Matenda a shuga ndi XE: kuwerengera komanso chilolezo cha tsiku ndi tsiku

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudzidziwe bwino ndi zomwe zalembedwa kuti: "Momwe mungawerengere matenda ashuga patsiku" ndi ndemanga zochokera kwa akatswiri. Ngati mukufuna kufunsa funso kapena kulemba ndemanga, mutha kuchita izi pansipa, nkhaniyo itatha. Katswiri wathu wamtundu wa endoprinologist adzakuyankhirani.

Kodi magawo a buledi ndi a shuga ndi ati? Matepi ndi kuwerengera

Magawo a mkate wa matenda ashuga a 2, tebulo la magawo a buledi - zonsezi ndi malingaliro odziwika bwino kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Tipenda mwachidule ndipo ife.

Matenda a shuga ndi kuphwanya njira za kagayidwe kazakudya (protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism) mthupi la munthu wokhala ndi glycemia wokwera (magazi glucose). Mu shuga, kusamutsa glucose (chinthu chosweka cha chakudya chamagulu) ndi amino acid (zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapuloteni asungidwe) ndizovuta.

Mitundu yayikulu ya matenda ashuga ndi mtundu woyamba wa II ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga, womwe umadziwika kuti mtundu 1 wa matenda ashuga ndi mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga. Ndi T1DM, pancreatic hormone secretion ya insulini imalephera; ndi T2DM (pankhaniyi), insulin imalephera.

Mawu akale akuti "odalira insulin" komanso "matenda a insulin-odziimira" a World Health Organisation adaganiza kuti asagwiritsenso ntchito chifukwa chosiyana mu kapangidwe ka chitukuko cha izi matenda awiri osiyana ndikuwonetsera kwawo payekha, komanso kuti panthawi inayake m'moyo wa wodwala, kusintha kuchokera ku fomu yodalira insulini kupita ku fomu yodalira insulini komanso kuyendetsedwedwa kwa jakisoni wa timadzi timeneti timene timachitika.

Milandu ya kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kazakudya ka michere imaphatikizidwanso ndi T2DM, limodzi ndi zonse ziwiri zotchulidwa za insulin (zovuta zowonongeka za insulin yamkati kapena yakunja pamatumbo) ndikuwonongeka kwa insulin yawo mosiyanasiyana. Matendawa amakula, monga lamulo, pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mu 85% ya milandu imatengedwa kuchokera kwa makolo. Ndi katundu wobadwa nawo, anthu azaka zopitilira 50 amadwala ndi T2DM posakhalitsa.

Kuwonetsedwa kwa T2DM kumathandizira kunenepa, makamaka pamimba, wokhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo (a mkati), osati mafuta onyozeka.

Ubwenzi wapakati pa mitundu iwiri iyi ya kudzikundikira kwamafuta m'thupi ukhoza kuwonekera poyesedwa ndi bio-impedance m'malo apadera, kapena (moyerekeza kwambiri) owerengera mafuta m'miyezo yanyumba ndi ntchito yoyerekeza kuchuluka kwamafuta a visceral.

Mu T2DM, thupi la munthu wonenepa, pofuna kuthana ndi insulin kukana, amakakamizidwa kusunga insulin yambiri m'magazi poyerekeza ndi yabwinobwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kutsika kwa mapangidwe a pancreatic popanga insulin. Kukana kwa insulini kumapangitsa kuti mafuta azikhala ndi kuchuluka komanso kusakwanira kudya michere (CHIKWANGWANI).

Pachigawo choyambirira cha T2DM, njirayi imasinthidwanso ndikuwongolera zakudya komanso kuyambitsa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi pazowonjezera (kufikira mulingo woyambira kagayidwe kake komanso ntchito yanthawi zonse).

• kuyenda 8 km
• Kuyenda ma Nordic 6 km
• kuthamangira 4 km.

Kuchuluka kwa chakudya chochuluka ndi mtundu wa shuga II

Njira yayikulu yazakudya zopatsa thanzi mu T2DM ndikuchepetsa kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kachakudya, komwe wodwalayo amafuna kudziphunzitsanso ndikusintha moyo wawo.

Ndi kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwa odwala, mitundu yonse ya kagayidwe imasintha, makamaka, zimakhala zimayamba kugwira shuga, ndipo ngakhale (mwa odwala ena) machitidwe amakankhidwe obwera. M'nthawi ya insulin isanachitike, zakudya zinali njira yokhayo yothandizira odwala matenda ashuga, koma kufunikira kwake sikunachepe masiku athu ano. Kufunika kopereka mankhwala ochepetsa shuga mu mawonekedwe a mapiritsi kwa wodwala kumabuka (kapena kulimbikira) pokhapokha ngati shuga wambiri samatsika pambuyo poti mathandizidwe pakudya ndi kuthandizira kulemera kwa thupi. Ngati mankhwala ochepetsa shuga sathandiza, dokotala amamulembera mankhwala a insulin.

Nthawi zina odwala amalimbikitsidwa kusiyiratu shuga wosavuta, koma maphunziro azachipatala samatsimikizira kuyimbaku. Mafuta popanga chakudya amachulukitsa glycemia (glucose m'magazi) siwokwera kwambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwake kwa owuma pama kalori ndi kulemera. Chifukwa chake, maupangiri ogwiritsira ntchito matebulo sakukhutiritsa. glycemic index (GI) zogulitsa, makamaka popeza odwala ena omwe ali ndi T2DM ali ndi kutaya kwathunthu kapena kwakukulu kwa maswiti

Nthawi ndi nthawi, maswiti kapena keke yomwe idadyedwayo siyilola wodwala kuti azimva kuti ndi wopanda pake (makamaka popeza mulibe). Chofunika kwambiri kuposa zogulitsa za GI ndi chiwerengero chawo, mafuta azomwe amapezeka mwa iwo osagawika muzovuta komanso zovuta. Koma wodwalayo ayenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri cha tsiku lililonse, ndipo ndi madokotala okhawo omwe angayikemo zokhazokha, kutengera kupenda ndi kuwona. Ndi matenda ashuga, kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu m'zakudya kungachepe (mpaka 40% pama calories m'malo mwa 55% wamba), koma osatsika.

Masiku ano, ndikupanga mapulogalamu a mafoni, kulola kuti mudziwe zochulukirapo kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta, kuchuluka kumeneku kungaikidwe molunjika magalamu, komwe kungafunike kuyesa kwa chinthu kapena mbale, kuwerenga chizindikiro (mwachitsanzo, kapu ya mapuloteni), Thandizo pazakudya za kampani yoperekera chakudya, kapena kudziwa za kulemera ndi kapangidwe kazakudya zamagulu pozindikira.

Khalidwe lofananalo tsopano, mutazindikira, ndizotheka kwanu, ndipo izi ziyenera kuvomerezedwa.

Pakalembwe, nthawi ya iPhones isanachitike, njira ina yowerengera chakudya imapangidwa - kudzera m'magawo a mkate (XE), omwe amatchedwanso kuti chakudya chamagulu. Magawo a mikate yodwala matenda ashuga 1 adayambitsidwa kuti athe kuwunikira kuchuluka kwa insulini yomwe imafunikira kwa mayamwidwe a chakudya. 1 XE imafunikira magawo awiri a insulini kuti agone m'mawa, 1.5 pachakudya chamasana, ndipo 1 kamodzi madzulo. Kulowetsedwa kwa chakudya cham'madzi mu 1 XE kumawonjezera glycemia ndi 1.5-1.9 mmol / L.

Palibe tanthauzo lenileni la XE, timapereka matanthauzidwe angapo odziwika bwino. Gulu la mkate lidayambitsidwa ndi madotolo aku Germany, ndipo mpaka 2010 lidatanthauzidwa ngati kuchuluka kwa chinthu chomwe chimakhala ndi 12 g of digestible (ndipo potero zimawonjezera glycemia) zakudya zamafuta ndi shuga. Koma ku Switzerland XE idawonedwa kuti ili ndi 10 g yamafuta, ndipo m'maiko olankhula Chingerezi anali ma g 15. Kusagwirizana m'matanthauzidwewo kudapangitsa kuti kuyambira 2010 adavomerezedwa kuti asagwiritse ntchito lingaliro la XE ku Germany.

Ku Russia, amakhulupirira kuti 1 XE imagwirizana ndi 12 g ya chakudya chamafuta, kapena 13 g yamafuta, poganizira michere yazakudya zomwe zili m'zinthuzo. Kudziwa kuchuluka kumeneku kumakupatsani mwayi woti mutanthauzire mosavuta (pang'ono m'mutu mwanu, makamaka pa Calculator yomwe yapangidwa mufoni iliyonse) XE kukhala magalamu a chakudya ndi zinthu zina.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati mudadya 190 g ya persimmon yokhala ndi chakudya chodziwika bwino cha 15,9%, mumamwa 15.9 x 190/100 = 30 g wama chakudya, kapena 30/12 = 2.5 XE. Momwe mungaganizire XE, mpaka chakhumi chapafupi kwambiri, kapena kuzungulira kwa onse - mukuganiza. M'magawo onse awiri, "pafupifupi" patsiku patsiku limachepa.

Funso: Moni. Ndawerenga zolemba zosiyanasiyana, koma sindimamvetsetsa - momwe angawerengere magawo a buledi a shuga? Ndizovuta kwambiri kudziwa kuti sindikufunanso kudya, njira yosamveka iyi ndi yotopetsa.

Yankho ndi: Masana abwino Kuwerengera magawo a buledi a shuga sikovuta kwenikweni momwe mukuganizira. Choyamba muyenera kupeza tebulo lapadera la odwala matenda ashuga, omwe amawonetsa kuchuluka kwa 1 XE pachinthu chilichonse.

Ndikupangikiranso kukhala ndi mamba azithunzi zamagetsi pamanja. Nthawi zambiri chiwerengero chovomerezeka cha mkate chomwe chimamwetsa patsiku chimawerengeredwa ndi adokotala, poganizira zolimbitsa thupi ndi zomwe wodwalayo ali nazo. Tiyerekeze kuti ntchito yanu siigwirizana ndi kulimbikira.

Mwambiri, adokotala adzalimbikitsa 10 XE patsiku. Pa chakudya choyamba, tengani 2 XE, 2nd - 1 XE, 3 - 3 XE, 4 - 1 XE, komanso mgawo wachisanu, ndiye, chakudya chamadzulo - 3 XE. Kenako tengani tebulo ndipo poganizira zomwe tafotokozazo, pangani menyu. Mwachitsanzo, chakudya chanu cham'mawa chitha kukhala ndi 250 ml ya kefir ndi 100 g ya porridge ya chimanga.

Tili pamacheza ochezera

Zabwino kwambiri, mwina mulibe matenda ashuga.

Tsoka ilo, munthu wazaka zilizonse komanso wamkazi, ngakhale khanda, amatha kudwala. Chifukwa chake, funsani okondedwa anu kuti atenge kuyesedwako ndikuchotsa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga. Kupatula apo, kupewa matenda ndikotsika mtengo komanso bwino kuposa chithandizo chanthawi zonse. Mwa njira zopewera matenda ashuga, kudya mokwanira, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusapanikizika ndimatenda a magazi (nthawi imodzi m'miyezi 3-6) ndizodziwika.

Ngati chimodzi mwazizindikiro zomwe zalembedwa zikuyamba kukuvutitsani inu ndi anzanu, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulankhule ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Kumbukirani kuti zizindikiro za matenda amtundu woyamba 1 zimakonda kuchitika nthawi yomweyo, pomwe mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umatha kukhalanso wazaka zambiri ndipo munthuyo sangaukayikire kuti akudwala.

Njira yokhayo yoyezetsa matenda a shuga ndi kuti magazi anu ndi mkodzo ayesedwe.

Kuganizira zotsatira za mayeso, ndikuyenera kuti muli ndi matenda ashuga.

Muyenera kupita kwa dokotala kuti akumuyezeni. Choyamba, timalimbikitsa kutenga mayeso a glycated hemoglobin ndikupanga kuyesa kwa mkodzo ma ketones.

Musachedwe kupita kwa katswiri, chifukwa ngati simuletsa kulera matenda a shuga pakapita nthawi, mudzayenera kulandira chithandizo cha matenda awa kwa moyo wanu wonse. Ndipo mutapezeka kuti mwapezeka, mumachepetsa chiwopsezo cha zovuta zosiyanasiyana.

Pali chiwopsezo chakuti mumayamba kudwala matenda ashuga. Osanyalanyaza izi, chifukwa ngati matendawa apezeka, sizingatheke kuchiritsa ndipo chithandizo chofunikira chidzafunika. Onetsetsani kuti mwawonana ndi dokotala.

Ngakhale mutakhala kuti mulibe matenda ashuga, Zizindikiro zomwe muli nazo zikuwonetsa kuti thanzi lanu silabwino.

Magawo a mkate: matenda a shuga tsiku lililonse

Matenda a shuga ndi limodzi mwa matenda oopsa kwambiri, omwe atapanda kulandira chithandizo chokwanira angayambitse zovuta zomwe zimawopseza moyo wa wodwalayo. Matendawa amadziwika ndi kuphwanya kagayidwe kazakudya, kamene kamayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi ndipo, motero, mkodzo.

Kusintha kumeneku kumabweretsa mavuto ambiri, kuphatikiza mapuloteni ndi mafuta, komanso kusowa kwamchere wamchere.

Ntchito yofunikira kwambiri ya odwala matenda ashuga ndikuwongolera zakudya motsatira zofuna za thupi, potengera izi, mkate umathandizira odwala matenda ashuga. Kodi ndi chiyani ndipo amawerengera bwanji chakudya chomwe chimachitika, werengani nkhani yomwe inakonzedwa ndi tsamba lathu.

Dongosolo la matenda a shuga: magawo a mkate ndi chifukwa chake amawerengera

Dongosolo labwino la matenda ashuga limakonzedwa ndi dokotala yemwe amaganizira zinthu zingapo zofunika, kuphatikiza mtundu, njira ya matendawa, zaka, jenda, kulemera kwake, kupezeka kapena kusapezeka kwa matenda okhudzana, komanso kuchuluka kwa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi.

Popeza ndikofunikira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi matenda ashuga kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe wodwala amafunikira, akatswiri azolimbitsa thupi ku Germany adayambitsa mawu akuti mkate mkate (XE), gawo lazomwe zimawerengera chakudya chamagulu.

Kuti athandize odwala matenda ashuga, matebulo apangidwa omwe akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa XE m'magulu osiyanasiyana azakudya:

• mkaka
• kuphika
• chimanga
• mbatata ndi pasitala,
• malo ogulitsa makeke
• chipatso
• masamba
• nyemba
• mtedza
• zipatso zouma
• zakumwa
• Zakudya zokonzeka.

Kuti athandize odwala matenda ashuga, matebulo apangidwa omwe amawonetsa kuchuluka kwa XE m'magulu osiyanasiyana azakudya.

Pansipa estet-portal.com ikuuzani zambiri:

• momwe ungawerengere XE
• kuchuluka kwa XE komwe kumatha kudyedwa patsiku.

Mtengo wa matenda ashuga: bwanji ndipo mawerengeredwe a magawo a mkate

Monga mukudziwa, kapangidwe kazinthu zopanga zakudya zimaphatikizapo ma carbohydrate (gwero lalikulu lamphamvu), ndi mapuloteni ("zida zomanga zazikulu"), ndi mafuta, mavitamini, ndi mchere, ndi madzi. Zinthu zonsezi ndizofunikira kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino, komabe, kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito bwino glucose omwe amapezeka m'matumbo a shuga kumayambitsa chiwonetsero chokwanira cha kuchuluka kwa michere yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndichifukwa chake magawo a mkate amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Cholinga chachikulu chowerengera magawo a buledi ndikuwona kuchuluka kwa insulini yofunika kusintha shuga m'magazi mukatha kudya. Pali kulumikizana mwachindunji pakati pa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta ndi insulin, yomwe mudzafunikira kulowa pambuyo pake.

Chidziwitso chofunikira: kugwiritsa ntchito 1 mkate kuyambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa shuga ndi 1.5-1.9 mmol / l.

1 mkate mkate ndi pafupi 10-12 g ya chakudya chamafuta.

Pa kagayidwe ka 1 XE, zigawo za 1.4 za insulin yochepa ndizofunikira.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti pa intaneti mungapeze ambiri owerengera omwe amathandizira kwambiri pamoyo wa odwala matenda ashuga, chifukwa amakulolani kuwerengera mosavuta zofunikira.

Kuwerengera XE pazomalizidwa sizovuta: chifukwa muyenera kudziwa kuti mudziwe zambiri pazomwe zimayikidwa, pomwe kuchuluka kwa mafuta amoto nthawi zambiri kumawonetsedwa pa g 100. Kuchulukaku kuyenera kugawidwa ndi 12 (1 XE), ndikuchulukitsa mtengo wopezeka ndi kuchuluka kwazomwe mukugulitsa.

Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa XE muzakudya zopangidwa ndi anthu, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito gome.

Mndandanda ndi tebulo la magawo a buledi a shuga

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda amtundu wa endocrine omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kupindika kwa shuga. Mukamawerengera zakudya zamafuta, ndiye kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito chomwe chimaganiziridwa. Pakuwerengera katundu wazakudya zamafuta, magawo a mkate amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda ashuga.

Chigoba cha mkate ndi kuchuluka komwe amayeza ndi akatswiri azakudya. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya cham'madzi. Kuwerenga kotereku kwayambitsidwa kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi kwa zaka za zana la 20 ndi katswiri wazakudya zaku Germany, Karl Noorden.

Chingwa chimodzi chimakhala chofanana ndi chidutswa cha mkate wina wozungulira, wozungulira ndi theka. Awa ndi magalamu 12 a chakudya cham'mimba mosavuta (kapena supuni ya shuga). Mukamagwiritsa ntchito XE imodzi, mulingo wa glycemia m'magazi umakwera ndi mamilimita awiri / L. Pa kukomoka kwa 1 XE, magawo 1 mpaka 4 a insulin amatuluka. Zonse zimatengera momwe munthu amagwirira ntchito komanso nthawi yatsiku.

Magawo a mkate ndi muyeso pakuwunika kwa zakudya zamagulu. Mlingo wa insulin umasankhidwa poganizira za kumwa kwa XE.

Mukamagula chinthu chomwe chili mmatolo, mumafunikira chakudya chambiri pa 100 g, chosonyezedwa kulembedwapo magawo 12. Umu ndi momwe magawo a mkate a shuga amawerengedwa, ndipo gome lithandizanso.

Pazakudya zambiri za carbohydrate ndi 280 g patsiku. Izi ndi pafupi 23 XE. Kulemera kwazinthu kumawerengeredwa ndi diso. Zopatsa mphamvu za kalori sizimakhudza zomwe zili zamagulu amtundu wa mkate.

Tsiku lonse, kugawanitsa 1 XE kumafuna insulini yosiyanasiyana:

• m'mawa - 2 mayunitsi,
• pa nkhomaliro - 1.5 magawo,
• madzulo - 1 unit.

Kuledzera kwa insulin kumatengera thupi, zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, zaka komanso chidwi chamunthu payekha mahomoni.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, kapamba satulutsa insulin yokwanira kugwetsa chakudya.Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, kusowa kwa insulin komwe kumachitika.

Matenda a gestational amapezeka nthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati chifukwa cha zovuta za metabolic. Imasowa pambuyo pobala.

Mosasamala mtundu wa shuga, odwala ayenera kutsatira zakudya. Kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe mumadya, magawo a mkate amagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku a shuga.

Anthu omwe ali ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana zolimbitsa thupi amafunikira kuchuluka kwamphamvu tsiku ndi tsiku.

Mndandanda wazakudya zamasiku onse za chakudya cha anthu osiyanasiyana amitundu mitundu

Mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa XE uyenera kugawidwa m'magawo 6. Zofunika zitatu izi:

• kadzutsa - mpaka 6 XE,
• tiyi wamadzulo - osapitirira 6 XE,
• chakudya chamadzulo - zosakwana 4 XE.

XE yotsalayi imagawidwa kwa zodyera pakati. Zambiri mwazolemetsa wamafuta zimagwera pa zakudya zoyambirira. Sikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzidya zinthu zopitilira 7 nthawi imodzi. Kudya kwambiri kwa XE kumabweretsa kulumpha lakuthwa mu shuga. Zakudya zoyenera zimakhala ndi 15-20 XE. Uwu ndiye chakudya choyenera chambiri chomwe chimakwaniritsa tsiku lililonse.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga umadziwika ndi kudziunjikira kwamphamvu kwamafuta. Chifukwa chake, kuwerengetsa kwa kudya kwa carbohydrate nthawi zambiri kumafuna kuti pakhale chakudya chamagulu ochepa. Kudya kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa XE kumachokera pa 17 mpaka 28.

Zinthu monga mkaka, chimanga, masamba ndi zipatso, komanso maswiti, zimatha kudyedwa pang'ono.

Kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta kumayenera kukhala chakudya kuyenera kukhala masamba, ufa ndi zinthu zamkaka. Zipatso ndi maswiti zimaposa zosaposa 2 XE patsiku.

Gome lokhala ndi zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa nthawi zambiri komanso zomwe zili mumagulu a mikate zimayenera kusungidwa nthawi zonse.

Zamkaka zimathandizira njira zama metabolic, zimakhutitsa thupi ndi michere, kukhalabe ndi shuga.

Mafuta omwe amapezeka mkaka omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito sayenera kupitilira 20%. Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku - zosaposa theka la lita.

Zakudya zamagetsi zimayambitsa zovuta zamankhwala. Amathandizira ubongo, minofu, ndi ziwalo. Kwa tsiku silikulimbikitsidwa kudya magalamu oposa 120 a ufa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ufa kumayambitsa zovuta za matenda ashuga.

Masamba ndimalo opanga mavitamini ndi antioxidants. Amasunga redox moyenera, komanso amateteza kupezeka kwa zovuta za shuga. CHIKWANGWANI chomera chimasokoneza mayamwidwe a shuga.

Kutentha kwamasamba kumachulukitsa index. Muyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kaloti owiritsa ndi beets. Zakudya izi zimakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mkate.

Zipatso zatsopano zimakhala ndi mavitamini, mchere ndi mchere. Amakwaniritsa thupi ndi zinthu zofunika zomwe zimathandizira kagayidwe kazinthu zazikulu.

Masamba ochulukirapo amalimbikitsa kutulutsa kwa insulin ndi kapamba, kukhazikika m'magazi a shuga.

Kuphatikizidwa kwa zipatso kumaphatikizapo michere yazomera, mavitamini ndi michere. Zimapangitsa kuti matumbo asamayende, kusinthasintha kwa dongosolo la enzyme.

Sikuti zipatso zonse zimakhala zathanzi chimodzimodzi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzitsatira tebulo la zipatso zovomerezeka mukamapanga menyu yatsiku ndi tsiku.

Ngati ndi kotheka, maswiti ayenera kupewedwa. Ngakhale zochepa zomwe zimapangidwazo zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri. Gulu lazogulitsa sizimabweretsa zabwino.

Zomwe XE mu malonda amakhudzidwa ndi njira yokonzekera. Mwachitsanzo, pafupifupi kulemera kwa chipatso ku XE ndi 100 g, ndipo mu msuzi wa 50 g. Mbatata zosenda zimachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kuposa mbatata yophika.

Ndikofunika kuti musagwiritse ntchito zakudya yokazinga, zosuta komanso zamafuta. Muli mafuta achilengedwe ambiri, omwe ndi ovuta kuwaphwanya komanso ovuta kuwamwa.

Maziko azakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku ayenera kukhala zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi XE yaying'ono. Pazakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku, gawo lawo ndi 60%. Izi ndi monga:

• nyama yokhala ndi mafuta ochepa (nkhuku yophika ndi ng'ombe),
• nsomba
• dzira la nkhuku
• zukini
• radishi
• radishi
• masamba letesi
• amadyera (katsabola, parsley),
• nati imodzi
• belu tsabola
• biringanya
• nkhaka
• Tomato
• bowa
• madzi amchere.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amafunika kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa nsomba zotsamira mpaka katatu pa sabata. Nsomba zimakhala ndi mapuloteni komanso mafuta achilengedwe omwe amachepetsa cholesterol. Izi zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha kukhala ndi stroko, kugunda kwa mtima, thromboembolism.

Mukamalemba zakudya zatsiku ndi tsiku, zomwe zimatsitsidwa ndimatenda omwe amachepetsa shuga mu zakudya zimatengedwa. Zakudya izi ndi monga:

Zakudya za nyama zimakhala ndi mapuloteni komanso michere yofunika. Mulibe mkate Kufikira 200 g nyama ndikulimbikitsidwa patsiku. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mbale zosiyanasiyana. Izi zimaganiziranso zinthu zina zomwe ndi mbali yaphikidwe.

Zakudya zokhala ndi index yotsika ya glycemic sizivulaza thanzi ndipo zimadzaza thupi ndi mavitamini ndi michere. Kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zomwe zili ndi XE yotsika kungathandize kuti pasakhale shuga, zomwe zimalepheretsa zovuta zama metabolic.

Kuwerengera koyenera kwa matenda ashuga kumalepheretsa kukula kwa zovuta zazikulu. Kuti muwerenge zakumwa zamasiku onse za mkate, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi kakalata ndikulemba zakudya. Kutengera izi, adotolo amakupatsani mankhwala ochepetsa insulin. Mlingo amasankhidwa payekha motsogozedwa ndi magazi a glycemia.

Momwe mungawerengere magawo a buledi a mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2 wa shuga?

Ku Russia, anthu odwala matenda ashuga ali ndi anthu oposa mamiliyoni atatu. Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsa ntchito insulin kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo, odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuyang'anira kudya kwawo nthawi zonse. Pankhaniyi, funso limakhala lofunikira: momwe mungawerengere magawo a mkate.

Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuti odwala azichita kuwerengera pawokha, kuyeza chilichonse nthawi zonse ndi kuwerengera sizotheka. Kuwongolera njirazi, tebulo lowerengera mkate limagwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zimalemba zofunikira za XE pachinthu chilichonse.

Chigoba cha mkate ndi chizindikiritso chofunikira chomwe chimakhala chofunikira kuposa chiwonetsero cha matenda a shuga. Mwa kuwerengera molondola XE, mutha kukwanitsa kudziyimira pawokha kuchokera ku insulin, ndikuchepetsa shuga.

Kwa munthu aliyense, chithandizo cha matenda ashuga chimayamba ndi kufunsana ndi dokotala, pomwe adotolo amafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za zomwe matendawa akuonetsa ndikuwonetsa kudya kwa wodwala ena.

Ngati pakufunika chithandizo ndi insulin, ndiye kuti mlingo wake ndi makonzedwe ake amakambirana mosiyanasiyana. Maziko a chithandizo nthawi zambiri amakhala akuwerengera tsiku ndi tsiku kuchuluka kwa chakudya, komanso kuwongolera shuga.

Kuti mutsatire malamulo a mankhwalawa, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungawerengere CN, kuchuluka kwa zakudya zokhala ndi zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya. Tisaiwale kuti mothandizidwa ndi chakudya chotere m'magazi a shuga mumatha mphindi 15. Zakudya zamagulu ena zimawonjezera chizindikiritso ichi pakatha mphindi 30 mpaka 40.

Izi ndichifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chalowa m'thupi la munthu. Ndiosavuta kuphunzira "kufulumira" ndi "pang'onopang'ono" chakudya. Ndikofunikira kuphunzira momwe mungawerengere moyenera kuchuluka kwa tsiku ndi tsiku, chifukwa cha zopatsa mphamvu zopezeka m'thupi ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu zovulaza komanso zothandiza mwa iwo. Kutsogolera ntchitoyi, mawu adapangidwa pansi pa dzina la "mkate mkate".

Dzinali limawerengedwa kuti ndi lofunikira popereka chiwongolero cha glycemic mu matenda monga matenda a shuga. Ngati odwala matenda ashuga aganiza molondola XE, izi zimakwaniritsa njira yolipirira kusinthika kwa magawo osinthika a carbohydrate. Kuchuluka kwawerengeredwe magawo awa kumalepheretsa njira zamomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi malekezero akumunsi.

Ngati tiganiza za mkate umodzi, ndiye kuti ndi wofanana ndi magalamu 12 a chakudya. Mwachitsanzo, chidutswa chimodzi cha mkate wa rye chimalemera pafupifupi magalamu 15. Izi zikufanana ndi XE imodzi. M'malo mwa mawu oti "mkate mkate", nthawi zina tanthauzo loti "carbohydrate unit" limagwiritsidwa ntchito, lomwe ndi 10-12 g la chakudya chamafuta mosavuta.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chochepa cha zopatsa mphamvu. Ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndi zakudya zabwino kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Pankhaniyi, simungathe kuwerengera zigawo za mkate. Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito masikelo kapena funsani tebulo lapadera.

Dziwani kuti kupanga makina owerengera omwe amakupatsani mwayi wowerengera bwino magawo a mkate pamene zinthu zifuna. Kutengera momwe thupi la munthu limakhalira ndi matenda a shuga, kuchuluka kwa insulin komanso kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta zimatha kusiyanasiyana.

Ngati chakudyacho chimaphatikizapo magalamu 300 a chakudya, ndiye kuti ndalamazo zimafanana ndi magulu 25 a mkate. Poyamba, si onse odwala matenda ashuga amene amatha kuwerengetsa XE. Koma mwakuchita mokhazikika, munthu patapita kanthawi kochepa amatha "ndi diso" kudziwa kuchuluka kwa magawo mu chinthu china.

Popita nthawi, muyesowo udzakhala wolondola momwe mungathere.

Mbale yazakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga! Momwe mungawerenge XE?

Chigoba cha mkate ndi muyeso womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu muzakudya. Lingaliro loperekedwa lidayambitsidwa makamaka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe amalandira insulin kuti asunge ntchito zawo zofunika. Mukuyankhula za chiyani magawo a mkate, tcherani khutu kuti:

• Ichi ndi chida chomwe chitha kutengedwa ngati maziko opangira anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino,
• pali tebulo lapadera momwe izi zikuwonetsedwa pazogulitsa zosiyanasiyana zamagulu ndi magulu athunthu,
• Kuwerengera kwa magawo a mkate kungachitike ndipo kuyenera kuchitika pamanja musanadye.

Poganizira gawo limodzi la mkate, samalani kwambiri chifukwa ndi zofanana ndi 10 (kuphatikiza ulusi wazakudya) kapena magalamu 12. (kuphatikiza zigawo za ballast) chakudya. Nthawi yomweyo, pamafunika magawo a insulini 1.4 kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito mwachangu komanso popanda vuto. Ngakhale kuti magawo a mkate (patebulo) amapezeka pagulu, aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa momwe mawerengedwa amapangidwira, komanso kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu amtundu umodzi wa mkate.

Poyambitsa lingaliro loperekedwa, akatswiri azakudya amatenga maziko ngati chinthu chodziwika bwino kwa aliyense - mkate.

Ngati mukudula mkate kapena njerwa ya bulauni kukhala zidutswa wamba (pafupifupi masentimita), ndiye theka linalo lolemera 25 magalamu. izikhala yofanana ndi mkate umodzi muzogulazo.

Zomwezo ndizowona, titi, kwa awiri a tbsp. l (50 gr.) Buckwheat kapena oatmeal. Chipatso chimodzi chaching'ono cha apulo kapena peyala ndichofanana XE. Kuwerengera kwamitundu yama mkate kumatha kuchitika modziyimira pawokha ndi wodwala matenda ashuga, mungayang'anenso magawo. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizosavuta kwa ambiri kuganizira kugwiritsa ntchito makina owerengera pa intaneti kapena kupanga mndandanda wazakudya zopatsa thanzi. Pazakudya zotere, zalembedwa zomwe anthu omwe amadwala matenda ashuga amayenera kudya, magawo angati omwe ali ndi mankhwala ena ake, komanso kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe ndibwino kuzitsatira. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti:

• odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 ayenera kudalira XE ndikuwerengera mosamala, chifukwa izi zimakhudza kuwerengera kwa kuchuluka kwa insulin,
• makamaka, izi zimakhudza kuyambitsidwa kwa gawo la mahomoni lalifupi kapena mtundu wa ultrashort. Zomwe zimachitika nthawi yomweyo musanadye,
• 1 XE imachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga kuchokera ku 1.5 mmol kupita ku 1,9 mmol. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake tchati cholumikizira mkate chimayenera kukhala kuti chizikhala chosavuta.

Chifukwa chake, wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa momwe angawerengere mkate kuti akhale ndi shuga wokwanira. Izi ndizofunikira kwa matenda amtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2. Ubwino ndikuti, pofotokozera momwe kuwerengera moyenera, kuwerengera pa intaneti kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pamodzi ndi kuwerengera kwamanja.

Masana, munthu ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito magawo 18 mpaka 25, omwe adzafunikire kugawidwa muzakudya zisanu mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Lamuloli ndilothandiza osati kwa mtundu woyamba wa shuga, komanso mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga. Ayenera kuwerengedwa motsatizana: chakudya cham'mawa, nkhomaliro, chakudya chamadzulo. Zakudyazi ziyenera kukhala ndi magawo atatu kapena asanu, pomwe zokhwasula-khala - magawo awiri kapena awiri kuti musatenge zovuta m'magazi a anthu.

Mu chakudya chimodzi sayenera kudya zopitilira mkate zisanu ndi ziwiri.

Owerenga mabakera anena zowona zonse zokhudza matenda ashuga! Matenda a shuga amapita pakatha masiku 10 ngati mumamwa m'mawa. »Werengani zambiri >>>

Kwa odwala matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kuti zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya zimatengedwa ndendende mkati mwa theka loyamba la tsiku.

Kuyankhula zokhudzana ndi mkate mu shuga, amalabadira kuti ngati mumatha kudya zambiri kuposa zomwe mumakonzekera, ndiye kuti mukatha kudya muyenera kudikirira pang'ono. Kenako yambitsirani kuchuluka kwa insulini, yomwe imachotsa mwayi wa kusintha kwa shuga.

Gome la kugwiritsa ntchito kwa XE kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anthu

Vuto ndilakuti simungathe kuchita izi pafupipafupi ndikugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri ya 14 ya insulini (yochepa) musanadye nthawi imodzi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kuganizira ndi kuwerengera pasadakhale zomwe zidzadye patsiku kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga ndikokwanira pakati pa chakudya, mutha kudya chilichonse mu kuchuluka kwa 1 XE popanda kufunika kwa insulin. Tisaiwale kuti patebulo la mkate anthu odwala matenda ashuga azikhala pafupi.

Zogulitsa zomwe zimatha kudyedwa ndikufunika kuthetsedwa

Zakudya zonse zomwe siziyenera kudyedwa ndi munthu wodwala matenda ashuga zimayeneranso kusamalidwa. Choyamba, muyenera kulabadira zinthu za ufa. Mitundu iliyonse yamitundu yosakhala yolemera imatha kudyedwa ndi munthu wodwala matenda ashuga. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti:

• mitengo yotsika kwambiri imapezeka mu buledi wa Borodino (pafupifupi magalamu 15) ndi ufa, pasitala
• Mbale ndi zikondamoyo zokhala ndi tchizi tchizi ndizodziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa mkate, chifukwa chake samalimbikitsidwa kuti azikhala ndi zakudya,
• kuphatikiza zakudya kuchokera ku gulu la ufa mu chakudya chimodzi sikulimbikitsidwa.

Polankhula za chimanga ndi chimanga, akatswiri amalipira chidwi makamaka ndi zabwino za buckwheat, oatmeal. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti phala lamadzi limadziwika ndi kuyamwa mwachangu kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, ndi shuga wambiri ndikulimbikitsidwa kuphika chimanga chambiri, komanso ndi shuga wochepa - semolina, mwachitsanzo. Zofunika kwambiri kuti zisagwiritsidwe ntchito mndandandawu ndi nandolo zam'chitini ndi chimanga chaching'ono.

Poona mbali zonse za zakudya zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, munthu sangathandize koma kulabadira mbatata ndipo, makamaka, mbatata yophika. Mbatata yayikulu-yayikulu ndi XE imodzi. Mbatata zosenda pamadzi zimachulukitsa shuga, pomwe mbatata zophika zonse zimachulukitsa pang'onopang'ono. Dzinali limayikidwa pang'onopang'ono. Zomera zomwe zatsala (kaloti, beets, maungu) zitha kuyambitsidwa mu chakudya, koma ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mayina atsopano.

Pamndandanda wazinthu zamkaka, zomwe zimadziwika ndi mafuta ochepa ndizofunikira kwambiri. Mwa ichi, mwachitsanzo, muyenera kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mkaka wonse. Komabe, tsiku lililonse mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kapu ya kefir, tchizi chochepa cha tchizi, komwe mtedza ndi zinthu zina (mwachitsanzo, ma greens) zimatha kuwonjezeredwa.

Pafupifupi zipatso ndi zipatso zonse zimavomerezedwa komanso zovomerezeka kuti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu shuga.Komabe, popeza iwo, monga ma nyemba, amaphatikiza chakudya chambiri, ndikofunikira kusintha kuchuluka kwawo kuti asatenge kudumpha m'magazi. Ngati menyu apangidwa molondola, ndiye kuti munthu wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kudya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba bwinobwino, kusangalala ndi mabulosi m'malo mwa maswiti.

Madokotala amalimbikitsa kudya sitiroberi, yamatcheri, jamu, zofiira ndi zakuda. Komabe, lingalirani zipatso zamatcheri, yamatcheri. Kodi ali ndimagawo angati a buledi? Ndikofunikira kudziwa pasadakhale, popeza mwawerenga tebulo lapadera. Zidzakhalanso zofunikira:

• kukana kugwiritsa ntchito timadziti tina totengera ma compotes chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa mankhwala osungirako komanso zosakaniza zina zowononga mwa iwo.
• kupatula maswiti ndi zoteteza ku zakudya. Nthawi zina, mumatha kuphika ma pie, ma muffins kunyumba, ndikugwiritsa ntchito pambuyo pake,
• nsomba ndi nyama sizimayikidwa XE, chifukwa zilibe chakudya. Komabe, kuphatikiza nyama kapena nsomba ndi ndiwo zamasamba ndi kale nthawi yowerengetsera zomwe zaperekedwazo.

Chifukwa chake, aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa chilichonse chokhudza mikate ndi mawerengeredwe ake. Chizindikirochi chikuthandizira kukhala ndi shuga wokwanira m'magazi komanso kuchepetsa zovuta. Ichi ndichifukwa chake palibe chifukwa sayenera kunyalanyazidwa kuwerengera kwakanthawi kwa mkate.

1. 
   Tsyb, A.F. Radioiodine mankhwala a thyrotoxicosis / A.F. Tsyb, A.V. Dreval, P.I. Garbuzov. - M: GEOTAR-Media, 2009. - 160 p.
2. 
   Vitaliy Kadzharyan und Natalya Kapshitar Mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga: njira zamakono zamankhwala, LAP Lambert Academic Publishing - M., 2015. - 104 p.
3. 
   Chithandizo cha endocrine matenda. M'mavoliyumu awiri. Gawo 1, Meridian - M., 2014 .-- 350 p.

Ndiloleni ndidziwitse. Dzina langa ndi Elena. Ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito ya endocrinologist kwazaka 10. Ndikukhulupirira kuti pakadali pano ndili katswiri pantchito yanga ndipo ndikufuna kuthandiza alendo onse omwe amapezeka pamalowo kuti athetse zovuta osati ntchito. Zinthu zonse za tsambalo amazisonkhanitsa ndikuzikonza mosamala kuti athe kufotokoza zambiri zofunikira. Musanagwiritse ntchito zomwe zikufotokozedwa pa webusaitiyi, kufunsana ndi akatswiri ndizofunikira nthawi zonse.

Zambiri

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mawu oti "mkate mkate" (ofupikitsidwa XE) amapezeka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Lingaliro limeneli linayambitsidwa ndi katswiri wazakudya zaku Germany wotchuka Karl Noorden.

Dotolo adatcha mkate wagawo kuchuluka kwa chakudya, akamwedwa, shuga wamagazi amakwera pafupifupi 1.5-2.2 mmol pa lita.

Kuti muvute kwathunthu wa XE imodzi, magawo anayi mpaka anayi a insulin amafunikira. Kuledzera kwa insulin nthawi zambiri kumadalira nthawi yomwe kudya kumawonjezera kwambiri (magawo ambiri a insulin amafunikira m'mawa, ocheperako madzulo), kulemera ndi msinkhu wa munthu, zochitika zolimbitsa thupi zatsiku ndi tsiku, komanso chidwi cha wodwalayo ku insulin.

XE imodzi ili ndi magalamu khumi ndi anayi a mafuta am'mimba omwe amapezeka mosavuta. Kusiyanaku kukufotokozedwa ndi njira ina yowerengetsera XE:

• XE ndi wofanana ndi magalamu 10 amafuta (CHIKWATI sichimaganiziridwa)
• XE ndi wofanana ndi magalamu 12 a chakudya kapena supuni yayikulu ya shuga (kuphatikiza ulusi wazakudya),
• XE ndi ofanana ndi magalamu 15 a chakudya chamafuta (gawo ili lidatengedwa ngati maziko a madotolo aku USA).

Kodi munthu amafunikira ndalama zingati?

Kuchuluka kwa XE kofunikira kwa munthu winawake kumatengera zinthu zambiri: moyo (wogwira ntchito kapena wongokhala), thanzi, thupi, ndi zina zambiri.

• munthu wambiri yolemera komanso yochita zolimbitsa thupi masana samayenera kudya zosaposa 280-300 magalamu a chakudya chamafuta patsiku, i.e. zosaposa 23-25 ​​XE,
• ndi zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri (kusewera masewera kapena kulimbitsa thupi) anthu amafunikira pafupifupi 30 XE,
• kwa anthu omwe ali ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi ochepa, ndikokwanira kudya 20 XE patsiku,
• wokhala ndi moyo wongokhala komanso kugwira ntchito, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri mpaka 15-18 XE,
• odwala matenda ashuga akulimbikitsidwa kudya kuyambira pa 15 mpaka 20 XE patsiku (kuchuluka kwake kumatengera kuchuluka kwa matendawa ndipo akuyenera kuwerengedwa ndi adotolo omwe amapezekapo),
• ndipo mkate ndi mtundu wanji wa matenda ashuga 2? Ndi kunenepa kwambiri, kudya tsiku ndi tsiku kwa 10 XE.

Kuti muwerenge kuchuluka kwa XE pazogulitsa zinazake, muyenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu mu magalamu 100 a chinthu ichi ndikugawa manambala ndi 12 (kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu pamakudya omwe simunagwiritsidwe ntchito sizikumbukiridwa).

Anthu athanzi sathanso kuwerengera, koma odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuwerengera XE kuti asankhe kuchuluka kwa mankhwala a insulin (momwe XE yomwe munthu amadya, magawo ambiri omwe angafunikire kuwononga chakudya).

Pambuyo powerengera kuchuluka kwa tsiku lililonse la XE, wodwala matenda ashuga amayeneranso kugawa chakudya chamagulu tsiku lonse. Madokotala amalimbikitsa odwala awo kuti azidya pang'onopang'ono ndikugawa kuchuluka kwa tsiku lililonse kwa XE muzakudya zisanu ndi chimodzi.

Sikokwanira kudziwa momwe XE ili ndi matenda a shuga, ndikofunikanso kutsatira malamulo ena pakugawa kwawo tsiku ndi tsiku:

• simuyenera kudya nthawi imodzi zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi zakudya zoposa zisanu ndi ziwiri (zakudya zochuluka kwambiri zomwe zimadulidwa zimayambitsa kukwera kwa shuga m'magazi ndipo zimapangitsa kufunika kopeza insulin yayikulu),
• XE yayikulu iyenera kudyedwa muzakudya zazikulu zitatu: chakudya cham'mawa komanso nkhomaliro, tikulimbikitsidwa kudya zakudya zopanda XE yoposa sikisi, pa chakudya chamadzulo - zosaposa XE zinayi,
• XE yowonjezereka iyenera kumizidwa mu theka loyamba la tsiku (asanafike maola 12-14 masana),
• Magawo omwe atsala azigawika pakati pazakudya zazing'ono pakati pa chakudya chachikulu (pafupifupi XE imodzi kapena iwiri pachakudya chilichonse),
• onenepa kwambiri odwala matenda ashuga sayenera kungoganiza kuchuluka kwa XE m'zakudya zokha, komanso kuwunika zomwe zili ndi zakudya zopatsa mphamvu (zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zochulukirapo zingapangitse wodwala kuwonda kwambiri komanso kuwonongeka pamlingo wa wodwalayo),
• powerengera XE, palibe chifukwa choyezera zinthuzo pamiyeso; ngati mungakonde, wodwalayo azitha kuwerengetsa chizindikiro cha chidwi poyesa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimapezeka m'mabowo, magalasi, ndi zina zambiri.

Ngati wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amavutika kuwerengera chakudya, amafunika kufunsa dokotala.

Dokotala sangathandize kokha kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa XE muzogulitsazo, komanso kupanga mndandanda woyenerana sabata, poganizira momwe wodwalayo alili, mtundu wa matenda ashuga komanso mtundu wamatenda ake.

Pofuna kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta angapo m'matumbo osiyanasiyana, komanso kuchuluka kwa insulini kuti muchepetse mafuta omwe amwedwa, wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa chinthu chomwe chili ndi XE imodzi.

Anthu omwe akudwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa kuti XE imodzi ndi:

• hafu ya mkate wokwanira sentimita imodzi,
• theka la cheesecake,
• mitengo iwiri yaying'ono,
• chikondamoyo chimodzi, cheesecake kapena fritters,
• ma dumpl anayi
• nthochi imodzi, kiwi, timadzi tokoma kapena apulo,
• kachidutswa kakang'ono kamenyedwe kapena chivwende,
• ma tanger awiri kapena ma apricots,
• 10-12 zipatso za sitiroberi kapena yamatcheri,
• supuni ya wowuma mbatata kapena ufa wa tirigu,
• supuni imodzi ndi theka ya pasitala,
• supuni ya mafuta owiritsa, mpunga, barele, mapira kapena semolina,
• supuni zitatu za nyemba zowiritsa, nyemba kapena chimanga,
• supuni zisanu ndi imodzi za nandolo zobiriwira zamzitini,
• nyemba imodzi kapena mbatata,
• kaloti atatu apakati,
• kapu yamkaka, kirimu, mkaka wowotchera, kefir kapena yogati popanda zowonjezera,
• supuni yamitengo, maapulo owuma kapena nkhuyu,
• theka kapu ya madzi otumphuka, apulo kapena mandimu a lalanje,
• supuni ziwiri za shuga kapena uchi.

Mukamawerengera XE pakuphika, muyenera kuganizira zofunikira zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ngati munthu wodwala matenda ashuga asankha kuphika mbatata yosenda bwino, afunika kufotokoza mwachidule XE yomwe ili ndi mbatata yophika, batala, ndi mkaka.

Makanema okhudzana nawo

Momwe mungawerengere magawo a shuga:

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe amayang'anitsitsa shuga wamagazi amayenera kuyang'anira kwambiri kupangira zakudya zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku. Mukamasankha zakudya za odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, munthu ayenera kuganizira kuchuluka kwa mikate ingati yomwe ili m'zinthu zina. Njirayi ithandiza anthu kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikuwerengera kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe muyenera kudya mukatha kudya. Komanso, aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti zakudya zochepa zomwe zimapezeka mu zinthuzo, jakisoni wochepa yemwe angafune.

• Imakhazikika pamisempha ya shuga kwa nthawi yayitali
• Imabwezeretsa kapangidwe ka insulin

Phunzirani zambiri. Osati mankhwala. ->

Zovomerezeka zamasiku onse zokhala ndi shuga

Kuchuluka kwa XE komwe kumalimbikitsidwa tsiku lililonse kwa munthu aliyense kumatsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala, kutengera kulemera kwa thupi, ntchito, zaka komanso jenda ndi odwala matenda ashuga. Pa avareji, mitengo ya tsiku ndi tsiku mu XE ndi iyi:

1. Kunenepa kwenikweni:

• moyo wongokhala - okwanira magawo 15 a mkate,
• ntchito yokhala chete - magawo 18 a mkate,
• kuchuluka kwa zolimbitsa thupi ndi gawo lalikulu la 25 mkate,
• kuchuluka kwa zolimbitsa thupi - ambiri 30 magawo a mkate.

1. Kunenepa kwambiri:

• moyo wongokhala - ambiri magawo khumi a mkate,
• ntchito yokhala chete - magawo 13 a mkate,
• kuchuluka kwa zolimbitsa thupi ndi gawo lalikulu la mkate 17,
• kuchuluka kwa zolimbitsa thupi - ambiri 25 magawo mkate.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti shuga ndi matenda omwe amafunika kulangidwa ndi wodwala: kutsatira kwambiri malangizo a adokotala, kuwunika kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, zakudya zoyenera, komanso kuchuluka kwa zochita zolimbitsa thupi zomwe dokotala amaziwona.

Njira yophatikizidwa ngati imeneyi siyithandiza kungoyendetsa bwino matenda a shuga, komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima, mikwingwirima komanso zovuta zina za matendawa.

Magawo a mkate - XE - a shuga (tebulo la ashuga)

Ku Russia, malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa, odwala oposa mamiliyoni atatu amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga. M'malo mwake, alipo ochulukirapo mwa anthu awa, chifukwa sianthu onse omwe amadwala matendawa munthawi yake. Koma alipo ochepa omwe ali ndi lingaliro loyambirira la zomwe mkate (XE) uli.

Kuyeza kumeneku sikunatchulidwe mwangozi. Mafuta ambiri amapezeka mumtundu wa mkate, womwe amadulidwa kuti adye nawo. Kuwerengera molondola kwambiri ndi motere: 1 kagawo ka mkate = 25 g - 30 g = 12 g wama chakudya = 1XE.

M'malo mowopseza anthu odwala matenda ashuga kuti simungadye maswiti, apo ayi shuga sangamuke kwambiri ndipo metabolism isokonekera, ndibwino kuwaphunzitsa momwe angapangire zakudya zoyenera. Kuti muchite izi, ndikokwanira kuwerengera moyenera kuchuluka kwa XE muzakudya zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a shuga.

XE mu shuga ndi mtengo womwe umatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta. Misonkhano ikuluikulu 1 XE = 12 g yamafuta. Izi magalamu 12 a chakudya chamafuta, pamene amamwa, amachulukitsa glycemia ndi 2.77 mmol / L. Ndi ntchito yovutayi, magawo awiri a insulin amayenera kupirira. Popeza kuchuluka kwa insulin makonzedwe osafunikira kuti muwonjezere, muyenera kudzipatula pazogulazo, ndipo ena mpaka amadzipatula ku chakudya.

Kudziwa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chovomerezeka kwa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga patsiku ndi gawo lopatulika la aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga. Ndizosiyana kuti gawoli ndi lapadziko lonse lapansi, kotero chiwerengero cha XE ndizosavuta kuwerengera mukamagula. Phukusi lililonse lili ndi zidziwitso za kuchuluka kwa chakudya mu 100 g ya malonda. Kugawa nambala iyi ndi 12, mumapeza nambala ya XE.

Mndandanda wazakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndikugwiritsa ntchito

Kuti mupeze zowerengera, sikofunikira kuti nthawi zonse muzichita kuwerengera kulikonse kovuta m'malingaliro. Ndiosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito gome lomwe muyenera kukhala nalo kukhitchini, kenako kuloweza. Izi sizingoletsa shuga wambiri kulowa mthupi, komanso kutha kupanga mankhwala oyipa ndi omwe alibe vuto kapena XE yocheperako.

Chofunikira tsiku ndi tsiku ndi 18 - 25 XE. Gawani izi kuchuluka kwa chakudya 4-5-6. Kudya kamodzi kumawerengedwa pamagulu osaposa 7 a anthu odwala matenda ashuga, oposa theka la kuchuluka kwa chakudya chonse chamasana komanso chamadzulo.

Matenda A shuga: Mutha Kuwerengera? Kuwerenga?

Ndi zovuta ziti zomwe zimapweteka kwambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga? Kulephera kuwerengera magawo a mkate? Kukhumba kosaletseka kwa chipatso choletsedwa - zakudya zotsekemera? Kapena kusazindikira za chakudya chamafuta? Pa izi komanso zina zofunikanso patsamba la Health for All, Aili Saukas, namwino wa chipatala cha Ida-Tallinn Central Hospital, akuwunika chidwi chake.

Mavuto a odwala matenda ashuga a mtundu wachiwiri ndiwakuti samamwa mankhwalawa malinga ndi njira, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, shuga wamagazi amakwera kwambiri - kuwonongeka kwamitsempha yamtima, ubongo, maso, ndi miyendo. Ngati mukuiwala kumwa mapilitsi kapena kupereka jakisoni munthawi yake, ndiye kuti shuga adzadumpha ndipo zovuta zimupeza wodwalayo mwachangu kuposa njira yoyendetsedwa bwino ndi matendawa.

Nkhani ina mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 amakhala achinyamata. Nthawi zambiri amasuntha kwambiri, koma kwa iwo, kulephera kapena kusafuna kuwerengera magawo omwe amapanga buledi omwe amapanga chakudya kumakhala ndi vuto. Mwachindunji: pakakhala zotsekemera kwambiri menyu, ndiye kuti insulin yambiri imafunikira, ndipo muyenera kupenda mosamala kuchuluka kwa insulini iyi yomwe muyenera kulowa. Tsoka ilo, izi sizotheka nthawi zonse kwa anthu.

Momwe mungasinthire chakudya chanu

Zachidziwikire, anthu sangathe kuchita popanda maswiti. Nthawi zina mutha kudzichitira nokha, titi, maswiti, koma ndiye muyenera kudziwa kuti kumawonjezera shuga m'magazi kuposa chidutswa cha mikate yoyera. Chifukwa chake, chidutswa ichi chidzayenera kusiyidwa. Ndipo mukayamba kuyenda maswiti oterowo, ndiye kuti shuga m'magaziwo sadzatuluka.

China chake ndi chakuti ngati munthu wokhala pa TV ali wokonzeka kudya maswiti pang'ono. Zakudya zam'madzi mwachangu pakakhala kuti sizoyenda mwachilengedwe zimabweretsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Zimachitika kuti wodwala matenda ashuga afunsa funso: kodi sizophweka kusiya mafuta ambiri m'malo mowerengera mkate? Tiyeni titenge ma bioadditives okhala ndi chromium, omwe akuganiziridwa kuti amachepetsa kulakalaka kwa shuga. Komabe, zowonjezera pazakudya, ngakhale sizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito, matenda a shuga samathandizidwa.

Kuchiza malinga ndi chiwembu chomwe adokotala akuwonetsa adokotala ndikofunikira. Mankhwala okhala ndi chromium amathandiziradi kupondereza chilala, koma mphamvu zake pakapita matendawa ndizovutirapo kuposa momwe munthu adaganizira zomwe zakudya zimachulukitsa shuga, zomwe zimachepera, zomwe zimachitika pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimachitika mwachangu.

Malinga ndi iwo, chrome sichithandiza anthu ena konse, pomwe ena amati akuwona kusintha kuchokera pamenepa. Zowonjezera sizingachite chozizwitsa.M'malo mwake, chilimbikitso chimatha kutsitsidwa m'njira yovomerezeka, pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa osati zopatsa mphamvu za mbale, komanso kuchuluka kwake.

Iwo omwe ali ndi mankhwala a insulin ayenera kukhala ndi njira yosinthira. Kungoganiza, titi, phwando lochulukirapo, wodwala matenda ashuga "amatha" kuwunjikana "mwakuwonjezera magawo a insulin yovomerezeka. Komabe, mankhwalawa atenga insulin yayitali. Zochita zake zimapangidwa kwa maola 24, ndipo kuwonjezeka mosamala kwa mlingo kungayambitse kutsika kwa shuga - hypoglycemia, yoopsa kwa wodwala.

Anamwino odwala matenda ashuga amaphunzitsa: ngati mukufuna zoletsedwa - yikani mkate womwewo. Nenani, kudya kagawo ka mkate ndi ofanana ndi magawo anayi a buledi, ndiye kuti magawo awiri a mkate. Kenako zidzakhala zofunikira kuchepetsa kuchepetsedwa kwa mbatata kapena pasitala yomwe mumakonda kwambiri - m'mawu ena, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya china.

Palibe ziletso zolimba

Pali miyezo ya FDA (kasamalidwe kantchito zamtundu wapadziko lonse), malinga ndi momwe zilembo zamalonda zimayenera kutsatiridwa ndi deta pamtengo wawo wamagetsi ndi kuchuluka kwa mashuga, chakudya, mafuta. Kodi zili bwanji zoona kuti munthu wodwala matenda ashuwere azitsatira manambala pa zilembo? Kodi izi zikumveka? Zachidziwikire zilipo. Kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi cholesterol yambiri komanso mafuta, komanso ngakhale ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kuti azisankha bwino zinthu zabwino.

Palibe namwino wazachipatala yemwe anganene kuti wodwala yemwe ali ndi shuga amawunika ma kilocalories tsiku ndi tsiku - momwe amathandizira poyambira shuga amathandizidwa, pomwe kuwonjezeka kwake kumatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi chakudya. Tiyenera kumvetsetsa bwino kuti gawo limodzi la mkate ndi 10 g yamafuta - kuchuluka kwake komwe kumawonjezera shuga m'magazi.

Mwachitsanzo, shuga wamagazi ndi 5 mmol / l, munthu amadya apulo (10 g yamafuta) - ndipo patatha maola awiri shuga yake imakwera ndi pafupifupi 2 mayunitsi - imakhala 7 mmol / l.

Asayansi apeza njira zothandizira kukwaniritsa kufanana, chifukwa kafukufuku sasiya momwe zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimakhudzira shuga wamagazi: momwe zimakhalira, kuchuluka kwake momwe zingagwirizane ndi magawo a mkate. Kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, kuti athe kuthana ndi matenda ake, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro omwe apangidwa kale.

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi monga matenda ashuga, matenda a shuga a insulin, magawo a mkate

Ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga, mumabaya insulin ndi syringe, kodi mungathe kudya ngati anthu ena onse? Mutha kutero. Koma pa izi muyenera kutsatira malamulo angapo omwe amapita mu moyo wa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Chifukwa chake, mwa munthu wopanda matenda a shuga, kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa magazi sikukwera pamwamba pa 7.8 mmol / L. Makina amenewa timawatcha "autopilot" wa kapamba. Koma inu mwakana izi Ndiye kuti, insulini simalowa m'magazi.

Ngati mulibe insulin m'magazi, ndiye kuti palibe kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi mutatha kudya, kuchuluka kwa shuga sikuti kumangopita pazaka wamba, komanso kupitirira gawo lachiwonetsero, kotero shuga amayamba kulowa mkodzo.

"Autopilot" ikakana, tiyenera kunyamula helm. Tiyeni tiyesere kusinthira ku "control control". Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuphunzira kulosera kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi mukatha kudya. Zakudya zimakhala ndi magulu atatu azakudya zazikulu: mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya. Chakudyacho chilinso ndi mavitamini, mchere wamchere ndi madzi. Chofunikira kwambiri kwa inu pazonsezi ndi chakudya chamafuta.

Zakudya zomanga thupi pokhapokha mutatha kudya zimawonjezera shuga. Zakudya zina zonse sizimakhudzanso shuga pambuyo chakudya. Ngati mumadya sangweji ndi batala, ndipo theka la ola lanu mulingo wamagazi ukuwonjezeka, ndiye kuti izi zinachitika ndi mkate, osati kuchokera ku batala.

Pali zinthu ngati zopatsa kalori. Kalori ndi mphamvu yochuluka yomwe imapangidwa mu khungu la thupi panthawi ya "kuyaka" mkati mwake. Palibe kulumikizana mwachindunji pakati pa zakudya za kalori komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga. Chifukwa chake, padziko lonse lapansi, madokotala ndi odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda osokoneza bongo amakhulupirira kuti simuyenera kulingalira zopatsa mphamvu ngati mulibe kuchuluka kwa thupi.

Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zokha zopatsa mphamvu zokha zomwe zimatulutsa shuga m'magazi anu. Chifukwa chake, tikambirana zinthu izi zokha m'zakudya. Koma! Muyenera kutsatira malingaliro onse pakudziyang'anira pawokha.

Popanda tsiku ndi tsiku, kudziyang'anira nokha kuchuluka kwa shuga, simudzatha kudya chakudya chaulere.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya chakudya:

1. Zotupa (onjezani shuga)

kugaya msanga (shuga) kofinya (mbatata, mbewu monga chimanga)

2. Zosapanga bwino (musachulukitse shuga)

kopanda (pepala, khungwa la mtengo) sungunuka (kabichi).

Tizikumbukira chakudya chonse chomanga thupi. Posavuta kuwerengera chakudya cham'mimba, amagwiritsa ntchito lingaliro longa mkate (XE). XE imodzi imakhala ndi 10 - 12 magalamu. chakudya cham'mimba. Podziwa dongosolo la XE, wodwalayo amatha kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu m'zakudya zomwe akufuna kudya. Chifukwa chake, amatha kuwerengera mosavuta kuchuluka kwa insulin yochepa.

Insulin imodzi yopanda inshuwaransi XE imakweza shuga m'magazi ndi pafupifupi 1.5 - 1.9 mmol / L. Kudziwa kuchuluka kwa XE yomwe mumadya, mutha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi omwe angakwere, motero, mwina akhoza kukhala ndi insulin molondola. Zitsanzo za zakudya zosakonzeka zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chamafuta:

chidutswa chimodzi cha mkate uliwonse - 1 XE. Ichi ndi chidutswa wamba cha mkate, makulidwe ake amakhala pafupifupi 1 cm., Breadcrumbs - supuni 1 - 1 XE, ufa ndi wowuma - supuni 1 - 1 XE, pasitala - m'mazenera atatu a pasitala yophika - 2 XE, phala ndi phala, 1 XE ili ndi supuni ziwiri za chimanga chilichonse chophika.

Supuni zitatu za pasitala zimakulitsa shuga m'magazi chimodzimodzi ndi supuni 4 za buckwheat, ngati magawo awiri a mkate, chifukwa nthawi zonse muzidya 2 XE. Kusankha kwazogulitsa kumangodalira inu ndi zomwe mumakonda, zizolowezi.

Kodi mumakonda phala yamtundu wanji - yabwino kapena yosokoneza? Izi sizofunikira. Mukungoyenera kumvetsetsa kuti zakudya zambiri zikaphikidwa, kumizidwa mwachangu kudzachitika. Liquid semolina imatengeka mosavuta, chifukwa chake, itatha kudya, shuga m'magazi amadzuka mofulumira kuposa mutatha kudya mpunga wakuda.

Nthanga. Nyemba, nyemba, mphodza malinga ndi XE zitha kunyalanyazidwa, chifukwa 1 XE ili ndi supuni 7 za zinthu izi. Ngati mumadya supuni 7 kapena kuposapo 7, ndiye kuti muwerengera.

Zinthu zamkaka. Galasi imodzi yamkaka - 1 XE. Mafuta ndi kirimu wowawasa safunikira kuganiziridwa. Zokoma Shuga - supuni 1 - 1 XE. Ice cream (100g.) - 1.5-2XE. Nyama ndi nsomba. Izi sizikhala ndi ma carbohydrate, chifukwa sizifunikira kuyang'aniridwa ndi XE. Kulemba zamagulu ndikofunikira kokha ndi njira zapadera zophikira. Mukapanga cutlets, mumawonjezera mkate wozikika mkaka ku nyama yophika. Asanakhazikike, ma cutlets amawagudubuza matebulo, ndi nsomba mu ufa. Nsomba nthawi zina zimaphikidwa mu mtanda. Muzochitika izi, ndikofunikira kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa XE pazogulitsa zoyambirira monga momwe tidaganizira zikondamoyo. Zomera zozikika. Kuwerengera kwa XE kumafuna mbatata. Mbatata imodzi yolimba ndi 1 XE. Kutengera njira yokonzekera, kokha kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe am'mimba m'mimba kumasintha. Njira yokhayo ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'matumbo osenda pamadzi, mbatata zophika lonse - pang'onopang'ono, komanso yokazinga - ngakhale pang'ono. Zomera zomwe zatsala zitha kunyalanyazidwa ngati muzigwiritsa ntchito zochuluka osapitilira 1 XE.
Kaloti - 3 yayikulu - 1 XE.
Beets - 1 yayikulu - 1 XE, Zipatso, zipatso. Mphesa zimakhala ndi chakudya chochuluka: 3 - 4 mphesa zazikulu - 1 XE. Hafu ya mphesa, nthochi kapena chimanga - 1 XE. Apple, pichesi, lalanje, peyala, Persimmon, kagawo ka vwende kapena chivwende - 1XE. 3-4 kukula kwa tangerine, apurikoti, maula - 1XE. Strawberry, yamatcheri, yamatcheri - msuzi umodzi - 1XE. Ma rasipiberi, sitiroberi, mabulosi abuluu, ma buluu, ma currants, lingonberry, mabulosi akuda - kapu imodzi - 1 XE. Zakumwa. 1XE ili ndi 1/3 chikho cha mphesa,? makapu a apulosi madzi, 1 chikho cha kvass, mowa.

Malangizo onse

Pakudya kamodzi pa jakisoni wa insulin yochepa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musadye mopitilira 7XE. Ngati muyenera kudya zochulukirapo, ndiye kuti muyenera kupanga jakisoni wowonjezera wa insulin. Mwa mawu oti "chakudya chimodzi" tikutanthauza kadzutsa woyamba ndi wachiwiri, nkhomaliro kapena chakudya chamadzulo.

Zamasamba. Zakudya izi ndizovomerezeka kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti thupi likufunikira mapuloteni onse.

Njala. Zakudya zamtunduwu ndizosavomerezeka kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kumatha kuyambitsa kusintha kwachilendo m'magazi, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kulipira.

Dongosolo la XE limakhala ndi zovuta zake: kusankha zakudya malinga ndi XE kokha sikungokhala kwachilengedwe, popeza mbali zonse zofunika za chakudya ziyenera kupezeka m'zakudya: chakudya, mapuloteni, mafuta, mavitamini, ndi michere.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugawa zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku zopatsa mphamvu motere: 60% chakudya, 30% mapuloteni, 10% mafuta. Simuyenera kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, mafuta ndi zopatsa mphamvu. Ingodyani mafuta ochepa ndi nyama yamafuta momwe mungathere ndi masamba ndi zipatso zambiri momwe mungathere. Mfundo zachikhalidwe zopatsa thanzi izi zimagwira ntchito kwa anthu onse, osati odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga okha.