Zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta panthawi ya mankhwala a insulin, zizindikiro zazikulu, zotsatira zazitali, zithandizo ndi kusamala

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Kulephera kutsatira malamulo a insulin therapy kumabweretsa zovuta zambiri. Ganizirani izi:

1. Thupi lawo siligwirizana - nthawi zambiri limapezeka pamalo opangira jakisoni, koma amawonetsedwa ndi generalised urticaria, anaphylactic shock. Maonekedwe awo amakhudzana ndi kuphwanya luso la jakisoni, kugwiritsa ntchito masingano akhungu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Mkhalidwe wopweteka umachitika pomwe yankho lake ndi lozizira kwambiri kapena tsamba la jakisoni lisankhidwa mosayenera. Kupuma kwamankhwala kwa milungu ingapo mpaka miyezi kumathandizanso kuti pakhale chifuwa. Kuti mupewe, pambuyo pakupuma mankhwalawa, ndi mahomoni amunthu okha omwe ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
2. Hypoglycemia ndi kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi. Vutoli limaphatikizidwa ndi zizindikiritso zake: kutuluka thukuta, kunjenjemera kwa malekezero, palpitations, njala. Hypoglycemia imayamba ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena umakhala ndi njala nthawi yayitali. Kusokonezeka kumatha kuchitika motsutsana ndi maziko azomwe mumakumana nazo, nkhawa, mutatha kulimbitsa thupi.
3. Lipodystrophy - imakula m'malo omwe mumabayira pafupipafupi. Zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya adipose ndikupanga kumalo a lesion of compaction (lipohypertrophy) kapena kuzama (lipoatrophy).
4. Kulemera - kulemera kumeneku kumalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya cha caloric komanso kuchuluka kwa chilakolako chazakudya chifukwa chamalingaliro amanjala panthawi yolimbikitsidwa ndi lipogenis ndi insulin. Monga lamulo, phindu lolemera ndi 2-6 kg, koma ngati mutsatira malamulo onse a zakudya zabwino, vutoli lingathe kupewedwa.
5. Kuwonongeka kowoneka ndi vuto kwakanthawi komwe kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa kukhazikitsa mahomoni. Masomphenyawa amabwezeretsedwa pawokha patatha milungu iwiri.
6. Kusungidwa kwa sodium ndi madzi m'thupi - kutupa kwa m'munsi, komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi kumalumikizidwa ndi kusungunuka kwa madzi mthupi ndipo ndizakanthawi.

Kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha zomwe zili pamwambapa, ndikofunikira kusankha mosamala malo a jekeseni ndikutsatira malamulo onse a insulin.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo okhudzana ndi insulin

Pakadali pano, matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin amathandizidwa kokha ndi insulin yaumunthu kapena mawonekedwe ake. M'mbuyomu, machitidwe azachipatala, ma insulins omwe adachokera ku nyama - ng'ombe kapena nkhumba - adagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngakhale ma hormone aumunthu amapezeka ndi tekinoloje ya DNA yophatikizidwanso, ilinso ndi kufanana komweko kwa amino acid monga momwe amodzi, chifukwa chake ndi chimodzimodzi.

Ma analogi a insulin nawonso amatengedwa ndi njira za majini, koma ma amino acid ena amasinthidwa mwa iwo. Ma Ultrashort, aafupi, apakatikati, atali, okhala ndi ma insulin akupezeka pamsika wazamalonda.

Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala a insulin, zomwe zimawopseza wodwala kwambiri, ndi hypoglycemia. Nthawi zina, hypoglycemia imatha kukhala chikomokere. Hypoglycemia imatha chifukwa cha kudya mosasamba, kulimbitsa thupi, kapena kumwa mowa.

Mankhwala ena - beta blockers - kapena odwala matenda ashuga a m'mimba amaletsa chizindikiro cha kugunda kwa hypoglycemic. Zotsatira zake, odwala sazindikira kuwukiridwa ndipo amatha kufa m'nthawi yochepa.

Mafuta ochulukirapo kwambiri a shuga (hyperglycemia) amakula chifukwa cha zolakwika zakudya, mlingo woyenera wa insulini kapena matenda a matenda osiyanasiyana.

Odwala ena amatha kuwona kuwonongeka koopsa, izi zimachitika makamaka kumayambiriro kwa chithandizo pambuyo pakukula kwachilendo kwa glycemia. Komabe, ilibe vuto lililonse ndipo imazimiririka mwachangu.

Nthawi zina, edema kapena kusungidwa kwa madzi m'thupi kungakhalenso koyipa kwa insulin. Zotsatira zake zimayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa sodium excretion yochokera m'thupi, zotsatira zoyipa zimachitika makamaka kumayambiriro kwa mankhwalawa ndikusintha kwambiri kwa glycemia.

Nthawi zambiri, mankhwala a insulin amachititsa kuwonjezeka kwa thupi. Komabe, zotsatira zake mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma analogues a mahomoni ndizosowa kwambiri.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito insulin yoyeretsedwa kwambiri, zimachitika kuti thupi lanu lisagwire. Kuchepetsa kwa insulin kapena yankho lokhazikika kumatha kuwonetsedwa ndi pruritus kapena totupa. Ngati vuto lalikulu yankho lake litachitika, amatha kutsatiridwa ndi kusintha kwa khungu mthupi lonse, kutupa, kuvuta kupuma, kutsitsa magazi, kapena ngakhale kugwedezeka. Zikatero, ndikofunikira kuzindikira chomwe chimayambitsa anaphylaxis. Nthawi zambiri, kuti muthetse vutoli, ndikokwanira kusinthira kukonzekera kwa insulini komwe kuli zosafunika zina.

Pa mimba ndi mkaka wa m`mawere

Amayi oyembekezera omwe nthawi zonse amayenera kupatsa shuga wochepetsa shuga ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri insulin ya anthu. Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chidziwitso, kusamala kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mukamagwiritsa ntchito fanizo pa nthawi yapakati komanso yoyamwitsa.

Amayi oyembekezera omwe kale amatenga ma insulin (aspart kapena lispro) apitilizabe kuwagwiritsa ntchito. Mankhwala omwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali (glargine ndi detemir) sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati chifukwa chosowa chitetezo chokwanira. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kagayidwe ka odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, azimayi oyembekezera amayenera kumayesedwa ndi mayeso nthawi zonse.

Kuyamwitsa kumalimbikitsidwa kwambiri kwa amayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Ndi mkaka wa m`mawere, mkazi amafunika insulin yocheperako. Ngati matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri amafunikirabe ngakhale mankhwala atatha, azimayi ayenera kupitiliza ndi insulin.

Insulin kwambiri ndi chikomokere

Hypoglycemia imachitika nthawi zonse ndikamayambitsa mlingo wa insulin kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri kutsika kwambiri kwa zinthu za shuga m'magazi kumayambitsa kuyankha kuchokera mthupi: kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe amalimbikitsa kutsekeka kwa glycogen ku glucose. M'madera ena odwala matenda ashuga, njira izi zimatha kusokonezeka mwina chifukwa chiwongolero cha mahomoni sichikugwira ntchito, kapena chifukwa palibe malo ogulitsira a glycogen.

Hypoglycemia - kupsinjika kwakukulu kwa thupi. Dongosolo lamkati lamanjenje (CNS) limakhudzidwa makamaka, chifukwa ma neuron samasungira masitolo akuluakulu a glucose. Kuti muchepetse glycogenolysis ndikupanga mashuga atsopano, tiziwalo timene timatulutsa timadzi timatulutsa timadzi tambiri timatenda - cortisol ndi adrenaline - timitsempha yamagazi, zomwe zimatipatsa zizindikiro zina zambiri:

• Zowopsa
• Kutuluka thukuta mwadzidzidzi
• Kudzanjenjemera
• Pallor
• Matenda ofiira pakhungu,
• Tachycardia ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi,
• Kukula kudya, nseru ndi kusanza.

Pamene hypoglycemia ikukula, mitsempha yamatenda osiyanasiyana amakwiya:

• Mutu
• Kutopa ndi kufooka
• Kuzunzika Kwambiri,
• Mavuto Olankhula,
• Zosadziwika bwino - parasthesia kapena ziwalo.

Kugwedezeka kwa Hypoglycemic kumadziwika ndi kuyambika kwadzidzidzi kwa chikomokere, chomwe ndi chiopsezo cha moyo chomwe chimafuna chithandizo chamanthawi. Kuchiza kumakhala ndikupereka yankho la glucose ndi glucagon. Kuphatikiza pa chikomokere, mumakonda kukokana. Odwala amakhala ndi thukuta kwambiri komanso chinyezi pakhungu. Kuphatikiza apo, zovuta zina zotheka zimachitika - kugunda kwamtima kolimba ndi arrhasmia. Komabe, mosiyana ndi matenda a shuga, palibe kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi.

Popeza kuwopsa kwa hypoglycemic kumasiyana pang'ono ndi matenda a shuga, amatha kusiyanitsidwa mothandizidwa ndi mayeso a labotale. M'mayeso a labotale, zozama zochepa za saccharides zimatha kupezeka. Hypoglycemic coma imadziwika ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, Zizindikirozi zitha kupezekanso m'matenda ena.

Zizindikiro zake zimaphatikizapo nkhawa yadzidzidzi, kulakalaka kudya, kuvutika kuganizira kwambiri, chizungulire, mantha, kusawona bwino, mantha, kunjenjemera, kapena kuchita mantha. Nthawi zina pamakhalanso zosokoneza pakuwona, zovuta pakulankhula komanso kutsekemera kwazitsulo mkamwa. Pambuyo poyang'anira yankho la shuga, Zizindikiro zimazimiririka msanga.

Zizindikiro za Hypoglycemic zimatha kukhala kwa maola angapo kapena masiku. Ngati magazi a Saccharide amachepetsedwa kwambiri, amatha kubweretsanso mavuto ambiri. Pambuyo pake, kusokonezeka kwa mawu, kuwona kawiri, kudwala ziwalo komanso mavuto kupuma komanso magazi amayenda. Pakadutsa zomaliza, wodwalayo amatha kugwa. Njira ya zizindikiro imathamanga kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudzipenda okha. Pokhapokha pa chizindikiro choyamba ndikofunikira kumwa chakudya.

Nthawi zambiri kudandaula kumeneku kumabweretsa matenda osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana. Munthu amatha kuyamba nseru kwambiri komanso kusanza. Munthu amene akhudzidwa ndi vutoli nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto lochita kusokonekera komanso kusamaliridwa. M'tsogolomu, wodwalayo amathanso kuzindikira ngati zizindikiro zake zimakhala zazikulu. Ngati mankhwalawa akapanda kuthandizidwa, munthuyo amafa. Mankhwalawa amathandizira kupaka shuga.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati pambuyo pa jakisoni wa insulin, mkhalidwe wa anthu odwala matenda ashugawo umangokulira

Hypoglycemia wowona amayenera kuthandizidwa mwachangu, chifukwa imatha kukhala pachiwopsezo cha moyo. Ngati mukukayika, wodwalayo ayenera kufunsa dokotala. Ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira, ndibwino kudya dextrose yoyera - pafupifupi 5-20 magalamu. Ngati shuga akupitilizabe kugwa, munthu amasiya kuzindikira. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuyitanitsa dokotala wadzidzidzi.

Ngakhale hypoglycemia itayenda bwino kapena siyibwerezanso, ndikulimbikitsidwa kukayezetsa kuchipatala. Matenda ena, kupatula shuga, amathanso kudzetsa shuga. Nthawi zina chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli chimatha kukhala chakudya chosayenera. Katswiri wodziwa bwino amathandizira kukonza menyu wazakudya ndikuthana ndi zovuta. Hypoglycemic syndrome imatha kuchepetsa kwambiri moyo wa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga, chifukwa chake muyenera kuwayang'anira mwachangu, apo ayi vutoli lingayambitse zotsatira zoyipa.

Njira zodzitetezera

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto la hypoglycemia, ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatsira zotsatirazi:

• Muziwona shuga wanu wamagazi pafupipafupi
• M'malo mongodya zakudya zazikulu zochepa, idyani chakudya chochepa tsiku lonse,
• Nthawi zonse tengani chidutswa cha sucrose nanu,
• Osamaledzera
• Sinthani kudya zakudya zamagulu ndi insulin musanayambe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi,
• Pezani glycemia, ngati kuli kotheka, usiku.

Kusazindikira kwa odwala matenda ashuga kumatha chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi kapena kuperewera (ketoacidosis chikomokere, kapena matenda ashuga). Komabe, kukomoka kwa hypoglycemic ndi kowopsa, chifukwa chake, ngati mukukayika, muyenera kudya shuga nthawi zonse ndikusiya kugwiritsa ntchito insulin kwakanthawi.

Uphungu! Monga lamulo, ndikulondola kwa mankhwalawa ambiri, zovuta sizimachitika. Nthawi zambiri, mavuto amabwera chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi mankhwalawa kapena kutopa kwambiri. Pochita zolimbitsa thupi zilizonse, wodwala (makamaka mwana) ayenera kumwa chakudya. Kubwezera kwakanthawi zinthu zomwe zayambitsidwa kumathandizira kupewa zomwe zingachitike komanso zobweretsa moyo. Nthawi zina, wodwalayo amatha kufa chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri. Sikulimbikitsidwa kunyalanyaza malangizo a dokotala.

Lipodystrophy yokhala ndi insulin

Chimodzi mwazovuta zokhudzana ndi insulin. Mkhalidwe wopweteka umakula osati chifukwa chokhazikitsidwa ndi mankhwalawo, komanso pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomveka zosakwanira.

Kuopsa kwa zovuta ndikuti kumasokoneza kuyamwa kwa mahomoni omwe amaperekedwa, kumayambitsa kupweteka komanso zolakwika pakhungu. Mitundu iyi ya lipodystrophy ndiyopadera:

Chifukwa cha kutha kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, fossa imapangidwa pamalo a jakisoni. Maonekedwe ake amagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochita zakuthupi za thupi pakukonzedwa bwino koyambira kwa nyama. Chithandizo cha vutoli chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito jekeseni kakang'ono ka jakisoni mu timadzi totsukidwa kwambiri komwe kumadutsa m'mbali ya zakhudzidwa.

Uku ndikupanga kolowera pakhungu, ndiye kuti, zisindikizo. Zimachitika ndikuphwanya njira yoyendetsera mankhwalawo, komanso pambuyo pobayira. Amadziwika ndi vuto lodzola komanso malabsorption a mankhwalawa. Popewa izi, malo a jakisoni amayenera kusinthidwa pafupipafupi, ndipo mukamagwiritsa ntchito dera limodzi, siyani mtunda pakati pa ma piquence osachepera 1 cm. Njira zokhudzana ndi phonophoresis yokhala ndi mafuta a hydrocortisone imakhala ndi chozizwitsa.

Kupewa kwa lipodystrophy kumachepetsedwa ndikutsatira malamulo awa: kusinthana ndi majakisoni, kuperekera insulin m'matenthedwe a thupi, kugwiritsa ntchito masingano akuthwa, mothandizidwa ndi jekeseni wa zakumwa jakisoni ndi zakumwa zina.