Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amalolera kuti azitsatira ngati mankhwala osankhidwa bwino agwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma nthawi zina, kusintha kwa thupi kwa insulin kapena zowonjezera za mankhwala, komanso zinthu zina, zitha kuonedwa.

Mawonekedwe am'deralo ndi hypersensitivity, tsankho

Mawonetsedwe am'deralo pamalo opangira jakisoni. Izi zimaphatikizapo kupweteka, redness, kutupa, kuyabwa, urticaria, ndi njira zotupa.

Zambiri mwa zizindikirozi zimakhala zofatsa ndipo zimakonda kuwoneka masiku angapo kapena masabata atayamba kulandira chithandizo. Nthawi zina, pangafunike kusintha insulin ndi mankhwala okhala ndi zoteteza zina kapena okhazikika.

Hypersensitivity yomweyo - matupi awo sagwirizana amakula nthawi zambiri. Amatha kupangika pa insulin palokha komanso pazinthu zina zothandizira, ndikuwonetsa monga mawonekedwe a khungu:

1. bronchospasm,
2. angioedema
3. dontho mu kuthamanga kwa magazi, mantha.

Ndiye kuti, onsewa amatha kukhala pachiwopsezo pamoyo wa wodwalayo. Ndi mitundu yonse ya ziwengo, ndikofunika kusintha mankhwalawo posachedwa kukhala ndi insulin, komanso ndikofunikira kuchita anti-allergen.

Kulekerera kwa insulin chifukwa cha kugwa kwachulukidwe ka nthawi yayitali kokhala glycemia. Ngati zoterezi zikuchitika, ndiye kuti muyenera kukhalabe ndi glucose pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri kwa masiku pafupifupi 10, kuti thupi lizitha kuzolowerana ndi mtengo wabwino.

Zowonongeka ndi mawonekedwe a sodium

Zotsatira zoyipa kuchokera kumbali yakuwonekera. Kusintha kwamphamvu m'magazi a shuga m'magazi chifukwa chalamulo kumatha kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwakanthawi, monga minofu turgor ndi kusintha kwa mandala kuyerekeza ndi kuchepa kwa kukana kwamaso.

Kuchita kotereku kuonedwa kumayambiriro kwa kugwiritsa ntchito insulin. Izi sizikusowa chithandizo, mumangofunika:

• chepetsani vuto la maso
• gwiritsani ntchito kompyuta yocheperako
• werengani zochepa
• penyani TV yochepera.

Odwala ayenera kudziwa kuti izi sizowopsa ndipo masabata angapo masabata adzabwezeretsedwa.

Kupangidwe kwa ma antibodies kumayambiriro kwa insulin. Nthawi zina ndi izi, ndikofunikira kuchita kusintha kwa kumwa mankhwalawa kuti muthane ndi vuto lokhala ndi hyper- kapena hypoglycemia.

Nthawi zina, insulin imachedwa sodium excretion, zomwe zimapangitsa kutupa. Izi ndizowona makamaka ngati milandu ya insulin ikulimbitsa kwambiri.

Insulin edema imachitika koyambirira kwa njira yochizira, siyowopsa ndipo nthawi zambiri imatha masiku atatu mpaka 4, ngakhale nthawi zina imatha mpaka milungu iwiri. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe mungabayire insulin.

Lipodystrophy ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Lipodystrophy. Itha kuwonetsa ngati lipoatrophy (kutayika kwa minofu ya subcutaneous) ndi lipohypertrophy (kuchuluka kwa minofu).

Ngati jakisoni wa insulin alowa mu lipodystrophy zone, ndiye kuti mayamwidwe a insulin angachedwetse, zomwe zingayambitse kusintha kwa pharmacokinetics.

Kuchepetsa mawonetseredwe a izi kapena kuletsa kuwoneka kwa lipodystrophy, tikulimbikitsidwa kusinthana malo a jekeseni mkati mwa malire amalo amodzi a thupi omwe amapangidwira kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin mosadukiza.

Mankhwala ena amachepetsa mphamvu yochepetsera shuga ya insulin. Mankhwalawa akuphatikizapo:

• glucocorticosteroids,
• okodzetsa
• danazol
• diazoxide
• isoniazid
• glucagon,
• estrogens ndi gestagen,
• kukula kwamafuta,
• phenothiazine zotumphukira,
• mahomoni a chithokomiro,
• sympathomimetics (salbutamol, adrenaline).

Mowa ndi clonidine ungayambitse kuwonjezeka ndi kufooka kwa hypoglycemic chifukwa cha insulin. Pentamidine imatha kubweretsa hypoglycemia, yomwe imasinthidwa ndi hyperglycemia, monga chinthu chotsatira.

Zotsatira zina zoyipa ndi zotsatira zake

Somoji syndrome ndi posthypoglycemic hyperglycemia yomwe imachitika chifukwa cha kuponderezedwa kwa zotsatira za ma contra-mahormoni (glucagon, cortisol, STH, catecholamines) chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa glucose m'maselo aubongo. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti mu 30% ya odwala matenda a shuga opatsirana amakhala ndi vuto losatsimikizika la hypoglycemia, izi sizovuta ndi vuto la hypoglycemic coma, koma sayenera kunyalanyazidwa.

Mahomoni omwe ali pamwambawa amalimbikitsa glycogenolysis, vuto linanso. Pomwe kuthandizira kufunikira kwa insulin m'magazi.

Koma mahomoni awa, monga lamulo, amasungidwa mokulira kwambiri kuposa momwe amafunikira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mayankho a glycemia alinso ochulukirapo kuposa mtengo.

Vutoli limatha kukhala maola angapo mpaka masiku angapo ndipo limatchulidwa kwambiri m'mawa.

Kufunika kwakukulu kwa hyperglycemia yam'mawa nthawi zonse kumabweretsa funso: kuchuluka kapena kusowa kwa insulin yayitali kwa nthawi yayitali? Yankho lolondola lidzatsimikizira kuti kagayidwe kazakudya kamakhala ndi ndalama zambiri, chifukwa mu vuto limodzi, insulin ya usiku iyenera kuchepetsedwa, ndipo kwina iyenera kuwonjezeka kapena kugawidwa mosiyanasiyana.

"Morning Dawn Phenomenon" ndi mkhalidwe wa hyperglycemia m'mawa (kuyambira maola 4 mpaka 9) chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa glycogenolysis, komwe glycogen m'chiwindi imasweka chifukwa chobisalira kwambiri ma mahomoni a contrainsulin popanda kudziwika kwa hypoglycemia.

Zotsatira zake, kukana insulini kumachitika komanso kufunikira kwa insulin kumawonjezereka, zitha kudziwika pano kuti:

• Zosowa zoyambira zili pamtunda womwewo kuyambira 10 koloko mpaka pakati pausiku.
• Kuchepetsa kwake ndi 50% kumachitika kuyambira 12 koloko mpaka 4 a.m.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa mtengo womwewo kuyambira 4 mpaka 9 m'mawa.

Ndizovuta kwambiri kutsimikiza khansa ya glycemia usiku, chifukwa ngakhale amakono, omwe amakhala akukonzekera insulin, sangathe kutengera kusintha kwakuthupi kotereku.

Munthawi ya physiologic yomwe imayambitsa kuchepa kwa insulin usiku, vuto lomwe limachitika chifukwa cha kugona kwa usiku ndi kuyambitsidwa kwa mankhwala osafunikira asanagone chifukwa chowonjezeka pantchito ya insulin yayitali. Kukonzekera kwanthawi yayitali (kopanda pake), mwachitsanzo, glargine, kungathandize kuthetsa vutoli.

Mpaka pano, palibe etiotropic chithandizo cha mtundu 1 shuga mellitus, ngakhale kuyesera kukulitsa izi kukupitirirabe.

Zambiri

Insulini ndi timadzi tomwe timapangidwa ndi ma cell a beta a ma isls a Langerhans mu kapamba. Kuphatikiza kwa insulini kumakhala kosavomerezeka ndi kuwonongeka kwa gland. Nthawi yomweyo, osati chakudya chokha, koma mitundu yonse ya kagayidwe imasokonekera.

Monga mankhwala, idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu 1922 pochiza matenda a shuga 1. Zambiri za insulin Madzi amachititsa kuti shuga asungidwe ndi magawo amthupi mwa kuthana ndi shuga mwa chakudya.

Maselo chifukwa cha izi amadzazidwa ndi mphamvu. Glucose owonjezera nthawi zonse amasungidwa ngati gawo la glycogen m'chiwindi ndipo amawadyedwa pakafunika. Pambuyo pake, cholesterol imapangidwa kuchokera kumalo ano. Ndipo zimachitikanso ndi insulin.

Monga mahomoni aliwonse, amafunika mulingo wofanana, kusinthasintha kulikonse komwe kumachitika kungawopseze thupi ndi zovuta. Ndi kusowa kwake, shuga amadziunjikira m'matumba, amayamba kukhazikika pamenepo.

Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin:

• imapangitsa kaphatikizidwe wa mapuloteni, imasunga mawonekedwe awo,
• amalimbikitsa kukula kwa minofu
• kudzera pakupanga glycogen, imathandizira kukhalabe ndi mphamvu mu minofu.

Zotsatira zoyipa ndi zochita kuchokera ku insulin, i.e. mbali yake yoyipa:

• amalimbikitsa kudziunjikira kwamafuta potenga nawo gawo pakutseka lipase,
• imawonjezera kupanga kwa LCD,
• Imalepheretsa makhoma amitsempha yamagazi ndikuwonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi,
• okhudzidwa ndi kuwonekera kwa maselo atypical.

Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi kumakhala mu 3 mpaka 28 mcED / ml.

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda a shuga 1 ndi hyper- kapena hypoglycemia. Pakakhala njira zochotsera nthawi, izi zitha kukhala zovuta.

Kugwiritsa ntchito insulin

Insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito osati pothandiza odwala matenda ashuga okha, komanso nthawi zina zambiri, nthawi zambiri osavomerezeka. Mwachitsanzo, omanga thupi amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ngati anabolic, ngakhale madokotala sanatsimikizire izi mahomoni.

Komanso, okonda oterowo amadzisankhira okha, omwe sangachite popanda zotsatira. Kuphatikiza apo, atsikana aang'ono odwala matenda ashuga amatha kugwiritsa ntchito insulin kuwongolera thupi, komanso achinyamata pakulimbana ndi vuto losokoneza bongo.

Mlingo wa insulin ndi dokotala nthawi zonse amasankhidwa kwa wodwalayo payekhapayekha, komwe miyeso yokhazikika ya shuga imachitika, zomwe zimachitika, kuchuluka, msinkhu wa zovuta za kapamba zimakhudzidwa.

Ndi chithandizo cha insulini, kudziletsa kwambiri ndikofunikira. Pachifukwa ichi, wodwalayo ayenera kukhala ndi glucometer pafupi. Ndikosatheka kusintha mlingo wa mankhwalawo kapena kukana kubaya nokha.

Mlingo wa insulin

Mlingo wotetezeka wa mankhwalawa popanda zovuta kwa anthu wathanzi ndi magawo a 2-4. Koma mu odwala matenda ashuga, kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa ngakhale ndi 1 U / kg kumapereka zotsatira. Chifukwa chake, kuwerengera kwa tsiku ndi tsiku Mlingo umodzi kwa iwo kumachitika kokha ndi madokotala malinga ndi malingaliro apadera. Amaphunzitsanso odwala momwe angagwiritsire ntchito komanso kuwongolera insulin.

Palibe mitundu yakumapeto chifukwa amaganizira:

• kulemera, msambo wodwala, mkhalidwe wake,
• gawo la matenda
• mtundu wa insulin yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito,
• nthawi yatsiku la jakisoni wa insulin,
• ntchito zake kutengera ndi chakudya,
• kuchuluka kwa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, mankhwala a GI,
• mwa amayi apakati, trimester ya mimba imatengedwa.

Mlingo wowopsa nawonso umakhala payekha, koma pafupifupi amasiyana kuchokera pa 100 mpaka 500 mayunitsi.

Zotsatira zake za insulin, zimawoneka ngati kuukira kwa hypoglycemia. Ndipo ngati munthu wamba sangathe kupitirira 4 IU, omanga thupi amadziyendetsa okha mpaka 20 IU patsiku.

Saziganizira kuti hypoglycemia yachilengedwe imachitika ndi mphamvu zamagetsi, ndipo kukhalapo kwa insulin yowonjezera kungayambitse kufa ambiri.

Mwa odwala matenda ashuga, mlingo wa insulini womwe ungayambitsidwe ungakhale 20 mpaka 50 magawo.

Amayambitsa Insulin

Zomwe zimayambitsa bongo zimaphatikizapo:

1. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amapezeka ngati mwangozi amaperekedwa kwa munthu wathanzi.
2. Zalakwika pakuwerengera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali.
3. Sinthani mumtundu wa insulin ndi mtundu wa syringe.
4. Kuwongolera kolakwika: mmalo mwa p / dermal - mu / minofu.
5. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi popanda kumwa chakudya kapena pang'ono.
6. Zolakwa za wodwalayo iyemwini poyambitsa insulin yofulumira kapena pang'onopang'ono, makamaka kwa oyamba kumene. Kuphatikiza apo, wodwalayo amatha kulowa molakwika m'malo mwa 30 mayunitsi. Kutalika ndi 10 magawo. mwachidule, lowetsani 30 magawo. mwachidule.
7. Nditamwa mankhwalawo, kunalibe chakudya chamafuta.
8. Kuphatikiza kwa insulin yayifupi komanso yayitali nthawi yomweyo.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zonse azikhala ndi chakudya chambiri choteteza ku hypoglycemia - maswiti, ma muffins, maswiti, chokoleti. Komanso, nthawi zina, thupi limakhala lothodwetsa mankhwala. Izi zitha kuphatikizira kutenga pakati (makamaka 1 trimester), kulephera kwaimpso, hepatosis.

Osamagwiritsa ntchito insulin mukamamwa mowa. Koma odwala ambiri sachita izi. Chifukwa chake, madokotala akuwonetsa kuti akutsatira malamulo ena akumwa:

• musanamwe mowa, muyenera kuchepetsa mlingo,
• chakudya chamafuta komanso pang'onopang'ono,
• zakumwa zopepuka zokha - zosaposa 10% mowa.
• pambuyo mowa tsiku lotsatira, mlingo uyenera kusintha.

Wodzipereka makamaka ayenera kukumbukira kuti mowa mwa mawonekedwe a zakumwa zowerengeka umaloledwa pokhapokha pakuwonongeka kwa shuga, mutatha kudya komanso kuchuluka kwa 330 ml ya mowa wowuma kapena 150 ml ya vinyo wowuma.

Imfa siyofanana ndi aliyense ndipo imatsimikiziridwa ndi machitidwe a thupi (kulemera kwa thupi, moyo, zakudya, ndi zina). Pali odwala omwe amalekerera 300-400 IU ya insulin.

Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin: bwanji?

Nthawi zina odwala omwe amapezeka ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amakumana ndi mfundo yoti zovuta zingapo za insulin zimawonetsedwa. Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin zimatha kuwonetsedwa ndi kusintha kwa thupi lawo, njira zotupa ndi kusintha kwina.

Zotsatira za jakisoni zimatengera umunthu wa munthu, kulondola kwa mlingo wosankhidwa ndi njira yothandizira mankhwalawo.

Kuchuluka kwa anthu kumalekerera mankhwalawa.

Kodi katundu wa insulin wamkulu ndi uti?

Mthupi la munthu, insulini ya mahomoni imapangidwa ndi kapamba ndipo amachepetsa kuchepetsa magazi. Ntchito yayikulu yahomoniyi ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndikusunga amino acid, mafuta acid ndi glucose pama cellular.

Kwa zaka zambiri, kupanga insulini kwakhala kukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza matenda osokoneza bongo, ndipo adagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamasewera othamanga komanso omanga thupi (monga anabolic).

Zotsatira zazikulu za insulin ndizotsatira zotsatirazi:

• amathandizira kuchotsa michere m'chiwindi, minofu ya adipose ndi minofu yotuluka m'magazi,
• imayendetsa kagayidwe kachakudya kotero kuti thupi limatulutsa mphamvu yayikulu yamafuta, kusunga mapuloteni ndi mafuta.

Kuphatikiza apo, insulin imagwira ntchito zotsatirazi:

• ali ndi kuthekera kosunga ndi kuphatikiza shuga mumitsempha ndi minyewa ya adipose,
• imalola kukonza kwa shuga m'maselo a chiwindi mu glycogen,
• amathandizira kuwonjezera mafuta kagayidwe kachakudya,
• Ndi cholepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni,
• kumawonjezera kagayidwe kachakudya njira mu minofu minofu.

Insulin ndi chimodzi mwamahomoni omwe amathandizira kukula ndikukula kwabwino kwa mwana, chifukwa chake ana amafunikira kupangidwa kwa mahomoni kofunikira ndi kapamba.

Mlingo wa insulin mwachindunji umadalira chakudya chamunthuyo komanso moyo wokangalika. Chifukwa chake, zakudya zambiri zotchuka zimapangidwa motengera mfundo iyi.

Mu matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, palibe insulin yopanga thupi, yomwe imapangitsa wodwalayo kuti azisowa jakisoni wa mahomoni ena aliwonse.

Mitundu ndi mitundu yamankhwala amakono

Masiku ano, pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zopezera insulin:

mankhwala opangira mankhwala omwe amapezeka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje amakono,

mankhwala omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha kupangika kwa mahomoni ndi zikondamoyo za nyama (zomwe sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mankhwala amakono ndizomwe zinachitika zaka zapitazo).

Kenako, mankhwala opangira akhoza kukhala:

1. Insulin yocheperako komanso yocheperako, yomwe imagwira kale ntchito mphindi makumi awiri pambuyo pa kupangika, imaphatikizira actrapid, cholembera wa humulin komanso insuman-yachilendo. Mankhwalawa amasungunuka ndipo amalamulidwa mosavuta. Nthawi zina pamakhala jakisoni wamkati kapena wamkati. Ntchito yapamwamba kwambiri ya mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa imayamba maola awiri kapena atatu pambuyo pa jekeseni. Insulin yotere imagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga lamulo, kuwongolera ma spikes a m'magazi ngati kuphwanya zakudya kapena kugwedezeka kwamphamvu mumtima.
2. Malangizo a nthawi yayitali.Mankhwalawa amakhudza thupi kuyambira maola khumi ndi asanu mpaka tsiku. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kwa odwala matenda a shuga ndikokwanira kupanga jakisoni awiri kapena atatu patsiku. Monga lamulo, zinc kapena protamine imaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwalawa, omwe amapereka gawo lofunikira la mayamwidwe m'magazi ndikuyenda pang'onopang'ono.
3. Mankhwala okhalitsa. Chikhalidwe chawo chachikulu ndikuti zotsatira za jakisoni zimatha nthawi yayitali - kuyambira maola makumi awiri ndi atatu kudza zisanu ndi chimodzi. Kuchita kwa insulin kumayamba kuwonekera ola limodzi kapena awiri kuchokera nthawi yomwe jakisoni. Nthawi zambiri, madokotala amapereka mankhwala amtunduwu kwa odwala omwe ali ndi chidwi chochepa kwambiri cha mahomoni, anthu achikulire ndi iwo omwe amayenera kupita kuchipatala kuti akamwe.

Dokotala wokhayo amene angapereke mankhwala kwa wodwala, motero nkovuta kudziwa kuti insulin ndiyabwino bwanji. Kutengera ndi zovuta za matendawa, kufunikira kwa mahomoni ndi zinthu zina zingapo, mankhwala oyenera kwa wodwalayo amasankhidwa. Chofunikira ndichakuti munthu ali ndi zaka zingati.

Zimakhulupirira kuti zimapeza mafuta kuchokera ku insulin, koma ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti ndi matenda ashuga, njira zambiri za metabolic zomwe zimachitika mthupi zimasokonekera. Chifukwa chake, mavuto okhala ndi kunenepa kwambiri kwa wodwala angawonedwe.

Mutha kupeza mafuta chifukwa cha zinthu zina zambiri, zoyipa za insulin zimakhala ndi machitidwe ena.

Kodi zotsatira zoyipa za insulin therapy zingawonekere bwanji?

Ngakhale kufunikira kogwiritsa ntchito mahomoni, pali chiopsezo cha kayendetsedwe ka insulin. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, odwala ena amawona zabwino kuchokera pakukhazikika kwa mankhwalawo, kuzigwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yoposa chaka, pomwe ena angadandaule chifukwa cha zovuta zosiyanasiyana zoyipa. Pankhaniyi, ziwengo zimatha kuchitika kokha osati pazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso mbali zina zamankhwala. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha jekeseni wosalekeza, vuto limatha kubuka, momwe mungachotsere ma cones kapena ma cones.

Kodi chiwopsezo cha insulin ndi chiyani? Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha insulin.

1. Kuwonetsedwa kwa thupi lawo siligwirizana m'malo omwe jakisoni amapangidwira. Itha kudziwonetsa yokha mwa mitundu yofiira, kuyabwa, kutupa, kapena njira yotupa.
2. Pali mwayi wokhala ndi ziwengo chifukwa cha Hypersensitivity chimodzi mwazolemba za mankhwala. Mawonetsedwe ake akuluakulu ndi matenda apakhungu, kukula kwa bronchospasm.
3. Aliyense tsankho kwa mankhwala chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa hyperglycemia.
4. Mavuto amawonedwe akhoza kuchitika. Monga lamulo, insulin yotere imayambitsa mavuto osakhalitsa. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu ndikuchepetsa mavuto aliwonse ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kuli mtendere.
5. Nthawi zina, thupi la munthu limatha kupanga ma antibodies poyankha mankhwala.
6. Nthawi yoyamba kumayambiriro kwa kudya, ngozi ya insulin imatha kuwoneka ngati kutupika kwambiri, komwe kumatha masiku ochepa. Edema imatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuchedwa kwakwaniritsidwa kwa sodium ndi thupi. Monga lamulo, odwala omwe akhala akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwa zaka zambiri samakumana ndi vutoli.

Ngati kukonzekera kwa insulin kumayendetsedwa, zotsatira zoyipa zimatha chifukwa cha kuyanjana ndi mankhwala ena. Popewa zovuta zoyipa mukamamwa insulini, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala aliwonse ofunika kumayenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi adokotala.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito insulin, mavuto obwera chifukwa cha mankhwalawa sangachitike pokhapokha ngati wodwala amamvera malangizo onse a dokotala.

Kodi zotsutsana ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi ziti?

Mankhwala a insulin akhoza kukhala ndi zotsutsana zingapo. Kumwa mankhwalawo mwachindunji kumatengera moyo wa wodwalayo komanso zakudya zoyenera.

Mukamatsatira malangizo onse a dokotala, mungathe kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zomwe zingakhudze kukhalapo kwa contraindication ndi kuchuluka kwa zaka komanso thanzi lonse la wodwalayo.

Mankhwala a insulin ndi oletsedwa zotsatirazi:

• Kukula kwa hypoglycemia mu shuga kungayambitse zovuta,
• Njira zamatenda zomwe zimachitika m'chiwindi, zimaphatikizira matenda a cirrhosis ndi hepatitis yayikulu,
• matenda a kapamba ndi impso (kapamba, nephritis, urolithiasis),
• Matenda ena am'mimba (zilonda zam'mimba kapena zilonda zam'mimba),
• matenda akulu amtima.

Ngati wodwala ali ndi matenda monga kuperewera kwa coronary kapena pali zovuta ndi kufalikira kwa ubongo, njira zonse zochiritsira ziyenera kuchitika moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akukamba za mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kumwa mankhwala a insulin.

Mankhwala ndi kapangidwe kake

Mphamvu yothandiza ya chinthuchi imalumikizidwa ndi mamangidwe ake. Izi ndi zomwe zidapangitsa chidwi cha asayansi kuyambira pachiyambi pomwe kupezeka kwa timadzi timeneti. Popeza njira yeniyeni yanthawi yomwe amapangira zinthu zoterezi zimatha kudzipatula.

Mwachilengedwe, mtundu wokha wa mankhwala ndiosakwanira kufotokoza kapangidwe kake. Koma zilinso zowona kuti sayansi siyimayima ndipo lero mphamvu zake zamankhwala zadziwika kale. Ndipo izi zimatipangitsa kuti tisinthe mankhwala atsopano komanso ochulukitsa omwe cholinga chake ndi kuchiritsa anthu odwala matenda ashuga.

Kapangidwe kake, kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala kamaphatikizapo ma amino acid ndipo ndi mtundu wa mahomoni a peptide. Kapangidwe ka molekyulu yake kali ndi maunyolo awiri a polypeptide, mapangidwe ake omwe amapanga zotsalira za amino acid, zomwe kuchuluka kwake ndi 51. Maunyolo awa amalumikizidwa ndi milatho yopanda malire yomwe imatanthauziridwa kuti "A" ndi "B". Gulu "A" lili ndi zotsalira 21 za amino acid, "B" 30.

Kapangidwe kake ndi kugwira kwake ntchito kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chilengedwe ndi kosiyana. Mwa anthu, kapangidwe kameneka kamatikumbutsa zambiri osati zomwe zimapangidwa mthupi la nyani, koma zomwe zimapangidwa mu nkhumba. Kusiyana pakati pa kapangidwe ka nkhumba ndi anthu kumangokhala mu amino acid yotsalira, yomwe ili mu unyolo B. Mitundu yotsatira yachilengedwe yomwe imafanana ndi ng'ombe ndi ng'ombe, yomwe ili ndi kusiyana kwamitundu itatu ya amino acid. Pazinyama zoyamwitsa, mamolekyulu a chinthuchi amasiyana kwambiri mabowo amino acid.

Ntchito ndi zomwe mahomoni amakhudza

Mukamadya mapuloteni, insulin, monga peptide hormone, siikumbidwa ngati ina iliyonse m'matumbo, koma imagwira ntchito zambiri. Chifukwa chake, zomwe mankhwalawa amachita, makamaka insulini, amathandizira kutsitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Komanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa cell nembanemba kwa glucose.

Ngakhale imagwira insulin ndi ntchito zina zofunika mthupi:

• Zimathandizira mawonekedwe a chiwindi ndi minofu kapangidwe ka glycogen - mawonekedwe amasungidwe a shuga m'maselo a nyama.
• Kuchulukitsa kaphatikizidwe ka glycogen,
• Imachepetsa ntchito zina za enzymatic zomwe zimawononga mafuta ndi ma glycogens,
• Imapangitsa insulin kuti iwonjezere mapuloteni komanso mafuta,
• Imawongolera machitidwe ena aumunthu ndipo imakhudza mayamwidwe oyenera amino acid ndi maselo,
• Imachepetsa mawonekedwe a matupi a ketone,
• Imalimbikitsa kukomoka kwa lipid.

Insulin ndi mahomoni omwe amawongolera kagayidwe kazachilengedwe m'thupi la munthu. Udindo wake monga mapuloteni m'magazi ndikuchepetsa shuga la magazi.

Kulephera kwa katemera wa insulin m'thupi la munthu, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo a beta, nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kuperewera kwa insulini komanso kuzindikira matenda a shuga 1. Kuphwanya kulumikizana kwa chinthuchi pamatumbo kumayambitsa kukula kwa matenda a shuga a 2.

Kodi chinthuchi chimanunkhira bwanji? Chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga, omwe, choyamba, chimakopa chidwi ndi kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa. Chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa mahomoni ofotokozedwawo, glucose samalowa m'maselo. Pokhudzana ndi zomwe njala yeniyeni imayambira m'maselo. Ndipo glucose wophatikizika amapezeka pakupanga matupi a ketone, polumikizana ndi komwe kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera pakhungu ndi mkodzo kumawonjezeka. Chifukwa chake, fungo lotere likaonekera, muyenera kufunsa dokotala.

Kupezeka ndikupanga zinthu izi m'zaka za zana la 20 ngati mankhwala a anthu odwala matenda ashuga kupatsa anthu ambiri mwayi osati wowonjezera moyo wawo ndi matenda oterowo, komanso kuti azisangalala nawo mokwanira.

Kupanga kwa mahomoni m'thupi

Ndi ma cell a "B" okha omwe ndi omwe amapanga zinthu izi mthupi la munthu. Hemuloni ya insulin imayendetsa shuga ndikuchita pazinthu zamafuta. Ndikuphwanya njirazi, shuga amayamba kukula. Mothandizirana ndi izi, malingaliro a asayansi akukumana ndi ntchito m'magawo monga zamankhwala, sayansi ya zamankhwala, sayansi ndi majini opanga maumboni kuti amvetsetse mfundo zonse za biosynthesis ndi machitidwe a insulin pamthupi kuti athe kuwongolera njirazi.

Chifukwa chake, ndi ma cell a "B" omwe amachititsa - kupanga insulini m'magulu awiri, imodzi ndi yakale, ndipo inayo ndi yotukuka, yatsopano. Poyamba, proinsulin imapangidwa - siyogwira ntchito ndipo imagwira ntchito yamafuta. Kuchuluka kwa chinthuchi kumatsimikizika pa 5% ndipo zomwe zimagwira m'thupi sizidziwika bwinobwino.

Hemeni ya insulin imasungidwa ndi maselo a "B" poyamba, monga timafotokozere pamwambapa, ndikusiyana kokhako kuti amapita ku Golgi tata, komwe amakakonzedwanso. Mkati mwa gawo ili lama cellular, lomwe limapangidwira kapangidwe ndi kudziunjikira kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi ma enzymes, C-peptide imasiyanitsidwa.

Zotsatira zake, insulini imapangidwa ndikuchuluka kwake, ikusungilira kuti izisungidwa bwino mumtsuko zazinsinsi. Kenako, ngati pakufunika insulin m'thupi, yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose, maselo a "B" amatulutsa timadzi tambiri m'magazi.

Chifukwa chake thupi laumunthu limapanga mahomoni ofotokozedwawo.

Kufunika ndi gawo la mahomoni ofotokozedwawo

Chifukwa chiyani timafunikira insulin mthupi la munthu, chifukwa chiyani chinthu ichi chimagwira ntchito yanji? Thupi laumunthu la ntchito yolondola ndi yofananira nthawi zonse limapereka lingaliro kuti kwa maselo ake aliwonse amafunikira kwakanthawi:

• Yokhazikika ndi mpweya
• Michere yomwe amafunikira,
• Glucose.

Umu ndi momwe ntchito yake yofunika imathandizidwira.

Ndipo glucose momwe amapangira mphamvu inayake imapangidwa ndi chiwindi ndipo, kulowa m'thupi ndi chakudya, amafunika kuthandizidwa kuti alowe mu cell iliyonse kuchokera m'magazi. Mukuchita izi, insulini yolowetsa glucose m'maselo imagwira m'thupi la munthu ngati galimoto, potipatsa ntchito yoyendera.

Ndipo, zoona, kuperewera kwa chinthuchi kumaphetsa thupi ndi maselo ake, koma owonjezera angayambitse matenda monga mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga, kunenepa kwambiri, kusokoneza kugwira ntchito kwa mtima, mitsempha yamagazi, komanso ngakhale kuyambitsa khansa.

Pokhudzana ndi zomwe tanena pamwambapa, mulingo wa insulini mwa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga uyenera kuyesedwa pafupipafupi, kuyesa mayeso ndikupita kuchipatala.

Kupanga ndi chinthu chimodzi

Insulin yachilengedwe imapangidwa m'mapamba. Mankhwala omwe afotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi, kukhala mankhwala ofunikira, adasintha kwambiri pakati pa anthu omwe akuvutika komanso akudwala matenda ashuga.

Ndiye ndi chiyani ndipo ndimotani momwe insulini imapangidwira mu mankhwala?

Kukonzekera kwa insulin kwa odwala matenda ashuga kumasiyana:

• Ku mulingo wina kapena wina,
• Chiyambi (nthawi zina insulin - bovine, nkhumba, munthu),
• Zinthu zazing'ono
• Kusintha
• pH - yankho
• Kuthekera kophatikiza mankhwala (zochita zazifupi ndi zazitali).

Kubweretsa insulin kumachitika ndi ma syringe ena apadera, kuyerekeza kwake komwe kumayimiridwa ndi njirayi: mutatenga 0,5 ml ya mankhwala ndi syringe, wodwalayo amatenga magawo 20, 0,35 ml ofanana ndi magawo 10 ndi zina zotero.

Kodi mankhwalawa amapangidwa ndi chiyani? Zonse zimatengera momwe mumapezera. Ndi mwa mitundu ili:

• Mankhwala ochokera ku nyama,
• Zosiyanasiyana
• Umisiri wamtundu,
• Okonzedwa,
• Zopanga.

Horoni wa nkhumba wautali kwambiri. Koma kapangidwe ka insulin kameneka, komwe kanali kosiyana ndi mahomoni achilengedwe, kunalibe zotsatira zenizeni. Mothandizirana ndi izi, kupambana kwenikweni komanso kuthana ndi matenda ashuga kwakhala njira yogwiritsidwira ntchito insulin, momwe zinthu zomwe zimakhala pafupifupi 100% zimakhutira ndi anthu odwala matenda ashuga, komanso amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana.

Chifukwa chake, zochita za kuphatikiza insulini kunapatsanso mwayi kuti odwala matenda ashuga akhale ndi moyo wabwinobwino.

Mwa kuwonekera batani "Tumizani", mumavomereza mfundo zachinsinsi zachinsinsi ndikupereka chilolezo chanu pakugwiritsa ntchito deta yanu pazokha komanso pazolinga zomwe zafotokozedwazo.

Kodi chifukwa chiyani insulin ili yoopsa?

Insulin sikuti ndi mahomoni opangidwa ndi kapamba, komanso mankhwala omwe amafunikira shuga. Ndipo odwala matenda ashuga pawokha amadera nkhawa ngati insulin ndi yoyipa, komanso ngati ingapewe. Poyamba, ndikofunikira kudziwa mtundu wa matendawa, chifukwa ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 sikungatheke popanda insulin, ndipo ndi mtundu 2 umaloledwa, koma pang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, insulin yochulukirapo ilinso ndi mikhalidwe yake yoyipa.

Ubwino wa insulin

Mu shuga mellitus, dongosolo la endocrine silingathe kupanga kuchuluka kwa insulini - mahomoni ofunikira a metabolism oyenera, omwe amachititsa mphamvu zamagetsi. Amapangidwa ndi kapamba, ndipo amathandizira kupanga chakudya. Thupi limafunikira insulini chifukwa imawonetsetsa kuti likugwira ntchito moyenera. Ubwino wa mahomoni amawonetsedwa motere:

• imapereka kuchuluka kwa glucose m'maselo kuti asakhazikike mumitsempha yamagazi, ndikuwongolera msinkhu wake,
• woyang'anira ntchito yama protein,
• amalimbitsa minofu ndikuletsa kuwonongeka kwawo,
• imafikitsa ma amino acid kumisempha minofu,
• imathandizira kulowa kwa maselo a potaziyamu ndi magnesium.

Jekeseni wa insulin mu mtundu 1 wa shuga ndikofunikira, ndipo mu mtundu 2 wa shuga amalepheretsa zovuta m'maso, impso ndi mtima.

Zokhudza thupi la munthu

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi mtundu woyamba wa shuga, insulin siyopangidwa kapena yopangidwa pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, jakisoni ndikofunikira. Ndi mtundu 2, timadzi timene timapangidwa, koma sikokwanira kuonetsetsa kuti kunenepa kwa glucose kumachitika kwakukulu chifukwa cha kufooka kwa maselo. Potere, jakisoni safunika kwenikweni, koma odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa zakudya. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kukhala okonzekera kuti mahomoni amakhudza kagayidwe kazakudya, makamaka kowonjezera. Mothandizidwa nawo, kupanga sebum kumakhudzidwa, ndipo m'mafuta osakanikirana, mawonekedwe ake amakhudzidwa. Mtundu uwu wa kunenepa kwambiri ndizovuta kudya. Kuphatikiza apo, mafuta amawaika m'chiwindi, zomwe zimayambitsa hepatosis. Vutoli limadzaza ndi kulephera kwa chiwindi, mapangidwe a miyala ya cholesterol, yomwe imasokoneza kutuluka kwa ndulu.

Zovuta za insulin

Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin pamthupi zimayikidwa motere:

• Hormalo sililola kuti mafuta achilengedwe asinthidwe kukhala mphamvu, chifukwa chomaliza chimasungidwa m'thupi.
• Mothandizidwa ndi mahomoni m'chiwindi, kaphatikizidwe wamafuta acids amathandizidwa, chifukwa cha momwe mafuta amadziunjikira m'maselo a thupi.
• Ma lipase lipase - enzyme yomwe imayambitsa kuphwanya mafuta.

Mafuta ochulukirapo amakhala pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi, amachititsa atherosulinosis, ochepa matenda oopsa komanso kuwonongeka kwaimpso. Atherosclerosis imakhalanso yoopsa pakukula kwa matenda a mtima. Insulin ikhoza kuyambitsa zovuta zina mwanjira ya:

• kuchuluka kwa madzi mthupi,
• mavuto amawonedwe
• hypoglycemia (dontho lakuthwa la shuga),
• lipodystrophy.

Insulin imatha kuchepetsa shuga kwambiri ndikupangitsa hypoglycemia.

Kuwonongeka kwa lipodystrophic kumawerengedwa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa insulin nthawi yayitali. Ntchito zolimbitsa thupi sizivutika, koma chilema chaumboni chimawonedwa. Ndipo apa, hypoglycemia ndiye vuto lowopsa kwambiri, chifukwa mahomoni amatha kuchepetsa shuga kwambiri kotero kuti wodwalayo amatha kuzindikira kapena kugwa. Izi zitha kupewedwa ndikutsatira malingaliro a dokotala, makamaka, kuyendetsa mahandawo theka la ola limodzi asanadye.

Kodi ndizotheka kukana jakisoni wa insulin?

Zinanenedwa kuti matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 sangachite popanda jakisoni, ndipo mtundu wosadalira insulini umagwiritsa ntchito timadzi tating'onoting'ono ngati kakanthawi. Thupi limatha kuthana ndi ntchito zake, motero mutha kukana jakisoni, komabe, pali zinthu zina zomwe zimakukakamizani kuti mugwiritse ntchito mankhwala a insulin:

Kutengera phindu la mahomoni opindulitsa, kugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni ndikwachiwonekere, ndipo ena odwala matenda ashuga sangathe popanda iyo, pomwe ena angakhale opanda nkhawa. Ngakhale zotsatira zoyipa pambuyo pa utsogoleri, zimatha kuchotsedwa palokha. Mwachitsanzo, kuti muchepetse kunenepa kwambiri, muyenera kusintha kadyedwe.

Chidziwitsocho chimaperekedwa kuti chizidziwitso chokha chokha ndipo sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito pakudzipanga nokha. Osadzinyengerera, zitha kukhala zowopsa. Nthawi zonse funsani dokotala. Pofuna kukopera mwatsatanetsatane kapena mwatsatanetsatane zinthu zomwe zili pamalowo, kulumikizana kwofunikira kukufunika.

Zotsatira za insulin pa kukula kwa kunenepa kwambiri

Madzi a insulin amatulutsa kapamba poyankha pachakudya. Zimathandizira thupi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuchokera kuzakudya powongolera michere m'maselo. Mitsempha yakam'mimba ikaphwanya chakudya chamagulugigisi ku glucose, insulin imatsogolera glucose kumalo osungira - minofu glycogen, glycogen m'chiwindi ndi minofu ya adipose.

Vomerezani, zingakhale bwino ngati minofu yathu imadya michere, koma insulini sasamala komwe ingawatsogolere. Anthu ocheperako amatha kupindula ndi izi - kuti apangitse mapangidwe ake ataphunzitsidwa kuti apange minofu, koma anthu onenepa kwambiri ayenera kuthera nthawi yayitali kuti akhalebe osasinthasintha.

Ntchito za insulin m'thupi

Osawopa insulini, chifukwa kuwonjezera pa ntchito zake za anabolic (kupanga minofu ndi mafupa am'magazi), imalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni am'mimba, imathandizira kapangidwe ka glycogen, ndikutsimikizira kuperekera kwa amino acid ku minofu. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikusunga shuga wabwino m'magazi.

Mavuto amayamba pamene chidwi cha insulin chikuchepa. Mwachitsanzo, munthu amadya maswiti komanso kunenepa. Samatenga mafuta chifukwa cha insulini, koma chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu, koma m'thupi mwake insulin imakhala yolimba kwambiri - amapitilira shuga m'magazi, kuyesera kuti itsike pang'ono. Kunenepa kwambiri pakokha kumapangitsa kulemera kwa thupi ndikusintha kapangidwe kazinthu ka m'magazi, koma kuchuluka kwa insulini kumapangitsa kuti kapamba azitha kuzimitsa khungu. Umu ndi momwe mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga umakhalira. Inde, izi sizichitika sabata limodzi kapena awiri, koma ngati mukunenepa kwambiri komanso ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito maswiti, muli pachiwopsezo.

Kuchulukitsa kwa insulin kotchinga kumalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa malo ogulitsa mafuta mkati. Ngakhale ilipo yambiri - simudzachepa. Amachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ngati gwero lamphamvu, kupatutsa thupi kuma chakudya. Kodi izi zikugwirizana bwanji ndi zakudya? Tiyeni tiwone.

Milingo ya insulin ndi zakudya

Thupi limatulutsa insulini poyankha chakudya. Pali malingaliro atatu omwe amathandizira kuwongolera mulingo wake - iyi ndi glycemic index (GI), glycemic mzigo (GN) ndi insulin index (AI).

Mlozera wa glycemic umatsimikizira momwe shuga yanu yamagazi imakhalira mutatha kudya chakudya chamafuta. Mkulu akachuluka m'ndendemo, shuga amawonjezeka mofulumira ndipo thupi limatulutsa kwambiri insulin. Zakudya zokhala ndi GI yotsika ndizodziwika ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba amtundu (mbewu zonse, amadyera ndi masamba osakhazikika), ndipo zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi GI yayitali zimadziwika ndi zoperewera zama fiber (mapira osenda, mbatata, maswiti). Chifukwa chake, mu mpunga oyera, GI ndi 90, ndipo yofiirira - 45. Panthawi yamatenda othandizira, CHIKWANGWANI chamafuta chimawonongeka, chomwe chimakulitsa GI ya malonda. Mwachitsanzo, GI ya karoti yaiwisi ndi 35, ndipo yophika - 85.

Katundu wa glycemic amakupatsani mwayi wodziwa momwe gawo linalake lazakudya zopatsa mphamvu zimakhudzira thupi. Asayansi aku Harvard adapeza kuti kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu, kumakhala kokwanira kuchuluka kwa insulini. Chifukwa chake, mukakonza chakudya, muyenera kuwongolera magawo.

Kuti muwerenge katundu, njira iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

(Zogulitsa GI / 100) x zamafuta azakudya pamakonzedwe.

GN Yotsika - mpaka 11, sing'anga - kuchokera 11 mpaka 19, okwera - kuchokera 20.

Mwachitsanzo, muyezo wa oatmeal 50 g umakhala ndi 32,7 chakudya. GI oatmeal ndi 40.

(40/100) x 32.7 = 13.08 - pafupifupi GN.

Momwemonso, timawerengera gawo la ayisikilimu wazirimu 65 g. Mndandanda wa glycemic wa ayisikilimu 60, gawo 65 g, zakudya pa ntchito 13.5.

(60/100) x 13.5 = 8.1 - GN yotsika.

Ndipo ngati pakuwerengera tikatenga magawo awiri a 130 g, ndiye kuti timapeza 17.5 - pafupi ndi GN yapamwamba.

Mndandanda wa insulin ukuwonetsa momwe timadzi timeneti timadzuka poyankha kudya zakudya zama protein. AI yapamwamba kwambiri ya mazira, tchizi, ng'ombe, nsomba, ndi nyemba. Koma mukukumbukira kuti timadzi timtunduwu timakhudzidwa ndi kayendedwe kazinthu zamagalimoto komanso kayendedwe ka amino acid. Chifukwa chake, izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Kwa ena onse, ndizosafunika kwenikweni.

Kodi tinganene chiyani pamenepa?

Zogulitsa zomwe zili ndi index yotsika ya glycemic sizingochepetsa kuteteza insulini, komanso zimapereka malingaliro osakhalitsa chifukwa chokhutira chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa fiber. Zakudya zotere ziyenera kukhala maziko azakudya zochepetsa thupi.

Kuyeretsa ulusi ndi chithandizo cha kutentha kumachulukitsa chakudya GI pamene fiber mu chakudya komanso kukhalapo kwamafuta kumachepetsa kuyamwa kwa zakudya. Kuchepetsa pang'ono, kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi komanso kuchepera kwa insulini. Yesani kudya mapuloteni ndi chakudya chamagulu limodzi, osapewa masamba ndipo musawope mafuta.

Ndikofunikira kuyendetsa magawo. Kuchuluka kwake, kumakhala kofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha kapamba komanso insulin kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, zakudya zazing'ono zingathandize. Kudya pang'ono, mudzapewa kuchuluka kwa glycemic komanso kuphulika kwa mahomoni.

Chakudya chochulukirapo chimabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri, ndipo kunenepa kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa matenda ashuga. Muyenera kupanga zoperewera zama calorie m'zakudya zanu, musamadye zakudya zanu komanso muziwongolera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu omaliramo. Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto losakwanira la insulin ayenera kudya michere yambiri, koma mapuloteni ochulukirapo ndi mafuta monga gawo la zomwe amapeza kolori.

Mutha kudziwa kukhudzika kwanu motsimikiza. Ngati gawo lalikulu la chakudya likuyenda bwino komanso kumva kuti muli ndi mphamvu, ndiye kuti thupi lanu limatulutsa insulini. Ngati mukumva kutopa komanso kumva njala pambuyo pa ola limodzi, ndiye kuti chinsinsi chanu chikuwonjezeka - muyenera kulabadira kwambiri zomwe mumadya.

Kuperewera kwa kalori, zakudya zopanda pake, kusankha zakudya zamagetsi ochepa, kuwongolera magawo ndi chakudya kumathandizira kukhala ndi insulin yolimba komanso kuchepetsa thupi mwachangu. Komabe, ngati pali kukayikira kulikonse kwa matenda ashuga, muyenera kufunsa dokotala.

Kukopera nkhaniyi kwathunthu kapena mbali yake nkoletsedwa.

Kodi insulin imawononga chiyani thanzi komanso thupi?

Insulin ndi timadzi tomwe timatulutsa kapamba. Amatenga nawo mbali pamaulalo osiyanasiyana a metabolic ndipo amachititsa kuti thupi lizikhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.

Popanda kupanga, matenda a shuga 1 amayamba ndipo, ngati simuyamba jakisoni, inshuwaransi imakumana ndi imfa. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, kupanga insulini kumakhala kwabwinobwino komanso ngakhale kukwezedwa, koma minyewa yake sikuidziwa. Zikatero, insulin ndi yoyipa, kayendetsedwe kake sikunawonetsedwa komanso koopsa.

Kuonjezera insulin m'magazi kungayambitse kukula kwa kotchedwa metabolic syndrome - kunenepa kwambiri, kuthamanga kwa magazi, cholesterol yowonjezera, mafuta ndi glucose m'magazi. Mavuto omwewo akhoza kutsagana ndi kuperekedwa kwa insulin popanda kuwonetsa - mwachitsanzo, kukula kwa minofu mu othamanga.

Makhalidwe ofunikira a insulin

Kutulutsidwa kwa insulini kumachitika pamene glucose alowa m'magazi, ndiye kuti chakudya chilichonse chimakhala chothandizira kutulutsa kwa timadzi timeneti.

Nthawi zambiri, zimatsimikizira kuperekera kwa michere m'maselo, omwe amapereka momwe zakhalira.

Mu thupi, insulini imagwira ntchito zingapo zomwe zimatsimikizira ntchito yofunika. Ubwino wa insulin m'thupi umaonekera mwa izi:

• Amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikuwonjezera kuyamwa kwake ndi maselo.
• Zimawonjezera kukula kwa minofu ndikulimbikitsa kupanga kwa mapuloteni m'maselo.
• Zimalepheretsa kuchepa kwa minofu.
• Amanyamula amino acid kumisempha minofu.
• Imathandizira kutuluka kwa potaziyamu, magnesium ndi phosphate m'maselo.
• Imalimbikitsa kapangidwe ka glycogen m'chiwindi.

Zokhudza insulin pa mafuta kagayidwe

Phunziro lomwe limaphunziridwa kwambiri ndi insulin polimbana ndi mavuto a kagayidwe ka mafuta. Zimatsogolera kukukula kwa kunenepa kwambiri, komwe kulemera kumachepetsedwa ndikuvuta kwambiri.

Kukhazikika kwa mafuta m'chiwindi kumabweretsa mafuta a hepatosis - kuchuluka kwa mafuta mkati mwa khungu la chiwindi ndikulowa m'malo mwake ndi minyewa yolumikizana ndikukula kwa chiwindi cholephera. Miyala ya cholesterol imapangidwa mu ndulu, zomwe zimayambitsa kuphwanya kwa mapangidwe a bile.

Kukhazikika kwa mafuta mu mafuta amkati amapanga mtundu wapadera wa kunenepa - komwe kumayambira mafuta m'mimba. Mtundu wa kunenepa kwambiri umadziwika ndi chidwi chochepa chakudya. Mothandizidwa ndi insulin, kupanga sebum kumapangidwira, ma pores pa nkhope amakula, ziphuphu zimayamba.

Njira zoyipa zochitira zinthu zotere zimachitika m'njira zingapo:

• Enzime ya lipase imatsekedwa, yomwe imaphwanya mafuta.
• Insulin siyilola kuti mafuta asandulike mphamvu, chifukwa amathandizira pakuphatikizana kwa glucose. Mafuta amakhalabe odzikundikira.
• Mu chiwindi, mothandizidwa ndi insulin, kaphatikizidwe wamafuta acids amathandizidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta azikhala m'maselo a chiwindi.
• Pansi pa kuchitapo kwake, kulowa kwa glucose m'maselo a mafuta kumawonjezeka.
• Insulin imalimbikitsa kaphatikizidwe ka cholesterol ndikuletsa kupasuka kwake ndi ma asidi a bile.

Zotsatira zamachitidwe amtunduwu m'magazi, mafuta ochulukitsa kwambiri amawonjezeka, ndipo amawaika pamakoma a mitsempha - atherosulinosis imayamba. Kuphatikiza apo, insulin imathandizira kuchepetsedwa kwa lumen ya mitsempha ya magazi, yolimbikitsa kukula kwa minofu minofu khoma lamitsempha. Zimalepheretsanso kuwonongeka kwa magazi omwe amabisa chotengera.

Ndi atherosclerosis, matenda a mtima amayamba, minyewa yaubongo imakhudzidwa ndi kukula kwa stroko, matenda oopsa oopsa amachitika, ndipo ntchito ya impso imalephera.

Zotsatira za kuchuluka kwa insulin m'mwazi

Insulin ndi othandizira kukula kwa minofu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magawo a cell achulukane.Ndi kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa insulin, chiopsezo cha zotupa zam'mawere zimawonjezeka, pomwe chimodzi mwazinthu zowopsa ndizovuta zamtundu wamtundu wa matenda ashuga a 2 ndi mafuta a m'magazi ambiri, ndipo monga mukudziwa, kunenepa kwambiri komanso matenda a shuga nthawi zonse zimayendera limodzi.

Kuphatikiza apo, insulin ndiyo imayang'anira kusungidwa kwa magnesium mkati mwa maselo. Magnesium ali ndi katundu wopumula khoma lamitsempha. Ngati kuphwanya kwamphamvu kwa insulin, magnesium imayamba kuchotsedwa m'thupi, ndipo sodium, m'malo mwake, imachedwa, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwamitsempha yamagazi.

Udindo wa insulini pakukula kwa matenda angapo umatsimikiziridwa, pomwe, posakhala chifukwa chawo, umapanga nyengo zoyenera:

1. Matenda oopsa.
2. Matenda a oncological.
3. Njira zotupa zosafunikira.
4. Matenda a Alzheimer's.
5. Myopia.
6. Matenda oopsa a ubongo amayamba chifukwa cha insulin pa impso ndi mitsempha. Nthawi zambiri, pansi pa insulin, vasodilation imachitika, koma zikhalidwe la kutaya chidwi, dipatimenti yachifundo yokhudzana ndi machitidwe amanjenje imagwira ntchito komanso ziwiya zopapatiza, zomwe zimabweretsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.
7. Insulin imathandizira kupanga zotupa - ma enzymes omwe amathandizira njira yotupa ndipo amalepheretsa kaphatikizidwe ka adiponectin ya mahomoni, omwe ali ndi anti-yotupa.
8. Pali maphunziro omwe akuwonetsa gawo la insulin pakukula kwa matenda a Alzheimer's. Malinga ndi lingaliro lina, puloteni wapadera amapangidwa m'thupi lomwe limateteza maselo aubongo kuti atulutsidwe ndi minyewa ya amyloid. Ndizinthu izi - amyloid, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma cell a ubongo atha kugwira ntchito yawo.

Mapuloteni omwewo amateteza kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, pakuwonjezeka kwa insulin, mphamvu zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuchepa kwake ndipo ubongo umakhalabe wopanda chitetezo.

Kuzama kwambiri kwa insulini m'magazi kumapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto lamaso, zomwe zimachepetsa kuthekera kwazowoneka bwino.

Kuphatikiza apo, pakhala kupitapo pafupipafupi kwa myopia mu mtundu 2 wa matenda a shuga komanso kunenepa kwambiri.

Momwe mungakulitsire chidwi cha minofu

Popewa kukula kwa metabolic syndrome, malingaliro otsatirawa akuyenera kuonedwa:

• Kuletsedwa kwa zakudya zamafuta ambiri mu mafuta m'thupi (nyama yamafuta, offal, mafuta anyama, chakudya chofulumira).
• Kuchepetsa kudya zamafuta osavuta chifukwa kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kwa shuga muzakudya zanu.
• Chakudyacho chiyenera kukhala chamagulu, popeza kupanga kwa insulin sikukhudzidwa ndi chakudya, komanso mapuloteni.
• Kugwirizana ndi zakudya komanso kusapezeka kwa zokhwasula-khwasula, makamaka ndi shuga.
• Chakudya chotsiriza chimayenera kukhala maola 4 asanagone, chifukwa chakudya chamadzulo chimakhumudwitsa insulin komanso kuvulaza mawonekedwe a mafuta.
• Ndi kuchuluka kwa thupi, kugwira masiku osala kudya komanso kusala kudya kwakanthawi (kokha kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala).
• Kuyambitsa kudya zakudya zomwe zili ndi fiber zokwanira.
• Zochita zolimbitsa thupi moyenera ngati mukuyenda tsiku ndi tsiku kapena kuchitira zolimbitsa thupi.
• Kukhazikitsidwa kwa kukonzekera kwa insulini kungakhale pokhapokha kupanga - ndi mtundu wa 1 shuga mellitus, nthawi zina zonsezi zimabweretsa chitukuko cha matenda a metabolic.
• Ndi mankhwala a insulin, kuwunika pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa shuga ndikofunikira kupewa bongo.

Pali zikhulupiriro zambiri zabodza zomwe zimazungulira insulini - mu kanema munkhaniyi adzatsutsidwa bwino.

Kupanga kwa insulin mthupi

Kasitomala ndi amene amapanga insulini - chifukwa amakhala ndi maselo a beta apadera. Mu thupi la munthu, timadzi timeneti timayendetsa kagayidwe kazachilengedwe, motero, katulutsidwe kake ndikofunikira. Kodi zikuyenda bwanji? Njira yopanga insulin ndi mbali zingapo:

1. Pancreas yoyamba imapanga prroinsulin (insulin preursor).
2. Nthawi yomweyo, peptide ya siginolo (L-peptide) imapangidwa, ntchito yomwe imathandizira preproinsulin kulowa cell ya beta ndikusintha kukhala proinsulin.
3. Kupitilira apo, ma proinsulin amakhalabe mu mawonekedwe apadera a khungu la beta - Golgi zovuta, pomwe amapsa kwa nthawi yayitali. Pakadali pano, proinsulin imayikidwa mu C-peptide ndi insulin.
4. Insulin yotulutsidwa imakhudzana ndi zinc ion ndipo mu mawonekedwe awa amakhalabe mkati mwa maselo a beta. Kuti ilowe m'magazi, shuga m'magazi amayenera kukhala ndi chidwi kwambiri. Glucagon imayang'anira zoletsa za insulin - zimapangidwa ndi ma cell a pancreatic alpha.

Kodi insulin ndi chiyani?

Ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya insulin ndikuwunika kagayidwe kazakudya pochita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi za insulin. Kodi zikuyenda bwanji? Insulin imalumikizana ndi cholandirira cha membrane wa cell (membrane), ndipo izi zimayamba ntchito ya michere yofunika. Zotsatira zake ndikuyambitsa kwa protein kinase C, yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi metabolism mkati mwa cell.

Thupi limafunikira insulini kuti magazi a shuga azikhala nthawi zonse. Izi zimatheka chifukwa chakuti mahomoni:

• Zimathandizira kukonza shuga.
• Imachepetsa ntchito yopanga shuga m'magazi.
• Imayamba ntchito ya ma enzyme omwe amachititsa kuti shuga azithamanga.
• Imathandizira kusintha kwa glucose owonjezera kukhala glycogen.

Mlingo wa insulin m'magazi umakhudzanso njira zina za thupi:

• Kutsimikizika kwa amino acid, potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi magnesium ndi maselo.
• Kusintha kwa shuga m'chiwindi ndi maselo amafuta kukhala triglycerides.
• Kupanga kwamafuta acid.
• Kubereka koyenera kwa DNA.
• Kuponderezedwa kwa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni.
• Kuchepetsa kwa kuchuluka kwamafuta omwe amalowa m'magazi.

Insulin ndi shuga wamagazi

Kodi shuga wamagazi amawongolera bwanji ndi insulin? Mwa munthu yemwe alibe matenda ashuga, magazi a magazi amakhalabe ofanana, ngakhale sanadye kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa kapamba amapangira insulini kumbuyo. Mukatha kudya, zakudya zam'magazi zimaphwanyidwa kukhala mamolekyulu a shuga mkamwa ndipo amalowa m'magazi. Minyewa ya glucose imachuluka, ndipo zikondamoyo zimatulutsira insulin m'magazi, ndikusintha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi - iyi ndi gawo loyamba la kuyankha kwa insulin.

Kenako chitsulo chimapanganso mahomoni kuti abwezeretse ntchito, ndikupita pang'onopang'ono magawo atsopano mukuchepa kwa zinthu zomwe zimapezeka m'matumbo - gawo lachiwiri la kuyankha. Zotsalira za glucose zosagwiritsidwa ntchito zimasinthidwa pang'ono kukhala glycogen ndikusungidwa mu chiwindi ndi minofu, ndikuyamba kukhala mafuta.

Pakapita nthawi yambiri mutadya, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumatsika, ndipo glucagon imamasulidwa. Chifukwa cha izi, glycogen yomwe imapezeka m'chiwindi ndipo minofu imasweka ndikupanga shuga, ndipo shuga ya magazi imakhala yachilendo. Chiwindi ndi minofu yotsalira yopanda glycogen imalandira gawo latsopano la chakudya chotsatira.

Madzi a insulin

Magazi a insulin amawonetsa momwe thupi limapangira shuga. Chizindikiro cha insulin mwa munthu wathanzi chimachokera 3 mpaka 28 μU / ml. Koma ngati shuga wambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi insulini yayikulu, izi zitha kutanthauza kuti maselo am'mimba amakhala osagonjetseka (mahomoni) kwa mahomoni omwe amapanga iron mwachizolowezi. Mafuta okhathamira am'magazi komanso otsika - insulin ikuwonetsa kuti thupi limasowa mahomoni opangidwa, ndipo shuga ya magazi ilibe nthawi kuti ithe.

Mulingo wokwera

Nthawi zina anthu amaganiza molakwika kuti kuchuluka kwa insulini ndi chizindikiro chabwino: m'malingaliro awo, mwanjira iyi mumakhala inshuwaransi motsutsana ndi hyperglycemia. Koma kwenikweni, kutulutsidwa kwambiri kwa mahomoni sikothandiza. Chifukwa chiyani zimachitika?

Nthawi zina chotupa kapena chithokomiro cha kapamba, matenda a chiwindi, impso ndi ma adrenal gland ndi omwe amafunika kutsutsidwa.Koma nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa matenda a insulin kumachitika mu mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, pomwe mahomoni amapangidwa mokhazikika, ndipo maselo am'mimba "sawona" - pali insulin. Thupi limapitilizabe kuphatikiza mahandawo ndipo limachulukitsa kuchuluka kwake, poyesa kupulumutsa chakudya m'maselo. Chifukwa chake, ndi matenda a 2 shuga, kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi kumakhala kopitilira muyeso.

Cholinga chomwe khungu limalembera insulin, asayansi amalingalira za genetics: chilengedwe chimapereka kuti kukana insulini kumathandizira kuti thupi likhale ndi moyo wanjala, ndikupangitsa kuti azitha kusunga mafuta munthawi yabwino. Kwa gulu lamakono lamayiko otukuka, njala sinakhale yofunikira kwa nthawi yayitali, koma chamoyo, mwa chizolowezi, chimapereka chizindikiro chodya zambiri. Kudzikundikira kwamafuta kumayikidwa kumbali, ndipo kunenepa kwambiri kumakhala chida choyambitsa matenda a metabolic m'thupi.

Mulingo wotsika

Insulin yafupika ikhoza kuwonetsa mtundu wa 1 shuga, pamene kusowa kwa timadzi timene timagwiritsa ntchito shuga. Zizindikiro za matendawa ndi:

• Kuyamwa mwachangu.
• Ludzu lamphamvu losalekeza.
• Hyperglycemia - glucose amakhala m'magazi, koma chifukwa cha kusowa kwa insulin satha kudutsa nembanemba.

Endocrinologist ayenera kuthana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kapena kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga insulini - muyenera kulumikizana naye kuyezetsa magazi.

Zifukwa zazikulu zochepetsera kupanga insulin ndi:

• Zakudya zopanda pake, munthu akasankha zakudya zamafuta, chakudya chopatsa mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, insulin yomwe kapamba amapanga sikokwanira kuthana ndi chakudya chomwe chimabwera. Kupanga kwa mahomoni kukuchulukirachulukira, ndipo ma cell a beta omwe amachititsa izi amatha.
• Kudya kwambiri.
• Kupsinjika ndi kusowa kwa tulo tikulepheretsa kupanga insulin.
• Kuzindikira kwa chitetezo chokwanira chifukwa cha matenda operewera komanso chifukwa cha matenda omwe adachitika kale.
• Hypodynamia - chifukwa chokhala phee, mafuta a magazi amawonjezeka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa insulin komwe kumapangidwa ndi thupi kumachepa.

Insulin opangidwa m'maselo a kapamba. Imakhala ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazochita zonse za thupi. Komabe, ntchito yake yayikulu imawonedwa ngati kuchepa kwa shuga wamagazi. Hormoni iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga thupi, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake a anabolic.

Pamodzi ndi ntchito ya anabolic, insulin ilinso ndi zinthu zotsutsana ndi catabolic, zoletsa kupanga ma enzymes omwe cholinga chake ndi kuphwanya mafuta ndipo. Hormone iyi ndi kunyamula, ndiye kuti, kutulutsa shuga mu minofu ndi minyewa ya adipose kumadalira.

1. Zochita zokhudzana ndi kagayidwe:

• Kupititsa patsogolo kwa shuga ndi zinthu zina ndi ma cell
• Glycolysis enzyme kukondoweza
• Kuchulukitsa kwa glycogen
• Kutsika kwamphamvu kwa gluconeogeneis, ndiko kuti kuchepa kwa mapangidwe a shuga m'chiwindi kuchokera kuzinthu zina.

2. Zochita za Anabolic:

• Kusintha kwa mayamwidwe
• Kupititsa patsogolo kayendedwe ka potaziyamu, magnesium ndi phosphate
• Kuwongolera kaphatikizidwe ka Protein
• Kuchulukitsa mafuta acid.

3. Zochita za Anticatabolic:

• Kutsitsa kwa mapuloteni
• Kuchepetsa kwambiri mafuta acids m'magazi.

Zoopsa ndi zoopsa zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kumwa insulini

Nthawi zambiri pamabwalo komanso pamakalata owerengeka amalemba kuti kuchuluka kwa insulin mosakayikira kumatha kupangitsa kuti afe. Komabe, asayansi atsimikizira kuti kuchuluka kwa insulin kovulaza kochepa kwambiri ndi magawo zana, ndalama zofanana ndi syringe yathunthu. Anthu ambiri adapulumuka atatenga mayunitsi 3,000. Komanso, ngakhale ngati pali mankhwala osokoneza bongo, padzakhala nthawi yochulukirapo kuyitanira ambulansi.

Asanathe kuphwanya, monga lamulo, maola angapo akudutsa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ngakhale Mlingo wowopsa suyambitsa kufa, chifukwa pali nthawi yakuwonetsetsa kuti shuga amapezeka kwa magazi.

Mitundu ya Insulin Yogwiritsidwa Ntchito Pomanga Thupi

Pochita zomanga thupi, mitundu iwiri ya mahomoniwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito - yochepa pang'ono komanso yocheperako pang'ono.

Mwachidule kuchita insulin imayamba kugwira ntchito yake patatha mphindi 30 jekeseni, chimayambira kuchitidwa mkati mwa maola awiri, ndipo imakonzedwa kwathunthu ndi thupi pambuyo pa maola 5-6.

Ultra Wotenga Nthawi Ya Insulin imayamba kugwira ntchito yake pakatha mphindi 15, imafika pachimake patatha maola awiri, ndipo imatulutsidwa ndi thupi pambuyo maola atatu. Mtunduwu umatha kutengedwa musanadye kapena pambuyo pake.

Mtengo wapakati wa maphunziro a insulini (miyezi iwiri) ndi ma ruble 2000-3000.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa Insulin

Zotsatirazi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha zinthu zabwino:

• Mtengo wotsika
• Kupezeka (kungagulidwe ku pharmacy iliyonse)
• Palibe zabodza (zosiyana ndi ma steroid)
• Zotsatira zoyipa zochepa, zopanda poizoni
• Zabwino anabolic
• Ndizotheka kuphatikiza ndi anabolics ena

Zina mwa zinthuzi ndi monga:

• Kulandila zovuta
• Kupeza bwino kwamafuta

• Kumwa insulini kumabweretsa zotsatirazi zotsatirazi:
• Shuga wamagazi owopsa (hypoglycemia)
• Kuyenda pamalo opaka jekeseni
• Thupi lawo siligwirizana
• Kusintha kwa insulin.

Ndizofunikanso kudziwa kuti insulini sikukhudza chiwindi ndi impso, komanso sizikhudza potency.

Zofunika! Musanayambe mankhwala aliwonse okonzekera masewera, funsani dokotala.

Voterani phindu la nkhaniyi:

Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amalolera kuti azitsatira ngati mankhwala osankhidwa bwino agwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma nthawi zina, kusintha kwa thupi kwa insulin kapena zowonjezera za mankhwala, komanso zinthu zina, zitha kuonedwa.

Kodi matenda ashuga amabweretsa mavuto ambiri?

Kwa nthawi yayitali ndimati ndikupita, ndipo pamapeto pake ndidaganiza kuti ndilembe nkhaniyi, chifukwa kulibenso mphamvu yokhala chete, ndikuyang'anira umbuli ndi malingaliro omwe amapezeka pakati pa anthu ndi madokotala pankhani zathanzi ndi zamankhwala. Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuwona momwe anthu amanyengedwa, omwe safuna kudzikakamiza kuti atsegule ndikuwona dziko popanda mawonekedwe ndi tsankho, amatenga nthawi yawo yochepa kuti akhale anzeru, ndikupanga miyoyo yawo ndi miyoyo ya okondedwa awo pang'ono zabwinoko komanso zotetezeka. M'malo mwake, mwazizolowezi, timangokhala ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wathu komanso thanzi lathu ku "sayansi ya zamankhwala," yomwe, kwazaka zambiri zakhalapo, sizinadziwenso zoyambitsa matenda. Osanena za chithandizo chawo. Koma nthawi yomweyo, iye mokakamira akupitilizabe kunena kuti ndi iye “wolondola” komanso “watetezeka”. Zotsalira kwa anthu wamba pamenepa ndi ziti? Palibenso china koma kungokhulupirira mu “zozizwitsa” ndikuti adotolo adzakhala "mfiti wamatsenga" wokhoza kuchita zozizwitsa.

Zolemba zambiri ndi mabuku zidalembedwa za matenda "osokoneza" awa, makanema ambiri apangidwa, ndipo pafupifupi onse amadzazindikira kuti matenda a shuga sachiritsika konse, ndipo simuyenera kuganiziranso. Njira zosiyanasiyana, zakudya ndi magawo olimbitsa thupi amaperekedwa, makamaka chilichonse. Pali njira zina “zina” zomwe zimakhala ngati chilekano chakuletsa. Zochepa ndizodziwika bwino zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, ngati osanena kanthu. Zachidziwikire, pali malingaliro ena okayikitsa komanso malingaliro omwe osavomerezeka ndi aliyense, koma iyi ndi mutu wankhani yosiyaniratu. Ndipo tsopano ndikufuna kunena za momwe matendawa amachitikira, momwe amayesera "kuthandizira", komanso tanthauzo lake. Ndipo koposa zonse, zomwe zonsezi zimatsogolera ndikutsogoza pambuyo pake.

“Nthenda yokoma” imatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse. Mankhwala oopsa kwambiri a shuga amayamba chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zimakhalapo, zaka komanso mwachangu kwambiri. Choyipa chachikulu, matendawa amatha kupha.Ziwalo zingapo zosiyanasiyana zimawonongeka, zomwe zimatha pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa metabolic. Nayi zovuta komanso zovuta kwambiri za matenda ashuga:

1. Kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zazing'ono, makamaka maso ndi impso. Izi zimatha kubweretsa khungu ndipo, chifukwa chake, kulephera kwa impso.
2. Zosokoneza magazi m'miyendo. Pambuyo pake, izi zimatsogolera pakupangidwe kwa zilonda pamiyendo. Mabala samachiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa metabolic, kusinthika kwa minofu kumatenga nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Muzovuta kwambiri, madera omwe akhudzidwawo amachotsedwa mozizwitsa - ndikudula.
3. Kuwonongeka kwa minofu yamanjenje. Zomwe zimapangitsa kupweteka m'miyendo, kumva kuti muli ndi dzanzi, kapena mosemphanitsa, kumachepetsa kugunda kwa chidwi, komwe kumayambitsa "matenda a shuga."
4. Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi ena.

Mpaka pano, chithandizo chonse cha matenda ashuga chimatsika pakudya ndi mankhwala a insulin, omwe amapangidwa kuti shuga asakhale ochepa. Njira yokhayo yomwe imaperekedwa ndi wodwala wotere ndimankhwala amwambo ndi Insulin, kapena m'malo mwake, omwe amangoganiza kuti amangopindulitsa. Amakhulupirira kuti, chifukwa cha kupangidwa kwakukulu uku kwa asayansi, wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kupulumuka.

Koma kodi zilidi choncho? Palibe amene anakafunsapo izi, zomwe sizimadzipeza kale pazokha. Zowonadi, monga amanenera, mawu aliwonse amakhala ndi mbali ya ndalama ija. Funso lokha ndikutha kusankha imodzi mwa mbalizi, kapena kudziwa zoyipa ziwiri zokha. Ndipo kuti tichite izi, ndikofunikira kuphunzira kuchuluka kokwanira kwa chidziwitso chodalirika, ndikutha kuyisanthula. Ndipo pamaziko a kusanthula kosakondera kumeneku kuti mupeze malingaliro oyenera.

Kodi yankho la insulin ndi chiyani, makamaka chifukwa chake, ndi chifukwa chake ndikutsimikizira izi, zidzawonekeranso pamawu ena omaliza. Koma poyamba, ndiyesetsa kufotokoza mwachidule matendawa pawokha, zomwe zimapangitsa, zomwe zimabweretsa komanso zotsatirapo zake.

Matenda a shuga - tanthauzo lenileni la matendawa, zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira zake.

Matenda a shuga amapezeka m'magulu awiri:

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga - wodalira insulini, momwe kapamba, pazifukwa zina, amapanga insulin yocheperako, kenako, munthu akapaka jekeseni, gland imagwira ntchito ndipo kupangika kwa mahomoni kumatha. Zotsatira zake, mulingo wa shuga (shuga) m'magazi umakwera, ndipo pambuyo pake umawonekera mkodzo. Matenda amtunduwu amakhudza makamaka ana ndi achinyamata.

Type 2 shuga , (kapena matenda a shuga mwa achikulire ndi okalamba) amakula mosiyanasiyana. Pankhaniyi, kapamba amagwira ntchito pafupipafupi, insulin imapangidwa, koma mwina osakwanira kapena insulini siyabwino - siyolondola pakapangidwe, chifukwa chake singatenge nawo gawo lathunthu la metabolism, kapena, chidwi cha maselo a hormone iyi ndiosakhazikika, kapena onse amatengedwa limodzi .

Ndipo pomwepo madotolo amatipatsa mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga, omwe samalola kuti shuga amidwe m'matumbo, kapena mapiritsi ena omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale kuwonjezereka kwa zomwe zimatchedwa "insulin receptors", i.e. onjezerani mphamvu ya timadzi tomwe timayendetsa cell. Osachepera, zalembedwa mwanjira zosiyanasiyana muzolemba zamankhwala.

Palinso mankhwala ena omwe amagwira ntchito mwanjira ina, koma mulimonsemo, onsewo ndi cholinga chobisalira kapena kuletsa kupanga shuga, kapena kumulowetsa m'magazi, omwe mwanjira iliyonse sangathetse vutoli, koma amangokulitsa ndikupatsa munthu chinyengocho. Chilichonse chiri "mu dongosolo". Zotsatira zake, shuga wochepa amalowetsedwa m'magazi, mulingo wake umatsika, ndipo ubongo umalangiza kapamba kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa insulini, komwe kumakulitsa shuga (glucose) m'magazi kachiwiri.Adotolo amakakamizidwa kuti apereke kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mapiritsi, ndipo njirayi imabwerezedwanso. Ndipo, pamapeto pake, mapiritsiwa amasiya kugwira ntchito konse, ndipo wodwalayo amasamutsidwa kukhala jakisoni, ndipo palibe njira ina.

Zimapezeka kuti pazochitika zoyambirira ndi zachiwiri timakhala ndi zotulukapo zofanana: wodwalayo adabzalidwa pa mahomoni opanga, kapena m'malo mwake yankho lake, ndipo munthuyo amasintha kukhala kapolo wa insulin, kenako nkukhala munthu wolumala. Koma pambuyo pa zonse, osati kokha ndipo osati insulin yambiri yomwe imayambitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Choyamba, kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa magazi kumayendetsa chiwindi. , ndipo izi ziyenera kudziwika kwa aliyense yemwe amaphunzitsa anatomy kusukulu. Pakakhala shuga wambiri m'magazi, chiwindi chimasunthira muyeso wake kukhala malo osakwanira (glycogen), ndikugulitsa mpaka mphindi yoyenera. Mphindi ngati izi zikafika, chiwindi chimabwezeretsa glycogen kukhala chosasunthika ndikuponyera m'magazi, ndipo potero imasunga kuchuluka kwa glucose pamlingo woyenera kwambiri kuzinthu zomwe zapatsidwa. Chifukwa chake, chiwindi chimakhudzidwa mwachindunji pakukhazikitsa shuga. Insulin ndi njira ina yowonongera maselo a glucose komanso mayamwa ake. Koma chiwindi ndi chomwe chimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa gululi kumakhala m'magazi poyamba!

Chiwindi ndi kapamba gwiritsani ntchito awiriawiri, ndipo kusokonekera kwa chimodzi mwa ziwalozi mosavomerezeka kumabweretsa kufooka kwa ziwalo zina. Chifukwa chake, kuti mupeze matenda olondola, chinthu chofunikira ichi chiyenera kukumbukiridwa. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kukumbukira izi, ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda, omwe madokotala ena amafunikira, amadziwika kuti ndi matenda, ndiye kuti ndi osakhalitsa. Ndi zaka, slag ndi poizoni (ziphe) zimadzaza m'thupi la munthu aliyense, chifukwa chake ntchito za "kuyeretsa" kwa thupi zimachepa mosalephera: impso sizimasefa magazi bwino, zomwe zimakulitsa katundu pa chiwindi, popeza chiwalo ichi, pakati pazinthu zina, chimayankha pakuwonongeka kwa ziphe zomwe zimalowa mthupi ndi chakudya, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, chifukwa cha kutupa. Ndipo, zowonadi, ndi zochulukitsa zotere, ntchito za chiwindi zimachepa, ndipo pakhoza kubwera mphindi yomwe chiwindi sichingathenso kuthana ndi kukonzanso kwa glucose, ndipo msanga wake umayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono. Pankhaniyi, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa insulin yotulutsidwa ndi kapamba sikumapulumutsa, koma mosiyana ndi izi: mahomoni ochulukirapo amapangidwa, omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi njala nthawi zambiri, munthu amadya kwambiri, zakudya zowonjezera zambiri zimabwera.

Munthu amalemera, shuga amawuka, zomwe zimalemereranso chiwindi. Kuchuluka kwa shuga kwamwazi kumeneku kukakhala kokhazikika, munthuyo amapezeka ndi mtundu 2 shuga , ndipo chithandizo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala a hypoglycemic.

Ndizovomerezeka kuti kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumakhala pafupifupi 5 mmol / l pamimba yopanda kanthu, koma mowirikiza chizindikirochi chimasinthasintha ndipo chimakhala chamunthu aliyense payekha. Mkulu wa glucose amasintha mosalekeza. Kutengera ndi nthawi ya tsiku, kuchuluka kwake komanso kuchuluka kwa chakudya ndi madzi, ngakhale munthu akudwala kapena wathanzi, kupuma kapena pambuyo kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, chabwino, etc. Zowona, mu thupi lathanzi, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumayendetsedwa ndi lokha - basi, kutengera kufunika. Wodwala alibe makina otere, kapena ali ndi vuto lalikulu, kotero "odwala matenda ashuga" sangakhale ndi mashuga osakwanira mwakutanthauzira. Mwachitsanzo: kodi mudadya china chake - shuga amadzuka, jakisoni amatuluka - shuga amachepetsa, amapuma tsiku lonse - amadzukanso, anachita masewera olimbitsa thupi - amapitanso pansi, ndi zina zotero. M'mawa m'mawa mulingo wina wa shuga, masanawa wina, madzulo wachitatu, usiku wachinayi.

Mwambiri, kwathunthu chilichonse chimakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa shuga - iyi ndi nthawi ya tsiku ndi nthawi ya chaka, ndi nyengo, ndi zaka, komanso zolimbitsa thupi kapena kusakhalapo, kaya mudadya kapena ayi, komanso zomwe mudadya komanso nthawi yake komanso kuchuluka kwake, mumamva bwino kapena kudwala ... Shuga "adzadumpha" nthawi zonse, chifukwa tsopano limayendetsedwa pamanja, mothandizidwa ndi jakisoni wa insulin.Ndipo sizingakhale choncho chifukwa chosowa malamulo achilengedwe! Uku ndikovuta kwa matendawa, chifukwa muyenera kudziwongolera nokha momwe mumawerengera shuga, ndipo, monga momwe mumawerengera, sizingatheke kusintha limagwirira mwanjira iliyonse, ngakhale yamakono kwambiri. Ndipo "insulin pump" imodzimodziyo siyingapereke zotsatira zoyenera, koma bwino kwambiri komanso zovulaza insulin, poyerekeza ndi cholembera "syringe", koma mlingo ndi mankhwalawo amakhalabe chomwecho. Ndipo tsopano tinayandikira bwino kwambiri chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, chomwe ndi kukonzekera kwa insulin.

"Chithandizo" cha matenda ashuga - insulin ndi chiyani?

Hemeni yachilengedwe ya insulin ndi njira ina yowonjezera shuga m'maselo a khungu. Ndiye kuti, amasintha glucose kukhala "digestible" boma kuti ilowe mu cell iyi ndi yomwe. Insulin sikuwongolera mulingo wina aliyense wa shuga, koma imangothandizitsa kuigwira!

Chifukwa chake, akuti insulin imakhudzidwa ndi metabolism, koma kuchuluka kwa zinthuzi, kapena m'malo mwake, shuga, kumawongolera chiwindi!

Chiwindi chikakhala chathanzi komanso chosajambulidwa ndi poizoni komanso zodetsa nkhawa zosiyanasiyana, munthu akayamba kutsogola, palibe njira zotupa mthupi ndipo chitetezo cha mthupi chimakhala chathanzi pamene impso zimagwira ntchito yawo bwino, mwachitsanzo, zimachotsa poizoni ndi ziphe kunja kwa thupi, ndiye kuti zonse zimakhala zochulukirapo kapena zochepa mwadongosolo . Kupanda kutero, malamulo a shuga m'magazi amasokonekera ndipo chiwindi, chifukwa cholephera kugwira shuga, chimayamba kuchiwonjezera m'magazi mopitirira.

Zachidziwikire, thupi limatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulini yomwe imapangidwa kuti muchepetse shuga yowonjezera, yomwe, mwanjira zambiri, imachitika, koma izi ndizongoyembekezera kwakanthawi ndipo sizimayambitsa chilichonse, popeza chiwindi chimapitilizabe kuponya shuga m'magazi mwambiri. Zotsatira zake, shuga wamagazi akupitilizabe kukwera, ndipo poyandikira pang'ono, shuga amapezekanso mkodzo. Munthu amayamba kuthana ndi ludzu, kufooka, kukakamira pafupipafupi kuchimbudzi, ndipo zonsezi zimaphatikizidwa ndi kuchepa thupi msanga.

Chifukwa chake, kapena zikuwoneka, matenda a shuga a 2 akupanga. Wodwalayo amapatsidwa mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga omwe amasokoneza mayamwidwe a shuga m'matumbo ndipo potero amakwaniritsa kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi. Chisankho chanzeru kwambiri, sichoncho?

Popeza shuga amasiya kumizidwa m'magazi, maselo amayamba kufa ndi njala - pali shuga pang'ono m'magazi. Makamaka njala "shuga" yowononga imakhudza maselo amitsempha! Mwakutero, safuna insulini ndipo amatha kuyamwa shuga popanda iyo (yosadalira-insulini), koma amafunika shuga kuposa ena, chifukwa chofunikira kwambiri pakulimbitsa thupi, kuwongolera komwe kumafunikira mphamvu yayikulu, komanso konyamula mafuta ambiri komanso ogulitsa kwambiri. .

Koma kubwerera ku mapiritsi. Ndi chithandizo chawo, amakwaniritsa kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi, kuwaletsa kuti asatengeke m'matumbo kuchokera ku chakudya, kapena kuletsa kupanga kwa chiwindi. Zotsatira zake, kapamba amayamba kupanga insulini yocheperako, chifukwa chosagwiritsa ntchito, ndipo shuga amatulukanso. Poyankha izi, adokotala amawonjezeranso mlingo wa mankhwalawa ndipo chilichonse chimabwerezedwanso.

Mapeto ake, kapamba pafupifupi amasiya kutulutsa insulin, ngakhale kuti poyamba idkagwira ntchito moyenera. Mapiritsi amasiya kupereka zotsatira ndipo wodwalayo amakakamizidwa kuti amasamutsire jakisoni wa insulin, yemwe pamapeto pake amapha kapamba ndipo amatsogolera ku atrophy yake yotsatira. Munthu amadalira insulin kwa moyo wonse, kapena m'malo mwake, analogue yake yopanga, yomwe imabayidwa pansi pakhungu pogwiritsa ntchito "cholembera cholembera" kapena "insulin pump", yomwe singasinthe tanthauzo la nkhaniyi. Pompo imangokulolani kuchita bwino masana kuti mulowetse gawo limodzi la insulin.

Mwanjira imeneyi mtundu 2 shuga mosalephera, ndi njirayi, imalowa lembani 1 matenda a shuga, mtundu wodalira insulini . Madokotala ena amati mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri wa shuga, womwe umakhudza kwambiri akulu ndi achikulire omwe, kuti awoneke ngati matenda, ndiye kuti ndiwakanthawi kochepa komwe ndimavomereza kwathunthu. Ndi njira yoyenera, kudya mosamalitsa, kulimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu komanso kusintha moyo wanu, mtundu wa matenda a shuga a 2 ungathe kuchiritsidwa mosavuta, kapena m'malo mwake kuchira. Momwemonso chitetezo chamthupi chimabwezeretseka, ntchito za chiwindi zimabwezeretseka.

Chiwindi nthawi zambiri chimakhala chinthu chapadera komanso chokhacho chomwe maselo ake amatha kubwezeretsanso (kudzichiritsa), ndi njira yabwino komanso moyo wabwino! Koma, zikuwoneka kuti, "mankhwala athu" sakukondweretsedwa ndi anthu, koma moyo wawo wonse, womwe nthawi zina amakhala okwera mtengo, zomwe zimapangitsa wodwalayo kuiwala za kanthawi kochepa ndikusiya makoma aku chipatala kuti abwerere posachedwa. Zinafika poti palibe aliyense koma tokha omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi thanzi lathu labwino: kwa madokotala ndi ntchito komanso zopeza, kwa makampani opanga mankhwala ndizopindulitsa zazikulu. Ndipo kwa ife tokha ndi kusokonezeka kwakukulu, zowawa ndi zokhumudwitsa. Mwachidziwikire, mankhwalawa alibe chidwi ndi anthu athanzi: munthu wathanzi sadzapita kuchipatala kuti akalandire chithandizo, ndipo izi zimalepheretsa gulu lankhondo lalikulu la madokotala amalandila ndalama. Sindikunena za mankhwalawa omwe anthu athanzi amasiya kugula, kusiya makampani onse opanga mankhwala popanda phindu, omwe, mwa njira, pafupifupi onse ali a eni akunja. Popeza phindu lomwe limadza chifukwa chogulitsa mankhwala ndi zida zachipatala limaposa kwambiri phindu lochokera ku mankhwala osokoneza bongo a "mankhwala osokoneza bongo", zikuwonekeratu kuti ngakhale tili athanzi, palibe amene angatisiye tokha.

Ndikukumbukira nthabwala zabwino za wodwala amene amafunsa dotolo yemwe adatulukira mbiri yake ya zamankhwala: kodi adzakhala ndi moyo? Kwa iye, akuganiza, akuyankha: Mudzatero. Koma osati olemera. Chabwino, china chake ndidasokonekera. Tiyeni tibwerere ku "nkhosa zathu," insulin.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya insulini: awa ndi insulin yakuchokera nyama (nkhumba, bovine), komanso umisiri wamtundu wa anthu, ngakhale izi ndizomwe zingapezeke pazomwe zimayikidwa. Osatinso kakhazikitsidwe, kapena kafotokozedwe, kapena lingaliro la zochita, koma tanthauzo lina losamveka lomwe silinenanso chilichonse chapadera. Mwakutero, kapangidwe kazomwe zimayikidwa ndizofanana pena paliponse, ndipo yankho lokha, lomwe lili ndi mahomoni, limafanana kwambiri ndi ma insulin onse, zomwe ndizosadabwitsa kuyambira pakuwoneka kwa organic chemistry, chifukwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zili m'malo omwewo zimayenera kukhala mosiyana. Koma pakadali pano, mutha kusiya funso ili pambali.

Komanso, ma insulins amagawidwa pang'onopang'ono (maola 7-8), omwe amayenera kuperekedwa musanadye chakudya chilichonse ndikuchita kwakanthawi (kupitirira maola 18) ndi makina amodzi kapena awiri. Ndipo ngati ma insulin "achidule" adapangidwa kuti alowe m'malo mwa mahomoni achilengedwe, ndiye kuti ma insulini owonjezera, zinthu zimakhala zosiyana kotheratu. Chowonadi ndi chakuti m'thupi mumakhala makina, onse amachepetsa shuga, ndipo motsutsana, ndiye kuti akuwonjezera mulingo uwu. Izi ndizofunikira kuti shuga nthawi zonse amasungidwa mokwanira kwambiri, komanso kuti palibe kudumpha kwadzidzidzi. Tsiku lililonse timadya zakudya zamagulu ochulukirapo, ndipo ngati sizikwanira, thupi limakulitsa mulingo wawo chifukwa cha zomwe umapeza. Apa ndipomwe chiwindi chimakhudzidwa, komanso glucagon ya mahomoni, yomwe imapangidwanso ndi kapamba, maselo ena okha ("alpha") ndi omwe amachititsa izi. Glucagon imafunikira kuti ipange shuga wake m'chiwindi, - imayambitsa kuwonjezera shuga m'magazi pakafunika.

Chifukwa chake, "lalitali" limaletsa kupangika kwa glucagon, ndiko kuti, limaletsa ntchito za maselo "alpha", omwe amachititsa kuti magazi a shuga azichepa komanso atuluke m'gulu la maselo a pancreatic. Zotsatira zake, tawononga maselo "a beta" omwe amayambitsa kupanga insulini, ndipo kuwonjezera apo tawononga maselo a "alpha", ndi chinyengo chonse pamakonzedwe a shuga a magazi. Komanso, motsogozedwa ndi insulin, chiwindi chimavutikanso, chifukwa cha kupindika kwa glucose.Ndipo popanda chiwindi chathanzi, kagayidwe kabwinobwino, makamaka kagayidwe kazachilengedwe, kawirikawiri sikosatheka. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ambiri amavomereza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito “insulin pump” ndikotetezeka kwambiri, pamavuto, komanso pompo chifukwa chimagwiritsa ntchito insulini "yochepa", ndiye kuti chiwindi ndi kapamba zimavutika kwambiri, chifukwa chake, zotsatirapo zake ndizowonongekanso. ziyenera kukhala zochepa.

Zotsatira zake, ma insulin amapondereza kapamba konse, ndipo njirayo imasinthika. Koma si zokhazo. Ndipo osati zoyipa kwambiri zomwe zimabweretsa kugwiritsa ntchito insulin.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga - omwe amakonda mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Ndidzangopatsa mayina ochepa a insulini, chifukwa momwe amapangidwira ali ofanana onse, omwe nawonso ndi achilendo. Nawa ena mwa ma insulini omwe amakonda: Actrapid, Humulin, Lantus ndi ena.

Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane mwachidule chilichonse cha aliyense payekhapayekha. Kodi amapangidwa ndi chiyani? (deta yotengedwa pamakonzedwe - malangizo a mankhwalawo, ndi magawo ovomerezeka pa intaneti). Pa tebulo ili m'munsiyi, ndikukufunsani kuti mupereke chidwi ndi kapangidwe kake kamankhwala omwe amapanga, omwe ali m'malingaliro mwanga, ndiwo omwe amayambitsa matenda ashuga.

Lantus (Solo Star)

Insulin glargin (Insulinum glarginum).

Yankho: Solution ya subcutaneous makonzedwe a 1 ml, insulin glargine 3.6378 mg. (chikufanana ndi 100 IU ya insulin ya anthu)

Kuchokera pagome ili sikophweka kuzindikira kuti m'makonzedwe onse atatuwa omwe akubwera ali ofanana. Ndi zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito, ndichinsinsi chathunthu: palibe fomula yamafuta, kapena dzina lenileni - palibe chomwe chingakhale chothandiza kumveketsa bwino bwino. Ndipo kodi pali vuto lililonse ndipo / kapena kupindula ndi zinthuzi munthawi yogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali?

Ine ndikudabwa chifukwa chiyani? Mwinanso chinsinsi cha malonda. Ndi "othandizira", momwe zinthu ziliri "zabwino", potengera zidziwitso, zomwe tidzapezerapo mwayi ndikuwona zomwe "zothandizira" izi.

Chifukwa chiyani "akutithandiza" motere? Tikuyesera kulingalira. Aliyense amene ali waulesi kwambiri kuti awerenge mawonekedwe ndi zinthu zonse zamafuta awa omwe atchulidwa pansipa angayang'ane izi mosamala "mwatsatanetsatane", pokhapokha potenga chidwi ndi zomwe ndanena. zokwanira kuzindikira kukula kwa chiwopsezo cholowetsa izi mu thupi.

Sizovuta kwa aliyense, ngakhale wophunzira kwambiri, kuzindikira izi Zinthu zonse zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi zowopsa kwambiri , ndipo ngati mungachiyike m'Chirasha - ndi chakupha kwambiri komanso chowopsa kwa thupi la munthu, ngakhale chikakumana ndi khungu, gawo lakunja lomwe limakutidwa ndi maselo akufa. Ndipo tinganene chiyani za kumeza mwachindunji ... Hafu ya iwo ali ndi gulu lachiwiri lowopsa la 4, lachiwiri kokha kwa owopsa, monga potaziyamu cyanide ndi zebaki!

Izi, zikadatha kumaliza nkhaniyo, popeza zomwe tafotokozazi ndi zokwanira kuti munthu aliyense wanzeru azindikire zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa zoopsa izi, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito moyo wanu wonse! Ndipo izi ndizomwe zimachitika pakagwiritsidwe ntchito ka insulin, aliyense amene anena. Koma kwa iwo omwe ali "mu tank," ndipo omwe samatha kumvetsetsa bwino zomwe izi zikutanthauza kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndiyesetsa kumveketsa nkhaniyi pang'ono.

Wina angatsutse: kuti Mlingo wa zinthu izi m'mankhwala mulibe wambiri, ndipo "sungavulaze", koma tisathamangire kuti tinene. Choyamba, "chosakhala chapadera" ndivulanso! Ndipo chachiwiri, mawu ngati amenewa ndi oona mwapadera kwa mankhwalawo. Zomwe munthu samatenga nthawi yayitali, munthawi yochepa yachipatala. Masiku ano matenda a shuga, munthu amakakamizika kubaya insulin tsiku lililonse, ndipo kangapo moyo wake wonse! Chifukwa chake, zikuwoneka kuti kuchuluka kwa zinthu zakudulazi kumawonjezeredwa pamodzi! Mchaka cha tambala wamankhwala otere, pafupifupi 150 ml., Kuphatikiza kapena kuchepera, amalowa m'magazi mwachindunji, kutengera mtundu wa munthu. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zinthu zingapo za poizoni zomwe zimapezeka mu yankho la insulin, motero zovuta zawo zimawonjezeka! Ndipo kukwiya konseku kwathunthu kumadzetsa poyizoni wa ziwalo zonse, kusokoneza impso ndi chiwindi, kuwotcha kwamakemikolo. kudzikundikira kwa kuchuluka kwa poizoni ndi poizoni. Kukhalapo kwanthawi zonse kwa ziphe m'thupi kumawononga ntchito za impso, zomwe zimayambitsa vuto lalikulu ndikuchotsa poizoni m'thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, impso ndizomwe zimayang'anira kuthamanga kwa magazi pazitseko zamitsempha yamagazi, yongolera zomwe zimatchedwa "mtima wa mtima."

Zachidziwikire, kuthamanga kwa magazi kulibe phindu lililonse pama capillaries osalimba ndi osakhazikika, komanso kukhala bwino. Koma kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi gawo lofunikira la thupi: "impso" zobisika capillaries, kukhulupirika kwake komwe kumaphwanyidwanso, thupi limangokakamizidwa kuwonjezera magazi. Zachidziwikire, izi zimaphatikizidwa ndi zotsatira zosasangalatsa, mu mawonekedwe a kukoka kwamphindi yaying'ono, kuwonjezeka kwa katundu pamtima, kumva kusakhuta komanso kupweteka mutu. Koma izi sizoyipa kwenikweni kuposa kupha ziwalo zonse m'nthawi yochepa. Ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, munthu amatha kukhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali, kukhala wathanzi. Koma, ngati magazi satsukidwa poizoni ndi ziphe, ndiye kuti munthu adzafa mwachangu komanso mopweteka. Zachidziwikire ambiri adamva za chinthu chosasangalatsa ngati sepsis - poyizoni wamagazi. M'magawo onse awiriwa, maulosiwo sakhala otonthoza, koma chilengedwe chilibe njira zina zoyeretsera magazi! Palibe chilengedwe chomwe chingadziwiretu kuti anthu enieni adzadzipweteka okha, ngakhale mwadala.

Chilichonse chofotokozedwa pamwambapa, osati chokhacho, chimabweretsa chisokonezo chachikulu cha ziwalo zonse ndi minofu, makamaka zomwe zimakhala ndi mitsempha yambiri yamagazi: awa ndi chiwindi, impso, ndulu, ubongo ndi minyewa yamanjenje yonse, kuphatikiza ndi mitsempha ya m'maso ndi maso a m'maso, omwe amabooleredwa ndi ma capillaries ang'onoang'ono. Zachidziwikire, izi ndi ziwiya zokha, makamaka ziwiya zamagawo akumunsi, poganizira malo omwe ali kutali kwambiri ndi mtima. Mtima ndi mtima zimagwira ntchito yoyendetsa thupi, chifukwa zimabweretsa zakudya ndi mpweya m'maselo, ndikuchotsa poizoni ndi ziphe m'maselo. Ntchito yonseyi imatchedwa "metabolism." Udindo waukulu pakuchita izi umaseweredwa ndi zotengera zoonda kwambiri - ma capillaries, momwe kusinthanaku kumachitikira.

Ma capillaries ndi oonda kwambiri, ma microscopic machubu omwe si ma microscope onse omwe angazindikire. Zowonjezera: kutalika kwa dongosolo lonse la munthu mu fomu "yozokotedwa" ndizoposa ma kilomita 100,000, osati mita, koma ma kilomita! Awa ndi maulendo ochepa padziko lonse lapansi! Thupi lathu limapyozedwa ndi mitsempha ya magazi kwambiri. Makoma a nyumba zabwino kwambiri zoterezi amakhala ndi maselo amodzi. Kapangidwe kosavuta koteroko kamalola kuti pakhale kupangika kwakukulu pakati pa magazi ndi madzi a m'magazi momwe maselo athu amayandama. Ndipo kuwonongeka pang'ono kwa capillaries kumayambitsa kutaya magazi ndi ma cell am'magazi m'magazi, zomwe ndizosavomerezeka (chinthu chodziwika ndi aliyense monga kupweteka).Zachidziwikire, thupi limatha kukonza chotengera chowonongeka, koma zikaonongeka zambiri ndikupitilizidwa kudziunjikira mosalekeza, thupi limalephera kutunga mabowo onse.

Ma capillaries owonongeka oterewa amaphatikizidwa, kuti apewe kuthamanga kwakukulu komanso kufalikira kwa matenda, omwe nthawi zonse amapezeka m'malo owonongeka. Pambuyo pake, ziwiya "zong'ambika" zimangosinthidwa ndi zomwe zimadziwika kuti "zongopangidwa kumene," zofanizira. Munthawi ya "kukonza" ndikusinthira mitsempha yamagazi, maselo omwe adadyetsedwa nawo adamwalira kapena kuwonongeka kwakukulu, ndipo adasinthidwa ndi maselo a minyewa yosavuta, yomwe imakhala ngati "zida kukonza" mthupi lathu komanso Palibenso ntchito.

Minofu yamitsempha, yomwe imagwira ntchito kuwongolera machitidwe ndi ziwalo zonse za thupi lathu, imakhudzidwa makamaka ndi njala. Chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi cha kuwonongeka kwa minofu yotereyi ndi chomwe chimatchedwa "diabetesic retinopathy" - kuwonongeka ndi kusokoneza kwa retina kuti amalize kulipira kwa mitsempha ya maso, pazifukwa zomwe tafotokozazi. Inde, njira zowonongeka zotere zimachitika mthupi lonse, koma m'maso ndizowonekera. Mwanjira yabwino kwambiri ya mawu.

Pofuna kubwezeretsa masomphenya, ndikofunikira, choyambirira, kuti muchepetse kudya kwa ziphe m'thupi, ndikuyeretsa impso. Kenako bwezeretsani ntchito ya pancreatic. Kenako konzani ziwiya zonse, m'malo mochotsa maselo okhala ndi zithunzi zowonongeka ndi amoyo wathanzi, chotsani poizoni ndi chilichonse. Sinthani kusintha konseku pamlingo wazizindikiro zamaubongo, ndipo zitatha izi mutha kudalira ntchito yonse ya maso ndi thupi lonse. Kuti mukwaniritse zonsezi, muyenera kuyeretsa ndi kubwezeretsanso ntchito ya magazi ena onse mthupi, kuti muzitha kuzungulira komanso kugwiritsira ntchito metabolism. Koma kuti mupange kuyeretsa kwina konse mthupi, muyenera kubwezeretsanso kugwira ntchito kwa impso izi zisanachitike. Kupanda kutero, kuphatikizira kwa poizoni ndi tinthu tambiri tomwe timakhala m'maselo titha kungobisa impso, zomwe zimatsogolera kumatchedwa "kulephera kwa impso", poyizoni wa magazi, ndipo pamapeto pake mpaka kufa kwa thupi. Ndipo tsopano, aliyense akhoza kupanga chisankho pazokha, kodi ndizotheka kuti zamankhwala zamakono zipange gawo la zonsezi pamwambapa? Ndikuganiza kuti yankho lake nlachidziwikire.

Kodi choyambitsa chachikulu cha zovuta za matenda ashuga ndi chiyani?

Choyambitsa chenicheni cha mavuto onsewa si shuga konse, monga madokotala akunenera. Molondola, siwambiri shuga monga momwe amapangira insulin, koma makamaka, yankho lomwe limakhalapo ndipo limawotcha mitsempha ya magazi a wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo tsiku lililonse, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto osaneneka. Funso lokhalo ndi nthawi komanso "malire a chitetezo" cha chamoyo china, koma zotulukapo zake zikuwonekerabe. Shuga, kapena molekyulu ya glucose, yokha siyingavulaze thupi, popeza ndiye mafuta achilengedwe a maselo ndipo thupi limasinthidwa kuti lizigwira mamolekyulu amenewo. China chake ndikuti pali zochulukirapo za mamolekyulu awa. Monga zina zilizonse, sizimakhudza thupi m'njira zabwino, ndipo ma mamolekyulu enieniwo si owopsa, koma ndi zovulaza kuti thupi silingathe kuyamwa, komanso ngakhale pazinthu zosafunikira zotere. Zotsatira zake, pamachitika zodabwitsazi: pakukhala zakudya zochulukirapo, thupi silingathe kuzimeza, ndipo nthawi zonse limakhala ndi "njala". Chifukwa chake, kufooka ndi kuvala kwa machitidwe ndi ziwalo zonse pang'onopang'ono zimayamba, zomwe zimatsogolera ku kufa kwa thupi.

Kuti mugwire bwino shuga yemweyo, thupi limafunikira kuchuluka kwakukulu ndi insulini, makamaka mwachilengedwe chake.Analogue yopanga ikhoza kusintha pang'ono gawo lathu la insulin. Kupatula apo, njira yodziyimira payokha ya shuga imasokonezeka ndikusinthidwa ndi "buku", ndipo ndi chikhumbo chonse sichingabwezeretse kagayidwe kazachilengedwe, ndipo izi ndizoposa mphamvu iliyonse yamankhwala. Kuwongolera kwa insulin yamankhwala kumangopatsa chinyengo chabe kuti zonse zikuyenda bwino. Ndipo posakhalitsa zimayambitsa zovuta zazikulu, monga khungu, kusokonezeka kwa impso, mtima dongosolo, kuzungulira kwa malekezero ena, etc. Ndipo chifukwa chamanyazi onsewa si shuga, kapena m'malo mwake si shuga wambiri monga insulin, malo ake opangira, zomwe zimalepheretsa mtima ndi impso. Osatinso insulin yokha, koma yankho lomwe ili momwemo, ndipo izi zikuwonetsedwa mwachindunji mu mankhwala omwe ena mwa "obwera" - mwachitsanzo, "glycerin".

Mokulira, pamachitika zodabwitsazi ndi chinthuchi: kukonzekera kwa insulin, yopangidwira kuchepetsa magazi a m'magazi, imakhala ndi chinthu chomwe chimakulitsa mulingo uwu, ndipo pambali pake, imayipa kwambiri ntchito ya capillary ndipo imayambitsa kuchuluka kwa mtima. Ndipo zonsezi ndi matenda ashuga ...

Ndikukana kumvetsetsa kuti izi zitha bwanji kukhala mgulu la nzeru? Kupatula apo, mankhwalawa samapangidwa ku mayiko ena obwerera "dziko lachitatu", koma ku Europe, ndi makampani akuluakulu azamankhwala omwe ali ndi zaka zambiri odziwa. Kodi samvetsetsa zomwe akuchita? Ndikuganiza kuti akudziwa bwino, ndipo izi zikuphatikiza kale mndandanda wina wazinthu zina zosiyana kwambiri zomwe sizingafanane ndi nkhaniyi.

Koma kachiwiri, kubwerera ku mutu wathu. Ndikubwerezanso kunena kuti zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta zazikulu sizingakhale "shuga" zokha. Thupi limasinthidwa mwanjira inayake kuchuluka kwa mamolekyu a glucose, koma thupi lathu silokonzekera kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa "tambala" wamtunduwu, wotchedwa "otchukira," ndipo silinapangidwe kuti tipeze zoipa. Koma chilengedwe sichingaganize kuti ndife tokha. Modzifunira, titha kuyamba kuthilira madzi ndi ziphe zamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale zochuluka chotere, komanso mosakhalitsa.

Ndisanamalize nkhaniyi, ndikufuna kufotokoza bwino pang'ono funso komanso kusadwala matenda ashuga . Mwa zina, zomwe zimatchedwa antiseptics, zomwe ndi gawo limodzi la yankho limodzi la insulin, zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chitetezo cha mthupi. Zachidziwikire, amabweretsa mphindi yabwino, ndikupha kachilomboka m'dera la jakisoni wa insulin, bwanji palibe njira zotupa m'malo awa, ngakhale kuti jakisoni amapangidwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo khungu m'malo awa silimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mowa, ndipo ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito singano imodzi yomweyo kumaloledwa pa syringes. Koma ndipamene mapindu onse a antiseptics amatha, ndikuvulaza kwambiri kumayambira. Kuphatikiza kuti zinthu izi ndizopweteka kwambiri - zapoizoni, zomwe zimayika zovuta pamitsempha yamagazi, impso, chiwindi, mtima, mantha, zimasokoneza chitetezo chathu.

M'malo mwake, amagwira ntchito monga maantibayotiki, kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali komwe kumapangitsa kuti chitetezo chamthupi chisagwe. Masiku ano matenda a shuga a mellitus, "anti-kutupa" awa amakhala moyo wanga wonse, kotero chitetezo changa sichitha kugwira ntchito nthawi zonse, chifukwa ntchito yonse yotsutsana ndi bakiteriya imachitika ndi antiseptics, pomwe pali ambiri opanda tanthauzo pakukonzekera insulin. Cholinga cha opanga kuti izi ndizofunikira kuti vial yotseguka ya insulin ikhoza kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali sichitsutsa kutsutsidwa kulikonse. Choyamba, mbale zoterezi, ndipo tsopano zochulukirapo, sizimatsegulidwa konse, ngati zosafunikira, ndipo mankhwalawo amakankhidwa ndi piston ya cholembera popanda kanthu, osatinso kanthu.Ndipo zochulukirapo zotere zimatha mwachangu ndipo zimasinthidwa ndi watsopano, ndipo sitingakayikire zakuti "alipo" owonjezereka. Ndiponso ndili ndi funso: nanga bwanji pakukonzekera insulini ndiwotulutsa mankhwala ochuluka kwambiri? Madokotala mwachilengedwe amapeza yankho la funso ili, mu mtundu wa "chofunikira kwambiri" ndipo "ndikotetezeka" ...

Komabe, pazifukwa zina, palibe amene amasamala ndipo samatchula za katundu yemwe dongosolo la lymphatic limakumana ndi matenda osokoneza bongo - njira yomwe imagwira ntchito mogwirizana kwambiri ndi mtima wamtima ndikuwathandizira, imayambitsa kuchotsedwa ndi kusaloledwa kwa poizoni ndi poizoni. , imasamala ndikuyeretsa "zamadzimadzi" zonse m'thupi lathu, komanso ndi gawo lofunikira la chitetezo chathupi, chofunikira kwambiri kwa matenda ashuga. Aliyense amadziwa kuti matenda ashuga amachepetsa chitetezo cha mthupi, bwanji, palibe amene amafotokoza. Dokotala aliyense amakhala ndi yankho limodzi ku mafunso onse: "... mukufuna chiyani, akuti, ndi shuga, ndipo chifukwa chake ndimavuto onse ...", zomwe zimachitika mwanjira imodzi yokha.

Malinga ndi lingaliro ili, njira zotupa zimayenera kuchitika makamaka mmera ya shuga, popeza chitetezo chofooka chimachepa, ndipo ena onse ayenera kukhala athanzi ndikutetezedwa kumatenda. M'malo mwake, tikuwona chithunzi chosiyana kwambiri, chomwe ndi chakuti, "anthu ogwira ntchito ya shuga" samadwala matenda opumira kwambiri, pomwe anthu athanzi, m'malo mwake, amadwala, ngakhale ali ndi dongosolo lokhazikika. Chifukwa chake, sizokhudza shuga. Ndipo mfundo yake ili ndendende mu ma antiseptics omwe, ngakhale amapondera matendawa, koma iwo eni amatsogolera ku imfa ya maselo amoyo wathanzi! Ndipo ngati wina ayesa kuchepetsa kwambiri mankhwala a insulin, ndiye kuti amathamangira kukumana ndi zotsatirapo zoipa, zomwe zimachulukitsa matenda onse osachiritsika.

Ma antiseptic kapena maantibayotiki ali ndi vuto lililonse osati ma cell a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso maselo onse athanzi, chifukwa iwo, makamaka, si osiyana ndi oyamba. Chifukwa chake, sikulimbikitsidwa kumwa maantibayotiki pafupipafupi komanso m'njira zambiri. Ngakhale dzina "antiotic" (lili ndi mawu ena achi Greek "anti" ndi "bio", omwe amatanthauza "motsutsana ndi moyo"), limadzilankhulira lokha. Inde, maantibayotiki amatha kukhala othandiza pakuwonjezereka kwa matenda ena opatsirana, koma osatinso. Nthawi zina, zimapangitsa kuti thupi liwonongeke, zimasokoneza mphamvu ya chitetezo chathupi, ndipo zimawonjezera mphamvu.

Chifukwa chake, poganizira zonse zomwe tafotokozazi, pamakhala zomvetsa chisoni: pamodzi ndi "mankhwalawa", timapeza zovuta zambiri, nthawi zina zowopsa kuposa matenda omwe, omwe tikudwala.

Pankhani ya insulin, pamachitika tsoka lalikulu, limodzi ndi umagwirira aliyense. Osati zokhazo, insulin yochita kupanga simupereka chakudya chathunthu chamthupi, imayambitsanso kuvulaza thupi lonse! Mankhwala aliwonse, osavuta kwambiri amakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa ngakhale atagwiritsidwa ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa, ndipo nthawi zambiri amalembedwa pamawuwo. Koma, ndi insulin, pazifukwa zina, zinthu sizili zosiyana kotheratu. Pamawu omwe akuperekera palibe mawu okhudzana ndi zovuta zilizonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwalawa, kupatula zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndizotsutsana. Kodi wina angayankhe kuti, makamaka, izi ndizotheka bwanji ngati pali zinthu zambiri zakupha? Inde, ndipo ndikugwiritsa ntchito moyo wanu wonse? Kupatula ngati kubisa mwadala chidziwitso izi sizingatchulidwe ...

Kodi pali njira ina yothandizira kuti mukhale ndi insulin?

Ndikuganiza kuti pakhala pali ena omwe angafune kutsutsa ndikunena kuti insulini "imapulumutsa moyo wa anthu, ndipo palibenso china chake." Izi zitha kuyankhidwa motere: zomwe zingatheke ndikupulumutsa, koma pokhapokha kuti pambuyo pake zisinthe kukhala "zoopsa". Ndipo pali chisankho nthawi zonse, ndipo munthu ayenera kuchenjezedwa za zoopsa ndi zotsatirapo zake asanapange chisankho.Ndipo, ngati matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba siosavuta, ngakhale kuti ndi osokoneza bongo, ndiye kuti munthu wodwala matenda ashuga a 2 ali ndi mwayi wokhala wathanzi komanso osavulazidwa. Pokhapokha pakufunika kufotokoza zonse molondola komanso mwachangu kwa anthu, osati kuwopseza zovuta zomwe zingalephereke.

Inde, kukana insulini kosavuta sikutha kuthetsa vuto, ndipo sikotheka konse, koma ndizotheka kuchita izi, ngati muli ndi chidziwitso chokwanira komanso njira yololera! Zowona, pankhani iyi, munthu ayenera kudzipangira yekha:

• siyani kamodzi kokha zoipa zonse ndi zizolowezi,
• samalani kwambiri ndi zakudya
• kuyenda pafupipafupi pamsewu, monga panja, shuga amawonjezera mosavuta ndipo amawonongeka,
• onetsetsani kuti mukuchita zikhalidwe zanu zamasiku onse,
• Inde, zoona, malingaliro olondola a malingaliro ndi kuphunzira kwa chidziwitso chonse chomwe chilipo chokhudza matendawa.

Mwambiri, muyenera kusintha moyo wanu, kukhala wathanzi komanso yoyenera. Ndikumvetsetsa kuti izi sizophweka konse, koma cholinga chachikulu ndikukhala ndi moyo wathanzi komanso wautali, mwina zikuyenera kuthana ndi ulesi ndi kufooka kulikonse.

Ndikufuna kunena motsimikiza kuti ayi, sindingayitane kukana insulin kwathunthu komanso nthawi yomweyo! Makamaka anthu omwe akudwala matenda oyamba! Ndikulakalaka kufotokozera iwo omwe atha kukhala kale pafupi ndi matendawa, komanso omwe sakudziwa za izi, komabe ali pachiwopsezo. Chifukwa chake, ndimaona kuti ndi udindo wanga kuchenjeza aliyense za ngozizi. Popanda chidziwitso, munthu amadzipangitsa yekha kulakwa kosagonjetseka, zotsatirapo zake, pomwepo muyenera kuthana ndi moyo wanu wonse.

Ndikofunikira, pomaliza, kumvetsetsa kuti pambali pathu, thanzi lathu silifunikanso kwa wina aliyense mdziko lino, ndipo silothandiza. Yakwana nthawi yoti tonse tikule ndikuyamba kutenga udindo pazomwe timachita. Ndipo musasinthe kuti mukhale kwa "amalume" a anthu ena ndi “azakhali. Ngakhale akhale madotolo. Musaiwale kuti ndi anthu ofanana omwe amatha kulakwitsa, onse chifukwa chodziwa zambiri zomwe sizimalola kuti adziwe zolondola, komanso mantha ndi ntchito yawo komanso malipiro awo. Koma zingakhale momwemo, mulimonse, munthu aliyense payekha ali ndiudindo pazomwe amachita . Mwiniwake, osati "Mulungu", ndipo osati "Mfumu" osati "Mutu". Ndipo zilibe kanthu kuti wina akonde kapena ayi, akumvetsa kapena ayi. Pokhapokha munthu akazindikira izi, ndipo atakhala ndi udindo wonse pazomwe akuchita, zinthu zimatha kusintha. Pakadali pano, timakhulupirira athu, thanzi lathu lokha, kwa alendo, tikukhulupirira, ngati ana ang'ono, kuti amatha kusintha kena kake m'moyo wathu wolakwika, palibe chabwino chomwe timayembekezera. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni ife tsopano tikule ndi kukhala anzeru pamalingaliro apamwamba a mawu.

Thanzi la thupi la munthu limatengera chiwerengero cha mahomoni m'menemo, makamaka - Insulin. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a Insulin ambiri ndi zovuta komanso zomwe zingachitike, zimatha kuvulaza thanzi.

Zotsatira za pafupipafupi mankhwala a insulin

Ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo akulu kwambiri adachitika kamodzi, zizindikirazo zimatchulidwa, motero, kufunika kwa njira zothetsera zotsalazo kumadziwika.

Ndikosavuta kukhazikitsa kupezeka kwa insulin yambiri, yomwe imakhudza thupi lonse, ndikukulitsa wodwala.

Zizindikiro Zambiri

Mankhwala ochulukitsa a mahomoni amadziwika ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi ochepera 3.3 mmol / L. Mawonetseredwe apadera kumayambiriro kwa vutoli: kuwukira koopsa kwa njala yayikulu, kunjenjemera ndi kumva milomo ndi zala.

Kuukira kwambiri herpes zoster cephalgia, chizungulire, kuchuluka kwa mtima, cardialgia, nkhope limachita imvi, wodwalayo thukuta kwambiri, akuyamba kuwuma, kufooka kwathunthu.

Kusakwiya kumawonekera, koma zochita za odwala zimakhalabe zokwanira.Ili ndiye gawo loyamba la hypoglycemia - cortical. Pakadali pano, chilichonse ndikutenga zotsekemera, amakhulupirira kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikwabwino kuposa komwe kumatsitsidwa.

Gawo 2 - subcortical-diencephalic. Khalidwe limayamba kukhala loperewera, kusokonezeka kwamasamba kumawonekera: kutuluka thukuta, kunenepa kwambiri, kunjenjemera kwa thupi, kuwona kawiri, kukwiya komanso kuyesa kupeza chakudya. Ndi hypoglycemia, palibe fungo la acetone kuchokera mkamwa.

Gawo 3 - hypoglycemia: kamvekedwe ka minofu kamadzuka kwambiri, khunyu limatuluka. Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakwezedwa, khungu limakhala lonyowa, mydriasis, kuchepa kwa kuwona kwa chidwi, tachycardia, Babinsky's pathological Reflex.

Kutentha thupi kumasungidwa, khungu limakhala lotumbululuka, kumverera kwa miyendo kumachepetsedwa. Pamene kugunda kumafufuma, kunjenjemera kwa miyendo ndi thupi kuwoneka - uku ndi kuyamba kwa kuphwanya.

Muyeneranso kudya chakudya cham'magazi mwachangu ndikuletsa kupita patsogolo kwa njirayi.

Gawo 4 - kwenikweni. Shuga amachepetsedwa ndi mayunitsi 5. kuchokera ku mtengo woyambira. Palibe chikumbumtima, chidwi ndi kamvekedwe ka mawonekedwe a maso zimachulukitsidwa, ana amakhalabe otupa. Zizindikiro zina zonse zimagwira.

Gawo 5 - chikomero chakuya, hyperhidrosis ikukula. Kukonzanso kumatha, kamvekedwe ka minofu kachepa, thukuta limayima. Kupsinjika kwa magazi, kutsika kwa mtima ndi kupuma kumasokonezeka.

Mlingo wa kuyambika kwa zizindikiro zimatengera mtundu wa insulini - ndikuwonetsa pang'ono, mwachangu, ndi pang'ono pang'onopang'ono - zimatenga maola angapo. Pafupifupi, zizindikiro zimayamba kukula pambuyo pa maola awiri

Ngati simukuchitapo kanthu, kutha kwadzidzidzi kumayamba. Apa, thandizo la anthu pozungulira likufunika kale.

Imfa imachitika ndi kuchepa kwa zinthu zoyambira kupuma ndi magazi, areflexia. Kuthamanga kwa mtima kumachepa, palibe ma corneal Reflex. Ngati vuto lotere la hypoglycemia limachitika pafupipafupi, vuto la m'maganizo limadziwika, chifukwa ma cell a ubongo ndi oyamba kuyankha ku hypoglycemia. Mu ana - pali kubwezeretsa m'maganizo.

Zotsatira za bongo

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo: zovuta ndi zotsatira zake zimatha kukhala ngati MI, stroke, pulmonary ndi ubongo edema, mawonekedwe a meningeal, hyperthermia, kukula kwa dementia, ndi kufa. Insulin yodalira insulin ndi zovuta zina, makamaka mu ziwalo, zimatha kuwoneka ngati kukokoloka kwa diso.

Matenda osokoneza bongo osaneneka, matenda a Somoji amakula. Pachimake ketoacidosis imayamba. Chithandizo chilichonse chimafooketsa thupi la wodwalayo, chifukwa mphamvu yayikulu ya PSSP imayikidwa ndipo chikhululukiro chimayimitsidwa.

Zovuta zakuchuluka kwa mahomoni ku ubongo

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri amakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa zama ubongo. Izi ndichifukwa cha vasoconstrictor mphamvu ya timadzi. Zizindikiro za hyperinsulinemia zimatha kupezeka mwa ana ndi akulu mwanjira ya mutu wovuta.

Kuti muwathetse, ndikokwanira kusintha chikhalidwe, osati zakudya zomwe zili ndi chakudya chambiri kuchokera kuzakudya momwe mungathere. Zothandiza ndizokhala nthawi yayitali mumlengalenga komanso masewera.

Zoopsa kwambiri zoyambitsidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa insulin yayikulu:

Glucose imapereka chakudya ku ubongo. Ngati kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi kumafika pachimodzimodzi, maselo am'kati mwa njoka, omwe amatchedwa kuti neuroglycopenia, amayamba. Poyerekeza ndi kusowa kwa glucose, matenda amitsempha, kusokonezeka kwa chikumbumtima kumachitika, njira za metabolic m'maselo a grey nkhani yaubongo zimasokonekera.

Chovulaza chochepa kwambiri chikaphatikizidwa ndi insulin yochulukirapo imakhala m'malo a ubongo omwe amachititsa kupuma ndi mtima. Chifukwa chake, kugunda kwamtima kumapitirirabe kwakanthawi, ngakhale mutakhala ndi vuto la hypoglycemic.

Pofuna kupewa matenda a edema am'mimba, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito: Furosemide, Piracetam, Mannitol solution imayendetsedwa. Poletsa kuphatikiza kwamitsempha yamagazi, ma magnesium sulfate amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ngati chiwopsezo chomakula kwambiri cha hypoglycemia chikuchotsedwa mkati mwa mphindi 30, zotsatirapo za thupi lomwe limakhala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo a Insulin sizikhala zochepa. Kupanda kutero, mphamvu yanjala imatsogolera ku edema yam'mimba komanso zotupa m'matumbo ake.

Kuthandiza ndi bongo wa insulin

Ngati vuto la hypoglycemia litachitika, nthawi zonse pamakhala zochita. Wodwala iye yekha, pachiwonetsero choyamba, amatha kudya chakudya champhamvu kwambiri. Koma ngati mukusowa nthawi, muyenera kuyimbira ambulansi nthawi yomweyo.

Asanafike, muyenera kuyika wodwalayo pambali pake. Kukulani miyendo, osafunikira jakisoni. Njira yokhayo yothanirana ndi zakumwa zotsekemera.

M'kamwa mwa wodwalayo, ngakhale atakhala kuti sakudziwa, muyenera kuyika chidutswa cha shuga. Pamaso pa chikumbumtima, wodwalayo amadya mikate yoyera 50-100 g. Ngati palibe kusintha, mutatha mphindi 3-5 - kuperekanso maswiti atatu kapena 2-3 tsp. shuga. Pambuyo mphindi zina 5, zonse zitha kubwerezedwa.

Majakisoni onse, makamaka okhudzidwa, amachitidwa ndi madotolo azadzidzidzi - izi, ndikubweretsa 40% shuga ndi kuchipatala kwa wodwala.

Kulimbitsa Thupi

Insulin ndi mahomoni opangidwa ndi kapamba. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zotsatira za anabolic, zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga thupi kuyambira pafupifupi 1994. Pakadali pano, mankhwala otetezeka kwambiri ndi HumilinR (Wopanga US), yemwe amagwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo, ndipo nthawi yowonekera kwake ndiyifupi.

Kodi phindu la insulin ndi chiyani?

Insulin ikalowa m'thupi, shuga amatsika kwambiri kumapeto kwake, ndipo mahomoni amtundu wa somatotropic amatulutsidwa kasanu, kapenanso kasanu mwachangu. Zotsatira zake, minofu anabolism imakulanso kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa maphunziro kukhala othandiza kwambiri.

Ma bodybuilders akugwiritsa ntchito mwachangu ma Steroids ndi Insulin, ophatikizidwa ndi Somatropin.

Kodi HumilinR ndiye otetezeka bwanji? Mosiyana ndi izi, kukonzekera kwina kwa insulin kumachitika mthupi kwakanthawi, ndipo hypoglycemia "imayamba" m'thupi la othamanga. Umu ndi momwe ma glucose amatsikira kwambiri. Musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa, muyenera kudziwa mlingo woyenera wa thupi lanu, komanso kuonana ndi dokotala. Kupatula apo, hypoglycemia imayambitsa zizindikiro zambiri zosasangalatsa, kuphatikiza:

• Kuopa kuwalako.
• Mutu ndi chizungulire.
• Zosangalatsa pamtima.
• Kuchepetsa chidwi.
• Kugona, njala, komanso kukwiya msanga.
• Delirium, nkhawa komanso kusowa tulo.

Ngati mukumva chimodzi mwazizindikirozi pa inu, ndiye kuti muyenera kudya china chake mwachangu (Chakudyacho chili ndi zopatsa mphamvu zambiri za shuga, zomwe zimaletsa kuukira kwa hypoglycemia). Hypoglycemia ndiyowopsa kwa thupi, ikhoza kupita kuchipatala.

Akatswiri olimbitsa thupi amagwiritsa ntchito insulin pomanga thupi ndi phindu lalikulu komanso "mulingo woyenera", momwe thupi limakhalira lodzaza ndi hypoglycemia. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi kudya koyenera.

Insulin

Monga tanena kale - zonse zimatengera umunthu wa thupi. Ambiri omanga thupi amalowetsa insulin kumapeto kwa kulimbitsa thupi (mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku umachokera ku mayunitsi 3-5). Chonde dziwani kuti insulini pakupanga thupi imabayidwa pokhapokha ndi syringe yapadera ya jakisoni wa insulin (Wogulitsidwa mu mankhwala aliwonse popanda mankhwala). Kugwiritsa ntchito syringes nthawi zonse kumakhumudwitsidwa, chifukwa ndizosatheka kusankha mlingo woyenera.

Zilonda zimaperekedwa mwanjira. Choyamba, khungu limatambasuka m'mimba, lomwe muyenera kubayidwa.

Sizoletsedwa kupaka insulin ndi kutentha, ikhoza kuchitidwa mwa kuziziritsa chisanachitike. Pafupifupi mphindi 15 jekeseni, muyenera kudya kena kake kotsekemera (Kambiri m'matumbo), ndipo patatha ola limodzi osakaniza.Ngati kugona kuwonekera pambuyo pa jakisoni, ndiye kuti osagona, monga kugona tulo kwambiri kungayambitse. Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito pafupifupi maola anayi.

Ubwino ndi kuipa.

Ubwino wawukulu ndi kuwonjezeka kwa anabolic, chifukwa chomwe minyewa yake imakhazikika pamaso pathu, chifukwa chake insulin pomanga thupi ndiyotchuka kwambiri. Zowopsa ndikuti pakhoza kukhala mafuta osiyanasiyana (makamaka ngati muli a endomorph, thupi la anthu oterewa limapanga ma calorie ochulukirapo kukhala mafuta).

Ngati mukuopa kupezeka kwamafuta, ndiye kuti muyenera kumwa insulin limodzi ndi triiodothyronine kapena metformin.

Tsopano za zovuta zake. Chosasangalatsa kwambiri ndi imfa, mukatenga mlingo waukulu, shugayo amachepetsa nthawi yomweyo - ndipo izi zimatha kupha. Musamale kwambiri ndi mankhwalawa, mosasamala kanthu zomwe zingachitike ndi insulin. Thanzi ndilofunika kwambiri.

Kodi insulin ndi yoyipa: zabwino ndi zoipa

Odwala ambiri omwe amapezeka ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amakhala ndi nkhawa kwambiri pamene dotolo amawakumana ndi kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito insulin, chifukwa nthawi yomweyo pamakhala mafunso ndi nkhawa zambiri, zazikuluzikulu zake ndi - kodi insulin ndi yoyipa? Zachidziwikire, mbali imodzi, zikuwonekeratu kuti dokotala akuyesera kuti akhale wodekha pamlingo wa wodwalayo ndipo amangopereka zomwe akumufuna, koma poti mankhwala aliwonse ali ndi zotsatirapo zake, sizimapweteka kuzindikira zolakwika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa:

• Kulemera. Monga lamulo, motsutsana ndi maziko a mankhwala a insulin, odwala amayamba kulemera. Izi zikufotokozedwa, komabe, osati ndi mphamvu ya mankhwalawo pawokha, koma ndi kuwonjezeka kwa njala ndi kuchuluka kwa kudya kwa calorie komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha insulin. Izi zitha kupewedwa powunikira zakudya zanu.
• Kusungidwa kwa madzi mthupi la munthu. Monga lamulo, kuvulaza insulin kotereku kumawonedwa mu masabata angapo atangoyamba kumene chithandizo ndipo kumayendetsedwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi edema yolumikizana ndi kuti madzi samatuluka m'thupi.
• Mavuto amawonedwe. Nthawi zambiri, zotere zimachitika pakangotha ​​masabata angapo atangoyamba kumene chithandizo chamankhwala ndikudzipatsira okha.
• Hypoglycemia - mwina mbali yotsatirayi ya kumwa mankhwalawa imatha kuvulaza thupi lathu, kuphatikizapo imfa.
• Momwe thupi limasokoneza. Izi zitha kudziwikanso kuti zochita za thupi, chifukwa m'zaka zaposachedwa pakhala palibe zochitika zosagwirizana ndi insulin.
• Lipodystrophy. Komanso osati zovulaza kwambiri ndi insulin mankhwala, komabe, nthawi zina zimapezeka. Nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa pamalowo pobayira jakisoni ndipo amadziwika ndi kutha kwa ma subcutaneous fat amana, kapena ndi kuchuluka kwawo.

Mankhwala amafunanso ndalama kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Pali mankhwala anzeru amakono aku Europe, koma samangokhala chete. Izi ndi.

Chifukwa chake, ngati mwapatsidwa insulin, zabwino ndi zowonongeka, mungayesere kuziyesa ndikuzindikira, koma osayiwala kuti nthawi zambiri ndiyo njira yokhayo yomwe ingakhalire wathanzi lanu ndipo, mwina, kuvulala kwake sikofanana ndi chimenecho. mapindu omwe chithandizo cha matenda ashuga mosakayikira amabweretsa. Inde, zonsezi zimangoperekedwa pakumwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa moyang'aniridwa ndi adokotala.

Ndinadwala matenda ashuga kwa zaka 31. Tsopano ali wathanzi. Koma, makapisozi awa ndi osatheka ndi anthu wamba, safuna kugulitsa mankhwala, sizopindulitsa kwa iwo.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a Type 2 chimatha kuvulaza kuposa chabwino

Kafukufuku watsopano akuwonetsa kuti kwa odwala okalamba omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ya magazi amatha kuvulaza koposa zabwino, malinga ndi RIA Med Informs. Pafupifupi anthu 25 miliyoni a ku United States ali ndi matenda a shuga, kuphatikizapo mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, 90-95% ya milandu yonse. Matenda a 2 a shuga amadziwika ndi kukana insulini - kulephera kwa thupi kupanga insulin yokwanira kapena kugwiritsa ntchito timadzi tambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa shuga m'magazi.Popita nthawi, shuga wambiri amatha kubweretsa impso, maso, kapena matenda amtima, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, kapena sitiroko.

Kuzindikira matenda a shuga a mtundu 2 nthawi zambiri kumadalira kuyezetsa magazi komwe kumayeza milingo ya hemoglobin A1c m'magazi. Kuyeza kumeneku kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi miyezi itatu yapitayo. Nthawi zina vutoli limatha kuthandizidwa ndikusintha zakudya, odwala ena omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 angafunike chithandizo - mwachitsanzo, insulin kapena metformin - kuti athandizire kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi ndipo, pomaliza, amachepetsa zovuta za matenda ashuga.

Kusankhidwa kwa dokotala ndi kwaulere. Pezani katswiri woyenera ndipo pangana!

Koyambira?

Mulimonsemo, yesezani. Mudzadabwa momwe zimakhalira zosavuta. Ndi cholembera - chinthu chomwecho, zonse ndizosavuta komanso zosapweteka. Luso logwiritsira ntchito insulini limakhala lothandiza pakakhala kuzizira, poyizoni wa chakudya, kapena vuto lina lililonse. Nthawi ngati izi, pangafunike kubayira insulin kwakanthawi. Kupanda kutero, matenda a shuga atha kukulira moyo wanu wonse.

Odwala a shuga a Type 2 omwe amathandizidwa ndi insulin amavutika:

• Amadzipatsa okha mankhwala abwino ochokera kunja,
• kuwerengetsa mulingo woyenera,
• kuyeza shuga pafupipafupi, sungani diary tsiku ndi tsiku,
• santhula zotsatira za chithandizo.

Koma kupweteka kwa jakisoni si vuto lalikulu, chifukwa kulibe. Pambuyo pake mudzaseka zamantha anu akale.

Pakapita kanthawi, ngakhale subulinaneous wa insulin yochepa Mlingo utha kuwonjezeredwa ku ndalama izi malinga ndi chiwembu chomwe chimasankhidwa payekha. Mankhwala anu a insulini azikhala otsika katatu kuposa omwe madotolo amawagwiritsa ntchito. Chifukwa chake, simuyenera kuvutika ndi zovuta zoyipa za insulin.

Zolinga ndi njira zochizira matenda amtundu wa 2, omwe akufotokozedwa patsamba lino, ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi malingaliro onse. Komabe, njira zimathandizira, ndipo chithandizo chamankhwala chovomerezeka sichambiri, monga momwe mwawonera. Cholinga chenicheni komanso chokwaniritsidwa ndikusunga khola la shuga la 4.5-5,5 mmol / L, monga mwa anthu athanzi. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa kuti zimateteza ku zovuta za matenda a shuga m'm impso, kupenya kwam'maso, miyendo ndi ziwalo zina zamthupi.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani shuga yachiwiri imayikidwa insulini?

Koyamba, palibe chifukwa chobayira insulin mu mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga. Chifukwa mulingo wa timadzi timeneti m'magazi a odwala nthawi zambiri umakhala wabwinobwino, kapena ngakhale wokwera. Komabe, sikuti zonse ndizophweka. Chowonadi ndi chakuti odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, chitetezo cha mthupi chimagwira maselo a beta omwe amapanga insulin. Tsoka ilo, zotere zimachitika osati mu mtundu 1 wa shuga, komanso T2DM. Chifukwa cha iwo, gawo lalikulu la maselo a beta amatha kufa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 2 ndi kunenepa kwambiri, kudya mopanda thanzi, komanso kukhala phee. Anthu ambiri azaka zapakati komanso okalamba ndi onenepa kwambiri. Komabe si onse omwe amakhala ndi matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2. Ndi chiyani chimapangitsa kuti kunenepa kwambiri kusanduke shuga? Kuchokera ku kutengera kwa chibadwa mpaka kuukira kwa autoimmune. Nthawi zina kuukira kumeneku kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri kotero kuti jakisoni wa insulin yekha ndi amene angawalipire.

Ndi ziti zomwe zikuwonetsa shuga zomwe ndimayenera kusintha kuchokera pamapiritsi kupita ku insulin?

Minyewa ya glucose imayesedwanso patatha maola atatu itatha chakudya. Itha kukwezedwa pafupipafupi mukatha kadzutsa, nkhomaliro, kapena chakudya chamadzulo. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kubaya insulin mwachidule (yochepa kapena ya ultrashort) musanadye izi. Kapena mutha kuyesa kubayira insulini yowonjezera m'mawa, kuphatikiza pa jekeseni omwe mumatenga usiku.

Osagwirizana kuti mukhale ndi shuga 6.0-7.0 mmol / l, komanso, kwambiri! Chifukwa ndi zizindikirozi, matenda ashuga osachiritsika amakula, ngakhale pang'ono ndi pang'ono. Mothandizidwa ndi jakisoni, bweretsani zizindikiro zanu ku 3.9-5.5 mmol / L.

Woopsa milandu, sizingatheke popanda kupereka insulin yochepa musanadye, kuphatikiza jakisoni wa insulin yayitali usiku ndi m'mawa. Ngati metabolism yanu ya glucose ili ndi vuto lalikulu, gwiritsani ntchito mitundu iwiri ya insulini nthawi yomweyo, musakhale aulesi. Mutha kuyesa kuthamanga ndikulimbitsa masewera olimbitsa thupi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti athe kuchepetsa kwambiri insulin Mlingo, kapena kuletsa jakisoni. Werengani zambiri pansipa.

Kangati patsiku muyenera kubaya insulin?

Yankho la funsoli ndilofanana kwa wodwala aliyense. Anthu ambiri odwala matenda ashuga amafunika kubayira insulini usiku wonse kuti thupi lawo likhale lolimba. Komabe, ena safuna izi. Pa matenda akuluakulu a shuga, zingakhale zofunikira kupereka insulin yachangu musanadye. Nthawi zina, kapamba wopanda jakisoni amachita ntchito yabwino pakupaya chakudya.

Ndikofunikira kuyeza shuga wamagazi ndi glucometer osachepera 5 pa tsiku kwa sabata:

• m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu
• Maola awiri kapena atatu mutatha kadzutsa, nkhomaliro ndi chakudya chamadzulo,
• usiku asanagone.

Mutha kuonjezeranso muyeso musanadye.

Mwa kusonkhanitsa nkhaniyi, mumvetsetsa:

1. Mafuta angati omwe mumafunikira patsiku?
2. Nanga mlingo uyenera kukhala wotani.
3. Kodi mumafunikira mitundu iti ya insulin - yowonjezera, yofulumira, kapena yonse nthawi imodzi.

Kodi wodwala wodwala matenda a shuga a 2 angachiritsidwe ndi insulin komanso mapiritsi onse?

Izi nthawi zambiri ndizomwe muyenera kuchita. Kukonzekera komwe kumakhala, kumawonjezera chidwi cha thupi ku insulin, kuthandizira kuchepetsa milingo ndi kuchuluka kwa jakisoni. Kumbukirani kuti masewera olimbitsa thupi amachita bwino kangapo kuposa metformin. Ndipo chithandizo chachikulu chomwe chimapatsa shuga kagayidwe kachakudya ndichakudya chamoto chochepa. Popanda iyo, insulin ndi mapiritsi amagwira ntchito molakwika.

Kodi zakudya ziyenera kukhala chiani pambuyo poyambitsa matenda a shuga a 2 omwe ayambitsidwa ndi insulin?

Pambuyo pa matenda a 2 mtundu wa shuga ayamba kuthandizidwa ndi insulin, muyenera kupitiliza kutsatira. Iyi ndiye njira yokhayo yolamulirira matendawa. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe amalolera kudya amakakamizidwa kubayidwa jekeseni wamahomoni akuluakulu. Izi zimayambitsa kuphuka kwa shuga m'magazi ndipo ndimangokhala osasangalala. Mulingo wambiri, womwe umakhala pachiwopsezo cha hypoglycemia. Komanso, insulin imayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa kulemera kwa thupi, vasospasm, kusungunuka kwamadzi m'thupi. Zonsezi zimawonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Onani vidiyo yokhudza momwe mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya zimakhudzira shuga m'magazi.

Chepetsani zakudya zamagulu anu m'zakudya zanu kuti muchepetse Mlingo komanso kupewa mavuto omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa.

Werengani za zomwe zachitika ndi matenda ashuga:

Ndi zakudya ziti zomwe ndiyenera kudya nditayamba jakisoni wa matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri?

Werengani ndi kusiyiratu kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo. Idyani. Sizothandiza, komanso ndizokoma komanso zokhutiritsa. Yesani kusadya kwambiri. Komabe, palibe chifukwa chochepetsera kudya calorie ndikumva njala yosatha. Komanso, ndizovulaza.

Chithandizo cha boma chimati mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zosaloledwa zomwe zimadzaza ndi mafuta, ndikuwaphimba ndi jakisoni wa insulin yayikulu. Uku ndikulimbikitsa koyipa, palibe chifukwa chakutsatira. Chifukwa chakuti zakudya zotere zimayambitsa kudumpha m'magazi, kukula kwa zovuta komanso zovuta za matenda ashuga.

Ndikofunikira kuti 100% ikane kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoletsedwa, osapanga nawo tchuthi, kumapeto kwa sabata, maulendo apabizinesi, maulendo oti mukacheze. Kwa odwala matenda a shuga, zakudya zama cyclic otsika-carb, makamaka, zakudya za Ducan ndi Tim Ferris, sizoyenera.

Ngati mukufuna, mutha kuyesa kudya pang'onopang'ono kwa masiku atatu kapena kuposerapo. Komabe, izi sizofunikira. Matenda a shuga a Type 2 amatha kutha kuwongoleredwa ndipo shuga amatha kukhala osasunthika popanda nkhawa. Musanasala kudya, pezani njira yosinthira mlingo wa insulin mukasala kudya.

Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amakonda chidwi ndi zakudya za LCHF ketogenic. Kusintha pachakudyachi kumathandizira kuchepetsa Mlingo wa insulin, kapenanso kusiya jakisoni watsiku ndi tsiku. Onerani kanema watsatanetsatane wazakudya za ketogenic. Dziwani zabwino ndi zovuta zake. Mu kanemayo, Sergey Kushchenko akufotokozera momwe zakudyazi zimasiyanirana ndi zakudya zama carb ochepa malinga ndi njira ya Dr. Bernstein. Mvetsetsani momwe kuliri kotheka kuchepetsera thupi posintha zakudya zanu. Phunzirani zamomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zakudya zopangira keto popewa ndi kuchiza khansa.

Matenda a insulin ochuluka

Mankhwalawa ndi insulin, mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kuonekanso.

Ndi iyo, matendawa amatuluka kwambiri, wodwalayo akuchulukirachulukira mkodzo, wodwalayo akulemera, ali ndi vuto la ketoacidosis, amadumphira glycemia masana ndi magawo osiyanasiyana.

Njirayi imayendera limodzi ndikupanga mahomoni opikisana ndi mahomoni monga ACTH, STH, adrenaline, ndi corticosteroids. Amagubuduza ndi kupewa hypoglycemia, matendawa amatchedwa "Somoji syndrome." Nthawi zonse pamafunika chithandizo.

Pali otchedwa "Choyambirira cham'mawa" chomwe hyperglycemia imachitika kuyambira 5 mpaka 7 m'mawa. Ichi ndichifukwa cha zochita za mahomoni olimbana ndi mahomoni. Ndipo ndi matenda a Somoji, m'malo mwake, kuyambira 2 mpaka 4 m'mawa hypoglycemia imayamba - shuga ndi ochepera 4 mmol / l.

Thupi lotere limayesetsa kulipirira izi, koma limatha msanga. Kusintha koteroko sikukopa chidwi cha dokotala, matendawo atha kukulira, popeza mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi zimatha msanga.

Kutulutsa kusinthasintha mu insulin kungangowunikira mosamalitsa pazotsatira zonse zomwe dokotala anganene. Osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa popanda zizindikiro zapadera.

Zomwe sizowopsa: jakisoni wa insulin kapena mapiritsi?

Onse a insulin ndi mapiritsi sizivuta ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito mwanzeru, koma athandizire odwala matenda ashuga. Izi zothandizira odwala zimateteza odwala ku zovuta za kusokonezeka kwa glucose kagayidwe kachakudya ndi moyo wautali. Kuthandiza kwawo kumatsimikiziridwa ndikufufuza kwakukulu kwa asayansi, komanso machitidwe a tsiku ndi tsiku.

Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito insulin ndi mapiritsi kuyenera kukhala koyenera. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe amalimbikitsidwa kukhala ndi moyo wautali ayenera kumvetsetsa chithandizo chawo. Makamaka, phunzirani ndipo nthawi yomweyo musakane kuzitenga. Sinthani kumwa ma piritsi kukhala jakisoni wa insulin ngati muli ndi chisonyezo chilichonse.

Chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati wodwala matenda ashuga yemwe amakhala piritsi la insulin?

Mankhwalawa, omwe amawonjezera chidwi cha insulin, amachepetsa mlingo wofunikira. Pokhapokha mulingo wofunika wa insulini, jakisoni wokhazikika amayamba kuonda kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kutenga metformin kumakhala ndi phindu lalikulu.

Odwala a shuga a Type 2 omwe amathandizidwa ndi insulin nthawi zambiri amapanga nzeru kutenga metformin kuwonjezera jakisoni. Komabe, sizokayikitsa kuti mungazindikire kusintha kulikonse kuchokera piritsi limodzi loledzera. Mwachidziwitso, piritsi limodzi lokhala ndi metformin yomwe imatengedwa imatha kukulitsa chidwi cha insulin kwambiri mpaka zimachitika. Komabe, pochita izi ndizokayikitsa kwambiri.

Kodi ndingathe kulowetsa insulin ndi mapiritsi a Diabeteson MV, Maninil kapena Amaryl?

Diabeteson MV, Maninil ndi Amaril, komanso mitundu yawo yambiri - awa ndi mapiritsi owopsa. Amachepetsa shuga kwa magazi kwakanthawi. Komabe, mosiyana ndi jakisoni wa insulin, samachulukitsa moyo wa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, koma amatenga nthawi yochepa.

Odwala omwe akufuna kukhala ndi moyo wautali ayenera kukhala kutali ndi mankhwala omwe atchulidwa. Aerobatics ndikuwonetsetsa kuti adani anu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2 amamwa mapiritsi owopsa ndipo amatsatiranso zakudya zamagulu ochepa zopatsa mphamvu. Zolemba kuchokera m'magazini azachipatala zingathandize.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati mapiritsi kapena insulini sangakuthandizeni?

Mapiritsiwo amasiya kuthandiza pamene zikondazo zimatha kwathunthu mwa wodwala wokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2.Zikatero, matendawa amakhala m'magulu 1 a shuga. Kufunika koyamba kuti mupeze jakisoni wa insulini, mpaka khungu.

Insulin nthawi zonse imatsitsa shuga wamagazi, pokhapokha ngati iwonongeka. Tsoka ilo, ichi ndi mankhwala osalimba. Imatha kugwa kuchokera pakuchepa kochepa kwambiri kosungirako kutentha kupitirira malire ovomerezeka, onse mmwamba ndi pansi. Komanso, insulin m'mapanga kapena ma cartridge ena ndi owopsa pakuwongolera dzuwa.

M'mayiko a CIS, kuwonongeka kwa insulin kwakhala kowopsa. Sichimachitika mu malo ogulitsa mankhwala okha, komanso m'malo osungiramo zinthu zina, komanso munthawi ya mayendedwe ndi mayendedwe. Odwala ali ndi mwayi waukulu wogula kapena kuwononga insulin yomwe sikugwira ntchito mwaulere. Werengani nkhaniyo “ndi kuchita zomwe akunena.

Chifukwa chiyani shuga amakwera ngakhale atasinthira kuchoka ku mapiritsi kupita ku insulin?

Matenda a shuga mwina akupitilirabe. Kapena kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe amalandila sikokwanira. Kumbukirani kuti odwala onenepa kwambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 saganizira kwenikweni za insulin. Amafunikira kuchuluka kwaminyewa yayikuluyi kuti amve zenizeni jakisoni.

Chimachitika ndi chiani ngati mwasiya jakisoni?

Chifukwa chosowa insulini nthawi yayitali, glucose amatha kufika 14-30 mmol / L. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga otere amafuna chithandizo chamankhwala mwadzidzidzi ndipo nthawi zambiri amamwalira. Matenda obanika omwe amayamba chifukwa cha shuga wambiri mwa odwala matenda ashuga a 2 amatchedwa hyperglycemic coma. Ndipha. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika mwa anthu achikulire omwe samasamala polamulira matenda awo.

Kwa owerenga ambiri tsambali, kukomoka kwa hyperglycemic siowopsa. Vuto lawo limatha kukhala zovuta za matenda ashuga. Dziwani kuti amapanga shuga wa magazi aliwonse pamtunda wa 6.0 mmol / L. Izi zikufanana ndi hemoglobin wa glycated wa 5.8-6.0%. Inde, kukwera shuga, kumakhala zovuta zambiri. Koma ngakhale ndi zizindikiro za 6.0-7.0, njira zoyipa zikuchitika kale.

Mtundu wa 2 wa insulin: kuchokera pakukambirana ndi odwala

Nthawi zambiri amatsogolera kuimfa chifukwa cha kugunda kwamtima kapena kugunda kwam'mbuyo. Izi zoyambitsa imfa nthawi zambiri sizimagwirizana ndi matenda ashuga, kuti zisawononge kwambiri boma. Koma kwenikweni ndi olumikizidwa. Mwa anthu ena odwala matenda ashuga, mtima wamtima umakhala wolimba kwambiri kotero kuti kugunda kwamtima koyambirira kapena kugunda kwa thupi sikumachitika. Odwala awa ali ndi nthawi yokwanira kuti adziwe zovuta za impso, miyendo komanso mawonekedwe amaso.

Sindikhulupirira madokotala omwe amati shuga ya magazi 6.0-8.0 ndiyotetezeka. Inde, anthu athanzi amakhala ndi mfundo zamtunduwu pambuyo podya. Koma amakhala osaposa mphindi 15-20, ndipo osati maola angapo motsatizana.

Kodi wodwala matenda ashuga a mtundu wa 2 angagwiritse ntchito insulin kwakanthawi?

Odwala a Type 2 a shuga ayenera kuyamba kubayila insulin ngati kutsatira ndi kumwa mankhwalawa sikothandiza. Magazi a shuga omwe amakhala nawo ndi 3.9-5,5 mmol / L osachepera maola 24 patsiku. Muyenera kuyamba kupaka insulin ndi milingo yotsika, ndikuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono mpaka mulingo wa glucose muzisunga malire.

Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi kungathandize kusinthitsa jakisoni wa insulin. Kuthamanga, komanso kuphunzitsa masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kunyumba, kumathandiza kukwaniritsa cholinga ichi. Funsani kuti kuyendetsa qi ndi kotani. Tsoka ilo, si onse odwala matenda ashuga omwe amathandizira kulumpha kuchokera ku insulin. Zimatengera kuopsa kwa zovuta zanu za kagayidwe kachakudya.

Kodi ndingabwerere ku insulin kupita kumapiritsi? Kodi angachite bwanji?

Yesani kugwiritsa ntchito zolimbitsa thupi kuti muwonjezere chidwi chanu cha insulin. Mukachita bwino, ndiye kuti mahomoni anu omwe, kapamba amatulutsa, amakhala okwanira kuti shugayo ikhale yolimba monga momwe zimakhalira.Nthawi zambiri amatanthauza zisonyezo za 3.9-5.5 mmol / l maola 24 patsiku.

Mkulu shuga ayenera kukhala wabwinobwino:

• m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu
• usiku asanagone
• musanadye
• Patatha maola awiri itatha chakudya chilichonse.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuphatikiza maphunziro a Cardio ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kuthamangira ndibwino kuti kulimbikitse mtima. Ndiwofikirika kuposa kusambira, kuyendetsa njinga ndi kuyenda. Mutha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu kunyumba ndi kumalo akunja, popanda kupita ku masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ngati mukufuna kukoka chitsulo mu masewera olimbitsa thupi, mudzachita.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi sikuti kumangowonjezera chidwi cha thupi ku insulin, komanso kumabweretsa zabwino zina zambiri. Makamaka, imateteza ku zovuta zoyanjana ndi matenda ena okalamba.

Tiyerekeze kuti mukukwanitsa kuwonjezera thupi kuti mumve insulin. Zinatheka masiku wamba kupatula jakisoni. Komabe, simuyenera kutaya cholembera cha insulin, chiikeni pambali yakutali. Chifukwa zingakhale zofunikira kuyambiranso jakisoni kwakanthawi panthawi ya chimfine kapena matenda ena opatsirana.

Matenda amawonjezera kufunika kwa odwala matenda ashuga ndi 30-80%. Chifukwa kuyankha kwamphamvu kwa thupi kumachepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa mphamvu iyi. Ngakhale wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 sanachiritsidwe komanso kutupa sikunadutse, ndikofunikira kuti muteteze kapamba. Ngati ndi kotheka, thandizirani ndi insulin. Yang'anani ndi shuga lanu lamagazi. Dziwani ngati akufunika kuyambiranso jakisoni kwakanthawi. Mukanyalanyaza malangizowa, mutazizira pang'ono, njira ya matenda ashuga imatha kukulira m'moyo wanu wonse.

Kodi kusala kudya kungathandize kulumpha kuchokera ku jakisoni wa insulin?

Matenda a shuga a Type 2 amachitika chifukwa chakuti thupi lanu sililekerera zakudya zamafuta, makamaka oyengeretsa. Kuti muthane ndi matendawa, muyenera kukhazikitsa dongosolo lopewa kumwa kwambiri. Mukangochita izi, sipadzakhala chifukwa chanjala. - athanzi, koma amtima komanso chokoma. Tsambali pamalopo nthawi zonse likugogomezera kuti odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amatha kukhala ndi shuga wokhazikika pakokha popanda kufa ndi njala.

Odwala ena ndi aulesi kwambiri kuti aganize ndikumanga dongosolo, koma amafuna kukwaniritsa zotsatira zake mwachangu posala kudya. Pambuyo pothawa ndi njala, amakhalanso ndi chidwi chosagwirizana ndi chakudya chamavuto. Njira zosinthira komanso kusinthasintha kwa chakudya ndi njira yotsimikizika kwa odwala matenda ashuga kuti adzipereke okha kumanda. Muzovuta kwambiri, psychotherapy ingafunike kuti muchepetse kuzungulira koyipa.

Werengani ndi kuchita zomwe zalembedwamo. Sinthani ku chakudya chamafuta ochepa. Onjezani metformin, insulini ndi zochita zolimbitsa thupi kwa icho. Ulamuliro wanu watsopano ukakhazikika, mutha kuyesanso kusala kwina. Ngakhale izi sizofunikira kwenikweni. Ubwino wa kusala kudya ndiwokayikitsa. Mugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake zambiri kuti mum'patse chizolowezi. M'malo mwake, ndibwino kukhazikitsa chizolowezi chochita zolimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi.

Hypoglycemic chikomokere

Ngati Mlingo wa timadzi timene timawerengeredwa molakwika kwa wodwala matenda a shuga, matendawa amatha. Nthawi zambiri, amakula mwa anthu okalamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi shuga osakhalitsa.

Ndi kuchulukitsa pang'ono kwa mlingo wa Insulin, kuwonjezeka kwa kulemera kwa thupi, kusayenda bwino kwamthupi, komanso milandu ya ketoacidosis ndi acetonuria kumachitika pafupipafupi.

Asanayambe kupuma, wodwalayo amakhala ndi nkhawa. Amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mtima, kulumpha m'magazi, komanso kumva njala ikukulira. Nthawi zina wodwalayo amakhala wokwiya kwambiri, wosakwiya, wovuta, ndipo zochita zake nthawi zina zimawadetsa nkhawa komanso amawoneka kuti sangakwanitse.

Pambuyo pake, kupweteka kwa minofu kumayamba ndipo kukomoka kumachitika.

Pofuna kupewa izi, anthu omwe ali pafupi ndi wodwalayo ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti chomwe chimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale wolakwika sichinthu, koma kuchuluka kwa Insulin m'magazi. Izi zimalola kuti panthawi yake pachitike njira zothetsera mavuto a hypoglycemia: kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa glucose ndi glucometer, ndi chidziwitso chovuta, jekeseni 40% ya shuga m'mitsempha ndikuyitanira ambulansi.

Zotsatira pa Vision ndi Metabolism

Zotsatira zoyipa za maso ndizosowa, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatha mkati mwa sabata loyamba kuyambira pachiwonetsero cha insulin. Wodwala amatha kuchepa kwakanthawi kwakanthawi, popeza kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhudzanso tugoror (kuthamanga kwamkati) kwamisempha.

Magalasi, pamene shuga m'magazi amatuluka, amakhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, ndipo izi zimakhudzana ndi kukonzanso (kutulutsa kounikira kwa kuwala). Maso amafunika nthawi kuti asinthe masinthidwe a metabolism motsogozedwa ndi insulin.

Visual acuity, monga lamulo, amabwerera kwathunthu pamlingo wapitawu mkati mwa masiku 7-10 kuyambira poyambira chithandizo. Munthawi imeneyi, kuyankha kwa thupi ku insulin kumakhala kwachilengedwe (zachilengedwe) ndipo zizindikiro zonse zosasangalatsa kuchokera kumaso zimachoka. Kutsogolera gawo la kusintha, ndikofunikira kuteteza gawo la masomphenya kuti lisachulukane. Kuti tichite izi, ndikofunikira kupatula kuwerenga kwa nthawi yayitali, kugwira ntchito ndi kompyuta ndikuwonera TV. Ngati wodwala ali ndi matenda a maso osachiritsika (mwachitsanzo, kusawona pang'ono), ndiye kuti kumayambiriro kwa mankhwala a insulin ayenera kugwiritsira ntchito magalasi osagwirizana ndi magalasi, ngakhale atakhala kuti amawakonda kuvala nthawi zonse.

Popeza insulin imathandizira njira ya metabolic, nthawi zina kumayambiriro kwa chithandizo wodwala amatha kudwala kwambiri. Chifukwa chosungidwa madzi, munthu amatha kupeza makilogalamu atatu pa sabata. Kulemera mopitirira muyeso kuyenera kupita pafupifupi masiku 10 mpaka 14 kuyambira chiyambi cha mankhwala. Ngati kutupako sikupita ndipo kumapitirira kwa nthawi yayitali, wodwalayo amafunika kupita kwa dokotala ndikuwonetsanso matenda ena.

Kukonzekera kwamasiku ano kwa insulin komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito biotechnology ndi njira zopangira ma genetic ndizapamwamba kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri sizimayambitsa mavuto. Koma ngakhale izi zili choncho, mapuloteni amalowabe mu mankhwalawa, ndipo mwa chikhalidwe chawo amatha kukhala antijeni. Ma ma antigen ndi zinthu zomwe sizachilendo kwa thupi, ndipo kulowa mkati mwake, zimatha kuyambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, ziwonetsero kwa insulin zimapezeka mu 5-30% ya odwala. Palinso kulolerana kwamtundu wina ndi mankhwalawo, chifukwa mankhwalawo silingakhale oyenera kwa odwala osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi chiwonetsero chimodzi cha matenda ashuga.

Kuopsa kwa chifuwa kumawonjezeka ngati wodwala ali ndi vuto la angiopathy, neuropathy ndi zovuta zina zamatendawa

Allergies amathanso kukhala wamba komanso wamba. Nthawi zambiri, ndimayankho am'deralo omwe amadzionetsa ngati kutupa, kufiyira, kutupa komanso kutupa malo a jakisoni. Nthawi zina kupendekera kwapang'onopang'ono kwamtundu wa urticaria ndi kuyabwa kumatha kulowa limodzi ndi izi.

Mitundu yoyipa kwambiri ya chifuwa chachikulu ndi Quincke's edema ndi anaphylactic. Mwamwayi, ndizosowa kwambiri, koma muyenera kudziwa zamatenda awa, chifukwa amafunika chisamaliro chodzidzimutsa.

Ngati zimachitika kuti insulin ituluke m'dera lomwe lili pafupi ndi jakisoniyo, ndiye kuti pali zotupa wamba, zotupa zimafalikira thupi lonse. Kutupa kwambiri, kupuma movutikira, kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa mtima ndi kupanikizika kwamphamvu nthawi zambiri kumawonjezeredwa kwa iyo.

Momwe mungathandizire? Ndikofunika kuyimitsa makonzedwe a insulini, kuyimbira ambulansi ndikumasula wodwala ku zovala zolimba kuti pasapunthwe chilichonse. Odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kupatsa mtendere ndi mwayi wokhala ndi mpweya wabwino. Woyendetsa ambulansi akaimbira foni brigade, atha kufunsa momwe angathandizire mogwirizana ndi zomwe zakhala kuti zisavulaze wodwalayo.

Kodi mungachepetse chiopsezo cha mavuto?

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyenera ndikutsatira malingaliro a dokotala, mutha kuchepetsa kwambiri zovuta za insulin. Asanayambitse mahomoni, nthawi zonse muyenera kuyang'anira maonekedwe a yankho (ngati wodwalayo amachisonkhanitsa kapena chamadzimadzi). Ndi nyansi, kusinthasintha kwa mawonekedwe ndikuwoneka ngati matope, mahomoni sangabayidwe.

Kuti mudziteteze ku zovuta za insulin, ndikofunika kutsatira malangizo awa:

• Osasunthira pawokha mtundu watsopano wa insulini (ngakhale mtundu wina uli ndi chinthu chomwecho ndi mulingo womwewo),
• Sinthani mlingo wa mankhwalawo musanayambe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi,
• mukamagwiritsa ntchito zolembera za insulin, muziyang'anira nthawi zonse zaumoyo wawo ndi mashelufu,
• osayimitsa mankhwala a insulin, kuyesa kusintha m'malo mwake ndi wowerengeka azitsamba, homeopathy, etc.,
• kutsatira zakudya ndi kutsatira malamulo a moyo wathanzi.

Mankhwala apamwamba amakono a anthu odwala matenda ashuga amatha kuchepetsa mavuto obwera chifukwa cha thupi. Koma, mwatsoka, palibe amene amatetezedwa pamavuto. Nthawi zina zimatha kuchitika ngakhale patapita nthawi yayitali pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwewo. Kuti mudziteteze ku zotsatira zoyipa zaumoyo, ngati pali zokayikitsa zilizonse zomwe zikuwoneka, simuyenera kuchedwa kupita kwa dokotala. Wopezeka endocrinologist angakuthandizeni kusankha mankhwalawa, ngati kuli kotheka, sinthani mlingo wake ndikupereka malingaliro ake kuti apatsidwenso matenda.

Lantus ndi imodzi mwazithunzi zopanda pake za insulin ya munthu. Kupezeka m'malo mwa amino acid katsitsumzukwa ndi glycine pa 21 malo A ndi unyolo ndikuwonjezera awiri arginine amino acid mu B unyolo ku terminal amino acid. Mankhwalawa amapangidwa ndi kampani yayikulu yopanga mankhwala ku France - Sanofi-Aventis. Popita maphunziro ambiri, zidatsimikiziridwa kuti insulin Lantus sikuti imangochepetsa chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia poyerekeza ndi mankhwala a NPH, komanso imathandizira kagayidwe kazachilengedwe. Pansipa pali malangizo achidule ogwiritsa ntchito ndi kuwunika kwa odwala matenda ashuga.

Chithandizo cha Lantus ndi insulin glargine. Amapezeka ndi majini obwezeretsanso pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa k-12 wa bakiteriya Escherichia coli. M'malo osaloŵerera, samasungunuka pang'ono, mu acid acid sing'anga imasungunuka ndikupanga microprecipitate, yomwe imatulutsa insulini pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa cha izi, Lantus ali ndi mbiri yosavuta kuchitira mpaka maola 24.

Kupanga kwakukulu pa pharmacological:

• Ochepa adsorption ndi mbiri yopanda kanthu mkati maola 24.
• Kuponderezedwa kwa proteinolysis ndi lipolysis mu adipocytes.
• Gawo lolimbikira limamangirira ma insulin receptors maulendo 5-8 mwamphamvu.
• Kukuwongolera kagayidwe kachakudya kagayidwe kachakudya, kuletsa shuga kupangika kwa chiwindi.

Mu 1 ml Lantus Solostar muli:

• 3.6378 mg wa insulin glargine (malinga ndi 100 IU ya insulin ya anthu),
• 85% glycerol
• madzi a jakisoni
• hydrochloric wozama acid,
• m-cresol ndi sodium hydroxide.

Kuchita ndi mankhwala ena

Pali mankhwala omwe amakhudza kagayidwe kazakudya, pomwe akuwonjezera kapena kuchepetsa kufunika kwa insulin.

Chepetsa shuga: pakamwa antidiabetesic othandizira, sulfonamides, ACE zoletsa, salicylates, angioprotectors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, antiarrhythmic dysopyramides, narcotic analgesics.

Onjezani shuga: mahomoni a chithokomiro, diuretics, sympathomimetics, kulera kwapakamwa, zotumphukira za phenothiazine, proteinase inhibitors.

Zinthu zina zimakhala ndi mphamvu ya hypoglycemic komanso hyperglycemic. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• beta blockers ndi mchere wa lithiamu,
• mowa
• clonidine (antihypertensive mankhwala).

Contraindication

1. Ndi zoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito mwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la insulin glargine kapena othandizira.
2. Hypoglycemia.
3. Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga ketoacidosis.
4. Ana osakwana zaka 2.

Zotheka zimachitika kawirikawiri, malangizo akuti mwina atha:

• lipoatrophy kapena lipohypertrophy,
• matupi awo sagwirizana (edema ya Quincke, mantha onse, bronchospasm),
• kupweteka kwa minyewa ndi kuchedwa mu thupi la ayodini,
• dysgeusia ndi kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe.

Kusintha kupita ku Lantus kuchokera ku insulin ina

Ngati munthu wodwala matenda ashuga agwiritsa ntchito ma insulin apakatikati, ndiye kuti musinthana ndi Lantus, muyezo ndi mtundu wa mankhwalawo umasinthidwa. Kusintha kwa insulin kuyenera kuchitika kokha kuchipatala.

Ku Russia, onse odwala matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin adasamutsidwa kuchoka ku Lantus kupita ku Tujeo. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, mankhwalawa ali ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha kukhala ndi hypoglycemia, koma machitidwe ambiri anthu amadandaula kuti atasinthira ku Tujeo shuga wawo adalumphira kwambiri, motero amakakamizidwa kugula okha Lantus Solostar insulin.

Levemir ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri, koma ali ndi chinthu china chogwira ntchito, ngakhale nthawi yayitali ndi maola 24.

Aylar sanakumane ndi insulin, malangizo akuti uyu ndi Lantus yemweyo, koma wopanga ndi wotsika mtengo.

Insulin Lantus pa nthawi yapakati

Maphunziro a zachipatala a Lantus omwe ali ndi amayi apakati sanachitike. Malinga ndi zomwe sizinalembedwera, mankhwalawa samakhudza kwambiri mayendedwe a mwana komanso iyemwini.

Kuyesa kunachitika pa nyama, pomwepo zimatsimikiziridwa kuti insulin glargine ilibe vuto la kubereka.

Lantus Solostar woyembekezera atha kutumikiridwa pokhapokha insulin NPH isagwire ntchito. Amayi amtsogolo akuyenera kuwunika shuga wawo, chifukwa mu trimester yoyamba, kufunika kwa insulin kumatha kuchepa, komanso mu trimester yachiwiri ndi yachitatu.

Osawopa kuyamwitsa mwana; malangizo ake alibe zomwe Lantus imatha kudutsa mkaka wa m'mawere.

Momwe mungasungire

Alumali moyo wa Lantus ndi zaka 3. Muyenera kusungira m'malo amdima otetezedwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa pa kutentha kwa madigiri 2 mpaka 8. Nthawi zambiri malo abwino kwambiri ndi firiji. Poterepa, onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana kutentha, chifukwa kuzizira kwa insulin Lantus koletsedwa!

Kuyambira koyamba kugwiritsa ntchito, mankhwalawa amatha kusungidwa kwa mwezi umodzi m'malo opanda pake kutentha osaposa 25 digiri (osati mufiriji). Osagwiritsa ntchito insulin yomwe yatha.

Bongo

Kuchulukitsa kwakukulu kwa mlingo wa insulini kungapangitse kukula kwa hypoglycemic syndrome, chifukwa insulin yowonjezera imamanga shuga onse omwe amapezeka, motero, kuperewera kwakukulu kwa chinthuchi kumawonedwa. Zina za matendawa ndi monga:

• chikumbumtima
• nseru
• ana opukusidwa
• kusanza
• zopanda pake
• kukomoka
• kuwonongeka kosakwanira
• mutu
• kutuluka thukuta kwambiri
• kuchuluka kwamkwiyo.

Zotsatira zoyipa:

Ndi subcutaneous makonzedwe a insulini, lipodystrophy (kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa minofu ya adipose mu minofu yaying'ono) imatha kupezeka pamalo a jekeseni.

Kukonzekera kwamakono kwambiri kwa insulin komwe kumayambitsa zovuta zomwe sizigwirizana, komabe, milandu yotereyi siyiperekedwe. Kukula kwa matenda oopsa sayanjana pafupipafupi kumafuna kufooketsa (kuletsa kapena kuletsa zimagwirira) mankhwala ndi mankhwala.

Zopangidwa ndi katundu:

1 ml ya yankho kapena kuyimitsidwa kuli ndi 40 PISCES.

Syringe insulin imapezeka m'mbale zamagalasi losindikizidwa ndi zoletsa za mphira ndi aluminium yopuma.

Insulin ndi mankhwala othandizira kuchepetsa shuga, imatha kuyendetsa kagayidwe kazinthu, imapangitsanso kuchuluka kwa glucose pogwiritsa ntchito minofu ndikulimbikitsa kutembenuka kwake kukhala glycogen, komanso imathandizira kulowa kwa glucose m'maselo a minyewa.

Kuphatikiza pa zotsatira za hypoglycemic (kutsitsa shuga), insulin imakhala ndi zotsatirapo zingapo: imachulukitsa masitolo a minofu ya glycogen, imalimbikitsa kaphatikizidwe ka peptide, imachepetsa kumwa kwa mapuloteni, ndi zina zambiri.

Kuwonetsedwa kwa insulin kumayendetsedwa ndi kukondoweza kapena kuletsa (kuponderezana) kwa michere ina, glycogen synthetase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, hexokinase imakhudzidwa, lipase ikuyambitsa mafuta acids a minofu ya adipose, lipoprotein lipase, kuchepetsa magazi kutsika pakudya chamafuta ambiri.

Monga lamulo, mu millilita imodzi ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kuyimitsidwa kumakhala ndi 40 IU yogwira ntchito.

Mu kapangidwe mankhwala antidiabetes ikhoza kuphatikizapo insulini yotengedwa kuchokera kapamba nyama (nkhumba kapena ng'ombe), insulin yaumunthu kapena chinthu chachilengedwe chopangidwa ndi mainjinier.

Kapangidwe kazinthu zothandizira ndizosiyanasiyana pa mankhwala aliwonse.

Kutulutsa Fomu

Lantus - njira yowonekera yothandizira jakisoni wa sc, imapezeka mu:

• makatoni a dongosolo la OptiKlik (5pcs pa paketi iliyonse),
• Syringe zolembera Lantus Solostar,
• Syringe cholembera ya OptiSet mu phukusi limodzi 5 ma PC. (magawo 2),
• Mbale 10 ml (magawo 1000 mu vala imodzi).

Zizindikiro zogwiritsidwa ntchito

1. Akuluakulu ndi ana ochokera zaka 2 zokhala ndi matenda amtundu wa 1.
2. Type 2 shuga mellitus (pankhani ya kulephera kwa mapiritsi).

Mukunenepa kwambiri, kuphatikiza mankhwalawa ndikothandiza - Lantus Solostar ndi Metformin.

Kuchita ndi mankhwala ena

Pali mankhwala omwe amakhudza kagayidwe kazakudya, pomwe akuwonjezera kapena kuchepetsa kufunika kwa insulin.

Chepetsa shuga: pakamwa antidiabetesic othandizira, sulfonamides, ACE zoletsa, salicylates, angioprotectors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, antiarrhythmic dysopyramides, narcotic analgesics.

Onjezani shuga: mahomoni a chithokomiro, diuretics, sympathomimetics, kulera kwapakamwa, zotumphukira za phenothiazine, proteinase inhibitors.

Zinthu zina zimakhala ndi mphamvu ya hypoglycemic komanso hyperglycemic. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• beta blockers ndi mchere wa lithiamu,
• mowa
• clonidine (antihypertensive mankhwala).

Contraindication

1. Ndi zoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito mwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la insulin glargine kapena othandizira.
2. Hypoglycemia.
3. Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga ketoacidosis.
4. Ana osakwana zaka 2.

Zotheka zimachitika kawirikawiri, malangizo akuti mwina atha:

• lipoatrophy kapena lipohypertrophy,
• matupi awo sagwirizana (edema ya Quincke, mantha onse, bronchospasm),
• kupweteka kwa minyewa ndi kuchedwa mu thupi la ayodini,
• dysgeusia ndi kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe.

Kusintha kupita ku Lantus kuchokera ku insulin ina

Ngati munthu wodwala matenda ashuga agwiritsa ntchito ma insulin apakatikati, ndiye kuti musinthana ndi Lantus, muyezo ndi mtundu wa mankhwalawo umasinthidwa. Kusintha kwa insulin kuyenera kuchitika kokha kuchipatala.

Ku Russia, onse odwala matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin adasamutsidwa kuchoka ku Lantus kupita ku Tujeo. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, mankhwalawa ali ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha kukhala ndi hypoglycemia, koma machitidwe ambiri anthu amadandaula kuti atasinthira ku Tujeo shuga wawo adalumphira kwambiri, motero amakakamizidwa kugula okha Lantus Solostar insulin.

Levemir ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri, koma ali ndi chinthu china chogwira ntchito, ngakhale nthawi yayitali ndi maola 24.

Aylar sanakumane ndi insulin, malangizo akuti uyu ndi Lantus yemweyo, koma wopanga ndi wotsika mtengo.

Insulin Lantus pa nthawi yapakati

Maphunziro a zachipatala a Lantus omwe ali ndi amayi apakati sanachitike. Malinga ndi zomwe sizinalembedwera, mankhwalawa samakhudza kwambiri mayendedwe a mwana komanso iyemwini.

Kuyesa kunachitika pa nyama, pomwepo zimatsimikiziridwa kuti insulin glargine ilibe vuto la kubereka.

Lantus Solostar woyembekezera atha kutumikiridwa pokhapokha insulin NPH isagwire ntchito. Amayi amtsogolo akuyenera kuwunika shuga wawo, chifukwa mu trimester yoyamba, kufunika kwa insulin kumatha kuchepa, komanso mu trimester yachiwiri ndi yachitatu.

Osawopa kuyamwitsa mwana; malangizo ake alibe zomwe Lantus imatha kudutsa mkaka wa m'mawere.

Momwe mungasungire

Alumali moyo wa Lantus ndi zaka 3. Muyenera kusungira m'malo amdima otetezedwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa pa kutentha kwa madigiri 2 mpaka 8. Nthawi zambiri malo abwino kwambiri ndi firiji. Poterepa, onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana kutentha, chifukwa kuzizira kwa insulin Lantus koletsedwa!

Kuyambira koyamba kugwiritsa ntchito, mankhwalawa amatha kusungidwa kwa mwezi umodzi m'malo opanda pake kutentha osaposa 25 digiri (osati mufiriji). Osagwiritsa ntchito insulin yomwe yatha.

Komwe mugule, mtengo

Lantus Solostar amalembedwa mwaulere ndi mankhwala ndi endocrinologist. Komanso zimachitika kuti wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kugula yekha mankhwala ku pharmacy. Mtengo wamba wa insulin ndi ma ruble 3300. Ku Ukraine, Lantus angagulidwe 1200 UAH.

Zokhudza mankhwala:

Insulin ndi mankhwala othandizira kuchepetsa shuga, imatha kuyendetsa kagayidwe kazinthu, imapangitsanso kuchuluka kwa glucose pogwiritsa ntchito minofu ndikulimbikitsa kutembenuka kwake kukhala glycogen, komanso imathandizira kulowa kwa glucose m'maselo a minyewa.

Zowonetsa ndi Mlingo:

Chizindikiro chachikulu chogwiritsa ntchito insulin ndi mtundu I shuga mellitus (wodwala insulin), koma m'malo ena umalembedwanso mtundu II wa matenda a shuga (osagwirizana ndi insulin).

Bongo

Kuchulukitsa kwakukulu kwa mlingo wa insulini kungapangitse kukula kwa hypoglycemic syndrome, chifukwa insulin yowonjezera imamanga shuga onse omwe amapezeka, motero, kuperewera kwakukulu kwa chinthuchi kumawonedwa. Zina za matendawa ndi monga:

• chikumbumtima
• nseru
• ana opukusidwa
• kusanza
• zopanda pake
• kukomoka
• kuwonongeka kosakwanira
• mutu
• kutuluka thukuta kwambiri
• kuchuluka kwamkwiyo.

Zotsatira zoyipa:

Ndi subcutaneous makonzedwe a insulini, lipodystrophy (kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa minofu ya adipose mu minofu yaying'ono) imatha kupezeka pamalo a jekeseni.

Kukonzekera kwamakono kwambiri kwa insulin komwe kumayambitsa zovuta zomwe sizigwirizana, komabe, milandu yotereyi siyiperekedwe. Kukula kwa matenda oopsa sayanjana pafupipafupi kumafuna kufooketsa (kuletsa kapena kuletsa zimagwirira) mankhwala ndi mankhwala.

Zoyipa:

Zotsatira zakugwiritsira ntchito insulin ndi matenda omwe amapezeka ndi hypoglycemia, hepatitis yacute, cirrhosis, hemolytic jaundice (chikasu cha pakhungu ndi zotupa za m'maso zimayambitsa kupindika kwa maselo ofiira am'magazi), kapamba (kutupa kwa impso), nephritis (kutupa kwa impso) matenda a impso ogwirizana ndi kuphwanya mapuloteni / amyloid metabolism, urolithiasis, m'mimba ndi zilonda zam'mimba, zotupa za mtima (mtima kulephera chifukwa chakomoka mtima matenda a mavavu ake).

Kusamala kwakukulu kumafunikira pochiza odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, okhala ndi vuto la kuperewera kwa m'mimba (cholakwika pakati pa zosowa za mtima ndi mpweya ndi kubereka kwake) komanso kufalikira kwa magazi m'thupi. Kusamala ndikofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito insulin kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a chithokomiro, matenda a Addison (vuto losakwanira la adrenal), komanso kulephera kwa aimpso. Mankhwala a insulin oyembekezera amayenera kuyang'aniridwa bwino. Pa trimester yoyamba ya kubereka, kufunika kwa insulin nthawi zambiri kumacheperachepera ndikuwonjezeka mu trimesters yachiwiri ndi yachitatu.

Mogwirizana ndi mankhwala ena ndi mowa:

Alfa-adrenergic blockers ndi beta-adrenostimulants, ma tetracyclines, salicylates amawonjezera kubisala kwa endo native (excretion ya thupi lopangidwa) insulin.Thiazide diupetics (diuretics), beta-blockers, mowa ungayambitse hypoglycemia.

Zopangidwa ndi katundu:

1 ml ya yankho kapena kuyimitsidwa kuli ndi 40 PISCES.

Syringe insulin imapezeka m'mbale zamagalasi losindikizidwa ndi zoletsa za mphira ndi aluminium yopuma.

Insulin ndi mankhwala othandizira kuchepetsa shuga, imatha kuyendetsa kagayidwe kazinthu, imapangitsanso kuchuluka kwa glucose pogwiritsa ntchito minofu ndikulimbikitsa kutembenuka kwake kukhala glycogen, komanso imathandizira kulowa kwa glucose m'maselo a minyewa.

Kuphatikiza pa zotsatira za hypoglycemic (kutsitsa shuga), insulin imakhala ndi zotsatirapo zingapo: imachulukitsa masitolo a minofu ya glycogen, imalimbikitsa kaphatikizidwe ka peptide, imachepetsa kumwa kwa mapuloteni, ndi zina zambiri.

Kuwonetsedwa kwa insulin kumayendetsedwa ndi kukondoweza kapena kuletsa (kuponderezana) kwa michere ina, glycogen synthetase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, hexokinase imakhudzidwa, lipase ikuyambitsa mafuta acids a minofu ya adipose, lipoprotein lipase, kuchepetsa magazi kutsika pakudya chamafuta ambiri.

Monga lamulo, mu millilita imodzi ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kuyimitsidwa kumakhala ndi 40 IU yogwira ntchito.

Mu kapangidwe mankhwala antidiabetes ikhoza kuphatikizapo insulini yotengedwa kuchokera kapamba nyama (nkhumba kapena ng'ombe), insulin yaumunthu kapena chinthu chachilengedwe chopangidwa ndi mainjinier.

Kapangidwe kazinthu zothandizira ndizosiyanasiyana pa mankhwala aliwonse.

Kutulutsa Fomu

Kukonzekera kwa insulini kumapezeka mu njira yothetsera mavutowa komanso momwe mungayimitsidwe mu mbale ndi machitidwe apadera a cartridge (makatiriji, makatiriji ndi makina opangidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi cholembera).

Yankho la jakisoni limapangidwa m'mabotolo osalala a galasi wokhala ndi 5 ndi 10 ml, ndikuchita, monga lamulo, kuchokera ku 20 mpaka 100 PIERES mu 1 ml ya yankho.

Zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pachipatala ndi madzi osungunuka, oyera a hygroscopic, omwe ali ndi sulufule ya 3.1%.

Solutions imawoneka ngati madzi oyera, opanda khungu kapena pang'ono pang'ono achikasu ndi acidity (pH) kuyambira 2.0 mpaka 3.5). Kuti akonze yankho lake, makristali ufa amapukutidwa m'madzi a jakisoni (Aqua pro injionibus), wopangidwa ndi hydrochloric acid (Acidum hydrochloricum) ndi kuwonjezera kwa glycerin (Glycerinum) ndi 0.25-0.3% yankho (Phenolum) kapena tricresol (Tricresolum) kuti atetezedwe.

Maimidwe oimitsidwa amasulidwe amaperekedwa ku malo ogulitsa mankhwala osakwanira 5 ndi 10 ml. Bokosi lirilonse limasindikizidwa ndi chosungira ndi mphira ndi chitsulo cha aluminium.

Mbiri yakuwongolera kwakuthupi hypoglycemia yodziwika ndi mankhwala a magawo awiri a Novomix, komwe kuyimitsidwa magawo awiri, komwe kumakhala 30% kopitilira muyeso wa insulin ndi 70% ya protamine-crystallized insulin.

Mpaka pano, asayansi akwanitsa kuthetsa vuto la kapangidwe ka insulin kudzera m'mimba (popeza chinthucho ndi mapuloteni, imatha kuwonongedwa mothandizidwa ndi michere ya m'mimba) ndikupanganso yothandiza kwa odwala matenda ashuga mapiritsi.

Zotsatira za pharmacological

Kukonzekera kwa insulin kuli m'gulu la mankhwala omwe amakhudzachimbudzi ndi njira ya kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi.

Insulin yofunikira chakudya kagayidwe kazinthu mthupi, zakunja ndi zachindunji antipyretic.

Ntchito zazikulu za insulin:

• Malangizo a kagayidwe kazakudya,
• kukondoweza kwa minofu yomwe imatenga shuga ndi njira zake zosinthira kukhala glycogen,
• kuthandizira kulowa kwa glucose m'maselo a minofu,
• masitolo ogulitsa minofu,
• kukondoweza,
• kutsitsa kwa mapuloteni,
• kukondoweza kwa glucosyl kuhamitsa, polyenzyme zovuta za pyruvate dehydrogenase, hexokinase,
• lipase zoletsaamene zochita zake zimayambitsa kuyambitsa mafuta acids of adipose minofu,
• lipoprotein lipase zoletsa, yomwe imachepetsa "kusefukira" mukatha kudya zakudya zamafuta kwambiri.

Insulin imakhudza chakudya kagayidwe kachakudya. Izi ndichifukwa choti chinthucho chimalimbikitsa zoyendera. shuga kudzera ma cell membraneimawonjezera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake ndi minofu, komanso imathandizira glycogen biotransformation mu chiwindi.

Chifukwa glycogenolysis zoletsa (njira yomwe glycogen amaphulika mpaka glucose) ndi gluconeogenesis (maphunziro shuga kuchokera kumagulu osapatsa mafutakuchokera ma amino acid, mafuta acids etc.) insulin imachepetsa kupanga glucose wamkati.

Zotsatira za chinthu pa lipid kagayidwe kuwonetsedwa kupondaponda lipolysis (kusokonekera kwamafuta). Zotsatira zake, ndalama zimachepetsedwa mafuta acids aulere mu kayendedwe ka magazi ake.

Insulin imalepheretsa mapangidwe matupi a acetone (ketone) m'thupi, limadzutsa mafuta acid synthesis ndi maphunziro pambuyo pake esters. Amatenganso nawo gawo mapuloteni: imawonjezera zoyendera ma amino acid kudutsa cell nembanembakumapangitsa peptide kaphatikizidweamachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito minofu mapuloteniImachepetsa kusintha amino acid kuti oxocarboxylic acid.

Pharmacodynamics ndi pharmacokinetics

Mphamvu yamachitidwe a insulin imalumikizidwa ndi mphamvu yake yolumikizana ndi cholandilira china, chomwe chimapangidwira plasma cell membrane, ndi mawonekedwe insulin receptor zovuta.

Molumikizana ndi insulin receptor imalowa mu khungu, momwe imakhudzira njira phosphination ya ma protein a ma cell, pakadali pano, palibe deta yolondola pazomwe zimachitika mu cell.

Insulin imagwira pafupifupi ziwalo zonse ndi thupi lathu, pomwe zolinga zake zimakhala chiwindi, minofu ndi adipose minofu.

Momwe mayamwidwe a insulini azidzakwanira komanso momwe magwiridwe ake amagwiritsidwira ntchito amadalira jakisoniyo (ndendende, pamlingo wakuthiridwa kwa magazi kupita ku mafuta osakanikira pamalo opangira jekeseni), mlingo womwe umaperekedwa (zoposa 12-16 UNITS yankho sayenera kuperekedwa m'malo amodzi) kuyimitsidwa), kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthu pakukonzekera, monga insulini, kuchuluka kwa magazi am'deralo, ntchito ya minofu pamalo a jekeseni.

Zochitika za mankhwalawa zimatha kusinthasintha kwakukulu mwa anthu osiyanasiyana ndi munthu yemweyo.

Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa ngati Ma anabolic (zochizira kuwonda) kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi komanso kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la zoperewera.

Chida ichi chitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothana ndi "polarizing" pachimake koronare kusowa (chikhalidwe choyambitsidwa ndi kupindika kwapakati).

Zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi insulin

Malinga ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito, insulin imaloledwa kutumizidwa pansi pa khungu, minofu kapena mtsempha. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti kukonzekera kwamitseko kumatha kukhala mankhwala osakhalitsa pokhapokha ngati wodwala akuwonetsa dziko labwino kapena adagwera.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mtsempha wa mankhwala omwe amapezeka mwa kuyimitsidwa kumatsutsana. Pamaso jakisoni, mankhwalawa amayenera kutentha. Izi ndichifukwa choti insulin yozizira imamwidwa pang'onopang'ono.

Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito syringe ya pulasitiki jakisoni (osati galasi). Cholinga cha izi ndikuti mu galasi syringe yomwe imatchedwa "yakufa" imakhala yayikulupo kuposa ma syringes apulasitiki. Izi zimachepetsa kulondola kwa muyezo wa mankhwalawo ndipo zimapangitsa kuti insulin iwonongeke.

Chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndi zolembera za insulin zomwe zimakhala ndi makatiriji apadera odzazidwa ndi yankho lomayikiramo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga njira zoyambira, zazifupi komanso zosakanikirana (zophatikizidwa). Mukamagwiritsa ntchito makina otere, musanapereke mankhwala, sikofunikira kulemba kapena kusakaniza nthawi iliyonse.

Singano zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano ma syringe ndi syringe zolembera za insulin ndizochepa thupi komanso zazifupi kotero kuti zimayambitsa kupweteka pang'ono panthawi ya jakisoni. Makulidwe a singano nthawi zambiri amachokera ku 0,3 mpaka 0,4 mm, kutalika sikokwanira 12 mm (nthawi zambiri kuyambira 8 mpaka 12 mm).

Koti kubaya mankhwala?

Funso "Kodi amawabayira insulini kuti?"

Kuyamwa mwachangu kwambirikuthamanga kwa magazi anati pambuyo subcutaneous jekeseni khomo lam'mimba lakunja, pang'onopang'ono zinthu zimalowa magazi kuyambira phewa ndi ntchafu yakunja, kuyamwa kocheperako kumawonedwa pambuyo pakupereka mankhwala mu mafuta osunthika pansi pa scapula kapena pabowo.

Chifukwa chake, muzochitika zamankhwala, jekeseni wa subcutaneous ndiye njira yoyenera yoperekera chithandizo.

Poona kuti mankhwalawo amamwetsedwa m'magazi mosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi, madotolo amalimbikitsa kubaya mankhwala osakhalitsa (kuyang'ana ngati yankho lomveka) pamimba, popewa navel, komanso mankhwala osakhalitsa (chigawo chodetsa nkhawa) m'deralo. m'chiuno kapena matako.

Lamulo lina lofunika ndilakuti madera omwe amayendetsedwa ndi mankhwala amasinthidwa, kutsatira ndondomeko yokhazikika malinga ndi nthawi ya tsiku (mwachitsanzo, m'mawa njira yochepa yokhomayo imalowetsedwa m'mimba, masana kulowa m'dera la ntchafu, ndi madzulo pansi pa khungu la matako.

Izi ndichifukwa choti kumasamba osiyanasiyana, kuwerengera kwa mankhwalawa kwa kuchuluka kwa XE kudzakhala kosiyana (monga nthawi zosiyana za tsiku).

Subcutaneous insulin jakisoni algorithm

Malamulo akuluakulu operekera insulin: musanapange jakisoni, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kuti mankhwalawo ndi othandiza, mtundu wake, nthawi yake komanso kuchuluka kwake, kusamba m'manja ndikuwonetsetsa kuti malo a jakisoni ndi oyera.

Njira yothandizira kuperekera insulin ndi iyi:

• Asanayambe makonzedwe, mankhwalawa amawonjezeredwa m'manja m'manja kutentha. Botolo sililoledwa kuti ligwedezeke, chifukwa ndiwofunda ndi mapangidwe a thovu.
• Chipewa cha botolo chimapukutidwa ndi mowa wa 70º.
• Amakoka syringe mumlengalenga kuti awerenge kuchuluka kwama insulin, kenako amawalowetsa mu vial, kusonkhanitsa mlingo wofunikira wa mankhwala + mpaka 10 ED zina.
• Mlingo wa yankho umayendetsedwa ndikugwira syringe pameso (ngati mutasintha ngodya, kulakwitsa kooneka kwa 1-5ED ndikotheka)
• Kugwedeza botolo, chotsani thovu.
• Musagwiritse khungu pakhungu la jakisoni ndi mowa, chifukwa mowa umawononga insulin ndipo, chifukwa chake, wodwalayo amatha kupanga lipodystrophy. Ngati izi zikufunika, ndikokwanira kungosambitsa khungu ndikalipukuta. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwalawa kudzera mu zovala ndikololedwa.
• Jakisoni amapangidwa m'malo otetezedwa ndi mankhwala: 2,5 cm kuchokera ku navel, 3 cm kuchokera phewa, ntchafu, kumtunda kwa butolo. Khola limapangidwa ndi chala chamanthu ndi chofiyira kuti lisalowe m'misempha (ikalowa minofu, mankhwalawo amalowetsedwa m'magazi mwachangu kuposa kuchokera pakatundu kakang'ono). Fanizo lotsatirali likuwonetsa momwe ungakhalire bwino khungu:

• Njira yothetsera vutoli iyenera kuperekedwa kwa theka la ola musanadye chakudya (insulin imalowetsedwa mkati mwa ola limodzi, kotero chakudya chizikhala pafupifupi mphindi 15-30 pambuyo pa jekeseni).

Momwe mungayikitsire syringe nthawi ya jakisoni

Singano imayilowetsa pakhungu pakhungu la 45º ngati jakisoni wachita khungu, pakhungu la 90º ngati jakisoni wachita popanda khungu.

Khola limapangidwa ngati mankhwalawo akuyenera kubayidwa mapewa kapena ntchafu, khola silimapangidwa ngati mankhwalawo akuyenera kuti aponyedwe pamimba kapena matako (popeza pali tinthu tosanjikana tating'ono).

Kodi insulini yabwino kwambiri ndi iti?

Palibe yankho lenileni la funsoli. Kusankhidwa koyambirira kwa insulin (komanso kumwa ndi kuyamwa kwa mankhwalawa) kumachitika mu chipatala, malingana ndi kuopsa kwa matendawa komanso mikhalidwe ya matenda, mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo, kuthamanga kwa nthawi shuga kutsitsa kwenikweni ndi nthawi yake.

Kuwerengera Mlingo ndi insulin

Mlingo wa mankhwalawa amasankhidwa aliyense payekha.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo achidule amapangidwira khungu kapena minofu (nthawi zina, kulowetsedwa kwamkati amaloledwa). Njira zoterezi zimachitika mwachangu, momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito ndizochepa.

Ma insulin omwe amangokhala pakanthawi kochepa amaperekedwa kwa mphindi 15-20 musanadye chakudya kamodzi kapena kangapo (kutengera mawonekedwe a matendawa) masana. Kuchepetsa shuga Amayamba pambuyo pa mphindi 15 mpaka 20 ndipo imafika pazokatha maola 2 (pomwe nthawi yonse yotalikira sichidutsa maola 6).

Mankhwala amtunduwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuchipatala kuti akhazikitse mlingo wodwala, komanso matenda ashuga komanso precom(zofunikira zomwe zimafunikira kuti zinthu zisinthe mwachangu pantchito ya insulin mthupi).

Kuphatikiza apo, yankho lalifupi limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati Ma anabolic. Pachifukwa ichi, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Mlingo wocheperako (kuchokera ku 4 mpaka 8 mayunitsi kamodzi kapena kawiri pa tsiku).

Mankhwala omwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali (okhala nawo nthawi yayitali) ali ndi mitundu yambiri ya mulingo ndipo amadziwika ndi nthawi yayitali ya zotsatira (mwachitsanzo, insulin emit Semylong, Long, Ultralong).

Monga lamulo, zotsatira zake zimadziwika mkati mwa maola 10-36. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amtunduwu kumatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa jakisoni tsiku lililonse.

Nthawi zambiri, ma insulin omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali amakhala akuimitsa. Amaperekedwa pansi pa khungu kapena minofu, kuwongolera kwamkati sikovomerezeka. Komanso ndizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochokera pagululi chikomokere ndi zokwanira.

Mukamasankha mankhwala, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti nthawi yomwe shuga kutsitsa kwenikweniambiri otchulidwa, ophatikizidwa mu nthawi ndi phwando lolemba.

Ngati izi ndizofunikira, zimaloledwa kuphatikiza mankhwala omwe akhala akuchita nthawi yayitali munthawi yomweyo.

Nthawi zina, odwala sayenera kungokonza nthawi yayitali pokhapokha pakufunika shuga, komanso munthawi yomweyo. Kuti muchite izi, amapatsidwa mankhwala oyambitsa afupikitsa komanso kwa nthawi yayitali.

Monga lamulo, jekeseni wa kuyimitsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali amachitidwa m'mawa, chakudya choyamba chisanachitike, koma makonzedwe nthawi ina yamadzulo amaloledwa.

Jekeseni amalimbikitsa kuti odwala aphatikizidwe ndikumamatira ku wapadera kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Kufunika kwa chakudya muzonsezo kuyenera kuzindikiridwa ndi kulemera kwamthupi la wodwalayo panthawi yamankhwala komanso kuchuluka kwa zochita zake zolimbitsa thupi.

Pokhala wopanda zakudya komanso kuwonjezera masewera olimbitsa thupi, wodwalayo amawonetsedwa kudya pafupifupi ma kilocalories 3,000 patsiku, ali ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu sikuyenera kupitilira 2000 (moyenera - pafupifupi 1700).

Momwe mungayikitsire mankhwala mu syringe ya insulin?

Ngati mukufuna kulowa insulin yamtundu umodzi, pisitoni ya syringe imakokedwa ndikuyika chizindikiro chogwirizana ndi chiwerengero chofunikira, pambuyo pake kuyimitsa kwa vial ndi mankhwalawo kumenyedwa ndipo, atakanikiza piston, amalola mpweya kulowa.

Kubowoleza nkhumba ndi mankhwala kumachitika bwino kwambiri pakatikati, pogwiritsa ntchito singano yayikulu kutulutsa syringe wamba. Kubayira mpweya ndikutola mankhwalawo, syringe ya insulini imagwiritsidwa ntchito kale - singano yake imayikidwa m'malo opumira.

Ngati thovu lakumlengalenga likuwoneka mu syringe yovulazidwa, muyenera kudina zala zanu pang'ono pa syringe ndikusunthira piston mosamala chizindikiro chomwe mukufuna.

Kuwerengetsa kwa insulin

Kuwerengera ndi kukhazikitsa mlingo wa mankhwalawa kumachitika, kuyambira kuti mankhwalawa apamwamba kwambiri tsiku lililonse sayenera kupitirira 1 kilogalamu imodzi ya kilogalamu yodwala.

Mu shuga ine digiri, mlingo ndi:

• 0.5 PIECES / kg - kwa odwala omwe matendawa adapezeka posachedwa,
• 0.6 PIECES / kg - ngati chipukutirocho chimatha chaka chimodzi kapena kupitilira,
• 0,7 PIECES / kg - pakafunika kubwezeredwa kosakhazikika,
• 0,8 PIECES / kg - kuti kubweza,
• 0,9 PIECES / kg - ngati matendawa ndi ovuta ketoacidosis,
• Ma mayunitsi 1.0 / kg kwa azimayi m'miyezi itatu yapitayo.

Kuwerengera kwa mankhwala omwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali pamankhwala a 0,6 PIECES / kg ndi kulemera kwa wodwala 75 kg: 0.6 * 75 = 45. Ndikofunikira kutenga 50% ya mtengo womwe unayambika ndikuzungulira (mpaka 20). Chifukwa chake, musanadye chakudya cham'mawa, muyenera kulowa magawo 12, ndipo otsala 8 - madzulo asanakwane.

Kuwerengera koyenera kwa mankhwala omwe amangokhala pakanthawi kochepa kwa 0,6 PIECES / kg ndipo wodwala kulemera kwa 75 kg amapangidwa molingana ndi formula: 0.6 * 75 = 45, 45-20 = 25. Chifukwa chake, magawo 9 mpaka 11 ayenera kulowa asanadye m'mawa , kuyambira magawo 6 mpaka 8 - chakudya chamadzulo, chakudya chotsalira - kuyambira magawo 4 mpaka 6 - chakudya chamadzulo chisanachitike.

Somoji syndrome

Matenda a insulin overdose syndrome ndi chimodzi mwazotsatira za poyizoni wa mahomoni nthawi zonse. Ndi mankhwala opatsirana mopitirira muyeso, thupi la munthu limayamba kugwira ntchito kuti liwonjezere shuga m'magazi. Kupanga kwa corticosteroids, adrenaline ndi glucagon kumachitika, kutsekereza zochita za insulin.

Kuzindikira matendawa sikophweka, koma ndizotheka. Kukula kwa matenda a Somoji akuwonetsedwa ndi:

1. Pafupipafupi migraine.
2. Matenda, chizungulire.
3. Kusowa tulo tambiri, kuwoneka ngati kwausiku.
4. Kulephera kubwezeretsa mphamvu pakugona.
5. Kupsinjika, kusinthasintha kwa kusinthasintha, kusakwiya.
6. Zosokoneza zowonekera zomwe zimatuluka mwachangu ndikudutsa.
7. Kupititsa patsogolo kotheka kudya zakudya zamafuta kwambiri.

Zapezeka kuti mphamvu zotsogola zam'magazi otsika zimawonekera pakatikati kuyambira 2 mpaka 4 m'mawa, chifukwa chake, zizindikiro za chiwonetsero cha matenda a Somogy zimakonda kupezeka m'mawa. Pofuna kupatula kapena kutsimikizira chodabwitsa cha Somoji, shuga ayenera kuyang'aniridwa 3 koloko usiku.

Mawonekedwe a insulin

Mankhwala a insulini alibe vuto lililonse. Inde, chithandizo chimabwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a wodwala, zotsatira zabwino zimawonedwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. Komabe, insulin imatha kuyambitsa mavuto.

• achina,
• lipodystrophy,
• Zotsatira zamawonedwe ndi kagayidwe,
• thupi lawo siligwirizana
• anachedwa kuchotsa mchere wa sodium ndi thupi.

Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala zimaphatikizapo kupanga ma antibodies m'thupi la wodwalayo pamankhwala omwe amaperekedwa.

Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwalawa zimawonekera mukamayanjana ndi mankhwala ena, ndi jakisoni wolakwika. Kuti mupewe kukhazikika kwa zovuta, ndikofunikira kugwirizanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala atsopano ndi dokotala, komanso mlingo.

Hypoglycemia

Mkhalidwe umadziwika ndi shuga wochepetsetsa kwambiri. Zitha kukhala zowopsa kwa wodwala ndikusintha kukhala imfa.

Hypoglycemia imayamba pazifukwa izi:

• zakudya zamatumbo ambiri
• mowa
• njala ndi matenda operewera,
• chapamimba
• zolimbitsa thupi kapena zochita, makamaka zolimba komanso zosakonzekera,
• Matenda ena, kuphatikizapo matenda a Addison, insulinoma, kapena chiwindi, impso, mavuto amtima,
• mankhwala ena ndi quinine,
• Matenda a adrenal gland ndi pituitary gland amathanso kupititsa ku hypoglycemia.

Hypoglycemia imakula mwa akulu ndi ana. Mwanayo amalira usiku, amazunzidwa ndimaloto. Samakwiya, amatopa nthawi zonse, amadya kwambiri.

Mwana akazindikira chizungulire, kupweteka mutu, kusintha kwadzidzidzi mwadzidzidzi kapena kudandaula, makolo ayenera kufunsa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za hypoglycemia:

Shuga wamagazi nthawi zonse amakhala 3,8 mmol / L

Momwe mungasungire shuga kukhala wabwinobwino mu 2019

• njala
• hyperhidrosis
• khungu la milomo,
• kuzizira
• chizungulire
• kutopa
• tachycardia
• kusakhazikika
• kukopa kwa pakhungu.

Hypoglycemia kwenikweni ndi usiku zotsatira zoyipa. Kuchita kwa insulin kotereku kumayambitsa kupweteka kwa mutu komanso migraines.

Ngati simukuchitapo kanthu, mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo umakulirakulira. Pali kufooka, kupenya kwamaso, chisokonezo, kuyankhula kotsika komanso kusalankhula.

Zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri za insulin ndiko kulephera kudziwa chikumbumtima. Odwala ambiri sazindikira zizindikiro kapena samangodziwa za iwo.

Izi zakupha. Dokotala ayenera kufotokozera wodwalayo zomwe zikumuyembekezera komanso mavuto omwe akukumana nawo.

Thupi lawo siligwirizana

Kubwera kwa mankhwala oyeretsa kwambiri, chiopsezo cha ziwopsezo zatsika kwambiri. Koma odwala ena amakhalabe ndi vuto lotsatira.

Thupi lawo siligwirizana insulin akuwonekera m'mitundu itatu:

• Pafupi ndi matuza ndi totupa. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zimawonekera theka la ola jakisoni. Choyamba, kutupika kumawonekera, kodziwika ndi redness, kuyabwa. Kenako matuza amapezeka. Palibe chithandizo chofunikira, pambuyo maola atatu ziwengo zimatha.
• Zamachitidwe Ndi mtundu uwu wa urticaria umawonekera, limodzi ndi angioedema ndi anaphylactic mantha.
• Tuberculin. Momwe thupi lawo siligwirizana limayamba maola 12 mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. Kutupa kozungulira jakisoni kumakhala ndi malire, khungu limapweteka komanso kuyabwa. Subcutaneous adipose minofu imakhudzidwa ndi kutupa.

Kuti mudziwe zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ziwopsezo zoyipa, ndikofunikira kuyeza milingo ya ma antibodies a IgE ndi IgG kuti insulin. Dokotala amatenga kuyesa kwa khungu. Atazindikira chomwe chimayambitsa matendawo, mankhwalawa amayikidwa ndikusinthidwa ku insulin ya wopanga wina.

Kuchedwa kuchotsedwa kwa sodium ndi thupi

Zotsatira zoyipa izi ndizotheka kuchitika. Vutoli limasungidwa ndi sodium ndi insulin, motero zimapangitsa kuti madzi asungidwe. Zotsatira zake, samatulutsidwa ndi thupi, ndipo edema imayamba.

Zomwe zimachepetsedwa zowonjezera za sodium zimatha kukhala chakudya chamafuta ochepa, komanso kuphwanya kuvomerezeka kwa makoma a capillaries.

Insulin edema imayamba kumayambiriro kwa mankhwala. Kudutsa masiku 3-4. Nthawi zina, amakhala mpaka milungu iwiri.

Insulin edema imachotsedwa ndi diuretics. Mankhwala amangoperekedwa kuti muchepetse kuopsa kwa zizindikiro. Ma diuretics sangawachepetse kwathunthu.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a insulin: mavuto ndi zotsatira zake

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwambiri a insulin ndiwadzidzidzi, ngakhale atayambitsa, ndipo amafunika kuchitapo kanthu mofulumira kuchokera kwa wodwalayo, ndipo ngati nkosatheka kuthandiza ena.

Matenda amtundu

Kuchulukitsa kwa insulin kumachitika ndikuphwanya insulin kukana. Mkhalidwe uwu umadziwika ndi kuyankha kotsika kwa minofu pakuwonekera kwa insulin. Izi zimawonetsedwa mu kunenepa kwambiri pamimba, matenda oopsa, cholesterol yayikulu.

Ngati munthu ali ndi insulin, chifukwa chomwe kupanga kwa insulin kumakulirakulira, zimamuvuta kuti achepetse thupi. Mafuta amayamba kudziunjikira mthupi, ndipo zotsatira za kulemera kwambiri ndikuphwanya kapangidwe ka mahomoni ogonana.

Hyperinsulinemia mwa akazi imakhudza kukula kwa mahomoni a androgen, omwe amalepheretsa kupangika kwa ma follicle othandizira komanso mahomoni a luteinizing. Zotsatira zake, kuthekera kwa mkazi kutenga pakati kumachepa ndi kukula kwa polycystic ovary syndrome.

Zakudya zama carb ochepa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a gulu la greatuanide zimathandiza kukonza vutoli. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kufunsa dokotala - endocrinologist kuti akupatseni mankhwala.

Kanema: insulini - chifukwa chiyani imagwira ntchito ndipo imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Kodi ndi liti pamene mankhwala amawonongeka?

Poyang'anitsitsa chosungira chimodzi, mankhwalawo ayenera kutayidwa. Komanso yankho lomwe pazifukwa zingapo zasintha mtundu wake, ndipo yankho lomwe m'magulu, zopumira, ndi ulusi sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Kuyimitsidwa kumaganiziridwa kuti ndi koyipa ngati, ndikusuntha, sikupanga kuyera koyera kapena kuyera.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti ma insulins okha a ultrashort, ofulumira komanso othamanga ayenera kukhalabe owonekera, komanso, komanso insulin glargine kuchitapo kanthu kwanthawi yayitali.

Malangizo apadera

Kodi insulin ndi chiyani?

Wikipedia ikuwonetsa kuti insulini ya mahomoni ndi chinthu chomwe chimakhudza mbali zambiri za mapangidwe a metabolic pafupifupi minofu yonse.

Insulin yogwira insulin imapangitsa kuti michere ya plasma ikhale yambiri kwa glucose, yomwe imapereka mofulumira komanso kosavuta kusintha kwa magazi kuchoka m'malo ena kupita kwina.

Kuperewera kwa insulin kaphatikizidwe kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa metabolic, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale shuga.

Insulin yogwira ntchito - ndi chiyani? Ndi chiwalo chiti chomwe chimatulutsa insulini?

Pamafunso oti "Ndi gland yomwe imatulutsa insulini?" Kapena "kodi insulini imapangidwa kuti?" Wikipedia imayankha kuti timadzi timene timapangika timapangidwe a maselo a Langerhans (omwe amapezeka makamaka mchira wake)kapamba(Pancreas) zochuluka za maselo a endocrine).

Homoni wopangidwa ndi thupi amatchedwa insulin kapena immunoreactive insulin (yofupikitsidwa ngati IRI).

Gwero loyambirira lopangira insulin yokonzekera yomwe imapereka mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino kwa anthu omwe thupi lawo silitulutsa timadzi tokha palokha kapamba nkhumba ndi ng'ombe.

Zaka zopitilira 30 zapitazo, insulin ya anthu idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa odwala. Kuti mumve, gwiritsani ntchito imodzi mwanjira ziwiri:

• Kusintha kwa njira ya insulin, yomwe imakhudzanso kusintha kwa ma amino acid omwe amapezeka alanine on,
• njira zopangira ma genetic, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kusintha gawo lina la DNA.

Gulu la insulin kukonzekera

Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pano nthawi zambiri amagawidwa malinga ndi zizindikiro zingapo:

• potengera nthawi,
• kuchokera kochokera,
• kutengera pH ya yankho (itha kukhala yopanda mbali kapena acidic)
• kupezeka kwa mankhwala pokonzekera (phenol, methyl paraben, cresol, phenol-cresol),
• kutengera kuchuluka kwa insulin (40, 80, 100, 200, 500 mayunitsi) ml.

Kugawa malinga ndi nthawi yochitapo kanthu:

• kukonzekera kwa ultrashort
• mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• mankhwala ogwirira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali (kuphatikiza nthawi yayitali (yapakatikati) komanso kuchitapo kanthu kwa nthawi yayitali),
• mankhwala oledzera
• mankhwala ophatikiza pamodzi (mankhwala a biphasic).

Ultrashort zochita yodziwika ndi lizpro, Aspartkomanso glulisin.

Insulin yofulumira.

• sungunuka wa chibadwa cha anthu,
• sungunuka kwamunthu wopanga,
• sungunuka wa nkhumba yosungunuka.

Insulin yapakatikati ndi insulin isophane (zomangira zamtundu wa anthu), insulin isophane (zopangidwa ndi anthu) insulin kuyimitsidwa kwa pawiri.

Mitundu yanji ya insulin yomwe imatenga nthawi yayitali? Gawoli limaphatikizapo glargine komanso kunyansidwa.

Kukonzekera kwa Biphasic - biphasic human semi-synthetic, biphasic genetic engineering, biphasic aspart.

Malinga ndi gulu, kutengera muyeso wa kuyeretsa, kukonzekera komwe kumapangidwa ndi minofu yazinyama kumagawidwa:

Mitundu ya insulin kutengera zomwe zidachokera:

• nkhumba (chofotokozedwa ndi kalata C, monopic - SMP, monocomponent - QMS),
• ng'ombe (ng'ombe, yomwe ikuwonetsedwa ndi kalata G, monopic - GMF, monocomponent - GMK),
• wamunthu (wotchulidwa ndi kalata H).

Kuchuluka kwa insulin m'mwazi - zikutanthauza chiyani?

Insulin imalepheretsa izi kaphatikizidwe ka shuga kuchokera kuma protein ndi lipids. Chifukwa chake, pakuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni opitilira 20 μU / ml (hyperinsulinism), munthu, komanso kuchepa kwa insulin, amayamba kuwonekera hypoglycemia - kusokonekera kumawonjezera, kukumbukira kumakulirakulira ndikuyang'anitsitsa kumachepa, kutopa konse kumawonjezeka (pakapita nthawi, kumakhala kosatha), kumawonjezeka, ndi zina zambiri.

Zomwe Zimapangitsa Insulin Kukulira

Ngati insulin imakwezedwa mkati magazi, chifukwa chitha kukhala chakuti munthu wadya chakudya chamafuta ambiri (i.e. glucose).

Popeza zopangidwa ndi mafuta ochulukirapo zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni, simuyenera kudya musanapereke magazi kuti mupeze mayeso a insulin magazi chita pamimba yopanda kanthu).

Kugwira ntchito kumatha kupangitsanso kuchuluka kwa mahomoni. ma pancreatic β-cell (Pankhaniyi, amalankhula za pulayimale, pancreatic, hyperinsulinism), komanso kubisala kwazinsinsi za mahomoni ena (mwachitsanzo katekisimaamu kapena corticotropin), kuwonongeka kwamanjenjeHypersensitivity insulin zolandilira (muzochitika zonsezi, matendawa ndi "a sekondale, kapena a extrapancreatic, hyperinsulinism").

Choyambitsa kukhumudwa ПЖЖpomwe adayamba chifukwa cha insulin yayikulu, atha:

• zotupa pa ПЖЖzomwe zimapangitsa kuti timadzi timene timapanga,
• kuchepa kwa ndende komwe kumapangidwa m'thupi glucagon,
• hyperplasia of islets of Langerhans.

Komanso, insulin yowonjezereka imakonda kuzindikiridwa ndi kulemera kwambiri. Kuwonjezeka kwa ndende ya mahomoni kumawonetsa kuti ПЖЖimagwira ntchito ndi katundu wina.

Momwe mungachepetse magazi a insulin

Musanachiritse kuchuluka kwa insulin, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa chomwe chinayipitsa. Monga lamulo, atathetsedwa, mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo umabwerera mwakale.

Kupewa kuukira hypoglycemiaidyani china chokoma kapena jekeseni yankho shuga. Muzovuta kwambiri, makonzedwe angafunike. glucagon kapena.

Momwe mungachepetse kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kunyumba? Kuti musinthe matenda a insulin, muyenera kusintha zakudya zanu. Zakudyazo ziyenera kukhala zopanda phokoso (ndizokwanira kudya pang'ono m'malo osachepera kasanu patsiku), ndipo kuchuluka kwa chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku sikuyenera kupitirira 150 g.

Nthawi yomweyo, oatmeal, phala la buckwheat, kefir wopanda mafuta ndi mkaka, tchizi chosawoneka bwino, tchizi, mazira, masamba, nsomba, zipatso za munthu payekha ziyenera kukhala patsogolo pazakudya.

Matendawa amatithandizanso kudziwa zolimbitsa thupi komanso kuchepa thupi.

Kodi shuga amamuberekera shuga uti?

Kuwunikira kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa mahomoni amomwe amasiyanitsa matendawo kumachitika kwa anthu omwe sanalandire insulin kukonzekera kale. Izi ndichifukwa choti thupi limayankha poyambitsidwa mahomoni achilendo popanga ma antibodies.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro.kagayidwe kachakudya matenda. Mkhalidwe umatengedwa kuti prediabetes.

Ngati insulin yakwezedwa ndipo shuga ndi yabwinobwino, lankhulani zosagwira insulin mawonekedwe a shuga tsankho ndi matenda ashuga. Izi zitha kuwonetsa zingapo insulin kugonjetsedwa ndi zinthu.

Mitundu yambiri yokhala ndi shuga yochepa nthawi zambiri imakhala chizindikiro pathological hyperinsulinemia. Nthawi zina, kuzungulira kwakukulu kozungulira magazi mahomoni ogwirizana ndi matenda oopsa,mtima ndi mtima matenda.

Mulingo wotsika wokhala ndi shuga wabwinobwino umafunikanso endocrinologist kuti adziwe chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli ndikupanga mayeso ofunikira (kulemba kwa HLI, kuyesa antibodies kuti apange insulin, kudziwa mulingo wa antibodies mpaka GAD, kusanthula kwa glycated).

Lingaliro la kufunika kwa jakisoni limapangidwa, kuyambira osati kuzisonyezo za kuchuluka kwa shuga, koma poganizira zifukwa zomwe zidawonjezera kuchuluka kotere.

Monga lamulo, kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwalawa kumakhala kosapeweka ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumangosungidwa kwanthawi yayitali mkati mwa 12 mmol / l, ndipo mapiritsi ndi kudya kosamalitsa sizikuwatsogolera kuchepa kwawo.

Kukongoletsa kwa kuyezetsa kwa magazi kwa insulin kumakupatsani mwayi kuti mupeze zomwe mukufuna kwa dokotala.

Chikhalidwe mwa akazi ndi abambo ndi chimodzimodzi. Zizindikiro za 3.3-7.8 mmol / l zimawonetsa noormoglycemia. Mulingo wa shuga wamagazi pamimba yopanda kanthu kuchokera pa 3.3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / l. Pambuyo pachakudya, chithunzi chomwe chimaposa 7.8 mmol / L chimawoneka chabwinobwino.

Mulingo wa insulin pambuyo potulutsa shuga ndi wokwera mpaka 7.7 mmol / l. Ngati chizindikirocho chili mu mitundu 7.8-11.1 mmol / l, amalankhula za kulolerana kwa glucose.

Kufanana kwa code ya ATX Level 4:

Hyperinsulinemia Prevention

Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa insulin, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndikukhala ndi pakati mu trimester yoyamba kumafuna kusintha mlingo wa insulin malinga ndi zotsatira za mayeso. Simuyenera kuphatikiza mankhwala a insulin ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa zamkati, jekeseni mahomoni pamimba yopanda kanthu. Ndi zoletsedwa motsimikiza kuti musachotse mankhwala osavomerezeka kapena kusintha mlingo wake popanda kusanthula ndi upangiri wa zamankhwala.

Popewa kukula kwa hyperinsulinemia, muyenera kupewa kumwa kwambiri shuga, zakudya zokhala ndi chakudya chamagulu omaliza. Ndikwabwino kusiya zakudya zamzitini, soseji, zipatso.

Popeza kupanga Insulin ndiko kuyankha kwa thupi pazakudya, kuletsa zochulukitsa zamagawo opanga mahomoni, ndibwino kugawa chakudya nthawi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi imodzi komanso kudya pang'ono.

Kugwiritsa ntchito insulin kumafuna chisamaliro ndikutsatira malamulo a moyo wathanzi. Izi zikuthandizira kupewa zinthu zoika moyo pangozi, kuthandiza kukhala ndi mizimu yabwino komanso kukhala ndi thanzi labwino.

Pazanyumba »Zabwino kudziwa» Zotsatira za insulin: ndizowopsa bwanji? Kodi chifukwa chiyani insulin ili yoopsa?

Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin m'masewera: bongo, chikomokere, imfa

Kugwiritsa ntchito insulini m'masewera (onse akatswiri komanso masewera amateur) masiku ano akutchuka kwambiri. Koma madokotala amachenjeza za kuopsa kwa zotsatira zoyipa ndi mankhwala ambiri a insulin, makamaka ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri.

Insulin ndi mahomoni achilengedwe kwa thupi, omwe amatulutsidwa ndi kapamba ndipo amalamulira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi.

Zaumoyo, kuchepa kwa insulini komanso kuchuluka kwake ndizowopsa. Ndi kuperewera, komwe kumachitika kwa odwala matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa kuchokera kunja kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ngati kuchuluka kwa insulin kwambiri, shuga m'magazi amatha kutsika mtengo wotsika kwambiri, womwe pambuyo pake ungayambitse chikomokere kapena kufa.

Analimbikitsa:

Insulin pamasewera ndi imodzi mwamankhwala oopsa kwambiri. Kufikira pang'ono, chiwopsezo chovulazidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito chake ndichoposa kuposa kuchokera ku anabolic steroids.

Makamaka, madotolo adayamba kuyankhula za zovuta zomwe zimadza chifukwa chamadwala atayamba kudwala nthawi inayake chakumayambiriro kwa 2000s, pomwe mwana wina wazaka 31 womangidwa adagonekedwa m'chipatala chifukwa cha insulin. Pambuyo pake, bambo wazaka 35 wazitolere zamagetsi zisanu ndi zitatu zopezeka mphamvu kuchokera ku Scotland adadzipezanso ali ndindende miyezi iwiri itatha insulin.

Insulin ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri opitilira kupirira pamasewera. Ndizosavuta kupeza, zotsika mtengo, zovuta kuzizindikira komanso zimathandizadi kugwira ntchito. Koma mtengo wake ukhoza kukhala imfa.

Popeza kuti malinga ndi ziwerengero, pafupifupi 10% ya omanga thupi amagwiritsa ntchito timadzi tambiri, kuchuluka kwakeko kukuwonekeratu.

Onani zomwe m'modzi mwa akatswiri a zamankhwala Mick Hart, wolemba buku lotchuka, A Guide for Non-Steroid Professionals, akuti:

Chomwe chimapangitsa kuvulaza kwa insulin momwe amagwirira ntchito

Ntchito yayikulu ya insulin m'thupi siyotalikirana ndi minofu. Imawongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kuonetsetsa kuti imakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa 80-100 mg / dl.

Tikamadya maswiti, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumachulukitsa, insulin imasungidwa ndi kapamba ndipo imachotsa shuga wambiri kuchoka pagazi kupita kumalo ogulitsa mphamvu (minofu glycogen, glycogen ya chiwindi ndi mafuta).

- Chingachitike ndi chiani ngati wathanzi wavulala insulini?

Funso limagwiranso ntchito kwa osewera, kotero ambiri a iwo ali athanzi kapena osachepera awa

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a insulin: Zizindikiro, zotsatira zake

Thanzi la thupi la munthu limatengera chiwerengero cha mahomoni m'menemo, makamaka - Insulin. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a Insulin ambiri ndi zovuta komanso zomwe zingachitike, zimatha kuvulaza thanzi.

Insulin ndiye zotsatira za endocrine system. Timadzi timene timapangidwa ndimaselo a kapamba, wotchedwa "zisumbu za Langerhans."

Masewera a glucose amalowa m'magazi kuchokera mu chakudya ndipo kuchuluka kwake kumakhala kwakukulu, njira zomwe amapangira insulin zimayamba. Kwambiri kuchuluka kwa glucose mu chakudya, mahomoni ochulukirapo amafunikira kuti asinthidwe kukhala glycogen.

Kusintha kwa kupanga kwa insulin panthawi yolakwika ya endocrine kumayambitsa kuphwanya kagayidwe kazakudya m'thupi, kamene kamayambitsa kukula kwa matenda a shuga 1, hyperinsulinemia, hypoglycemic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome.

Kuphatikizika kwama mahomoni sikuvulaza thupi. Zomwe zimayambitsa zachilengedwe zomwe zimapangitsa kuti inshuwaransi yambiri iphatikizidwe:

1. Insulinomas (benign neoplasms) pamafinya a kapamba.
2. Kukula kwa zilumba za Langerhans.
3. Kupanga kwa mahomoni operewera - glucagon.
4. Matenda a chiwindi, pituitary, adrenal cortex.
5. Zilonda zopweteka m'mimba.
6. Polycystic ovary syndrome yokhudzana ndi kuphwanya kwa androgen.
7. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira malire.
8. Kutengeka kwambiri komanso kupsinjika.

Pakhoza kukhala zochitika pamene kuchuluka kwa Insulin chifukwa cha zochita zolakwika pamene jakisoni wa mahomoni afunika:

• Makulidwe olakwika a mlingo kwa munthu wathanzi.
• Mlingo wolakwika wa insulin ndi endocrinologist wothandizidwa ndi mankhwala.
• Vutoli lidachitika ndikulemba mankhwalawo kukhala mtundu watsopano wa syringe.
• Kulephera kutsatira njira yoyendetsera mankhwala.
• Kuphwanya zakudya ndi ntchito zolimbitsa thupi mukamagwiritsa ntchito insulin.
• Kumwa mowa ndikumwa mahomoni.
• Kuperewera kwa kusintha kwamankhwala a insulin azimayi mu 1 trimester ya mimba.

Pofuna kuti musaphonye zomwe zili pachiwopsezo cha moyo, muyenera kudziwa zizindikiro zazikuluzikulu za insulin.

Mwayi waukulu kwambiri wa bongo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Kupezekanso kwakukulu kwa bongo kumatheka mu othamanga. Amatenga Insulin kuti achulukitse thupi ndi kuchira msanga ataphunzitsidwa, kuthamangitsa kapangidwe ka glycogen, ndikuphwanya maselo amafuta.

Mawonekedwe apadziko lonse a insulin ntchito ndi ED, ME. Malinga ndi mulingo wovomerezeka, 1ME ndi ofanana ndi 1/4 mg wa Insulin m'makristalo. Kwa munthu wathanzi, mlingo wa 2 mpaka 4 IU umawoneka ngati wabwinobwino mwa kuzindikira. Mlingo woyenera kwambiri kwa omanga thupi omwe amatsata chakudya chamafuta ndi 20 IU.

Poizoni wa insulin amafunika kuchepa kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi. Ngati chizindikiro ichi chikatsika kufikira 3,8 mmol / l, pali zovuta za insulin - hypoglycemia. Chizindikiro chikamafika 3,3 mmol / l, pamakhala chiwopsezo cha kukomoka kwa hypoglycemic.

Kuwonongeka kwa thanzi la wodwalayo kumadutsa magawo angapo:

1. Pa gawo loyamba, ndizovuta kuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa matenda, popeza zizindikiro zofananazi zilipo ndi matenda a shuga.Izi zikuphatikiza: kumverera kwakukulira kwa njala ndi ludzu, kufooka, kutopa kopanda pake, kuperewera kwa kupsinjika. Ngati simukuthandizira kuthetsa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda (perekani wodwalayo kapu ya tiyi ndi shuga kapena uchi), wodwalayo akuipiraipira.
2. Gawo lachiwiri limadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa zizindikiro, zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi khungu, kutsekemera kwa miyendo, ndi kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe. Kuthetsa zizindikirizo kumatha kukhalabe ngati mumamwa tiyi wokoma kapena kudya zakudya zokhala ndi zakudya zamafuta othamanga.
3. Mu gawo lachitatu, wodwalayo ndi wofooka kwambiri kotero kuti sangathe kudziimira payekha kuti athetse zizindikirazo. Amanjenjemera chifukwa cha madera, kugunda kwamtima, kuwongoka mtima, kuchita zamaganizidwe kwambiri kapena kukhala woponderezedwa. Gawoli limadziwika ndi maonekedwe a kugwidwa. Thandizo kwa wodwala liyenera kuperekedwa mwachangu mu mawonekedwe a shuga mkati, apo ayi, chitukuko cha vuto la hypoglycemic chikhoza kuchitika.
4. Gawo lachinayi ndi gawo lotsiriza la hypoglycemia. Magazi a shuga amachepetsedwa kwambiri, mtima umagunda pang'onopang'ono, wophunzirayo sakulabadira kuwunikira.

Kuphatikiza pa kusamva bwino, ndi mankhwala ambiri a insulin, zotsatira zake ndizotheka. Mlingo woopsa wa Insulin kwa munthu aliyense ndi munthu payekha. Amachokera ku 100 IU mpaka 500 IU, kutengera kulemera kwa thupi la munthu, chakudya chake komanso moyo wake.

Ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo akulu kwambiri adachitika kamodzi, zizindikirazo zimatchulidwa, motero, kufunika kwa njira zothetsera zotsalazo kumadziwika.

Ndikosavuta kukhazikitsa kupezeka kwa insulin yambiri, yomwe imakhudza thupi lonse, ndikukulitsa wodwala.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri amakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa zama ubongo. Izi ndichifukwa cha vasoconstrictor mphamvu ya timadzi. Zizindikiro za hyperinsulinemia zimatha kupezeka mwa ana ndi akulu mwanjira ya mutu wovuta.

Kuti muwathetse, ndikokwanira kusintha chikhalidwe, osati zakudya zomwe zili ndi chakudya chambiri kuchokera kuzakudya momwe mungathere. Zothandiza ndizokhala nthawi yayitali mumlengalenga komanso masewera.

Zoopsa kwambiri zoyambitsidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa insulin yayikulu:

Glucose imapereka chakudya ku ubongo. Ngati kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi kumafika pachimodzimodzi, maselo am'kati mwa njoka, omwe amatchedwa kuti neuroglycopenia, amayamba. Poyerekeza ndi kusowa kwa glucose, matenda amitsempha, kusokonezeka kwa chikumbumtima kumachitika, njira za metabolic m'maselo a grey nkhani yaubongo zimasokonekera.

Chovulaza chochepa kwambiri chikaphatikizidwa ndi insulin yochulukirapo imakhala m'malo a ubongo omwe amachititsa kupuma ndi mtima.

Chifukwa chake, kugunda kwamtima kumapitirirabe kwakanthawi, ngakhale mutakhala ndi vuto la hypoglycemic.

Pofuna kupewa matenda a edema am'mimba, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito: Furosemide, Piracetam, Mannitol solution imayendetsedwa.

Poletsa kuphatikiza kwamitsempha yamagazi, ma magnesium sulfate amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ngati chiwopsezo chomakula kwambiri cha hypoglycemia chikuchotsedwa mkati mwa mphindi 30, zotsatirapo za thupi lomwe limakhala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo a Insulin sizikhala zochepa. Kupanda kutero, mphamvu yanjala imatsogolera ku edema yam'mimba komanso zotupa m'matumbo ake.

Ngati Mlingo wa timadzi timene timawerengeredwa molakwika kwa wodwala matenda a shuga, matendawa amatha. Nthawi zambiri, amakula mwa anthu okalamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi shuga osakhalitsa.

Ndi kuchulukitsa pang'ono kwa mlingo wa Insulin, kuwonjezeka kwa kulemera kwa thupi, kusayenda bwino kwamthupi, komanso milandu ya ketoacidosis ndi acetonuria kumachitika pafupipafupi.

Asanayambe kupuma, wodwalayo amakhala ndi nkhawa. Amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mtima, kulumpha m'magazi, komanso kumva njala ikukulira.Nthawi zina wodwalayo amakhala wokwiya kwambiri, wosakwiya, wovuta, ndipo zochita zake nthawi zina zimawadetsa nkhawa komanso amawoneka kuti sangakwanitse.

Pambuyo pake, kupweteka kwa minofu kumayamba ndipo kukomoka kumachitika.

Pofuna kupewa izi, anthu omwe ali pafupi ndi wodwalayo ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti chomwe chimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale wolakwika sichinthu, koma kuchuluka kwa Insulin m'magazi.

Izi zimalola kuti panthawi yake pachitike njira zothetsera mavuto a hypoglycemia: kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa glucose ndi glucometer, ndi chidziwitso chovuta, jekeseni 40% ya shuga m'mitsempha ndikuyitanira ambulansi.

Matenda a insulin overdose syndrome ndi chimodzi mwazotsatira za poyizoni wa mahomoni nthawi zonse.

Ndi mankhwala opatsirana mopitirira muyeso, thupi la munthu limayamba kugwira ntchito kuti liwonjezere shuga m'magazi. Kupanga kwa corticosteroids, adrenaline ndi glucagon kumachitika, kutsekereza zochita za insulin.

Kuzindikira matendawa sikophweka, koma ndizotheka. Kukula kwa matenda a Somoji akuwonetsedwa ndi:

1. Pafupipafupi migraine.
2. Matenda, chizungulire.
3. Kusowa tulo tambiri, kuwoneka ngati kwausiku.
4. Kulephera kubwezeretsa mphamvu pakugona.
5. Kupsinjika, kusinthasintha kwa kusinthasintha, kusakwiya.
6. Zosokoneza zowonekera zomwe zimatuluka mwachangu ndikudutsa.
7. Kupititsa patsogolo kotheka kudya zakudya zamafuta kwambiri.

Zapezeka kuti mphamvu zotsogola zam'magazi otsika zimawonekera pakatikati kuyambira 2 mpaka 4 m'mawa, chifukwa chake, zizindikiro za chiwonetsero cha matenda a Somogy zimakonda kupezeka m'mawa. Pofuna kupatula kapena kutsimikizira chodabwitsa cha Somoji, shuga ayenera kuyang'aniridwa 3 koloko usiku.

Kuchulukitsa kwa insulin kumachitika ndikuphwanya insulin kukana. Mkhalidwe uwu umadziwika ndi kuyankha kotsika kwa minofu pakuwonekera kwa insulin. Izi zimawonetsedwa mu kunenepa kwambiri pamimba, matenda oopsa, cholesterol yayikulu.

Ngati munthu ali ndi insulin, chifukwa chomwe kupanga kwa insulin kumakulirakulira, zimamuvuta kuti achepetse thupi. Mafuta amayamba kudziunjikira mthupi, ndipo zotsatira za kulemera kwambiri ndikuphwanya kapangidwe ka mahomoni ogonana.

Hyperinsulinemia mwa akazi imakhudza kukula kwa mahomoni a androgen, omwe amalepheretsa kupangika kwa ma follicle othandizira komanso mahomoni a luteinizing.

Zotsatira zake, kuthekera kwa mkazi kutenga pakati kumachepa ndi kukula kwa polycystic ovary syndrome.

Zakudya zama carb ochepa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a gulu la greatuanide zimathandiza kukonza vutoli.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kufunsa dokotala - endocrinologist kuti akupatseni mankhwala.

Kanema: insulini - chifukwa chiyani imagwira ntchito ndipo imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa insulin, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndikukhala ndi pakati mu trimester yoyamba kumafuna kusintha mlingo wa insulin malinga ndi zotsatira za mayeso.

Simuyenera kuphatikiza mankhwala a insulin ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa zamkati, jekeseni mahomoni pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Ndi zoletsedwa motsimikiza kuti musachotse mankhwala osavomerezeka kapena kusintha mlingo wake popanda kusanthula ndi upangiri wa zamankhwala.

Popewa kukula kwa hyperinsulinemia, muyenera kupewa kumwa kwambiri shuga, zakudya zokhala ndi chakudya chamagulu omaliza. Ndikwabwino kusiya zakudya zamzitini, soseji, zipatso.

Popeza kupanga Insulin ndiko kuyankha kwa thupi pazakudya, kuletsa zochulukitsa zamagawo opanga mahomoni, ndibwino kugawa chakudya nthawi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi imodzi komanso kudya pang'ono.

Kugwiritsa ntchito insulin kumafuna chisamaliro ndikutsatira malamulo a moyo wathanzi. Izi zikuthandizira kupewa zinthu zoika moyo pangozi, kuthandiza kukhala ndi mizimu yabwino komanso kukhala ndi thanzi labwino.

Zotsatira zoyipa za Insulin - Ambulansi ndi Medicine Portal

Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin zimaphatikizanso khungu lanu, momwe thupi lawo limasokonekera, kukana insulini komanso lipentstrophies (lipoatrophy ndi lipo-pertrophy) ya insulin.

Kuphatikiza apo, insulin imayambitsa hypoglycemia, kuchuluka kwa thupi ndi kutupa, komabe, madokotala ambiri sawona zoterezi ngati mavuto, koma amawawona ngati mawonetseredwe a pharmacological zochita za insulin.

Hypoglycemia imatha kukhala ndi insulin yochulukirapo mwa wodwala aliyense wodwala matenda a shuga, njira zakuthana ndi izi zimafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane mu Ch. 6 ndi 9.

Kulemera kumawonedwa mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a mellitus atayamba mankhwala a insulin kapena kusintha kwa mankhwalawa othandizira kwambiri a inulin mankhwala ndipo makamaka chifukwa chakuti ma calories omwe adatayika kale ndi glucosuria (motsutsana ndi maziko a hyperglycemia) amayamba kudziunjikira motsogozedwa ndi insulin minofu mu mawonekedwe a mafuta | glycogen. Ma calories awa "opulumutsidwa" amatenga 70-100% ya kulemera kwa 22.28. Chifukwa china cholemera kwambiri ndi insulin mankhwala ndikusungidwa kwamadzi. Nthawi zina, ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti mankhwala a insulin edema kapena wamba: 29, 30. Insulin edema nthawi zambiri imatha popanda kugwiritsa ntchito masabata angapo, nthawi zina mwezi umodzi. Kuti muthandizire kusinthanso kwa edema, mulingo wochepetsetsa womwe umapangidwira, ungathe kutumikiridwa, ndipo ndi edema yosatha, mlingo wocheperako wa ephedrine. Amakhulupilira kuti insulin edema imayamba chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa sodium reabsorption mu proximal renal tubules mothandizidwa ndi insulin yowonjezera (ngakhale kuti insulin imalimbikitsa kwambiri sodium reabsorption). Kutupa kwa insulin kumachitika kwambiri mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a mellitus.

Pofuna kumvetsetsa mtundu wa insulin kukana ndi mayankho a insulin, munthu amafunika kudziwa zochepa za kapangidwe kake ndi biosynthesis ya insulin m'maselo a p, komanso kuwunika kuyera kwa kukonzekera kwa insulin.

Insulin ndi mahomoni a peptide okhala ndi ma cell awiri amino acid (A ndi B) omwe amalumikizidwa ndi ma cell awiri a disulfide (mkuyu. 5.5). Chowonjezera china cha di-sulfide chiri pakati pa 6 ndi 11 amino acid a unyolo A. Kulemera kwa insulin yaumunthu ndi 5734.

Insulin biosynthesis imaphatikizanso: amino acid, 3) proinsulin processing - mawonekedwe a peptide yolumikizira (C-peptide) okhala ndi 31 amino acid, ndikupanga insulin yoyenera.

Insulin ndi C-peptide zimasungidwa m'miyala yazinsinsi (maselo atatu) ndipo zimatulutsidwa m'magazi mu ziwonetsero zomwezo.

Udindo wamagulu a C-peptide samamveka bwino, koma amadziwika kuti amakhudza ntchito ya endothelium ndi renal tubules 32, 33.

C-peptide imakhala chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri chogwiritsira ntchito (maselo atatu-munthawi akayezera kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi a anthu opanda matenda a shuga) kapena zovuta.

Njira yokhayo yoyeretsa za kukonzekera kwa insulin, mosasamala kanthu komwe iwo akupeza, ndikuyeza kuchuluka kwa proinsulin pokonzekera insulin.

Gawo lalikulu la proinsulin limafotokozedwa ma micrograms pa gramu imodzi ya insulin.

Kwazaka 25 zapitazi, ukadaulo wopanga insulini wayenda bwino kwambiri kotero kuti kuchuluka kwa ma proinsulin m'makonzedwe oyeretsedwa kwambiri sikapitilira 10 μg / g, komanso mwangwiro - 1 μg / g.

Odwala ambiri omwe amathandizidwa ndi insulin amawonetsa ma antibodies ku insulin (IgG ndi IgE), koma pokhapokha nthawi zina ma antibodies amenewa amagwira nawo ntchito yamankhwala. Ma IgE amadziwika ndi insulin ndipo amapezeka mu titer yapamwamba kwambiri ngati insulin imachita. Mtundu wa IgG suwonekeratu.

Nthawi ina, zimaganiziridwa kuti IgG imapangidwa poyankha insulin yokha, ndiye adayamba kuganiza kuti zosafunikira pakukonzekera insulin (proinsulin ndi zina zazikulu za maselo achilengedwe) makamaka kapena ali ndi katundu wa immunogenic. Komabe, pambuyo pake zidawululidwa kuti IgG imawonekeranso poyankha kuyendetsa makonzedwe oyera kwambiri ngakhale okonzekera bwino.

Chifukwa chake, insulin pakapangidwe kake kokonzekera imakhala ndi immunogenicity, ndipo zodetsa zimatha kupititsa patsogolo kupanga kwa IgG.

Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a insulin, onse komanso mavuto ena am'deralo amatha kuchitika. Mosiyana ndi chodabwitsa cha kupangika kwa ma antibodies kupita ku insulin, izi sizimayenderana ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya mahomoni omwe amaperekedwa.

A ziwonetsero zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri zimawonetsedwa ndi urticaria, kuyabwa kwa khungu ndipo, nthawi zina, edema yake, monga chinthu chosowa kuwonjezereka kwa kutentha kungawonedwe. Zomwe zimachitika m'deralo zimawoneka ngati jekeseni la kutupa, kukhuthala, kukhumudwa, kuwawa.

Nthawi zina, ngakhale anaphylactic mantha amatha ndi insulin.

Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto lomwe siligwirizana, desensitization ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupatsanso insulin yaying'ono ndikuwonjezera Mlingo pang'onopang'ono tsiku lomwelo kapena kuyendetsa magawo a 2-6 intradermally (insulini imasungunuka pang'onopang'ono).

Nthawi yomweyo, antihistamines (diphenhydramine ndi ena) angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pazovuta zonse zamkati komanso kulephera kuchoka pakanthawi kogwiritsa ntchito insulin, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito cortisone, prednisolone, etc.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mankhwalawa amatha kuonjezera hyperglycemia ndi glycosuria ndipo amafunika Mlingo wambiri wa insulin.

Mavuto omwe nthawi zambiri amasokoneza chithandizo ndi insulin akuphatikizira kukula kwa lipoatrophy (lipodystrophy) pamalo opangira jekeseni. Makina a chitukuko chawo samadziwika bwinobwino.

Kulongosola komwe kungachitike ndikuzunzika kwatsoka kwamatsenga chifukwa cha kubayidwa mobwerezabwereza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta za trophic. Malinga ndi malingaliro awa, lipodystrophy ndi njira ya neurotrophic.

Kumvetsetsa koyambirira kwa gawo lothandizira pakuchitika kwa ndulu iyi ya phenol kapena tricresol, kuwonjezeredwa kukonzekera kwa insulin, kapena mowa womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupukusa khungu ndi singano, sizinatsimikizidwe.

Nthawi zina, munthawi ya chiphuphu cha insulin mukayamba kubwezeretsedwera kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa zakudya, kuchepa kwa kanthawi kochepa kumatha kuchitika chifukwa chakuchotsa kwamadzi komanso chifukwa chakuwonjezera madzi amthupi.

Zambiri kuchokera patsamba la webusaitiyi www.vip-doector.ru siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito podzifufuza komanso kupeza matenda

Kodi insulin ndi chiyani m'thupi la munthu (pancreatic hormone)

Chikhumbo chofuna kumvetsetsa momwe insulin imagwirira ntchito komanso zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zikuwoneka ngati dokotala atakufotokozerani mankhwalawa pofuna kuchiza matenda a shuga (makamaka) kapena matenda ena omwe amaphatikizana ndi kuchepa kwa chinthuchi mthupi.

Kodi insulin ndi chiyani? Ntchito zake mthupi

Malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake komanso momwe angagwiritsidwire ntchito za insulin, ndi mahomoni a peptide omwe amapangidwa ndi kapamba - maselo a beta omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa Langerhans.

Idalandira dzina kuchokera ku liwu Lachilatini la Indula, lotanthauza "chilumba" potanthauzira. Nthawi zambiri, insulini m'thupi imakhudza kagayidwe kachakudya, koma kuphatikiza kwake ndikuthandizira kutsika kwa glucose.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'masewera, chifukwa ali ndi anabolic.

Chifukwa cha kupanga insulin, anthu ambiri omwe amadwala matenda a shuga ali ndi mwayi wothandizira moyo, popanda mankhwala awa adaweruzidwa.

Mndandanda wa ntchito zomwe zimathetsedwa ndi insulin zimaphatikizapo ntchito zotsatirazi:

• kutumiza kwa amino acid, shuga, komanso potaziyamu ndi mafuta kumaselo,
• kukhalabe ndi glucose yokhazikika m'magazi,
• malamulo a chakudya muyezo.

Izi sizingokhala ndi ntchito za insulin mthupi, chifukwa zimakulitsa kupezekanso kwa michere ya plasma, zimalimbikitsa kupangika kwa glycogen mu chiwindi ndi minofu minofu, komanso zimakhudza kapangidwe ka mafuta ndi mapuloteni.

Zimagwira bwanji?

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin pakuwonetsa matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga ndikofunikira. Ngati matenda amtundu wa 2 amayamba, ndiye kuti timadzi timene timagwiritsidwa ntchito malinga ndi zomwe zikuwonetsa.

Kuchita kwa insulin kumalumikizidwa ndi kapangidwe ka molekyulu yake, momwe mumakhala ma cell awiri a polypeptide omwe ali ndi zotsalira za 51 amino acid: A-chain - 21 ndi B-chain - 30.

Ali ndi kulumikizana mu mawonekedwe a mabuluni osagwirizana.

Kutsegulira kwa kapangidwe ka kapamba ka insulin mthupi la munthu kumachitika ngati ndende ya glucose imakhala yapamwamba kuposa 100 mg / dl. Horm lomwe limalowa m'magazi limamangirira glucose owonjezera ndikumayendetsa kupita ku minofu - mafuta (komwe amasinthidwa kukhala mafuta) kapena minofu (ndikusintha kukhala mphamvu).

Chochita chofunikira kwambiri cha insulin m'thupi la munthu ndikufulumizitsa kayendedwe ka glucose kudzera mu membrane yam'm cell ndikusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka mapuloteni omwe amapezeka mu nembanemba. Komanso timadzi tating'onoting'ono timene timachitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

• Insulin imayambitsa ma ribosomes omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kuphatikizika kwa mapuloteni - chinthu chachikulu chomanga cha minofu minofu, chomwe chimathandizira pakulimbitsa.
• Hormone iyi imakhala ndi zinthu zotsutsa-catabolic zomwe zingalimbane ndi kuwonongeka kwa ulusi wa minofu, zomwe zimathandizira kuti zisungidwe zawo zokha, komanso kukonzanso.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa insulini, zingapo zoyipa zimachitika:

• kunenepa
• kulephera pakugwira ntchito kwa mtima.

Insulin yowonjezereka imaletsa lipase, enzyme yomwe imayambitsa kuthana ndi mafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta azikhala mofulumira. Kuphatikiza apo, imathandizira kapangidwe ka mafuta acids - lipogeneis. Zotsatira zake, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa triglycerides, ntchito ya zotupa za sebaceous imayambitsa. Khungu limakhala mafuta, kutsekeka kwa ma pores kumachitika, mawonekedwe a ziphuphu.

Komanso, insulin yayikulu imakhala yomwe imapangitsa kuti matenda a mtima apangidwe. Kuwonetsera kwina koyipa ndikumapanikizika kowonjezereka, komanso kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa maselo owopsa.

Mitundu ya insulin

Kutengera kutalika kwawonekera, pali mitundu iyi:

• kopitilira muyeso
• mwachidule
• sing'anga
• nthawi yayitali.

Mndandanda wa kukonzekera kwa insulin

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsa:

Malinga ndi mtundu wa mitundu, mitundu yambiri yamankhwala imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• insulin yamunthu
• bullish
• nkhumba
• ukadaulo wa majini ndi ena

Odwala apangidwa posachedwa mankhwala opangidwa kuchokera ku genetic engineering osayambitsa chifuwa, chifukwa chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe amachokera ku ng'ombe, zotsatira zoyipa za insulin monga lipodystrophy, ziwengo, ndi insulin. Kuwerengera kwa mlingo, pakati pa jakisoni kumatsimikiziridwa ndi katswiri payekha kwa wodwala aliyense.

Palinso magulu awiri a mahoni omwe amaperekedwa kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa shuga.

1. Botul ya insulin kwa maola angapo. Amadziwika ndi vuto losagwirizana pakuchepetsa shuga, kukhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba mukamadya.

1. Basal insulin, yomwe nthawi yayitali ndi tsiku limodzi. Ndiwosavuta kwambiri kuposa momwe analogue yapitayi imagwiritsidwira ntchito pambuyo pa maola 24. Ilibe chiwonetsero chachikulu, ndiye kuti, mlingo womwe umapangidwa ndi iye ndi kuchepa kwa shuga amakhalabe wokhazikika munthawi yonse yoyendetsa.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yotulutsira insulin:

• 10 ml Mbale
• 3 ml makatoni a ma syringe zolembera.

Njira zogwiritsira ntchito: syringe, cholembera, pampu, njira zina

Insulin imalowetsedwa kudzera m'njira zingapo.

• Chodziwika kwambiri ndi syringe wa insulin. Chochita ichi, chopangidwa ndi pulasitiki yowoneka, chili ndi zigawo zinayi: thupi looneka ngati silinda lokhala ndi chisonyezo, ndodo ikusunthira mkati mwake, singano ndi kapu yotseka. Singano imatha kukhazikika pamitundu inayake, koma njira yochotsera ndiyofala.

Zingwe zotayirira zowonongeka ndi voliyumu imodzi ya 1 ml zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozunguliridwa ndi insulin ya 40 U / ml. Kuyika chizindikiro pamlanduwo kumayikidwa mu ma insulin. Pali ma syringes a 2 ml omwe amapangidwira anthu omwe amafunikira insulini yoposa 40 kwa jakisoni imodzi.

• Kufunitsitsa kukonza njira zoperekera insulin kunalola Novo Nordisk kupanga cholembera ndi 1983, chomwe m'zaka zaposachedwa chafala ku Russia. Papangidwe, chipangizochi chimafanana ndi cholembera.

Zina mwazabwino za cholembera ndimtundu wothandizira kupatsidwa insulin kulikonse osavula zovala zanu. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa singano yopyapyala, ululu pakhungu jakisoni sakumva kwenikweni ndipo khungu silinavulala.

Chingwe chomwe chimadzazidwa ndi insulin chimayikidwa mkati mwa singano. Kulondola kwa mlingo womwe umayendetsedwa umayendetsedwa ndi makina apadera omwe, pomwe batani la shutter limakanikizidwa, limatulutsa, kuwonetsa kuyambitsa kwa gawo limodzi la mankhwalawa.

Cholembera cha syringe chimayikidwa mumlandu ndipo chili ndi malangizo atsatanetsatane kuti agwiritse ntchito.

• Pampu ya insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ku Western Europe ndi USA. Anthu ochepa amagwiritsa ntchito chipangizochi chifukwa cha zovuta zina, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zovuta za chipangizocho, kufunika kwake kukonza pathupi, zovuta zotheka chifukwa cha kuyika kwa singano komwe kumadyetsa timadzi tambiri m'thupi. Mavuto ena amabwera posankha njira yoyenera yothandizira munthu wina.

Mwa zabwino za njira yodabwitsayi, pali insulin yolowerera m'magazi, kusowa kwa kufunikira kwa kuperekera mahomoni pawokha, popeza kuchuluka koyenera kumayendetsedwa ndi pampu. Ndi njira iyi, zovuta zochepa zimadziwika.

Malo a jekeseni

Kuti insulini ichite mwanjira yofunika kukwaniritsa zochizira, magawo ena amawunikidwa pa thupi la munthu komwe amalimbikitsidwa kuti apange jakisoni wa insulin. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mphamvu ya mankhwalawa imasiyanasiyana kwambiri.

• Mimba ndi malo m'mbali mwa navel. Kuchita bwino kwa mayamwidwe ndi 90% ndi kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu.
• Ndege yakunja ya nkono, yomwe imachokera pachiwuno mpaka phewa. Kugwira bwino ntchito kwa mayamwidwe kumakhala kofanana ndi 70% kochepa pang'onopang'ono kuposa jakisoni m'mimba.
• Kutsogolo kwa ntchafu, kuyambira mawondo mpaka m'mphepete mwake. Zizindikiro za mayamwidwe ndi kuchitapo kanthu ndizofanana chifukwa zimafanana ndi dera lamanja.
• Malo a khungu pansi pamapewa. Kuchita bwino kwa mayamwidwe kumakhala pafupifupi 30% pa liwiro lochepetsetsa pochita ndi madera ena.

Malo omwe ali ndi jakisoni wa insulin

Poyerekeza, zimamveka chifukwa chake jakisoni wa insulin pansi pa scapula sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.

Kutenga insulin - malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito

Insulin imayikidwa pazisonyezo zotsatirazi:

• mtundu 1 shuga
• ketoacidosis
• matenda ashuga - hyperlacticemia, Hyperosmolar,
• kubwezeredwa kwa matenda a shuga a 2,
• matenda ashuga nephropathy,
• kuwonda pamaso pa shuga.

Kusankhidwa kwa mtundu wa insulini kutengera nthawi yomwe mankhwalawo akuwonekera komanso mlingo womwe umayendetsedwa zimadalira zinthu zambiri ndipo zimachitika palokha.

Chofunikira chachikulu ndicho kukwaniritsa chindapusa chambiri cha kagayidwe kazakudya.

Ndikofunikanso kukwaniritsa kufanana kwa zochita za mahomoni, popeza kusinthika kwakukulu kwa tsiku ndi tsiku mu magawo a glucose kumatha kuyambitsa zovuta zambiri.

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino

Ma jakisoni othandiza kwambiri m'mimba amachitidwa pafupipafupi kuposa ena, koma amamvera kwambiri. Ndikosavuta kuyika singano m'makhola pamimba, omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi mbali.

Pamaso pa jekeseni, khungu limakoka ndi dzanja lamanzere, ndipo singano imayilowetsedwa molunjika mu khola lopangidwira kapena pakati pake pafupi ndi 45 °. Kanikizani tsinde pang'onopang'ono komanso bwino. Pambuyo pobweretsa mankhwalawa mu chiwerengero cha "khumi", singano imachotsedwa mosamala.

Jakisoni m'manja ndiwosapweteka kwambiri, ndipo amasiya miyendo yake.

Chojambulira sichimachotsedwa mu botolo musanayimbe, chifukwa chimabooleredwa ndi singano.

Ngati insulini yapakatikati komanso yayitali imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikofunikira kuti mukupukutira botolo pakati pa manja kwa masekondi angapo.

Izi zimalola prolongator, yomwe imakonda kupendekera, kusakanikirana ndi insulin. Palinso gawo lina labwino la njirayi - Kutenthetsera kosavuta kwa mankhwalawa, chifukwa insulin yofunda ndiyosavuta kuyipeza.

Kugwiritsa ntchito syringe nthawi zambiri kumafuna thandizo lakunja, chifukwa siwense amene amapanga jakisoni wake. Cholembera cha syringe ndichopepuka pankhaniyi, chifukwa chimakupatsani mwayi wodzibayira pawebusayiti iliyonse.

Ndi njira iliyonse, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale mtunda pakati pa magawo awiri a 2 cm ndi nthawi ya masiku atatu kapena kupitilira apo.

Izi ndizofunikira, chifukwa ngati mumalandira insulin pamalo amodzi kwa masiku angapo motsatana, kufunikira kwake kwa zotsatira zake kumachepa.

Zotsatira za ntchito

Kuwona momwe insulini imagwirira ntchito, njira zitatu zoyambira zake zimatha kusiyanitsidwa.

Izi zimawonetsedwa pakupangitsa mphamvu ya maselo kuyamwa zinthu zofunika zambiri, kuphatikizapo shuga. Komanso, kuphatikizika kwambiri kwa glycogen kumayamba ndi kuwonjezeka kwa voliyumu yake ndipo glycogeneis imatsika, chifukwa chomwe kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumayendetsedwa, kulola kuti zikuwonetse kuti zikuwonekera.

Chifukwa cha anabolic zotsatira za insulin, mapuloteni biosynthesis, mayamwidwe amino acid ndi maselo, komanso kudya kwa magnesium ndi potaziyamu mkati mwake kumakulitsidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, shuga amawonongeka ndikusinthidwa kukhala triglycerides.

Mwa njira iyi, insulin imaletsa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni ndikuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwamafuta omwe amalowa m'magazi.

Kuphatikiza Mankhwala a Insulin

Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin yotsika mtengo sizowopsa ngati momwe zimakhalira ndi miyezo yapamwamba kwambiri.

Kuwonetsera kofala kwambiri ndi mtundu woyamba wa shuga, womwe umakhala ndi kutsika kwamisempha m'magazi, chifukwa chomwe munthu amamva ludzu mosalekeza, kukodza mwachangu, kutopa kwambiri, kufooka.

Type 1 shuga mellitus imachitika maselo a beta atawonongeka mu kapamba, ndipo ma antibodies awo kwa insulin opangidwa ndi thupi amawonongeka.

Mu zochizira, pazovomerezeka za dokotala, zakudya zomwe zingapangitse kutulutsa kwa insulin kwa mphamvu imodzi kapena yayikulu zimaphatikizidwira:

• nsomba zamafuta
• ng'ombe yopanda mafuta
• maswiti ena - caramel, chokoleti, makeke, ayisikilimu,
• mitundu ya mkaka - tchizi, yogati popanda zowonjezera, mkaka wonse,
• chimanga, buledi, pasitala, mpunga, oatmeal,
• zipatso - nthochi, mphesa, maapulo, malalanje.

Nthawi yomweyo, insulin yachilengedwe imatha kulimidwa m'munda wake womwe. Izi zikutanthauza chomera monga "dothi loumba" (Yerusalemu artichoke), momwe zomwe zili pamalowo zili pafupifupi 40%. Raw kapena yophika Yerusalemu artichoke, yomwe imapangitsanso kagayidwe, imapangitsa kuchepa kwa mavuto.

Panthaŵi inayake, kupezeka kwa insulin kunali chinthu chosintha.Koma ndikofunikira kuti anthu omwe, mwachilengedwe matendawa, azisinthasintha kuchuluka kwa shuga, aziganiza kuti ndizosavomerezeka kuyesa kudziwerengera pawokha mankhwalawa. Kuvomerezedwa ndikuchezera kwa katswiri, ndipo pambuyo pake kukhazikitsidwa kwa malingaliro ake onse kuti apitirize moyo wabwino.