Lactose monohydrate - ndi chiyani? Cholinga, ntchito, kapangidwe kake ndi zotsutsana

Lactose, kapena shuga mkaka, ndi imodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri zotulutsa, popanda zomwe thupi la munthu silingathe kuchita.

Zotsatira za chinthuchi pakapangidwa malovu ndi chimbudzi zimalongosola zabwino zonse. Koma nthawi zina disaccharide imabweretsa zotsatira zovulaza kwa anthu omwe ali ndi lactose tsankho.

Kodi mapindu ndi zoopsa za chinthu ndi chiyani?

Zambiri pa lactose

Kuphatikizika kosiyanasiyana kumakhalapo, mwa iwo mumakhala ma monosaccharides (amodzi: mwachitsanzo, fructose), oligosaccharides (zingapo) ndi polysaccharides (ambiri). Nawonso, mafuta ocigosaccharide amalembedwa monga di- (2), tri- (3) ndi tetrasaccharides (4).

Lactose ndi disaccharide, yomwe imadziwika kuti shuga ya mkaka. Mitundu yake yamakankhwala ili motere: C12H22O11. Ndilo latsalira la mamolekyulu a galactose ndi glucose.

Maumboni okhudzana kwambiri ndi lactose amachokera kwa wasayansi F. Bartoletti, yemwe mu 1619 anapeza chinthu chatsopano. Katunduyu adadziwika kuti ndi shuga m'ma 1780 chifukwa cha ntchito ya wasayansi K.V. Scheel.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti pafupifupi 6% ya lactose imapezeka mkaka wa ng'ombe ndi 8% mkaka wa munthu. Disaccharide imapangidwanso ngati chopangidwa popanga tchizi. Pazinthu zachilengedwe, imayimiriridwa ndi phula lactose monohydrate. Ndi ufa wopanda pake, wopanda pake komanso wopanda vuto. Imasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi ndipo sikugwirizana ndi mowa. Mukatentha, disaccharide imataya mamolekyulu amadzi, chifukwa chake imasandulika kukhala lactose.

Kamodzi m'thupi la munthu, shuga mkaka umagawika magawo awiri motsogozedwa ndi michere - glucose ndi galactose. Pakapita kanthawi, zinthuzi zimalowa m'magazi.

Akuluakulu ena amakumana ndi vuto chifukwa chosamwa bwino mkaka chifukwa cha kuchepa kapena kuperewera kwa lactase, enzyme yapadera yomwe imaphwanya lactose. Komanso, mwa ana izi sizachilendo. Malongosoledwe azinthu izi adayamba kale.

Amadziwika kuti ng'ombe zinali zoweta zaka 8,000 zokha zapitazo. Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, makanda okha ndi omwe ankadyetsedwa mkaka wa m'mawere. Pazaka izi, thupi limapanga lactase yoyenera. Munthu akamakula, thupi lake limafunitsitsa. Koma zaka 8,000 zapitazo, zinthu zidasintha - munthu wamkulu adayamba kudya mkaka, kotero thupi lidayenera kumanganso kuti lipange kachiwiri lactase.

Ubwino wa shuga mkaka kwa thupi

Kufunika kwachilengedwe kwa shuga mkaka ndizambiri.

Ntchito yake ndikuwongolera kuphatikizika kwa malovu pamlomo wamkamwa ndikuwonjezera kuyamwa kwa mavitamini a gulu B, C ndi calcium. Kamodzi m'matumbo, lactose imachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa lactobacilli ndi bifidobacteria.

Mkaka ndi chidziwitso chodziwika bwino kwa aliyense yemwe ayenera kupezeka muzakudya za munthu aliyense. Lactose, yomwe ndi gawo lake, imagwira ntchito zofunikira mthupi la munthu:

1. Gwero lamphamvu. Kamodzi m'thupi, imapukusidwa ndikuthanso mphamvu. Ndi lacactose yochepa, masitolo ogulitsa mapuloteni samadyedwa, koma amakhala nawo. Kuphatikiza apo, kudya pafupipafupi ma carbohydrate kumathandiza kusunga mphamvu zamapuloteni zomwe zimasonkhana mu minofu.
2. Kulemera. Ngati calorie kudya patsiku uchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu zowotchera, ndiye kuti lactose imayikidwa ngati mafuta. Katunduyu amafunika kuganiziridwa kwa iwo omwe akufuna kukhala bwino, komanso omwe akufuna kuchepetsa thupi.
3. Kuwongolera chimbudzi. Lactose itangokhala m'mimba yotsekemera, imaphulika kukhala monosaccharides. Thupi silipanga mkaka wokwanira, munthu amakhala ndi vuto pakudya mkaka.

Kupindulitsa kwa shuga mkaka sikokwanira. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, lactose amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani awa:

• chakudya chophika
• chemistry yowunikira
• kupanga chilengedwe cha maselo ndi mabakiteriya,

Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholowa chamkaka waanthu popanga mkaka wa ana wakhanda.

Lactose tsankho: Zizindikiro ndi zomwe zimayambitsa

Lactose tsankho limamveka kutanthauza kulephera kwa thupi kugwetsa chinthu ichi. Dysbacteriosis imawonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zosasangalatsa: kugona, kupweteka kwam'mimba, nseru ndi m'mimba.

Potsimikizira kuti pali vuto la tsankho lactose, mkaka uyenera kusiyidwa. Komabe, kukana kwathunthu kumabweretsa zovuta zatsopano monga kuchepa kwa vitamini D ndi potaziyamu. Chifukwa chake, lactose iyenera kudyedwa ndi zakudya zina zopatsa thanzi.

Kuperewera kwa lactose kumatha kuchitika pazifukwa zazikulu ziwiri, monga majini ndi matumbo (matenda a Crohn).

Sinthani pakati pakusalolerana ndi kuperewera kwa lactose. Kachiwiri, anthu alibe vuto la chimbudzi, atha kukhala ndi nkhawa pang'onopang'ono pamimba.

Chifukwa chodziwika bwino chopangitsa kuti pakhale tsankho la lactose ndikukula kwa munthu. Popita nthawi, thupi lake limasowa, ndipo amayamba kupanga enzyme yapadera.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imafunikira lactose mosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, chisonyezo chapamwamba kwambiri cha kusagwirizana ndi chinthucho chimawonedwa m'maiko aku Asia. 10% yokha mwa anthu omwe amadya mkaka, 90% yotsalayo sangathe kuyamwa lactose.

Ponena za anthu aku Europe, zinthu zimawonedwa chimodzimodzi. Ndi 5% yokha mwa akuluakulu omwe amavutika kutulutsa disaccharide.

Chifukwa chake, anthu amavulala ndikupindula ndi lactose, chifukwa zonse zimatengera ngati thupilo limalowa ndi thupi kapena ayi.

Kupanda kutero, mudzasinthira mkaka ndi zina zowonjezera chakudya kuti mupeze shuga ya mkaka wofunikira.

General katundu

Lactose, monga chinthu, ndi chamgulu chamagulu a oligosaccharides. Ma carbohydrate ndi mankhwala omwe amapezeka muzinthu zonse zamafuta ndikupanga magulu a carbonyl ndi hydroxyl. Oligosaccharides, kumbali inayo, ndi gulu lamafuta okhala ndi magawo awiri kapena anayi osavuta - saccharides. Pali magawo awiri otere mu lactose: glucose ndi galactose.

Chifukwa chakuti lactose imapezeka kwambiri mkaka, imatchedwanso "shuga mkaka". Zothandizira zamankhwala zimawonetsa kuti lactose monohydrate ndi molekyu ya lactose yokhala ndi molekyu yamadzi yolumikizidwa nayo.

Popeza lactose imakhala ndi minyewa iwiri yosavuta yopanga: glucose ndi galactose, imatchedwa disaccharide mu dongosolo la gulu, ndipo pakugawa amapanga ma monosaccharides oyambilira. Disaccharides imakhalanso ndi sucrose yomwe timadziwika nayo, yomwe ikasweka, imapanga shuga ndi fructose. Chifukwa chake, potengera katundu wa carbohydrate ndi kuchuluka kwa cleavage m'thupi, mamolekyu onsewa ndi othandizana kwambiri ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana nthawi zina.

Lactose yopanda molekyu yamadzi (anydrous) imasungidwa kocheperako kuposa mawonekedwe a kristalo hydrate, chifukwa chake mamolekyulu amadzi amawonjezera kuti cholinga chake chisungidwe.

Zomwe zimachitika

Lactose imawoneka ngati ufa wamba wonyezimira wopanda pake. Imasungunuka m'madzi bwino, imakhala ndi kutsekemera. Monga mankhwala othandizira, lactose monohydrate imasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa tinthu: kuchokera pa chinthu chaching'ono kwambiri cha mapiritsi okhala ndi zinthu zing'onozing'ono waukulu waukulu mpaka zigawo zazikulu zamapiritsi okhala ndi zitsamba zamankhwala. Particle size control imachitika makamaka muzochitika zamankhwala chifukwa chakufunika kolamulira mayamwidwe a yogwira mankhwala. Pazogulitsa zamakampani, zofunika pazinthu ndizochepa.

Zoyeretsa m'thupi

Mkaka ndiye gwero lalikulu la lactose, lomwe lili ndi 6%. Ndi mkaka womwe umakhala ndi lactose monohydrate, womwe umalowa m'thupi lathu ukatha. Nthawi zambiri, mutalowa m'mimba, lactose imayang'aniridwa ndi enzymatic kanthu, imagawidwa ma monosaccharides awiri: glucose ndi galactose. Pambuyo pake, mafuta osavuta amatha kupita ku zofunikira za thupi, ndikubwezeretsanso mphamvu zake.

Popeza mashupi osavuta amapangidwa chifukwa cha cleavage kuchokera ku disaccharide, kugwiritsa ntchito lactose monohydrate, zonse monga chakudya komanso gawo la mankhwala, kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Ndondomeko ya cleavage ndiyotheka chifukwa cha ntchito ya enactme ya lactase. Kuchuluka kwake kuli mthupi la mwana wathanzi labwino, ndipo ndi iye amene amamulola kukhala pa chakudya chamkaka. Nthawi ya bere itatha, kuchuluka kwa enzyme kumatsika ndikulekerera mkaka kumachepa. Kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka enzyme kameneka kamapezeka m'thupi la achikulire ndi okhala m'chigawo cha Asia. Anthu ku Europe sataya mwayi wawo wofuna kuyamwa zinthu zamkaka ndi ukalamba.

Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala

Lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate ndizomwe zimapezeka kwambiri pamitundu ya mapiritsi. Ndizovuta kwambiri kupeza piritsi lomwe mulibe zinthu ziwiri izi. Koma chifukwa kufalikira kwa tsankho la lactose pakati pa anthu, opanga mankhwala ayamba kugulitsa mapiritsi opanda lactose.

Koma ngakhale atatuluka kagawo kakang'ono ka kukonzekera komwe kulibe shuga mkaka, lactose ndi gawo limodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zam'mapiritsi.

Opanga amawonjezera lactose monohydrate pamapiritsi ngati filimu, chifukwa chinthu ichi ndichoperetsetsa kwambiri m'thupi la munthu, chifukwa chake sichikhudza kukhudzika kwa zinthu zomwe zikuyenda komanso zotsatira za chithandizo. Zinthu zosaloŵerera m'thupi la munthu sizipezeka. Amadziwikanso kuti lactose monohydrate pakupanga mankhwala siwosasangalatsa kwenikweni, kuphatikiza pakusintha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, izi zimakhudza pang'ono zomwe zimachitika mthupi la munthu. Koma vuto la shuga ndikofunikira (mwachitsanzo, mukamamwa mankhwala ochepetsa matenda a shuga) ndiye kuti lactose monohydrate sagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Gwiritsani ntchito muzakudya

M'mafakitale azakudya, lactose sagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lokhala ngati mkaka. Imatha kupezeka mu glazes, pastries, ndi phala yophika. Ngati lactose monohydrate ikufunika ngati gawo losagwirizana ndi mankhwala, ndiye kuti kupanga zakudya kumagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zake.

Zopangira zamtundu sizimataya khungu pomwe lactose imawonjezeredwa; Chifukwa chakuti mankhwalawa alibe kukoma kotchulidwa, ndi kosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito popanga chakudya, ndipo sikukhudza kukoma kwake komaliza.

Makampani opanga ma confectionery amagwiritsa ntchito lactose monohydrate ngati zotsekemera. Shuga wamkaka sakhala lokoma kwenikweni kuposa sucrose yokhazikika komanso yovulaza. Chifukwa chake, amawaonjezera maswiti, makeke, ndi makeke kuti awapatse kununkhira kokoma.

Mphamvu ya lactose monohydrate pa thupi

Ngakhale chiwonetsero chazinthu chathunthu m'thupi, lactose ili ndi machitidwe ofunikira omwe amakhudza thupi mwachindunji. Izi zimatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zabwino komanso zoyipa. Chifukwa chake, musanagwiritse ntchito lactose monohydrate, ndikofunikira kulingalira zomwe zimachitika m'thupi ndi momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito.

Zotsatira zabwino

Lactose monohydrate amadziwika kuti ndi chakudya. Monga chakudya chilichonse, lactose makamaka imakhala mphamvu m'thupi. Itha kudziwitsidwa ndi chakudya chosavuta, chifukwa chake zimakhala ndi mitundu iwiri yosavuta: glucose ndi galactose. Chifukwa chake, pamene ilowa m'thupi, imagwa mwachangu kwambiri pazinthu zazikulu zamagetsi ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Komanso, mankhwalawa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chothandizira microflora, chifukwa ndiwothandiza kwambiri m'matumbo.

Lactose imakhudzanso mphamvu yamanjenje, chifukwa chake imatha kuwonjezeredwa ku cocktails zakumwa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa masewera komanso nthawi yobwezeretsa pambuyo pochiza matenda.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Zotsatira zoyipa za lactose monohydrate ndizochepa kwambiri: zinthu zimatha kukhala zovulaza pokhapokha ngati sizigwirizana. Kuphatikiza pa tsankho, izi zimatha kukhala, mwina, koma zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, makamaka mukamadya ngati gawo la chakudya. Izi zitha kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu pa thanzi la anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Njira yolandirira

Njira yopezera lactose imagwirizana kwathunthu ndi zida zachilengedwe - Whey. Tekinoloje yosavuta kwambiri yomwe ikupezeka imaphatikizapo zinthu zouma za mkaka pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthira yosmosis. Pambuyo pake, lactose imatsukidwa, kupukutidwa ndikuuma.

Kodi lactose ndi chiyani?

Lactose ndi amodzi mwa magulu ofunikira kwambiri a chakudya chamagulu; amakhala opanga ma hydroxyl ndi magulu a carboxyl.

Pali zakudya zam'madzi za mtundu wa mono-, oligosaccharide (oligo - "zingapo") ndi ma polysaccharides. Oligosaccharides, nawonso amalembedwa monga ma disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides.

Lactose (formula yamafuta - С12Н229911), limodzi ndi sucrose ndi maltose, ndi amodzi mwa omwe amatulutsa. Chifukwa cha hydrolysis, imasinthidwa kukhala ma saccharides awiri - shuga ndi galactose.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, adayamba kukambirana za lactose mu 1619, Fabrizio Bartoletti wa ku Italy atapeza chinthu chatsopano. Koma mu 1780 pokhapokha, katswiri wa mankhwala ochokera ku Sweden Karl Wilhelm Scheel adatanthauzira kuti shuga. Disaccharide iyi imapezeka mkaka wa ng'ombe (pafupifupi 4-6 peresenti) komanso mkaka wachikazi (kuchokera pa 5 mpaka 8 peresenti ya kapangidwe kake). Shuga wamkaka amapangidwanso pakupanga tchizi - monga chopangidwa, ndipo ndi yoyera yoyera.

Mwachilengedwe, makamaka mkaka, shuga amaperekedwa ngati lactose monohydrate - chakudya ndi molekyulu yamadzi. Lactose yoyera ndi ufa wopanda pake wonunkhira bwino womwe umasungunuka bwino m'madzi koma umagwira pang'ono pokha ndi ma alcohols. Pakutentha, disaccharide imataya mamolekyulu amodzi amadzi ndipo motero anactrous lactose amapangidwa.

Kusweka kwa lactose

Monga tanena kale, mkaka, gawo la chakudya ichi ndi pafupifupi 6 peresenti ya zonse. Kamodzi m'thupi limodzi ndi mkaka, lactose imatha kukhala ndi michere kenako kulowa m'magazi. Komabe, pali zochitika zina pamene thupi silingathe kugaya shuga mkaka, chifukwa silingathe kupanga enzyme lactase yofunikira pakuwonongeka. Ndipo ndi ukalamba, monga momwe asayansi akuwonera, anthu ali pachiwopsezo cha kusowa kapena kupezeka kwathunthu kwa lactase, komwe kumayambitsa tsankho lokwanira kuzinthu zamafuta.

Amakhulupirira kuti anthu adabzala ng'ombe zaka 8,000 zapitazo. Ndipo zitatha izi mkaka udawoneka mu chakudya cha munthu wakale. Mwakutero, sichoncho.Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, zopangira mkaka zawoneka m'zakudya za akuluakulu. Popeza m'mbuyomu ana okhawo amadya mkaka komanso amayi okha. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuli kwachilengedwe kuti makanda sakhala ndi vuto lililonse ndi chakudya chokhala mkaka, popeza lactase imapangidwa nthawi zonse komanso molondola m'thupi lawo. Anthu akale atakula sanali opanda lactase ndipo samamva chilichonse. Ndipo nditangoyambitsa mkaka muzakudya, anthu ambiri adazindikira mtundu wa masinthidwe - thupi lidayamba kupanga ma enzyme ofunikira kupukusa lactose mu ukalamba.

Udindo wachilengedwe

Ngakhale kutsutsana kwa sayansi pazabwino za lactose kwa munthu wamkulu, saccharide iyi imagwira gawo lofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa thupi. Kungolowa mkamwa wamkamwa, kumakhudzanso kuphatikizana kwa malovu - kumapereka mawonekedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, amalimbikitsa kuyamwa kogwira kwambiri zamagulu a B-group, ascorbic acid ndi calcium. Ndipo kulowa m'matumbo, kumayambitsa kubadwanso kwa bifidobacteria ndi lactobacilli, komwe ndikofunikira pakugwira ntchito koyenera kwa thupi.

Lactose wa ...

Zakudya zomanga thupi zonse ndi gwero lamphamvu. Lactose imathandizanso ngati mtundu wa mafuta kwa anthu. Pambuyo pakulowetsa, zimapukusidwa ndikuthandizira kutulutsa mphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, kumwa shuga mkaka kungapulumutse mapuloteni m'thupi. Pamaso pa chakudya chamafuta ochulukirapo, kuphatikiza lactose, thupi siligwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni ngati mafuta, koma limadziunjikira m'misempha. Zimathandizanso kuti mapuloteni achite ntchito zina zofunika mthupi.

... kulemera

Ngati kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu kumachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu zowotchera, zochulukirapo zimasungidwa ngati mafuta. Lactose akamadyedwa pamlingo waukulu kuposa momwe amafunikira, thupi limasintha shuga kukhala minofu ya adipose, yomwe pambuyo pake imatsogolera kuwonjezeka. Kugwiritsa ntchito shuga kwa mkaka uku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pakakhala koyenera kusintha thupi kuti liwonjezeke.

... chimbudzi

Lactose isanasanduke mphamvu, imayenera kulowa mgulu la chakudya, pomwe imasokonekera kukhala monosaccharides mothandizidwa ndi enzyme. Komabe, ngati thupi silitulutsa lactase yokwanira, zovuta zam'mimba zimatha kuchitika. Shuga wopanda mkaka amadzetsa m'mimba, kupweteka kwam'mimba, kutulutsa, mseru, ndi m'mimba.

Zoyambitsa Kusalolera

Lactase akusowa akhoza kubereka. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika mwa anthu chifukwa cha kusintha pamitundu.

Kuphatikiza apo, tsankho limatha kuchitika chifukwa cha matenda, kuphatikizira omwe amatsatana ndi kuwonongeka kwa mucosa wamatumbo. Zizindikiro zosalolera zitha kuonekeranso ndi zaka kapena vuto la matumbo akulu, monga matenda a Crohn.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchepa kwa lactase ndizotsatira zamakampani. Zachilengedwe zayala "pulogalamu" malinga ndi momwe kuchuluka kwa lactase komwe kumapangidwira kumachepera ndi zaka. Ndipo njira, m'magulu osiyanasiyana, kuchuluka ndi kuthamanga kwa kuchepa kumeneku ndikosiyana. Chizindikiro chachikulu kwambiri cha kusagwirizana kwa lactose chimalembedwa pakati pa anthu okhala ku Asia. Pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya akuluakulu aku Asia sangathe kulekerera mkaka. Koma kwa okhala kumpoto kwa Europe, hypolactasia ndi vuto losowa kwambiri: ndi 5 peresenti yokha ya achikulire omwe amadzimva kuti alibe.

Ndipo chinthu chimodzi: mfundo ziwiri ziyenera kusiyanitsidwa - kuperewera kwa lactose ndi kuchepa kwa lactase. Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lochepa la enzyme, monga lamulo, samazindikira ngakhale kusowa chakudya pambuyo pakudya mkaka. Ndi kuchepa kwa lactase, ndende ya enzyme m'matumbo amachepa, osayambitsa mavuto. Koma tsankho limayendera limodzi ndi zizindikiro zosonyeza kuzindikira kwa mkaka ndi thupi. Amachitika pambuyo poti disaccharide yopanda pake ikalowa m'matumbo ndi matumbo aang'ono. Koma, mwatsoka, Zizindikiro za kusalolera zimafanana ndi matenda ena am'mimba, chifukwa chake ndizovuta kuti athe kuzindikira za lactose osazindikira mwa izi.

Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu yotsutsana ya lactose:

1. Poyamba Uwu ndiye mtundu wofala kwambiri. Zimachitika ndi zaka. Zimafotokozedwa ndi mawonekedwe a thupi. Anthu pazaka zambiri amadya zakudya zamkaka zochepa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kufunika kopanga lactase kumatha. Kusalolera kwamtunduwu ndizofala kwambiri pakati pa anthu ku Asia, Africa, Mediterranean ndi America.
2. Sekondale Amayamba chifukwa cha matenda kapena kuvulala. Nthawi zambiri pambuyo pa matenda a celiac, kutupa kwamatumbo, opareshoni yamatumbo ang'onoang'ono. Zina mwazomwe zimayambitsa kusalolera zimaphatikizapo matenda a Crohn, matenda a Whipple, ulcerative colitis, chemotherapy, ngakhale chimfine.
3. Zakanthawi. Kusalolera kwamtunduwu kumachitika mwa ana obadwa kale. Zimafotokozedwa ndikuti pokhapokha masabata 34 atatenga pathupi mwana amakhala ndi mwayi wopanga enactme ya lactase.

Momwe mungadziwire kupezeka kwa lactose tsankho

Kudzisankhira tsankho la lactose sikophweka. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti ndikokwanira kusiya zinthu zamkaka kuti mupewe mavuto. M'malo mwake, muzinthu zamakono zamalonda, lactose samapezeka mkaka wokha. Anthu ena amakana mkaka kwathunthu, koma zizindikilo za kudzimbidwa sizimapita. Chifukwa chake, sizosadabwitsa kuti molakwika amachotsa kusalolera kwa lactose pamndandanda wazomwe zingayambitse kudzimbidwa.

Kunyumba, mutha kuwona kulekerera / kusalolera mothandizidwa ndi mayeso. Chifukwa chake, tsiku lamaphunziro lisanachitike, chakudya chomaliza sichinathe maola 18. Ndipo m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu mumamwa kapu imodzi ya mkaka ndipo musadye chilichonse kwa maola 3-5. Ngati pali tsankho lactose, Zizindikiro zimayenera kuwonekera patatha mphindi 30 mutatha kumwa mankhwala kapena kwa maola awiri. Ndipo chinthu chimodzi chinanso. Ndikofunika kutenga mkaka wowerengeka kuti mumayesedwe kuti mupeze zomwe mwina mafuta amachititsa kudzimbidwa.

Zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi lactose

Zomwe zikuwoneka bwino kwambiri za lactose ndi zinthu zamkaka. Mutha kutsimikiza kuti mukamadya mkaka, ma yoghurts, kirimu wowawasa, tchizi, mudzapeza lactose.

Koma pali mndandanda wazidziwitso zochepa. Ndipo kukhala osatekeseka kwambiri - mosayembekezereka. Tsopano tiyeni tisanthule mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga mkaka.

Zakudya zamkaka

Zopangira mkaka sizomwe zimangodziwika bwino za lactose, komanso ndizokhazikika kwambiri ndi mafuta awa. Mwachitsanzo, kapu ya mkaka imakhala ndi magalamu 12 a lactose. Koma tchizi, womwe umakhala ndi shuga wambiri mkaka, umaganiziridwa kale kuti ndi chinthu chotsika mtengo (cheddar, parmesan, ricotta, Swiss). Pazopaka zamkaka zophika, monga yoghurts, kuchuluka kwa lactose sikotsika kwambiri. Koma chifukwa cha kupezeka kwawo kwa michere yomwe imawononga ma disaccharide, imalekerera mosavuta.

Njira ina yokhala mkaka ingakhale mkaka wa soya wopanda mkaka ndi mitundu ina ya mkaka. Komanso, ndi hypolactasia, mkaka umatha m'malo mwa zinthu mkaka. Mwachitsanzo, mu kefir, kuchuluka kwa chakudya chokwanira kumachepetsedwa chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa enzyme yoyenera pakapangidwe kake.

Zinthu zina

Shuga yochepa mkaka imatha kupezeka muzinthu zophika, zosakaniza zam'mawa. Katunduyu amapezekanso muma crisps ndi sopo wowuma. Kuphatikiza apo, pogula margarines, mavalidwe a saladi, muyenera kukhala okonzeka kudya lactose, ngakhale pang'ono. Yankho lafunso: "Kodi zidapangidwa bwanji?" Zithandizira kudziwa kupezeka kwa saccharide mu malonda ena.

Zinthu zopangidwa

Zakudya zambiri zimathandizidwa ndi mkaka ndi mkaka kuti azikulitsa moyo wawo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti anthu omwe ali ndi lactose tsankho aziwerenga mosamala zolembera pa chakudya. Kukhalapo kwa mkaka, Whey, tchizi choko, zokongoletsera zamkaka, ufa wa mkaka, mkaka wopendekera pakati pazosakaniza zimawonetsa kukhalapo kwa lactose.

Malo obisika a shuga mkaka:

Mankhwala ambiri amakhala ndi lactose monga wosefera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mankhwalawo akhale amtunduwu komanso kukoma kwake. Makamaka, shuga ya mkaka imapezeka m'mapiritsi oteteza kulera komanso mavitamini D. Koma, monga lamulo, chakudya chamafuta amapezeka muzambiri zochepa pakukonzekera uku. Chifukwa chake ngakhale anthu omwe ali osalolera ku chinthucho nthawi zambiri amatha kulandira mankhwala.

Ma wofi, ma cookie, ma crackers, mkate, tchipisi za mbatata, granola, chimanga nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizanso lactose. Ndipo muyenera kukhala okonzekera izi, zomwe mthupi lake mulibe enactase.

Nyama mwina ndiye chinthu chomaliza chomwe munthu angaganize kuti ndi gwero lactose. Koma, komabe, kukonzedwa nyama mwanjira ya nyama yankhumba, masoseji, masoseji ndi zinthu zina sizopanda shuga mkaka.

1. Khofi wa Instant, msuzi "wofulumira".

Kodi mumakonda khofi ndi sopo kapena mbatata, pokonzekera yomwe mumangofunika kuwonjezera madzi otentha? Kenako dziwani kuti nawo mumapeza lactose. Chifukwa chiyani shuga mkaka mu zinthu izi? Imakhala ndi kapangidwe kazinthuzo, zimalepheretsa kupindika, ndipo zimapatsanso ulemu wapadera.

Zovala zambiri za saladi zimakhala ndi lactose, zomwe zimapatsa makonzedwe ake kufunika, kulawa. Ngati mukufuna kupewa shuga yowonjezera yamkaka, ndiye kuti ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a masamba, monga maolivi, ngati chovala. Kuphatikiza apo, ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuposa kavalidwe kakonzedwe kabwino.

Zina mwazomwezi zili ndi shuga. Chifukwa cha izo, okometsetsa omwe amapezeka mapiritsi kapena ufa amasungunuka mwachangu mu chakudya.

Mitundu ina ya mowa ilinso ndi shuga mkaka. Kupezeka kwakukulu kwa zinthu kumakhala zakumwa za mkaka. Mowa nawonso ndi imodzi mwazogulitsa zomwe mawonekedwe ake angakhale okondweretsa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la shuga la mkaka.

Anthu ambiri ali ndi chitsimikizo kuti margarine ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zimaphika batala, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sipangakhale chilichonse mkaka. M'malo mwake, mafuta ambiri m'gululi amakhala ndi lactose, yomwe imapangitsa kukoma kwa margarine.

Momwe Mungapewere Lactose

Chifukwa chake, njira yokhayo yopewera lactose muzinthu kuchokera m'masitolo ndikuwerenga malembawo mosamala. Nthawi yomweyo, munthu sayenera kuyembekeza kuti wopanga adzalemba pazinthu zonse: "Muli lactose". M'malo mwake, chinthuchi pakuphatikizidwa kwa chakudya chimatha kubisala pansi pa mayina ena, mwachitsanzo: Whey, kesiin, tchizi chinyumba, ufa wa mkaka. Koma panthawi imodzimodzi, muyenera kudziwa kuti mayina ofananawo - lactate ndi lactic acid - ndizosakaniza zosiyanasiyana zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi lactose.

Omanga a thupi nawonso amakhala ndi vuto la kusalolera mpaka shuga mkaka. Koma kugwedeza kwamapuloteni ambiri kumakhala ndi mkaka. Chifukwa chake, opanga zakudya zamagetsi apanga mapuloteni opanda lactose., zomwe, komabe, zimatha kudyedwa ndi anthu onse okhala ndi vuto lactase.

Zotsutsana zingapo za shuga mkaka

Anthu ambiri amalankhula za lactose kokha ngati chovulaza. Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti mafuta awa amapezeka mkaka - m'zinthu zomwe zimayamwa zimadyetsa ana awo osabadwa malingana ndi lingaliro lachilengedwe. Ndipo zomveka, chakudya ichi chiyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zambiri zopindulitsa.

Masamba a mkaka:

• galactose, yomwe ndi gawo la lactose, ndi imodzi mwazofunikira 8 za thupi.
• imathandizira chitetezo chokwanira, chimalimbikitsa kupanga ma antibodies,
• galactose, gawo lactose, lotchedwa shuga ku ubongo, makamaka ndikofunikira kwa makanda,
• galactose - kupewa khansa ndi njoka,
• Amathandizira kuchiritsa bala
• Iyamba Kuthamanga kagayidwe ndi mayamwidwe kashiamu,
• chimateteza ku x-ray,
• ndizofunikira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi nyamakazi ndi lupus,
• prophylactic motsutsana ndi matenda amtima,
• lactose ndiwotsika-kalori wokoma,
• Mndandanda wa glycemic wa lactose ndi wocheperapo kuposa 2 wa glucose, womwe umathandiza kwa odwala matenda a shuga.
• kumapangitsa dongosolo lamanjenje
• lactose imakhudza matumbo a microflora, polimbikitsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya opindulitsa.

Chithandizo cha Lactose Intolerance

Pakadali pano, palibe njira yothanirana ndi shuga wa mkaka, kupatula kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi a lactase piritsi. Chokhacho chomwe chitha kuthandiza anthu omwe ali ndi vuto ili ndikuchepetsa zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi lactose. Amakhulupilira kuti pafupifupi theka la kapu imodzi ya mkaka (yomwe ili ndi pafupifupi 4.5 g ya saccharide) sichimayambitsa zotsatira za tsankho. Komanso, mukamadya mankhwala amkaka, ndibwino kuti musankhe zakudya zamafuta ochepa kapena otsika-lipid, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa lactose m'mako nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotsika. Kwa ana omwe ali ndi vuto la shuga la mkaka, pali mtundu wina wa ana wopanda mkaka.

Nthawi zina anthu amaganiza molakwika kuti lactose imatsutsana ndi mkaka. M'malo mwake, awa ndi matenda awiri osiyana. Chowonekera kwa iwo ndikuti zotsatira zosasangalatsa, monga lamulo, zimayambitsidwa ndi chakudya chamkaka. Pakadali pano, ziwengo zimayendera limodzi ndi kuphulika pakhungu, kuyabwa, mphuno, zomwe sizimachitika ndi hypolactasia. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa matenda onse chifukwa. Thupi la ziwengo limayankhula za mavuto ndi chitetezo chamthupi, tsankho la lactose - kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya enzyme.

Lactose mumalonda azakudya

Makampani amakono azakudya adaphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito lactose osati popanga mkaka. Zakudya zamtunduwu zimapezeka mu glaze, zimasewera gawo la wojambula mu zinthu zophika buledi, ndipo zimapezeka mumaphika, zikondamoyo ndi mbewu monga chimanga. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha chakudya, ndipo popeza alibe kukoma kutchulidwa, amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu ambiri a chakudya. Izi zimatha kupezeka muzizungu kapena zamzitini, chifukwa zimathandizira kuti khungu lisawonongeke. Lactose imapezeka m'masupu owuma, ufa wa wholemeal ndi zakudya zina zambiri.

Ntchito zina

Masiku ano, lactose sagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati akugulitsa zakudya. Kuphatikiza pakukonzekera zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza ana ndi mkaka wa m'mawere, akatswiri opanga mankhwalawa amagwiritsa ntchito lactose pantchito yawo. Komanso, saccharide iyi imakhala ngati mavitamini odyetsa, komanso mu micobiology ngati sing'anga pakukulitsa mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana ndi maselo.

Lactose ndi m'modzi mwa oimira banja lalikulu la opatsa zakudya; mankhwalawa ndi othandiza kwambiri kwa ana ndi akulu omwe.

Ndipo kunena kuti disaccharide iyi imavulaza anthu, pokhapokha chifukwa mwa anthu ena obadwa nawo omwe amalolera kuchita zinthu, osalondola. Hypolactasia ndimatenda chabe omwe samatha mwanjira iliyonse lactose yake yopindulitsa. Ngakhale, komabe, mukudziwa kale za izi.

Kuzindikira kwa tsankho ndi chithandizo

Ngati munthu wadwala matenda a dyspeptic atamwa mkaka kapena kuchokera ku mkaka, ayenera kuwunika ngati ali ndi vuto lactose.

Kuti izi zitheke, njira zodziwira matenda ena zimachitika.

Matumbo amtundu wa biopsy. Ndi njira yolondola kwambiri yofufuzira. Chomwe chimapezeke potenga zitsanzo za mucosa wamatumbo ang'ono. Nthawi zambiri, amakhala ndi enzyme yapadera - lactase. Ndi ntchito yochepetsedwa ya enzyme, kuzindikira koyenera kumapangidwa.Biopsy imagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa opaleshoni yambiri, motero njira imeneyi sagwiritsidwa ntchito paubwana.

Kuyesa kwa hydrogen. Phunziro lodziwika kwambiri mwa ana. Choyamba, wodwalayo amapatsidwa lactose, kenako amatulutsa mpweya mu kachipangizo kenakake kamene kamayang'ana kuchuluka kwa haidrojeni.

Kugwiritsa ntchito lactose molunjika. Njirayi singaganizidwe kuti ndi yophunzitsa. M'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu, wodwalayo amatenga magazi. Pambuyo pake, amamwa lactose ndikupereka magazi kangapo mkati mwa mphindi 60. Kutengera ndi zotsatira zomwe zapezedwa, kupindika kwa lactose ndi glucose. Ngati kupindika kwa lactose kumakhala kotsika kuposa kupindika kwa shuga, ndiye kuti titha kulankhula za tsankho la lactose.

Kusanthula ndowe. Chodziwika kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo cholakwika chodziwika bwino pakati pa ana. Amakhulupirira kuti muyezo wa mulingo wazakudya zam'madzi mu ndowe ziyenera kukhala ndi ziwonetsero izi: 1% (mpaka mwezi 1), 0.8% (miyezi 1-2), 0.6% (miyezi 2-4), 0.45% (Miyezi isanu ndi umodzi) ndi 0,25% (wopitilira miyezi 6). Ngati tsankho lactose limatsatiridwa ndi kapamba, steatorrhea kumachitika.

Cop program. Phunziroli limathandizira kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe a matumbo komanso kuchuluka kwa mafuta acids. Intolerance imatsimikiziridwa ndi acidity yowonjezereka komanso kuchepa kwa acid-base usawa kuchokera ku 5.5 mpaka 4.0.

Potsimikizira kuti ali ndi vutoli, wodwalayo amayenera kupatula zakudya zamkaka ku menyu. Chithandizo cha tsankho lactose chimaphatikizapo kumwa mapiritsi otsatirawa:

Iliyonse ya ndalamazi imakhala ndi enzyme yapadera, lactase. Mtengo wa mankhwalawa umatha kusiyanasiyana. Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane za mankhwalawo kumawonetsedwa patsamba lolemba.

Kwa ana akhanda, Lactazabebi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyimitsa. Zotsatira za mankhwalawa zimafanana ndi insulin mu matenda ashuga kapena Mezim mwa odwala omwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu. Kuunika kwa amayi ambiri kumawonetsa kugwira ntchito ndi chitetezo cha mankhwalawa.

Zambiri pa lactose zimaperekedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.

Ubwino wa lactose kwa thupi

Katundu wamkulu wa lactose ndikuti ndi gawo laling'ono la kubereka ndi kukula kwa bifidobacteria ndi lactobacilli, omwe amapanga maziko abwinobwino am'mimba. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuchiza ndi kupewa ma dysbacterioses osiyanasiyana. Lactose ndi gwero lamphamvu mthupi, cholimbikitsa champhamvu m'manjenje. Amakhudza kukula kwa chapakati mantha dongosolo mu ana, matenda a calcium kagayidwe, kumathandizira mayamwidwe kashiamu, ndipo amasunga moyenera matumbo microflora. Lactose amatanthauza njira yoteteza matenda a mtima, kukonza njira yopanga mavitamini a gulu B ndi vitamini C, ndi gawo lofunikira pakuphatikizika kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapatsa mphamvu ya kumaso.

Kodi tsankho lactose ndi chiyani?

Lactose imatha kuvulaza ngati thupi lilibe mphamvu yakuyamwa. Vutoli limawoneka ngati lactase enzyme yoperewera imatchedwa "lactose inlerance" (hypolactasia). Poterepa, chakudya ichi chimakhala chowopsa mthupi. Hypolactasia ikhoza kukhala yoyamba komanso yachiwiri - yotenga. Kusalolera koyambirira nthawi zambiri kumakhala kubadwa kwa majini. Wolekerera zimawonekera chifukwa cha zinthu izi:

Lactose tsankho limawonetsedwa ndi kupweteka kwam'mimba, limodzi ndi kumatulutsa, nthawi zina, kuyatsidwa kwamphamvu kumabweretsa kutsekeka kosagoneka kwa mpweya wokumba m'mimba. Mumakhala mseru, mukugundika m'matumbo, kutsekula m'mimba komwe kumawonekera ola limodzi ndikatha kudya zamkaka kapena chakudya chomwe chili ndi mkaka. Osasokoneza lactose tsankho ndi ziwengo kwa mkaka. Pankhani ya chifuwa, mankhwalawa sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito konse, apo ayi munthu amakhala ndi zizindikiro: kuyabwa, zotupa za pakhungu, kutuluka kwamphuno kuchokera pamphuno, kufupika kwa mpweya, kutupira ndi kutupa kwa matope.

Ndi hypolactasia, Zizindikiro zimatengera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amakhala mkaka omwe alowa m'matumbo. Ndi lactose ochepa, thupi limatha kuthyola, pomwe zingachitike kuti zizindikiro za kulolera zizichitika. Ngati munthu ali ndi vuto la hypolactasia, musamachotsere mkaka ndi mkaka wonse kuchokera ku chakudya. Mulingo wotetezeka wapakati wa lactose ndi 4.5 g patsiku, kuchuluka kwake kumakhala mkaka 100 ml, 50 g ya ayisikilimu kapena yogurt. Kwa anthu omwe sangathe kulekerera shuga wamkaka konse, madokotala amapereka mankhwala a calcium kuphatikizapo lactase.

Lactase kapena lactose?

Lactose ndi lactase ali ofanana msomali wa msomali ndi kupukutira kwa msomali. Popanda enzyme lactase m'matumbo, palibe kusweka kwa mkaka shuga lactose. Lactase imapangidwa ndi microflora yachilengedwe yamatumbo ang'ono: non-pathogenic E. coli, lactobacillus ndi bifidobacteria.

Kodi lactose imakhala ndi chiyani?

• gwero lamphamvu
• normalization kagayidwe kachakudya mu thupi,
• amathandizira microflora yamatumbo oyenera, yolimbikitsa kukula kwa lactobacilli, kupewa njira zoperewera m'matumbo,
• zolimbikitsa zamphamvu zamanjenje,
• mtima matenda kupewa chida.

Hypolactasia - lactose tsankho

Ndi kuchepa kwa lactase komwe lactose tsankho imayamba. Mwanjira imeneyi, imakhala yowopsa kwa thupi lomwe likuvutika ndi vuto lotchedwa lactase akusowa (hypolactasia, lactose malabsorption).

Ichi ndi chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino cha matenda. M'mayiko a ku Europe, mpaka 20% ya anthu sakhala ndi lactase yokwanira m'thupi kuti athe kuyamwa mokwanira lactose wopezeka mkaka ndi mkaka. Azungu ali ndi "mwayi": kuchepa kwa lactase ndi vuto pafupifupi 100% yaku Asia. Anthu okhala ku Asia, makamaka Southeast, Africa ndi South America, patatha zaka zitatu, pafupifupi adalephera kudzichitira okha mkaka wopanda mkaka wazakudya za poyizoni.

Lactose tsankho ikhoza kukhala yoyamba (kubereka kwa iyo) ndi yachiwiri - yotenga. Poyamba, ili ndi matenda obadwa nawo monga chibadwa.

Zotsatirazi zimakhudza kupezeka kwa kuvomerezeka kwa lactose:

• chimfine chomaliza
• matumbo ndikuchita opaleshoni yam'mimba,
• matenda aliwonse otupa a m'matumbo aang'ono (mwachitsanzo, gastroenteritis),
• dysbiosis,
• Matenda a Crohn
• Matenda a Whipple
• matenda a celiac
• chemotherapy
• zilonda zam'mimba.

Zizindikiro za lactose tsankho

About hypolactasia ingasonyeze:

• kupweteka m'mimba ndi m'mimba, limodzi ndi kutuluka kwa maluwa,
• kusilira nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa bata (kusalamulika kwa mpweya wamagaya),
• kutsegula m'mimba kuwononga ola limodzi mpaka awiri kuchokera pakudya mkaka, kapena kudya zakudya zilizonse mkaka,
• nseru
• akunjenjemera m'matumbo.

Mkaka ziwengo si hypolactic

Lactose tsankho nthawi zambiri amasokonezedwa ndi ziwengo kuti mkaka. Awa ndi madera osiyanasiyana. Ngati simungathe kumwa mkaka konse ndi chifuwa, ndiye kuti ndi hypolactasia chinthu chonsecho ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhala mkaka zomwe zalowa m'matumbo. Ndi mavitamini ang'onoang'ono amkaka kapena mkaka (voliyumu iyi imangokhala payokha), thupi limatha kupirira ntchito yogawa lactose mothandizidwa ndi lactase yaying'ono yopangidwa ndi iyo. Zizindikiro za lactose tsankho muzochitika zoterezi zitha kusakhalapo.

Ndi chifuwa, ngakhale mkaka wochepa umayambitsa zizindikiro zokhala ndi ziwengo:

• zotupa pakhungu,
• kuyabwa
• kupuma pang'ono, pakhosi,
• Kutulutsa kwamphuno kuchokera pamphuno,
• kutupa ndi kufupika kwa eyelone.

Ndi tsankho la lactose, munthu sayenera kupatula mkaka ndi mkaka muzakudya. Ndipo ngakhale m'magulu sizoyenera kuchita izi, chifukwa mabakiteriya opindulitsa omwe amakhala ndi lactose amakhala m'matumbo. Ngati sakalandira chakudya, ndiye kuti aliyense adzafa ndi njala, nadzapereka mwayi wokhala ndi mabakiteriya omwe amathandizanso, zomwe zimathandizanso kupanga mpweya. Kuphatikiza apo, mudzawononga thupi la calcium, ngakhale mutalandira kuchokera pazinthu zopanda mkaka: popanda lactose, matumbo samamwa calcium.

Chifukwa chosalekerera shuga mkaka, madokotala amalimbikitsa kutenga calcium limodzi ndi lactase.

Mulingo wotetezeka wapakati wa lactose patsiku ndi kuperewera kwake m'thupi ndi pafupifupi 4.5 g. Lactose iyi imapezedwa mkaka 100, 50 g ya ayisikilimu kapena 50 g yogurt.

Lactose mkaka waulere

Makamaka kwa anthu omwe akudwala lactose tsankho, pali mkaka wopanda lactose. Asayansi aphunzira kuthandiza thupi ndi kukopeka. Mu mkaka wopanda lactose, shuga ya mkaka imaphatikizidwa kale ndipo imapangidwa ndi mtundu wa glucose ndi galactose, momwe lactose imagwera m'matumbo kuti mutha kuyamwa popanda mavuto.

Kodi m'malo mkaka?

Ndi tsankho la lactose, muyenera kuyang'anira chidwi zamafuta a mkaka okhala ndi lactose, osayambitsa zowawa komanso zosasangalatsa mukatha kudya:

• yogati yopanda pasiti,
• tchizi zolimba.

Cocoa mumkaka wa chokoleti umalimbikitsa lactase, ndipo mkaka ndizosavuta kugaya.

Imwani mkaka mukudya, kuphatikiza ndi zinthu monga chimanga.

Chepetsa kuchuluka kwa mkaka womwe mumamwa nthawi imodzi mpaka 100 ml.

Mkaka wambiri sutanthauza mkaka wopanda lactose. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mkaka mulibe mafuta, osati lactose konse.

Kodi kwina komwe lactose kulipo?

Zakudya zambiri zopanda mkaka zomwe zimakhala ndi lactose. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sweetener kapena ali m'gulu la zinthu zotsatirazi:

• buledi
• zakudya za matenda ashuga
• confectionery: chokoleti chakuda, maswiti, masikono, mafuta, makeke, makeke,
• wokometsedwa mkaka
• margarine
• mafuta apadera a khofi, onse ufa ndi madzi,
• tchipisi.

Ngakhale lactose siliwonetsedwa pa cholembedwacho, dziwani kuti zinthu zilizonse zokhala ndi Whey, tchizi kapena tchizi wamkaka, zilinso ndi lactose pazomwe zimapangidwira.

Lactose sakhalapo mu zinthu mkaka ndi mkaka wokha. Ndi gawo la mankhwala ena, kuphatikizapo omwe amathandizidwa kuti aperekedwe ndimatumbo

• Palibe-shpa
• "Bifidumbacterin" (ma sachet, ndiye kuti, ma sachet),
• Lopedium
• Motilium
• Gastal
• "Tserukal"
• Kutha
• mapiritsi olembera.

Ngati mukuvutika ndi tsankho lactose, werengani mosamala kapangidwe kamankhwala omwe mumamwa, popeza mndandanda wathunthu wa mankhwala omwe ali ndi lactose ndiwotalikirapo.

Makhalidwe a Lactose

Lactose ndi mankhwala achilengedwe omwe amakhala m'gulu lama carbohydrate saccharides. Katunduyu amapezeka muzinthu zonse za mkaka, chifukwa chake anthu amazitcha "shuga mkaka" ochulukirapo. Ngakhale kuti kupezeka kwa lactose kudadziwika zaka zingapo zapitazo, asayansi adachita chidwi ndi momwe zimakhudzira thanzi la munthu. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka munthawi yodyetsa ana akhanda, omwe nthawi zina amapezeka kuti amatsutsana nawo.

Lactose, mutalowa m'thupi, simalumikizidwa, koma imawonongeka mkati mwake - glucose ndi galactose. Izi zimachitika motsogozedwa ndi puloteni yapadera, lactase. Mankhwalawa, apadera muzinthu zake, amapezeka ochulukirapo ngakhale mu ma amondi, ma turnips ndi kabichi. Pulogalamu yamankhwala ili ndi zambiri zothandiza, chifukwa omwe opanga zakudya akuwonjezeranso pazinthu zawo.

Phindu la lactose

Masiku ano, lactose imatha kupezeka mu zakudya zamkaka zokha. Nthawi zambiri imakhala gawo la nougat, kusakaniza mkaka wouma, chokoleti, ayisikilimu, mafuta, semolina, kirimu, koko, katundu wophika, yoghurts ndi tchizi. Kutchuka kotereku kumachitika chifukwa cha mndandanda wazinthu zofunikira zake:

• Ndi gwero labwino kwambiri lamphamvu ndipo imapereka malingaliro ku zinthu zonse.

Malangizo: Othandizira njira zina zamakono zopatsa thanzi amalimbikitsa kuti atisiye mkaka wonse ndikusintha ndi masamba. Nthawi zina, izi zimakhudza thanzi la munthu. Koma nthawi zina pamakhala kusintha komwe kumabweretsa zotsatirapo zoyipa. Mukamasankha zokonda mafashoni, muyenera kumvera momwe thupi lanu limvera.

• Lactose ndi chakudya choyenera cha lactobacilli chopindulitsa chomwe chimakhala m'matumbo. Kugwiritsa ntchito mkaka ndi zinthu zina zonse kubwezeretsa kapena kukonza microflora yovuta.
• Shuga wa mkaka amakhudzanso mphamvu yamanjenje. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti anthuwa amagwiritsa ntchito njira yabwino kwambiri kuti asangalatse - kapu imodzi ya mkaka wofunda pang'ono. Ndipo ngati mumamwa chakumwa chamkati musanagone, kupumula kokwanira komanso kotsimikizika kumatsimikiziridwa.
• Kupanga kwa mankhwala ndi mphamvu ya lactose kumayambitsa kupewetsa kwamatenda a mtima.
• Chinthu china chimathandizira kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, kumawonjezera kukana kwa thupi pazotsatira zoyipa za zinthu zakunja.
• Tisaiwale kuti lactose ndiyofunikira pakulimbitsa kagayidwe ka calcium. Zimathandizanso kuti mayamwidwe wamba ndi matumbo a mavitamini a magulu B ndi C.

Mwambiri, malinga ndi akatswiri, lactose ndi chinthu chofunikira komanso chofunikira kwa thupi kuchokera kumbali zonse. Zowopsa zomwe zingapange mankhwala ophatikizira mankhwala zimadziwika pokhapokha ngati sizigwirizana. Mwamwayi, ku Europe mawonekedwe oterewa amachitika kawirikawiri.

Kuvulaza kwa lactose ndi tsankho lake

Mwa anthu ena, thupi limakhala ndi kuchepa kwa enzyme ya lactase, yomwe imayenera kugwetsa lactose kukhala zigawo zina. Nthawi zina zimapangidwa mulingo woyenera, koma zimangokhala zopanda ntchito. Ngati zinthu zomwe zikupezeka mu shuga la mkaka sizitengeka ndi thupi monga zikufunikira, izi zimatha kuyambitsa mavuto:

1. Lactose amadziunjikira m'matumbo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi asungidwe. Potengera maziko awa, kutsegula m'mimba, kusilira, kukhathamiritsa komanso kupanga mpweya wosagwirizana kumatha kuchitika.
2. Masewera omwe lactose amatha kulowa mwachangu ndi mucosa ya m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono, zinthu zowola zimayamba kutuluka. Mwanjira, awa ndi poizoni omwe angayambitse poyizoni wa thupi. Zotsatira zake, munthu amayamba kuwonetsa zizindikilo zomwe zimafanana ndi zosowa zakudya.
3. Shuga wamkaka, yemwe sanatengeredwe ndi matumbo, amakhala chofunikira pakufalitsa mabakiteriya okhala ndi tizilombo. Njira zoyipa izi zingakhudze thanzi lathu.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuperewera kwa lactase m'malo ambiri ndizochulukitsa zamatenda ndipo zimadziwikiratu muubwana. Koma nthawi zina, kapangidwe ka thupi kameneka kamachepera ndi zaka. Pankhaniyi, kuwunika kwakupezeka komwe kumapangidwa.

Anthu ena amakhulupirira kuti lactose tsankho ndi mkaka ziwengo ndi mayina osiyanasiyana pa matenda omwewo. M'malo mwake, awa ndi mikhalidwe yosiyana, iliyonse yomwe imafuna chithandizo chapadera ndipo imatha kutsogola kukulitsa zotsatira zosasangalatsa zosiyanasiyana. Ngati munthu amene ali ndi vuto lactose wosamwa akumwa mkaka, ndiye kuti akhoza kukhala ndi poizoni wopepuka.Ndi mankhwala osakanikirana ndi zakumwa, zonse zikhala zoipitsitsa, ngakhale kuthekera kowopsa sikungaperekedwe.

Simufunikanso kusiya zakudya zomwe mumakonda mpaka kupezedwa koyenera. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika ndi katswiri, pambuyo pa kusanthula kozama ndi maphunziro. Kutengera zotsatira za mayeso, zakudya zapadera zitha kuperekedwa kwa wodwala, kapangidwe kake komwe kamatengera kukula kwa kupanga kwa thupi lomwe mukufuna.

Kugwiritsa ntchito lactose mu zakudya

Masiku ano, ndi anthu ochepa okha amene amayang'anira kuchuluka kwa mkaka ndi mkaka zomwe amadya patsiku. Othandizira azaumoyo amalimbikitsa kulabadira pamenepa ngati mukufuna kuchotsa mikhalidwe yosasangalatsa komanso kukonza moyo wabwino. Malinga ndi akatswiri, chizolowezi cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha lactose ndi mkaka wa ana ndi akulu chikuwoneka motere:

• Ana ayenera kumwa pafupifupi magalasi awiri amkaka patsiku kapena asinthanenso ndi mkaka womwewo.
• Kwa akulu, chizindikiro choyamba chikuyenera kuwonjezeka maulendo awiri, ndipo chachiwiri ndi theka.
• Mulingo watsiku ndi tsiku wa lactose ndi 1/3 ya tsiku lililonse la glucose. Ngati zosowa zokhudzana ndi msinkhu wa shuga ndi 150 g, ndiye kuti mu lactose - 50 g.

Zowonadi, kuwerengetsa zizindikiro zonsezi sikophweka, ndipo kuyang'anira kutsatira dongosolo kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Kuchita kumawonetsa kuti kuchuluka ndi kuchepa kwa lactose m'thupi zitha kutsimikizika mosavuta ndi izi:

1. Kusayanjanitsika, ulesi, kusakhazikika maganizo, kulephera pakugwira ntchito yamanjenje kumaonetsa kusowa kwa chinthu.
2. Kuchuluka kwa lactose kumawonetsedwa ngati chimbudzi kapena kudzimbidwa, kutsegula m'mimba, kutulutsa magazi, chifuwa, ndi zizindikiro za poyizoni.

Amayi ndi abambo amakono akuyamba kusintha zakudya zomwe zili ndi lactose. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsa thupi, kuchotsa mapaundi owonjezera ndikulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Zinthu zamkaka zokhala ndi michere, michere, mapuloteni ndi mafuta zimakwaniritsa njala. Ndizachilendo kuti lactose sikulimbikitsa kutulutsa kwa insulin m'magazi, chifukwa chake singayambitse kulemera. Njira yake imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwambiri ngati mtundu wa zakudya, ndiye kuti imapereka zotsatira mwachangu komanso zowonekeratu.

Ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti zinthu zamkaka zamkaka, momwe mulibe lactose, sizitha kupereka zofanana. Mwa iwo, shuga mkaka amaloledwa ndi shuga wokhazikika, yemwe amachititsa kuti aziwonjezeka.

Zomwe zimasankha pazogulitsa lactose

Mukamalemba zakudya zamagetsi a lactose, muyenera kukumbukira izi:

1. Sikufunika kukana mkaka, ingogulani analogue yosinthidwa, yomwe mulibe shuga mkaka. Chochita, mosiyana ndi zomwe ambiri amakhulupirira, ndizopanda vuto kwa akuluakulu ndi ana. Kuphatikiza apo, ilinso ndi zinthu zina zofunika mthupi.
2. Osataya tchizi wamba. Amalekeredwa bwino ndi thupi komanso kuchepa kwa lactase. Koma pankhani ya tchizi zofewa ndi tchizi chokoleti muyenera kuyang'ana zinthu zapadera.
3. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti wonenepa wopangidwayo, ndiwofunikira kwambiri Koma, utacha, ndiye kuti mkaka wochepa mkaka umakhalamo.
4. Ngati mungafune, lero mutha kupeza zonona, yogati ndi zinthu zina mkaka popanda lactose. Kulawa, iwo siosiyana ndi anzawo achikhalidwe, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chodzikana nokha zakudya zomwe mumakonda.

Ngati muphunzira mosamala za lactose, zimawonekeratu kuti ndikofunikira kuti thupi lizikula nthawi iliyonse. Musaganize kuti mkaka uyenera kuledzera ubwana, pakapangidwe mafupa ndi mano. Kwa akulu, sikofunikanso kuti mulimbikitse kuchititsa ubongo ndi kulimbitsa mphamvu. Mukakalamba, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zawonongeka, koma osazisiyiratu ngati palibe chomwe chingachitike.