Lactulose: ndi chiyani, malangizo ndi kuwunika

Lactulose ndi mankhwala ofewetsa tulo omwe amachititsa kusintha kwamaluwa a m'matumbo (kuchuluka kwa lactobacilli), komwe kumapangitsa kuchuluka kwa acid mu lumen ya colon ndikulimbikitsanso mawonekedwe ake. Pamodzi ndi izi, voliyumu imawonjezeka ndipo chopondapo chimafooka.

Ichi ndi chiyani Lactulose ndi mankhwala onunkhira, oyera, oyera. Itha kusungunuka kwathunthu mumadzi. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku shuga ya mkaka ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi oligosaccharides (ichi ndi chophatikiza ndi ma disaccharides).

Pharmacological zochita - hyperosmotic, mankhwala ofewetsa tufotokozera, timalimbitsa matumbo, kusintha mayamwidwe phosphates ndi Ca2 + mchere, amalimbikitsa excretion wa ammonium ions.

Mothandizidwa ndi mankhwalawa, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bifidus amachulukitsa m'matumbo, motsogozedwa ndi komwe Lactulose amaphulika ndikupanga lactic acid (makamaka) komanso pang'ono ndi acetic acids. Pankhaniyi, kupanikizika kwa osmotic kumawonjezeka ndipo pH mu lumen yamatumbo akulu amachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ammonia asunthe magazi kulowa m'matumbo, komanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ndowe komanso kuchuluka kwa peristalsis.

Kuchitikaku kumachitika patatha maola 24-48 pambuyo pa utsogoleri (kuchedwa kwake kumachitika chifukwa chodutsa m'matumbo).

Kuchiza ndi Lactulose kumachepetsa ndende ya ammonium m'magazi ndi 25-50%, kumachepetsa zovuta za hepatic encephalopathy, kumachepetsa malingaliro a m'maganizo ndikuwonjezera matenda a EEG. Kuphatikiza apo kumachepetsa kubereka kwa nsomba.

Mankhwalawa amathandizira kuchuluka kwa ndowe ndipo amakhala ndi mankhwala ofewetsa thukuta. Mankhwalawa samakhudza minofu yosalala ndi matumbo a m'mimba.

Zizindikiro zogwiritsidwa ntchito

Kodi chimathandiza Lactulose ndi chiyani? Malinga ndi malangizo, mankhwalawa amalembedwa motere:

• kudzimbidwa
• hepatic encephalopathy,
• salmonellosis (kupatula mitundu yamagulu),
• matenda ammimba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi njira zoperewera chifukwa cha poyizoni wa chakudya (makanda ndi ana osakwana zaka 10).

Malangizo ntchito Lactulose, mlingo

Dongosolo laling'ono la mankhwalawa limasankhidwa payekha, kutengera zaka komanso mawonekedwe. Lactulose amatengedwa bwino ndim'mawa.

Mlingo wokwanira malinga ndi malangizo:

• Kudzimbidwa - 15 - 45 ml kwa masiku atatu. Kenako 15 - 25 ml patsiku.
• Ndi hepatic encephalopathy - 30-50 ml, katatu patsiku. Mlingo wambiri watsiku ndi tsiku ndi 190 ml. Popewa, imwani 40 ml katatu patsiku.
• Mu pachimake matenda am`mimba chifukwa salmonella - 15 ml katatu patsiku. Nthawi yovomerezedwa ndi masiku 10 mpaka 12. M`pofunika kumwa 2 - 3 maphunziro ndi yopuma pa sabata. Nthawi yachitatu, imwani 30 ml katatu patsiku.

Poletsa kukula kwa chiwindi cha hepatic kwa odwala omwe akuwonongeka kwambiri kwa chiwindi, mankhwalawa amadziwitsidwa 25 ml 3 katatu patsiku. Ngati sizothandiza, ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza kwa lactulose ndi neomycin.

Ndi salmonellosis - 15 ml 3 kawiri pa tsiku kwa masiku 10-12, patatha masiku 7, mankhwalawa amabwerezedwanso. Ngati ndi kotheka, njira yachitatu ya chithandizo ingachitike mu Mlingo wa 30 ml 3 katatu patsiku.

Kwa ana, manyuchi amatha kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi kapena madzi.

Mlingo wa Lactulose wa ana:

• kuyambira zaka 7 mpaka 14 - woyamba 15 ml wa madzi, kenako 10 ml patsiku,
• mpaka zaka 6 - 5 mpaka 10 ml patsiku,
• kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka chaka chimodzi - 5 ml patsiku.

Gwiritsani ntchito mosamala odwala omwe ali ndi gastrocardial syndrome. Zikatero, chithandizo chiyenera kuyamba ndi Mlingo wochepa ndikuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono kupewa kutukuka kwa bata.

Siyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupweteka kwam'mimba, nseru, kusanza popanda kutsimikizira matendawa.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Malangizowa amachenjeza za mwayi wokhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa mukamapereka Lactulose:

• Nthawi zina, mseru, kusanza, matenda a anorexia (kusowa kwa chakudya) kumawonedwa.

Pa mlingo woyamba wa lactulose mu Mlingo wothandizila, kupweteka kwam'mimba komanso kuphimba (kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'matumbo) kumatha kuchitika. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatha 48 patatha mphindi yoyamba.

Contraindication

Lactulose ndiwotsutsana milandu:

• magazi otupa
• Matenda obadwa nawo: kuchepa kwa lactase, tsankho lactose, shuga, galactose malabsorption, galactosemia,
• colostomy kapena ileostomy,
• matumbo,
• akuwakayikira appendicitis
• Hypersensitivity kuti lactulose.

Chenjezo liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga komanso gastrocardial syndrome.

Kuyanjana kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Pogwiritsa ntchito munthawi yomweyo maantibayotiki ambiri, kuchepa kwamankhwala othandizira lactulose kumatheka.

Pogwiritsa ntchito munthawi yomweyo lactulose imatha kusokoneza kutulutsa zinthu zogwira ntchito pakukonzekera kosasakanikirana ndi zotulutsira pH chifukwa zimatsitsa pH yamatumbo.

Bongo

Pankhani ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kutsegula m'mimba (kutsekula m'mimba) kumatha kuchitika, komwe kumafuna kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kwa mankhwalawa. Kutsegula m'mimba kungayambitse kuchepa kwamadzi, motero, kukonzekera vuto la madzi osafunikira pakompyuta kungafunike.

Mndandanda wa Lactulose, mtengo m'masitolo ogulitsa mankhwala

Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kusintha Lactulose ndi analogue mu achire - awa ndi mankhwala:

Posankha analogi, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito Lactulose, mtengo ndi kuwunika kwa mankhwala omwe ali ndi zotsatira zofananira sizikugwira ntchito. Ndikofunikira kupeza upangiri wa dokotala komanso kuti usasinthe popanda mankhwala.

Mtengo muma Russian pharmacies: Poslabin lactulose mapiritsi 500 mg 30 ma PC. - kuchokera pa 91 mpaka 119 ma ruble, mu mawonekedwe a manyowa, analogue yotsika mtengo kwambiri ndi Lactusan sy 300 300 ml - kuchokera ku ma ruble 300, malinga ndi mafakitale 591.

Pewani kufikira ana pa kutentha kwambiri osapitirira + 25 ° C. Moyo wa alumali ndi zaka 2.

Mankhwala

Lactulose amadziwika ndi hyperosmotic mankhwala ofewetsa tuvi tolimba. Komanso, mankhwalawa amathandizira kuwonjezeka kwa ma amoni amoni, amathandizira kuyamwa kwa mchere wamchere ndi phosphates, imayendetsa matumbo motility.

Lactulose imasweka m'matumbo chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa matumbo am'deralo, ndikupanga maselo achilengedwe ochepa, omwe amachititsa kuchuluka kwa osmotic komanso kuchepa kwa pH. Zotsatira zake ndikuwonjezereka kwa kuchuluka kwa zam'mimba. Zotsatira izi zimapangitsa kuti ma peristalsis apangidwe m'matumbo ndipo zimakhudza kusasunthika kwa chopondapo. Mankhwala amapereka kubwezeretsa kwa thupi phokoso latsika.

Odwala omwe ali ndi hepatic precoma / chikomokere ndi chiwindi. ndikuchepetsa pH mu koloni, ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa poizoni wokhala ndi nayitrogeni polimbikitsa ntchito ya microorgan zmov onyamula amoniya kwa yobwezeretsanso wa bakiteriya mapuloteni kaphatikizidwe ndondomeko.

Lactulose ndi prebiotic yomwe imathandizira kukula kwa mabakiteriya opindulitsa (lactobacillus ndi bifidobacteria), omwe amalepheretsa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (Escherichia coli, Clostridium) ndikuthandizira kukonza bwino kwam'mimba. Mankhwala amatha kuletsa kukula ndi kubereka kwa shigella ndi salmonella, sikuchepetsa mayamwidwe a mavitamini, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito sikulowerera. Lactulose amayamba kugwira ntchito patatha maola 24-48 atagwirizana, zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndi gawo la zinthu kudzera m'mimba.

Pharmacokinetics

Mlingo wa mayamwidwe a lactulose mukadutsa m'matumbo am'mimba ndi wotsika. 3% yokha ya mlingo womwe watengedwa ndi impso. Popanda kunyowa, mankhwalawo amafika m'matumbo, pomwe amang'ambika ndi matumbo. Lactulose zimapukusidwa pafupifupi 100% pamene kumwedwa muyezo wa 40-75 ml. Mukamapereka mankhwala muyezo waukulu, chinthucho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono ndi ndowe zosasinthika.

Contraindication

• Kutuluka magazi
• Matenda a m'magazi: kuperewera kwa lactase, tsankho lactose, shuga wa galactose malabsorption, galactosemia,
• Colostomy kapena ileostomy,
• Bowel,
• Appendicitis,
• Hypersensitivity kuti lactulose.

Malinga ndi malangizo, Lactulose iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala odwala matenda a shuga, gastrocardial syndrome.

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito Lactulose: njira ndi mlingo

Lactulose manyuchi amatengedwa pakamwa, ngati angafune, akhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi kapena madzi.

Mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku komanso nthawi ya mankhwala amathandizidwa ndi dokotala potengera mawonekedwe azachipatala.

• Kudzimbidwa: koyamba mlingo wa okalamba odwala - 15-45 ml kwa masiku atatu, kukonza - 10-25 ml, koyamba mlingo wa ana a zaka 7 mpaka 14 - 15 ml, kukonza - 10 ml. Koyamba ndi kukonza mlingo wa Lactulose madzi a ana a zaka 1-6 - 5-10 ml, kuchokera 1.5 miyezi 1 chaka - 5 ml. Mankhwala ayenera kumwedwa kamodzi patsiku chakudya cham'mawa,
• Hepatic encephalopathy: 30-50 ml 2-3 pa tsiku, kuti akwaniritse matenda, kuwonjezeka kwa 190 ml patsiku ndikotheka. Popewa kukula kwa hepatic chikomokere, odwala omwe akuwonongeka kwambiri kwa chiwindi amawayika 25 ml ya madzi katatu patsiku,
• Salmonellosis: 15 ml katatu patsiku, nthawi yovomerezeka ndi masiku 10-12. Pambuyo pakupuma (masiku 7), maphunzirowo ayenera kubwerezedwa. Ngati ndi kotheka, njira yachitatu ya mankhwala imatheka pa mlingo wa 30 ml katatu patsiku.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Kugwiritsa ntchito Lactulose kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto osafunikira:

• Matumbo oyenda: mwina - flatulence (nthawi zambiri kumayambiriro kwa chithandizo, pambuyo pake imatha pang'ono pang'ono), kupweteka pamimba, kutsekula m'mimba, kusokonezeka kwa mawonekedwe a-electrolyte wam'madzi (mukamamwa kwambiri), kawirikawiri - nseru,
• Machitidwe amsempha: kawirikawiri - chizungulire, kupweteka mutu, kukokana,
• Zina: mwina - kukula kwa thupi lawo siligwirizana, kawirikawiri - kufooka, myalgia, arrhythmia, kutopa.

Bongo

Mukamamwa mankhwala a Lactulose Syoses mu milingo yayikulu kwambiri, kutsegula m'mimba ndi kupweteka kwam'mimba kumatha kuchitika. Pankhaniyi, mlingo wa lactulose umachepetsedwa kapena kusiyiratu. Kuphwanya kapena kutsegula m'mimba kumatha kuwononga kwambiri madzi, motero, kukonza zosokoneza m'masamba a electrolyte kungafunike.

Malangizo apadera

Panthawi yapakati komanso yoyamwitsa, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kumatha kuthandizira matenda.

Simungathe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa popanda kukhazikitsa chidziwitso cholondola ngati mukumva mseru, kupweteka m'mimba kapena kusanza.

Pofuna kupewa kukula kwa bata kwa odwala omwe ali ndi gastrocardial syndrome, mlingo woyambirira uyenera kutsikira kuposa momwe analimbikitsira, uyenera kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, kubweretsa mlingo wothandiza wodwala.

Ngati matenda am'mimba apezeka, Lactulose iyenera kusiyidwa.

Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala ndi zotupa za m'matumbo mwa odwala matenda a shuga.

Odwala omwe amamwa mankhwalawa kwa miyezi yopitilira 6, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwunika pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu, kaboni dayokosi ndi chlorine m'madzi a m'magazi.

Kuyanjana kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Zotsatira zamankhwala zimatha kuchepetsedwa ndi ma anti-spectrum antibayotiki. Mphamvu ya lactulose imachepetsa pH ya m'matumbo, chifukwa chake, mukamamwa mankhwala osakanikirana a enteric ndi kutulutsidwa kwa pH, kumasulidwa kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwira kumatha kusokonezeka.

Mndandanda wa Lactulose ndi: Dufalac, Goodluck, Livolyuk-PB, Romfalak, Portalac, Normase, Forlax, Dinolak, Exportal ndi ena.

Mtengo wa Lactulose m'masitolo ogulitsa mankhwala

Pakadali pano, mtengo wa Lactulose umakhalabe wosadziwika, popeza mankhwalawo sagulitsidwa pamaunyolo a ma pharmacy. Mtengo wa analogue, Dufalac manyuchi, umasiyanasiyana 270 mpaka 346 rubles pa 200 ml botolo, kuchokera 465 mpaka 566 rubles pa 500 ml botolo, kuchokera ku 845 mpaka 1020 rubles pa 1000 ml ya botolo.

Kufotokozera ndi kapangidwe

Mankhwalawa amapangidwa ngati mawonekedwe amadzimadzi, owoneka bwino, omwe amatha kukhala opanda utoto kapena wachikaso ndi tint yoyera.
Monga yogwira pophika, mankhwalawa amakhala ndi lactulose. Kuphatikiza apo, kuphatikiza kwa mankhwalawa kumaphatikizapo citric acid ndi madzi a jekeseni monga zosakaniza zothandizira.

Gulu la mankhwala

Lactulose ndi mankhwala ofewetsa thukuta omwe ali ndi osmotic. Pa mankhwala, matumbo amathandizika, ndipo mayamwidwe amtundu wa phosphates ndi calcium amakhala bwino. Mankhwala amafulumizitsa kuchotsedwa kwa ammonium ion.

Mothandizidwa ndi microflora yamatumbo, lactulose imasweka kukhala ochepa ma organic acids, chifukwa chake, pH imachepa ndipo kuthamanga kwa osmotic kumakwera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa ndowe. Zonsezi zimabweretsa kukondoweza kwa matumbo motility komanso kusintha kwa kusunthika kwa chopondapo. Mothandizidwa ndi mankhwalawa, ndizotheka kubwezeretsanso mwatsatanetsatane thupi lanu.

Ndi hepatic encephalopathy, precoma ndi chikomokere, mphamvu ya mankhwalawa imakhudzana ndi kuponderezana kwa bacteria wa proteinolytic komanso kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya a acidophilic, mwachitsanzo, lactobacilli. Chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwalawa, matumbo amapezeka acidic, ndipo ammonia imadutsa mu mawonekedwe a ionic, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zokhala ndi poizoni kumachepa, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kukondoweza kwa mabakiteriya omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ammonia pakupanga mapuloteni a bacteria.

Lactulose ndi prebiotic mankhwala. Imalimbikitsa kukula kwa ma tizilombo opindulitsa, monga bifidobacteria ndi lactobacilli, ndipo, nawonso, akuletsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya okhala ndi vuto: E. coli ndi clostridia.

Mankhwala amalepheretsa kukula ndi kubereka kwa shigella ndi salmonella, sikukulepheretsani kuyamwa kwa mavitamini, komanso osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

The achire zotsatira za mankhwalawa zimachitika 24-48 mawola ake ntchito (anachedwa mankhwala ofewetsa tulo kwa mankhwala zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kudutsa gawo logaya chakudya).

Mafuta akumwa ochepa, mpaka 3% ya mankhwalawa amatengedwa ndi impso. Gawo logwira ntchito limafikira m'matumbo, pomwe limagawanika ndi microflora. Mankhwala, atengedwa pa Mlingo wa 40-75 ml, amakhala ndi mapangidwe ake onse;

Kwa akuluakulu

• kudzimbidwa, kuti azitha kuyendetsa bwino phokoso lakelo.
• Kufewetsa chopondapo chothandizira kuchipatala ndi ma hemorrhoids, mu nthawi yothandizidwa ndi ma opaleshoni othandizira a m'matumbo akulu kapena pa anus,
• ndi kwa chiwindi encephalopathy kuti azitha kuchiza ndi kupewa chiwindi chikomokere ndi mtundu.

Malinga ndi zikuwonetsa, mankhwalawa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwa ana kuyambira masiku oyamba amoyo. Kuchiza kwa odwala osakwana zaka 18 kuyenera kuchitika kokha moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala komanso pokhapokha pokhapokha.

Kwa pakati ndi kuyamwitsa

Panthawi ya bere ndi mkaka wa m'mawere, madzi a Lactulose angagwiritsidwe ntchito molingana ndi mawonekedwe.

Contraindication

Mankhwala ndi contraindised ngati wodwala wavumbulutsa zilizonse zotsatirazi:

• tsankho lililonse malinga ndi mankhwala:
• galactosemia,
• matumbo,
• magazi otupa
• tsankho kwa galactose, shuga, zipatso, kuperewera kwa malabsorption wa zotulutsa,
• colostomy ndi ileostomy.

Lactulose imaphatikizidwa pazochitika zomwe amakayikira, ndipo iyenera kuyikidwa mosamala kwa odwala matenda a shuga.

Mlingo ndi Ulamuliro

Kwa akuluakulu

Lactulose amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakamwa, akudya kapena atatha kudya.

Mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku utha kutengedwa nthawi imodzi kapena kugawidwa pawiri.

Malangizo amasankhidwa munjira iliyonse payokha. Popereka mankhwala kamodzi patsiku, mankhwalawa amayenera kumwa nthawi yomweyo, mwachitsanzo, pakudya m'mawa.

Kuti muchotse kudzimbidwa, mankhwalawa m'masiku atatu oyambirira ayenera kumwedwa 15-45 ml patsiku, ndiye kuti mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku umachepetsedwa mpaka 10-30 ml.

Pambuyo kumwa mankhwalawa, matumbo amayenda m'masiku awiri oyamba. Njira ya mankhwalawa imatha kupitilira milungu 4 mpaka miyezi 3-4.

Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi chiwindi chikomokere, precoma, encephalopathy, mankhwala zotchulidwa 30-45 ml patsiku. Kenako, kumwa mankhwalawa amasankhidwa kotero kuti matumbo amasuntha katatu patsiku. Kutalika kwa mankhwalawa kumatha kukhala miyezi itatu kapena kupitilira.

Pambuyo pochita opareshoni, mankhwalawa amatchulidwa 10-30 ml katatu patsiku. M`pofunika kumwa mankhwalawa pambuyo maola 18-24 pambuyo pa ntchito kwa masiku 3-5.

Kwa ana, Mlingo wa mankhwalawa umasankhidwa payekha kutengera zomwe akuwonetsa komanso zaka zake.

Pofuna kuthana ndi kudzimbidwa kwa ana a chaka choyamba cha moyo, mankhwalawa amalembedwa tsiku lililonse la 5 ml, kwa odwala azaka za 6 mpaka 6 patsiku, amapatsidwa 5 mpaka 10 ml patsiku, kwa odwala azaka za 7 mpaka 14 - 15 ml patsiku.

Kwa ana opitilira zaka 14, mankhwalawa amalembedwa muyezo wa akulu.

Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, ana osakwana chaka chimodzi amapatsidwa mlingo umodzi wa 5 ml, woposa chaka 5-10 ml. Kuchulukana kwa makonzedwe katatu patsiku. Ndikofunika kumwa mankhwalawa pambuyo pa maola 18-24 kwa masiku 3-5.

Kwa pakati ndi kuyamwitsa

Pakubala kwa mwana wosabadwayo ndi kuyamwitsa, manyuchi a Lactulose amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachizolowezi.

Kuchita ndi mankhwala ena

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a Lactulose mu mankhwalawa othandizira kuphatikiza ndimankhwala ena, kulumikizana kwa mankhwala sikunawonedwe, koma, ngakhale izi, sizifunikira kuledzera nthawi yomweyo (gawo locheperapo pakati pa Mlingo liyenera kukhala maola 2).

Ma antibacterial ndi antacid othandizira amachepetsa zovuta. Lactulose amasintha kutulutsa kochokera pH kwa mankhwala osungunuka a enteric-soluble.

Malo osungira

Mankhwalawa amayenera kusungidwa m'malo amdima, osawoneka pamtunda wa madigiri 5-25. Moyo wa alumali wa manyuchi a Lactulose ndi zaka zitatu, pambuyo pake sangathe kuledzera, uyenera kutayidwa.

Mutha kugula mankhwalawa osalandira mankhwala a dotolo, koma kutsegula popanda kufunsa dokotala sikololedwa.

Kuphatikiza pa madzi a Lactulose, ambiri ofanana nawo akugulitsidwa:

1. Normase ndi analogue yathunthu ya madzi a Lactulose. The mankhwala ofewetsa thukuta amagulitsidwa mu madzi, omwe amatha kuperekedwa kwa odwala azaka zonse, kuphatikiza pa nthawi yoyembekezera komanso mkaka wa m'mawere.
2. Dufalac imakhala ndi lactulose monga chinthu chogwira ntchito. Mankhwala amapangidwa mu madzi, omwe amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwa ana a chaka choyamba cha moyo, amayi omwe ali ndi udindo ndi kuyamwitsa.
3. Dinolak monga chinthu yogwira, mankhwalawa amakhala ndi lactulose ndi simethicone. Mankhwalawa amagulitsidwa mu emulsion yothandizira pakamwa, amatha kuperekedwa kwa ana azaka zilizonse, omwe ali ndi pakati komanso akukhanda.
4. Transulose ndi mankhwala ofewetsa thupi achi French omwe amapangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a gel. Zotsatira zamankhwala zimafotokozedwa ndi paraffin ndi lactulose. Zotupa zitha kuperekedwa kwa akulu okha. Transulose imaphatikizidwa mwa amayi omwe ali ndi udindo ndikuthandizira yoyamwitsa.
5. Senadexen ndi phytopreparation, womwe umalowa m'malo mwa Lactulose manyowa m'gulu la achire. Mankhwala amapangidwa m'mapiritsi omwe amaloledwa kwa ana kuchokera chaka chimodzi ndi odwala omwe ali ndi pakati. Zigawo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwalawa zimapukusidwa mkaka wa m'mawere ndipo zimayambitsa kupsinjika m'mimba mwa mwana, chifukwa cha mankhwala, mwana amayenera kupita ku osakaniza.

Kutenga analogue m'malo mwa Lactulose manyuchi ndizovomerezeka pokhapokha kukaonana ndi katswiri.

Mtengo wa Lactulose ndi pafupifupi ma ruble 435. Mitengo imachokera ku ma ruble 111 mpaka 967.