Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga

Matenda a Endocrine, limodzi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi, amabweretsa njira zawo zodziwikiratu ku moyo wa mtundu woyamba wa 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 odwala matenda ashuga. Kukula kwakukulu, izi zimagwira ntchito poletsa zakudya.

Kusintha zakudya ndi zakudya zomwe zikugwirizana zimathandizira kuti shuga azikhala bwino komanso kuti azichotsa mapaundi owonjezera, lomwe ndi vuto lofunika kwambiri kwa amayi.

Kusiyana kwa Mtundu 1 ndi Matenda A 2

Pali magawo awiri a shuga. Mitundu yonseyi imayamba motsutsana ndi maziko a kusokonezeka kwa metabolic mu endocrine system ndikuyenda ndi wodwalayo mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo.

Matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 samadziwika kwenikweni ndipo amadziwika ndi insulin yokwanira yopangidwa ndi kapamba. Kuthekera kwa kulowa kwa glucose m'maselo a ziwalo zimatengera timadzi tomwe timatulutsa timadzi timene timalumikizana ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi, ndipo glucose imadziunjikira kwambiri m'magazi.

Mtundu uwu wa matenda ashuga ndi matenda obadwa nawo monga endocrine. Mu diabetes 1 ya 1, maselo a pancreatic amawonongeka, omwe thupi limatenga ngati lachilendo ndikuwononga. Kuti akhale ndi vuto pakati pa shuga ndi insulini, odwala amakakamizidwa kupereka mahomoni pafupipafupi ndikuwunika shuga wawo. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba amakhala ochepa thupi komanso amanenepa kwambiri.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga, insulini imapangidwa muyezo wovomerezeka, koma pamenepa, kulowa kwa glucose m'maselo kumakhalanso kovuta, chifukwa maselo samazindikiranso mahomoni ndipo, chifukwa chake, samayankha. Vutoli limatchedwa insulin kukana. Glucose sasinthika kukhala mphamvu, koma imangokhala m'magazi ngakhale ndi insulin yokwanira.

Odwala safunikira kubayira insulin mthupi lonse ndikusintha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi zakudya komanso zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Pazifukwa zochizira, odwala oterewa amawonetsedwa kuchepa thupi ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena mitundu ina ya zochitika zolimbitsa thupi. Koma amayeneranso kuyesa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Jakisoni wa insulini angafunike pakati pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati, ndi matenda a mtima, poyambitsa matenda a hyperglycemia, asanachitidwe opareshoni.

Matenda a Type 1 ndi 2 ndi osachiritsika ndipo ali ndi zofanana:

1. Ludzu losagonjetseka ndi pakamwa louma. Odwala amatha kumwa mpaka malita 6 amadzi patsiku.
2. Pafupipafupi komanso potulutsa mkodzo wambiri. Maulendo akuchimbudzi amachitika kangapo pa 10 pa tsiku.
3. Kutha kwa khungu. Khungu limakhala louma komanso lotuwa.
4. Kuchulukitsa chilakolako.
5. Kuluma kumawoneka pathupi ndipo kumakulitsa thukuta.

Mtundu woyamba 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 wodwala mellitus, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kungayambitse ngozi - chiwopsezo cha hyperglycemia, chomwe chimafuna jakisoni wofulumira wa insulin.

Werengani zambiri za kusiyanasiyana kwapakati pa mitundu ya matenda ashuga pazinthu zamakanema:

Mfundo zoyambirira za zakudya

Kuti mukhale ndi moyo wathanzi, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amapatsidwa zakudya zapadera za chakudya - tebulo nambala 9. Chomwe chimatithandizira kuti tisiye kugwiritsa ntchito shuga, mafuta ndi zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chambiri.

Pali malangizo oyenera okhudza matenda ashuga a 2:

1. Masana, muyenera kudya osachepera 5. Osadumpha chakudya komanso kupewa kufa ndi njala.
2. Kutumiza sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu, kudya kwambiri sikuyenera. Muyenera kudzuka patebulo ndikumva njala.
3. Pambuyo pazakudya zomaliza, mutha kupita kukagona pasanathe maola atatu pambuyo pake.
4. Osamadya masamba okha. Ngati mukufuna kudya, mutha kumwa kapu ya kefir.Mapuloteni amafunikira kuti thupi lipange maselo ndi minofu yatsopano, ndipo zakudya zimapereka mphamvu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito yake ikuyenda bwino. Mafuta ayenera kupezekanso mu zakudya.
5. Masamba amayenera kukhala theka la kuchuluka kwa mbale, voliyumu yotsalayo imagawidwa pakati pa zinthu zamapuloteni ndi chakudya chamagulu.
6. Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku ziyenera kukhala ndi 1200-1400 kcal ndipo zimakhala ndi 20% mapuloteni, 50% chakudya ndi mafuta 30%. Ndi zochita zolimbitsa thupi, kuchuluka kwa kalori kumawukanso.
7. Idyani zakudya zokhala ndi chisonyezo chotsika cha glycemic ndipo musazipatula zomwe zili ndi mkulu komanso sing'anga GI.
8. Sungani madzi mosamala ndikumwa kuchokera ku 1.5 mpaka 2 malita a madzi tsiku lililonse, kupatula supu, tiyi ndi timadziti.
9. Kuchokera njira zophikira, perekani zokonda pakuwotcha ndi kutumizirana mafuta. Kuphika nthawi zina kumaloledwa. Sizoletsedwa mwachangu kudya mafuta.
10. Muzipima kuchuluka kwa glucose musanadye komanso pambuyo chakudya.
11. Idyani michere yambiri, imapatsa kumverera kwathunthu komanso bwino kugaya.
12. Shuga m'mbale umalowetsedwa ndi zotsekemera zachilengedwe (stevia, fructose, xylitol).
13. Zakudya zamafuta ndi zophika sizololedwa kupitiliza kamodzi kapena kawiri pa sabata.
14. Musaiwale za kutenga mavitamini.

Kuletsa kokhazikika kumakhala kovuta kutsatira poyamba, koma posakhalitsa zakudya zoyenera zimakhala chizolowezi ndipo sizibweretsanso zovuta. Kumva thanzi labwino, kumalimbikitsidwa kutsatira mfundo zofunika kwambiri za zakudyazo. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito moperewera zakudya zamafuta pang'ono ndi pang'ono pang'ono (ma 150 ml) a vinyo wouma kapena 50 ml ya zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndizololedwa.

Choonjezerapo chothandiza m'zakudya ndizophatikiza zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi: Zolimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi, kuyenda mokwanira, kusambira, kugwedezeka, kuyendetsa njinga.

Zinthu Zowonetsedwa

Zakudyazo zimatengera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzakudya zomwe sizikhala ndi mafuta a nyama, shuga ndi chakudya chamafuta ambiri.

Odwala ndi sah. matenda a shuga mu zakudya ayenera kupezeka monga zigawo zikuluzikulu:

• masamba obiriwira kwambiri (kabichi yoyera komanso kabichi ya Beijing, tomato, amadyera, dzungu, letesi, biringanya ndi nkhaka),
• Azungu owiritsa mazira Maolks amaloledwa kamodzi kapena kawiri pa sabata.
• mkaka ndi mkaka mafuta ochepa
• Maphunziro oyamba ndi nyama kapena nsomba samaloledwa kupitiliranso kawiri pa sabata,
• nyama yophika, yophika kapena yophika yophika, nkhuku kapena nsomba zamitundu yamafuta ochepa,
• barele, buluwheat, oatmeal, balere ndi tirigu
• pasitala wochepa wopangidwa ndi tirigu wa durum
• rye kapena mkate wathunthu osatinso magawo atatu pa sabata,
• Zouma zosapsa ndi zopaka kuchokera ku rye, oat, ufa wa buckwheat osaposa kawiri pa sabata,
• Zipatso zopanda zipatso ndi zipatso zotsika mtengo (zipatso za zipatso, maapulo, plums, yamatcheri, kiwi, lingonberry),
• Madzi osakhala a kaboni, khofi ndi tiyi wopanda shuga wowonjezeredwa, timadziti tothiriridwa mwatsopano kuchokera ku masamba, zipatso za zipatso zouma popanda shuga,
• nsomba zam'madzi (squid, shrimp, mussels),
• seaweed (kelp, seawe),
• mafuta a masamba (margarine ochepa, mafuta a azitona, sesame, chimanga ndi mafuta a mpendadzuwa).

Katundu Woletsedwa

Zakudya tebulo nambala 9 sizimaphatikizira kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu ngati izi:

• zopangidwa zamzitini, kuzifutsa ndi kusuta,
• Zinthu zomalizidwa kuchokera ku nyama, chimanga, pasitala, zakudya zopumira mwachangu, zakudya zouma ndi chakudya mwachangu,
• Sizoletsedwa kudya nkhumba, mwanawankhosa, nyama ya nkhuku, kupatula nkhuku (khungu la nkhuku ndichinthu chamafuta kwambiri ndipo imayenera kuchotsedwa), offal (impso, lilime, chiwindi),
• soseji wophika ndi wosuta, soseji, ma pie, mafuta anyama,
• zonunkhira zotentha, zokometsera ndi msuzi (mpiru, ketchup),
• makeke ndi mkate wopangidwa ndi ufa wa tirigu,
• zopaka mkaka wokoma ndi wamafuta (mkaka wopaka, curd misa, tchizi lokhotakhota ndi chokoleti chokoleti, yogurts za zipatso, ayisikilimu, kirimu wowawasa ndi zonona),
• kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri masamba omwe ali ndi wowuma komanso chakudya chochuluka (kaloti, mbatata, beets). Izi zimayenera kuwonekera patebulo pafupi kawiri pa sabata.
• pasitala, mpunga ndi semolina,
• zoumba, zipatso zamzitini mu madzi, zipatso zokoma ndi zipatso (nthochi, zipatso za mphesa, madeti, mapeyala),
• chokoleti, zokometsera komanso makeke okhala ndi kirimu, maswiti,
• kuchepetsa zakudya za uchi ndi mtedza,
• msuzi wamafuta, tchizi ndi mafuta a nyama (mayonesi, adjika, tchizi, feta, batala),
• zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga, timadziti tampikisano, khofi wamphamvu komanso tiyi,
• zakumwa zoledzeretsa.

Zosintha zamasabata sabata

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kutsatira zakudya zomwe zimapangidwa tsiku lililonse.

Zakudya zoperekedwa pagome, osakhala ndi shuga, osakhala ndi kalori yochepera komanso njira yovomerezeka yamagulu osokoneza bongo, ndipo osatenga nthawi yambiri kukonzekera:

kadzutsa1 phulankhomaliro2 zokhwasulachakudya chamadzulo Choyamba150g omelet ndi masamba

Galasi la tiyiPulogalamu yapakatikati

Tiyi yopanda mafutaBeetroot masamba msuzi 200g

Biringanya wa mphira 150g

Gawo la mkateMalalanje akulu

Madzi amchere150g nsomba zodzigulitsa

Saladi wamasamba

200g kefir ChachiwiriBuckwheat phala ndi apulo 200g

Tiyi yopanda mafutaMelon ndi Strawberry CocktailChifuwa cha nkhuku ndi masamba 150g

Msuzi Wouma W ZipatsoYokongoletsedwa ndi zipatso200g saladi zam'nyanja

Galasi la tiyi ChachitatuSaladi kabichi ndi kaloti 100g

Omelet 150g, compoteMafuta otsika kanyumba tchizi casserole 200gMsuzi ndi masamba 200g

Mbale nyama yam'mimba 150g, tiyiKapu ya mkaka wa skim kapena kefirOatmeal phala 200g,

Apple, kapu ya tiyi ChachinayiTchire saladi ndi herbs200g, tiyiYambirani popanda zowonjezera

2 kiwiChodula nkhuku

Buckwheat zokongoletsa 150g

Gawo la mkateSaladi wazipatso

Yochepa mafuta kanyumba tchizi 100gChomera cha masamba 200g

Msuzi Wouma W Zipatso LachisanuSamwedza nsomba 150g yokhala ndi kaloti

Tiyi yopanda mafutaCheesecakes 150g yokhala ndi zonona zonona

tiyiMsuzi wa nsomba 200g

Saladi ya KabichiMsuzi wa Ice

Khofi wofookaBuckwheat phala 200g

100g kanyumba tchizi, tiyi Wachisanu ndi chimodziKaloti wokongoletsedwa ndi apulo 200g

compoteZipatso zosanizidwa

tiyiMsuzi wa nyemba

Wophimba ndi biringanya 150gYambirani popanda zowonjezera

Hafu ya mphesaOatmeal mu mkaka 200g, tiyi

Mphepete zingapo Chachisanu ndi chiwiriAkaziziritsa mazira ndi zukini 150g

Cheesecakes, tiyi200g nkhaka saladiBeetroot masamba msuzi 200g

Zokongoletsa 100gOatmeal, Melon ndi Yogurt SmoothieChifuwa cha nkhuku 150g ndi masamba

kefir

Mutha kutsatira mndandanda wamlungu uno kwa anthu athanzi omwe akufuna kudya molondola komanso ndi thanzi. Kuphatikiza apo, kudya zakudya zabwino motere kumakuthandizani kuti muchepetse thupi popanda kumangokhalira kumva njala. Zakudya zimatha kusinthidwa ku kukoma kwanu, kutsatira mfundo zoyambirira za zakudya.

Kanema wabwino wa odwala matenda ashuga:

Ngati zakudya zosinthidwa zimaphatikizidwa ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse, ndiye, kuwonjezera pa kutaya ma kilogalamu, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatsika ndipo mitsempha ya magazi imayeretsedwa ndi cholesterol.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la m'mimba amafunika kugwirizanitsa chakudya ndi dokotala wawo kuti apewe zovuta. Chenjezo liyenera kugwira ntchito pazoletsa zoterezi komanso amayi apakati.

Kodi zakudya zama calorie otsika zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2?

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zochepa zopatsa mphamvu zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi ndi nthawi. Kutsitsa thupi kwamtunduwu sikuchitika ndi maphunzirowa.

Yang'anani! Zakudya siziti amalimbikitsa kuti odwala matenda ashuga azigwiritsanso ntchito zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chochepa panthawi yomwe chakudyacho chimaphatikizapo mafuta osakwana magalamu 130 patsiku.

Chithandizo cha matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga. Zochitika zatsopano
Russian Center for Endocrinology ku Academy of Medical Sayansi yapereka malingaliro atsopano kwa madokotala omwe akuchita nawo mankhwalawa a matenda ashuga a 2.

Zomwe zimaperekedwa zikuphatikizanso, kuwonjezera pa kusankha zakudya zapadera, mankhwala omwe amakakamizika masiku ano ndi othandiza pa mankhwalawa

Yang'anani! Kumwa mankhwala kumawonetsedwa pokhapokha pazakudya zochepa zama calorie ndipo pamafunika kusintha nthawi yomweyo m'moyo wa wodwala, yemwe akulimbikitsidwa kuti azichita zolimbitsa thupi.

Nthawi yomweyo, zolimbitsa thupi zimayenera kusankhidwa ndi dokotala potengera momwe thupi lawo limakhalira, mbiri yake ya zamankhwala, kupezeka kwa matenda oyenerana ndi thupi ndikuwongoleredwa mwachilengedwe.

Komanso, mukamadya zakudya zamafuta ochepa, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya shuga. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti pokhapokha pazovuta kudziwa momwe mankhwalawo amathandizira, ndipo odwala amawona kulekerera kosavuta kwa kilogalamu. Zadziwika kuti mwanjira iyi ndizotheka kutulutsa chakudya cham'mimba komanso lipid metabolism.

Kuleza mtima komanso kufunika kwa chakudya

Mtengo wamphamvu wazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lililonse, pokhapokha ngati palibe owonjezera mapaundi, ayenera kuyenderana ndi zakudya zopangidwa ndi akatswiri azakudya ndipo zimagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chaumoyo.

Izi zimakumbukira:

• jenda
• zaka
• mawonekedwe olimbitsa thupi.

Yang'anani! Ngati wodwalayo akutopa kwambiri, ziyenera kuwunikiridwa chifukwa chake ma kilogalamu owonjezera adaikidwa pambuyo. Ngati mafuta ochulukirapo ndi chifukwa chodya kwambiri mafuta komanso michere yambiri, ndiye kuti muyenera kulabadira izi. Malingaliro am'mbuyomu a madokotala omwe wodwalayo ayenera nthawi zonse kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholinga chake ndi kuchepa thupi kwambiri.

Mapuloteni wamba

Ili ndi nkhani yofunika kwambiri yomwe yakhala ikukambidwa ndi akatswiri azakudya kwa nthawi yayitali. Mpaka pano, zidakhazikitsidwa kuti mapuloteni omwe amadya tsiku lililonse odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kukhala ochulukirapo kuposa momwe amathandizira anthu athanzi.

Odwala akuyenera kuwongoleredwa ndi malangizo:

Gramu imodzi ya mapuloteni pa kilogalamu yolemera.

Zofunika! Hafu ya kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni onse omwe amadya tsiku lililonse ayenera kukhala zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni amanyama.

Iwo omwe atsatira zomwe zikuchitika mdziko lazakudya mwina adzakumbukira kuti posachedwapa akatswiri azakudya padziko lonse lapansi akhala akunena motsutsana. Tsopano palibe amene akukayikira kuti mapuloteni amanyama ndi chofunikira kwambiri kwa munthu aliyense, mosasamala kanthu za kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa ma pathologies onse a thupi, kuphatikizapo matenda ashuga.

Chifukwa chake, wodwala matenda ashuga, mosatengera momwe matendawa aliri komanso mtundu wake, ayenera kulandira mapuloteni amtengo wapatali pogwiritsa ntchito nyama zopanda mafuta, zinthu zamkaka zapamwamba kwambiri zamkaka, osati nsomba yamafuta kwambiri (nsomba zam'madzi ndizosankhidwa) ndi mazira.

Mowa mapuloteni zakudya za odwala matenda ashuga. Funso ndi lotseguka

Ofufuzawo ambiri amalankhula za zabwino za mapuloteni a soya kwa anthu onse. Zopindulitsa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya soya (tchizi tofu wotchuka) ndi zakumwa (mkaka wa soya) zimadziwikanso, makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali onenepa kwambiri komanso omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wamatenda onse.

Tiyenera kutsindika kuti akatswiri a WHO sanapereke yankho lomveka bwino la funso ili, osaphatikizapo soya mndandanda wazakudya zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Zambiri zitha kupezeka pa intaneti, pomwe zida za lipoti la World Health Organisation zidasindikizidwa (2003, lipoti "Zakudya, zakudya komanso kupewa matenda osachiritsika").

Type 2 matenda a shuga. Mafuta m'zakudya za odwala

Madokotala ayenera kuyang'anira mwapadera mafuta omwe amapezeka mu zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga.

Thandizo Mafuta ochulukirapo akamadya kwambiri tsiku ndi tsiku munthu wathanzi, chiopsezo chokhala ndi mtima wama mtima chimachulukirachulukira.Atherosclerosis, matenda amtima ndi corbaryvascular pathologies amapangidwa, ndiko kuti, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yaubongo, kuchuluka kwa thupi kumakulirakulira. Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, mafuta ochulukirapo mu chakudya amawonjezera chiopsezo chotulutsa ma pathologies amenewa kangapo (nthawi 3-5, malinga ndi ofufuza ena).

Izi zimachitika chifukwa chophunzitsidwa mokwanira ndikuzindikiridwa bwino - kuphwanya lipid kagayidwe m'thupi, kamene kamatsogolera ku pathologies.

Yang'anani! Chosangalatsa china ndichakuti ndi matenda amtundu 1 wa shuga, poyang'anira glucose m'magazi, mafutawa amatha kupezeka. Koma izi sizikugwira ntchito kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2. Ofufuza padziko lonse lapansi anazindikira kuti kuyendetsa glucose kumachita zochepa pamenepa.

Kodi tinganene chiyani pamenepa?

Odwala amalangizidwa kuti asankhe mtundu wa zakudya, womwe umalimbana ndi anti-atherosranceotic kwenikweni.

Mafuta. Tiyeni tikambirane zofanana

Ziyenera, koma popanda kutengeka, muchepetse kudya komwe kumakhala mafuta. Ndikofunikira kutsogoleredwa ndi malangizo a akatswiri odyera:

Pafupifupi gramu imodzi yamafuta pa kilogalamu imodzi ya kulemera - kwa mawerengeredwe mukamakonzera mndandanda watsiku ndi tsiku.

Thandizo poyerekeza. Mwamuna wokhala ndi thupi lolemera ma kilogalamu makumi asanu ndi awiri amatha kudya magalamu 70 pa tsiku.

Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimafunikira kukhala zochepa?

Izi ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri komanso mafuta amchere ambiri.

• nyama zamafuta ndi nyama yokonzedwa ndi zinthu zotsiriza.
• skim mkaka ndi mkaka,
• mafuta a hydrogenated, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mafakitale othandizira komanso a confectionery (mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya salomas, mafuta a hydro, margarines olimba, ndi zina).

Ogwiritsa ntchito onse omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino kapena omwe ali ndi ma pathologies, kuphatikizapo matenda amtundu wa shuga, ayenera kudziwa chidwi chomwe opanga amaika phukusi - ndizotani zomwe ma transisomers amafuta achuma amapanga mu malonda ndipo ndioyenera kugula konse?

Osapitilira mukusankha malonda kuchokera pakukhumba kwanu, ma CD okongola kapena zokonda, koma chitsogozeni ndi zopatsa thanzi zamtundu uliwonse komanso momwe zimakhudzira thanzi. Zokometsera zamakoma ndizofunikira kwambiri "kuphunzitsira"!

Ofufuza ambiri padziko lonse lapansi amakhulupirira kuti ndi ma transidomers amafuta acid omwe ali chifukwa chachikulu cha kupangika kwa atherosulinosis yamitsempha yamagazi m'magazi onse omwe ali ndi atherosclerosis, ndipo kupitilira nthawi yogwiritsa ntchito mopitilira muyeso kumabweretsa chitukuko chachikulu cha matenda ngati a 2 shuga.

Kulumpha mu kuthamanga kwa magazi, kunenepa kwambiri kosiyanasiyana, kuwonekera kwa michere-misempha dystonia, kupweteka mutu kosalekeza, kusowa tulo komanso kukhumudwa nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa vuto la kuperewera kwa thupi, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi komanso kuperewera kwa chakudya m'thupi.

Kafukufuku wa nthawi yayitali adatsimikizira kuti pakakhala zakudya zamafuta ochulukirapo m'zakudya, chidwi cha minofu ya thupi kupita ku insulin imachepetsedwa kwambiri.

Zofunika! Kukana kwa insulini ndiye chimayambitsa chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a shuga a 2. Ichi ndiye chowonadi chotsimikiziridwa ndi asayansi.

Zomwe tikukamba pano sizikusonyeza konse kuti odwala sayenera kudya nyama kapena zopangidwa ndi nyama, komanso mkaka watsopano ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimachokera pamenepo.

Ogawa zakudya amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zopanda mafuta kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, tchizi chachilengedwe chapamwamba kwambiri chomwe chili ndi mafuta osaposa 5-10% (osati 18%), ng'ombe yodontha, nyama yankhuku (mutachotsa mafuta onse owoneka ndi nyama nyama ikadalipo kale) , nyama ya nkhuku.

Koma simuyenera kudya tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo makamaka, mopanda kuchuluka, mumakhala mafuta osokonekera amitundu yonse yokhala ndi mafuta ambiri.
Zogulitsa m'misika ndi m'misika. Kodi mungasankhe bwanji?

Zogulitsa ziyenera kusankhidwa osati zowoneka, komanso pophunzira zilembo. Ndikofunikira kulabadira:

• mtundu wa zoyeserera zophikira, ngati ndi chakudya chamaliza kapena chotsirizidwa,
• Musanaphike, chotsani mafuta onse m'maso kuchokera ku nkhuku kapena nyama yanyama, osadandaula, chotsani khungu lonse ku mbalame,
• siyani zakudya zilizonse zokhazokha muzakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku, ngakhale zilibe kanthu kuti mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera ndi ati,
• muyenera kuphika ndi kuphika nyama, kuiphika mu juwisi yanu kapena, kuposa pamenepo, kuphika mu owiritsa pawiri.

Chotsani nyama yokazinga, masosefiti achilengedwe, mafuta anyama kapena msuzi kwathunthu?

Ayi, kukana chakudya chotsekemera kwathunthu komanso chapamwamba kwambiri kuchokera ku nyama yachilengedwe, ngati mumafunadi, sichofunika. Simuyenera kuchita zankhanza izi.

Zochepa kwambiri za zinthu zotere, zomwe zimadyedwa nthawi zambiri, sizingayambitse kuvulaza thupi.

Kuzindikirika kwa kapangidwe kazakudya pazisonyezero zabwino

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mafuta, zimatengera njira yabwino, yomwe ndi:

• kuwonjezeka kwa zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku za mafuta ochulukirapo,
• kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zakudya zopezeka m'mafuta ambiri.

Kuphatikiza pakukula kwakumwa, mwachitsanzo, mafuta owonjezera amkazi a maolive (monounsaturated fat acids), ndikofunikira kuti muwonjezere mafuta ochulukirapo a polyunsaturated chakudya chanu tsiku lililonse.

Malangizowa amagwira ntchito osati kwa odwala okha, komanso kwa anthu athanzi labwino, chifukwa ndi njira yodzitetezera yomwe imalepheretsa kukula kwa matenda ambiri, kuphatikizapo matenda ashuga.

Izi ndi zinthu zofunika:

• omega-6, gawo la mafuta mpendadzuwa ndi chimanga,
• omega-3 imapezeka m'mafuta ambiri am'mafuta.

Type 2 shuga mellitus, makamaka ngati imaphatikizidwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri komanso imayendera limodzi ndi kuphwanya kwa metabolism yamafuta, ili ndi machitidwe osiyana. Ndipo izi sizomwe zimachitika komanso osati kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yambiri m'mwazi, komanso kukula kwa triglycerides.

Kodi mafuta acids amagwira ntchito bwanji? Omega-3 imayendetsa kagayidwe ka triglyceride. Chifukwa chake, madokotala amalimbikitsa kuphatikizapo zakudya zowonjezera zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta achilengedwe pakudya kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2.

Zomwe muyenera kusankha - nyama yachilengedwe kapena nsomba yowonjezera?

Funso silovomerezeka. Inde, onse amawongoleredwa ndi mlingo woyenera.

Zakudya za munthu aliyense tsiku ndi tsiku zimatha kukhala ndi nsomba zamafuta ochepa. Othandizira zakuthanzi amalimbikitsa, ngakhale kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito nyama yochuluka yam'madzi yamafuta ambiri, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba kwa mtima ndi njira yake yotsutsana ndi kugunda kwa mtima ndi sitiroko.

Zakudya za nsomba zapamwamba kwambiri komanso zakudya zamzitini (mackerel, mackerel, tuna, hering, sardines, ndi zina) zimakhala ndi kakomedwe kosangalatsa ndipo zimapindulitsa thupi. Nsomba ndiye gwero lalikulu la mapuloteni athunthu mthupi, nyama ya nsomba imakhala ndi zofunikira zambiri: michere, mavitamini, michere ndi michere.

Thandizo American Diabetes Association (malangizo adasindikizidwa mu 2006) adalimbikitsa kuti nyama zam'madzi zam'nyanja zamafuta ziziphatikizidwa mukudya kwa odwala matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri.

Zinanenedwa kuti kukonza zothandizira sikulankhula ndipo kusiyanitsa ndikungowaza. Nsomba zamatenda, komanso zokonzedwa mwatsopano, zimakhala ndi mikhalidwe yofunika.

Chidacho chidawonetsa kufunikira kwa kuletsa zakudya zopanda mafuta, mafuta amafuta am'mimba komanso mafuta m'thupi.

Takopa chidwi chanu poti sikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe zamafuta. Komanso, pogula zakudya zowonjezera zakudya, mulingo woyenera uyenera kuonedwa, womwe suyenera kupitirira.

MISONKHANO IYO Yalandiridwa NDI MISONKHANO YOPHUNZITSIRA!

Mafuta ochulukirapo kwakanthawi amapangitsa kuti kuphwanya kwa lipid kagayidwe m'thupi, zimachitika chifukwa choti kuchuluka kwa cholesterol (mu lipoproteins) kumakulanso m'magazi ndipo mtima unayamba.

Malangizo a katswiri. Kuti muchepetse kuphwanya kofotokozedwa kwamafuta kagayidwe, mankhwala apadera amafunikira - ma statin ndi ma fiber. Mankhwalawa amatenga gawo lalikulu kwambiri kuposa zopatsa thanzi kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la concomitant pathologies - atherosulinosis ndi matenda a mtima.

Zakudya zamagulu m'zakudya za odwala matenda ashuga

Zakudya zomanga thupi ndizo zokha zopatsa thanzi zomwe zingakhudze kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Mpaka posachedwapa, madokotala amatsatira njira yachikhalidwe yopangira zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga, zomwe nthawi zonse zimakhazikitsidwa ndikuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa shuga mu zakudya, ndipo nthawi zambiri pamaletso ake athunthu.

Tsopano akukhulupirira kuti nthawi zambiri izi sizofunikira. Malamulowo amagwira ntchito kwa odwala onenepa kwambiri. Ngati kulemera kumafanana ndi chizolowezi, ndiye kuti zopatsa mphamvu za mu thupi ziyenera kukhala zofanana ndi zofunikira zomwe akatswiri azaumoyo amalimbikitsa. Ndi chifukwa cha shuga kuti thupi la munthu limalandira zoposa theka la mphamvu zatsiku ndi tsiku. Izi zikugwira ntchito kwa aliyense - onse odwala ndi odwala matenda ashuga.

Mapeto Mpaka posachedwa, malingaliro omwe anali odziwika kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri amalembedwa ndi madokotala ambiri tsopano:

“Idya zakudya zochepa ndipo udzakhala wathanzi” –

sizowona. Malingaliro tsopano amawonedwa kuti ndi achikale.

Carbohydrate zikuchokera

Zakudya zomanga thupi zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Zikuwonekeratu kuti zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku siziyenera kuphatikizapo shuga wambiri ndi chakudya kuchokera pamenepo (zinthu zophika ndi confectionery).

Chonde dziwani kuti njira yachipatala yopangira zakudya za odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 ndipo odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 amasiyana. Munjira yoyamba, chakudya "chosawerengeka" sichimangolembedwa kapena chimalimbikitsidwa pokhapokha.

Gwero la shuga ndi chakudya chokhala ndi index yotsika ya glycemic, yomwe imakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yamtengo wapatali.

Izi ndi:

• masamba ndi zipatso:
• zipatso ndi mtedza
• nyemba ndi zophika buledi (kuchokera ku ufa wowundana ndi kuphatikiza kwa mbewu kapena masamba osapsa).

Odwala onenepa ayenera kupatula shuga pakudya kwawo (monga gwero lamphamvu). Kukana kwathunthu shuga ndi "zotsekemera" ndikofunikira kwa gawo lalikulu, koma osati kwa onse odwala.

Ndikofunikira kuti mitundu yonse ya zinthu zotsekemera igwere pansi pa zoletsedwa kwathunthu. Mukamasankha, muyenera kuwongoleredwa ndi zisonyezo za glycemic index yamalonda.

Nthawi zina, odwala amatumizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito uchi wachilengedwe m'malo mwa shuga. Zikuwonekeratu kuti mankhwalawa ndi abwino kuposa shuga. Komabe, uchi amadziwika ndi mtundu wa glycemic wokwera kwambiri kuposa index ya shuga, chifukwa umakhala ndi pafupifupi 50% ya glucose yomwe imalowa mu minofu ya thupi.

Zambiri zikuwonetsa:

Poletsa kudya zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta achilengedwe ambiri, zotsatira zabwino zamankhwala zalandiridwa, zomwe zitha kuonedwa kuti ndizothandiza kwambiri kuposa zomwe zimawonedwa kufikira mulingo uliwonse komanso ngakhale kukanidwa kwathunthu kwa shuga ndi zinthu zokhala ndi shuga (mankhwala opangidwa ndi umboni).

Chidule:

Pakufunika kochepetsera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu m'thupi la wodwalayo, kutsatira malangizo omwe amaperekedwa pokhudzana ndi zoletsedwa zonse za shuga ndi shuga (marshmallows, marmalade, maswiti, chokoleti zachilengedwe, kupanikizana, ndi zina zotere), zitha kusinthidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zofanana.

Chitsanzo. Pafupifupi 40 magalamu a shuga ndi 130 kcal. Uku ndi pafupifupi 60 magalamu a mkate wa rye kapena pafupifupi 50 magalamu a pasitala.

Posankha zinthu, munthu ayenera kuchokera ku kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya chakudya chamagulu atatha kudya pazakudya zowonjezera shuga m'magazi. (Medical Science Science Center of Endocrinology. Academy of Medical Science of the Russian Federation).

Timapereka lingaliro lina. American Diabetes Association:

"... kuphatikiza shuga ndi maswiti osiyanasiyana amaloledwa kwathunthu muzakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku za odwala" (lofalitsidwa mu 2006).

Dziwani kuti mukamagwiritsa ntchito shuga, ndikofunikira "kuphimba" ndi mapiritsi ochita mwachangu, mwachitsanzo, akufuna kuti mutenge:

• Repaglinide
• nateglinide
• kuperekera insulin mwachangu yotsika mtengo kwakanthawi kotsatira

1. Lizpro
2. Aspart
3. glulisin.

Kodi ndi malingaliro ati omwe tingapereke?

Njira iyi pakusankhidwa kwa zinthu imatha kutchedwa yokhulupirika kwambiri.

Ndikokayikira kuti ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Chifukwa chake, tili ndi ufulu wosiya chisankhocho kwa odwala. Popeza tapereka chidziwitso chokwanira bwino chazomwe zilipo pakalipano, tikupangira kuti anthu odwala matenda ashuga azisankha okha nthawi iliyonse pogwiritsa ntchito zabwino zambiri "zabwino" ayenera "kulanda" chimo lawo ndi piritsi kapena jakisoni wa insulin.

Tikuwuzanso kuti, ndalama, mitengo ya zinthu zomwe zadyedwa zokhala ndi "zakudya" izi zimakwera kwambiri. Komanso, ngati mukuphatikiza mtengo wa mankhwala apadera.

Mankhwala a insulin

Ngati jakisoni wa insulin aperekedwa, ndiye kuti wodwalayo ayenera kusinthidwa kuti adye (ndikugawa chakudya ndi kulingalira "magawo a mkate"), ndiye kuti, muyenera kutsatira zomwezo monga za mtundu woyamba wa shuga.

Pankhaniyi, zikuwonetseredwa zonse komanso zofunikira zake, zomwe zimasinthidwa malinga ndi momwe wodwalayo alili asanachiritsidwe. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwa insulin, komwe kumayenda limodzi ndi kunenepa kwambiri, kudzikundikira kwa madzi ndi sodium mu minofu ya thupi, komanso kumakhala ndi njala.

Ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi kudziletsa komanso kuwunika momwe zinthu zilili, kuwunika glucose wamagazi kunyumba. Wodwala ayenera kudziwitsidwa za zizindikiro za hypoglycemia, moyo wake komanso zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, kuopsa kwa kumwa mowa ndi kusuta.