Kodi matenda ashuga amayamba bwanji?

Anthu ambiri amawona matenda ashuga monga matenda omwe amakhudza oyimira gulu lakale, omwe nthawi zambiri amatha kuthandizidwa pawokha kapena kuphatikiza mapiritsi ndi zakudya. Ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu iwiri yayikulu yamatenda: mtundu 1 shuga (mtundu 1 shuga) ndi mtundu 2 shuga (mtundu 2). Mitundu iyi imakhala ndi membala wamba: hyperglycemia (i.e. shuga wambiri) komanso kupezeka kwa glucose mkodzo, koma zomwe zimayambitsa (kuchokera pomwe matendawa amayamba), zizindikilo, zizindikilo ndi njira zochizira matendawa ndizosiyana kwambiri.

Matenda a shuga 1 amayamba kuchokera pakuwonongeka kwa maselo mu kapamba chifukwa cha chitetezo chawo chaumunthu, chomwe chimapanga insulini ya mahomoni, yomwe patapita nthawi imapangitsa kuti insulini yawoyawo ikhalepo komanso kufunika kofalitsa mahomoni awa. Chifukwa chake, matendawa ndi a omwe amatchedwa vuto la autoimmune.

Zomwe zimayambitsa SD-1 zimayambira sizikugwirizana ndi kuti munthu wonenepa kwambiri kapena wonenepa kwambiri, kuyambika kwa matenda kulibe ubale uliwonse ndi kudya zakudya zotsekemera, komanso ngakhale njira yamoyo wamba. Zizindikiro zoyambira ndi zizindikiro, nthawi zambiri, zimatha kuyamba ndikuwonetsa matenda ena, zikafika poti pakhale insulin yambiri.

Kuwonetsedwa kwamtunduwu wa shuga kumachitika muubwana, unyamata kapena uchinyamata. Pafupipafupi, zizindikiro za matendawa zimachitika munthu akadzakula. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa sizikudziwika bwinobwino. Kutanthauzira kwamtundu wamtundu wa matenda ashuga sikunaphunzire konse, chifukwa mtundu uwu umatha kuchitika ngakhale m'mabanja momwe mulibe majini.

Pakukula kwa mtundu 2 wa matenda a shuga, ntchito yayikulu imapangidwa ndi kupangika kwa insulin, chibadwa chamtsogolo, komanso zinthu zingapo zakunja, monga kunenepa kwambiri (kunenepa kwambiri komanso kuwoneka kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu uwu amapezeka mu 60-90%). kupsinjika, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pang'ono, komanso kusuta.

Thupi limasiya kuyankha ku insulin, kutaya kuzindikira kwa izo. Mtunduwu nthawi zambiri umakula ukatha zaka 40, pokhapokha ngati sizowoneka kale.

Zizindikiro ndi mtundu wa matenda am'mbuyomu omwe amakhala ndi matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhala obisika, matendawa amatha kuchitika kwa miyezi ingapo kapena zaka mwachinsinsi. Zizindikiro zake zimaphatikizapo kutopa kwakuthupi, mawonekedwe osasinthika, khungu lowuma komanso loyenda, matenda amkodzo, kupatsirana kwamkhungu, kuchiritsa zilonda, komanso komaliza, kuchepa kwa kumverera m'madera akumtunda komanso otsika.

Kwa matenda a DM-2, hyperglycemia yobwereza (kuthamanga kwa shuga m'magazi) okwera kuposa 7.0 mmol / L ndi yokwanira. Pankhani yotsika mtengo, kuyesedwa kwa glucose kulolerana (PTTG) kumachitika. Kuyeseraku kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa nthawi yomwe mayi ali ndi pakati pamagulu omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chambiri chotenga matenda a shuga, amachitidwa panthawiyi kuyambira milungu 24 mpaka 28 ya mimba.

Matenda a shuga

Tikuyankhula za kulekerera kwa glucose kapena matenda a shuga omwe adachitika panthawi ya pakati. Kuphwanya shuga kuloleza kosiyanasiyana kwamankhwala kumachitika pakamayi, pafupifupi 2-6% ya milandu. Pakuchitika kwa matenda a shuga amtunduwu, kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ndi kulolerana kwa glucose kumathandizira. Matendawa ayenera kuthandizidwa ndikuchiritsidwa. Pambuyo pobadwa, matendawa amazimiririka, koma amayenera kusinthidwanso, chifukwa chitukuko cha matenda ashuga sichitha.

Mavuto Amtundu wa Glucose Homeostasis

Matendawa amapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha pakati pa shuga ndi shuga. Izi zimaphatikizapo glycemia wokwera kwambiri kuchokera ku 6.1 mpaka 6.9 mmol / L ndi kulolerana kwa glucose. Vuto lololera glucose limawonetsedwa ndi kuyeserera kwa glucose (TSH). Mlingo mutatha kumwa magalamu 75 a shuga mu tiyi ukufika pa 7.8 mpaka 11.1 mmol / L. Ngati vutoli silimachitika panthawi yapakati, limangokhala ngati malire amalire. Samagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukula kwa zovuta zamtundu wa cellvas, komabe, nthawi yomweyo, zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda amtima.

Mtunduwu umawonekera kwa zaka 25 ndipo zaka zopitilira 5 zimayendetsedwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito insulin. Zimayambitsidwa ndi vuto la majini m'maselo a beta. Pali magawo 6 a mtundu wa MOD.

DM, monga gawo la matenda ena, sakhala wamba. Tikuyankhula za nthenda yayikulu ya kapamba, yomwe imawononga gawo lake lamkati, monga necrosis yacute, kutupa ndi zotupa za kapamba. Matenda ena ndi matenda a endocrine okhala ndi mahomoni ena omwe amatsutsana ndi insulin. Matenda a shuga amathanso kuyambitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwa nthawi yayitali, monga glucocorticoids, ndipo atha kukhala gawo la matenda ena obadwa nawo (Down syndrome).

Momwe mungadziwire kukula kwa matenda ashuga?

Zizindikiro zake ndizodziwika monga izi:

W ludzu, ludzu lamphamvu kwambiri Galasi limodzi silikwanira munthu; ludzu limadzutsa pakati pausiku.
Polyuria (kukodza pafupipafupi), kukodza usiku uliwonse, nthawi zambiri mwa ana aang'ono omwe safunikiranso ma diap usiku, palinso kufunika kogwiritsira ntchito. Mkodzo wowuma ndi wokoma.
Kuchepetsa thupi ndi chidwi komanso chakudya choyenera, munthawi yochepa makilogalamu angapo akhoza kutayika.
Kutopa, malaise wamba.
Kutalika kwakanthawi kowoneka.
Matenda obanika.
Kupumula kwa acetone, kupuma kwambiri.
Matenda obwereza mkodzo.

Kodi kukhalapo kwa zizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambazi nthawi zonse kumatanthauza shuga?

Zizindikiro izi, zitha, kukhala ndi chifukwa china. Kuzindikira komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala pamaziko a zoyesa zina ndi maphunziro oyambira:

kuphatikiza magazi (glucose = hyperglycemia),
urinalysis (kukhalapo kwa shuga = glucosuria, acetone itha kukhalapo),
kufufuza kwina - kupeza, mwachitsanzo, insulin mu seramu, ma antibodies, popeza pali mitundu yambiri ya shuga.

Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa matenda ashuga mwa ana ali mtundu wa shuga.

Zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongedwa kwa maselo a beta a timadzi tating'onoting'ono ta Langerhans mu kapamba, ndikupanga insulin. Chifukwa chake, zimadza pakusowa kwa insulin, ndikupanga kudalira kwazonse moyo wake pakulamulira kwakunja. Kuwonongeka kwa maselo a beta kumachitika pamaziko a ma cellimmune omwe amatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa ma antibodies m'magazi.

Zizindikiro za matenda amtundu 1

Matendawa amadziwika ndi chitukuko chochepa. Nthawi zambiri kumachitika m'dzinja ndi masika, nthawi yowonjezereka matenda a virus. Kuwonetsedwa ndi ludzu kwambiri komanso kukoka pafupipafupi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, komwe kumamangiriza madzi, komanso kuchepa thupi. Mu ana, enursis sichimanso chimodzimodzi, makamaka usiku.

Pambuyo pake, acetone imawonekera mkodzo ndikupumira, munthuyo amakhala wosakwiya komanso wotopa. Pankhani ya matenda ofatsa a matendawa, nthawi zina masokonezo amawonedwe amatha kusintha, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa mandala amaso ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi m'magazi, kuyabwa kwamtundu, kutupa komwe kumayenderana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus (fungus "ikukula" m'chilengedwe ndi shuga). Ngati zizindikirozo zatsalira popanda chisamaliro choyenera ndipo matendawa akupitilirabe, kusanza ndi kupweteka kwam'mimba kumachitika, kufalikira kwamkati, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kukula kwa acidic minofu - ma ketones (acetone) m'magazi. Thupi limayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ngati gwero la mphamvu zina. Mkhalidwe momwe thupi limapangidwira ndi matupi a ketone amatchedwa ketoacidosis. Kudzikundikira kwa zinyalala za asidi pamodzi ndi madzi am'mimba kumayambitsa kukomoka kwa matenda ashuga, limodzi ndi kupuma kwambiri.

Akuluakulu, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga ndiwofala kwambiri.

Kuzindikira matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri nthawi zambiri kumachitika mwadzidzidzi monga mbali yoyeserera magazi. Zizindikiro zimatha kukhala zosadodometsa, zoyambira pang'onopang'ono, kapena zosafunikira. Anthu ambiri amakhala ndi zovuta zovuta panthawi yomwe amadziwika. Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za matendawa zimaphatikizaponso ludzu ndi kuchuluka kwa timadzi tambiri ndi kukodza pafupipafupi chifukwa cha shuga wambiri. Shuga amamangirira madzi mumkodzo, komwe kumapangitsa kuti madzi azisowa m'thupi ndi kunenepa kwambiri komanso kufooka. Kuwona m'maso, kulumikizidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana amthupi, kuchepa kwa chakudya, kunenepa kwambiri. Popeza kuti insulin katulutsidwe sitha kuchepetsedwa mpaka kufika zero, mu mtundu 2 wa shuga, sikuti amakumana ndi zovuta zina, monga pachimake ketoacidosis, chikhalidwe cha matenda 1 a shuga.

Momwe mungadziwire chitukuko cha matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2

Zizindikiro zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa zimatha kumubweretsa munthu kwa dokotala, koma nthawi zambiri matendawo amapezeka, monga zanenedwa, mosasamala kuyesedwa kwa magazi. Chizindikiro chachikulu ndicho kutsimikiza kwa shuga m'magazi - glycemia. Kuti atsimikizire matendawa, kuyesedwa kwa PTTG (kuyesa kwa glucose kulolerana) nthawi zina, pomwe shuga wa m'magazi amayeza pambuyo poyeserera pakamwa.

Makhalidwe abwino a shuga

Mlingo kapena kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi amatchedwa glycemia. Glycemia imayezedwa m'magawo a mmol / L. Mwa munthu wathanzi, shuga amatsika pansi 3.3 mmol / L ndipo samakwera pamwamba 6 mmol / L pamimba yopanda kanthu. Mukangodya kumene zizindikirozo ndi zapamwamba pang'ono, koma ola limodzi litatha, madziwo akutsikira 7.7 mmol / L, atatsalira mu 3.3-6 mmol / L, pambuyo pake amatsika msanga.

Zizindikiro zobisika zomwe zimatha kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga
Matenda a shuga ndi opatsirana chifukwa samapweteka. Pafupifupi, kulibe mavuto. Matendawa akayamba kuonekera, nthawi zambiri imachedwa.

Matendawa imathandizira kuumitsa mitsempha. Pali chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndi sitiroko, komanso kulephera kwa aimpso, kuchepa kwa masomphenya ndi kuwonongeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa kumverera kwa khungu m'malo ena (neuropathy). Njira yayikulu yothetsera mavuto ndi kudula mwendo, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi ndipo matupi awo amakhala ndi kutupa (matenda a shuga).

Zizindikiro zokhala ndi matenda omwe ali ndi ludzu lalikulu ndikumayamwa kwambiri, kuphatikiza usiku. Zizindikiro zina zimatha kuphatikizira kutopa, kufooka, komanso kuchepa thupi komanso kukonda kudya. Nthawi zina maonedwe a munthu amasintha. Komabe, poyamba matendawa samadziwonetsa moonekera.

Komabe, pafupifupi zovuta zonse za matenda ashuga sizotheka. Ndikokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya kapena insulini kuti musunge shuga wambiri m'magazi ake ndikuwongolera kulemera kwa thupi. Pankhaniyi, odwala matenda ashuga amatha kukhala pafupifupi zaka zofanana ngati anthu athanzi popanda mavuto.

Koma muyenera kukhala mwamakhalidwe. Anthu ambiri omwe amakhala ndi matendawa amawopa kupita kwa dotolo. Amawoneka kuti matenda ashuga ndi "oyipa" omwe amapha komanso kulumala. Chifukwa chake amapewa coonadi.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo?

Pali anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha matendawa. Ena mwa anthu amenewa ndi omwe makolo awo amadwala matenda a shuga. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ali ndi tsogolo lamkati.

Mavuto ena obwera chifukwa cha matendawa:

Mafuta ambiri a m'mafuta ndi mafuta.
Kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Kuchulukitsa kwa magazi.
Kunenepa kwambiri.

Ambiri mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndi amtundu 2. Monga lamulo, amayamba kukana insulini, i.e., kufooka kwa minofu m'thupi ili. Zimalola shuga kulowa m'maselo. Izi, zimapezanso mphamvu. Ndi kukana, shuga amayamba m'magazi ndipo amayambitsa zovuta zingapo.

Kodi gawo loyamba la matenda ashuga ndi chiyani?

Gawo loyamba la matenda a shuga limadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kuposa 6 mmol / l, koma m'munsi mwa 9 mmol / l, komanso kusowa kwa chikomokere ndi zovuta za matendawa. Poyandikira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi pazikhalidwe zoyenera, zovuta za matendawo ziyenera kuyembekezeredwa.

Gawo loyamba la matenda ashuga ndi njira yofatsa yamatenda. Nthawi zambiri, munthu samangoganizira za matenda ake. Palibe zolakwira kuchokera ku ziwalo za ziwalo. Komabe, kapamba samagwira ntchito yake osachepera 80%.

Kuyabwa pakhungu nthawi zambiri kumasokonezeka ndi sayanjana ndi mkwiyo, ndipo kumwa kwambiri kumawonjezera kutentha.

Fomu yofatsa pakalibe chithandizo imatha kuthana ndi vuto la mtima, kukhumudwa, kugwidwa, matenda amtumbo. Nthawi zambiri kuzindikiridwa kwa matenda ashuga kumachitika mwa kuwunika kozindikira zamankhwala.

Matenda a shuga ndi gulu la matenda opatsirana a endocrine, omwe amawonetsa kuthekera kwathunthu kapena kuperewera kwa insulin m'thupi komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Chifukwa cha matendawa, kagayidwe kake konse kamasokonezeka: mapuloteni, lipid, chakudya, mineral metabolism. Kuphwanya mulingo wa acid-base kumawonedwanso.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kuyambira 1 mpaka 8% ya anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, koma asayansi akuwonetsa kuti chiwerengero chenicheni cha odwala ndichokulirapo. Ndipo chiwerengerochi chikuwonjezeka chaka chilichonse. Chiwerengero cha ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga chikukulanso.

Insulin imapangidwa m'matumba a pancreatic ndi maselo ake a beta. Kuphwanya mapangidwe a timadzi timeneti chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwawo kapena kuphwanya mayamwidwe ake ndi maselo otumphukira kumayambitsa kuyambika kwa matenda osokoneza bongo.

Kodi kukula kwa shuga kwa ana kumayamba bwanji?

Poyambirira, matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba wa ana amatha kuonekera mwana akamakula ketoacidosis. Pakumapeto koyambirira kwa kusanza kwa cyclic, ndikofunikira kupenda mwana. Kugwedezeka koteroko kumakula mwa ana omwe thupi lawo limakonda ana acetone syndrome.

Kuchulukana kumachitika panthawi ya chimfine, matenda a virus, matenda opatsirana. Matendawa amasokoneza madzi am'mimba chifukwa chosanza pafupipafupi. Ndi zaka, matenda amtundu wa mwana amazimiririka.

Zoyambitsa matenda a shuga

Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga. Mitu ikuluikulu ndi:

cholowa
zikondamoyo
kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi (kumwa kwambiri chakudya chamafuta ndi mafuta, zakudya zopezeka nthawi yomweyo),
onenepa kwambiri
matenda a viralmune,
zaka 40

Zinthu izi zimangogwira zinthu zokhazo. Siwotsimikizika kwa 100% yamatenda. Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri yakudziwikiratu ayenera kukhala atcheru ndi thanzi, musaiwale za kufunika koyezetsa magazi.

Mwa zina mwazomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 1, vuto la autoimmune limadziwika. Maselo a kapamba, omwe amawazindikiridwa molakwika ndi chitetezo cha mthupi ngati adani, amayamba kuwonongeka ndikutayika kwakanthawi. Zomwe zimayambitsa ntchitoyi zimadalira sizinafotokozedwe bwino.

Matenda a shuga ndi amodzi mwa matenda ofala kwambiri padziko lapansi. Nthawi zambiri kuposa matenda a shuga, ndimatenda a mtima ndi ma oncological okha omwe amapezeka chaka chilichonse. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera koyipa, lero 3% ya anthu padziko lapansi ali ndi matenda a shuga.Ndipo malinga ndi kudziwikiratu kwa asing'anga, kuwonjezeka kwapawiri kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kumayembekezeredwa zaka 15-20.

Choyambitsa chachikulu cha matenda a shuga ndikuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazakudya kamene kamachitika mthupi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha chimodzi mwazinthu ziwiri: mwina thupi silitha kuyamwa insulin, kapena kuchuluka kwake sikukwaniritsa zosowa za anthu.

Pali mitundu yambiri pazomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi cholowa cha matenda. Banja lodziwika bwino kwa matenda am'mimba limayambira mtundu wa matenda a shuga. Zimakwiya chifukwa cha kachilombo komwe kamagwira ndi ma virus (fuluwenza, chikuku kapena ma mumps), ndikuthandizira kuwononga maselo opanga insulin mthupi.

Ntchito yayikulu pakukula kwa endocrine pathology imaseweredwa ndi genetics. Nthawi zambiri matenda a shuga amabadwa. Tchulani mitundu yomwe imapangitsa munthu kuti akhale ndi matendawa. Ndi kuphatikiza kwina kwa iwo, chiopsezo chophwanyidwa chikuwonjezeka kwambiri.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga umapanganso motsutsana ndi maziko a poyizoni oopsa, autoimmune chithokomiro, ndi nyamakazi. Mtundu wachiwiri wamatenda umaphatikizidwa ndi enterovirus, cytomegalovirus, rubella, Coxsackie, ndi mumps.

Momwe mungasiyanitsire mtundu 1 wa shuga ndi mtundu 2 wa shuga?

Zizindikiro za matenda amtundu woyamba 1 amayamba kwambiri, matendawa amayamba modzidzimutsa. Ndi matenda 2 a shuga, thanzi limakula pang'onopang'ono. M'mbuyomu, mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga okha ndiwo unkawerengedwa kuti ndi "matenda a achichepere", koma tsopano malirewo wafika. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, kunenepa kwambiri kumakhalapo.

Kuti musiyanitse matenda ashuga amtundu 1 ndi matenda amitundu iwiri, muyenera kuyesa mkodzo wa shuga, komanso magazi a glucose ndi C-peptide. Werengani zambiri mu nkhani "Kuzindikira matenda amtundu 1 ndi matenda ashuga 2."

Hyperglycemia Gulu

Matenda a shuga amatha kukhala ndi mitundu ingapo:

Mtundu wa matenda ashuga wa 1. Awa ndi shuga omwe amadalira insulin. Gawo loyambirira la kusowa kwa insulin ndi gawo loyambirira la hyperglycemia. Chomwe chimapangitsa mtundu uwu kupatuka kuchokera kuzikhalidwe za kapamba,
Debit Type No. 2. Izi sizokhudza matenda a shuga. Kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumakhala pakati pa malire, ndipo nthawi zina kupitirira zomwe zimachitika. Koma ma adipocytes amakhala osaganizira za hormone iyi. Pazifukwa izi, ndolo ya glucose wamagazi ikukwera mwachangu.

Chithunzi cha kufananiza kwa mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2 wa shuga.

Amawerengera okha shuga kwa azimayi panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati (gestational) ndi matenda ashuga, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha majini, kapena kupatuka panjira yachilengedwe ya endocrine.

Hyperglycemia imagawidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa matendawo:

Matenda a shuga No. 1 (ofatsa) - cholembera cha shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu sichidutsa 6 - 8 mmol / l. Glucosuria index patsiku - osati kupitirira 18 - 20 mmol / l. Chithandizo cha digiri iyi chili ndi zakudya zoyenera komanso mankhwala,
Matenda a shuga No. 2 (sing'anga) - mlozera pamimba yopanda chopanda sichidutsa 8 - 10 mmol / l. Glucosuria index patsiku - osati kupitirira 35 - 40 mmol / l. Therapy ndichakudya ndi mankhwala omwe amachepetsa index ya glucose. Mu digiri iyi ya matenda ashuga, zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zimawonekera kale: matenda amaso, ma pathologies a ntchito ya mtima, matenda a impso, matenda amanjenje, mavuto amitsempha ya miyendo,
Matenda a shuga shuga 3 (woopsa) - cholozera pamimba yopanda kanthu sichidutsa 12-14 mmol / l. Glucosuria index patsiku - osachepera 40 mmol / L. Anazindikira mapuloteni mu mkodzo. Zizindikiro: Matenda a maso opita patsogolo, masanjidwe ali mumkhalidwe wovuta, wolakwika wa impso ndi mtima. Ululu m'malo otsika umakulirakulira. Kukhathamira kwa magazi kuthamanga kumakhala kwapamwamba kuposa zabwinobwino. Chithandizo cha mankhwalawa ndi chakudya chapadera ndi jakisoni wa mahomoni,
Matenda a shuga 3 (superheavy) - mndandanda wama shuga pamimba yopanda chopanda 20 - 25 mmol / l. Glucosuria index tsiku limodzi - osachepera 40 - 50 mmol / l. Zizindikiro za matendawa: Ziwalo zonse zofunika zamkati zimakhudzidwa. Thupi limataya mndandanda wamaproteni mwa kuuchotsa ndi mkodzo. Wodwala yemwe ali ndi digiri imeneyi amakonda kupweteka kwambiri matenda ashuga. Ntchito ya thupi imathandizidwa ndi jakisoni wa insulin yokha komanso muyezo wokwanira - osachepera 60 OD.

Mitundu ingapo ya shuga imadziwika:

Mtundu woyamba, womwe kale unkatchedwa insulin-wate. Ndi izo, vuto lalikulu la insulin limayamba, lomwe limabweretsa hyperglycemia. Choyambitsa chachikulu cha matenda awa ndi kuwonongeka kwa autoimmune kwa kapamba.
Mtundu wachiwiri, womwe m'mbuyomu unkadziwika kuti sun-insulini-wodziyimira pawokha, koma tanthauzo lake silolondola, chifukwa ndi kupitilira kwa mtundu uwu, chithandizo cha insulini chingafunike. Mtundu wamatendawa, poyambira kuchuluka kwa insulin kumakhalabe kwabwinobwino kapenanso kupitilira muyeso. Komabe, maselo amthupi, makamaka ma adipocytes (mafuta am'magazi), amakhala osagwirizana ndi izi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi azikhala ndi shuga.

Yang'anani! Zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi izi: kupsinjika kwambiri, kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri, kusalingalira bwino m'thupi, matenda am'mbuyomu komanso kusintha kwina m'thupi.

Gestational kishuga mellitus (mwa amayi apakati).
Matenda a shuga monga chiwonetsero cha genetic kapena endocrine pathology. Pankhaniyi, matenda a shuga palokha ndi chizindikiro cha matenda.

Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga koyambira

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga ndikuchepetsa shuga. Munthu amene akudwala matendawa amakakamizidwa kutsatira moyo wake wonse. Choyamba, ndikofunikira kusintha zakudya komanso kusamalitsa. Zakudya ziyenera kutsatira mosamalitsa.

Popanda kuyang'ana pachakudya, ndizosatheka kukwaniritsa bata. Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, mndandanda wazithandizo zamankhwala wapangidwa, womwe umatchedwa tebulo nambala 9. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kutsatira mfundo zake.

Kuchepetsa kudya kwa michere, kuchepetsa zopatsa mphamvu za zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku, kupatsa thanzi zakudya zama protein ndi mavitamini zimapereka zotsatira zabwino. Kuti mupeze zofunika zonse zofunikira pa chakudya, amuna amafunika kukonzekera sabata pasadakhale. Muyenera kudya nthawi 5-6 patsiku, m'magawo ang'onoang'ono.

Mukamakonzera menyu, muyenera kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu. Kutsika pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu kumakupatsani mwayi wochotsa kunenepa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matendawa athe.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kudya chakudya chovunda mu uvuni kapena yophika. Chifukwa chake chimakhala ndi mafuta ochepa.

Nthawi yayitali pakati pa chakudya iyenera kukhala maola atatu kapena anayi. Zakudya zazikulu zitatu zimaphatikizidwa ndi zokhwasula, momwe mungadye masamba, zipatso, tchizi.

Gawo loyamba la zakudya ndikuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zoletsedwa:

mafuta ambiri
maswiti
mowa
ankasuta nyama
yokazinga
mafuta.

Ngati ndi kotheka, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangidwa ndi ufa sikuyenera kuphatikizidwa. Pakuwerengera chakudyacho, wodwalayo ayenera kuganizira kuchuluka kwa chakudya cha mbale iliyonse.

Zakudya za matenda ashuga ziyenera kuphatikizapo mkaka wankhuku yophika, nyama yamwana wankhuku, nsomba, tchizi chanyumba, masamba okwanira komanso zipatso zabwino. Zinthu zamkaka (kefir, yogati popanda shuga ndi utoto, mkaka wophika wopanda pake) ndizothandiza kwambiri.

Masamba amadziwika kuti amasunga zakudya komanso zinthu zofunika, komanso mavitamini ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimapanga ma enzymes a chakudya. Zakudya, odwala amaloledwa:

kabichi
zukini
nkhaka
Tomato
radishi
masamba letesi
amadyera
belu tsabola.

Kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko cha endocrine pathology, mutha kuwona zosintha zotsatirazi paumoyo:

mawonekedwe a ludzu lalikulu. Chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga. Pogwiritsa ntchito shuga, magazi amakhala amanenepa. Thupi likuyesera kuchepetsa madzi am'madzi ndipo limapereka chizindikiro kuti muyenera kumwa madzi,
kukodza pafupipafupi. Chizindikiro chotere chimatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamadzi akumwa,
kutaya tsitsi. Kagayidwe koyipa amakhudza mkhalidwe wa ma curls: zingwe zimayamba kuwonda, zimayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono ndikuchepera,
kugona Zimafotokozedwa ndikuphwanya njira za metabolic. Munthu amakhala wotopa nthawi zonse ngakhale masana,
kulakalaka. Ndikufuna maswiti,
kuwonda kwambiri
kununkhira kwa acetone
machiritso olakwika a mabala ndi mafinya. Ngakhale zidutswazidutswa zing'onozing'ono zimangokhala zonenepa.
kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe. Magalasiwo amathandizidwa ndi glucose wambiri,
kumva kulemera m'manja ndi miyendo,
matenda a chikumbumtima:
kusakhazikika.

Imakhazikika pamisempha ya shuga kwa nthawi yayitali
Imabwezeretsa kapangidwe ka insulin

Dziwani zambiri ...

Kodi matenda amtundu wa 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 angachiritsidwe? Chithandizo cha mankhwala chapita patsogolo kwambiri, koma madokotala sanaphunzirepobe za matenda a shuga. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusokonezeka kwa metabolic, pomwe kapamba sangathe kutulutsa insulini ya mahomoni mulingo woyenera.

Ndichizolowezi kusiyanitsa mitundu iwiri ya matenda ashuga, komanso mawonekedwe apadera a thupi, pakakhala mwayi wowonjezereka wa matenda (prediabetes). Gawo loyamba la matenda ashuga limafunanso njira zofanana zamankhwala 1 ndi shuga 2.

Choyamba, amasonyezedwa kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kuchepetsa shuga ngati pakufunika, komanso kutsatira zakudya zina.

Njira zonsezi zimathandizira kuchepetsa mkhalidwe wa munthu, kupewa zovuta za matenda. Gawo loyamba ndi matenda a shuga amapangitsa kuti mafuta aziziritsa, koma ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti musaphonye kuchuluka kwawo, chifukwa matenda a shuga sangachiritsidwe.

Zakudya poyambira gawo

Zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga koyambirira zimakhazikitsidwa pamndandanda wazakudya zambiri tebulo nambala 8 ndi No. 9, mfundozi za zakudya zidapangidwa mu nthawi za Soviet ndipo sizinathere pakadali pano mpaka pano.

Dongosololi limafotokoza momveka bwino mfundo zazikuluzakudya, zotsekemera komanso zoletsedwa kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi vuto la metabolic. Zakudya patebulo la nambala 9 ndizothandiza kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kulemera kwakuthupi, kumamatira ku tebulo nambala 8 ndikothandiza kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi gawo loyamba komanso lachiwiri la kunenepa kwambiri.

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi kumapeto kwake ziyenera kusankhidwa polingalira za thupi la munthu. Zakudyazo ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi katswiri wazakudya ndi endocrinologist.

Tebulo la Zakudya Zakudya Zosamalidwa Nambala 9 ndizosavuta kwambiri kwa odwala, zomwe zili mkati mwa kalori zimakhalabe mkati mwa malire ofunikira kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito mokwanira, zakudya za carbohydrate zokhazokha zomwe zili ndi index yayikulu ya glycemic siziperekedwa. Zakudya zomanga thupi zimayenera kudyedwa moperewera, izi ndizofunikira kuti kagayidwe kachakudya kazitha.

Wodwala panthawi ya matenda a shuga sangamve kusasangalala komwe kumachitika ndi njira zina zamankhwala zothandizira:

palibe kuchepa kwa michere
kupatula kumva osasangalatsa.

Kuchepetsa njala, kusowa mphamvu, kudya matenda ashuga, mawonekedwe oyamba amakhudza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mitundu yambiri yazomera, fiber fiber. Chakudya choterocho chimakhala ndi phindu pogwira ntchito pamimba yonse ya m'mimba, chimatsuka thupi kuti chisangidwe ndi poizoni, chomwe ndi chofunikira mdziko lisanafike shuga.

Wodwalayo amakonda zakudya zotsekemera, adzapatsidwa mwayi kuti amwe mankhwala osiyanasiyana kuti asinthe shuga woyera, omwe pamodzi ndi uchi wachilengedwe, osayenera kunenepa kwambiri. Chofunikira ndikugula mafuta a shuga achilengedwe opangidwa kuchokera kuzomera.

Zakudya zamtundu uliwonse zophika zimatha kukonzedwa pamakoma a zotsekemera; amaloledwa kuwonjezeredwa tiyi, khofi ndi zakumwa. Mmalo mwa shuga ungagulidwe monga mapiritsi, ufa, umagulitsidwa m'masupikisano ndi masitolo m'madipatimenti apadera a odwala matenda ashuga.

Chithandizo cha gawo loyambirira la matenda ashuga chimafuna njira yapadera yophikira, zinthuzo ziyenera kuwotchera, kuphika kapena kuwotcha osagwiritsa ntchito mafuta poto yopanda ndodo. Ndizovomerezeka kudya chakudya, koma mulimonsemo simungathe kudya mafuta ambiri, chifukwa kumayambiriro kwa matendawa:

ichulukitsa lipid kagayidwe,
onjezani zizindikiro za matendawa, kufunikira kwa zovuta.

Mankhwala othandizira pakudya koyambirira amachokera ku zakudya zomwe zimapangidwira, ku chakudya cham'mawa chamasana komanso chakudya chamadzulo, muyenera kuwonjezera zowonjezera zingapo, zomwe zimayeneranso malamulo azakudya.

Mu mndandanda wa tebulo la odwala matenda ashuga No. 8 zakudya zonse zomwezo ndi mfundo zakakonzedwe kololedwa. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti amachepetsa zakudya zomwe amapatsa zakudya. Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo ali ndi mwayi wopewa mavuto angapo azaumoyo nthawi imodzi - boma la prediabetes, kunenepa kwambiri, komwe kumapangitsa chidwi cha hyperglycemia.

Kupanga kwamankhwala, phindu la menyu

Kodi matenda ashuga amathandizidwa ndi zakudya? Ndi njira yabwino, zakudya zoyenera zimathandizira kuyimitsa kupitilira kwa matenda. Pa gawo loyambirira la shuga, chithandizo ndi zakudya zimagawika m'magulu awiri, pali zosiyana zochepa pakati pawo, zimangokhala pazakudya za calorie zokha.

Kupanga kwa mankhwala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimayenera kulowa m'thupi la wodwala tsiku lililonse, zomwe zingatheke komanso zomwe sizingadye, zalongosoledwa pansipa.

Tsiku, popanda kunenepa kwambiri, munthu ayenera kudya mapuloteni 85-90 g, onenepa kwambiri wa mapuloteni 70-80 g amadyedwa, ndipo theka la chakudya chama protein limayenera kukhala m'mapuloteni a nyama.

Tebulo 9 limalola mafuta okwanira 80 g pa tsiku, tebulo 8 limachepetsa 70 lipids, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mafuta liyenera kuchokera ku masamba.

Mosasamala mtundu wamtundu wa shuga mellitus, akuwonetsedwa kuti azidya chakudya chamafuta 300-350 g (osaneneka kunenepa kwambiri), mpaka 150 g (kwa onenepa).

Zakudya za calorie za tsiku ndi tsiku zikhala kuyambira 1600 mpaka 2400, kutengera mtundu waumoyo wa anthu, momwe amathandizira, komanso zizindikiro zolemetsa.

Ndikofunikira kumwa madzi ambiri, ngati munthu san wonenepa kwambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti amwe pafupifupi malita awiri a madzi oyera opanda mpweya patsiku, ndi kumwa pang'ono ndi kunenepa kwambiri, izi zimapewe kukula kwa puffiness ndi kukulira kwa thanzi.

Mavitamini ndi michere

Ngati mumatha kudwala matenda ashuga kumayambiriro, muyenera kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mchere, koma ndibwino kusiya kotheratu. Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi gawo loyambirira la matendawa, osaposa mchere wa 3-8 g pa tsiku ndi tsiku omwe amapatsidwa.

Matenda a shuga amawoneka pang'onopang'ono pomwe thupi limasinthika kwambiri. Chiwerewere champhamvu sichimachezera madokotala, ilibe nthawi yokhala ndiokha. Koma, ngati mutapezeka kuti muli ndi matenda ashuga panthawi yake, zimatha kulepheretsa zovuta komanso kuti moyo ukhale wabwino.

Ndi zizindikiro ziti za matenda ashuga mwa abambo zomwe zimayenera kusamaliridwa ndi momwe angazindikire matenda owopsa, tidzafotokozera pansipa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa

Ndikosatheka kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ashuga mwa amuna. Mosiyana ndi azimayi, theka lolimba silimakumana ndi mavuto osasintha a mahomoni.

Mwa amuna omwe ali ndi vuto la mtundu wachiwiri, kulemera kwambiri thupi komanso moyo wosayenera kumawonjezeredwa ku mtundu wakubadwa. Kukwanira kumadziwika chifukwa chachiwiri chotsogolera. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matendawa umakhala ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimachedwa ndipo umayamba pang'onopang'ono. Mwamuna amazindikira kuti akudwala mwangozi mwangozi, akuyesedwa ndi dokotala pazifukwa zina.

Ndipo mwa zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matendawa mwa amuna, izi ndizodziwika:

Matenda osiyanasiyana a mahomoni okhudzana ndi majini,
Matenda akale omwe amakhudza kapamba,
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwa nthawi yayitali, mankhwala,
Sinthani muma receptor ndi chikhalidwe cha insulin mthupi,
Kupsinjika komwe kunayambitsa kuperewera kwamanjenje,
Zaka za wodwala. Amakhulupirira kuti pazaka zonse 10 za moyo, chiwopsezo cha 5% cha matenda a shuga chimawonjezeredwa.

Mtsikana akadwala, matenda ashuga amatha kupezeka kumbuyo kwa matenda opatsirana. Ndi matendawa, ma antibodies amapangidwa omwe amatha kuwongolera zovuta zawo pa kapamba.

Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga ndizovuta ndipo chimakhala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi mankhwala. Kupereka kapena kusamwa mankhwala - izi zimatengera gawo lomwe matendawa apezeka ndi mtundu wake. Momwe mungachiritsire matenda ashuga kumayambiriro kwa matendawa?

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda umaphatikizira kuphwanya kapangidwe ka insulin ndi maselo apadera a pancreatic. Matenda amtunduwu amafuna kukonzekera koyambirira kwa insulin. Choyamba, zakudya zapadera zimaperekedwa zomwe zimaloleza kuti pakhale nthawi yayitali magazi osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala - ngati gawo loyambirira la matenda ashuga limapezeka koyambirira.

Zopatsa mphamvu zama calorie azakudya zizigwirizana ndi mphamvu zomwe munthu amagwiritsa ntchito,
Chofunikira ndikofunikira pakuphatikizidwa kwa zakudya zopanda mafuta m'mimba, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi woyeretsa thupi ndikupeza zinthu zovulaza, ndikupatsanso kumva kuti mukusuntha, popanda kuwonjezera shuga.
Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu za m'mimba zimagawidwa mwachangu komanso pang'onopang'ono. Zakudya zowonda pang'ono zimayenera kupanga gawo lalikulu la zakudya za munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, chifukwa chakudya chophatikiza ndi mafuta ochulukirapo chimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga mkati mwa mphindi 15 mutatha kudya,
Shuga amasinthidwa ndi zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala ndi kukoma kwake, koma osatsogolera pakuwonjezeka kwa glucose - fructose, xylitol, sorbitol,
Chakudya chizikhala chamasewera - nthawi zambiri pang'onopang'ono.

Kutsatira zakudya zoyenera ndi munthu wathanzi kuyankha funso - momwe mungapewere matenda a shuga.

Chithandizo chachiwiri chofunikira cha mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga choyambirira ndichida cha insulin. Mankhwala atangoyamba kumene, ayambitsidwa, ndipo izi zimachitika mwachangu kuti mavuto ena adzakwaniritsidwa.

Pakadali pano, pali mitundu ingapo ya insulin yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ashuga koyambira. Amasiyanasiyana nthawi yayitali. Kusankhidwa kwa mtundu umodzi kapena mtundu wa insulin kumadalira kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Nthawi zambiri, kuphatikiza mankhwalawa ndi insulin yochepa komanso yayitali kumayikidwa, ndipo mitundu yonse iwiri ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mosiyanasiyana.

Kwenikweni, insulin imayendetsedwa popanda kugwiritsidwa ntchito, komabe, ngati kuli koyenera, njira zonse ziwiri zamkati zama intaneti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi makina osunthira, ndikofunikira kusintha mawebusayiti ena, chifukwa insulin imatha kuwononga mafuta, ndipo zolakwika zimatha kupezeka pakhungu.

Matenda a shuga ndi nephropathy ndimatchulidwe odziwika bwino a matenda a impso a shuga. Mawuwa amafotokoza zotupa za matenda a impso (glomeruli ndi tubules), komanso zombo zomwe zimawadyetsa.

Matenda a diabetes nephropathy ndi owopsa chifukwa amatha kutha kufikira gawo lomaliza (losautsa) la kulephera kwa impso. Poterepa, wodwalayo adzafunika kuyesedwa kapena kupatsirana kwa impso.

Matenda a diabetes nephropathy ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa kufa koyambirira komanso kulemala kwa odwala. Matenda a shuga sikuti ndi okhawo omwe amachititsa vuto la impso. Koma pakati pa omwe akudwala dialysis ndikuyimirira pamzere wa impso wothandizira, ndiye wodwala kwambiri. Chimodzi mwazifukwa izi ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa matenda ashuga a 2.