Matenda a shuga: zimayambitsa ndi zizindikiro, mankhwalawa

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa. Komabe, amuna ndi akazi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti sizikuwaopseza, ndipo amakana kuyesedwa pachaka ka shuga. Chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga chikuwonjezereka ndi ukalamba. Chifukwa chake, abambo ndi amayi atatha zaka 60 ayenera kukhala atcheru makamaka ndi thanzi lawo komanso kudziwa momwe mulingo wama shuga. Ndipo kuti mukhale otsimikiza kuti palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa, muyenera kudziwa zazomwe zikuwonetseredwa.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatengera zinthu zina. Kuti mupeze cholinga, mayeso a labotale ndi ofunika. Nthawi zambiri, magazi amachotsedwa pachala kuti adziwe shuga. Kusanthula kumachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Ngati ndi kotheka, dokotala atha kuyitanitsa kuyezetsa mukatha kudya. Nthawi zina magazi a venous amatengedwa kuti akayesedwe. Nthawi zambiri, kusanthula kumakonzekera m'mawa kuyambira 9 mpaka 11 maola. Pankhaniyi, chakudya chotsiriza chimaloledwa maola 10-12 njira isanachitike. Zotsatira zake zimayerekezedwa ndi deta yomwe ili patebulo lapadera.

Kunyumba, shuga amatha kuyeza pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer. Komabe, pankhaniyi, taganizirani zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa zotsatira. Ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti zingwe zoyeserera zimakhala ndi moyo wabwino wa alumali ndipo zimasungidwa moyenera. Mukamayesedwa, onetsetsani kuti chubu la mita lidatsekeka kwathunthu. Kupanda kutero, zotsatira za mankhwala zomwe zingayambitse zimasokoneza zotsatira.

Zomwe zimayambitsa pansipa zingakhudzenso shuga.

  • Kuvulala kwamtundu wam'mimba (kupindika, zotupa) ndi zotupa mu ubongo.
  • Mavuto a chiwindi ndi impso.
  • Kulephera mu adrenal gland, chithokomiro England ndi pituitary gland.
  • Kutupa ndi njira za oncological mu kapamba.
  • Kukonda kwambiri komanso maswiti.
  • Kupsinjika.
  • Zakumwa zoledzeretsa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, psychotropic ndi mapiritsi ogona.

Glycemia imatha kuwonjezera mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi. Komabe, masewera olimbitsa thupi osavuta omwe amachitika pafupipafupi, m'malo mwake, amabwezera shuga kwazomwe zimathandiza kupewa mavuto ambiri azaumoyo.

Njira zabwino zopezera shuga wamagazi ndimayeso ololera a glucose. Amadziwika ndi kuchita bwino komanso kudalirika. Kuyesedwa kotere kumayendetsedwa kwa odwala omwe nthawi zambiri amawonetsa shuga wokwera mumkodzo, zizindikiro zonse za matenda a shuga zimawonekera, koma kuyesa kwa magazi ndi mkodzo ndikwabwinobwino, kulemera kwa kubadwa kunali kopitilira 4 kg ndipo pali odwala ashuga m'banjamo. Kuyesedwa kumachitika motere: kusanthula, munthu amatenga shuga wa 75 g m'madzi, ndipo atatha maola awiri amapereka magazi.

Miyezo ya akazi pambuyo pa zaka 60

Kuti muchite bwino, thupi limafunikira kuchuluka kwa glucose. Akuluakulu, shuga ndi 3.3-5,5 mmol / L. Mwa azimayi atatha zaka 60, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakhala kukwera pang'ono, m'malo osiyanasiyana a 4.1-6.2 mmol / L, ndipo patatha zaka 90 - 4.5-6.9 mmol / L.

Poganizira zodabwitsa za thupi la mkazi, kupatuka m'mwamba kapena pansi ndikololedwa. Muyeneranso kudziwa kuti izi ndizabwinobwino ngati misempha ya shuga imayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono ndi zaka. Koma shuga ataposa 8.0 mmol / L kukwera, kuyezetsa kofunikira ndikofunikira, chifukwa izi zimatha kukhala chizindikiro cha kukula kwa matenda ashuga.

Mankhwala kwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 60

Mwa amuna, shuga wofalikira pambuyo pa zaka 60 ndi: 5.5-6.0 mmol / L pamimba yopanda kanthu, 6.2-7.7 mmol / L ola limodzi mutatha kudya, 6.2-7.2 mmol / L pambuyo maola awiri mutatha kudya, 4.4-6.2 mmol / l maola 5 mutatha kudya.

Amuna opitirira 56 ndiofunikira makamaka kuwunika thanzi lawo. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti ndi nthawi imeneyi yomwe shuga wamwamuna imayamba nthawi zambiri. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti prediabetes imatha kuwoneka mwanjira iliyonse, koma pang'onopang'ono imayamba kukhala matenda.

Zizindikiro za High shuga

Kuchulukitsa kwa shuga kumayambitsa zovuta m'thupi: makoma amitsempha yamagazi amakhala ofooka, kagayidwe kazinthu kamphamvu, ndipo thanzi lonse limakulirakulira. Mwa amuna ndi akazi pambuyo pa zaka 60 zakubadwa ndi shuga wambiri m'magazi, zizindikiritso zambiri zimadziwika.

  • Mumamva ludzu komanso khungu louma.
  • Kuchulukitsa pokodza (chifukwa chakumwa pafupipafupi ndikusokosera kwa makhoma a chikhodzodzo ndi "mkodzo wokoma").
  • Kutopa, kugona komanso kufooka.
  • Kusintha kwathanzi mu impso ndi chiwindi.
  • Kukula kwa magazi. Zotsatira zake, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumasokonekera, ma magazi amawoneka m'mitsempha yamagazi, maselo amalandila michere yocheperako, mafomu otupa, ndipo mabala amachira pang'onopang'ono.
  • Kusokonezeka kwa ubongo chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa oxygen.

Ngati zizindikilo zotere zapezeka, ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu: werengani za shuga wamagazi ndikuchezera endocrinologist.

Momwe mungachepetse mitengo yayitali

Ngati zotsatira za phunzirolo zikuwonetsa shuga wambiri, izi sizoyambitsa mantha. Koma kunyalanyaza zotsatira za kusanthula sikofunikira. Kupanda kutero, kusintha kosasinthika kumayamba m'thupi, komwe kumatha kubweretsa imfa.

Pambuyo pa zaka 60, abambo ndi amayi amakhala ndi kuchepa kwa kagayidwe. Chifukwa chake, kuti muchepetse vuto la glycemia, muyenera kusamala makamaka ndi zakudya komanso moyo. Zakudya zotsika mtengo zamatumbo zikuyamba kutchuka. Zimakuthandizani kuti muchepetse shuga wamagazi, muchotse kulemera kambiri ndikuyambitsa kagayidwe. Kuchiritsa msuzi ndi ma infusions sikulinso kothandiza. Musanagwiritse ntchito, onetsetsani kuti mwawonana ndi dokotala ndipo musamayeserere.

Chitani zolimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse ngati lamulo. Kuti muyambe, ingoyendani. Ngati mungafune, mulembetse ku gulu la azaumoyo, komwe makalasi adzachitikira moyang'aniridwa ndi katswiri. Kambiranani zakuya kwawo komanso kuchuluka kwawo ndi dokotala.

Musakane kukonzekera ma pharmacological omwe cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa magazi. Mankhwala amakono azithandizira mofulumira komanso popanda zotsatirapo zake kukhazikitsa bata.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa amuna ndi akazi pambuyo pa zaka 60 ndikwakukweza pang'ono poyerekeza ndi zaka zazing'ono. Komabe, zoyesa zasayansi zapachaka za glycemia ziyenera kuchitika. Pokhapokha ngati mungathe kuzindikira matenda ashuga kumayambiriro ndikuchitapo kanthu panthawi yake.

Mitundu ya Matenda A shuga

Pali gulu la anthu odwala matenda ashuga, kutengera zomwe zimawonedwa. Malinga ndi izi, njira zamankhwala zimasankhidwa ndipo wothandizirana wodwala amatsimikiza.

  1. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga umapezeka kwambiri pakati pa ana ndi achinyamata.
  2. Mtundu 2 wa shuga wosadalira insulini umayamba kukula mwa odwala opitilira zaka 40, nthawi zambiri chifukwa chake ndi onenepa kwambiri. Matenda amtunduwu amatengedwa ngatiofala kwambiri.
  3. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda.
  4. Matenda a shuga, omwe amapezeka mwa azimayi panthawi yomwe amakhala ndi mwana.
  5. Matenda chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi.

Ndi matenda amtundu 1, kapamba amasokonezeka, chifukwa chake pali kuperewera kwenikweni kwa insulin. Matenda a Type 2 amaphatikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa insulin, chifukwa chake wodwalayo amakhala pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga.

Kuti mukhalebe wabwinobwino mu moyo wonse, ngakhale muli ndi matendawa, munthu ayenera kudziwa chilichonse chokhudza matenda ashuga.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa

Type 1 shuga mellitus imayamba chifukwa cha kusachita bwino kwa chitetezo chathupi ndikuyambitsa njira ya autoimmune, chifukwa chomwe thupi limayamba kupanga ma antibodies motsutsana ndi ma cell a pancreatic ndikuwawononga.

Vutoli limayambitsa matenda a rubella, pox, hepatitis, mumps limatha kudzetsa matendawa, pomwe munthu, monga lamulo, ali ndi chibadwa cha matendawo.

Ngati timalankhula za matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, zimawoneka motsutsana ndi maziko onenepa kwambiri komanso kudziwika kuti tili ndi chibadwa.

  • Ngati mukunenepa kwambiri, mwayi wokhala ndi matendawa umachulukitsa ka 2-10, kutengera kuchuluka kwa kunenepa kwambiri. Zizindikiro za matenda amtundu wa 2 zimayendera limodzi ndi mawonekedwe amafuta m'mimba.
  • Ngati wachibale wina ali ndi matenda ashuga, chiopsezo cha nthendayi chimayamba kuchuluka 2-6.

Kukula kwa shuga osadalira insulini kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, Zizindikiro sizitchulidwa pang'ono kuposa matenda a mtundu 1.

Zomwe zimayambitsa shuga yachiwiri zimaphatikizapo:

  1. Matenda a kapamba
  2. Matenda a mahomoni
  3. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
  4. Olakwika insulin zolandilira
  5. Kukhalapo kwa majini syndromes.

Nthawi yapakati, azimayi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda a shuga, omwe amathanso kukulitsa shuga. Popewa zovuta, adokotala amatha kukupatsirani mankhwala otetezeka, komanso zakudya zothandizanso.

Zonse Zokhudza Matenda A shuga

Mosiyana ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin, omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1, matendawa amapezeka msanga komanso mosayembekezereka. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa glucose m'thupi, kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zamkati kumasokonezeka, komanso kudziunjikira kwa zinthu zoopsa zomwe zimawonedwanso.

Matenda amtundu uliwonse amakhala ndi zotsatirazi:

  • Wodwala amamva ludzu kwambiri
  • Kuyang'ana kumachitika pafupipafupi,
  • Kuuma kumamveka pamkamwa,
  • Pali kufooka thupi ndi minofu yonse.
  • Ikulitsa kudya,
  • Khungu loyera limawonekera
  • Kugona
  • Mwamuna amatopa msanga
  • Mabala samachiritsa bwino
  • Wodwalayo amachepetsa kwambiri thupi, kapena, mosiyana, akulemera msanga.

Kuti adziwe matendawa, kuyezetsa magazi ndi kuyesa kwa magazi kumayesedwa, mkodzo umayesedwa kuti mumve zambiri za acetone, fundus imayesedwa, kuchuluka kwa zovuta zam'mitsempha komanso kuwonongeka kwa myocardial kumayesedwa, kuyezetsa magazi ndi ziwalo zamkati mwa munthu kumachitika. Wodwalayo ayenera kuyesedwa ndi endocrinologist, cardiologist, neurologist, ophthalmologist, opaleshoni.

Ngati matendawa sanachiritsidwe pakapita nthawi, mavuto ena obwera amayamba m'magazi a mtima, matenda amitsempha ya m'matumbo, matenda ashuga retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, diabetes.

Popewa izi, njira yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa sikuyenera kungochizira, komanso kuyeretsa thupi la poizoni. Pankhaniyi, adotolo amatipatsa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, zakudya zapadera zochiritsira, maphunziro olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse. Kuphatikizika konse kwa masewera achire a odwala matenda ashuga kumatha kuwoneka pa chithunzi ndi kanema.

Kodi glucose ndi chiyani?

Glucose ndiye chinthu chachikulu chogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero lamphamvu yama cell ndi minofu.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudyetsa ubongo m'nthawi yake. Panthawi yochepa shuga, pofuna kuti ziwalo zizigwira bwino, mafuta amawotchedwa.

Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwawo, matupi a ketone amawoneka, omwe mwa kupezeka kwawo amabweretsa mavuto ambiri mthupi la munthu, makamaka ubongo wake.

Kudya ndiyo njira yayikulu yobweretsera chinthu ichi mthupi. Imakhalanso m'chiwindi ngati chakudya - glycogen. Thupi likamafunika glycogen, timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi tambiri timene timayambitsa kusintha kwa glycogen kukhala glucose.

Kupenda

Mwa munthu, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumadalira kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe imapangidwa komanso zaka. Kuphatikiza apo, momwe maselo a thupi amawonera insulin.

Glucagon ndi mahomoni omwe amathandizira kukhazikika kwa shuga wamagazi.

Kukula kwa mahomoni ndi mahomoni okula omwe amayendetsa kagayidwe kazachilengedwe. Vutoli limachulukitsa shuga, limodzinso ndi insulin. Homoni yolimbitsa thupi ya chithokomiro imaphatikizidwa mu chithokomiro cha chithokomiro ndipo imathandizira njira zama metabolic.

Dexamethasone ndi glucocorticosteroid timadzi timene timayendetsedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mahomoniwa amawonjezera shuga kuchokera ku chiwindi kupita magazi. Cortisol ndi mahomoni omwe amawongolera kagayidwe kazachilengedwe. Chifukwa cha zomwe amachita, kaphatikizidwe ka glucose m'chiwindi kamakulanso.

Adrenaline amapangidwa ndi adrenal gland, imathandizira glycogenolysis ndi gluconeogeneis. Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 60 kudzatithandizanso kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe atchulidwa, chifukwa chake, madokotala amalangizira, kuwonjezera pa maphunziro a glucose, kuyesa mayeso a mahomoni awa nawonso.

Mwazi umatengedwanso pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Ntchito wamba

Kuzindikira matenda ashuga ndi prediabetes, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumayerekezedwa ndi chizolowezi chokhazikitsidwa.

Amuna ambiri atatha zaka 60 zakubadwa amakhala ndi shuga kuposa zomwe zimachitika. Madokotala pang'onopang'ono adachepetsa masheya am'mwamba otetezeka pambuyo pa maola asanu ndi atatu pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Miyezo ya shuga yamagazi mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 60 mmol / l:

  • pamimba yopanda kanthu 4.4-55, mmol / l,
  • mawola awiri atatha kumeza shuga, 6.2 mmol / l,
  • prediabetes: 6.9 - 7.7 mmol / L.

Madokotala amazindikira matenda ashuga ngati shuga amaposa bar 7.7 mmol / L.

Mulingo wa shuga wamagazi mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 60, malinga ndi thanzi lawo:

  • m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu: 5.5-6.0 mmol / l,
  • Mphindi 60 mutadya nkhomaliro: 6.2-7.7 mmol / L,
  • pambuyo pa mphindi 120: 6.2-6.78 mmol / l,
  • pambuyo maola 5: 4.4-6.2 mmol / L.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti chizolowezi cha shuga m'magazi pambuyo pa zaka 60 ndi mkati mwa 3.8 -, 8 mmol / l. Kuyerekezera zizindikiro ndi mfundozo kuthandizira patebulopo, zomwe zikuwonetsa zofunika malinga ndi jenda komanso zaka.

Amuna okalamba ayenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti atsimikizire kuti shuga ndi yokhazikika m'malo otetezeka komanso kupewa malo omwe izi zimaperekedwa. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwunika momwe zinthu zakhalira patatha zaka 56-57.

Ngati mukukayika, kuyesedwako kumabwerezedwanso. Matenda a shuga sangawonekere mwanjira iliyonse, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala opweteka kwambiri. Kudziwika kwa hemoglobin ya glycated kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga tsiku ndi tsiku kwa miyezi ingapo.

Shuga amakhudzidwanso ndi:

  1. matenda a impso
  2. kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin
  3. lipids.

Kufunika kodziwonetsa kuti umaperekanso mwayi wophunzira kukula kwa shuga m'magazi.

Mawonekedwe a shuga

Madokotala ati kuchuluka kwa glucose wamwamuna kuyenera kukhala kosiyanitsa ndi 3.5-5,5 mmol / L.

Ngati chizindikirocho ndichoposa 6.1 mmol / l, ichi ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zikuwonetsa matenda a shuga kapena boma la prediabetes.

Zizindikiro za matendawa ndi:

  • kusweka kosalekeza
  • kufooka
  • kusowa chitetezo chokwanira
  • migraine wachilengedwe wosadziwika,
  • kuwonda
  • kumva pafupipafupi kwa ludzu lalikulu
  • kulakalaka kwamphamvu
  • kamwa yowuma
  • kukodza pafupipafupi
  • khungu losakwanira,
  • kuyabwa, nthawi zambiri m'chigawo cha inguinal,
  • furunculosis.

Ngati zizindikiro zomwe zalembedwazo zapezeka, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kuzipenda mwachangu. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mawonekedwe omwe amawonekera mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 55-56, monga lamulo, amatanthauza hyperglycemia. Nthawi zambiri, atasanthula bambo, adokotala amapeza matenda a shuga.

Kafukufuku wa Laborator

Glycemia imayesedwa ndi glucometer pophunzira magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha ndi chala. Kusiyanako, pafupifupi, kuli 12%. Pansi pa zolemba zasayansi, zisonyezozo zidzakhala zolondola kuposa momwe dontho la magazi likhala.

Nthawi zambiri chipangizochi chimawonetsa zinthu zochepa, ndipo ngati shuga m'magazi a munthu ndiwonjezereka, ndiye kuti kuwunika kwa labotale kungatsutse kapena kutsimikizira chizindikiro chomwe chinapezedwa kale.

Kuphunzira kwa kulekerera kwa glucose ndiko kutsimikiza kwa mulingo wamalingaliro amtundu wa insulin, ndiko kuti, kuthekera kwa maselo kuzindikira. Kupenda koyamba kumatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, pambuyo pake munthu amamwa 75 g shuga pambuyo pa mphindi 120 ndikuwonjezera magazi.

Phunziroli limachitika kokha pamimba yopanda kanthu. Zakudya zilizonse zimakhala ndi chakudya chamagulu angapo omwe amalowa m'magazi kudzera m'matumbo. Mukatha kudya, mulimonse, glucose imakulitsidwa.

Ndikofunikira kuti pafupifupi maola asanu ndi atatu azitha kudya. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi yayitali imakhala yochepa kuposa maola 14 mutadya. Zida, nthawi zambiri, zimachotsedwa pachala.

Momwe mungachepetse shuga wamkulu

Ngati bambo akukayikira zolondola za zotsatira zakusaka, ndikofunikira kudziwitsa dokotala yemwe akupezekapo pankhaniyi. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuopsa kwa mankhwala omwe mumalandira, chifukwa matendawa amakula msanga, zimakhala zovuta kuchira pambuyo pake.

Kuchulukana kumatha kuyambitsa kupatuka kwachilengedwe. Izi zimayambitsa matenda ang'onoang'ono, omwe nthawi zambiri amadziwika mu shuga.

Ngati mumanyalanyaza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndiye kuti patadutsa nthawi inayake, zotsatira zoyipa za thupi kapena kusintha kwathunthu mu thupi zitha kuchitika, mwachitsanzo, kuwonongeka kwathunthu kwa masomphenya mu matenda a shuga. Kusintha kotereku sikuchitika mchaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, koma ngati sikuyimitsidwa, kulumala sikungasinthe.

Ngati mkhalidwe wabwinobwino glucose wopangidwa m'thupi ukasinthidwa mphamvu ndikupanga mphamvu, ndiye kuti zochulukazo zimabweretsa mavuto akulu kwa anthu. Pankhaniyi, shuga amayamba kukhala triglyceride, amadziunjikira monga ma deposits am'mafuta ndipo odwala matenda ashuga akuwonjezeka kwambiri.

Ngati pali shuga wambiri, amakhazikika m'magazi, kuletsa kuchiritsidwa kwa khungu ndikupangitsa magazi kukhala amisempha komanso okhuthala. Pankhaniyi, atherosulinotic zolembera mawonekedwe.

Pakatha zaka 50, kukalamba kwa thupi mwa amuna kumathandizira, chifukwa chake kufalikira kwa glucose owonjezera m'magazi kumachitika nthawi zambiri. Amakumana ndi mapuloteni othandizira, motero amachititsa kuphwanya njira ya glyceration. Zotsatira zake, pamakhala kutupa kwakutali ndi kudziunjikira kwa ma free radicals m'magazi.

Mafuta ochulukirapo angayambitse:

  1. matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha glycemia,
  2. Kuchepetsa maonedwe chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kapena kuwonongeka kwa retina,
  3. Kutupa kwa mitsempha ndi mitsempha,
  4. kusokonekera kwa endothelial,
  5. kuchuluka kwa acid bwino,
  6. kutupa
  7. kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa maulere omasuka.

Pang'onopang'ono amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa magazi oyenda. Chifukwa chake, mavuto ena ambiri amakula.

Pali njira zingapo zochepetsera kutsika kwa shuga:

  • mankhwala
  • mankhwala achikhalidwe
  • mankhwala azitsamba
  • mankhwala a insulin.

Matenda osiyanasiyana osokoneza bongo komanso zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga, zomwe zimayenera kukhazikika, zimathandizira shuga.

Ndizothandizanso kugwiritsa ntchito infusions yochiritsa kuchokera ku muzu wa plantain ndi burdock, komanso masamba a bay ndi mabulosi.

Madzi a m'magazi amathandizidwanso ngati mumachita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi. Popeza mwasankha kusewera masewera, muyenera kufunsa dokotala za kukula kwakufunika komanso kuphunzitsidwa kwanu pafupipafupi. Pambuyo pa zaka 60, muyenera kuwunika kwambiri momwe mtima wamtima ulili komanso kupewa kuchuluka kwambiri.

Katswiri kuchokera pa kanema munkhaniyi akamba za kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Malangizo a shuga mthupi la munthu

Shuga, monga chakudya china chilichonse, kuti thupi lonse lathule liyenera kusinthidwa kukhala glucose, glucose, fructose. Chifukwa cha izi, michere yapadera imapangidwa, imagwirizanitsidwa ndi mawu akuti sucrose kapena glucosyl hydrolase.

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito shuga ndi minyewa imayang'aniridwa ndi glands ya endocrine. Zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga zosavuta m'maselo ndi minofu zimapangidwa ndi mahomoni: insulin, thyrotropin, cortisol, adrenaline, triiodothyronine ndi thyroxine.

Mlingo wa shuga wamagazi mwa amuna ndi akazi umachirikizidwa kwambiri ndi insulin ya mahomoni yomwe amasungidwa ndi maselo a pancreatic. Limagwirira ntchito yake imakhazikika pakuwonjezera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa shuga kwa maselo. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma insulin receptors kumayambitsa zochitika mkati mwa cell zomwe zimayendetsa mapuloteni am'mimba otulutsa glucose m'maselo.

Glucose ndiyofunikira kuti zinthu zamoyo zizichita machitidwe ofunikira, chifukwa zimatipatsa mphamvu ngati zinthu zambiri zimasintha. Zovuta kwambiri kuzindikira pakusintha kwa glucose m'magazi ndi minyewa yaubongo, komanso machitidwe amanjenje komanso amtima.

Mndandanda wa muyezo wamagulu a shuga mwa abambo

Malingaliro (abwinobwino) a shuga am'magazi amatengera njira ya labotale yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso malo osungirako zotsalira (chala kapena mtsempha), komanso zaka za wodwalayo. Gome limawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga poyesa magazi kwa amuna kuyambira chala ndi mtsempha pamimba yopanda kanthu, poganizira zaka.

M'badwo wa munthu Chikhalidwe cha mtsempha, mmol / l Chikhalidwe cha chala, mmol / l
Osakwana zaka 142,5 – 4,52,3 – 3,9
Kuyambira zaka 14 mpaka 203 – 5,52,5 – 4
Kuyambira azaka 20 mpaka 503,5 – 6,53 – 5,5
Patatha zaka 504 – 6,93,5 – 6,5

Mchitidwe wamagulu a shuga mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 40 sayenera kupitirira 6.5 mmol / l, pomwe zopatuka zazing'ono zimagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a kudya komanso kumwa mowa kapena kusuta fodya.

Kuyang'aniridwa kwapadera kuyenera kulipidwa kwa chisonyezo pambuyo pa zaka 50. Chifukwa chake, chikhalidwe chovomerezeka cha shuga m'magazi pambuyo pa zaka 50 ziyenera kusamalidwa pafupipafupi, ndipo ndikupatuka khola, muyenera kufunsa katswiri (ngakhale pakalibe zizindikiro za matenda).

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwa akazi ndikofanana ndi deta yomwe imaperekedwa kwa odwala amuna.

Kodi muyenera kuyesedwa liti?

Kutsimikiza kwa shuga m'magazi mwa amuna ndi akazi kungafotokozeredwe ndi katswiri wazachipatala, gynecologist, endocrinologist kapena gastroenterologist ngati akukayikira kupatuka kwa gawo kuchokera ku chizolowezi.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magulu amuna ndi akazi kumayesedwa ndi:

  • muyezo kudziletsa odwala
  • Zizindikiro za wodwala,
  • mkhalidwe womangika wa hyper- (owonjezera) ndi hypoglycemia (kuchepa). Kafukufuku wazofufuza amatha kusungidwa musanadye kapena mukatha kudya, muzovuta - nthawi iliyonse,
  • kusiyanasiyana matenda a shuga mellitus kuphatikiza mayeso kulolerana shuga. Kuti apange matenda omaliza, phunziroli limabwerezedwa kawiri nthawi zosiyanasiyana za tsiku,
  • kuyang'anira tsiku ndi tsiku anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la shuga. Izi ndizofunikira kusintha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ndi jakisoni wa insulin,
  • kufunika kopatula matenda ashuga - kuwonjezeka kwakanthawi kwa shuga amayi omwe ali ndi pakati. Pakakhala chithandizo chakanthawi, matenda a shuga angayambitse kutenga pakati, kuwonongeka kwa minyewa ya mitsempha ndi ziwalo zamkati za mwana wosabadwa, kuperewera msanga, gestosis yayikulu mwa mayi wapakati, hypoglycemia wakhanda, etc.

Zizindikiro zakuchulukanso kwamasamba osavuta m'magazi: kukodza pafupipafupi, ludzu lalikulu, kuchepa kwakumaso, kutopa, kugona, kusachita bwino, kubwerezabwereza kwa matenda opatsirana, khungu lowuma komanso loyenda, ma mucous membranes.

Zizindikiro zakuchepetsa shuga ndi izi:

  1. thukuta kwambiri
  2. kulakalaka kwambiri
  3. kusazindikira kwa chikumbumtima
  4. mavuto amisala
  5. kuchuluka kwa mantha
  6. nkhawa komanso kuwona kwamaso
  7. kusanja m'mlengalenga,
  8. kukomoka, etc.

Njira Zakufufuzira Ma labotale

Glucometer ndi chipangizo choyezera kuchuluka kwa shuga. Ubwino wake ndikuti munthu amatha kugwiritsa ntchito pawokha. Magazi ochepa a capillary amaikidwa pazida zapadera zoyeserera mu chipangizocho. Kenako chizindikirocho chimayeza. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kulondola kwa chipangizocho kumadalira mtundu wake ndi moyo. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti nthawi ndi nthawi muziunika kulondola kwa zinthu zomwe zapezeka kuchokera ku mita yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba.

Pantchito yantchito yantchito, njira ya hexokinase imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukhazikitsa zochitika ziwiri zotsatizana:

  • kugawa kwa mamolekyulu a shuga kukhala ofanana kwa glucose-6-phosphate,
  • Kutanthauzira kwa enzymatic kwa mamolekyulu omwe amapezeka ku 6-phosphogluconate.

NADH imamasulidwa pakachitika zinthu, pamlingo wopanga womwe ndiwowonekera pamlingo wa 340 nm. Ichi ndi chidziwitso chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi kuti muwone mtundu wa chitsimikizo chomwe chikufunsidwa mu biomaterial yomwe mwaphunzira.

Malinga ndi malamulo amakono komanso njira zodziwira matenda, ndi mayeso a hexokinase omwe amadziwika kuti ndi njira yodalirika komanso yodalirika.

Kodi chingapangitse kuti magazi abwere kumwamuna ndi chiyani?

Choyambitsa matenda ambiri ndi shuga. Zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwachilendo kwa minofu ya kapamba ndipo, monga chotulukapo, chinsinsi chosakwanira cha insulin kapena kupangika kwa kulekerera kwa maselo aumunthu ku zotsatira za mahomoni.

Matenda a kapamba amachititsanso hyperglycemia: kapamba kapena khansa. Mwa izi, kuwonongeka kwa maselo a pancreatic obisalira insulin kumawonedwa.

Ndizotheka kuti chotsatira chabodza chitha kupezeka mukamamwa mankhwala. Chifukwa chake, magulu ena a mankhwala a psychotropic ndi mahomoni, komanso ma diuretics amachititsa kuti shuga azikhala mwa ziwalo zamunthu ndi ziwalo.

Kupitilira muyeso wa shuga mu kuyezetsa magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha kapena chala mu zotsatira za kufufuza kwa labotale kumapezeka ngati malamulo okonzekeretsa munthu wosonkhanitsa biomaterial sanawonedwe. Kutengeka kotengeka mtima kosiyanasiyana pamavuto osiyanasiyana, kupezeka kwa ma concomitant pathologies (kugunda kwaposachedwa kapena vuto la mtima), kutopa kwakuthupi kumayambitsa kukwera kwakanthawi kwamapazi a shuga.

Komanso, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumatha kuwonjezeka ndi cystic fibrosis, zotupa za adrenal, mumps zowonongeka ndi pancreatic, thyrotoxicosis, acromegaly, etc.

Kuti mupeze zotsatira zopitilira mtengo wake, kuwunikira mobwerezabwereza kumachitika. Kawiri kupeza zambiri zomwe zili ndi chifukwa chachikulu chokhalira ndi mayeso okhudzana ndi matenda a shuga: kudziwa zomwe zili ndi insulin, hemoglobin wa glycated ndi peptide yomanga m'magazi.

Zimayambitsa hypoglycemia, pamene kuchuluka kwa shuga kumachepa kwambiri:

  • kukulitsa kwa benign pancreatic neoplasms, kubisala mosasamala kwa insulin yambiri,
  • kuchuluka kwa jakisoni wa insulin,
  • kutopa ndi nthawi yayitali yanjala,
  • Matenda a Addison
  • matenda a chiwindi,
  • fibrosarcoma,
  • kumwa mankhwala a anabolic steroid ndi acetaminophen.

Malangizo posunga nthawi yayitali

Kusiyanitsa kochepa pamakhalidwe oyenera kumabwezeretseka mwa kukonza zakudya za amuna. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse zakudya zamafuta ambiri. Zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba kapena nyama ndi mapuloteni a masamba. Pazakudya samachotsedwa konse:

  • mowa
  • msuzi
  • nyama ya pasitala ndi ophika buledi,
  • maswiti
  • zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi.

Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga okhazikika, amasankhidwa zakudya zapadera poganizira mtundu wake komanso kuuma kwa matendawa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti m'malo mwa shuga mukhale ndi zotsekemera zapadera: sucracite kapena saccharin, komabe, mlingo wovomerezeka umatsimikiziridwa ndi adokotala okha.

Ndikofunikira osati zomwe munthu amadya, komanso kudya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi okwanira. Sikokwanira kungosintha kadyedwe, muyenera kusamala kwambiri ndi zamasewera, pomwe pali shuga wambiri.

Kuzindikiritsa kwachiwiri kwa matenda a shuga m'magazi osagwirizana ndi momwe masinthidwe amthupi am'mimba amafunikira kusankha kwa chithandizo chamankhwala onse. Ngati pakufunika kuchotsa kapamba, wodwalayo amamutsatira mankhwala omwe amakhala ndi insulin.

Zotsatira zofunikira

Mwachidule, mfundo zofunika zitsimikizike:

  • kukula kwa umboni womwe umaganiziridwa m'magazi a munthu kutengera zaka, mankhwalawa omwe amamwa komanso kupezeka kwa ma pathologies ophatikizidwa,
  • kuwongolera kukula kwa labotale kuwonetsa zizindikiro zoyambirira za hyperglycemia kapena matenda a shuga, omwe amachepetsa kwambiri zoopsa za zovuta ndi zovuta,
  • kuyezetsa magazi kwa gawo limodzi sikokwanira pakuzindikira kotsiriza. Mayeso owonjezera a labotale amachitidwa kuti adziwe mahomoni ndi mapuloteni,
  • kubwereranso kwazomwe zili zofunikira ndikusintha kwa thanzi la wodwala komanso zolimbitsa thupi, komabe, matenda a shuga akapezeka, kufunika kwa jakisoni wa insulini sikumachotsedwa,
  • Kuyesedwa mobwerezabwereza komwe kumachitika nthawi zosiyanasiyana mu labotale yofananayi ndikosafunikira kwenikweni kuti mudziwe zowona.

Julia Martynovich (Peshkova)

Omaliza maphunziro, mu 2014 adachita maphunziro apamwamba ku Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education ku Orenburg State University ndi digiri ya Microbiology. Omaliza maphunziro a digiri yoyamba FSBEI HE Orenburg State Agrarian University.

Mu 2015 Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis of the Ural Nthambi ya Russian Academy of Science inachita maphunziro apadera pansi pa pulogalamu yowonjezera yaukadaulo "Bacteriology".

Laureate mpikisano wa All-Russian pantchito yabwino yasayansi mukutchedwa "Biological Sayansi" wa 2017.

Kusiya Ndemanga Yanu