Type 2 shuga > Matenda a shuga

Type 2 shuga (shuga osadalira insulini) ndi matenda a metabolic omwe amakhala ndi matenda oopsa a hyperglycemia, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuyanjana kwa insulin ndi maselo a minofu (WHO, 1999).

Type 2 matenda a shuga.
Chizindikiro Chovomerezedwa ndi UN: Gwirizanani ndi Matenda A shuga.
ICD-10	E 11 11.
ICD-10-KM	E11
ICD-9	250.00 250.00 , 250.02 250.02
Omim	125853
Diseasesdb	3661
Medlineplus	000313
eMedicine	nkhani / 117853
Mesh	D003924

Mu 1999, World Health Organisation idatchula mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga ngati matenda a metabolic omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kupindika kwa insulini kapena kuchepa kwa chidwi cha insulin (insulin kukana).

Mu 2009, pulofesa waku America, R. De Fronzo, kwa nthawi yoyamba, adafotokozera zojambula zomwe zinali ngati "octet" wowopsa pamankhwala ofunikira am'thupi omwe amatsogolera ku hyperglycemia. Zinadziwika kuti kuwonjezera pa insulin yolimbana ndi maselo a chiwindi, minofu yolimbana ndi β-cell, gawo lofunikira mu pathogeneis ya matenda a shuga 2 imaseweredwa ndi kuphwanya kwa mphamvu ya kuperewera, kuphatikiza kwa glucagon ndi ma cell a pancreatic, activation ya lipolysis ndi adipocytes, kuchuluka kwa aimpso komanso kubwezeretsanso mphamvu. kufala kwa neurotransmitter pamlingo wamkati wamanjenje. Chiwembu ichi, chomwe chinkawonetsa kusanthula kwa matendawa, mpaka posachedwapa, akuwonetsa bwino za malingaliro amakono pa matenda a shuga a mtundu 2. Komabe, mu 2016, gulu la asayansi, lotsogozedwa ndi a Stanley S. Schwartz, linaganiza mwanjira ina ya "kusintha", yowonjezeredwa ndi maulalo ena atatu pakupanga hyperglycemia: kutupa kwamakonzedwe, kusintha kwa zam'mimba m'matumbo microflora ndi kupangika kwa amylin. Chifukwa chake, mpaka pano, njira 11 zolumikizana zomwe zimayambitsa kupitilira kwa shuga ndizodziwika kale.

I. Mwa zovuta:

Mawonekedwe ofatsa (amadziwika ndi kuthekera kolipirira matendawa pokhapokha ngati amadya kapena chakudya kuphatikiza ndi kumwa piritsi limodzi lamankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Mwayi wopanga angiopathies ndi wotsika).
zolimbitsa zolimbitsa thupi (kubwezeretsa kwa kagayidwe kachakudya pamene mukumwa mapiritsi a 2-3 a mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Mwina kuphatikiza ndi gawo la ntchito yamavuto a mtima).
kwambiri Inde (kubwezeretsa kumatheka ndi kuphatikiza mapiritsi a mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndi insulin, kapena chithandizo chokhacho cha insulin. Pakadali pano, mawonekedwe owoneka mwamphamvu am'mimba amadziwika - gawo la organic la chitukuko cha retinopathy, nephropathy, angiopathy ya malekezero, encephalopathy, chiwonetsero chachikulu cha neuropathy chitha kupezeka).

II. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kobwezeretsa kagayidwe kazakudya:

gawo labwino
gawo logulika
kubweza gawo

III. Mwa kukhalapo kwa zovuta:

Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri ndi chifukwa cha kuphatikizidwa kwa majini komanso zinthu zina. Anthu ambiri odwala matendawa ndi onenepa kwambiri. Kunenepa kwambiri ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zoopsa zomwe zingayambitse matenda a shuga a 2. Mwa ana onenepa kwambiri, chiopsezo chotenga matenda amtundu wa 2 ndichokwera kanayi.

Kutsatira zakudya zopanda anthu ndi matenda opanda celiac kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a shuga a 2. Mapeto awa adapangidwa molingana ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku, zotsatira zake zidafalitsidwa patsamba la American Heart Association. Mwa anthu omwe amamwa kwambiri gluten tsiku lililonse, chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 pazaka 30 chinali chotsika kuposa omwe adalimbikitsa kudya zakudya zopanda gluten. Olemba ntchitoyi akuti anthu omwe amayesa kupewa gluten amadya zakudya zochepa zomwe zimakhala ndi michere yazakudya, zomwe zimakhala ndi zoteteza ku matenda ashuga a 2.

Yavumbulutsanso zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 polandila radiation yayikulu komanso kuipitsidwa kwa malo okhala.

Matenda a shuga a shuga amawonetsedwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi, kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya minofu yogwira ndikugwiritsa ntchito shuga, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa kulimbikitsa kwina mphamvu zamagetsi - ma amino acid ndi mafuta acids aulere.

Kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa osmotic kukakamira - osmotic diuresis imayamba (kuwonongeka kwa madzi ndi mchere kudzera mu impso), zomwe zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi (thupi) komanso kukula kwa kuchepa kwa sodium, potaziyamu, calcium ndi magnesium cations, phosphate ndi bicarbonate. Wodwala matenda ashuga amakhala ndi ludzu, polyuria (kukodzerera kawirikawiri), kufooka, kutopa, kufalikira kwamtundu wam'mimba ngakhale amamwa kwambiri madzi, kupindika kwa minofu, mtima wokhudzana ndi mtima, komanso mawonekedwe ena a kuchepa kwa electrolyte.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa glucose m'magazi ndi kwachilengedwenso kumathandizira kusakhala kwa enzymatic glycosylation wa mapuloteni ndi lipids, kukula kwake komwe kumagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga. Zotsatira zake, kugwira ntchito kwa mapuloteni ambiri ofunikira kumasokonezeka, ndipo chifukwa chake, masinthidwe angapo a pathological mu ziwalo zosiyanasiyana amakula.

Kuzindikira matenda a shuga 2:

Glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc ≥ 6.5%),
Kusala madzi a m'magazi (≥ 7 mmol / L),
Madzi a m'magazi a plasma pambuyo pa 2 h OGTT (mayeso a shuga a pakamwa) (≥ 11 mmol / l),
Madzi a m'magazi a plasma, omwe amadziwika mwadzidzidzi, zizindikiro za hyperglycemia kapena metabolism decompensation (≥11 mmol / L).

Zizindikiro Sinthani

W ludzu komanso mkamwa youma
Polyuria - kukodza kwambiri
Zodkozh
Kufooka kwathunthu ndi minofu
Kunenepa kwambiri
Kuvulala kwamabala ambiri

Matenda ashuga micro- ndi macroangiopathy - kuphwanya mtima kupezeka, kuchuluka kufalikira, kuchuluka kwa thrombosis, kukula kwa mtima atherosclerosis,

Dongosolo la matenda ashuga polyneuropathy - zotumphukira mitsempha polyneuritis, kupweteka pamodzi ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitsempha, paresis ndi ziwalo,

Matenda a shuga - matenda opatsirana, "kupindika", kuchepa kwa madzi, kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi okhathamiritsa ndi kukweza mamasukidwe ake,

Dongosolo la matenda ashuga ophthalmopathy - kukulira koyambirira kwa matenda amtundu wa khungu (mawonekedwe a mandala), retinopathy (zotupa zam'mimba),

Matenda a shuga - nephropathy - kuwonongeka kwa impso ndi mawonekedwe a mapuloteni ndi magazi mumkodzo, komanso ovuta kwambiri ndi glomerulosclerosis ndi kulephera kwaimpso,

Matenda ashuga encephalopathy - kusintha mu psyche ndi maganizo, kutengeka mtima kapena kukhumudwa, Zizindikiro za chapakati mantha dongosolo.

Mankhwalawa matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza zakudya, zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana.

Mankhwala omwe amachepetsa mayamwidwe am'matumbo m'matumbo ndi kaphatikizidwe kake m'chiwindi ndikuwonjezera chidwi cha minyewa pakuchitanso insulin:

greatuanides: metformin (Bagomet, Glformin, Glucofage, Diaformin, Insufor, Metamine, Metfogama, Siofor, Formmetin, Formin Pliva),
thiazolidinediones: rosiglitazone (Avandia), pioglitazone (Actos).

Mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa katemera wa insulin:

Odalira glucose:

Kukonzekera kwa zoletsa za DPP-4: vildagliptin (Galvus, Galvus Met), sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin.

Glucose-wodziyimira:

Kukonzekera kwa mibadwo yachiwiri: glibenclamide (Maninil), glyclazide (Diabeteson MV), glimepiride (Amaryl, Diamerid, Glemaz, Glimaks, Glimepiride), glycidone (Glyurenorm), glipizide (Glybinez-retard),
nesulfanylurea zachinsinsi: repaglinide (Diaglinide, Novonorm), nateglinide (Starlix).

Zoletsa za cy-glycosidase (acarbose) zimalepheretsa michere ya m'matumbo kuti isungunuke minyewa yambiri, motero imachepetsa kuyamwa kwa glucose m'matumbo am'mimba.

Fenofibrate ndi activator wa nyukiliya alpha receptors. Imathandizira zolandilira mu chiwindi ndi matenda a lipid kagayidwe, kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa atherosulinosis m'mitsempha ya mtima. Chifukwa cha kukondoweza kwa ma receptor a nyukiliya m'maselo am'mitsempha, amachepetsa kutupa mu mtima, amasintha ma microcirculation, omwe amawonetsedwa pang'onopang'ono pakukula kwa retinopathy (kuphatikizapo kuchepa kwa kufunika kwa laser Photocoagulation), nephropathy, polyneuropathy. Imachepetsa zomwe zimapanga uric acid, womwe ndi mwayi wina wowonjezera wa shuga ndi gout.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa komanso magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo

Asayansi sangathebe kudziwa chifukwa chomwe maselo aumunthu ndi minyewa sizimayankha mokwanira popanga insulin. Komabe, chifukwa cha maphunziro ambiri, adatha kuzindikira zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wopezeka ndi matendawa:

Kuphwanya maziko a maholomo mutha msinkhu, komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kukula kwa mahomoni.
Kunenepa kwambiri, komwe kumapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi komanso kuyika kwa cholesterol pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi, ndikupangitsa matenda a atherosulinosis.
Jenda ya munthu. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti azimayi amatha kukhala ndi matenda ashuga a 2.
Mtundu. Matenda a shuga a Type 2 atsimikiziridwa kuti ali ochulukirapo 30% mu mpikisano wakuda.
Khalidweli. Ngati makolo onse ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2, ndiye kuti mwina atakhala ndi 60-70% adzakula mwa mwana wawo. Amapasa mu 58-65% milandu, matendawa amakula nthawi imodzi, amapasa mu 16-30% milandu.
Kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi ndi matenda enaake, hemochromatosis, etc.
Zovuta za maselo a pancreatic beta.
Mankhwala okhala ndi beta-blockers, antipsychotic atypical, glucocorticoids, thiazides, etc.
Nthawi yobereka mwana. Panthawi yapakati, minofu yathupi imakhudzidwa ndimapangidwe a insulin. Matendawa amatchedwa matenda a shuga, mwana akangobadwa amachoka, nthawi zina amayamba kudwala matenda ashuga amitundu iwiri.
Zizolowezi zoyipa - kusuta fodya, moledzera.
Zakudya zopanda pake.
Moyo wopanda ntchito.

Gulu lowopsa lachitukuko cha matendawa limaphatikizapo anthu:

ndi cholowa chamtsogolo
onenepa
kumwa ma glucocorticoids pafupipafupi,
ndikupanga makatoni,
akudwala matenda - Itsenko-Cushing (chotupa cha adrenal gland) ndi zotupa za patomegaly (pituitary gland),
akudwala atherosclerosis, angina pectoris, matenda oopsa,
ndi matenda a mziwopsezo, mwachitsanzo, eczema, neurodermatitis, etc.,
ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, chifukwa cha vuto la mtima, sitiroko, matenda kapena pakati,

Gulu la oopsawo limaphatikizapo azimayi omwe anali ndi vuto la kubereka m'mimba kapena kulemera kwa mwana pobereka zoposa 4 kg.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a 2

Ndi chitukuko cha matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2, Zizindikiro ndi chithandizo chake ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 1. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga 2 zimawonekera pakangotha miyezi yochepa, ndipo nthawi zina patadutsa zaka zochepa (mtundu wotsika wa matendawa).

Poona koyamba, zisonyezo za matenda amitundu iwiri sizosiyana ndi matenda amtundu 1. Komabe pali kusiyana. Nthawi yomwe munthu akupanga matenda a shuga a 2, zizindikilo:

Ludzu lalikulu, kufunitsitsa kosalekeza kosowa. Kuwonetsedwa kwa zizindikiro zotere kumalumikizidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa katundu pa impso, zomwe zimayenera kuchotsa thupi la shuga kwambiri. Popeza alibe madzi chifukwa cha njirayi, amayamba kutulutsa madzimadzi kuchokera ku minofu.
Kutopa, kukwiya, chizungulire. Popeza glucose ndi zida zamagetsi, kusowa kwake kumayambitsa kusowa mphamvu m'maselo ndi minofu ya thupi. Chizungulire chikugwirizana ndi ntchito ya ubongo, woyamba kuvutika ndi osakwanira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Zowonongeka zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matendawa - matenda ashuga retinopathy. Kuphwanya kachitidwe pakugwiritsira ntchito mitsempha yamagazi m'mitsempha yamaso kumachitika, chifukwa chake, ngati mawanga akuda ndi zofooka zina zikuwoneka m'chithunzichi, muyenera kufunsa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
Njala, ngakhale mutadya chakudya chochuluka.
Kuuma pakamwa.
Kuchepa kwamisempha.
Khungu loyera ndi zotupa.

Popeza matendawa amakhala nthawi yayitali, matendawa amatha kukulirakulira.

Odwala amatha kudandaula za matenda a matenda amtundu wa 2, monga matenda yisiti, kupweteka ndi kutupa miyendo, dzanzi la miyendo, ndikuchira kwa nthawi yayitali.

Zotheka zotheka pakukula kwa matendawa

Mavuto osiyanasiyana amayamba chifukwa cholephera kupeza zakudya zoyenera, zizolowezi zoipa, moyo wopanda ntchito, matenda osadziwika bwino komanso chithandizo chamankhwala. Wodwala atha kudwala matenda obwera chifukwa cha matenda a 2:

Matendawa odwala matenda ashuga (hypersmolar), ofuna kuchipatala mwachangu komanso kupatsanso chiyembekezo.
Hypoglycemia - kuchepa kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi.
Polyneuropathy ndikusokonekera kwamphamvu kwamiyendo ndi manja chifukwa chofooka chogwira ntchito kumapeto kwa mitsempha ndi mitsempha yamagazi.
Retinopathy ndimatenda omwe amakhudza retina ndipo amatsogolera pakuwonongeka kwake.
Fuluwenza pafupipafupi kapena SARS chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chitetezo chamthupi.
Matenda a Periodontal ndi matenda a chingamu omwe amachitika chifukwa cha kukanika kwa mtima ndi kagayidwe kazakudya.
Kupezeka kwa zilonda zam'mimba chifukwa cha kuchiritsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali mabala ndi zipsera.
Kuchepa kwa Erectile mwa amuna, komwe kumachitika zaka 15 m'mbuyomu kuposa anzawo. Kuthekera kwa kupezeka kwake kumachokera pa 20 mpaka 85%.

Kutengera ndi zomwe tafotokozazi, zikuwonekeratu chifukwa chake mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga uyenera kuzindikirika mofulumira.

Kuzindikira matendawa

Kuti muwone kukhalapo kapena kusowa kwa mtundu 2 wa matenda a shuga, muyenera kudutsa mayesowo kangapo - kuyesa kwa glucose kapena kuphunzira kwa plasma pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kuwunikira nthawi imodzi sikungawonetse zotsatira zoyenera. Nthawi zina munthu amatha kudya maswiti ambiri kapena kukhala wamanjenje, ndiye kuti shuga imakwera. Koma izi sizingafanane ndikukula kwa matendawa.

Kuyesedwa kwa glucose kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kumwa madzi (300 ml), mutasungunuka kale shuga mkati mwake (75 g). Pambuyo maola 2, kusanthula kumaperekedwa, ngati mungapeze zotsatira zoposa 11.1 mmol / l, mutha kulankhula za matenda ashuga.

Kafukufuku wa m'magazi a plasma akuwonetsa kukula kwa hyper- ndi hypoglycemia. Kusanthula kumapangidwira m'mimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa. Mukapeza zotsatira, momwe zimakhalira mwa achikulire zimawerengedwa kuti ndizofunikira kuchokera 3.9 mpaka 5.5 mmol / L, boma lapakatikati (prediabetes) - kuyambira 5.6 mpaka 6.9 mmol / L, shuga mellitus - kuyambira 7 mmol / L kapena kupitilira.

Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 ali ndi chida chapadera chodziwira shuga - glucometer. Mlingo wa glucose uyenera kutsimikizika katatu patsiku (m'mawa, ola limodzi mutatha kudya ndi madzulo).

Musanagwiritse ntchito, muyenera kuwerenga mosamala malangizo omwe aphatikizidwa.

Malangizo othandizira odwala matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga

Musanamwe mankhwala, muyenera kusintha moyo wanu.

Dokotala yemwe amapezekapo nthawi zambiri amafotokoza njira yothandizira, pozindikira momwe wodwalayo alili.

A matenda monga matenda a shuga mellitus 4 mfundo zoyenera zomwe zimayenera kuchitika pakumwa. Izi ndi izi:

Zakudya zoyenera. Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, adokotala amatipatsa zakudya zapadera. Nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo masamba ndi zipatso, zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi fiber ndi ma carbohydrate ovuta. Tiyenera kusiya maswiti, makeke, zinthu zophika mkate ndi nyama yofiira.
Kuphatikiza pakupumula komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.Moyo wokangalika ndi panacea, makamaka kwa matenda ashuga. Mutha kuchita yoga, kuthamangira m'mawa kapena kungoyenda.
Kumwa mankhwala antidiabetes. Odwala ena amatha kuchita popanda kumwa mankhwala, kuwonetsetsa kuti adya zakudya zapadera komanso kukhala ndi zochita zambiri. Mankhwala odzipatsa okha saloledwa, ndi dokotala yekhayo amene angakupatseni mankhwala ena, kuwonetsa mlingo woyenera.
Kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga, wodwalayo amatha kupewa hypo - kapena hyperglycemia.

Kungowona zofunika izi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kumakhala kothandiza, ndipo mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo ukupita bwino.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Ndi matenda a shuga a 2, odwala ambiri akudabwa kuti ndi mankhwala ati omwe amayenera kumwa. Masiku ano, pochiza matenda a shuga, mankhwala amakono apita patsogolo. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti simungathe kudzichitira nokha mankhwala. Dokotala atha kukulembera:

Mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa kupanga insulin - Diabeteson, Amaril, Tolbutamide, Novonorm, Glipizid. Ambiri achinyamata ndi okhwima nthawi zambiri amalolera ndalamazi, koma kuwunika kwa anthu okalamba sikwabwino. Nthawi zina, mankhwalawa amachokera ku matendawa amatha kuyambitsa ziwengo ndi adrenal gland.
Wothandizirana yemwe amachepetsa kuyamwa kwa shuga m'matumbo. Piritsi lililonse la mankhwalawa lili ndi mankhwala - metformin. Izi zikuphatikiza Gliformin, Insufor, Fomu Pliva, Diaformin. Kuchita kwa mankhwalawa ndikulimbikitsa kukhazikika kwa shuga mu chiwindi ndikuwonjezera chidwi cha minofu kuti insulin.
Glycosidase inhibitors, omwe amaphatikizapo acarbose. Mankhwalawa amakhudza ma enzyme omwe amathandizira kuthana ndi zovuta za m'magazi kuti azikhala ndi glucose, kuwaletsa. Zotsatira zake, njira za mayamwidwe za glucose zimalephereka.
Fenofibrate ndi mankhwala omwe amathandizira alpha receptors kuti achepetse kupita patsogolo kwa atherosulinosis. Mankhwalawa amalimbitsa makoma amitsempha yamagazi, amasintha kayendedwe ka magazi ndikuletsa kupezeka kwa zovuta zazikulu monga retinopathy ndi nephropathy.

Popita nthawi, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mankhwalawa kumachepa. Chifukwa chake, adotolo amatha kupatsa mankhwala mankhwala a insulin.

Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri amatha kubweretsa zovuta zambiri, chifukwa chake insulin imalamulidwa kulipiritsa shuga.

Zithandizo za anthu a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri

Chithandizo cha mankhwala pachikhalidwe cha matenda a shuga 2 chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi njira yayikulu yothandizira.

Zimalimbitsa chitetezo cha wodwalayo ndipo sizikhala ndi mavuto.

Njira zotsatirazi zingakuthandizeni kukhazikitsa zomwe mumapanga:

Kulowetsedwa kwa khungwa la aspen ndi njira yothandiza pakatikati pa matenda a shuga. M'madzi otentha (0,5 l) ponyani supuni ya khungwa, wiritsani kwa mphindi 15 ndikuzizirira. Decoction wotere ayenera kumwedwa 50 ml musanadye katatu patsiku.
"Chakumwa chapadera cha odwala matenda ashuga", chotsimikiziridwa ndi mibadwo yambiri. Kuti mukonzekere, muyenera masamba owuma a mabulosi abulu, masamba a nyemba ndi mizu ya burdock, 15 mg iliyonse. Sakanizani zosakaniza zonse ndi kuthira madzi otentha, kusiya kwa pafupifupi maola 10. A decoction amamwa katatu patsiku kwa makapu 0,5. Njira ya mankhwala ndi mwezi umodzi, ndiye kuti kupuma kumapangidwa kwa masabata awiri.
Cinnamon decoction ndimankhwala abwino kwambiri amtundu wa shuga wachiwiri, omwe amasintha chidwi cha maselo kuti apange insulin komanso amachotsa kutupa m'thupi. Kukonzekera kulowetsedwa, kuthira madzi otentha supuni ya sinamoni, kunena kwa theka la ola, ndiye kuwonjezera supuni ziwiri za uchi ndikusakaniza bwino. Mankhwalawa agawidwe pawiri - m'mawa ndi madzulo. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito kefir ndi sinamoni kuti muchepetse shuga.

Kuti mumvetsetse momwe matenda a shuga amathandizidwira, mutha kuwona chithunzi ndi kanema yemwe amafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za matenda amtundu wa 2.

Mpaka pano, mankhwala amakono samapereka yankho ku funso loti mtundu wa 2 wodwala angachiritsidwe bwanji kuti athetse. Tsoka ilo, uku ndikudziwitsa za moyo. Koma kudziwa mtundu wa matenda a shuga a 2, mawonekedwe ake ndi chithandizo chake, mutha kukhala ndi moyo wathunthu.

Katswiri mu kanema mu nkhani iyi azikambirana za mankhwalawa komanso chithandizo cha matenda ashuga a mtundu 2.

Zolemba zaukadaulo wazachipatala

Matenda omwe amayambitsidwa ndi kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kachakudya mkati mwa thupi ndikuwonetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, amatchedwa shuga osadalira insulini, kapena matenda a shuga a 2. Izi matenda amapezeka poyankha kusokonezeka mu kulumikizana kwa minyewa yam'maselo ndi insulin.

Kusiyana pakati pa matendawa ndi matenda ashuga wamba ndikuti kwa ife, chithandizo cha insulin si njira yayikulu yothandizira.

, , , , , , , , , , , , ,

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda A shuga A Type 2

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga a mtundu 2 sizinayambikebe. Akatswiri asayansi apadziko lonse omwe akuchita kafukufuku pamutuwu akuwonetsa mawonekedwe a matendawa ndikuphwanya chidwi chake komanso kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimapezeka m'maselo a insulin: receptors akupitilizabe kuyankha ku insulin, koma kuchepa kwa chiwerengero chawo kumachepetsa mtundu wa izi. Kuphwanya kapangidwe ka insulin sikumachitika, koma kuthekera kwa maselo kulumikizana ndi timadzi ta kapamba ndikuwonetsetsa kuti shuga yatha.

Zina zomwe zingapangitse matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri azindikiritsidwa:

Chiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2 ndichokwera kwambiri pakutha msinkhu mwa achinyamata chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mahomoni.
malinga ndi ziwerengero, azimayi amatha kukhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin kuposa amuna,
Nthawi zambiri matendawa amapezeka mwa oyimira mu mtundu waku Africa American,
Anthu onenepa kwambiri amakonda kwambiri matenda ashuga.

Nthawi zina matendawa amatha kuonedwa mwa abale apamtima, komabe, umboni wowoneka bwino wa cholowa cha matendawa sulandilidwe pano.

, , , , , , ,

Kuphatikiza pa zinthu zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matenda ashuga a mtundu wa 2 akhale nawo, gawo lalikulu mu matenda a matenda amachitika ndi zizolowezi zolakwika: kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kudya kwambiri, kusuta fodya, ndi zina zotere. Mowa ungapangitse kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya kapamba, kuletsa kutulutsa insulin ndikuwonjezera chidwi chake, kusokoneza njira zama metabolic, komanso kumapangitsa kuti chiwindi chisagwire ntchito ndi impso.

Zakhala zikuwonetsedwa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lauchidakwa, kapamba amachepetsa kwambiri, ndipo ma cell a beta omwe amapanga timadzi tating'onoting'ono timakhala tambiri.

Kutha kwa ethanol kutsitsa glucose wamagazi ndizowopsa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, 20% ya milandu ya hypoglycemic coma imachitika chifukwa chomwa mowa.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, kuchuluka kwa matendawa kumadalira mlingo womwe mowa umamwa. Chifukwa chake, mukamamwa mowa wochepa (6-48 g patsiku), chiopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga chimachepa, ndipo mukamamwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa zoposa 69 g patsiku, mmalo mwake, zimawonjezeka.

Mwachidule, akatswiri adazindikira kuchuluka kwa kumwa kwa prophylactic:

vodika 40 ° - 50 g / tsiku,
Vinyo wouma ndi wopanda theka - 150 ml / tsiku,
mowa - 300 ml / tsiku.

Vinyo wopaka mchere, champagne, zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi ndi zakumwa zina zokhala ndi shuga ndizoletsedwa.

Odwala omwe amalandira insulin ayenera kuchepetsa mlingo wake atamwa mowa.

Mu gawo lawola, kugwiritsa ntchito zakumwa zoledzeretsa zilizonse zimaphatikizidwa.

Sikulimbikitsidwa kumwa mowa pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Mowa ndi bwino kusankha mitundu yopepuka yokhala ndi digiri yotsika ya mowa.

Mukamwa mowa, simuyenera kupita kukagona osadya. Kuchokera kuchepa kwambiri kwa shuga, hypoglycemic coma imatha kuchitika ngakhale mutagona.

Mowa ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga ungaphatikizidwe m'njira, koma taganizirani ngati izi ndizofunikira?

, , , , , ,

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a Type 2

Zowunikira zazikulu zomwe zikuwonetsa chitukuko cha matenda a shuga a 2 ndi:

kufuna kumwa nthawi zonse,
kukodza pafupipafupi,
Kulakalaka kwanyanja
amatanthauza kusinthasintha kwamanja m'thupi lililonse,
kumva kuti watopa komanso watopa.

Zizindikiro zachiwiri zikuphatikiza:

chitetezo chofooka, pafupipafupi matenda opatsirana,
kusokonezeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa miyendo, pruritus,
kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe
Kupangidwa kwa zilonda zakunja ndi kukokoloka, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuchiritsa.

Matenda a shuga a Type 2 amatha kuchitika mosiyanasiyana:

digiri yofatsa - ndikotheka kusintha mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo ndikusintha mfundo za zakudya, kapena pogwiritsa ntchito kapisozi imodzi ya othandizira kuchepetsa shuga patsiku,
digiri yapakatikati - kusintha kumachitika mukamagwiritsa ntchito kapisozi awiri kapena atatu a mankhwala ochepetsa shuga patsiku,
mawonekedwe owopsa - kuwonjezera pa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, muyenera kusankha pakukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin.

Kutengera kuthekera kwa thupi kulipirira zovuta za carbohydrate metabolism, pali magawo atatu:

Gawo lakulipira (kusintha).
Gawo lachigawo (chosinthika pang'ono).
Gawo la kuwonongeka (mavuto osasintha a kagayidwe kazakudya).

, , , ,

Mavuto ndi zotsatirapo zake

Mitsempha yama mtima imakonda kwambiri zovuta za matenda ashuga a 2. Kuphatikiza pa mtima wa mtima, zizindikiro zina zingapo zimatha kukhazikika: kuchepa tsitsi, khungu louma, kuwonongeka kwa misomali, kuchepa magazi komanso thrombocytopenia.

Mwa zovuta zazikulu za matenda ashuga, zotsatirazi ziyenera kufotokozedwa:

kupita patsogolo kwa atherosulinosis, kuchititsa kuphwanya magazi, komanso miyendo ndi minyewa yaubongo,
sitiroko
kuwonongeka kwaimpso,
kuwonongeka kwa retina
kusintha kwa minyewa ndi minyewa yamitsempha,
kukokoloka ndi zilonda zam'munsi,
matenda opatsirana (matenda a bacteria ndi fungal omwe ndizovuta kuchiza),
hypoglycemic kapena hyperglycemic chikomokere.

, , , , ,

Zotsatira zake

Chifukwa chakuti njira zochizira matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri zimayesedwa kuti tilephere kubwezera kapena kubwezera chipukutiro, tidzidziwitsa bwino za malingaliro ofunikira kuti tiwone zotsatira zake.

Ngati wodwalayo ali ndi shuga pamlingo wocheperako, koma palibe zovuta, ndiye kuti thupi limatha kulimbana ndi vuto la kudya kagayidwe kazakudya.

Ngati mulingo wa shuga ndiwokwera kwambiri kuposa momwe zinthu zovomerezeka zimakhalira, ndipo chizolowezi chakukula kwa zovuta chikuwoneka bwino, ndiye kuti izi zikuchitika: thupi silingapirire popanda thandizo lakuchipatala.

Palinso mtundu wachitatu, wapakatikati wamaphunzirowo: boma la zopereka. Pakulekana molondola ndi malingaliro awa, timagwiritsa ntchito chiwembu chotsatira.

, , , , , , , , ,

Malipiro a matenda ashuga amtundu 2

shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu - mpaka 6.7 mmol / l,
shuga kwa maola awiri mutatha kudya - mpaka 8.9 mmol / l,
cholesterol - mpaka 5.2 mmol / l,
kuchuluka kwa shuga mu mkodzo ndi 0%,
Kulemera kwa thupi - pamlingo woyenera (ngati kuwerengeredwa malinga ndi kakhazikidwe ka "kukula kokula 100"),
Zizindikiro za kuthamanga kwa magazi - osapitirira 140/90 mm RT. Art.

, , , , , , , , ,

Kulipira mtundu wa matenda ashuga a 2

shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu - mpaka 7.8 mmol / l,
shuga kwa maola 2 mutatha kudya - mpaka 10,0 mmol / l,
Zizindikiro za cholesterol - mpaka 6.5 mmol / l,
kuchuluka kwa shuga mu mkodzo ndizochepa kuposa 0.5%,
Kulemera kwa thupi - kuchuluka ndi 10-20%,
Zizindikiro za kuthamanga kwa magazi - zosaposa 160/95 mm RT. Art.

Matenda a 2 a shuga

shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu - oposa 7.8 mmol / l,
shuga pambuyo chakudya - oposa 10,0 mmol / l,
Zizindikiro za cholesterol - oposa 6.5 mmol / l,
kuchuluka kwa shuga mkodzo woposa 0.5%,
Kulemera kwa thupi - zopitilira 20%,
Zizindikiro za kuthamanga kwa magazi - kuyambira 160/95 ndi pamwamba.

Pofuna kuteteza kusinthaku kukhala kovomerezeka kupita ku dziko lotetezedwa, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito bwino njira zowongolera. Tikulankhula za mayeso pafupipafupi, kunyumba ndi ku labotale.

Kusankha koyenera ndikuwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga kangapo patsiku: m'mawa m'mimba yopanda kanthu, mukatha kudya kadzutsa, nkhomaliro komanso chakudya chamadzulo, komanso musanayambe kugona. Chiwerengero chocheperako ndimamawa m'mawa asanadye chakudya cham'mawa ndipo nthawi yomweyo asanakagone.

Kupezeka kwa shuga ndi acetone pamayeso amkodzo kumalimbikitsidwa kuyang'aniridwa kamodzi sabata iliyonse. Ndi boma lowumbidwa - nthawi zambiri.

Ndikotheka kupewa zovuta za matenda amtundu wa 2 ngati malangizo a dokotala amatsatiridwa mosamalitsa.

Ndi matenda a shuga, mutha kukhala ndi moyo wonse ngati mumatsatira malamulo apadera okhudzana ndi zakudya komanso moyo, komanso kumwa mankhwala omwe dokotala wakulemberani, akungotsatira njira zamankhwala.

Yang'anirani bwino momwe muliri

, , , , , , , ,

Kuzindikira Matenda A shuga A Type 2

Zizindikiro zamatenda a matenda am'mimba zimatha kubweretsa kale lingaliro loti munthu ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Komabe, izi sizokwanira kutsimikizira za matendawa;

Ntchito yayikulu yodziwitsa za matenda amtunduwu ndikuwona kuphwanya kwamphamvu kwa β-cell: uku ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga musanadye komanso chakudya, kupezeka kwa acetone mu mkodzo, zina. Nthawi zina kuyesedwa kwa labotale kungakhale kwabwino ngakhale pakalibe zizindikiro zamankhwala zamatenda: nthawi zotere, amalankhula zakale kuzindikira kwa matenda ashuga.

Magawo a shuga a Serum amatha kutsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito openda okhazikika, magwiridwe oyesera, kapena mita yamagazi. Mwa njira, malingana ndi muyezo wa World Health Organisation, ngati zizindikiro za shuga m'magazi, kawiri, pamasiku osiyanasiyana, ndizoposa 7.8 mmol / lita, kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga kungachitike ngati kumatsimikiziridwa. Kwa akatswiri aku America, zikhalidwe ndizosiyana pang'ono: apa amadzakhazikitsa matenda omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zoposa 7 mmol / lita.

Njira yodalirika yoyeserera glucose ya maola awiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukayikira zakuzindikira. Kodi zimachitika bwanji:

kwa masiku atatu isanachitike phunzirolo, wodwalayo amalandira chakudya chopatsa mphamvu cha 200 ga patsiku, ndipo mutha kumwa madzi (opanda shuga) popanda zoletsa,
kuyezetsa kumachitika m'mimba yopanda kanthu, ndipo maola pafupifupi khumi adadutsa chakudya chomaliza,
magazi atha kutenga mtsempha kapena chala,
wodwala amafunsidwa kuti atenge njira yothetsera shuga (75 g pa kapu imodzi yamadzi),
kuyeretsa magazi kumachitika nthawi 5: choyamba - musanagwiritse ntchito shuga, komanso theka la ola, ola, ola ndi theka ndi maola awiri mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito yankho.

Nthawi zina kafukufuku wotere amachepetsedwa ndikupanga zitsanzo zamagazi pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso maola awiri atatha kugwiritsa ntchito shuga, ndiko kuti, kawiri kokha.

Kuyesa kwa mkodzo kwa shuga sikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni kuzindikira matenda a shuga, popeza kuchuluka kwa shuga mumkodzo sikugwirizana nthawi zonse ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga mu seramu yamagazi. Kuphatikiza apo, shuga mumkodzo amatha kuwoneka pazifukwa zina.

Udindo wina ukhoza kuseweredwa ndimayeso amkodzo pakuwonekera kwa matupi a ketone.

Kodi wodwala ayenera kuchita chiyani popanda kulephera, kuwonjezera pakulamulira magazi? Tsatirani kuthamanga kwa magazi ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi mumakayezetsa magazi ake.Zizindikiro zonse kwathunthu zimatha kuwonetsa kukhalapo kapena kusakhalapo kwa matendawa, komanso mtundu wa chiphuphu chazomwe zimayambira matenda.

Kuyesedwa kwa matenda ashuga a 2 kumatha kuchitika limodzi ndi zida zowunika zomwe zimapatsa mwayi kuzindikira kukula kwa zovuta. Pachifukwa ichi, wodwalayo akulimbikitsidwa kuti achotse ECG, excretory urography, mayeso a fundus.

, , , , , , , , ,

Chithandizo cha Matenda A shuga A Type 2

Mu gawo loyambirira la matendawo, nthawi zina zimakhala zokwanira kutsatira malamulo azakudya ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mwapadera popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Ndikofunikira kubwezeretsa kulemera kwa thupi kukhala kwazonse, izi zikuthandizira kubwezeretsa kagayidwe kazakudya komanso kupangitsa shuga kukhala m'malo abwino.

Chithandizo cha magawo azotsatira za matenda amafunikira kusankha mankhwala.

Odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhala mankhwala opatsirana kuti agwiritse ntchito mkati. Kulandila kwa mankhwalawa kumachitika kamodzi pa tsiku. Kutengera ndi kuopsa kwa vutoli, dokotala sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amodzi, koma kuphatikiza kwa mankhwalawa.

Mankhwala odziwika kwambiri a antiidiabetes:

tolbutamide (pramidex) - amatha kuchitapo kanthu kapamba, kuchititsa kubisika kwa insulin. Oyenera kwambiri kwa okalamba odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la shuga. Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zingakhalepo zimaphatikizaponso kugunda kwa thupi ndi kanthawi kochepa.
glipizide - ogwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala pochiza odwala okalamba, ofooka komanso operewera, osakwanira pantchito ya adrenal ndi pituitary,
mannil - imakulitsa chidwi cha zolandilira zomwe zimazindikira insulin. Kuchulukitsa kwa kupanga pancreatic insulin. Mankhwala ayenera kuyamba ndi piritsi limodzi, ngati kuli kotheka, kuonjezera mlingo,
metformin - siyikukhudza kuchuluka kwa insulin mthupi, koma imatha kusintha ma pharmacodynamics pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulini yomasuka. Nthawi zambiri zotchulidwa odwala onenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto laimpso,
acarbose - amalepheretsa chimbudzi ndi mayamwidwe am'mimba m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono ndipo, motere, amachepetsa kuwonjezeka kwa ndende ya magazi pambuyo pakupeza chakudya chamafuta. Mankhwala sayenera kuperekedwa chifukwa cha matendawa.
Kukonzekera kwa magnesium - kulimbikitsa kupanga kwa insulin ndi kapamba, kukhazikitsa shuga mu thupi.

Kuphatikiza kwa mankhwala kumaloledwa, mwachitsanzo:

kugwiritsa ntchito kwa metmorphine ndi glipizide,
kugwiritsa ntchito metamorphine ndi insulin,
kuphatikiza kwa metamorphine ndi thiazolidinedione kapena nateglinide.

Tsoka ilo, mwa ambiri mwa odwala matenda a shuga 2, mankhwalawa pamwambapa amatha mphamvu. Zikatero, muyenera kusintha kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama za insulin.

Insulin ya 2 mtundu wa mellitus imatha kutumikiridwa kwakanthawi (kwa zovuta zina zopweteka) kapena pafupipafupi, pamene chithandizo chamankhwala cham'mbuyomu chamtunduwu sichitha.

Inde, chithandizo cha insulin chiyenera kuyambika pokhapokha ngati dokotala akupatsani mankhwala. Adzasankha Mlingo woyenera ndikukonzekera mtundu wa mankhwalawa.

Insulin ikhoza kuperekedwa kuti izithandizira kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi momwe mungathere kuti muchepetse kukula kwa zovuta za matenda. M'malo omwe adokotala amatha kusamutsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kupita ku insulin mankhwala:

ndi kuchepa msanga kwa thupi,
ndi chitukuko chowonekera cha matendawa.
osakwanira chipukuta misozi chazomwe zimachitika ndimankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga.

Kukonzekera kwa insulin kumatsimikiziridwa ndi adokotala. Izi zimatha kukhala mwachangu, pakati komanso pena insulin yotalikilapo, yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi jekeseni wa subcutaneous molingana ndi ndondomeko yothandizira yomwe akufuna.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi

Cholinga cha masewera olimbitsa thupi mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri ndikuthandizira kukhazikika kwa shuga m'magazi, kukhazikitsa zochita za insulin, kukonza magwiridwe antchito amtima komanso kupuma, komanso kulimbikitsa kugwira ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi chitetezo chabwino kwambiri cha mtima.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zitha kuperekedwa kwa mitundu yonse ya matenda ashuga. Ndi chitukuko cha matenda a mtima kapena matenda a mtima ndi matenda ashuga, olimbitsa thupi amasintha, atapatsidwa matendawa.

Zoyipa zolimbitsa thupi zingaphatikizeponso:

shuga wambiri (oposa 16.5 mmol / lita),
mkodzo acetone
dziko labwino.

Masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe ali odwala omwe ali pakama, koma osagwirizana ndi kuwonongeka kwawo, amachitika m'malo apamwamba. Odwala omwe atsala amachita makalasi akuimirira kapena atakhala.

Makalasi amayamba ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi a minofu ya kumtunda komanso yotsika komanso yopanda kulemera. Ndiye kulumikizani makalasi pogwiritsa ntchito kukana ndi kulemera, pogwiritsa ntchito chowonjezera, ma dumbbells (mpaka 2 kg) kapena mpira wolimba.

Zabwino zimawonedwa kuchokera pakupuma masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kuyenda woyenda, kuyenda panjinga, kupalasa njinga, ntchito zamadziwe, ndikusewera ulandilanso ndiolandilidwa.

Ndikofunikira kuti wodwalayo, yemwe akuchita maphunziro akuthupi payekha, alabadire momwe alili. Ndi chitukuko cha kumva kumva njala, kufooka mwadzidzidzi, kunjenjemera miyendo, muyenera kumaliza masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikuonetsetsa kuti mudya. Pambuyo pakukula, tsiku lotsatira limaloledwa kuyambiranso makalasi, komabe, kuchepetsa pang'ono katundu.

, , , , , , , ,

Ngakhale akumamwa mankhwala a shuga, njira yodalirika yoperekera shuga ndiyofunika. Nthawi zina mitundu yofatsa yamatendawa imatha kumangoletsedwa ndi chakudya, osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Pakati pa matebulo odziwika bwino, zakudya zamtundu wa 2 shuga zimafotokozedwa ngati chakudya No. 9. Mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa pachakudyachi ndi cholinga chobwezeretsanso matenda a metabolic mthupi.

Chakudya cha matenda a shuga a 2 chiyenera kukhala chokwanira komanso kuganizira kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi za tsiku ndi tsiku zimatengera kulemera kwa thupi:

kulemera kwabwino - kuyambira 1600 mpaka 2500 kcal,
kunenepa kwambiri - kuyambira 1300 mpaka 1500 kcal,
kunenepa kwambiri kwa digiri ya II-III - kuchokera pa 1000 mpaka 1200 kcal,
IV degree kunenepa - kuchokera 600 mpaka 900 kcal.

Koma sungakhale wochepetsa nthawi zonse pama calories. Mwachitsanzo, ndimatenda a impso, arrhythmias yayikulu, matenda amisempha, gout, matenda akulu a chiwindi, chakudya chiyenera kukhala chopatsa thanzi.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusiya michere yachangu, kuchepetsa kudya ndi mafuta ambiri.

, , , , , , , , ,

Kupewa

Kupewa kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 kumakhazikitsidwa pamakhalidwe azakudya zabwino. Kudya chakudya choyenera kumakhala ngati prophylaxis osati kokha kwa matenda ashuga, komanso kumatenda amitundu yonse. Kupatula apo, zakudya zamagulu ambiri amakono ndizovuta kulingalira popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zachangu, zakudya zosavuta, zakudya zomwe zimasungidwa kwambiri, kupaka utoto ndi mankhwala ena komanso mashuga ofulumira. Njira zodzitetezera ziyenera kukhala ndi cholinga chochepetsa, makamaka kuchotsera zakudya zathu zamitundu yonse zopanda zakudya.

Kuphatikiza pazakudya, chisamaliro chikuyenera kulipidwa mpaka pamlingo wolimbitsa thupi. Ngati olimbitsa thupi kapena olimbitsa thupi sakhala anu, yesani kudzisankhira nokha katundu wina: kuyenda ndikuyenda njinga, kusambira, tennis, kuthamanga m'mawa, kuvina, ndi zina. Ndikofunika kupita kukagwira ntchito wapansi, osayenda paulendo. Ndikofunika kukwera masitepe nokha, osagwiritsa ntchito kukweza. M'mawu, gonjetsani ulesi wanu ndikuyenda, khalani achangu komanso osangalala.

Mwa njira, moyo wokangalika ndi mkhalidwe wodalirika komanso njira zabwino zopewera matenda a shuga a 2. Zakhala zikudziwika kale kuti kupanikizika kosatha, nkhawa, komanso kukhumudwa kungayambitse matenda a metabolic, kunenepa kwambiri, ndipo, pamapeto pake, kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga. Maganizo athu ndi momwe timakhalira nthawi zonse ndizogwirizana. Samalirani dongosolo lamanjenje, limbikitsani kukana nkhawa mwa inu nokha, musatengeke ndi zochitika zazing'ono kuti musakhumudwe: zonsezi zimakuthandizani kukhala athanzi komanso osangalala.

, , , , , , , ,

Tsoka ilo, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga umawonedwabe ngati matenda osachiritsika. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pamwezi aliyense amapeza anthu opitilira 500,000 padziko lonse lapansi. Mwezi uliwonse, pafupifupi anthu 100,000 odwala amadulidwa zozama kuti atalike. Tikhala chete kuti ndi anthu angati amene amasiya kuwona kapena mavuto ena chifukwa cha matenda ashuga. Tsoka ilo, matenda ngati matenda a shuga amayambitsa kufa kwa anthu ambiri monga HIV kapena hepatitis.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kutsatira njira zoyambirira zopewera, kuyang'anira shuga wamagazi pafupipafupi, osamadya kwambiri komanso osachulukitsa ziphuphu, musatengeke ndi maswiti, kuyang'anira kunenepa kwanu ndikukhala ndi moyo wokangalika. Njira zodzitetezera ziyenera kuonedwa ndi onse: onse amoyo wathanzi komanso omwe ali kale ndi matendawa. Izi zimalepheretsa kukula kwamavuto ndikuletsa matenda ashuga kusamukira gawo lina, lovuta kwambiri.

, , , , , ,

Kulemala

Kupereka kapena kusapatsa kulumala kwa matenda a shuga a 2 amasankhidwa ndi bungwe lazachipatala ndi la akatswiri, komwe wodwalayo amatumizidwa ndi dokotala. Ndiye kuti, mutha kuyembekezera adotolo kuti asankhe kuti muyenera kulembetsa ngati mulumala, koma mutha kukakamira nokha, ndipo adotolo alibe ufulu wokukanani.

Kungoti mukudwala matenda ashuga sikumakupatsani mwayi wopunduka. Izi zimaperekedwa pokhapokha ngati zikuphwanya zochitika zina za thupi, zomwe zimatha kuchepetsa ntchito yonse ya wodwala. Ganizirani njira za kupunduka:

Gulu lachitatu limaperekedwa chifukwa chofatsa kwambiri pamatendawa ndikamakhala ndi zovuta zina zomwe zimalepheretsa kuyenda kwathunthu kapena kukhoza kugwira ntchito. Ngati matenda a shuga ali pafupi kubwezera ndipo simumalandira insulin, ndiye kuti kulumala sikuloledwa,
Gulu Lachiwiri limaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu (retinopathy of the II-III degree, a re impole, neuropathy of the II degree, encephalopathy, etc.),
Gulu Nditha kuperekedwa kwa odwala ovuta kwambiri, khungu, ziwopsezo zamisala, mtima wosakwanira, komanso kupezeka kwa miyendo yolumikizidwa. Odwala m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku sangathe kuchita popanda thandizo lakunja.

Gulu lolemala limaperekedwa pambuyo pofufuza wodwalayo ndi akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito (omwe amatchedwa Commission), omwe amasankha kugawa gululi kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikukambirananso zosankha zoyenera kuchita podzikonza.

Kudandaula koyimira kukhumudwitsa komiti ya akatswiri kuyenera kuphatikizapo:

Zotsatira za kafukufuku wambiri wokhudza mkodzo ndi magazi,
Zotsatira za kusanthula kwa shuga m'magazi musanadye chakudya,
kuyesa kwa mkodzo kwa acetone ndi shuga,
aimpso ndi kwamankhwala am'mwazi,
ECG
Mapeto a ophthalmologist, neuropathologist, othandizira, opaleshoni.

Kuchokera pazomwe mungafune:

mawu olembedwa m'malo mwa wodwala,
pasipoti
malangizo omwe adokotala amupatsa,
khadi yachipatala yomwe ili ndi mbiri yonse yamatenda anu,
satifiketi yamaphunziro,
chithunzi cha buku lantchito
Kufotokozera za ntchito.

Ngati mukufunsanso kukonzanso za kulumala, satifiketi yomwe imati ndinu olumala imafunikanso, komanso pulogalamu yokonzanso yomwe mudapatsidwa kale.

, , , ,

Mosasamala kanthu kuti mwalandira chilema kapena ayi, mutha kulembetsa mankhwala a insulini yaulere komanso zabwino zina za matenda a shuga a 2.

Zina zomwe muli ndi ufulu:

kulandira ma syringe aulere ndi mankhwala ochepetsa shuga,
dongosolo labwino la mayeso a glucose ndi zida zoyesera shuga,
kutenga nawo gawo pakukonzanso chikhalidwe cha anthu (kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, kuphunzitsa mu ntchito ina, kubwezeretsanso),
chithandizo cha spa.

Ngati ndinu olumala, mudzalandira ndalama (penshoni).

Amati shuga si matenda, koma njira ya moyo. Chifukwa chake, odwala ayenera kuzolowera matenda a zamatenda, kuyang'anira zakudya, kuyang'anira thupi, kuyang'anira mkhalidwe wawo ndikuyesera. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga ndi matenda ovuta kwambiri, ndipo ndi chidwi chanu chokha chokha chomwe chingakuthandizeni kukhala ndi moyo wokwanira komanso wotakataka momwe mungathere.

Zomwe zimachitika ndi matenda ashuga a 2

Zikondamoyo za munthu wathanzi zimatulutsa insulin. Imatembenuza glucose yochokera ku chakudya kukhala mphamvu, yomwe imadyetsa maselo ndi minyewa. Komabe, mitundu yachiwiri ya matenda ashuga, maselo sagwiritsa ntchito insulin momwe amayenera kukhalira. Vutoli limatchedwa insulin kukana.

Zikondwererozo zimayamba kupanga insulini yambiri yopereka shuga m'maselo. Koma kuchuluka kwa mahomoni obisika kumatha maselo a kapamba, shuga amadziunjikira m'magazi ndipo hyperglycemia imayamba - chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda a shuga mellitus, momwe glucose omwe amapezeka mu seramu yamagazi amapitilira muyeso wa 3.3 - 5.5 mmol / l.

Matenda a nthawi yayitali a hyperglycemia - matenda a mtima, stroke, matenda ashuga, khungu, kulephera kwaimpso, kusokonezeka kwa magazi ndi miyendo.

1. Mtundu

Asayansi afotokoza mitundu yoposa 100 yokhudzana ndi chiwopsezo chokhala ndi insulin, kunenepa kwambiri, lipid ndi glucose metabolism. Kafukufuku wamapasa ndi mabanja akulu awonetsa kuti ngati kholo limodzi lili ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, chiopsezo chotenga matenda a mwana ndi 35-39%, ngati makolo onse akudwala, chiopsezo chimakwera mpaka 60-70%. M'mapasa a monozygotic, mitundu yachiwiri ya matenda ashuga amayamba nthawi yomweyo mu 58-65% ya milandu, komanso mwa heterozygous mu 16-30%.

2. Kunenepa kwambiri

Kukhala wonenepa kwambiri kungayambitse insulin kukana. Izi ndizowona makamaka kunenepa kwambiri kwam'mimba, mafuta akaikidwa m'chiuno. Ambiri (60-80%) odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amalemera kwambiri (BMI kuposa 25 kg / m2).

Njira yopangira matenda ashuga mwa odwala onenepa imamveka bwino. Minofu yowonjezera ya adipose imachulukitsa kuchuluka kwamafuta acids (FFA) m'thupi. FFA ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapatsa mphamvu mthupi, koma kudziunjikira kwawo m'magazi kumabweretsa kukula kwa hyperinsulinemia ndi insulin. FFA imakhalanso ndi poizoni ku ma cell a beta a kapamba ndikuchepetsa ntchito yake yachinsinsi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake pakuwunika koyambirira kwa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, kusanthula kwa plasma kwa FFA kumagwiritsidwa ntchito: kuphatikiza kwa ma asidi amenewa kumawonetsa kulolera kwa glucose ngakhale asanayambike kudya kwa hyperglycemia.

3. Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'chiwindi

Tizilombo tina tathupi timafunika glucose wokhazikika. Koma ngati munthu sakudya kwa nthawi yayitali (maola 6 mpaka 10), malo osungirako shuga amatha. Kenako chiwindi chimaphatikizidwa ndi ntchitoyi, ndikupanga glucose kuchokera ku zinthu zopanda thupi. Munthu akadya, shuga m'magazi amadzuka, ntchito ya chiwindi imachepa, ndipo imasunga glucose kuti igwiritsenso ntchito pambuyo pake.Koma chiwindi cha anthu ena sichitero, kupitiliza kutulutsa shuga. Njira zotere nthawi zambiri zimayamba ndi cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, etc.

4. Metabolic Syndrome

Limodzi lofanana ndi liwu loti "metabolic syndrome" ndi insulin resistance syndrome. Amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa visceral mafuta, mapangidwe amthupi, lipid ndi purine metabolism, chitukuko cha matenda oopsa. Izi matenda akupanga motsutsana maziko a matenda oopsa, matenda a mtima, polycystic ovary syndrome, kagayidwe kachakudya matenda uric acid ndi mahomoni kusokonezeka, kusamba.

6. Kumwa mankhwala

Pali mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chitukuko cha matenda a shuga 2: ma glucocorticoids (mahomoni a adrenal cortex), thiazides (okodzetsa), beta-blockers (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a arrhythmias, matenda oopsa, kupewa myocardial infarction), atypical antipsychotic (antipsychotic), ma statins (mankhwala a anticholesterol).

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a Type 2

Type 2 shuga mellitus imayamba pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa zizindikiro zake zoyambirira ndizosavuta kuphonya. Mulinso:

Matendawa akamakula, zizindikirazo zimakula kwambiri komanso zimakhala zoopsa. Ngati shuga wanu wamagazi wakhala okwezeka kwanthawi yayitali, atha kuphatikizirapo:

kukula kwa matenda yisiti
machiritso odekha
kupweteka kwa mwendo
kumverera kwa dzanzi kumiyendo.

Matenda a shuga amakhala ndi mphamvu pamtima. Mwa azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, chiwopsezo chodwala mtima ndi 2 kuchulukirapo, ndipo chiopsezo chakulephera kwa mtima ndichulukenso kanayi. Matenda a shuga amathanso kudzetsa mavuto pa nthawi yobereka: matenda opatsirana a kwamikodzo, mochedwa toxicosis, polyhydramnios, pathupi.

Mavuto a Type 2 shuga

Kusuta, kunenepa kwambiri, kuthamanga magazi, kuledzera, komanso kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse kungakulitse matenda a shuga a 2. Wodwala ngati salamulira bwino shuga komanso akukana kusintha moyo wake, atha kukhala ndi mavuto otsatirawa:

Hypoglycemia - kuchepa kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi. Itha kuchitika motsutsana ndi maziko a mankhwala osayenera, njala, kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso.
Matenda a shuga ndi vuto lalikulu la matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala mwadzidzidzi. Amayamba motsutsana ndi maziko am'madzi komanso kuchuluka kwa sodium ndi glucose m'magazi.
Retinopathy ndi zotupa za retina zomwe zingayambitse kufooka.
Polyneuropathy - kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa miyendo. Amayamba chifukwa cha zotupa zingapo zamitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha yamagazi.
Kuchepa kwa Erectile mwa amuna omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kumayamba zaka 10-15 kale kuposa anzawo. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kosiyanasiyana, chiwopsezo chake chikuchokera 20 mpaka 85% ya milandu.
Matenda opatsirana mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a chitetezo chochepa cha thupi. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti hyperglycemia imachepetsa kugwira ntchito kwa maselo chitetezo chathupi, kupanga thupi kukhala lofooka komanso losatetezeka.
Matenda a Periodontal ndi matenda a chingamu omwe amakula mwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la shuga pakati pa zovuta za carbohydrate metabolism komanso kukhulupirika mtima.
Zilonda za trophic ndizovuta zowopsa zomwe zimayamba chifukwa cha zotupa zam'mimba, mathero a mitsempha komanso matenda ammimba am'mimba. Ngakhale kuvulala pang'ono komanso kukanda kumayamba kutenga kachilomboka mosavuta, musachiritsike kwa nthawi yayitali, khalani mabala akuya komanso zilonda zam'mimba.

Kuzindikira matenda ashuga a mtundu 2

Kuyesedwa kwa plasma komanso kuyeserera kwa glucose kungakuthandizeni kuzindikira matenda a shuga a 2.

Kusanthula kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumathandizira kudziwa hyper- ndi hypoglycemia. Chitani pamimba yopanda kanthu, mutatha kusala kudya kwa maola 8-10. Magazi a shuga wamba amakhala ochokera 3.9 mpaka 5.5 mmol / L, milingo yokwera (prediabetes) amachokera ku 5.6 mpaka 6.9 mmol / L, matenda a shuga amakhala 7 mmol / L ndipo okwera ndimayeso obwereza.
Kuyesedwa kwa glucose kumayesa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magamu 2 mutatha kumwa madzi otsekemera (75 magalamu a shuga osungunuka mu 300 ml ya madzi). Matenda a shuga amawonetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga 11.1 mmol / L kapena kuposa.

Chofunikira: Simungathe kuzindikira matenda ashuga pamwofuwofu umodzi komanso kusowa kwa zizindikiro zamankhwala. Nthawi zina hyperglycemia imatha kupezeka pakati pa matenda, zoopsa kapena kupsinjika. Kuti mutsimikizire matendawa, kuyezetsa angapo kumachitidwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana patsiku, pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha kudya.

Type 2 shuga

Odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga amatha kukhalabe bwino ndikugwira ntchito mpaka atakalamba kwambiri. Chofunikira chachikulu sikuphwanya mfundo 4 za chithandizo cha matenda ashuga:

Idyani pomwe
Sungani zolimbitsa thupi,
Imwani mankhwala antidiabetes
Yang'anirani shuga.

Kudya Mwaumoyo Ndi Type 2 shuga

Mosiyana ndi zomwe ambiri amakhulupirira, palibe zakudya zapadera za matenda ashuga. Koma ndikofunikira kuti odwala awonjezere mafuta ambiri ndi zakudya zamafuta ochepa kuzakudya zawo. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyang'ana kwambiri zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba ndi tirigu wathunthu, kudya nyama yofiyira pang'ono, kukana chakudya choyatsa komanso maswiti. Zakudya zam'munsi zochepa za glycemic zidzakhala zothandiza: zimateteza wodwala ku kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Dokotala wanu adzakuthandizani kupanga mapulani azakudya, akuphunzitseni momwe mungapewere kudya wamafuta ndikuwonjezera shuga m'magazi anu.

Mankhwala ndi insulin

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri amatha kusintha shuga yawo m'magazi kudzera mu chakudya komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi, pomwe ena amafunikira mankhwala kapena insulin. Dokotala nthawi zonse amatenga nawo mbali pakusankhidwa kwa mankhwala: amatha kuphatikiza mankhwala am'magulu osiyanasiyana kuti mutha kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'njira zingapo zosiyanasiyana.