Mtundu wa shuga 1 - mawonekedwe a zopatsa thanzi, zizindikiro ndi chithandizo

Mwa mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga a mellitus, madokotala amatanthauza matenda a autoimmune systemic omwe amadziwika ndi kuperewera konse kwa insulin. Ngakhale kuti matendawa apezeka mwa pafupifupi 8-10% ya odwala omwe amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga, ndi mtundu uwu womwe umawerengedwa kuti ndiwowopsa, chifukwa umapangitsa ngozi yayikulu kwambiri kwa munthu, makamaka ngati singazindikiridwe munthawi yake.

Zolemba za matendawa

Type 1abetes mellitus ndi vuto la endocrine lomwe limadziwika chifukwa chosakwanira kupanga mahomoni a insulin ndi kapamba. Zotsatira zake, munthu amakhala ndi shuga komanso magazi okwanira.

Matendawa amatengedwa kuti ndi osachiritsika, chifukwa cha matenda ashuga, odwala amayenera kumwa mankhwala m'miyoyo yawo yonse kuti athandizire kuchuluka kwa shuga komanso kuwongolera momwe aliri. Nthawi zina, ngakhale olumala wokhala ndi matenda amtundu 1 amatha, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kulabadira zovuta zomwe zilipo.

Zomwe zimachitika

Matendawa amapezeka kawirikawiri, amatha kupezeka mwa ana aang'ono ndipo kawirikawiri samayamba kutseguliridwa. Ndikosatheka kuchiritsa matendawa kwathunthu, komabe, cholinga chachikulu cha mankhwalawa ndikudzaza kusowa kwa insulin ndi mankhwala. Kuonetsetsa kuti mphamvu yayitali yakhazikika, ndikofunikira poyamba kuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 1. Matendawa amayambitsidwa ndi:

chibadwire
zoopsa zamankhwala
ma virus ambiri owopsa,
kutsatira zakudya zokhwima,
kumangokhala
kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi
kulimbitsa thupi kwakukulu,
kupsinjika kosalekeza
matenda a autoimmune.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti awa ndi njira zokhazo zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Ngakhale kuti mbiri yakale ya matenda ashuga a mtundu wa 1 ili pafupifupi zaka zana limodzi, zifukwa zenizeni zomwe zidachitika sizinakhazikitsidwe.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Kupanga insulin kosakwanira ndi maselo a endocrine kungayambitse matenda a shuga 1. Mwa zina mwazizindikiro zazikulu zomwe muyenera kufotokoza:

kamwa yowuma ndi ludzu
kukodza pafupipafupi
kutuluka thukuta kwambiri
kufooka kwa thupi,
kupsinjika kwapafupipafupi, kukwiya kwakukulu.

Amayi amawonetsera pafupipafupi matenda obwera ndi ukazi, omwe ndi ovuta kuchiza. Kuphatikiza apo, kusintha kwamawonedwe kungawonedwe. Popeza kulibe chithandizo chanthawi yake komanso kusungitsa shuga m'thupi la wodwalayo, zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a ketoacidosis zimatha kuchitika, makamaka, monga:

mseru waukulu ndi kusanza,
fungo la acetone
kusowa kwamadzi
kupuma kwambiri
chisokonezo ndi kutayika kwakanthawi.

Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino za mankhwala, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa matenda a matenda a shuga 1 a mitundu, komanso kumamwa mankhwala apadera, jekeseni insulin ndikutsatira zakudya.

Kusiyana pakati pa mitundu 1 ndi 2

Musanalembe mankhwala, muyenera kudziwa kusiyanasiyana kwa matendawo. Zomwezi zimawonetsedwa mu mawonekedwe a tabular. Matenda a shuga a Type 1 ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi matenda amtundu wa 2.

Mtundu 1 wamatenda

2 mtundu wa matenda

Zaka zoyambirira za matenda

Ana ndi achinyamata

Khalidwe loipa

Nthawi zambiri pamlingo woyenera

Kuchulukitsa, kungakhale kunenepa kwambiri

Mwa zabwinobwino kapena zokwera

Ma antijeni amwazi

Kukopa kwa insulin

Kugwiritsa kumayambiriro kwa matendawa

Makhalidwe ndi kusiyana kwa mtundu 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 wa matenda a shuga kumathandizira kuti adziwe matenda ake komanso kuti adziwe momwe matendawa aliri.

Zizindikiro

Mankhwala amakono amapereka njira zingapo zoyenera zodziwira ndi kudziwa kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga 1. Zimakhazikika paziwonetsero za ma carbohydrate metabolism m'magazi.

Onetsetsani kuti mwayezetsa magazi kuti mupeze shuga othamanga. Maola 12 izi zisanachitike, muyenera kusiya kudya, kumwa, kuchepetsa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, osamwa mankhwala, komanso kupewa nkhawa. Kudalirika kwa zotsatira kumasintha kwa odwala atachitidwa opaleshoni, komanso ngati pali zovuta zilizonse zamatumbo ndi m'mimba, nthawi yakusamba, pamaso pa kutupa.

Kuphatikiza pa kuyezetsa magazi, kuyezetsa nkhawa kungagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pambuyo popititsa patsogolo kusanthula kwachikale, wodwalayo ayenera kumwa 75 ga shuga pamlomo. Pakupita maola awiri, magazi amayamwa shuga. Malire apamwamba a glucose ndende ndikuwonetsa mayesowa.

Zotsatira zolondola kwambiri zitha kupezeka mukamayesa hemoglobin ya glycated. Sizitengera kutengera zinthu zakunja.

Kuphatikiza apo, adotolo amafufuza kuwunika kokwanira kupatula kupezeka kwa matenda ndi mikhalidwe yomwe imapangitsa hyperglycemia. Kuphatikiza apo, izi ndizodziwitsa mtundu wa matenda ashuga. Pambuyo pake, adotolo amasankha chithandizo choyenera chomwe chithandizira wodwalayo kukhala bwino.

Zochizira

Pambuyo pakutsimikizira matendawa, chithandizo chokwanira cha matenda a shuga 1 chimachitika, chomwe chimapangidwa malinga ndi pulogalamu ya wodwala aliyense. Njira yayikulu yothandizira imatanthawuza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Wodwala wawo amawalamulira kuti akhale ndi moyo. Mlingo wa mankhwalawa amasankhidwa mosiyanasiyana payekha, kutengera mawonekedwe a thupi la wodwalayo, matendawa, momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito mankhwala ena, komanso kupezeka kwa zovuta.

Kuphatikiza apo, wodwalayo akuwonetsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito mavitamini, komanso mankhwala ena omwe amathandizira kukonza bwino komanso kuwonjezera chitetezo chokwanira. Zabwino zimaperekedwa ndi wowerengeka azitsamba ndi njira, zomwe ndi zofunika kugwiritsa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kutsatira zakudya zapadera za matenda ashuga amtundu wa 1, mndandanda womwe umapangidwa ndi endocrinologist pamodzi ndi wazakudya. Mukamapangira zochizira zovuta, mutha kukwaniritsa zotsatira zabwino, kuchepetsa zomwe zilipo, komanso kuwonjezera nthawi komanso moyo wabwino.

Mankhwala

Nthawi zambiri pamakhala matenda amtundu 1 wa ana. M'miyoyo yawo yonse, amakakamizidwa kumwa mankhwala apadera kuti akhale athanzi. Ngati ndizosatheka kupanga insulini, njira yokhayo yokwaniritsira kutsika kwa shuga ndikupereka insulin. Kuchuluka kwake kungakhale kokwanira, ndipo wodwalayo angamve bwino.

Zimafunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena omwe angathandize kuchotsa mawonetseredwe a insulin kukana komanso kupewa kupezeka kwamavuto omwe amakhudzana ndi mlingo waukulu wa insulin.

Pamaso pa matenda oopsa, ma A block inhibitors ndi beta-blockers amawonjezeranso, makamaka, monga Betaxolol, Nebivolol, Enalapril. Kuchiza ndi mankhwalawa amalembedwa kuti magazi azithamanga kwambiri kuti aletse kukula kwa nephropathy.

Kusintha kwa mtima kumayang'aniridwa ndi kuyeza kuchuluka kwa magazi. Ngati pakufunika kusungunuka kwake, ndiye kuti ma antiplatelet othandizira ndi omwe amapatsidwa mankhwala, omwe ambiri ndi Aspirin. Ngati mulingo wa cholesterol ndiwokwera kwambiri kuposa wabwinobwino, ndiye kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ma statins kumawonetsedwa, zomwe zimalepheretsa kupanga chinthu ichi.

Ndi kunenepa kwambiri, wodwalayo amawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi insulin. Izi zimadziwika chifukwa chakuti maselo sangalandire shuga. Kuchiza kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito Metamorphine.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonjezera, mavitamini apadera amatha kutumikiridwa ngati mankhwala, omwe angathandize kuti wodwalayo akhale bwino. Makamaka, mavitamini okhala ndi machitidwe a antioxidant amafunikira. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe monga Verwag Pharma, Doppelherz Asset, ndi Chiwopsezo cha shuga.

Insulin

Kutengera molondola kupangidwa kwa insulin, ndi mtundu 1 wa shuga, Mankhwala osokoneza bongo osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nyimbo zoterezi zimalowa m'malo mwa secretion ya basal yomwe imapezeka m'thupi tsiku lonse. Short insulin - kutsanzira zomwe zimachitika kapamba mpaka pakudya mafuta. Nthawi zambiri, mankhwalawa amachititsa anthu awiri osachiritsika komanso osachepera atatu.

Mlingo ungasiyane kutengera mphamvu ya zinthu zakunja. Ana mu nthawi yogwira ntchito amafuna insulin yochulukirapo, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwake kumachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kusintha mlingo pa nthawi ya pakati, monga kufunika kwa chinthucho mosiyanasiyana mosinthasintha.

Therapy insulin amawerengedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kudya, kuchita zolimbitsa thupi. Zimatengera kwambiri kuchuluka kwa shuga. Tsopano imagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi ndipo imawerengedwa kuti ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yodzitetezera ku shuga wambiri komanso zovuta.

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe

Ngati chiwonongeko cha maselo a pancreatic chikupita patsogolo, odwala ena amawonjezeranso njira zina zochiritsira zomwe zimathandizira kuchepetsa zizindikirazo ndikupeza zotsatira zabwino zamankhwala. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti simungathe kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina popanda kudzipangira dokotala kapena kusinthitsa insulin ndi mankhwalawa, chifukwa zovuta zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa moyo zingayambike.

Kuti muchepetse ntchito ya ziwalo zamkati, mutha kutenga ufa kuchokera ku acorns mu 1 1 tsp. pamaso chakudya chilichonse. Kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga, 50 ml ya ndimu yogwiritsa ntchito dzira limodzi ndi dzira la nkhuku.

Kutsatira ndi zakudya zapadera

Kuti mankhwalawa akhale othandiza, komanso mtundu wa matenda a shuga 1, muyenera kuwonjezera zakudya zapadera. Adafotokozedwa ndi adotolo omwe amapita, kutengera mtundu wa odwala. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kuwerengetsa moyenera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chimalowa mthupi ndi chakudya chilichonse. Pazomwezi, zinthu zonse zimalemedwa, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhala nazo zimatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi tebulo lamtengo wapatali la zopikazo. Kenako muyenera kutanthauzira zonsezi kukhala XE, ndiye kuti, zigawo za mkate. Mtundu woyamba wa shuga, ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Chimodzi mwa mikate yotereyi ndi magalamu 12 a mafuta abwino. Kutengera ndi zomwe zapezeka, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amawerengedwa. Kwenikweni, 1 XE imakhala ndi mayunitsi awiri a insulin.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kuti asankhe zakudya zamafuta ochepa kusiyapo zakudya zawo:

mbatata
buledi
maswiti
croup
zipatso zokhala ndi shuga.

Muyenera kukana zokhwasula-khwasuko ndikugawa chakudyacho m'magawo anayi. Onetsetsani kuti mumadya zakudya zama protein nthawi iliyonse. Zakudya zamtundu woyamba wa shuga zimayikidwa ndi adokotala okha, ndipo malingaliro omwe adalandiridwa akuyenera kutsatiridwa mosamalitsa, popeza kupatuka kulikonse kungayambitse kuwonjezeka kwa glucose komanso kuwonongeka m'moyo wabwino. Pulogalamu ya zakudya imapangidwa poganizira za kukhalapo kwa matenda obwera, zovuta ndi zina zambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, sikofunikira kwenikweni kufa ndi njala, popeza kuti jakisoni amadalira mwachindunji zakudya zatsiku ndi tsiku. Mukachepetsa chakudya kapena mumakana chakudya chonse, ndiye kuti simungathe kuwerengera muyeso wa insulin.

Ndi anthu angati omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe amakhala

Ndikosatheka kuchiritsa matendawa mpaka kalekale, ngakhale kuti njira zatsopano komanso zamakono zothandizira masiku ano zikupezekanso. Malo olimbikitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mapampu a insulin, omwe akukonzedwa mosalekeza. Amapereka chindapusa chabwino cha zinthuzi mthupi kuposa momwe amafotokozera.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kuchuluka kwa moyo wa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga sikwabwino kwambiri, chifukwa amuna amakhala ndi zaka pafupifupi 57, ndipo azimayi mpaka zaka 61, motsatira kwambiri malingaliro onse a adotolo. Nthawi zambiri, ana ndi achinyamata amafa ndi matendawa, omwe matendawa amapezeka ndi matendawa atayamba ketoacidosis ndi chikomokere. Munthu wachikulire, akamatha kuyendetsa bwino thanzi lake, zimawonjezera chiyembekezo cha moyo wawo.

Zovuta zotheka

Matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin ndi oopsa chifukwa matendawa amakula msanga, chifukwa chake thanzi la munthu limakula kwambiri. Ngati njira yodziwika bwino ya matenda, komanso kusintha kwadzidzidzi mu kuchuluka kwa shuga mwa wodwalayo, zovuta zotsatirazi zingachitike:

matenda ashuga angiopathy,
zigawenga
magazi osayenda bwino
wodwala matenda ashuga
matenda a mafupa
chiwindi
kunenepa kwa chiwindi.

Vuto lowopsa kwambiri ndi chikomokere. Zimabweretsa chiwopsezo kwambiri pamoyo wa wodwala ndipo zimatha kupha munthu popanda thandizo pa nthawi yake.

Njira zopewera

Pofuna kupewa matenda omwe amapezeka mwa akulu ndi ana, chitetezo chokwanira chimafunikira, makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa nalo. Njira zopewera izi:

moyo wokangalika
zakudya zoyenera
kusamalira nkhawa
Chithandizo cha panthawi yake matenda opatsirana komanso ma virus,
kulimbitsa chitetezo chokwanira.

Type 1abetes mellitus ndi matenda ovuta komanso owopsa omwe sangathe kuchiritsidwa, komabe, mothandizidwa moyenera komanso mosamala pazotsatira za adotolo, kufalikira kwamatenda kungachitike.

Kodi insulin imachokera kuti?

Zikondazo ndizoyenera kupatsa thupi insulin. Kapena, gawo laling'ono, lomwe limakhala ndi 1-2% ya buku lonse. Awa ndi omwe amatchedwa islets of Langerhans, akuchita endocrine ntchito.

Chilichonse mwa zisumbuzi zimakhala ndi maselo olimbitsa thupi. Pali ochepa a iwo - ma PC 80-200 okha. kupita ku chisumbu. Kuphatikiza apo, maselo ocheperawa omwe amagwira ntchito m'magawo amagawika m'mitundu inayi:

Maselo a Beta amakhala 85% ya yonse. Ndi omwe amapanga insulin.

Momwe ma insulin glucose awiri amagwirira ntchito

Kwa thupi lathu, shuga ndiye gwero lalikulu lamphamvu lofunikira kuti minyewa yake yonse ndi ziwalo zake zizigwira bwino ntchito. Mlingo wa shuga m'magazi uyenera kukhala wokhazikika - iyi ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zothandizira thupi lathu.

Koma munthu wathanzi saganizira kuchuluka kwa shuga yemwe "adapereka" kwa thupi panthawi ya chakudya. Kodi thupi limasunga bwanji nthawi zonse? Apa ndipomwe ma cell a beta amasewera.

Ngati shuga wambiri alowa m'magazi ndi chakudya, kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwa insulin. Zotsatira zake:

Zochita za shuga m'magazi zimatha,
Zowonjezera zomwe zimalandiridwa kuchokera kunja zimatumizidwa kwa zimakhala zodalira insulini - adipose, chiwindi, minofu - kutikirira.

Pamenepo, insulin imakhala ngati kondakitala kapena kiyi, yomwe imatsegula njira yolowera mu khungu la glucose.

Mthupi lathu mulinso tizinthu tina tosadalira insulin tomwe timatha kupangira shuga m'magazi mwachindunji: awa ndi minyewa yamitsempha. Ubongo ndi wake - ubongo ndi chingwe cha msana. Izi ndi zabwino komanso zoyipa: kumbali imodzi, mphamvu ya "kompyuta" yathu sizimadalira zolakwika mu kapamba, koma satetezedwa ku zotsatira zoyipa kapena kusowa kwa glucose.

Ngati kufunika kowonjezera mphamvu kwachuluka (mwakumana ndi kupsinjika, mwasankha kugwira ntchito kudziko kapena kupita kukayendera), glucose, yomwe pakali pano ili m'magazi, imayamba kudya. Malingana ndi momwe mlingo wake umagwera pansi pazovomerezeka, glucose synthesis amaphatikizidwa m'thupi:

Choyamba, glycogen imatumizidwa kukakonza - malo ake amasungidwa m'chiwindi.
Ngati sikokwanira, lipids ndi mapuloteni amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zomwe zimachitika ndi kuchepa kwa insulin

Ngati insulin yamkati siyipangidwe, palibe kiyi yomwe imayendetsa glucose m'maselo. Chakudya chilichonse chimapangitsa kuti shuga azingowonjezereka, koma zimakhala zodalira insulin sizingamupangitse. Maselo amayandama mumadzi otsekemera, koma osatha kuyamwa glucose - ndipo amatumiza chizindikiro cha SOS ku ubongo: "Tilibe mphamvu yamoyo."

Chiwindi chimalandira lamulo lofufuza glycogen, ndipo imatumiza glucose wophatikizidwa pafupipafupi. Izi zikatha, njira ya gluconeogeneis imayamba - mapuloteni ndi ma lipids amayamba.

Munthu amakhala ndi njala pa thupi, koma ngakhale adya zochuluka motani, kulemera kwake kudzatsika, chifukwa thupi lilibe mphamvu. Palibe zida zopangira mapuloteni ndi lipids.

Impso zikuyesetsa kukonza vutoli: zimayamba kukhathamiritsa shuga mkodzo. Kuchuluka kwamikodzo patsiku kukukula, munthu ali ndi ludzu, ndipo amamwa madzi mu malita - pamakhala zochitika zina pamene wodwala amamwa ndowa yokha usiku.

Ngati thupi silothandizidwa panthawiyi, mavuto azovuta amayamba kukula msanga.

Kodi insulin imapita kuti?

Insell -us yotengera shuga ya insulin imachitika pakuwonongeka kwa maselo a pancreatic beta. Pazifukwa zina, chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi (fuluwenza, rubella, paratyphoid, ndi zina), ma antibodies amawoneka mthupi loteteza chitetezo, lomwe minofu ya thupi limawonedwa ngati yachilendo. Amachita nawo ngati kuti ndi alendo - amangowawononga.

Kuphatikiza pa ma virus, mndandanda wa "omwe akuimbidwa mlandu" ukuphatikizapo:

Madzi akumwa oyeretsedwa kwambiri,
Kuperewera kwa kuyamwitsa,
Kuyamwa koyambirira kwa mwana mkaka wa ng'ombe.

Ma antibodies awa (autoimmune chikhomo) amatha kuwonekera kudzera pamayeso angapo a labotale. Ngati iwo kulibe, koma maselo a beta awonongedwa, matenda a shuga 1 amakhala oyenerera ngati idiopathic - ndiye kuti, akuchokera kuwonongeka kwa maselo achisamba pazifukwa zosadziwika.

Kwenikweni, kulephera kwa kagayidwe kachakudya kwakachitika kale, wodwalayo sasamala chifukwa chomwe adataya insulin. Ali ndi njira imodzi yotsalira: kukhazikitsa insulin yokonzekera ndikusinthira kuzinthu zatsopano.

Zizindikiro Za Zipatala

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga zimaphatikizapo:

Polyuria - kuchuluka kwa mkodzo wa tsiku ndi tsiku mpaka malita 3-10 wokhala ndi malita 1.8-2. Zizindikirozi ndizofala kwambiri. Mwina ngakhale bediwe,
Polydipsia ndi ludzu losatha: kuzimitsa kumafuna madzi ambiri - kuchokera malita 8 mpaka 10, ndipo nthawi zina zochulukirapo. Nthawi zambiri chizindikiro ichi chimatsatiridwa ndi kamwa yowuma,
Polyphagy - kudya zakudya zochuluka ndimaganizo osatha a njala ndi kuchepa kwa thupi,
Kusintha kosasintha kosasinthika: kuchepa kwake m'miyezi 2-3 kumatha kufika 10 kg,
Kugona, kutopa, kunachepetsa thupi komanso kugwira ntchito,
Kusowa tulo, chizungulire, kusakwiya komanso kusokonekera,
Khungu komanso minyewa yam'mimba imakuma nthawi zonse,
Tsamba limapezeka m'masaya ndi pachifuwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mitsempha yamagazi
Kupweteka kwa m'mendo, kukokana kwa minofu.

Koma Zizindikiro zonse pamwambapa siziri zifukwa zopezera matenda. Kuti mutsimikizire, ndikofunikira kuyesa mayeso a labotale:

Kagayidwe kazakudya: shuga m'magazi amatsimikizika katatu - pamimba yopanda kanthu, maola 1.5-2 mutatha kudya komanso musanagone,
Glycated hemoglobin,
Mafuta amkodzo
Protein metabolism (urea, creatinine, mapuloteni),
Lipid metabolism (cholesterol ndi ma ketoni),
Kusinthana kwa mahomoni.

Ndi mayeso a mahomoni, osati kuchuluka kwa insulin kokha, koma C-peptide imatsimikiza. Zotsirizirazo zimapangidwa chimodzimodzi monga insulin. Ngati wodwalayo akutenga kale mankhwala a insulini, kuchuluka kwa insulini mkati mwake kungathe kutsimikizika pogwiritsa ntchito C-peptide ngati akupangidwabe.

Momwe mungasinthire moyo wanu

Ngakhale mudakhala athanzi, sizinakuchitikireni kuti musamale ndi nthawi zambiri zofunika: mudadya zomwe mumakonda, ndipo momwe mungafunire, munathamangira kukaphunzitsira kapena kugudubuza pamasofa ndi buku - ambiri, simunamvetsetse kuti mumamasulidwa bwanji.

Mukazindikira mtundu wa matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba, muyenera kukhala olamulidwa kwambiri. Mokulira, zoletsa zoyenera sizingakhudze ufulu wanu, koma m'malingaliro ndizovuta kuvomereza. Chifukwa chake achichepere amapanduka, kuphwanya boma, nadzionetsa mopanda chidwi ndi matendawa.

Kulimbana ndi matenda ashuga motere ndi kopanda ntchito: kupambana sikungakhale kumbali yanu. Kutayika kwanu kuwonetsedwa m'mavuto osaneneka, chifukwa chake sichingakhale bwino "kupanga zibwenzi" ndi matendawa. Ndipo mukangochita izi, mtundu wanu wa moyo ukhalabe pamlingo wokwera.

Kulipira kagayidwe kazakudya,
Khazikitsani kagayidwe ka lipid,
Khalani ndi magazi abwinobwino.

Munthu wodwala matenda ashuga ali ndi "zida" zingapo zogwirira ntchito:

Mankhwala a insulin
Zakudya
Zochita zolimbitsa thupi
Chipangizo chodziyang'anira nokha (glucometer).

Onetsetsani kuti mwadutsa pasukulu ya odwala matenda ashuga: obwera kumene nthawi zonse amatayika akamva kufufuzidwa, chifukwa chake amafunika thandizo la akatswiri.

Mankhwala a insulin

Pofuna kutsata katizidwe kathu kabwino ka insulin, munthu wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuyambitsa mankhwala opanga:

Insulin yoyambira - katatu patsiku,
Bolus - asanadye chilichonse.

Ma insalins amatchedwanso kuti amakhala nthawi yayitali kapena amakhala nthawi yayitali. Ntchito yawo ndikuthandizira kuchuluka kwa shuga omwe chiwindi chimapanga. Pancreas wathanzi amatulutsa magawo 24-26 a insulin tsiku lililonse. Pafupifupi omwewo ayenera kulowa mankhwala osakhalitsa. Dokotala angakulimbikitseni mlingo.

Koma mutha kuchita kafukufuku pawokha:

Osamadya kwa maola asanu,
Muzipima shuga ola lililonse
Ngati kudumpha kwake kusaposa 1.5 mmol / l - mlingo umatsimikiza,
Shuga amachepetsa kapena kukwera - ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kapena kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulin yayitali.

Chitani zoyesa masiku angapo:

Tsiku loyamba, m'mawa.
Lachiwiri - pa nkhomaliro,
Lachitatu - madzulo.

Ndikofunika kuchita kafukufuku usiku. Muyenera kungoyambitsa maola 6 mukadya.

Mutha kutsimikizira kufunika koyesedwa poyesa shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu: ngati ndichulukirapo kapena mochepera 6.5 mmol / l - yambitsani phunzirolo.

Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuwerengera mlingo wa insulin. Zimatengera zinthu zingapo:

Mwazi wamagazi musanadye,
Kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta chomwe mwatsala pang'ono kudya
Zolinga zanu mutayang'anira insulin - kodi mungopuma, kuchita zamisala kapena mukugwira ntchito zolimbitsa thupi,
Nthawi yatsiku (la mkate 1 - tidzakambirana za pansipa - insulin yambiri imafunika m'mawa kuposa masana kapena madzulo),
Mkhalidwe wanu wathanzi (ngati mukuvutika ndi matenda amtundu wina, muyenera kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi 20-30%)

Kuwerengeka molondola kwa Mlingo wa insulin kutha kuyang'aniridwa ndi izi:

Kuthamanga shuga sikupitirira 6.5 mmol / L,
Maola awiri mutatha kudya, sayenera kukwera pamwamba pa 8.0 mmol / L.

Kwa odwala matenda ashuga oyamba, zomwe tazitchulazi zimadzutsa mafunso ambiri: mgonero ndi chiyani, ziwonetsero zathupi mthupi la shuga zimawonekera bwanji, nanga bwanji ngati mawerengeredwe alephera?

Mwachitsanzo, wodwala wolemera makilogalamu 75 mchaka choyamba cha matenda ashuga adzafunika mayunitsi 0,5 x 75 = 37,5 patsiku la insulin. Ndikovuta kugwira theka, motero timazungulira 38.

Mwa awa, 50% adzagawana gawo la insulin yowonjezera (10 mwa iwo - m'mawa, 9 - usiku), ndipo 19 yotsalayi adzagawidwa motere:

Magawo 8 - chakudya cham'mawa chisanachitike,
Magawo 6 - chakudya chamasana
Magawo asanu - asanadye.

Tsopano ikukonza menyu kuti ikhale ndi magawo omwe ali ndi buledi wokwanira kubwezera insulin. Poyamba, tiyeni tiwone kuti XE ndi chiyani - magawo a mkate, ndi momwe mungafotokozere zomwe mumadya.

Kodi gawo la mkate ndi chiyani (XE)

Chipinda cha mkate ndimtengo wokwanira ma gramu 10 a chakudya (kuphatikiza michere yazakudya).

Pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe chimakhala ndi chakudya. Mwa ena, kuchuluka kwawo ndikochepa kwambiri kotero kuti akawerengera insulin mlingo amatha kunyalanyazidwa. Gwero lalikulu lama chakudya ndi shuga, ufa, chimanga, zipatso, mbatata ndi maswiti - zakumwa zokhala ndi shuga, maswiti, chokoleti.

Koma pali chenjezo limodzi: omwe akupanga chikalata chofunikachi akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwera pa XE imodzi mwanjira yake yaiwisi. Mwachitsanzo, mkate umodzi umafanana ndi magalamu 15 a Buckwheat.

Zimakhalabe kuti mudziwe momwe mungalumikizitsire zonsezi ndi phala lomalizidwa? Kupatula apo, imatha kukhala yotentha kapena yowoneka bwino. Ndipo ndi maso simungadziwe kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri chomwe chimabwera ndi mbale pathupi lanu.

Poyamba, inu (kapena okondedwa anu) muyenera kulimbikira ndi kugwira ntchito yotsatirayi:

Gulani masikelo khitchini,
Pimani phala mosamala, ndikusintha kulemera kwake kukhala magawo a mkate,
Kulemba kuchuluka komwe mumatenga madzi ndi tirigu,
Ganizirani poto lomwe phala imaphika
Muziyesa ndi mbale yophika ndikuchotsera zolemera za poto yopanda kanthu kuchokera pamuyoyo,
Gawani zotsatila ndi manambala a mkate (onani ndime 2).

Tiyerekeze kuti mwaphika phala mu chiyezo cha 1: 4, ndipo kulemera kwa mkate umodzi kwamalizo kumakhala 60 magalamu. Tsopano yikani mbaleyo pamlingo ndikuwadzaza ndi chakudya: ikani 120 g - idyani 2 XE, onjezani gawo kukhala 180 g - pezani 3 XE.

Ngati mungakonze zonse zomwe mwachita papepala, ndipo simusintha kuchuluka, mtsogolomo muyenera kungoyesa kuchuluka kwa phala la phala lopanda phala.

Malinga ndi chiwembuchi, mutha kuwerengera molondola kulemera kwa XE imodzi yambale iliyonse. Madokotala ena a matenda ashuga amayesa kudziwa phindu ili ndi diso, zomwe zimabweretsa zotsatira zowawa: mwina hypoglycemia kapena hyperglycemia.

Kukonzekera katundu

Dziwani kuti zochitika zolimbitsa thupi zimasinthasintha kumva kwamisempha yodalira insulin. Thupi labwino nthawi ngati izi limachepetsa kutulutsira insulin ndi theka.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kulinganiza mosamala chilichonse chomwe amachita. Ngati akufuna kuonetsa thupi lake kuti azichita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa nthawi yayitali, ayenera kupeza kaye kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi panthawi yoyamba kuchitapo kanthu. Akadalemba:

4.5 mmol / l, ayenera kudya 1-4 XE musanayambe masewera olimbitsa thupi,
5-9 XE - ingowonjezerani 1-2 XE koyambirira, koma ola lililonse muyenera kudya mkate umodzi,
10-14 mmol / l - palibe chakudya.

Mavuto a Matenda A shuga a Type 1

Mavuto a shuga angathe kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:

Pachimake kuphatikiza zovuta zomwe zitha kupangitsa munthu kufa. Amakula msanga, ndipo thandizo la panthawi yake lokha ndi lomwe lingapulumutse odwala matenda ashuga. Izi zikuphatikiza:

Ketoacidosis: imachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa matupi a ketone (acetone) m'thupi,
Hypoglycemia: Kutsika kwamphamvu kwa shuga m'magazi. Cholinga chakugwa kotereku kumatha kukhala kuchuluka kwa insulin, mowa wamphamvu, kusisita, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ambiri, osalipidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya,
Hyperglycemia: shuga wambiri. Itha kuchitika pamimba yopanda kanthu - osaleka kudya nthawi yayitali, kapena mutatha kudya, ngati mankhwalawa a insulin sakufanana ndi kuchuluka kwamagulu omwe adyedwa.

Mavuto apambuyo pake akuphatikizapo:

Retinopathy, momwe retina imakhudzidwira, kukha kwa magazi kumachitika m'matumba, ndipo, chifukwa chake, kutayika.
Angiopathy - otchedwa kuphwanya kwa mtima kupindika,
Polyneuropathy - yomwe imawonetsedwa mu kuchepa kwa chidwi cha miyendo kuti itenthe, kuzizira komanso kupweteka. Choyamba, kumakhala kowoneka m'miyendo: kumveka bwino usiku - ichi ndi chizindikiro choyamba cha polyneuropathy,
Matendawa odwala matenda ashuga - chophatikizika, chomwe chimaphatikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe a purulent abscesses, zilonda zotseguka komanso malo osasakanika pamiyendo ya odwala matenda ashuga. Mapazi amafunikira kupatsidwa chisamaliro chapadera: ukhondo, kusankha nsapato zoyenera, kuvala masokosi omwe alibe mabatani ophatikizira, etc.

Mavuto osachiritsika osafunikira amaphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi, khungu ndi impso. Zilonda zam'mimba, kugunda kwa mtima, stroko, matenda amtima, komanso nephropathy ndi anzeru wamba.

Koma odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kumvetsetsa chinthu chimodzi chofunikira kwambiri: mu mphamvu yake yoyandikira kapena yochedwetsa nthawi yowonetsera zovuta izi. Ngati atenga nthenda yake mozama, ndiye kuti yofewa. Koma mukungofunika kugwedeza dzanja lanu ku regimen ndikuwongolera - ndipo mudzapeza zovuta zambiri mochedwa patangotha zaka zochepa pambuyo pa matenda ashuga.

Zomwe Zimayambitsa Imfa Yoyambirira ndi Matenda A shuga A Type 1

Hafu ya zaka zana zapitazo, kufa pakati pa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 m'zaka zoyambirira atazindikira kuti anali 35%. Lero latsika mpaka 10%. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa mankhwala a insulin abwino komanso okwera mtengo, komanso njira zina zochizira matendawa.

Koma ngakhale kupita patsogolo kwa zamankhwala, madokotala alephera kuthetsa chiyembekezo cha kufa koyambirira kwa mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga. Nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa zimapangitsa kuti wodwalayo azinyalanyaza matenda ake, kuphwanya zakudya nthawi zonse, mankhwala a jakisoni wa insulin ndi malangizo ena azachipatala.

Chinanso chomwe chimakhumudwitsa kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe wodwala amakhala ndi matenda amtundu woyamba ndi msinkhu wawung'ono kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, udindo wonse pazamankhwala ake wopindulitsa umangokhala ndi makolo okha.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kufa msanga kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba:

Ketoacidotic chikomwino mwa ana ashuga osaposa zaka 4,
Ketoacidosis ndi hypoglycemia mwa ana azaka 4 mpaka 15,
Kumwa pafupipafupi pakati pa odwala achikulire.

Matenda a shuga ana osakwanitsa zaka 4 amatha kuchitika kwambiri. Pazaka izi, maola ochepa okha ndiokwanira kuti shuga awonjezeke kukhala hyperglycemia, ndikatha kupweteka ketoacidotic.

Mwanjira imeneyi, mwana amakhala ndi asidi wambiri wa acetone m'magazi ndipo amataya madzi ambiri m'thupi. Ngakhale ndi chithandizo chanthawi yake, madokotala nthawi zonse sangathe kupulumutsa ana aang'ono omwe adwala ketoacidotic.

Ana a sukulu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba 1 nthawi zambiri amafa chifukwa cha hypoglycemia komanso ketoacidase. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri chifukwa chosasamala kwa odwala achichepere ku thanzi lawo chifukwa amatha kuphonya zizindikiro zoyambirira za kukula.

Mwana amatha kuposa anthu akuluakulu kuti adumire jakisoni wa insulin, yomwe ingayambitse kulumpha lakuthwa mu shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti ana azitsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa komanso maswiti okanira.

Ambiri odwala matenda ashuga ambiri amadya mwachinsinsi maswiti kapena ayisikilimu kuchokera kwa makolo awo popanda kusintha mtundu wa insulin, womwe ungayambitse kuphwanya kwa hypoglycemic kapena ketoacidotic.

Akuluakulu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1, zomwe zimayambitsa kufa koyambirira ndi zizolowezi zoyipa, makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito zakumwa zoledzeretsa pafupipafupi. Monga mukudziwa, mowa umaperekedwa kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndipo kumamwa pafupipafupi kumatha kukulitsa vutoli.

Mukamamwa mowa wodwala matenda ashuga, nyamayo imayamba kuwonedwa, kenako kutsika kwamphamvu kwa shuga m'magazi, komwe kumayambitsa vuto ngati hypoglycemia. Ngakhale akuledzera, wodwalayo sangathenso kusintha pakapita nthawi ndikuyimitsa matenda ena oopsa, omwe nthawi zambiri amayamba kumangomwalira.

Ndi angati omwe amakhala ndi matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba

Masiku ano, zaka zokhala ndi matenda amtundu woyamba zawonjezeka kwambiri ndipo patha zaka pafupifupi 30 chichitikireni matendawa. Chifukwa chake, munthu amene ali ndi matenda oopsaŵa amatha kukhala ndi zaka zopitilira 40.

Pafupifupi, anthu odwala matenda a shuga 1 amakhala zaka 50-60. Koma pokhapokha mukayang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi komanso kupewa kutulutsa zovuta, mutha kuwonjezera nthawi yayitali kukhala zaka 70-75. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zochitika pamene munthu wodwala matenda amtundu woyamba 1 amakhala ndi moyo woposa zaka 90.

Koma moyo wautali choncho siwofala kwambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Nthawi zambiri anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa amakhala moyo wocheperako kuposa womwe anthu ambiri amakhala nawo. Komanso, malinga ndi ziwerengero, azimayi amakhala ndi zaka 12 poyerekeza ndi anzawo athanzi, komanso amuna - zaka 20.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga umadziwika ndi chitukuko mwachangu ndi mawonekedwe owonetsedwa, omwe amalekanitsa ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga. Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga achinyamata amakhala ndi nthawi yofupikirapo kuposa odwala 2 a shuga.

Kuphatikiza apo, matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 nthawi zambiri amakhudza anthu okalamba komanso achikulire, pomwe matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga nthawi zambiri amakhudza ana ndi achinyamata ochepera zaka 30. Pachifukwa ichi, shuga ya achinyamata imabweretsa kumwalira kwa wodwalika ali ndi zaka zochepa kuposa matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin.

Zomwe zimafupikitsa moyo wa wodwala yemwe wapezeka ndi matenda amtundu woyamba 1:

Matenda a mtima. Mwazi waukulu wamagazi umakhudza makoma amitsempha yamagazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwonetsero cha mitsempha chamitsempha cha mtima komanso matenda a mtima. Zotsatira zake, odwala matenda ashuga ambiri amafa ndi vuto la mtima kapena stroke.
Kuwonongeka kwa zotumphukira za mtima. Kugonjetsedwa kwa capillary, ndipo pambuyo pa venous system ndiyo imakhala chifukwa chachikulu cha kusokonezeka kwa miyendo m'miyendo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zilonda zam'mimba zosachiritsika pamiyendo, komanso mtsogolo kutayika kwa miyendo.
Kulephera kwina. Masewera okwera a glucose komanso acetone mu mkodzo amawononga minofu ya impso ndikuyambitsa kulephera kwambiri kwaimpso. Ndili vuto la matenda ashuga awa lomwe layamba kukhala chifukwa chachikulu cha imfa pakati pa odwala zaka 40.
Kuwonongeka kwa chapakati ndi zotumphukira zamanjenje. Kuwonongeka kwa ulusi wamitsempha kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa miyendo, kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe, ndipo, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri, kulephera mu kayendedwe ka mtima. Kupsinjika kotereku kumapangitsa kuti wodwalayo amangidwe komanso kufa kwa wodwalayo.

Izi ndizofala kwambiri, koma sizomwe zimayambitsa kufa pakati pa odwala matenda ashuga. Type 1abetes mellitus ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa zovuta zonse mthupi la wodwala zomwe zitha kupangitsa kuti wodwalayo amwalire pakapita kanthawi. Chifukwa chake, matendawa ayenera kumwedwa mozama ndikuyamba kupewa kupewa zovuta zisanachitike.

Momwe mungatalikitsire moyo ndi matenda a shuga 1

Monga munthu wina aliyense, odwala matenda a shuga amalota kukhala ndi moyo wautali momwe angathere ndikukhala ndi moyo wokhazikika. Koma kodi ndizotheka kusintha chidziwitso choyipa cha matendawa ndikukulitsa moyo wa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kwa nthawi yayitali?

Zachidziwikire, inde, ndipo zilibe kanthu kuti ndi mtundu wanji wa matenda a shuga omwe amapezeka mwa wodwala - m'modzi kapena awiri, chiyembekezo chamoyo chitha kuchuluka. Koma chifukwa cha izi, wodwalayo ayenera kukwaniritsa chinthu chimodzi, mwachitsanzo, ayenera kusamala kwambiri ndi vuto lakelo.

Kupanda kutero, atha kudwala kwambiri ndikufa mkati mwa zaka 10 atatha kupezeka ndi matendawa. Pali njira zingapo zosavuta zomwe zingathandize kuteteza matenda ashuga kuti asamwalire ndikutalikitsa moyo wake kwa zaka zambiri:

Kupitiliza kosamala kwa shuga wamagazi ndi jakisoni wokhazikika wa insulin,
Kutsatira zakudya zosavuta za carb zopangidwa ndi zakudya zokhala ndi index yotsika ya glycemic. Komanso, odwala matenda a shuga ayenera kupewa zakudya zamafuta ndi zakudya, chifukwa kunenepa kwambiri kumachulukitsa matendawa.
Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi, komwe kumapangitsa kutentha kwa shuga m'magazi ndikusungitsa kulemera kwanthawi zonse kwa wodwalayo,
Kupatula kwapanthawi iliyonse yovuta pamoyo wa wodwalayo, chifukwa zomwe zimawachitikira m'maganizo zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga mthupi,
Kusamalira thupi mosamala, makamaka kumbuyo kwa mapazi. Izi zikuthandizira kupewa mapangidwe a zilonda zam'mimba (zambiri za mankhwalawa a zilonda zam'mimba),
Kuyesedwa pafupipafupi ndi dokotala, komwe kumathandizira kuti wodwalayo akuwonjezere vuto lakelo ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, sinthani njira yochizira.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga kumadalira wodwala iyemwini komanso momwe akuwonera mkhalidwe wake. Mukazindikira matendawa moyenera komanso chithandizo choyenera, mutha kukhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo mpaka kukalamba. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akuwuzani ngati mungathe kufa ndi matenda ashuga.