Kodi shuga wamagazi amadalira chiyani?

Mlingo wa shuga (shuga) m'magazi ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kagayidwe kazinthu. Izi ndichifukwa choti glucose imapatsa mphamvu ziwalo zonse, makamaka ubongo ndi mtima zimadalira.

Nthawi zambiri, mutatha kudya, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha, kenako insulini imatulutsidwa, ndipo glucose amalowa m'maselo, amaphatikizidwa ndi njira za metabolic kuti thupi likhale ndi zofunika kwambiri.

Ngati insulin yokwanira ipangika, kapena zochitika za mahomoni otsutsana zimachuluka, komanso ngati maselo sayankha insulin, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'thupi kumakwera. Ngati malamulo a mahomoni ali operewera kapena ngati mankhwala ochulukirapo agwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa shuga, chizindikiro ichi chimachepa.

Zakudya Zabwino ndi Mwazi

Mwazi wamagazi umatsimikiziridwa ndikuwunika kuchuluka kwa glycemia. Chifukwa cha izi, kuyezetsa magazi kumachitika m'mawa, pamimba yopanda kanthu. Chakudya chotsiriza sichikhala mochedwa kuposa maola 8 musanayeze muyeso. Magazi abwinobwino amodzimodzi ndi amuna ndi akazi, kutengera zaka za wodwalayo:

1. Kwa ana azaka zitatu mpaka zaka 14: 3.3 mpaka 5.6 mmol / L
2. Pazaka kuyambira 14 mpaka 60: 4.1 - 5.9 mmol / L.

Chofunikira kwambiri chomwe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumadalira ndikulinganiza pakati pa kudya kwake ndi chakudya komanso kuchuluka kwa insulin, yomwe imathandizira kuti ichotse magaziwo kupita m'maselo. Zakudya zokhala ndi chakudya chamafuta zimakhudza kwambiri shuga wamagazi.

Mwa kuthamanga kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga, amagawidwa kukhala osavuta komanso ovuta. Zakudya zamafuta osavuta zimayamba kumizidwa m'magazi m'mkamwa, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo muzakudya kumapangitsa kukula kwa glucose.

Izi ndi monga:

• Shuga, uchi, kupanikizana, madzi, kupanikizana.
• White ufa, mkate wonse ndi makeke opangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo - masikono, ma waffle, ma cookie, mikate yoyera, zopaka, makeke ndi makeke.
• Chokoleti
• Yotchera zakudya zochepera.
• Maswiti okoma ndi sodas.
• M nthochi, mphesa, madeti, mphesa zamphesa, nkhuyu.

Zakudya zomanga thupi zophatikizika mu zakudya zimayimiriridwa ndi wowuma ndikugaya m'matumbo amafunikira kuti ziwonongeke. Pankhani ya kuyeretsa kuchokera ku fiber fiber - ufa, phala, timadziti, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumawonjezeka, ndipo masamba a masamba kapena chinangwa akawonjezedwa, amatsika.

Kulowetsedwa kwa chakudya chamafuta kuchokera kumakolo kumachepetsa ngati mafuta ambiri alimo; kuchokera kuzakudya zozizira, michere yama michere imabweranso pang'onopang'ono kuchokera m'matumbo kuposa zakudya zowotcha.

Metabolism ya Carbohydrate imasokonezedwanso ngati mukumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa, zakudya zamafuta, makamaka mafuta, nyama yokazinga, offal, kirimu wowawasa, kirimu, chakudya chofulumira, masoseji, nyama zosuta komanso zakudya zam'chitini.

Matenda Oseketsa Mwazi wa Magazi

Chochititsa chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa kusinthasintha kwa shuga m'magazi ndi shuga. Imagawidwa molingana ndi njira zopititsira patsogolo kukhala mitundu iwiri. Type Iabetes mellitus imachitika pamene ma cell a beta mu kapamba awonongeka.

Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kukula kwa zochita za autoimmune, momwe kupanga ma antibodies kuma cell omwe amapanga insulin kumayamba. Choyambitsa matenda a shuga 1 chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ambiri ndi chibadwa chatsopano.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umachitika popanda kusinthika kapena kuwonjezeka kwa insulini, koma minyewa yolandila minofu imayamba kugonjetsedwa ndi zotsatirapo zake. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mtundu wachiwiri umakhala 95% ya onse matenda a shuga omwe adapezeka. Kupewa matenda a shuga a 2 kukugwirizana mwachindunji ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Mpaka pano, zinthu zotsatirazi zadziwika:

1. Kunenepa kwambiri, makamaka kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'chiuno.
2. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi.
3. Kusakhazikika kwam'maganizo, kupsinjika, nkhawa.
4. Matenda a kapamba.
5. Kukwezedwa magazi mafuta m'thupi, atherosulinosis.
6. Matenda a shuga kwa abale apamtima.
7. Matenda a chithokomiro, komanso ndulu ya adrenal kapena gitu.

Matenda a shuga amawonjezeka ndi zaka, motero shuga, monga cholesterol yamagazi, amayenera kuwunikira pambuyo pa zaka 40 osachepera kamodzi pachaka.

Ngati mwa amayi kutenga pakati kumayenderana ndi kukula kwa shuga wowonjezereka, mwana wosabadwayo amabadwa wolemera kuposa 4,5 makilogalamu kapena pali zovuta zina, njira yoyambira yokhala ndi pakati, komanso ma polycystic ovomerezeka, uwu uyenera kukhala nthawi yowunikira kagayidwe kazachilengedwe.

Shuga amatha kuchuluka kwa kapamba kapamba kapena kapamba, chifukwa kufupika ndi kutupa kwa kapamba zimakhudzanso maselo a timisamba ta Langerhans omwe amapanga insulin. Pambuyo pa mankhwalawa, shuga amatha kubwerera mwakale, koma odwala oterewa amawonetsedwa kutsatira malamulo oletsa kudya osachepera miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kapamba (hyperplasia), insulinoma kapena adenoma, komanso ndi kuperewera kwa mphamvu ya alpha - maselo omwe amapanga glucagon, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatsika.

Mu hyperthyroidism, chifukwa cha mphamvu ya mahomoni a chithokomiro, kukondoweza kwambiri kwa kupanga kwa insulin kumachitika poyamba, komwe kumapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono kufooka komanso kukula kwa matenda a hyperglycemia.

Pali lingaliro lomwe matenda ashuga ndi chithokomiro amapanga chifukwa cha autoimmune.

Kuwonongeka kwa carbohydrate kagayidwe kamatha kukhala ndi matenda a adrenal gland ndi pituitary gland:

• Hyperglycemia imachitika ndi pheochromocytoma, acromegaly, Cushing's syndrome, somatostatinoma.
• Shuga wochepetsedwa (hypoglycemia) amapezeka ndi matenda a Addison, adrenogenital syndrome.

Nthawi yovuta kwambiri yamitsempha yam'mimba kapena kuwonongeka kwa magazi m'thupi (sitiroko) imatha kutsagana ndi kukwera kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi. Viral hepatitis ndi chotupa njira m'matumbo ndi m'mimba nthawi zambiri kumachitika ndi shuga wochepa m'magazi.

Ndi njala yayitali kapena malabsorption m'matumbo okhala ndi malabsorption syndrome, shuga wamagazi amachepa. Malabsorption amathanso kubereka mu cystic fibrosis kapena kukhala mu matenda am'mimba, chifuwa chachikulu, komanso matenda amitsempha.

Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga

Kumwa mankhwala kungathenso kuthana ndi kagayidwe kazakudya kagayidwe kabwino: diuretics, makamaka thiazides, estrogens, glucocorticoid mahomoni, beta-blockers, nthawi zambiri osasankha, amachititsa hyperglycemia. Kutenga tiyi wa khofi m'magawo akulu, kuphatikizapo mphamvu zamagetsi kapena zakumwa zamafuta, mumakweza shuga.

Kuchepetsa shuga: insulin, mankhwala antidiabetesic - Metformin, Glucobay, Manninil, Januvia, salicylates, antihistamines, anabolic steroids ndi amphetamine, amathanso kuchepa ndi kuledzera.

Kwa bongo, kusowa kwa glucose kumavulaza kuposa chowonjezera. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mapiritsi a glucose kapena maswiti nawo, kuti ndi zizindikiro za kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi, azitha kukweza msanga. Pachifukwa ichi, uchi, tiyi wokoma, mkaka ofunda, zoumba, msuzi uliwonse kapena chakumwa chokoma chitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito.

Psychological hyperglycemia (pakalibe matenda) imatha kukhala yolimbitsa thupi, kusuta. Kutulutsidwa kwa mahomoni opsinjika - adrenaline ndi cortisol omwe ali ndi kutengeka kwamphamvu kwamphamvu, mantha, mkwiyo, kupweteka kwapakhosi, ndiyenso chifukwa chowonjezerera kwakanthawi pang'ono m'magulu a shuga.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri kapena nthawi yayitali, kupsinjika kwa m'maganizo, kutentha kwamphamvu m'matenda opatsirana kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi.

Anthu athanzi amatha kuwona zizindikiro za shuga m'magazi (chizungulire, kupweteka mutu, thukuta, manja akunjenjemera) akakhala ndi madzi komanso kudya zakudya zotsekemera kwambiri. Pambuyo pa kudya shuga wambiri wosavuta, kutulutsidwa kwa insulin kumawonjezeka kwambiri ndipo kumachepetsa shuga.

Pa nthawi yoyembekezera komanso musanayambe kusamba, azimayi amatha kukumana ndi vuto la kupezeka kwa chakudya chifukwa cha zotsatira za kusintha kwa ma estrogen ndi progesterone. Kusinthasintha kowopsa m'magazi a magazi kumayenderana ndi kusamba. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akufotokozerani zomwe shuga ayenera kukhala.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga azikhala ndi magazi okwanira - zoyenera kuchita ndi chiyani?

Pa shuga wambiri, thupi lathu limayamba kuzindikiritsa izi m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, zimatengera kuchuluka kwa shuga komanso kukhalapo kwa matenda owonjezera.

Chifukwa chake, timayamba kuzindikira zizindikiro zina, nthawi zina popanda kuzindikira zomwe zimachokera.

Ndizofunikiranso kudziwa kuti nthawi zambiri amafunafuna mavuto ena, koma shuga amawiwalika nthawi zambiri.

Mwachilengedwe, maselo a thupi lathu ayenera kukhala ndi shuga, koma osagwirizana ndi zovomerezeka. Manambalawa sayenera kupitirira mamiligalamu 100 pa desilita iliyonse.

Mtolankhani wazachipatala Wachingelezi adafalitsa zotsatira za kafukufuku yemwe adafufuza za ubale womwe umapezeka pakati pa glycated hemoglobin ndi umunthu wamwamuna. Kuyesaku kunakhudza odzipereka 4662 azaka za 45-79, ambiri mwa iwo sanali kudwala matenda ashuga.

Mwa amuna omwe HbA1C sanadutsepo 5% (chizolowezi kwa munthu wamkulu), kufa kwa vuto la mtima ndi sitiroko (zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa odwala matenda ashuga) anali otsika kwambiri.

Peresenti iliyonse yowonjezera ya hemoglobin yowonjezera imawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi 28%. Malinga ndi ziwerengerozi, 7% HbA1C imachulukitsa kufa ndi 63% poyerekeza ndi yabwinobwino.

Koma ndi matenda ashuga, 7% ndi zotsatira zabwino!

Malinga ndi kuwonera kwa miliri, ku Russia kuli anthu osachepera 8 miliyoni a matenda ashuga (90% ndi a shuga a 2), 5 miliyoni aiwo sadziwa ngakhale shuga wambiri m'magazi awo. Mitundu yonse ya shuga imakhala maukosi othandizira omwe amawononga mitsempha yamagazi ndi minofu ya thupi la munthu, osanenanso kuti malo otsekemera ndi malo oyenera kubereka mabakiteriya.