia imamveka ngati kuchepetsa shuga kumafikira 2.75 mmol / L. Munthu wathanzi amatha kumva kuti alibe chidwi kapena zisonyezo zake zimakhala zochepa. Ndi shuga wokwezeka wambiri, kuwonetsa kwa hypoglycemia kumatha kuchitika ndi zomwe zili ndi shuga.

Bwinobwino kumatha kukhala kuchepa kwa thupi ndi kusokonezeka kwakutali pakudya kapena ntchito yayitali popanda kudya mokwanira. Kuchepetsa kwa shuga kwa shuga kumalumikizidwa ndi kumwa mankhwala kapena mowa, komanso ndi matenda.

Ana osabadwa obadwa nako amatha kutenga chiwopsezo cha hypoglycemia chifukwa amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwambiri kwa kulemera kwa ubongo, ndipo ubongo umadya shuga wambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, makanda sangathe kusintha shuga ndi matupi a ketone, chifukwa amakhala ndi organic ketogenesis.

Chifukwa chake, ngakhale shuga wocheperako, ngati ungachitike kwa nthawi yayitali, pambuyo pake umatha kudzetsa nzeru zakukula. Hypoglycemia imadziwika ndi ana akhanda asanakwane (mpaka 2,5 makilogalamu) kapena, ngati mayi ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Kusala kudya kwa hypoglycemia kumachitika ndi zotere:

• Adrenal cortex kusakwanira.
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a sulfonylurea kapena insulin.
• Insulin yowonjezera ndi insulinoma.
• Hypothyroidism
• Anorexia
• Matenda akulu a chiwindi kapena impso.
• Kutentha kwanthawi yayitali.
• Kusokonezeka kwa mayamwidwe m'matumbo, opaleshoni pamimba.
• Njira za tumor, kufooka kwa khansa.

Pachimake hypoglycemia akuwonetsedwa ndi kufooka, kuwona kuwonongeka, mutu, kufoka, chizungulire, dzanzi la ziwalo zamthupi, kupweteka. Zizindikirozi zimangokhala ndi kuperewera kwa ubongo.

Gulu lachiwiri la zizindikilo limayamba ndi kukakamiza kwa kutulutsidwa kwa mahomoni opsinjika: tachycardia, thukuta, palpitations, njala, manja akunjenjemera, pallor, kugwedeza zala, milomo. Tsitsi likayamba, phokoso lathanzi limayamba.

Zizindikiro zamankhwala za hypoglycemia yodwalayo zimachitika ndi kutsika kwamphamvu kwa shuga, komwe kumachitika mobwerezabwereza. Izi ndi monga: kusintha kwa umunthu, kuiwalaiwala, dementia, psychosis, mu ana - uku ndikuchedwa kuchepa, kubweza m'maganizo.

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia imawerengedwa kuti ndiwowonjezera kuchuluka kwa glucose pamtunda wa 5.5 mmol / L. Itha kuphatikizidwa ndi kudya kwa zakudya zamafuta, zomwe zimatengedwa mwachangu. Zosiyanasiyana zimatchedwa alimentary kapena postprandial. Kupsinjika kwa shuga kumachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu ya mahomoni - glucocorticoids ndi catecholamines omwe amapangidwa panthawiyi.

Pathological hyperglycemia imayamba ndikuwonjezeka kwa ntchito kapena chotupa mu ziwalo za endocrine - the gitu gland, pancreas, gren adrenal kapena gland. Matenda a shuga ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Limagwirira a chitukuko cha hyperglycemia mu matenda a shuga zimatengera zomwe zimachititsa. Mtundu woyamba wa matendawa umachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a chiwonongeko cha autoimmune cha maselo oteteza insulini. Kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wachiwiri, gawo lalikulu limasewera ndi kukana kwa insulin komwe kumachitika pakakhala zovuta za metabolic, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri zomwe kunenepa kwambiri.

Ndi chiwonetsero wamba cha hyperglycemia, chizindikiro chotsatira chikukula mthupi:

1. Kuchulukitsa ludzu.
2. Kukomoka, ngakhale kuti munthu amadya bwino.
3. Pafupipafupi komanso potulutsa mkodzo wambiri.
4. Mutu.
5. Kufooka, kutopa.
6. Mawonedwe otsika.
7. Khungu loyera ndi youma mucous nembanemba.

Kusinthasintha kwa kulemera kwa thupi kumatha kuwonetsedwa osati kokha ndi kuchepa thupi (ndi matenda a shuga 1), komanso mwa kupitiriza kunenepa kwambiri mu mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda. Izi ndichifukwa choti insulini imalimbikitsa kuyika kwamafuta m'matumbo a subcutaneous. Ndi matenda amtundu woyamba 1, m'magazi mulibe zochepa, ndipo chachiwiri, hyperinsulinemia imadziwika, kumayambiriro kwa matenda.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa nthawi yayitali kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa chitetezo chokwanira, kukula kwa matenda opatsirana, candidiasis, komanso kuchiritsa pang'onopang'ono mabala ndi zofooka zoperewera. Kuchepa kwa magazi ndi kuwonongeka kwa ulusi wamitsempha kumayambitsa kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa mapangidwe apansi, kukula kwa polyneuropathy.

Mavuto amishuga a shuga omwe amapezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi amawonongeka kwa impso, m'maso, komanso kuwonongeka kwa makoma amitsempha yayikulu komanso yaying'ono.

Hyperglycemia imayambitsanso zovuta zovuta za matenda ashuga, kuphatikizapo ketoacidosis, hypersmolar coma, momwe milingo ya glucose imatha kufika 32 mmol / L ndi kukwera.

Hyperglycemia ndi yosiyanasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (mmol / l):

• Kuwala - 6.7-8.2.
• Kusakhazikika kwapakati - 8.3-11.
• Zambiri - Pamwamba 11.1
• Precoma imachitika pa 16.5, mitengo yapamwamba imayambitsa kukomoka.

Hyperglycemia mu diabetesics imachitika mukadumphira kumwa mapiritsi kuti muchepetse shuga kapena jekeseni insulini, komanso ngati mlingo wawo uli wosakwanira.

Vutoli limatha kuchitika mukamadya zakudya zamafuta ochulukirapo, kuwonjezera kwa matenda opatsirana kapena matenda ena, kupsinjika, kuchepa kwa chizolowezi chochita zolimbitsa thupi.

Kudzidziwitsa nokha shuga

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo choyeza shuga m'magazi, muyenera kutsatira luso lolondola pophunzira magazi komanso pafupipafupi mayeso. Mu matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, odwala ayenera kudziwa glycemia osachepera kanayi pa tsiku: katatu musanadye komanso asanagone.

Zowonjezera zina zitha kufunikanso usiku, pambuyo kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri kapena kusintha kwakukulu pakudya. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kuti shuga yowunikira iyenera kuchitika pakatha nthawi yudya (pambuyo maola 2).

Mtundu wachiwiri, odwala atha kukhala pa insulin mankhwala kapena kumwa mapiritsi olimbana ndi matenda ashuga, ndipo kuphatikiza chithandizo chokhala ndi insulin yayitali komanso mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga kumachitidwanso.

Ngati wodwalayo watchulidwa kuti walimbitsa insulin, ndiye kuti mfundoyi ndi yofanana ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga. Ngati amalandira jakisoni imodzi patsiku kapena mapiritsi okha, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwanira kuyeza shuga kamodzi, koma nthawi zosiyanasiyana za tsiku.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito insulin, yomwe imakhala ndi insulin yayitali komanso yayifupi, kayendetsedwe kameneka kamachitika kawiri pa tsiku. Mwa njira iliyonse ya chithandizo, tchati chikuyenera kujambulidwa kamodzi pa sabata, kuwonetsa magawo anayi a glycemia.

Ngati njira ya matenda ashuga imayendera limodzi ndi kusinthasintha kwaukali mu msinkhu wa shuga, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa pafupipafupi kuyenera kukhala kokulirapo, muyenera kulangizidwa ndi dokotala. Amatsimikiziranso kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa wodwala aliyense, kutengera zaka, njira, kulemera kwa thupi.

Malamulo oyambilira owonera momwe magazi amayendera:

1. Magazi ochokera pachala ndi oyenera kwambiri kusanthula; malo opumira amayenera kusinthidwa.
2. Jakisoni amachitidwa kuchokera kumbali, kuya sikuyenera kupitirira 2-3 mamilimita.
3. Zakudya zonse ndizoyenera kukhala zosabala komanso nthawi zonse.
4. Ndi magazi osayenda bwino, musanawunike, muyenera kutikita minwe ndi kusamba m'manja ndi madzi ofunda, owuma.
5. Musanayeze, muyenera kutsimikizira nambala yomwe ili pa botolo ndi mizere yoyesera komanso pazenera la mita.
6. Dontho loyamba lofufuzira silikugwiritsidwa ntchito, likuyenera kuchotsedwa ndi poto louma la thonje.
7. Kukakamira kwamphamvu kwa chala kumabweretsa kusakanikirana kwa magazi ndi minyewa yamatenda, yomwe imasokoneza zotsatira zake.

Ikani dontho la magazi kokha m'mphepete mwa strip yoyesa, yomwe ili ndi zakuda. Asanayeze, mzere woyeserera uyenera kukhala mu botolo lotsekedwa mwamphamvu, chifukwa limakhala chinyezi. Sizingatenge kuchokera m'botolo ndi zala zonyowa. Komanso, simungasinthe malo osungirako a mizere yoyeserera, chifukwa choyikiratu choyambirira chimakhala ndi desiccant.

Zingwe ziyenera kusungidwa m'malo owuma firiji, musanagwiritse ntchito muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti tsiku lotha ntchito lomwe lasonyezedwe pamaphukusi silinadutse. Akamaliza, mikwingwirima yotereyi imatha kusintha zolakwika.

Pazidziwitso zowonetsera, mizere yowoneka imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza shuga.Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanda glucometer. Mutha kuyang'ananso pazotsatira zakutsimikiza kugwiritsa ntchito mapanga amenewo pofufuza matupi a ketone m'mwazi ndi mkodzo.

Kanemayo munkhaniyi akuwonetsa momwe angadziyimirire pawokha magazi.