Kuchita zinthu mwachidule kwa odwala matenda ashuga

Insulin ndi mankhwala ena a antidiabetes. Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin m'thupi, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachepa, kutuluka kwake mkodzo kumachepa. Mlingo wa insulin umatengera kuopsa kwa matendawa. Chofunikira masiku onse ndi masentimita 0,25-0,5-1 / kg kwa mwana.

Makampani opanga zamankhwala amatulutsa kukonzekera kwa insulin yambiri - ma insulin aifupi komanso azikhala ndi nthawi yayitali. Dosed insulin m'mayunitsi (UNITS).

Ma insulin achidule ndi omveka. 1 ml muli 40 mayunitsi. M'mabotolo muli 5 ml, osachepera 10 ml.

Ma insulin osakhalitsa amakhala ndi mpweya, ayenera kugwedezeka asanagwiritse ntchito, botolo limakhala ndi 10 ml ndi 5 ml. Kunja amapanga insulin mu 1 ml - 40,80,100,500.

Malamulo a insulin

1. Insulinane insulin imayendetsedwa (ma insulin omwe amagwira ntchito mwachidule amatha kutumikiridwa kudzera m'mitsempha).

2. Makulidwe a tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala pakati pa zala (pamalo opangira jekeseni) ayenera kukhala osachepera 1 cm. Singano imayikidwa molunjika (pakona 90 °), kwa ana aang'ono pamakona pafupifupi 60 °.

3. Ndikofunikira kusintha mawebusayiti enanso. Namwino ayenera kudziwa mfundo 10 (pali zoposa 40 za iwo): kutsogolo kwa ntchafu, m'mimba, phewa, dera lothandizidwa, matako ndi zina. Insulin imalowetsedwa m'malo osiyanasiyana - ngodya za ngodya za patali kapena ya polygon.

4. Kuti mupeze jakisoni wotsekemera, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito syringe yapadera (mu 1 ml pali magawo 40 a U-40.

5. Asanayanjidwe, manyowa osakanizika ndi singano azitsuka, singano amatsukidwa ndi mandrin, ndipo ngakhale zosafunika zazing'ono za koloko m'madzi siziyenera kuloledwa kuwira mukamawira, chifukwa insulin imayamba m'malo a zamchere.

6. Mukadzaza syringe ndi insulin, amapeza mayunitsi 1-2 kuposa jekeseni, popeza pomwe mpweya umatulutsidwa ndipo jekeseni itatha, gawo la insulini limatayika (gawo limatsalira mu njira ndi singano).

7. Asanadzaze syringe ndi insulin yotalikilapo, vial iyenera kusakanikirana bwino ndi kayendedwe ka kuwala pakati pa manja, ndipo vial iyenera kukhala yolunjika. Gwedezani mwamphamvu.

8. Insulin ya jekeseni siyenera kuperekedwa pozizira. Ngati idachotsedwa mu firiji, ndikofunikira kuti ichokere ku kutentha kwa chipinda (20-22 ° C) kapena kuyitenthetsa mumadzi osamba (kutentha kwa madzi 50-60 ° C).

9. Musasakanikize insulin yayitali komanso yofupikitsa mwa syringe yomweyo. Ayenera kuperekedwa padera.

10. Musati mupeze insulin intramuscularly, popeza kutulutsa msanga m'misempha kungayambitse hypoglycemia.

11. Sikoyenera kupereka insulin yocheperako musanagone, chifukwa zizindikiro za hypoglycemia sizingaonekere kwa mwana wagona. Mosiyana, insulin yotalikilapo imayendetsedwa bwino usiku (asanagone), kuti nsonga yake imachitika m'mawa, osati usiku.

12. Pambuyo jakisoni wa insulin, mwana ayenera kudyetsedwa pambuyo pa mphindi 30 mpaka 40 ndi pambuyo pa maola awiri.

13. Namwino alibe ufulu, pa iye yekha, kusintha mlingo wa insulin.

14. Pewani jakisoni imodzi yayikulu ya insulin (pali kutsika kwamphamvu kwa shuga m'magazi - hypoglycemia).

15. Khungu lomwe limapakidwa jakisoni musanadye mowa, liyenera kuloledwa kuti liume, chifukwa mowa umalepheretsa insulini.

16. Osagwiritsa ntchito insulin yomwe yatha.

17. Mutha kusunga insulini pamtunda wofunda (osapitirira 25 ° C) kwa mwezi umodzi, koma pamalo amdima.

Posachedwa, ochulukirachulukira othandizira odwala matenda ashuga amagwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera pokonzera insulin - cholembera. Ichi ndi chida chosavuta, chosavuta kwambiri, chakunja chofanana ndi cholembera, kumapeto kwake kuli singano, mbali ina kukanikiza. Mkati mwa syringe iyi amaikamo thumba la insulin ndi singano yopyapyala, yokutidwa ndi chipewa chachiwiri, limavulala kumapeto kwa cholembera. Pali ma PIERESES a 150 a insulini mu zotheka chifukwa chake simuyenera kutenga insulini kuchokera mu botolo nthawi iliyonse ndi syringe yokhazikika, koma ingopangirani jakisoni mpaka amatha atatha ndi insulin, kenako akhoza kuikanso. Singano imalowedwa pambuyo pofunda jakisoni 10-12. Ma insulin omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makola a syringe safunika kusungidwa mufiriji. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira: cholembera chodzaza ndi insulin chitha kutengedwera limodzi ndi inu kusukulu, paulendo, kukacheza.

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Lingaliro la insulin yochepa

Insulin ikangoyambitsidwa, imasungunuka ndipo imasinthasintha mwachangu njira za metabolic zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuyamwa kwa shuga.

Mosiyana ndi mankhwala omwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali, amakhala ndi yankho loyera la mahomoni popanda zowonjezera zina. Kuchokera ku dzinalo ndizodziwikiratu kuti akatha kuyambitsa, amayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu, ndiye kuti, kwakanthawi kochepa amatsitsa shuga. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, amasiya kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kuposa mankhwala omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali pochita, monga momwe tikuwonera pachitsanzo chotsatira:

Kodi insulin yamtunduwu imalembedwa liti?

Zovala zazifupi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zokhazokha kapena kuphatikiza ndi mahomoni okhala ndi nthawi yayitali. Amaloledwa kulowa mpaka 6 pa tsiku. Nthawi zambiri, amawalemba ngati:

• njira yotsitsimutsa
• chosafunikira thupi insulin,
• othandizira opaleshoni
• zophulika
• matenda a shuga - ketoacidosis.

Kodi insulin yayifupi imagwira ntchito mpaka liti?

Ndi subcutaneous makonzedwe, mphamvu yayitali kwambiri ya mankhwalawa imawonedwa, yomwe imachitika pakadutsa mphindi 30 mpaka 40, nthawi yomwe chimbudzi cha chakudya chodyedwa chimachitika.

Mutatha kumwa mankhwalawa, nsonga ya insulin imatheka pambuyo pa maola awiri ndi atatu. Kutalika kumatengera mlingo womwe umaperekedwa:

• ngati ma 4 UNITS - 6 UNITS, nthawi yodziwika bwino ndi pafupifupi maola 5,
• ngati 16 mayunitsi kapena kupitilira apo, itha kufika maola 6-8.

Pambuyo pakutha kwa chochitikacho, mankhwalawa amachotsedwa m'thupi ndi mahomoni olimbana ndi mahomoni.

Mitundu ya insulin yofatsa

Pali zokonzekera zambiri za insulin zomwe zimakhalapo mwachidule, zomwe mankhwalawa omwe amapezeka pagome ndi otchuka kwambiri:

Zosindikizidwa zomwe zalembedwazo zimawoneka ngati zomangamanga pamtundu wa anthu, kupatula Monodar, womwe umatchedwa nkhumba. Amapezeka mu mawonekedwe a njira yosungunuka mumbale. Zonse zimapangidwa kuti athandize odwala matenda amtundu wa 1 komanso a 2 matenda ashuga. Nthawi zambiri zotchulidwa musanayambe mankhwala.

Mankhwala sanaperekedwe kwa azimayi oyembekezera komanso oyembekezera, chifukwa mtunduwu wa insulini sunalowe m'matumbo ndi mkaka wa m'mawere.

Ultra Yokhala-Mwachidule Insulin

Izi ndi zomwe zapangidwa posachedwapa mu pharmacology. Amasiyana ndi mitundu ina yonse monga momwe zimakhalira nthawi yomweyo, ndikupanga shuga m'magazi. Mankhwala odziwika bwino ndi awa:

Mankhwalawa ndi fanizo la munthu la munthu. Ndiwothandiza panthawi yomwe muyenera kudya, koma kuchuluka kwake sikudziwika, pakakhala zovuta kudziwa kuchuluka kwa insulin yokumba. Mutha kudya kaye, kenako kuwerengera ndi kumwa mankhwalawo. Popeza zochita za insulin ndizothamanga, chakudya sichikhala ndi nthawi yokwanira.

Insulin iyi ya ultrashort idapangidwa kuti izigwiritsidwa ntchito pamene anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amaswa zakudya zawo ndikudya maswiti ambiri kuposa omwe adalimbikitsa. Nthawi zambiri muzochitika zotere mumakhala kuchuluka kwambiri kwa shuga, komwe kumatha kubweretsanso thanzi. Kenako mankhwalawa atha kuthandiza. Nthawi zina, pomwe wodwala sangathe kudikirira kwa mphindi 40, ndikulakwira chakudyacho kale, inshuwaransi yamtunduwu ikhoza kuphatikizidwanso.

Insulin yotereyi sikuti imaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe amatsatira malamulo onse azakudya. Nthawi zambiri, ngati ambulansi yokha yolumphira shuga.

Sipakhudzidwa mu amayi apakati omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga. Amaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ngakhale pali toxosis ya mimba.

Phindu la ultrashort insulin ndikuti:

• muchepetse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi usiku, makamaka kumayambiriro kwa kutenga pakati,
• thandizirani kusintha matendawa msanga mwa mayi woyembekezera panthawi ya cesarean,
• kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zovuta mukatha kudya.

Mankhwalawa ndi othandiza kwambiri mwakuti amatha kusinthitsa shuga pakanthawi kochepa, pomwe mankhwalawa amathandizidwa pang'ono, omwe amathandiza kupewa zovuta zingapo.

Kutengera glycemia

Kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zimamwa

Mlingo umodzi wothandizirana ndi insulin mwachidule samangotengera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, komanso zakudya zomwe zimamwa. Chifukwa chake, pakuwerengera nkoyenera kuganizira mfundo zotsatirazi:

• Chiyeso cha chakudya chamoto ndi magawo a buledi (XE). Chifukwa chake, 1 XE = 10 g shuga,
• Pa XE iliyonse muyenera kulowa gawo limodzi la insulin. Kuti muwerengedwe molondola kwambiri, tanthauzo lake limagwiritsidwa ntchito - 1 unit ya insulin imachepetsa mahomoni ndi 2.0 mmol / l, ndi 1 XE ya chakudya chamafuta imakwera ku 2.0 mmol / l, kotero pa 0.28 mmol / l iliyonse yomwe imaposa 8, 25 mmol / l, 1 unit ya mankhwala imayendetsedwa,
• Ngati chakudyacho chilibe chakudya, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'magazi sikukwera.

Kuti kuwerengera kumakhala kosavuta, tikulimbikitsidwa kusunga zolemba motere:

Mawerengero Achitsanzo: Ngati mulingo wa glucose ndi 8 mmol / l musanadye, ndipo zakonzedwa kuti mudye 20 g ya chakudya chama carbohydrate kapena 2 XE (+4.4 mmol / l), ndiye kuti mutadya shuga mutha kufika pa 12,4, pomwe zizolowereka 6. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa magawo atatu a mankhwalawa kotero kuti index ya shuga igwere ku 6.4.

Mulingo woyenera wa osakwatira

Mlingo uliwonse wa insulin umasinthidwa ndi adotolo, koma sayenera kukhala apamwamba kuposa ma PIECES, omwe amawerengedwa pa kilogalamu imodzi ya kuchuluka kwake. Uwu ndiye mlingo waukulu.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kubweretsa zovuta.

Nthawi zambiri, dokotala amatsatira malamulo otsatirawa:

• Ngati matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba wangopezedwa kumene, muyezo wosaposa 0,5 / kg mankhwala.
• Ndikulipirira kwabwino chaka, mankhwalawa ndi 0.6 U / kg.
• Ngati kusakhazikika kumawonedwa mu mtundu 1 wa shuga, shuga amasinthasintha, ndiye kuti 0,7 U / kg amatengedwa.
• Ndi matenda a shuga ophatikizika, mlingo ndi 0.8 IU / kg.
• Ndi ketacidosis, 0,9 U / kg amatengedwa.
• Ngati pakati mu trimester yomaliza ndi mayunitsi 1.0 / kg.

Momwe mungabayitsire insulin yochepa? (kanema)

Mitundu yonse ya insulini nthawi zambiri imayendetsedwa chimodzimodzi asanadye. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musankhe madera amthupi la munthu pomwe mitsempha yayikulu ya magazi siyidutsa, pali ma amana amafuta ochepa.

Ndi makonzedwe a venous, zochita za insulin zidzakhala nthawi yomweyo, zosavomerezeka pamankhwala amasiku onse. Chifukwa chake, kuyamwa kwa mankhwalawa kumalimbikitsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mayendedwe a insulin ayambe kulowa m'magazi.

Mutha kusankha pamimba, koma osasuntha mkati mwa masentimita 6 kuchokera ku navel. Pamaso pa jekeseni, muyenera kutsuka malowa ndikusamba m'manja ndi sopo ndikuuma. Konzani chilichonse chomwe chikufunika munjira yake: syringe yotayidwa, botolo lokhala ndi mankhwala komanso pedi. Onetsetsani kuti mwamaliza bwanji!

Chotsatira, muyenera kutsatira malangizo awa:

1. Chotsani kapu ku syringe, ndikusiya kapu ya mphira.
2. Chitani ndi singano ndi mowa ndikuyika mosamala mu botolo ndi mankhwala.
3. Sonkhanitsani kuchuluka kwa insulin.
4. Tulutsani singano ndikutulutsa mpweya, kutsogoza wopondayo mpaka dontho la insulin lithe.
5. Ndi chala chachikulu ndi chofiyira, tengani kachikopa kakang'ono. Ngati subcutaneous mafuta wosanjikiza ndi wandiweyani, ndiye kuti timayambitsa singano pamakona madigiri 90, ndi yopyapyala - singano ndiyofunika kupendekeka pang'ono pakona madigiri 45. Kupanda kutero, jekeseni sangakhale wosinjirira, koma wamitsempha. Ngati wodwalayo alibe kulemera kwambiri, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito singano yopyapyala komanso yaying'ono.
6. Pang'onopang'ono komanso bwino insulin. Kuthamanga kuyenera kumayendera yunifolomu pakukonzekera.
7. Syringe ikapanda kanthu, chotsani singano yomweyo pansi pa khungu ndikumasula khola.
8. Ikani kapu yoteteza pa singano ya syringe ndikuitaya.

Simungathe kumangodandaula malo omwewo, ndipo mtunda kuchokera pa jakisoni wina kupita kwina uyenera kukhala wa masentimita awiri. Kupanda kutero, kuphatikizika kwamafuta kumatha kuchitika.

Kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumadalira kusankha malo. Mofulumira kuposa zonse, insulin imatengedwa kuchokera kukhoma lakutsogolo kwa m'mimba, kenako mapewa ndi matako, ndipo pambuyo pake kuchokera kutsogolo kwa ntchafu.

Ndikofunika kubayira m'mimba, kuti chochitikacho chichitike mwachangu akangodya.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri zamomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito kupatsa insulin, onani nkhani iyi kapena kanema wotsatira:

Pomaliza, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti simungathe kusankha nokha mankhwala osankha mwachidule, kusintha mlingo wake popanda mankhwala a dokotala. Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa, pamodzi ndi endocrinologist, dongosolo la kayendetsedwe kake malinga ndi regimen ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chimatengedwa. Ndikofunika kuti musinthe nthawi zonse jakisoni, sungani bwino mankhwalawo, onani masiku omwe atha. Ndipo pakusintha pang'ono komanso zovuta, funsani dokotala.

Mitundu ya insulin

Kukonzekera kwa insulin kumagawika m'magulu kutengera nthawi yomwe thupi likudwala. Pali mitundu isanu ya mankhwala - insulin yotsalira-yochepa, yochepa, yapakatikati, yopitilira (yowonjezereka) komanso yosakanikirana. Nthawi yomwe amagwira ntchito mthupi amasiyanasiyana ndipo amayambira ola limodzi mpaka maola 24. Mankhwala a ultrashort amayamba kuchita mphindi zochepa ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala 1 mpaka 3 maola, kukulitsa insulin pambuyo pa ola limodzi ndikupitilizabe kuchepetsa shuga kwa maola 24.

Kukonzekera kwa insulin kumasiyana mosiyanasiyana momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito. Ngati insulin yotalika imathandizira wodwala kukhalabe ndi shuga masana, ndiye kuti insulin yocheperako imatchulidwanso kuti insulin - imagwira thupi pakudya ndipo imalepheretsa kusintha kwa mafuta omwe amapezeka panthawi ya chakudya. Ultrashort insulin imapangidwira kuti azikulumpha mwadzidzidzi mu glucose, ngati ikufunika kuchepetsedwa mwachangu.

Kukonzekera kwapafupifupi insulin

Si ma insulin onse omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mwachidule omwe amatha kusinthana wina ndi mnzake. Amakhala ndi machitidwe awo pakuwonekera komanso momwe amapangira magazi komanso thanzi la wodwalayo. Chowonadi ndichakuti mitundu yonse yachangu yamankhwala imayamba kugwira ntchito pafupifupi mphindi 30 pambuyo pa kubayidwa. Amachepetsa kwambiri shuga. Kugwiritsa ntchito kuyambira maola atatu mpaka 8. Atalowa mkati mwa thupi, ndalamazi zimathiridwa ndi ma katekisimu, STH ndi mahomoni ena. Koma, ngakhale mankhwalawo atatha magazi, amapitilizabe m'maselo. Mayina a mankhwalawo ndi mafotokozedwe ake aperekedwa pansipa.

Mankhwalawa, malinga ndi malangizo, ndi analogue ya mahomoni achilengedwe omwe amapangidwa m'thupi la munthu. Pogwira ntchito, ndizothamanga kwambiri zazifupi. M'mafotokozedwe ena, mankhwalawa ndi a gulu la ma insulin a ultrashort. Mankhwalawa amayamba kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga pakatha mphindi 15 pambuyo pa kuperekedwa, koma zotsatira zake zimadutsa maola atatu.

Mankhwalawa amalembedwa motere:

• Type 2 shuga
• Kusagwirizana ndi kukonzekera kwa insulin ya mitundu ina,
• Kuchuluka kwa shuga nditatha kudya,
• Chitetezo chokwanira kapena kusalolera kwa mankhwala osapatsa insulin omwe amachepetsa shuga.
• Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amachititsa kuti munthu azikhala ndi matenda oopsa nthawi ya opaleshoni komanso ngati pali matenda ena.

Mlingo wa mankhwala ofotokozedwawo amawerengedwa ndi dokotala. Tengani mankhwalawa mu mawonekedwe a jakisoni subcutaneous, kudzera m'mitsempha, kudzera m'mitsempha. Ngati mankhwalawa apakidwa paokha, ndiye kuti wodwalayo amagwiritsa ntchito njira ina yoyambira. Mankhwalawa amalembedwa kuti ayang'anitsidwe musanadye ndipo izi ndizosiyana ndi ma insulin oyambira pang'ono.

Ngati kuwerengetsa kwa mankhwalawo sikulondola, hypoglycemia, hypoglycemic chikomokere, kuphatikizira kwamaso, kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwamafuta osakanikirana (lipodystrophy), ndi ziwopsezo zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chotsatira.

Actrapid NM

Insulin yofulumira imeneyi imachepetsa shuga mkati mwa ola limodzi pambuyo pa jekeseni ndikupanga mpaka maola 8. NM yoyambirira ya dzinalo ikuwonetsa kuti mankhwalawo ndi mahomoni amunthu wopangidwa ndi kupanga. Mankhwala wolembedwa:

• Ndi matenda a shuga a 2,
• Ndi chitetezo chokwanira cha kuchepetsa shuga m'magome,
• Panthawi ya opareshoni
• Pa nthawi yoyembekezera.

Actrapid amalembera zovuta zama metabolic chifukwa cha kusowa kwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni. Imayendetsedwa ndi chikomokere chifukwa chophwanya kwambiri kagayidwe kamkati. Komanso, mankhwalawo akuwonetsedwa kuti asalole mankhwala ochokera ku nyama.

Mankhwalawa amathandizidwa tsiku lililonse kuyambira katatu mpaka 6 maola 24. Ngati nthawi yomweyo wodwala amatenga mitundu ina ya mahomoni opanga, izi siziyenera kukhudza mlingo. Pokhapokha ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwa nyama, mlingowo ungathe kuchepetsedwa ndi 10%.

Contraindication ndi hypoglycemia ndi zotupa za kapamba zomwe zimapanga zinthu zamafuta.

Insuman Rapid

Mankhwalawa malinga ndi zomwe akuwonetsa komanso zomwe wachita ndi zofanana ndi zapita. Ndi insulin yothamanga. Kutalika kwa mphamvu yochepetsa glucose ndiko, mothandizidwa ndi mankhwalawa, mpaka maola 7. Mankhwalawa amapezeka mu mbale zama insulin ndi ma cartridgeges a syringe pens modzigwiritsa ntchito.

Mankhwala chikuyendetsedwera mphindi 20 asanadye chakudya. Insuman Rapid imayenda bwino ndi insulin yayitali, yomwe imakhala ndi mapuloteni ochepa-kulemera kwa protein.

Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi Insuman Rapid zili pafupi kwambiri ndi timadzi tofananira tokha. Amapezeka chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa E. coli.

Humulin Wokhazikika

Ichi ndi insulin yaumunthu, ya gulu la ICD, yopezeka ndi mainjiniering. Monga mahomoni ena amtunduwu, amapezeka kuti jekeseni ndi syringe ndi cholembera. Zingwe ziyenera kupakidwa m'mimba (m'deralo - 2 cm kuchokera ku navel), ntchafu kapena mkono wam'mwamba. Tsamba la jakisoni liyenera kusinthidwa. Kuyala pafupi ndi tsamba jekeseni lomwe silinakhalepo.

Zotsatira zoyipa za mahomoni osokoneza bongo kapena bongo wambiri:

• Kuchepa kwa shuga kwambiri
• Thupi lawo siligwirizana
• Kuchepetsa kwamphamvu mafuta ochepetsa.

Mlingo wa mankhwalawa amawerengedwa potengera thupi. Mankhwala amaloledwa kulowetsedwa mwa makanda.

Homorap 40

Ichi ndi mankhwala othandiza okhudzana ndi ma insulin afupiafupi. Zochita zake zimayambira mphindi 30 pambuyo pa kuperekedwa ndipo zimatha mpaka maola 8. Zochita za insulin iliyonse yayifupi zimadalira malo omwe akuwongolera, njira ya jakisoni, mlingo wowerengeka molondola komanso momwe munthu amvera ndi mankhwala a wodwala.

Mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu ngati munthu ali ndi vuto la wodwala kapena wamisala. Amamenyedwa panthawi ya opareshoni. Mankhwalawa ndi oyenera kuthandizira mwana ndi mayi wapakati.

Jekeseni amapatsidwa katatu patsiku. Pobayira, mapampu a insulini amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mutha kupanganso jakisoni polemba 1 syringe yokhala ndi insulin yayitali. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ndi kuphatikiza uku, mahomoni ofupikirapo amayikidwa mu syringe, kenako owonjezera.

Homorap 40 simuphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala onse. Mwachitsanzo, munthawi yomweyo ndimalandira mankhwala a beta-blockers, ndikofunikira kusintha kwa mankhwalawa ndikofunikira. Werengani malangizo mosamala.

Wamba zimatha insulin

Pazokonzekera zonse zomwe zimapangitsa kuti insulin ikonzekere, malamulo otsatirawa posungira ndi kusamutsa ndiwothandiza:

• Mbale zokhala ndi mankhwala ziyenera kutsekedwa. Ndikofunika kuwasunga pakhomo la firiji kuti lizizizirira koma osati kuzizira.
• Chipinda chofunda pansi pa madigiri 30, mahomoni ndi oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito osaposa mwezi umodzi. Kutentha kwambiri, sikungasungidwe.
• Mutha kunyamula katiriji ndi mankhwalawo muchikwama chanu, chikwama cha zodzikongoletsera, mthumba.
• Insulin yochepa, ndi wina aliyense, salekerera dzuwa mwachindunji. Kutentha kwambiri kumamuvulaza. Osasungira mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'galimoto yagalimoto yomwe yatsalira padzuwa.

Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuti mankhwalawa sioyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Njira yothetsera vutoli ndi mitambo
• Tsiku lotha ntchito lolemba pamapulawo latha kale,
• Mankhwalawo achita mazira, ndipo tsopano afungika.
• Malupu kapena ma flakes akuwonekera mu bubble,
• Botolo lidatsegulidwa ndipo lidali mwezi wopitilira.

Ngati wodwalayo agwirizana ndi malamulo onse osungirako ndi mayendedwe pamwambapa, mavuto omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mahomoni opanga sayenera kuwuka.

Kulimbitsa Thupi

Pomanga thupi, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa anabolic steroids. Zotsatira zake ndikuti glucose amasamutsidwa kupita ku minofu, chifukwa chake kukula kwakukulu kumachitika.

Mlingo wa omanga thupi amasankhidwa payekha ndi dokotala wamasewera. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo osakwanira kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri, chifukwa glucose amalowa osati minofu yokha, komanso mafuta ochulukirapo.

Njira yamachitidwe

Mthupi la munthu, magawo amtundu wa kapamba ndi omwe amapanga insulin. Popita nthawi, ma cell a beta samatha kugwira ntchito zawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi azikhala ndi shuga ambiri.

Insulin yochepa ikamalowa m'thupi, imayambitsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga azigwira. Izi zimathandiza kuti shuga asanduke shuga ndi mafuta. Komanso, mankhwalawa amathandizira kukhazikitsa mayamwidwe a shuga m'magazi a chiwindi.

Dziwani kuti mankhwala ngati amenewo mapiritsi sangabweretse mtundu uliwonse wa matenda ashuga 1. Poterepa, zigawo zomwe zimagwira zimagwera kwathunthu m'mimba. Pankhaniyi, jakisoni ndikofunikira.

Kuti musamavutike kuyendetsa ntchito ma syringes, ma syringes kapena mapampu a insulin amawaika. Insulin yofupikitsa imapangidwira zochizira matenda a shuga m'magawo oyamba.

Kodi insulin yochepa imatengedwa bwanji?

Kuti chithandizo cha insulin chochepa chikhale chothandiza momwe mungathere, malamulo ena ambiri ayenera kutsatira:

• Kupaka jakisoni ndikofunikira musanadye.
• Jekeseni imaperekedwa pakamwa pofuna kupewa.
• Kuti insulini imamwidwe wogawana, tsamba la jakisoni liyenera kutetezedwa kwa mphindi zingapo.
• Kumbukirani kuti kusankha kwa mankhwala omwe ali ndi ntchito kuyenera kuperekedwa ndi adokotala okha.

Mlingo uliwonse wa insulin yochepa uyenera kuwerengera aliyense payekhapayekha. Kuti muchite izi, odwala ayenera kudziwa bwino ulamuliro. Mlingo umodzi wa mankhwalawa amapangira chakudya, chomwe ndi chofanana mumtengo umodzi.

Yesaninso kutsatira malangizo awa:

1. Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikwabwinobwino, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwake kwa mankhwalawa kuti muchepetse kukhala zero. Mlingo wa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito umatengedwa kutengera kuchuluka kwa mikate yomwe amafunika kukonzedwa.
2. Ngati mulingo wambiri wa glucose ndiwokwera kwambiri kuposa wabwinobwino, ndiye kuti pa gawo lililonse la mkate pazikhala ma insulin awiri. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kulowa nawo musanadye.
3. Pa matenda opatsirana kapena pakutupa, mulingo wa insulin ukuwonjezeka ndi 10%. Mitundu ya insulin yochepa

Posachedwa, anthu adabayidwa pokhapokha ndi insulin yopanga, yomwe ili yofanana kwambiri ndi zochita za anthu. Ndiotsika mtengo kwambiri, motetezeka, sizoyambitsa mavuto. Ma hormone a nyama omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito kale - omwe amachokera m'magazi a ng'ombe kapena nkhumba.

Mwa anthu, nthawi zambiri ankayambitsa mavuto osiyanasiyana. Insulin yokhala ndi nthawi yochepa imapangidwira kuti imathandizira kupanga zachilengedwe pancreatic insulin. Pankhaniyi, munthu ayenera kudya chakudya chokwanira kuti asataye mtima kwambiri m'magazi.

Ndizosatheka kunena mosasamala kuti ndi insulin yochepa ndiyiti yabwino. Dokotala m'modzi yekha ndiye ayenera kusankha izi kapena mankhwalawa. Adzachita izi ataphunziridwa mozama. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuganizira zaka, jenda, kulemera, kuuma kwa matendawa.

Ubwino wakutsata insulini yochepa ndikuti umayamba kugwira ntchito mkati mwa mphindi 15-20 pambuyo pa kuperekedwa. Komabe, imagwira ntchito kwa maola angapo. Mankhwala odziwika bwino ndi Novorapid, Apidra, Humalag.

Insulin yogwira ntchito yayifupi imagwira ntchito kwa maola 6-8, zonse zimatengera wopanga ndi mlingo wa chinthu chomwe chikugwira. Yake kwambiri mumagazi amapezeka patatha maola 2-3 pambuyo pake.

Magulu otsatirawa a insulin ndi omwe amadziwika:

• Umisiri wa Majini - Rinsulin, Actrapid, Humulin,
• Zopanga - Biogulin, Humodar,
• Monocomponent - Monosuinsulin, Actrapid.

Ndizosatheka kunena mosasamala kuti ndi insulin yochepa ndiyiti yabwino. Mankhwala ena ayenera kuperekedwa mwa njira iliyonse ndi dokotala. Komanso, onse ali ndi Mlingo wosiyanasiyana, kutalika kwa zochita, zoyipa ndi zoyipa.

Ngati mukufunika kusakaniza ma insulin osiyanasiyana nthawi, muyenera kusankha mankhwala kuchokera kwa omwewo. Chifukwa chake zidzakhala zothandiza kwambiri ngati zikugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi. Musaiwale kudya utatha mankhwala kuteteza chitukuko cha matenda ashuga.

Mlingo ndi makonzedwe

Nthawi zambiri, insulin imapangidwira kukonzekera kwa ntchafu, ntchafu, kutsogolo, kapena pamimba. Nthawi zina, makonzedwe a intramuscular kapena intravenous amasonyezedwa. Odziwika kwambiri ndi makatiriji apadera, omwe amatha kulowa nawo mankhwalawo.

Jakisoni wotsekemera uyenera kuchitika kwa theka la ola kapena ola limodzi asanadye. Popewa kuvulaza khungu, tsamba la jakisoni limasinthasintha. Mukatha kubaya, pukuta khungu lanu kuti lifulumire njira yoyendetsera.

Yesetsani kuchita chilichonse mosamala kuti zoteteza zisalowe m'mitsempha yamagazi. Izi zimabweretsa kumverera kowawa kwambiri. Ngati ndi kotheka, insulini yocheperako imatha kusakanikirana ndi mahomoni ofananawo. Pankhaniyi, kuchuluka kwa jekeseni ndi kapangidwe kake ka majakisidwe kuyenera kusankhidwa ndi adokotala.

Akuluakulu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amatenga magawo 8 mpaka 24 a insulin tsiku lililonse. Pankhaniyi, mlingo umatsimikiziridwa malinga ndi chakudya. Anthu omwe ali ndi Hypersensitive kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu, kapena ana sangatenge zosaposa ma Uniti 8 patsiku.

Ngati thupi lanu silikuwona bwino timadzi tambiri, ndiye kuti mutha kumwa mankhwala ambiri. Kumbukirani kuti kusuntha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku sikuyenera kupitirira 40 Misonkhano patsiku. Pafupipafupi kugwiritsa ntchito pamenepa maulendo 800, koma ngati kuchepetsedwa ndi insulin yayitali - pafupifupi 3.

Ngati munthu wakhala akutenga insulin yocheperako kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo pakali pano pakufunika kuti amusinthe kuti amuchiritse ndi mahomoni ofananawo a nthawi yayitali, amatumizidwa kuchipatala. Kusintha konse kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi ogwira ntchito pachipatala.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti zochitika ngati izi zimatha kupangitsa kuti acidosis ikhale ndi matenda osokoneza bongo kapena matenda ashuga. Njira zoterezi ndizowopsa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto laimpso kapena chiwindi.

Malamulo a kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Insulin yochepa pakapangidwe kake monga mankhwala ili pafupifupi chimodzimodzi ndi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi thupi la munthu. Chifukwa cha izi, mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri samayambitsa matupi awo sagwirizana. Nthawi zina, anthu amamva kuyabwa ndikusokonekera pamalo opangira jakisoni wa chinthucho.

Akatswiri ambiri amalimbikitsa kubaya insulin m'mimba. Chifukwa chake amayamba kuchita zinthu mwachangu kwambiri, ndipo mwayi wolowa m'magazi kapena mitsempha ndizochepa kwambiri. Kumbukirani kuti pambuyo pa mphindi 20 pambuyo pa jakisoni muyenera kudya kanthu kena kokoma.

Ola limodzi pambuyo jakisoni ayenera kukhala chakudya chokwanira. Kupanda kutero, mwayi wokhala ndi vuto la hypoglycemic ndiwambiri. Munthu amene amapatsidwa insulin ayenera kudya bwino komanso mokwanira. Zakudya zake ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi zakudya zomanga thupi zomwe zimadyedwa ndi masamba kapena chimanga.

Ngati mutadzibaya insulini kwambiri, palinso chiopsezo chokhala ndi vuto la hypoglycemic motsutsana ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa ndende yamagazi.

Mutha kuzindikira kukula kwazomwe zikuwonetsedwa:

• Njala yayikulu
• Kusanza ndi kusanza
• Kuzunguzika
• Mdima m'maso
• Chisokonezo
• Kuchulukitsa thukuta
• Zosangalatsa pamtima
• Kumverera kwa nkhawa komanso kusakwiya.

Ngati mukuwona kuti muli ndi vuto limodzi la insulin yocheperako, muyenera kumwa nthawi yomweyo tiyi wotsekemera momwe mungathere. Zizindikiro zikafooka, gwiritsani ntchito gawo lalikulu la mapuloteni ndi chakudya. Mukachira pang'ono mudzasowa kugona.

Zolemba zogwiritsira ntchito

Kumbukirani kuti kugwiritsa ntchito insulin posakhalitsa pamafunika kutsatira malamulo ena.

1. Muyenera kusunga mankhwalawo mufiriji, koma osati mufiriji,
2. Mbale zotseguka sizisungidwa,
3. M'mabokosi apadera ndizovomerezeka kusunga insulin yotseguka kwa masiku 30,
4. Ndi zoletsedwa kusiya insulini padzuwa lotseguka,
5. Osasakaniza mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala ena.

Musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa, onetsetsani ngati madzi abwera, ngati madziwo akhala akuthambo. Komanso nthawi zonse muziyang'anira kutsatira malo osungira, komanso tsiku lotha ntchito. Izi zokha ndizomwe zithandiza kusunga moyo ndi thanzi la odwala, komanso sizingalole kukula kwazovuta zilizonse.

Ngati pali zoyipa zilizonse chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito, muyenera kufunsa dokotala, chifukwa kukana kugwiritsa ntchito insulin kungayambitse zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri.

Nthawi zambiri, insulin yochepa imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga thupi. Zimawonjezera magwiridwe antchito ndi kupirira kwa munthu, komanso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuuma. Mwa zabwino zosakayikira za mankhwalawa, zitha kudziwika kuti palibe kuyesa kamodzi komwe kumatha kudziwa chinthu ichi m'magazi - chimasungunuka ndikulowa kapamba.

Dziwani kuti ndizoletsedwa kudzipereka nokha mankhwalawa, izi zimatha kubweretsa zotsatirapo zovuta, monga kuwonongeka m'moyo wabwino kapena kufa. Anthu omwe amamwa insulin amayenera kupereka magazi pafupipafupi kuti aziyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Udindo wa insulin ndi malamulo ena onse

Insulin - mahomoni opangira omwe mwa thanzi anthu kapamba amayiwa. Prerogative yake ndi malamulo a kagayidwe kazinthu kagayidwe kachakudya kagayidwe ka magazi ndi magazi.

1. Mlingo wa insulin (yochepa kapena ya nthawi yayitali) nthawi zonse umaperekedwa kwa mphindi 25-30 asanadye.

2. Chofunikira - ukhondo manja (kuchapa ndi sopo) ndi malo jakisoni (pukuta ndi chinyontho, nsalu yoyera).

3. Kuchulukitsa kwa insulin mthupi kumasiyana, kutengera malo omwe adasankhidwa. Insulin yomasulidwa yotetemera imalowetsedwa m'chiuno ndi matako. Wobwera mwachangu insulin m'mimba.

4. Popewa kupanga zisindikizo, ndikofunikira kusintha majekesenikupatsa minofu nthawi kuti achire.

5. Kuchita insulin kwa nthawi yayitali kumakhala kosakanikirana, mosiyana ndi mankhwala othamanga, omwe safunikira kusakanikirana konse.

6. Simungasakanize ma insulin a zochita zosiyanasiyana - pali chiopsezo chachikulu cha cholakwika.

Malamulo posungira mankhwalawa

Kukonzekera kwa insulin kumasungidwa mufiriji, koma botolo lomwe layamba kale litha kusungidwa kutentha. Poganizira kuti kutentha komwe kumayandikira kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa kuyamwa kwa insulini, mankhwala omwe amasungidwa mufiriji amayenera kutengedwa kuchokera nthawi yomweyo kuti kutentha kuwerengedwa kuli kofanana ndi omwe ali m'chipindacho. Pesi yotenthetsera yofunda yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pobayira jakisoni imathandizira pang'onopang'ono ndi theka, ndipo kuyamwa kwa kukonzekera kozizira kumachepetsa ndi 50%.

Kodi mlingo amawerengedwa bwanji?

Posachedwa matenda a shuga - mayunitsi 0,5 pa kilogalamu ya thupi.

Matenda a shuga a I (ndimalipiritsa chaka chimodzi kapena kuposerapo) - 0,6 PISCES / kg.

Matenda a shuga a I degree (chindapusa chosakhazikika) - 0,7 PISCES / kg.

Matenda a shuga - 0,8 U / kg.

Shuga wovuta ndi ketoacidosis - 0,9 U / kg.

Matenda a shuga mu trimester yachitatu ya mimba - 1.0 mayunitsi / kg.

Kutalika kwakukulu kwa jakisoni wamodzi ndi magawo 40, mlingo wa tsiku lililonse ndi magawo 70-80.

Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa Mlingo wa usana ndi usiku ndi 2 mpaka 1.

Makulidwe a insulin

Kukonzekera kwa jekeseni

• Konzani mankhwalawo pasadakhale ndikuwachotsa mufiriji.
• Sambani manja.
• Ikani singano ndi magawo ofunikira mu cholembera.
• Onetsetsani kuti palibe mpweya womwe umalowa mu syringe, apo ayi pamakhala chiopsezo chobweretsa mlingo wosakwanira.
• Pukuta malo a jakisoni ndi nsalu yoyera komanso yonyowa. Ngati mowa umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu izi, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kudikirira kutuluka kwake kwathunthu, chifukwa mowa umawononga insulin.

Kusintha kwa jakisoni wa insulin

Momwe mungayendetsere insulin? Nthawi zambiri subcutaneous (kupatula padera pokhapokha ngati akufunika mu mnofu kapena m'mitsempha). Kuti muchite izi, cholembera cholozera ndi zala zakumanzere zimapangidwa. Kukhazikika kwa kulowa kwa singano, kupatula kuphatikiza kwa mankhwalawa m'misempha, - 45 madigiri.

Tulutsani pang'onopang'ono bokosi la cartridge pamankhwala - makonzedwe awa amatsitsa kukhudzika kwachilengedwe kwa mahomoni m'magazi ndikutsimikiza bwino. Ndikofunika kutsatira njira yosasinthika yoyendetsera insulini kulosera kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe.

Pambuyo poyambitsa batani la syringe kukanikizidwa njira yonse, mutha kumasula khungu ndikutulutsira singano kutalika kwake ndikuigwira, kuwerenga mpaka khumi. Pambuyo pake chitani kwathunthu. Osamasula batani loyambira mpaka singano itachotsedwa kwathunthu. Dontho la magazi, nthawi zina limawoneka pamalo operekera jakisoni, ndikokwanira kupindika kwa masekondi angapo ndi chala chanu.

Webusayiti iliyonse yotsatira iyenera kusankhidwa osachepera 2 cm kuchokera kumbuyomu. Sikulimbikitsidwa kupaka insulin pazisindikizo - chifukwa mankhwalawo samamwa bwino.