Muyezo wa cholesterol yamagazi mwa akazi ndi abambo

Cholesterol ndi gawo limodzi la thupi lathu. Kapangidwe kazinthu kameneka kamapezeka m'misempha ndi ziwalo zonse za munthu. Popanda izi, ndizosatheka kukhala wathanzi. Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'mwazi ndi chisonyezo cha lipid metabolism. Kupatuka kuzikhalidwe kumakhudzana ndi zoopsa zomwe zingayambitse matenda osiyanasiyana owopsa, monga atherosulinosis, kugunda kwa mtima, sitiroko, etc.

Zabodza za Cholesterol ndi Chowonadi

Kodi cholesterol ndi chiyani? Ambiri aife, tamva mawu akuti cholesterol, tili ndi chidaliro chonse kuti zinthuzi ndi zovulaza, ndipo zimangobweretsa mavuto. Timayesetsa kuthana ndi cholesterol, amabwera zakudya zosiyanasiyana, timakana zakudya zambiri ndikukhala ndi chidaliro chakuti "muck" uyu mthupi lathu kulibe, ndipo tili ndi mafuta a cholesterol abwinobwino.

Komabe, zonsezi ndi zolakwika kwathunthu. Ndi chakudya, 20-30% yokha ya cholesterol imalowa m'thupi la munthu. Zina zimapangidwa ndi chiwindi. Cholesterol imagwira nawo mbali zonse za thupi, ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri pakupanga mahomoni ogonana. Komabe, si cholesterol yonse yomwe ili yopindulitsa. Katundu wabwino amatchedwa alpha cholesterol. Ichi ndi pawiri chomwe chimakhala chachulukidwe kwambiri ndipo sichingakhazikike pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi.

Cholesterol chovulaza chimakhala ndi kachulukidwe kochepa. Amayenda m'magazi molumikizana ndi lipoproteins yotsika. Ndi zinthu izi zomwe zimatha kuvindikira, ndikuvulaza thanzi la munthu. Pamodzi, ma cholesterol awiriwa amapanga kuchuluka kwathunthu, koma pozindikira matenda kapena kuwunika kuwopsa kwa ma pathologies, madokotala amayenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi a chilichonse cha zinthu mosiyana.

Kodi cholesterol yoyipa imachokera kuti?

Si anthu ambiri amene amadziwa kuti cholesterol iyenso siyowopsa m'thupi lathu. Ma lipoproteins otsika kwambiri amachititsa kukhala kowopsa. Awa ndi mamolekyulu omwe ndi okulirapo komanso owoneka bwino. Iwo, onyamula cholesterol, amatha kukhathamiritsa mosavuta ndikutsatira makoma amitsempha yamagazi. Kuchulukitsa kwa maselowa kumachitika mthupi chifukwa cha matenda a lipid metabolism. Kuphatikiza apo, mkhalidwe wamitsempha yamagazi umakhudza mawonekedwe a cholesterol plaques.

Ngati makoma azombo sawoterera kapena kuwonongeka, ndiye kuti cholesterol yowopsa imadziunjikira.

Chifukwa chake, titha kunena kuti zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa kukwera kwa cholesterol yoyipa ndi:

• Chakudya chopanda malire chomwe chimasokoneza kagayidwe ka lipid.
• Zizolowezi zoipa zomwe zimawononga mitsempha yamagazi.
• Kukhala moyo wongokhala kumene kumathandizira kufooketsa mphamvu ya mtima.

Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa kumakhudzidwanso ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi cholesterol yayikulu. Kuphatikiza apo, zakudya zamafuta kwambiri komanso zopanda mafuta m'thupi zimasokoneza thanzi. Ndizodyetsa izi zomwe zimapangitsa chiwindi kupanga mafuta owopsa. Pachifukwa ichi, zakudya zopatsa thanzi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi cholesterol yayikulu ziyenera kukhala zabwino komanso zopindulitsa, osati cholinga chothetsa mafuta, koma kulimbitsa mitsempha yamagazi ndikubwezeretsa metabolidi ya lipid.

Kodi cholesterol yachilendo ndiyotani pamunthu wathanzi? Funso ili silingayankhidwe mosasamala. Mukamaunika thanzi la wodwala, ndikofunikira kuganizira zaka zake, jenda, kulemera kwake, komanso momwe amakhalira. Masiku ano, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito tebulo lotsatirali lamagazi a cholesterol pamibadwo:

Mitundu ya cholesterol pofika zaka za bambo:

Msambo wa Cholesterol Wamkazi:

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti Zizindikirozi ndizongoyerekeza. Zomwe wodwala aliyense ayenera kuchita zimatsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala. Muyeneranso kukumbukira kuti mulingo wa cholesterol m'magazi ndikofunikira kuwunika nthawi zonse. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mayesowa ayenera kumwedwa kokha ndi kulemera kwambiri kapena kukalamba. Komabe, madokotala masiku ano akuti matenda amtundu wa mtima omwe amayamba chifukwa cha cholesterol yayikulu ayamba kudwala chaka chilichonse.

Pazifukwa izi, cholesterol yamagazi imayenera kuyang'aniridwa aliyense wamkulu kamodzi pachaka.

Akatswiri amakhalanso akulira pankhani yowonjezera mafuta m'thupi mwa ana. Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi komanso kukhala ndi moyo wamtunduwu kumapha ana athu. Vutoli limakulirakulira chifukwa cha chakudya chochuluka chotere chomwe ana amakonda kwambiri. Zotsatira zake pakudya tchipisi tambiri, ma hamburger, pizza ndi maswiti ena, mwana amalandila matenda oyamba a msana, omwe nthawi zambiri amachititsa kuti pakhale matenda owopsa. Mlingo wa cholesterol mwa ana amawerengeredwa payekhapayekha ndipo mayi aliyense amayenera kuwunika izi mwa mwana wake kuti azindikire nthawi yake.

Zotheka kupatuka ndi ma pathologies

Kodi cholesterol iyenera kukhala chiyani mu magazi? Zowona, kusanthula kwanu kuyenera kukhala mndandanda wazikhalidwe zabwino. Komabe, munthu aliyense payekha ndi wopatuka pang'ono nthawi zambiri safuna kuwongoleredwa. Ngati zikuwonetsa kuti munthu wapatuka kwambiri pamikhalidwe, ayenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kuti akhazikike. Ambiri aife tikudziwa kuti kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yokwanira kuopsa kwa thanzi, koma ambiri sazindikira kuti kuchuluka kwa chinthu ichi m'magazi kumadzetsanso ngozi. Zachilengedwe zinaonetsetsa kuti mthupi la munthu zinthu zonse zimakhala mumlingo winawake. Kupatuka kwina kulikonse kumakhala ndi zotsatirapo zosasangalatsa.

Kutsika

Kutsitsa magazi m'thupi kumakhala kowopsa makamaka kwa munthu wamkulu. Tonsefe timazolowera kumva upangiri wokha momwe tingachepetsera zinthuzi m'magazi, koma palibe amene amakumbukira kuti kuchepa kwambiri kwa cholesterol kungayambitsenso kukula kwa matenda owopsa.

Kukula kwa cholesterol ndikuwonetsa zaumoyo wa anthu, pamene balere itachepa, mwina kukula kwa izi:

• Zovuta zam'mutu.
• Kukhumudwa ndi mantha.
• Anatsika libido.
• Kusabereka
• Matendawa
• Hemorrhagic stroke.

Pachifukwa ichi, chisamaliro chapadera chimayenera kulipidwa ku kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi, chifukwa kuchepetsa kwake kumakhala kovutitsidwa nthawi zambiri ndi odwala okha omwe ali ndi zakudya zamtundu uliwonse komanso moyo wosayenera. Popanda cholesterol m'thupi, ziwiya zimasokonekera, mphamvu yamanjenje imachepa, mahomoni ogonana amasiya kupanga ndipo mkhalidwe wamafupa umakulirakulira.

Komanso, zifukwa zomwe cholesterol yamagazi imatsitsidwa ikhoza kukhala:

• Zakudya zopanda pake.
• Matenda a chiwindi.
• Kupsinjika kwambiri.
• Matumbo am'mimba.
• Matenda a chithokomiro.
• Zinthu zoyipa.
• Kumwa mankhwala ena ake.

Ngati muli ndi cholesterol yotsika magazi, muyenera kuganizira kaye zakudya zanu. Muyenera kuphatikiza mafuta ochulukirapo m'zakudya zanu. Ngati sichakudya, muyenera kuyang'ana chiwindi ndi matumbo. Ndi matenda amtundu wa chiwindi, thupi silingathe kupanga cholesterol yamkati, ndipo ndi matumbo, thupi silitenga mafuta kuchokera ku chakudya. Chithandizo chiyenera kukhala chofuna kuthetseratu matenda oyambitsawo ndikubweretsa zisonyezo pamlingo womwe cholesterol iyenera kukhala pamsinkhu wanu.

Mulingo wokwera

Ndizovomerezeka kuti kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol kumangotengera chakudya cha munthu, koma izi sizowona. Cholesterol yapamwamba imatha kuchitika pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, kupatuka kumeneku kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi izi:

• Zakudya zopanda pake.
• Kunenepa kwambiri.
• Moyo wamunthu.
• Zinthu zoyipa.
• Kumwa mankhwala ena ake.
• Matenda a shuga.
• Matenda a chiwindi.
• Matenda a chithokomiro.
• Matenda a impso.

Odwala ambiri ali ndi chidaliro kuti ngati ali ndi cholesterol yayikulu, izi zimadzetsa vuto la mtima kapena sitiroko. Komabe, munthu sayenera kuyiwala kuti pali ngozi zina zakupezeka ndi matenda amtima. Muyenera kukumbukiranso kuti matendawa amathanso kuchitika pomwe mfundo za cholesterol m'magazi ndizabwinobwino.

Inde, ndikuwonjezereka kwa cholesterol, zoopsa zimawonjezeka, koma ichi sichiri chifukwa chakukayikira komanso kukana kwathunthu mafuta a nyama.

Zomwe sizingachitike ngati cholesterol yathunthu ichuluka m'magazi a munthu:

1. Ndikosatheka kukana kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a nyama. Zakudya ziyenera kukhala zochepa-carb, osati konda. Mukakana zakudya zamafuta, chiwindi chimayamba kupanga mafuta ambiri.
2. Simungathe kufa ndi njala komanso kudya kwambiri usiku.
3. Simungathe kudya mbewu zonse, zili ndi chakudya chamagulu ambiri.
4. Simungadye zipatso zambiri - ndiye gwero lama chakudya.
5. Mutha kuchepa thupi kwambiri.

Ndi machitidwe awa omwe nthawi zambiri amatengedwa ndi anthu omwe apitilira cholesterol yovomerezeka. Komabe, pochita izi, amadzetsa kuvulaza kwambiri matupi awo, chifukwa mdani wamkulu si mafuta, koma chakudya!

Momwe mungachepetse cholesterol

Amakhulupirira kuti kudya mafuta ochepa kumatha kuchepetsa cholesterol mwa akulu ndi ana. Komabe, kafukufuku waposachedwa watsimikizira kuti kukana mafuta a nyama sikothandiza pakuchepetsa mafuta m'thupi. Choyimira sichimangokhala kuchepa, nthawi zina chimayamba kukula, chifukwa chiwindi chimayamba kupanga zinthu zomwe zikusowa. Zimatsimikizidwanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito margarine m'malo mwa batala kumayambitsa chiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a mtima.

Kuti muchepetse cholesterol moyenera, muyenera kutsatira malamulo otsatirawa:

• Muyenera kudziwa bwino kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi kwa inu. Chizindikiro ichi chikuyenera kukuwuzani dokotala.
• Zochita zolimbitsa thupi ndizofunikira. Zingati tsiku kuchita masewera ayenera kutsimikiza ndi dokotala. Nthawi zambiri makalasi ndi 30-60 mphindi tsiku lililonse.
• Lekani kudya mafuta ochulukitsa.
• Chepetsani kudya kwanu.
• Siyani zizolowezi zoyipa. Kwa iwo osasuta fodya kapena kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa, cholesterol imakhala yofala kwambiri.
• Idyani michere yambiri, yomwe imaloledwa ndi chakudya chamafuta ochepa.
• Onetsetsani kuti mumadya nsomba zam'madzi zamafuta. Cholesterol yabwino komanso chizolowezi chake zimatengera mafuta a omega 3 omwe amapezeka m'thupi.

Komanso kuchuluka kwa magazi a cholesterol, komwe kumadalira zaka, kumatha kusinthidwa ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Mtedza (kupatula mtedza, ma cashews).
• Nsomba zam'nyanja.
• Zonenepa.
• Avocado
• Mafuta a azitona.

Odwala ambiri masiku ano amasankha kutsitsa cholesterol mwa njira zina. Komabe, palibe njira imodzi yomwe aliyense angagwiritsire ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, ambiri a iwo ali ndi zovuta zoyipa. Sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda kuvomerezedwa ndi adokotala. Ngati zakudya zoyenera ndi masewera sizingathandize, mudzafunika kupatsidwa mankhwala mosamala dokotala.

Ambiri aife tamva kufunikira kotsitsa cholesterol, koma chilichonse chimayenera kukhala ndi lingaliro ndi malingaliro ake. Chachikulu muvutoli wonse ndikuti tili okonzeka kumwa mankhwala ndipo sitikufuna kukana zinthu zomwe zili zovulaza koma zomwe timazizolowera. Kumbukirani, kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi lokha, kudya mokwanira komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kungakuthandizeni kukhalabe maso komanso athanzi kwa zaka zambiri.

Kodi cholesterol ndi chiyani ndipo ndichifukwa chiyani chofunikira mthupi lathu?

Kodi munthu wamba, wamba wopanda maphunziro a zamankhwala anganene chiyani za cholesterol? Ndikofunika kufunsa aliyense, mutangowerengera zingapo, masitampu ndi malingaliro amatsata nthawi yomweyo. Cholesterol imatha kukhala yamitundu iwiri: "chabwino" ndi "yoyipa", cholesterol ndiyomwe imayambitsa matenda a atherossteosis, chifukwa amadziunjikira pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi ndikupanga zolembera. Pamenepa zovuta za kudziwa kwa munthu wamba zimatha.

Ndi iti mwa izi yomwe ili yoona, yomwe amangoganiza, ndipo sizinanenedwe?

Kodi cholesterol ndi chiyani?

Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa chomwe cholesterol ndi. Komabe, umbuli suletsa ambiri kuwona kuti ndi chinthu choyipa komanso chowopsa thanzi.

Cholesterol ndi mowa wamafuta. M'njira zachipatala zakunja ndi zakunja, dzina lina limagwiritsidwa ntchito - "cholesterol". Udindo wa cholesterol sungakhale wopitilira muyeso. Izi zili mgulu la nyama ndipo zimayang'anira mphamvuzo.

Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol komwe kumakhudzidwa ndikupanga ma erythrocyte cell membrane (pafupifupi 24%), ziwalo za chiwindi zimapanga 17%, ubongo (nkhani yoyera) - 15%, komanso imvi yaubongo - 5-7%.

Zopindulitsa katundu wa cholesterol

Cholesterol ndiyofunikira thupi lathu:

Cholesterol amatenga nawo mbali pakudya chimbudzi, chifukwa popanda iwo kupanga kupanga zamadzimadzi ndi timadziti ndi chiwindi sikungatheke.

Ntchito inanso yofunika ya cholesterol ndikutenga nawo gawo kapangidwe ka mahomoni ogonana amuna ndi akazi (testosterone, estrogen, progesterone). Kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'magazi (onse mmwamba ndi pansi) kungayambitse kuyipa kwa ntchito yobereka.

Chifukwa cha cholesterol, tiziwalo timene timatulutsidwa m'mimba timatha kupanga cortisol, ndipo vitamini D amapangidwa m'magulu a mafupa.

Kuchuluka kwazinthu zimapangidwa ndi thupi palokha (pafupifupi 75%) ndipo 20-25% yokha imachokera ku chakudya. Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi maphunziro, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kumatha kupatuka kumbali ina kapena ina, kutengera chakudya.

Cholesterol "choyipa" komanso "chabwino" - kusiyana kwake ndi chiyani?

Ndi kuzungulira kwatsopano kwa cholesterol hysteria m'ma 80-90s, adayamba kuyankhula kuchokera kumbali zonse za kuvuta kwapadera kwa mowa. Pali makanema apawailesi yakanema omwe amatsutsa, kafukufuku wokhudza mbiri yakale m'manyuzipepala komanso magazini, komanso malingaliro a madokotala ophunzira kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, njira yolowera chidziwitso idagunda munthu, ndikupanga chithunzi cholakwika. Amakhulupirira kuti kutsika kwa cholesterol m'magazi, ndibwino. Kodi izi zilidi choncho? Zotsatira zake, ayi.

Cholesterol imathandizanso kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa thupi lathunthu komanso machitidwe ake. Mowa wamafuta umagawidwa "moipa" komanso "wabwino." Uku ndikugawika mikhalidwe, popeza zenizeni cholesterol si "yabwino", siyingakhale "yoyipa". Ili ndi kapangidwe kamodzi kapangidwe kake. Zonse zimatengera mtundu wa mapuloteni omwe amalumikizana nawo. Ndiye kuti, cholesterol imakhala yoopsa pokhapokha, osati momasuka.

Cholesterol "Yoyipa" (kapena kachulukidwe kakang'ono) imatha kukhazikika pazitseko zamitsempha yamagazi ndikupanga zigawo zomwe zimakwirira kuwala kwa mtsempha wamagazi. Akaphatikizidwa ndi mapuloteni apoprotein, cholesterol imapanga LDL complexes.Chifukwa chowonjezereka kwa cholesterol m'mwazi, zoopsa zilipo.

Mwachidule, zovuta zama protein a LDL zimatha kuyimiridwa motere:

Cholesterol "chabwino" (choletsa kachulukidwe kolesterol kapena HDL) imasiyana ndi cholesterol yoyipa pakapangidwe ndi ntchito zake. Imatsuka makoma amitsempha yamagazi kuchokera ku cholesterol "yoyipa" ndikutumiza chovulaza ku chiwindi kuti chikonzedwe.

Mlingo wa cholesterol m'mwazi pofika zaka

C cholesterol chonse

Kupitilira 6.2 mmol / l

LDL cholesterol ("yoyipa")

Zothandiza kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a mtima.

Zothandiza kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda amtima

Kupitilira 4.9 mmol / l

HDL cholesterol ("yabwino")

Zochepera 1.0 mmol / l (kwa amuna)

Zosakwana 1.3 mmol / l (kwa azimayi)

1.0 - 1.3 mmol / L (kwa amuna)

1.3 - 1.5 mmol / L (kwa akazi)

1.6 mmol / L ndi kukwera

Pamwamba 5.6 mmol / L ndi pamwamba

Mitundu ya cholesterol yamagazi mwa akazi pofika zaka

4.48 - 7.25 mmol / L

2.49 - 5.34 mmol / l

0.85 - 2.38 mmol / L

Mwa akazi, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kumakhala kosasunthika ndipo kuli pafupifupi pamtengo wofanana mpaka kusintha kwa thupi, kenako ndikuwonjezeka.

Mukamasulira zotsatira za mayeso a labotale, ndikofunikira kuti musangoganizira za jenda ndi zaka zokha, komanso zinthu zingapo zowonjezera zomwe zingasinthe chithunzicho ndikumatsogolera dokotala wopanda nzeru kuti azindikira zolakwika:

Nyengo. Kutengera ndi nthawi ya chaka, kuchuluka kwa zinthuzo kumatha kuchepa kapena kuwonjezeka. Amadziwika kuti nthawi yozizira (kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira-yozizira), ndende imawonjezeka pafupifupi 2-4%. Kupatukira pamtengo uwu kumawonedwa ngati chizolowezi cha thupi.

Kuyamba kwa msambo. Mu theka loyamba lazungulira, kupatuka kumatha kufika pafupifupi 10%, amenenso ndi thupi. M'magawo amtsogolo azungulira, kuwonjezereka kwa cholesterol ya 6-8% kumawonedwa. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chachilendo cha kuphatikiza kwamafuta amthupi mwa mafuta.

Kutengera kwa mwana wosabadwayo. Mimba ndi chifukwa china chowonjezera chachikulu cha cholesterol chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa kaphatikizidwe kwamafuta. Kuwonjezeka kwabwinoko kumawerengedwa kuti ndi 12-15% mwazonse.

Matenda Matenda monga angina pectoris, ochepa matenda oopsa mu gawo la pachimake (epute episode), matenda opuma kwambiri nthawi zambiri amachititsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi la cholesterol. Zotsatira zake zitha kukhala kwa tsiku limodzi kapena mwezi umodzi kapena kupitilira apo. Kutsika kumawonedwa mkati mwa 13-15%.

Ma neoplasms oyipa. Thandizani kuchepa kwakukulu pamagulu azakumwa zamafuta. Njirayi itha kufotokozedwa ndikukula kwachangu kwa minyewa yam'magazi. Mapangidwe ake amafunikira zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo mowa wamafuta.

Cholesterol mwa akazi patatha zaka 60

Zaka 60-65 zakubadwa. Nthawi zonse cholesterol yokwanira ndi 4.43 - 7.85 mmol / L, LDL cholesterol ndi 2.59 - 5.80 mmol / L, HDL cholesterol ndi 0.98 - 2.38 mmol / L.

65-70 wazaka. Chikhalidwe cha cholesterol yathunthu ndi 4.20 - 7.38 mmol / L, LDL cholesterol - 2.38 - 5.72 mmol / L, HDL cholesterol - 0,91 - 2.48 mmol / L.

Pambuyo pa zaka 70. Muyezo wa cholesterol yathunthu ndi 4.48 - 7.25 mmol / L, LDL cholesterol - 2.49 - 5.34 mmol / L, HDL cholesterol - 0.85 - 2.38 mmol / L.

Mitundu ya cholesterol yamagazi mwa abambo

3,73 - 6.86 mmol / l

2.49 - 5.34 mmol / l

0.85 - 1.94 mmol / L

Chifukwa chake, malingaliro ena akhoza kufikiridwa. Popita nthawi, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi kumakwera pang'onopang'ono (mphamvu zimakhala ndi ubale wolunjika mwachindunji: zaka zowonjezereka, kukwera kwa cholesterol). Komabe, njirayi siyofanana ndi amuna kapena akazi anzawo. Mwa amuna, kuchuluka kwa mowa kumakwera mpaka zaka 50, kenako kumayamba kutsika.

Khalidweli

Mu 60-70s, ndimakhulupilira kuti zimayambitsa kuti cholesterol yayikulu m'magazi ndi chakudya chosayenera ndikugwiritsa ntchito zakudya "zoyipa". Pofika 90s, zidapezeka kuti kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi ndi "gawo lalikulu la madzi oundana" ndipo pali zinthu zingapo pambali pake. Chimodzi mwazomwe zimachitika ndi mtundu wa metabolism.

Kodi thupi la munthu limapanga bwanji zinthu mwachindunji? Zimatengera kucholo. Udindo umaseweredwa ndi mawonekedwe a kagayidwe ka abambo, ndi mawonekedwe a kagayidwe kamayi. Munthu "amalandira" ma seti awiri a chromosome. Pakadali pano, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mitundu yambiri ya 95 ndiyo yodziwitsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi.

Ndalamazo ndizowerengeka, makamaka poti zolakwika za mtundu wina kapena wina zimapezeka. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, anthu mazana asanu aliwonse padziko lapansi amanyamula mtundu umodzi kapena zingapo zowonongeka (mwa 95 zija) zomwe zimayambitsa zakumwa za mafuta. Kuphatikiza apo, masinthidwe opitilira chikwi amitundu iyi amadziwika. Ngakhale zitakhala kuti jini wabwinobwino amatengera kwa kholo limodzi ndi jini yowonongeka kwa mnzake, chiopsezo cha mavuto okhala ndi kolesterol yokhazikika chimakhalabe chambiri.

Izi ndichifukwa cha mtundu wamtundu wolakwika. Mu thupi, limakhala lodziwika, ndipo ndiamene amayang'anira njira ndi mawonekedwe a kukonzere mafuta a cholesterol.

Chifukwa chake, ngati kholo limodzi kapena onse ali ndi vuto la cholesterol, kuthekera kwa 25 mpaka 75% mwanayo adzalandira cholowa cha metabolism ndipo amakhalanso ndi mavuto mtsogolo. Komabe, izi sizimachitika nthawi zonse.

Chakudya, ngakhale sichofunikira pantchito ya cholesterol m'magazi, chimakhudzabe. Ndi chakudya, monga ananenera, osapitilira 25% ya mowa onse wamafuta amaperekedwa. Mtundu wa cholesterol womwe amalowamo unganenedwe kutengera ndi zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa limodzi komanso mawonekedwe a kagayidwe. Chochita chokha chokhala ndi cholesterol (dzira, shrimp), chodyedwa ndi zakudya zamafuta (mayonesi, soseji, etc.), mwanjira yapamwamba kwambiri chingayambitse kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ya LDL.

Zoterezi zingachitike ngati munthu watenga mtundu wopanda vuto. Pamaso pa jini (kapena majini osalongosoka), zotsatira zomwezi zimachitika ngakhale mutakhala munjira mulibe mafuta omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito. Cholinga chake ndikuti chiwindi sichilandira chizindikiro chochepetsera kupanga mafuta ake ake, ndipo chimapitilizabe kupanga mafuta acid. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la metabolism salimbikitsidwa kudya mazira oposa 4 pa sabata.

Kulemera kwambiri

Kutsutsana kwakukulu ndi funso la gawo la kulemera kopambanitsa pakukweza mafuta m'thupi. Sizikudziwika bwino kuti zimayambitsa chiyani, koma zotsatira zake ndi chiyani. Komabe, malinga ndi ziwerengero, pafupifupi 65% ya anthu onenepa kwambiri amakhala ndi vuto la kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe ali m'magazi, ndipo "zoipa" zake zosiyanasiyana.

Matenda a chithokomiro

Mphamvu ya kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito a chithokomiro komanso kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi ndizosiyanasiyana. Mitsempha ya chithokomiro ikangoleka kuthana ndi ntchito zake moyenera, kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwenso kumawonjezereka. Nthawi yomweyo, cholesterol ikakwezeka, ndipo chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chimagwira ntchito bwino, izi zitha kusintha. Choopsa ndichakuti kusintha kotereku pakugwira ntchito kwa chithokomiro sikupezeka konse, pomwe kusintha kwachilengedwe kumachitika kale.

Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe amakonda cholesterol yosakhazikika amayenera kusamala ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, kuyang'anitsitsa pafupipafupi, ndipo zikangoyamba kuonekeratu zizindikiro za hypothyroidism (kufooka, kugona komanso kufooka, ndi zina zambiri).

Mitundu ina ya mankhwala

Mankhwala ambiri opangidwa kuti athandizidwe ku matenda a mtima amatha kukhala ndi vuto linalake pakulimbikitsidwa kwa mafuta m'thupi. Chifukwa chake, beta-blockers (Verapamil, Diltiazem, etc.) pochulukitsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta acid. Mankhwala a Hormonal kuti athetse ziphuphu ndipo ena amayambanso zotsatira zomwezo.

Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zingayambike chifukwa cha mbiri ya wodwala wina, kumakhala kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi.

Kodi cholesterol ndiyomwe imayambitsa atherosulinosis?

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, hypothesis ya cholesterol monga yofunika kwambiri pakupanga atherosulinosis idapangidwa ndi N. Anichkov kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 (1912). Kuyeserera kopanda pake kunachitika kuti atsimikizire zonena zake.

Kwa nthawi yayitali, wasayansi anayambitsa njira yokhutiritsa komanso yokhazikika ya cholesterol mu ngalande yakudya ya akalulu. Chifukwa cha "chakudyacho", mowa wamafuta unayamba kukhoma pazitseko zamitsempha yamagazi ya nyama. Ndipo chifukwa chakusintha kudya kukhala kwazonse, zonse zidakhala zofanana. Chosokosera chatsimikiziridwa. Koma njira yotsimikizirayi sitha kutchedwa yopanda tanthauzo.

Chokhacho chomwe chimatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyesaku - kumwa mankhwala okhala ndi cholesterol ndizovulaza kwa herbivores. Komabe, anthu, monga nyama zina zambiri, si herbivores. Kuyesanso kofananako kwa agalu sikunatsimikizire kukhudzika.

Udzu wofunikira kwambiri pakufalikira kwa cholesterol hysteria idaseweredwa ndi zimphona zamankhwala. Ndipo ngakhale m'zaka za m'ma 90s chiphunzitsochi chadziwika kuti sichinali cholondola, ndipo sichinagawidwe ndi asayansi ambiri, zinali zopindulitsa pazobwereza zidziwitso zabodza kuti zitheke mamiliyoni a madola pazomwe zimatchedwa kuti ma statins (mankhwala ochepetsa magazi m'thupi).

Mu Disembala 2006, mu magazini yotchedwa Neurology, mtanda pa lingaliro la cholesterol kuchokera pachiyambidwe cha atherosulinosis lidatsitsidwa pansi. Kuyesaku kunakhazikitsidwa ndi gulu lolamulira la anthu okhala motalika osakwanitsa zaka 100 mpaka 105. Monga momwe zidakhalira, pafupifupi onse ali ndi cholesterol yoyipa kwambiri "m'magazi, koma palibe atherosclerosis yomwe idawonedwa.

Chifukwa chake, kulumikizana kwachindunji pakati pa chitukuko cha atherosulinosis ndi matenda ena amtima komanso kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi sikunatsimikizike. Ngati gawo la cholesterol pamakina lilipo, sizodziwikiratu ndipo ili ndi yachiwiri, ngati siyakutali kwambiri, yofunika.

Chifukwa chake, udindo wa cholesterol popanga matenda amtima wabwino sichinthu chongopindulitsa chabe komanso chongopeka zabodza!

Kanema: momwe mungachepetse cholesterol? Njira Zotsitsira Cholesterol Kunyumba

Maphunziro: Diploma ya Russian State Medical University yotchedwa N. I. Pirogov, wapadera "General Medicine" (2004). Residency ku Moscow State Medical-Dental University, diploma mu "Endocrinology" (2006).

Makhalidwe abwino omwe aliyense ayenera kukhala nawo

Cholesterol - kuvulaza kapena kupindula?

Chifukwa chake, cholesterol ilibe ntchito yofunikira mthupi. Komabe, kodi iwo amene amati cholesterol si yoyenera? Inde, ndichoncho, ndiye chifukwa chake.

Ma cholesterol onse amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri yayikulu - iyi mkulu osachulukitsa lipoprotein (HDL) kapena otchedwa alpha-cholesterol ndi otsika kachulukidwe lipoproteins (LDL). Mitundu yonse iwiri imakhala ndi magazi ake.

Cholesterol wa mtundu woyamba amatchedwa "wabwino", ndipo wachiwiri - "woipa." Kodi mawu ofananawo ndi otani? Ndi chakuti lipoproteins yotsika kwambiri imayikidwa pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi. Amachokera kwa iwo kuti mapangidwe atherosulinotic amapangidwa, omwe amatha kutseka lumen ya zotengera ndikupangitsa matenda oopsa a mtima monga matenda a mtima, kugunda kwa mtima ndi sitiroko. Komabe, izi zimachitika pokhapokha ngati cholesterol “yoyipa” ilipo kwambiri m'magazi ndipo chizolowezi chake chimaposa. Kuphatikiza apo, HDL ndiyo imachotsa LDL pazombo.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti kugawanika kwa cholesterol kukhala "koyipa" ndi "chabwino" ndikotsutsana. Ngakhale LDL ndiyofunikira kwambiri kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito, ndipo ngati muwachotsa, ndiye kuti sangakhale ndi moyo. Zangokhala zakuti kupyola muyezo wa LDL ndizowopsa kuposa kupitirira HDL. Chofunikanso ndichidutswa mongacholesterol yathunthu - kuchuluka kwa cholesterol komwe mitundu yake yonse imawerengedwa.

Kodi cholesterol imatha bwanji mthupi? Mosiyana ndi zomwe ambiri amakhulupirira, cholesterol yambiri imapangidwa m'chiwindi, ndipo salowa mthupi ndi chakudya. Ngati tilingalira za HDL, ndiye kuti mtundu wamtunduwu wa lipid umapangidwa pafupifupi m'chiwalochi. Ponena za LDL, ndizovuta kwambiri. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a cholesterol "yoyipa" imapangidwanso m'chiwindi, koma 20-25% imalowa m'thupi kuchokera kunja. Zikuwoneka ngati zazing'ono, koma kwenikweni, ngati munthu ali ndi cholesterol yoyipa yomwe ili pafupi ndi malire, ndipo kuwonjezera pamenepo zambiri zimabwera ndi chakudya, ndipo kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yabwino kumakhala kochepa, izi zitha kuyambitsa mavuto akulu.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti munthu adziwe cholesterol yomwe ali nayo, momwe ayenera kukhalira. Ndipo sikuti ndi cholesterol kwathunthu, HDL ndi LDL. Cholesterol ilinso ndi kachulukidwe kochepa kwambiri kopoproteins (VLDL) ndi triglycerides. Ma VLDL amapangidwa m'matumbo ndipo ali ndi udindo wonyamula mafuta ku chiwindi. Ndizotsatira zam'mbuyomu za LDL. Komabe, kupezeka kwa cholesterol yamtunduwu m'magazi sikungatheke.

Triglycerides ndi ma estor apamwamba mafuta acids ndi glycerol. Ndi amodzi mwa mafutawa omwe amapezeka mthupi, amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukula komanso kukhala gwero lamphamvu. Ngati chiwerengero chawo chikupezeka paliponse, ndiye kuti palibe chodandaula. China chake ndi kuchuluka kwawo. Pankhaniyi, ndizowopsa monga LDL. Kuwonjezeka kwa triglycerides m'magazi kumawonetsa kuti munthu amamwa mphamvu zambiri kuposa kuwotcha. Matendawa amatchedwa metabolic syndrome. Mwanjira imeneyi, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonjezeka, kukakamizidwa kumawuka ndipo madongosolo amafuta amawonekera.

Kutsitsa triglycerides kumatha kuphatikizidwa ndi matenda am'mapapo, hyperthyroidism, ndi kuchepa kwa vitamini C. VLDL ndi mtundu wa cholesterol womwe umafunikanso kwambiri. Ma lipids awa amatenganso gawo lina pakubisa kwamitsempha yamagazi, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti kuchuluka kwawo sikupitilira malire okhazikitsidwa.

Momwe mungayang'anire cholesterol

Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira nthawi zonse kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukayezetsa magazi a cholesterol. Nthawi zambiri njirayi imachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Maola 12 asanakonzedwe, simuyenera kudya chilichonse, ndipo mumangomwa madzi opanda kanthu. Ngati mankhwala atengedwa omwe amathandizira ku cholesterol, ndiye kuti iyeneranso kutayidwa panthawiyi. Muyeneranso kuonetsetsa kuti nthawi isanadutse mayeso sipakhala kupsinjika kwakuthupi kapena kwamaganizidwe.

Kusanthula kungatengedwe ku chipatala. Magazi okwanira 5 ml amatengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha. Palinso zida zapadera zomwe zimakulolani kuyeza cholesterol kunyumba. Amakhala ndi zingwe zoyeserera zotayika.

Ndi magulu ati omwe ali pachiwopsezo chomwe amayesa magazi a cholesterol makamaka? Anthu awa akuphatikiza:

• amuna zaka 40
• azimayi atasiya kusamba
• odwala matenda ashuga
• kukhala ndi vuto la mtima kapena stroke,
• onenepa kapena wonenepa kwambiri
• kumakhala moyo wongokhala.
• osuta.

Momwe mungachepetse cholesterol yamagazi?

Momwe mungachepetse cholesterol ya magazi anu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa sikupitilira zomwe zimachitika? Choyamba, muyenera kuyang'anira zakudya zanu. Ngakhale munthu atakhala ndi cholesterol yabwinobwino, sayenera kunyalanyaza zakudya zoyenera. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kudya zakudya zochepa zomwe zimakhala ndi cholesterol "yoyipa". Zakudya zofananira monga izi:

• mafuta a nyama
• mazira
• batala
• wowawasa zonona
• mafuta kanyumba tchizi
• tchizi
• caviar
• buledi wa batala
• mowa

Inde, zoletsa pazakudya ziyenera kukhala zomveka. Kupatula apo, mazira omwewo ndi mkaka zimakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri othandiza komanso kufufuza zinthu za thupi.Chifukwa chake pang'ono Apa mutha kuyambitsa zokonda zamitundu yochepa yamafuta, mwachitsanzo, malonda amkaka okhala ndi mafuta ochepa. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa masamba ndi zipatso zazakudya. Ndi bwinonso kupewa zakudya zokazinga. M'malo mwake, mungakonde zakudya zophika ndi zosanja.

Zakudya zoyenera ndizofunikira pakuthandizira kuti pakhale cholesterol yoyipa, koma sizikhala chokhacho. Zotsatira zoyipa za cholesterol sizikhala zolimbitsa thupi. Zapezeka kuti masewera olimbitsa thupi amawotcha cholesterol yabwino "yoyipa". Chifukwa chake, mutatha kudya zakudya zokhala ndi mafuta ambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Pankhaniyi, kuyenda kosavuta kungakhale kothandiza. Mwa njira, zolimbitsa thupi zimachepetsa cholesterol "yoyipa" chokha, pomwe kuikidwa kwa cholesterol "yabwino" kumawonjezeka.

Kuphatikiza pa njira zachilengedwe zochepetsera cholesterol - zakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi, dokotala amatha kukupatsani mankhwala apadera kuti muchepetse cholesterol - ma statins. Mfundo zawo zimakhazikika pakuletsa ma enzyme omwe amapanga cholesterol yoyipa ndikuwonjezera kupanga cholesterol yabwino. Komabe, ayenera kumwedwa mosamala, makamaka poti palibe zotsatira zoyipa zingapo komanso kubwanya.

Mankhwala ochepetsa kwambiri mafuta a cholesterol:

• Atorvastatin
• Simvastatin
• Lovostatin,
• Ezetemib
• Nicotinic acid

Gulu lina la mankhwala othandizira cholesterol ndi fibrin. Mfundo ya zochita zawo imakhazikitsidwa ndi kukhathamiritsa kwamafuta mwachindunji m'chiwindi. Komanso, kuti muchepetse cholesterol, mankhwala amaikidwa omwe amakhala ndi mafuta a polyunsaturated acids, mavitamini.

Komabe, mukamamwa mankhwala kuti muchepetse cholesterol yambiri, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti sizichotsa chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti mafuta azikhala a cholesterol - kunenepa kwambiri, moyo wokhazikika, zizolowezi, matenda ashuga, ndi zina zambiri.

Cholesterol wotsika

Nthawi zina zinthu zotsutsana zimatha kuchitika - kutsitsa cholesterol m'thupi. Izi sizili bwino. Kuperewera kwa cholesterol kumatanthawuza kuti thupi palibe poti lingatenge zinthu kuti lipange mahomoni ndikupanga maselo atsopano. Izi zimakhala zowopsa makamaka kumanjenje ndi ubongo, ndipo zimatha kubweretsa kukhumudwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa kukumbukira. Zinthu zotsatirazi zimatha kuyambitsa cholesterol yocheperako:

• kusala
• cachexia
• malabsorption syndrome,
• hyperthyroidism
• sepsis
• kuwotcha kwakukulu
• matenda oopsa a chiwindi
• sepsis
• chifuwa chachikulu
• mitundu ina ya magazi m'thupi,
• kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo (Mao inhibitors, interferon, estrogens).

Pofuna kuwonjezera cholesterol, zakudya zina zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito. Choyamba, ndi chiwindi, mazira, tchizi, caviar.

Kusankha kuyesa kwa magazi kwa cholesterol

Dziwani kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kumathandizira kuyezetsa magazi koyenera kotchedwa lipid mbiri. Imakonza chosonyeza osati cholesterol yathunthu (OH), komanso mitundu ina (kuphatikiza HDL, LDL ndi triglycerides).

Chiyeso cha cholesterol ndi millimol pa lita imodzi ya magazi (mmol? /? Liter).

Pazisonyezo zilizonse, mfundo ziwiri zimakhazikitsidwa - ochepa komanso okwanira.

Zizolowezi sizofanana ndipo kukula kwake kumatengera zaka komanso jenda.

Palibe chizindikiro chenicheni, chomwe chimayenera kukhala chofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa cholesterol. Komabe, pali malingaliro pazokhudza nthawi yomwe muyezo wake uyenera kukhala wopatsidwa moyo mwaumoyo. Zizindikirozi zimasiyanasiyana kwa amuna ndi akazi.

Kupita kupitirira nthawi imeneyi kumasonyezanso kupezeka kwa matenda. Pankhani ya kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, hypercholesterolemia imachitika. Kupezeka kwake kumawonetsa chiopsezo choyambirira cha atherosulinosis. Hypercholesterolemia imatha kuyambitsidwa ndi matenda obadwa nawo, koma nthawi zambiri imawoneka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zamafuta.

Zisonyezo za mulingo wa OX (pa mbiri ya lipid) zimawoneka zabwinobwino ngati zili mumtundu wa 3.11-5.0 mmol / lita.

Mulingo wa cholesterol "yoyipa" (LDL) pamwamba pa 4.91 mmol / lita ndi chizindikiro chotsimikizika cha atherosulinosis. Ndikofunikira kuti chizindikiro ichi sichidutsa nthawi kuchokera pa 4,11 mpaka 4,91 mmol / lita.

HDL yotsika imasonyezanso kuti thupi la munthu limakhudzidwa ndi atherosulinosis. Mlingo wa mamilimita osachepera limodzi pa lita imodzi yamagazi amaonedwa ngati wabwinobwino.

Triglycerides (TG) ndiyofunikanso. Ngati ndi apamwamba kuposa 2.29 mmol / lita, ndiye izi zitha kuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda osiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo:

• CHD (matenda a mtima)
• kapamba
• matenda ashuga
• hypothyroidism
• chiwindi ndi chiwindi matenda a chiwindi,
• matenda oopsa
• kunenepa
• gout.

Kuwonjezeka kwa TG kumachitikanso pamene kutenga pakati kumachitika, njira zakulera za pakamwa kapena mankhwala a mahomoni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Koma kuchepa kwa TG kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kudya kosakwanira, kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya impso, mavuto am'mapapo, komanso hyperthyroidism.

Malinga ndi mbiri ya lipid, coeffokwanira (index) ya atherogenicity (Ia) amawerengedwa. Ikuwonetsa kukwera kwakukulu kwa matenda a mtima ndi mtima. Amawerengeredwa ndi njira:

Kukula kokwanira pansi pazitatu kumatanthauza kuti kuchuluka kwa cholesterol "yabwino" m'magazi a munthu ndikokwanira kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha atherosulinosis.

Kufunikira kwa chizindikirocho pamitundu itatu kapena inayi (yokhala ndi malire apamwamba a 4.5) kumawonetsa chiopsezo chotenga matendawa kapenanso kukhalapo kwake.

Kupita kupitirira chizolowezi ndikuthekera kwambiri kumatanthauza kupezeka kwa matenda.

Kuti mupeze kusanthula, magazi a venous amayesedwa m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Chakudya chimayenera kuchitika osachepera maola asanu ndi limodzi mpaka asanu ndi atatu musanachitidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, zolimbitsa thupi ndi zakudya zamafuta zimatsutsana.

Mitundu ya cholesterol mwa amuna

Malamulo a cholesterol olamulidwa amasintha zaka zisanu zilizonse. Muubwana, chizindikiro chokhacho chokha chimayezedwa. Atafika zaka zisanu, cholesterol "chabwino" ndi "choyipa" chilichonse chimalembedwa. Malire a zinthu m'thupi amakula nthawi. Izi zimachitika kufikira zaka makumi asanu: ndiye kuti cholesterol yachepa.

Mitundu ya cholesterol yapakati ili motere:

• cholesterol yathunthu - kuyambira 3.61 mpaka 5.21 mmol / lita,
• LDL - kuyambira 2.250 mpaka 4.820 mmol / lita,
• HDL - kuchokera pa 0.71 mpaka 1.71.

Tebulo 1 lili ndi chidziwitso pamagawo azizindikiro mu nthawi yopindulitsa kwambiri m'moyo wamunthu: kuyambira khumi ndi zisanu mpaka makumi asanu.

Kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol kuyenera kukhala kowopsa kwambiri. Patsiku, kumwa kwake sikuyenera kupitirira magalamu mazana atatu. Pofuna kupitirira izi, muyenera kutsatira zakudya zotsatirazi:

• Idyani nyama yokonda, mafuta a mkaka (mafuta ochepa).
• M'malo batani ndi masamba.
• Osamadya zakudya yokazinga ndi zonunkhira.
• Idyani zipatso zambiri momwe mungathere. Makamaka, zipatso za malalanje ndizothandiza kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, zipatso za mphesa ndizothandiza kwambiri kutsitsa cholesterol. Ngati mumadya tsiku lililonse, ndiye kuti m'miyezi yochepa chiwerengerochi chitha kuchepetsedwa ndi pafupifupi asanu ndi atatu.
• Phatikizanipo nyemba ndi oatmeal muzakudya - zimathandizira pakuchotsa mafuta m'thupi.
• Siyani kusuta. Okonda utsi pang'onopang'ono amadziunjikira cholesterol "choyipa" m'thupi lawo ndiku squander "zabwino". Kusuta tsiku ndi tsiku kumawononga makhoma a mitsempha yamagazi yomwe zinthu zovulazi zimayamba kudziunjikira.
• Pewani zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndikuchepetsa kumwa khofi.

Mwambiri, ngati mumatsatira zakudya zoyenera komanso zopatsa thanzi, mutha kukwaniritsa kuchepa kwa cholesterol ndi 15 peresenti.

Mitundu ya cholesterol mwa akazi

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kumadalira jenda ndi zaka komanso kusintha kwa moyo wonse. Mkhalidwe waumoyo ndilofunikanso. Chikhalidwe cha akazi ndi chotsika kuposa chachimuna.

Mitengo ya cholesterol yapakati imawonetsedwa pagome 2.

Kuunika kumakhala ndi cholesterol yathunthu, yapamwamba ("yabwino") komanso yotsika ("yoyipa").

Ngati cholesterol yathunthu ndiyabwinobwino ndipo LDL imakwezedwa, kuchulukitsa kwa magazi kumachitika. Uwu ndi mwayi waukulu wamagazi womwe umapangika m'mitsempha yamagazi.

Chizindikiro cha cholesterol "choyipa" sayenera kupitirira 5.590 mmol / lita, apo ayi padzakhala chiwopsezo chamoyo. Pamene chizindikiritso chathunthu chikaposa 7.84 mmol / lita, ma pathologies amayamba kukula m'zigawo zamagazi.

Ndiosafunika kusiya "cholesterol" wabwino "pansipa. Kupatula apo, ndiye kuti thupi lidzamva kuchepa kwake ndipo padzakhala chiwopsezo cha kupangika kwa magazi m'zotengera.

Kagayidwe mu thupi achichepere kumachitika mwachangu, ndipo chifukwa chocheperako mzimayi, kuyandikira kwambiri kwawoko mafuta ake. Mpaka nthawi yayitali, magazi ochulukirapo sawunjikana, ndipo zakudya zamphamvu (kuphatikizapo mafuta ndi zakudya zazonunkhiritsa) ndizosavuta kugaya.

Komabe, cholesterol imadzuka ubwana, ngati pali matenda:

• matenda ashuga
• kulephera kwa chiwindi
• zolakwika za endocrine dongosolo.

Zisonyezo za cholesterol, zomwe zimawoneka ngati zabwinobwino, zimawonetsedwa pagome 3.

Magazi a cholesterol achikazi amawonjezeka pang'ono adawoloka zaka 30 zapitazo (tebulo 4).

Kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kuli kwakukulu mwa azimayi omwe safuna kusuta ndipo amatenga njira zolerera mwa mapiritsi. Pambuyo pa 30, zakudya zimakhala zoyenera. Zowonadi, chakhumi, njira za metabolic sizinachite mwachangu kwenikweni. Thupi limafunikira chakudya pang'ono komanso mafuta, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kukonza zakudya momwe zinthuzi zilipo. Zotsatira zake, zochulukirapo zimadziunjikira, zomwe zimakwiyitsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi. Izi, zimabweretsa kuwonongeka mtima.

Pambuyo 40 mwa akazi, ntchito yobereka imazirala, mahomoni ogonana (estrogens) amapangidwa pang'ono. Koma ndi omwe amateteza thupi la mzimayi ku kulumikizana komwe kungatheke.

Pambuyo pa makumi anayi ndi zisanu, kusamba kukuyandikira. Mlingo wa estrogen ukugwa mofulumira. Pali kuwonjezereka kwa cholesterol, chifukwa chomwe ndi mawonekedwe a thupi.

Monga amuna, azimayi ayenera kuyang'anira mwapadera zakudya zawo. Muyenera kudya mazira, mkaka, nyama. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kudya nsomba zam'madzi zambiri, kuphatikizapo mafuta. Masamba ndi zipatso ziyenera kukhala maziko azakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku. Adziyang'anize makamaka akhale azimayi omwe ali ndi vuto lopitilira muyeso, osunthira pang'ono osatha kukana ndudu.

Cholesterol patatha zaka 50 mwa amuna

Zowoneka popanda mayeso ofunikira kuti muwone kuwonjezereka kwa cholesterol ndikosatheka. Komabe, mwa abambo atakwanitsa zaka makumi asanu, zizindikiro za mawonekedwe zimatha kuwonekera, kuphatikizapo:

• angina pectoris, i.e. kuchepa kwamitsempha yama mtima,
• Maonekedwe a zotupa za pakhungu ndi mafuta mkati mwa pafupi ndi maso,
• kupweteka kwa mwendo ndi zolimbitsa thupi pang'ono.
• mikwingwirima mini
• kulephera kwa mtima, kupuma movutikira.

Pambuyo pa amuna makumi asanu alowa nthawi yowopsa. Chifukwa chake, amangofunikira kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa cholesterol. Malingaliro ake ndi awa:

• Zaka 51-55: OH - 4.08-7.16 / LDL - 2.30-5.110 / HDL - 0.721-11.631,
• Zaka 56-60: OH - 4.03-7.14 / LDL - 2.29-5.270 / HDL - 0.721-1.841,
• Zaka 61-70: OH - 4.08-7.09 / LDL - 2.55-5.450 / HDL - 0.781-1.941,
• 71 ndi kukwera: OH - 3.72-6.85 / LDL - 2.491-5.341 / HDL - 0.781-11.941.

Cholesterol patatha zaka 50 mwa akazi

Pambuyo makumi makumi asanu, kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol yonse ndikwabwinobwino. Pankhaniyi, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa kuchizindikiro cha LDLV.

Malingaliro a cholesterol mwa amayi okhwima ndi okalamba ali motere:

Monga tikuwonera patebulo, nthawi yomwe cholesterol yokhazikika imakhala yayikulu kwambiri. Komabe, musalole kupitilira malire okhazikitsidwa.

Mwa amayi achikulire omwe ali ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi, kuchuluka kwa magazi a cholesterol kwathunthu kumatha kufika 7.691 mmol / lita. Zingakhale bwino kukhala ndi chiwerengerochi mpaka zaka 70, ngakhale kuchulukitsa pang'ono (mpaka 7.81 mmol / l) ndikuloledwa.

"Chabwino" cholesterol sayenera kugwa pansi pa 0.961, ndipo "yoyipa" sayenera kupitilira 5.71.

M'badwo wotchuka - patatha zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri - pali chizolowezi chotsitsa cholesterol:

• chonse - 4.481 mpaka 7.351,
• Zoyipa - 2,491 mpaka 5,341,
• "Zabwino" - 0.851 mpaka 2.381.

Kuchulukitsa zomwe zimakhazikika pazinthu zomwe zili pachiwopsezo sikuti kungowononga thanzi la mayi, komanso moyo wake.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kudya moyenerera, kusakhala ndi zizolowezi zoyipa, kulemba mayeso pafupipafupi - izi ndi zinthu zomwe zingathandize kuti cholesterol ikhale pamlingo woyenera. Musaiwale kuti chinthu ichi chili ndi zinthu zambiri zopindulitsa (mwachitsanzo, antioxidant), komanso kuthekera kopanga mahomoni ogonana. Chifukwa chake, kupezeka kwa cholesterol "yabwino" kudzakuthandizani kukhala athanzi ndikukhala okongola.