Cholesterol kagayidwe mu thupi - zamankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi kaphatikizidwe

• Imakhazikika pamisempha ya shuga kwa nthawi yayitali
• Imabwezeretsa kapangidwe ka insulin

Owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito bwino Aterol kutsitsa cholesterol. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa thupi ndi cholesterol. Amatenga gawo la lipid metabolism, yomwe ndi njira yovuta kwambiri yolumikizira thupi ndi michere yomwe imachitika m'maselo a chamoyo chilichonse.

Cholesterol ndi mafuta, ambiri omwe amapangidwa m'thupi la munthu (chiwindi, glands), adrenal cortex, ndipo gawo lina limalowetsedwa ndi chakudya. Lipid ndiye gawo lalikulu la ziwalo za cell, zomwe zimathandizira pakusungidwa kwa kusankha kwakanthawi, komwe kumafunikira kuti pakhale mankhwala mkati ndi kunja. Cholesterol ili pakati pamagulu a polar a phospholipids, kuchepetsa kutsika kwa maselo a cell.

Ntchito za cholesterol mthupi

Cholesterol imagwira ntchito zambiri, zomwe zimatenga gawo popanga ma cell membrane, imasungidwa m'mafuta amkati, ndiye maziko a mapangidwe a bile, ikuphatikizidwa ndi kapangidwe ka mahomoni a steroid (aldosterone, estradiol, cortisol), ndipo ndikofunikira popanga vitamini D.

Cholesterol yopangidwa m'chiwindi imatha kuperekedwa m'njira zingapo:

• Fomu yaulere
• Mwanjira ya ma ether,
• Ma acid akhungu.

Kuphatikizika kwa cholesterol m'thupi la munthu ndimachitidwe ovuta, okhala ndi nkhope zingapo. Mwa chilichonse cha iwo mumakhala kusintha kwazinthu zina kukhala zina. Kusintha konse kumayendetsedwa chifukwa cha zochita za ma enzymes, omwe amaphatikiza phosphatase, reductase ndi ena. Zochita za ma enzymes zimayendetsedwa ndi mahomoni monga insulin ndi glucagon.

Mitundu ina ya cholesterol m'thupi imathandizira pakupanga matenda osiyanasiyana. Zowopsa komanso zofala kwambiri ndi atherosulinosis, momwe mumakhala kusokonezeka kwa dongosolo lamtima chifukwa cha mapangidwe a mapangidwe a atherosclerotic m'matumbo.

Ndiye chifukwa chake kuphwanya kagayidwe ka cholesterol kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa thanzi la munthu.

Metabolism ya cholesterol ndi omwe amatenga nawo mbali

Mapangidwe a lipoproteins amaphatikizapo mapuloteni mkati mwake omwe ndi lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides). Amawonetsetsa kuti ma lipids omwe alibe madzi amalowa m'magazi.

Lipoproteins amagwira ntchito monga chonyamulira mafuta, omwe amatenga pamalo oyenera ndikunyamula kupita komwe kukufunika.

Ya lipids yayikulu kwambiri yomwe imanyamula ma triglycerides ndi ma chylomicrons

Pakuchepa kwambiri kwa lipoproteins (VLDL) kofunikira kwambiri kuti musunthe triglycerides yomwe yangopangidwa kumene kuchokera ku chiwindi kupita ku minofu ya adipose.

Intermediate Density Lipoproteins (STDs) ndi ulalo wapakati pakati pa VLDL ndi LDL.

Ma density lipoproteins (LDL) ndi omwe amayendetsa kayendedwe ka cholesterol kuchokera ku chiwindi kupita kuma cell a thupi ndipo amatchedwa cholesterol yoyipa.

Ma high density lipoproteins (HDL), kapena cholesterol yabwino, amatenga nawo mbali potolera cholesterol kuchokera kumankhwala amthupi ndikuyibwezeretsa ku chiwindi.

Pakadali pano, asayansi atsimikizira kuti zotsalira za ma chylomicrons limodzi ndi VLDL ndi LDL zimayambitsa kupanga ngati matenda a atherosclerosis.

Lipid metabolism imatha kuchitika m'njira ziwiri zazikulu - zamkati komanso zakunja. Chipangizochi chimakhazikitsidwa ndi komwe ma lipids amafunsidwa.

Njira Yosinthira Yachilendo

Kusintha kwa kagayidwe kotereku ndi chikhalidwe cha cholesterol chomwe chalowa m'thupi kuchokera kunja (ndikugwiritsa ntchito mkaka, nyama ndi zakudya zina). Kusinthaku kumachitika m'magawo.

Gawo loyamba ndi kulowetsedwa kwa cholesterol ndi mafuta m'mimba, komwe amasinthidwa kukhala ma chylomicrons,

Kenako ma chylomicrons amasamutsidwa m'magazi kudzera mu thoracic lymphatic flow (lymphatic collector yomwe imasonkhanitsa michere yathupi lonse).

Kenako, polumikizana ndi zotumphukira, ma chylomicrons amapatsa mafuta awo. Pamaso pawo pali lipoprotein lipases yomwe imalola kuti mafuta azilowetsedwa mu mawonekedwe a mafuta acids ndi glycerol, omwe amathandizira pakuwonongeka kwa triglycerides.

Ma chylomicron ena amachepetsedwa kukula. Kupanga kwa lipoprotein yopanda kanthu koopsa, kumachitika, komwe kumapititsidwa ku chiwindi

Kutulutsa kwawo kumachitika pomumanga apolipoprotein E ndi zolandilira zawo zotsalira.

Njira yokhazikika

Ngati cholesterol yapangidwa m'thupi la munthu ndi chiwindi, kagayidwe kake kamachitika molingana ndi mfundo iyi:

1. mafuta ndi cholesterol yomwe yangopangidwa kumene m'thupi yolumikizidwa ndi VLDL.
2. VLDL imalowa m'magazi, omwe amapezeka pakati pa chakudya, pomwe amafalikira mpaka zotumphukira.
3. Popeza afikira minofu ndi adipose minofu, amachepetsa glycerol ndi mafuta acids.
4. Pambuyo pochulukitsa kwambiri ma lipoprotein ataya mafuta awo ambiri, amayamba kukhala ocheperako ndipo amatchedwa lipproteins yapakati.
5. Mapangidwe a lipoprotein yopanda kanthu, omwe amakhala ndi lipoprotein otsika kwambiri.
6. Ma lipoproteins apakati amalowa m'chiwindi, akumamwa magazi.
7. Pamenepo amawola mothandizidwa ndi ma enzyme mu LDL,
8. LDL cholesterol imazungulira ndipo imatengedwa ndi minofu ingapo pomanga ma cell receptors awo ku LDL receptors.

Zizindikiro ndi matenda okhala ndi matenda a lipid metabolism

Pali mawonetseredwe akunja ndi amkati a cholesterol yapamwamba m'magazi. Tiyeni tiwalingalire mwatsatanetsatane.

Kunja Izi zimaphatikizapo kunenepa kwambiri, kukulira chiwindi ndi ndulu, endocrine ndi matenda aimpso, xanthomas pakhungu.

Zamkati Kutengera ngati pali zochulukirapo kapena kusowa kwa zinthu. Matenda a shuga, matenda obadwa nawo monga cholowa, kuperewera kwa zakudya kumatha kuyambitsa cholesterol yambiri. Muzochitika zanjala yodzifunira komanso osayang'anira chikhalidwe cha chakudya, ndi zovuta zam'mimba komanso zovuta zina zamtundu, zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa lipid zimawonedwa.

Mpaka pano, madokotala azindikira matenda angapo obadwa nawo a dyslipidemic, omwe amadziwika ndi kuphwanya kwa lipid metabolism. Ndikotheka kuzindikira ma pathologies oterewa pogwiritsa ntchito ma lipid oyambirira ndikuwunika mayeso amitundu yonse.

• Hypercholesterolemia. Awa ndi matenda obadwa nawo omwe amapatsira anthu ena zambiri. Mulinso ma pathologies a magwiridwe antchito ndi zochita za LDL receptors. Amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa LDL ndi chitukuko cha kuphatikiza atherosulinosis,
• Hypertriglyceridemia. Amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa triglycerides kuphatikiza ndi insulin kukokana komanso kusagwira bwino mu kayendedwe ka kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi milingo ya uric acid,
• Zosokoneza mu kagayidwe kachakudya njira yapamwamba kachulukidwe lipoproteins. Ndi nthenda yachilendo ya autosomal momwe mumakhala masinthidwe amtundu, omwe amachititsa kuchepa kwa HDL komanso atherosulinosis yoyambirira.
• Mitundu yosakanikirana ya hyperlipidemia.

Ngati vuto la kuphwanya cholesterol mu thupi lapezeka, ndikofunikira kuchita chithandizo, mogwirizana ndi malangizo a dokotala. Ambiri amatengera njira zina zochepetsera cholesterol, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zothandiza komanso zimathandizira kuti cholesterol ikhale yachilendo, mosasamala kanthu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda komanso zaka za wodwalayo.

About metabolsterol metabolism akufotokozedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.

• Imakhazikika pamisempha ya shuga kwa nthawi yayitali
• Imabwezeretsa kapangidwe ka insulin

Kodi magazi a lipid ndi njira yanji ndikuwunika momwe ntchitoyo ikuwunikira

Mutha kuyankhula zambiri za zoopsa ndi mapindu a mafuta, cholesterol, koma chowonadi chake ndichakuti zowonjezera zake zimakhala zovulaza, ndipo kuchepa kwakeko nkwaipanso. Vutoli ndilo kupangika kwa majini ndipo, pamlingo wina, moyo ndi zakudya.
Lipidogram ndi njira yofufuzira ya labotale yomwe imazindikira kusintha koopsa kwa kagayidwe kamafuta kamene kamayambitsa matenda a mtima.

Thupi limafunikira cholesterol

Tiyeni tiwone chifukwa chomwe timafunikira cholesterol. Mwapangidwe, icho, kukhala lipoprotein, ndi gawo limodzi la khoma la maselo, kupereka kuuma kwake. Ndi gawo lofunikira lamahomoni ogonana omwe amachititsa kukula komanso kukulitsa thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, imakhudzidwa ndikupanga bile - gawo lofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito bwino dongosolo la m'mimba. Monga mukuwonera, kufunikira kwa cholesterol sikunganyalanyazidwe.

Pali mbali ina.

Mafuta owononga komanso tizigawo ta cholesterol

M'magazi, cholesterol imayenda ndi mapuloteni. Mitundu yotsatirayi ya zovuta za lipid imadziwika:

• otsika kachulukidwe lipoproteins (LDL) - kachigawo kowopsa kwambiri ka lipids m'magazi ndi atherogenicity yayikulu (kuthekera kupanga atherosranceotic malo),
• highensens lipoproteins (HDL) - kuletsa mapangidwe a atherosulinotic malo mu ziwiya, kunyamula cholesterol yaulere ku ma cell a chiwindi, komwe imakonzedwa. Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwawo ndikwabwino,
• otsika kwambiri lipoproteins (VLDL) - atatenga cholesterol kuchokera ku HDL, amasintha kukhala LDL. M'malo mwake, mankhwala oopsa kwambiri komanso atherogenic,
• triglycerides ndizophatikiza zamafuta, gwero lofunikira lamphamvu maselo. Kuchuluka kwawo m'magazi kumatsimikiziranso kuti atherosulinosis.

Monga mukuwonera, kuwunika kwa chiwopsezo cha matenda amtima wokhazikika pokhudzana ndi cholesterol yathunthu sikuthandiza. Zowonadi, ngakhale ndi mulingo wabwinobwino paliponse, koma ndi kuchuluka kwa magawo owopsa, chiwopsezo ndi chachikulu.

Ndani akuwonetsedwa komanso momwe angakonzekerere

Kufunika kophunzira milomo yamagazi ya lipid:

• Pa mayeso achizolowezi a odwala athanzi omwe amakhala nawo kamodzi pa zaka zisanu,
• Ndi chiwonjezero chokwanira cha cholesterol pakuwunika kwazinthu zam'magazi,
• Pamaso pa zinthu zomwe zingachitike pachiwopsezo (zaka, kunenepa kwambiri, kusuta, matenda ashuga, kukhala chete),
• Ndi chibadwa chovuta (kukhalapo kwa matenda amtima, matenda ashuga, stroke kapena vuto la mtima mwa abale),
• Kuwunika momwe mankhwalawa amathandizira ndi ma statins ndi zakudya zomwe zimachepetsa lipid.

Pa kudalirika kwa zotsatirazi, malamulo otsatirawa ayenera kuonedwa:

1. Onjezani magazi m'mayendedwe a lipid m'mawa, ndipo osachepera maola 10 atatha kudya,
2. Musamamwe mowa tsiku lililonse, kusuta ola limodzi musanafike
3. Yesetsani kupewa kupsinjika-pamalingaliro ndi kukhudzidwa kwam'tsogolo tsiku lotsatira.

Zotsatira za kusanthula

Mbiri ya lipid imayimiridwa ndi izi:

Kuthekera kwa atherogenicity, komwe kumawonetsera kuchuluka kwa atherogenic lipoproteins kwa osagwirizana ndi atherogenic, kumathandizidwanso. Zikuwoneka ngati:

KA (atherogenic coeffnty) = (chonsecho cholesterol-HDL) / HDL

Nthawi zambiri, chizindikirochi chimayenera kukhala chochepa kuposa 3. Ndi mtengo wa 3 mpaka 4, chiopsezo chokhala ndi zotupa za atherosrance Ndipo ngati mphamvu ya ma atherogenic ifika 5 kapena kuposerapo, matendawa amakhala akusinthika ndipo akupita patsogolo.

Ganizirani mbiri ya lipid mwatsatanetsatane.

Zomwe zingakhudze izi.

Zotsatira za Lipid zitha kupotozedwa chifukwa cha zifukwa zotsatirazi:

• kudya zakudya zamafuta tsiku latha
• kusuta ola limodzi kusanthula,
• kupsinjika, kuzizira, matenda owopsa,
• mimba
• matenda a chiwindi ndi impso,
• kumwa mankhwala ena kumakhudza zotsatira zake,
• Mayeso osiyanitsa ndi X-ray atatsala pang'ono kusanthula.

Chifukwa chake, kuthekera kopeza atherosulinosis ndi kokwanira ngati, malinga ndi mbiri ya lipid:

• kuchuluka mafuta m'thupi,
• kuchuluka kwa LDL ndi VLDL,
• Zinthu za HDL zachepa,
• cholowa cha atherogenic ndichoposa zitatu.

Pazonse zomwe tazitchulazi, mankhwala a lipid-kuchepetsa ndi zakudya zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a metabolism amafotokozedwa.

Owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito bwino Aterol kutsitsa cholesterol. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Kukonzekera kwa matenda a magazi mafuta m'thupi

Cholesterol, kuchuluka kwathunthu m'magazi omwe ndi apamwamba kuposa 6.5 mmol / l, kumafunika kukonzedwa mwachangu. Ngati chakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolimbitsa thupi sizingatheke kusintha njira za metabolic, itembenukireni ku chithandizo cha mankhwala. Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti chithandizo chamankhwala chitha kukhala chothandiza pokhapokha ngati wodwala amvera malingaliro a dokotala, popewa kudzichitira nokha mankhwala. Mankhwala omwe amatha kuthana ndi cholesterol m'magazi, kuchepetsa, kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ambiri, komanso contraindication. Ndi mankhwala ati omwe amalimbana ndi cholesterol, momwe amakhudzira thupi ndi omwe ndi othandiza kwambiri, timaphunziranso.

Gulu la mankhwala

Kutengera momwe mankhwalawo amachepetsa magazi a cholesterol, mankhwala onse amatha kugawidwa m'magulu a mankhwalawa:

1. Ziphuphu - zimakhala ndizovuta, zimachepetsa kapangidwe ka cholesterol "choyipa". Kusintha kwawo kovuta kumakhala ndizovuta zambiri, koma zomwe zimachitika ndizothamanga kwambiri komanso motalika kwambiri.
2. Malangizo a lipid metabolism - amathandizira pakupanga cholesterol yabwino, komanso osalola zoipa kudziunjikira m'matumba.
3. Mankhwala omwe salola kuti cholesterol imidwe m'matumbo - ntchito yawo cholinga chake ndikuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa maselo kuchokera pachakudya chomwe, chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wopititsa muyeso wa cholesterol wachilengedwe wopangidwa ndi maselo a chiwindi ndi yokumba, omwe amachokera kunja.
4. Ma Statin ndi amodzi mwa mankhwala othandiza kutsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti michere ya chiwindi ikhale, ndikuletsa kupanga kwawo. Nthawi yomweyo, kupanga mafuta m'thupi kumachepa kwambiri, kuyambira pomwe mulingo m'magazi umatsika mwachilengedwe.
5. Otsata a bile acids - zigawo zikuluzikulu za mankhwala, kulowa m'matumbo, kugwira ma acid a bile, kuzimitsa ndi kuzichotsa m'thupi.

Ndi gulu liti la mankhwalawa omwe dokotala adzalembera zimadalira kuzindikira kwake komanso zomwe zimayambitsa matendawo. Mankhwala ochepetsa cholesterol yamagazi ali ndi contraindication ndipo sangathe kupatsidwa kwa anthu osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi kuchuluka komanso kuchuluka. Mlingo wa chinthuchi panthawi ya chithandizo umayendetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito kuyezetsa magazi, komwe kumathandizira kudziwa ngati mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito mwanjira inayake. Chifukwa chake, simuyenera kuchita nawo mankhwalawa, omwe sangakhale othandiza, komanso okhala ndi zovuta zina. Katswiri wokha ndi amene amadziwa kuchepetsa magazi a cholesterol ndipo nthawi yomweyo osatulutsa ziwonetsero zina za pathologies.

Mankhwala omwe ali mgululi amatulutsa kagayidwe ka lipid, komwe kamakupatsani mwayi wobwezeretsa cholesterol m'magazi, popanda mtengo wokwanira wathanzi. Kuchita kwawo kukulepheretsa kupanga kwa triglycerides ndi maselo a chiwindi, komanso kutha kwachilengedwe kwa mafuta a cholesterol m'thupi.Nthawi zambiri, mankhwalawa amatchulidwa pamaso pa matenda a shuga ndi matenda ena a autoimmune omwe amakhala ndi vuto la metabolic m'thupi.

Mapindu ake

Fibates amatha kukhala ndi zovuta, zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsatirazi:

1. Amatseka mwachindunji maselo a chiwindi omwe amapanga mafuta a cholesterol.
2. Ali ndi katundu wotsutsa-kutupa ndi antioxidant.
3. Makoma owongoka amitsempha yama magazi amawonekera, ndikuwachotsa zidziwitso ndi mapepala.
4. Pewani magazi.
5. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikiza ndi mankhwala ena omwe amachepetsa cholesterol yamagazi.
6. Osayambitsa zoyipa.

Fibrate imatha kuperekedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi milingo yochepa kwambiri ya lipidoproteins.

Zoyipa

Nthawi zambiri, mafupa amachititsa kuti thupi lizigaya bwino ntchito ya kugaya chakudya m'mimba (kusanza, kusanza, kutsekula m'mimba), komanso kusokonezeka kwamanjenje, mpaka kukhumudwa komanso kusachita chidwi. Pamaso pa vuto lalikulu la matenda amanjenje komanso matenda amtima, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mothandizidwa ndi madokotala.

Mankhwala

Mtundu waposachedwa wa mankhwala omwe amatha kusokoneza thupi, kutsitsa magazi m'thupi mwachangu, ali ndi mayina amitundu:

• Lipantil
• Cyprofibrate,
• Exlip,
• Gemfibrozil
• Bezafibrat,
• Grofibrat
• Tricor
• Gavilon
• Fenofibrate
• Clofibrate.

Mankhwala amaperekedwa ndi mankhwala, ndipo amatengedwa pokhapokha ngati atatsimikizira kuti ali ndi matendawa ndikuwunika kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi.

Lipid kagayidwe

Choyimiriridwa ndi zokonza zopangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zachilengedwe zachilengedwe. Bwezeretsani kuchepa kwa phospholipids, chifukwa chosowa chomwe m'thupi mumalephera lipid metabolism, momwe kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa kumachulukira mwachangu. Mankhwala omwe amachepetsa cholesterol amagwira mwachindunji pama cell a chiwindi, amawabwezeretsa.

Chithandizo cham'mimba cholesterol mayamwidwe

Mankhwala a gululi amatha kuyambitsa chimbudzi m'matumbo. Zogwira ntchito zimaphatikizana ndi lipids zomwe zimabwera kuchokera ku chakudya, zimasokoneza ndikuzichotsa m'thupi. Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa m'magazi kumatsikanso, chifukwa cha mphamvu ya mankhwalawa kupangitsa maselowo m'matumbo, kulimbikitsa kayendedwe kake m'chiwindi kuti chiwonongeke mopitilira muyeso. Ndi cholesterol yayikulu, mankhwalawa ali ndi phindu lothandizira, chifukwa chake sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala akuluakulu. Phatikizani bwino ndi mankhwala ena omwe amachepetsa cholesterol.

Otsatira a bile acid

Mankhwala omwe ali mgululi amawonetsa kawiri. Akalowa m'matumbo, amagwira ndikusintha ma asidi onse a bile, pambuyo pake kusowa kwa thupi kumachitika. Maselo a chiwindi amayambitsa njira yomwe imagwirizanitsa ma asidi omwe akusowa awa kuchokera ku maselo a cholesterol omwe alipo. Pali kudya kwachilengedwe kwa zinthu zoyipa kuchokera m'magazi, zomwe zimakupatsani kukula kwake.

Mankhwala ena

Mapiritsi a cholesterol, omwe amawunikira bwino pakati pa odwala, ndi a probucol ndi Niacin. Yoyamba posachedwa imatsitsa kuchepa kwa cholesterol yoyipa, komanso imakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa zabwino. Zimasiyanasiyana pakanthawi kochepa kogwiritsa ntchito (mpaka miyezi 6), ndipo zotsatira zoyambirira zimawonekera pambuyo pa miyezi 2-3 ya chithandizo.

Nicotinic acid mwachilengedwe ndi gulu la vitamini B, motero, limakulitsa kuchuluka kwa LDL ndikuchepetsa HDL. Nthawi yomweyo, cholesterol imachepa mwachilengedwe, koma pang'onopang'ono. Mchitidwewo ungachedwetsedwe kwa miyezi 5-7. Niacin ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikiza ndi mankhwala ena othandizira kukweza cholesterol yabwino ndikupangitsa cholesterol yoyipa kutsika.

Chifukwa chake, othandizira otsitsa cholesterol ali ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zakukhudzira thupi, zomwe ziyenera kukumbukiridwa. Ena amachulukitsa cholesterol yopindulitsa, pomwe ena amachepetsa pamodzi ndi cholesterol yoyipa. Mndandanda wamankhwala omwe aperekedwa ndi a zidziwitso zokhazokha. Katswiri yekha yemwe amadziwa bwino matendawa ndipo ali ndi luso linalake ndi amene ayenera kulandira mankhwala. Kudzichitira nokha mankhwala sikovomerezeka.

Zomwe zili zowopsa pakumachepetsa cholesterol

Cholesterol ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakachulukidwe kachilengedwe, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito bwino thupi sizingatheke. Komabe, kuwonjezereka kwa cholesterol kwa nthawi yayitali kumabweretsa kuwonekera kwa malo a atherosulinotic. Ndi zizindikiro ziti za cholesterol zapamwamba zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana ndikuletsa mavuto panthawi?

Mtengo wa zinthu

Pafupifupi 20% yokha ya cholesterol yomwe imachokera ku chakudya, zotsalazo zimapangidwa m'thupi. Cholesterol ndi mafuta ngati chinthu chofunikira pakuphatikizika kwa:

• mahomoni ogonana ndi corticosteroids,
• bile acid
• mavitamini osungunuka a mafuta (A, E, D).

Cholesterol imakhudza kulimba kwa khoma la khungu, ndikofunikira kuti chitetezo chisasokonekera komanso kugwira ntchito kwa minyewa yamitsempha.

Mu thupi, cholesterol imapezeka mumkhalidwe wophatikizidwa ndi mapuloteni amwazi. Ma lipoproteins okwera kwambiri amasunthira ku ma cell a chiwindi, omwe amachotsa cholesterol m'thupi. Ma lipoproteins otsika kwambiri amapulumutsa cholesterol ku zotumphukira zimakhala.

Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi, kuwunika kwamomweku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito - ichi ndi chofunikira kwambiri. Tsoka ilo, mdziko lathu chiwerengero cha anthu opempha kuti apatsidwe njira zodzitchinjiriza ndi chotsika kwambiri.

Mulingo wofunikira mu magazi kwa akazi kuyambira zaka 20 mpaka 60 ndi 5.0-6.0 mmol / l, kwa amuna ochepera zaka 50 - 5.3-5.6 mmol / l. Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwake mu seramu yamagazi kumatchedwa hypercholesterolemia.

Phunziroli silitenga chidwi cha kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi, komanso kuchuluka kwa magawo ake okhala otsika kwambiri komanso otsika kwambiri. Chiwerengerochi chokhala bwino kwambiri chimapezeka mwa ana obadwa kumene ndipo ndi wofanana ndi 1, mwa munthu wamkulu kuposa zaka 30, cholesterol coefflication imakwera mpaka 3-3,5. Kuwonjezeka kwa ziwerengero zopitilira 4 kumawonetsa kuphwanya kwakukulu.

Tisanalankhule za kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa chinthu chonga mafuta m'thupi, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zomwe zikuwonetsa.

Mlingo wa cholesterol wabwino suyenera kugwera pansi pa 2.25 mmol / l mwa amuna, ndi 1.95 mmol / l mwa akazi. Malire otsika a cholesterol oyipa mwa amuna ndi 0.7 mmol / L, mwa akazi - 0,85 mmol / L.

Chifukwa chiyani cholesterol yotsika mtengo ndiyowopsa paumoyo wa anthu? Asayansi atsimikizira kuti mwayi wokhala ndi vuto loyipitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa chinthuchi umachulukanso.

Panthawi imeneyi, vuto la m'maganizo limatha kuchitika. Mayiko okhumudwitsa amakula, kukhala wokwiya kumawonjezera, kapena, mosiyana,, kusasamala. Katundu pa chiwindi, impso, mapapu ndi ubongo zimakulanso.

Kodi zimachokera kuti?

Zambiri zimapangidwa ndi thupi lomwe. Chiwindi, impso ndi adrenal gland, gonads, matumbo amatenga nawo gawo popanga - ntchito yawo imapatsa thupi mafuta a cholesterol ndi 80%. 20% yotsala imapita kwa munthu ndi chakudya.

Pafupifupi maselo onse ndi minyewa yamthupi imachita nawo kaphatikizidwe. Ambiri mwa maselo ndi maselo a chiwindi - hepatocytes. Pafupifupi 10% ya cholesterol yonse imapangidwa ndi maselo a makoma a matumbo aang'ono, pafupifupi 5% - maselo apakhungu.

Mwanjira ina, chiwindi ndi chomwe chimathandizira kwambiri ku cholesterol metabolism m'thupi. Samangopanga mowa uwu ndi hepatocytes, komanso amafunikira cholesterol mwachangu kuti azigwira ntchito zofunika. Chifukwa cha izi, chiwindi chimatenga lipoprotein kuchokera m'magazi.

Zovuta zam'mimba zomwe zimachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a hypocholesterolemia

Mkhalidwe wamtunduwu umadzetsa kukhazikika kwa matenda angapo, kotero ndikofunika kudziwa zomwe zingayambitse.

Cholesterol yochepa imatha kupezeka mu milandu yotsatirayi:

1. Zoyambitsa. Izi nthawi zina zimawonedwa muubwana. Potere, kudziwitsa zam'tsogolo ndi njira zingapo zomwe mayi amakhala nazo pathupi zimagwira gawo lalikulu. Mwa anthu, kubadwa kwatsopano kwa chiwindi nthawi zambiri kumatsimikiziridwa.
2. Zakudya zamafuta ochepa, zamafuta ochulukirapo komanso zakumwa zoledzeretsa zimatha kuchepetsa mafuta m'thupi. Motere, zakudya zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu azichepetsa thupi ndizowopsa.
3. Zinthu zovuta. Amatsogolera kutsika kwa thupi m'thupi. Kupanga kwa mahomoni a adrenaline ndi norepinephrine kumawonjezera, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri mulingo wa chinthu ichi m'magazi.
4. Matenda a chiwindi nthawi zambiri amakhala omwe amachititsa kuti izi zitheke. Chiwindi ndi chiwalo chachikulu chomwe chimapanga chinthu chokhala ngati mafuta m'thupi la munthu. Cholesterol chochepa nthawi zambiri chimakhala chizindikiro cha matenda amtunduwu ndi kukula kwa chiwindi.
5. Kuchepa kwa michere kwa ziwalo. Izi zitha kuchitika ngati munthu ali ndi njala kwanthawi yayitali, kapena zakudya zake ndizochepa komanso zosiyanasiyana. Komanso kusowa kwa mavitamini ndi michere kumatha kuchitika mu matenda am'mimba komanso kuwonongeka mu ntchito yawo yodziyimira ndikulimbitsa.
6. Mankhwala ena amakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa monga kutsika msana wamafuta ngati chinthu.
7. Hypofunction ya chithokomiro England kumabweretsa kukula kwa matenda osiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo hypocholesterolemia.
8. Kukhazikika kosaloledwa kwa ma statins kapena kusankha kwa Mlingo wosayenera.
9. Kuchepa kwa hemoglobin m'magazi pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana.
10. Poizoni wakuthupi.
11. Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa thupi komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi ma virus komanso mabakiteriya.

Ngati thupi lakhala cholesterol yabwino, ndiye kuti zimachitika mosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Zimakhudza ziwalo zofunika, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri moyo wamunthu. Zotsatira za cholesterol yotsika:

1. Kukula kwa kuperewera kwa Vitamini, popeza kuti mayamwidwe ndi kunyentchera kwa mavitamini osungunuka a mafuta, kuphatikiza vitamini D, amasokonezeka ndi thupi.Kuperewera kwa vitaminiyu kumabweretsa kukula kwa mafupa osalimba, ndiye kuti, matendawa amapezeka - mafupa.
2. Kukula kwa hemorrhagic sitiroko kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kusokonekera kwa ziwiya. Zikawonongeka, magazi amalowa m'makola. Matendawa ndi oopsa kwambiri, chifukwa ndimomwe chimayambitsa matenda mwa odwala.
3. Nembanemba yamatumbo imayamba kulowa m'magazi ndikutulutsa poyizoni komwe kumasonkhana mkati mwake.
4. Kupanga kwa mahomoni achisangalalo, serotonin, kumasokonezedwa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake odwala amakumana ndi mavuto amisala (ukali, kukhumudwa, kusowa chidwi ndi kudzipatula).
5. Chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa mafuta m'thupi, munthu amakhala wowonda kwambiri.
6. Type II matenda a shuga.
7. Cholesterol imagwira nawo ntchito yopanga mahomoni ogonana. Ndi kuchepa kwa mulingo wake, mwayi wakubala woperewera ndiwokwera.

Pofuna kupewa zoyipa, muyenera kumalandira chithandizo choyenera. Mankhwalawa atangoyamba kumene, amakhala ndi mwayi wopitiliza thanzi.

Cholesterol m'thupi la munthu imapangidwa ndi chiwindi, ziwalo zina ndi impso. Nthawi yomweyo, cholesterol yomwe imapangidwa ndi ziwalo zimapanga 80% yokha ya cholesterol yonse m'magazi.

Kodi cholesterol yotsika kwambiri imawononga thupi?

20% yotsala imalowa m'thupi ndi chakudya makamaka zochokera ku nyama. Nthawi zambiri izi zimasintha m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwamuna weniweniyo amathandizira pochita izi ndi zakudya komanso moyo wake.

Mafuta a cholesterol amapezeka mu mawonekedwe a lipoprotein otsika komanso okwera. Mwakutero, lipoproteins yotsika imawerengedwa kuti "yoyipa", kuwonjezeka kwa milingo yawo kumayambitsa mapangidwe a atherosulinotic m'matumbo ndikuwakwiyitsa mtima ndi stroko. Ponena za kukweza cholesterol, izi zimatengera kuwonjezeka kwa LDL.

Zimayenda bwanji?

Malipuputeni, nawonso, amadziwika ndi:

1. Kulemera kwakukulu kwamankhwala opangidwa ndi (molecensity lipoproteins),
2. Kunenepa kwambiri:
3. Kunenepa kwambiri
4. Chylomicron wopangidwa ndi matumbo.

Ma lipoproteins osalimba amatha kutulutsa cholesterol kupita ku chiwindi, komwe amawachotsa. Chylomicron, lipoproteins yotsika komanso yotsika kwambiri imayang'anira kayendedwe ka cholesterol kupita ku zotumphukira.

Zizindikiro

Ngati mafuta a cholesterol akhala ochepera 3 mmol / l, ndiye kuti mankhwala amathandizidwa kuti azitha kusintha matendawa. Kodi matendawa angadziwike bwanji, ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe zimawonetsa kukhalapo kwake? Chizindikiro chodziwikiratu chazizindikiro ndi ma laborator.

• kusowa poyendetsa zogonana,
• kutopa ndi kufooka,
• mitsempha ya m'mimba imatha kuwonekedwa ndi palpation, pamene ikulitsa,
• kutaya mtima kapena kusakhalapo kwathunthu,
• ndowe zimakhala zonenepa
• kukula kwa kukhumudwa, ulesi, kapena kukwiya komanso mantha,
• zamkati zimachepa, chosokoneza bongo chimawonedwa.

Cholesterol choyipa komanso chabwino

Ubale pakati pa kusinthana kwa cholesterol m'thupi la munthu ndi mkhalidwe waumoyo watsimikiziridwa mwasayansi. Chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, LDL yotsika molekyulu imasungunuka bwino kwambiri ndipo imatha kupangika mwa mawonekedwe a mpweya m'mitsempha yamitsempha yamagazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mapangidwe a atherosselotic.

Mapilala amachepetsa kuunika kwa mitsempha yamagazi, kusokoneza kayendedwe ka magazi ku ziwalo, zomwe, zimatha kuyambitsa matenda a mtima, kugunda kwamtima, ndi stroke. Chifukwa chake, ma lipoprotein otchedwa "oyipa."

HDL yolemera kwambiri imapezeka m'magazi a munthu wathanzi lambiri, amatchedwa "abwino." Sangaikidwe pamakoma, chifukwa imasungunuka mosavuta m'magazi, potero, mosiyana ndi LDL, kuteteza makoma amitsempha yamagazi kuchokera ku atherosulinosis.

Matenda oyamba, monga matenda a shuga, matenda a chiwindi, chikhodzodzo, impso ndi ena angapo, zimakhudza kuwonjezeka kwa milingo ya LDL. Chifukwa chake, pakuwona kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol yoyipa "yoyipa, ndikofunikira kuyesa wodwalayo kwathunthu, kuyesera kuzindikira matenda onse omwe angachitike, kuphatikizapo omwe amatengera kwa makolo athu."

• Cholesterol (mawu amodzi: cholesterol) amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri machitidwe amthupi osiyanasiyana a thupi.Amatenga nawo mbali popanga mahomoni ogonana, pakusinthana mphamvu ndi michere, kapangidwe ka vitamini D3. Pokhala yopanda kanthu, imatengedwera thupi lonse, ndikusiyika mu lipoproteins yamitundu ingapo.
• Cholesterol imapangidwa ndi thupi laumunthu (kupanga amkati), komanso imachokera kunja ndi chakudya ndi zakumwa (njira yakunja).
• Metabolism yoyenera ya cholesterol imathandizira kuti magwiritsidwe ntchito a maselo onse amthupi pamlingo wofunikira. Mlingo wapamwamba wamtundu wa lipoproteins umalepheretsa mapangidwe a atherosulinotic malo. Mapoprotein ochepa a kulemera pang'ono, M'malo mwake, amawonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi atherosulinosis ndi kugunda kwa mtima. Cholesterol yokhayo sangathe kudzikundikira, kuphatikiza kwake kumachotsedwa m'thupi.
• Pofuna kuthana ndi kuphwanya cholesterol kaphatikizidwe kagayidwe kake m'thupi, ndikofunikira kuzindikira matenda onse ofanana komanso obadwa nawo, kuwonetsetsa momwe ziwalo zonse za anthu zimagwirira ntchito.

Ngakhale dzina lake lokhazikika, hypercholesterolemia sikuti nthawi zonse imakhala matenda, koma nthawi yeniyeni yachipatala yothandizira kupezeka kwa cholesterol yambiri m'magazi. Nthawi zambiri - chifukwa cha matenda ophatikizika.

Akatswiri amagwirizanitsa kuchuluka kwa vutoli ndi miyambo ndi zikhalidwe zakumadera osiyanasiyana. Ziwerengero zamankhwala zikuwonetsa kuti m'maiko omwe zakudya zawo za dziko zimangoyang'ana m'mbale zokhala ndi mafuta ochepa a nyama, milandu yotere imakhala yochepa kwambiri.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zitha kubisika mwa majini. Matendawa amatchulidwa ngati hypercholesterolemia, kapena SG (banja hypocholesterolemia). Kulandila jini losalongosoka lomwe limayambitsa cholesterol synthesis kuchokera kwa mayi, bambo, kapena makolo onse, mwana akhoza kukhala ndi matendawa.

Kugawidwa malinga ndi Fredrickson kumawerengedwa kuti ndi kovomerezeka, ngakhale kuwonekera kwa zovuta zosiyanasiyana za njira za lipid kuchokera pamenepo kudzawonekere kwa katswiri.

Fomu yachiwiriyo imayamba kukhalapo kwa zinthu zina zomwe zimapangitsa matenda. Kuphatikiza pazomwe zimayambitsa komanso momwe zinthu zilili, kuphatikiza komwe kumatha kubweretsa vuto, palinso zinthu zina zowopsa.

Kugawikidwako kwamatenda kumatengera zifukwa zakukhazikitsidwa kwake, koma mawonekedwe enieni a maphunzirowa kapena mawonekedwe akunja a mawonekedwe ake alibe:

• Fomu yoyamba siyimvetsedwa bwino, chifukwa palibe njira yodalirika yopewera. Homozygous achibale hypercholesterolemia amakula pamene majini achilendo amapezeka mwa makolo onse awiri. Heterozygous cholowa cholowa hypercholesterolemia (pamene gene ili m'modzi mwa makolo) imapezeka mu 90% ya odwala, pomwe homozygous matenda oopsa amtundu umodzi miliyoni.
• Sekondale (imayamba chifukwa cha matenda ndi matenda a metabolic),
• Alimentary nthawi zonse imagwirizanitsidwa ndi moyo wa munthu wina, ndipo imakula chifukwa cha zikhalidwe zosayenera kudya.

Chithandizo cha Hypocholesterolemia chimachitika ndi njira zosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, popeza palibe mankhwala oletsa matenda awa. Mwachilendo komanso osasiyidwa, mankhwalawa Niacin ndi mankhwala. Koma ili ndi zovuta zambiri zomwe sizingakhale ndi zotsatira zabwino paumoyo komanso thanzi.

Ngati choyambitsa matendawa ndi matenda aliwonse, ndiye kuti ndi yoyenera kulandira mankhwala. Pankhani ya kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, kukonzekera zachitsulo ndi zakudya zapadera zimawonetsedwa, zomwe zimakulitsa hemoglobin. Ma Vitamini maofesi nawonso amadziwika.

Ngati pali kulemera kwambiri, odwala amalangizidwa kuti asinthe zakudya zawo ndikuchita nawo masewera aliwonse. Chithandizo cham'madzi ndikuyenda ndizothandiza. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi komanso kudya zakudya zoyenera kumathandiza kuthana ndi vuto la kunenepa kwambiri.

Zizolowezi zoipa zimangokulitsa zinthu. Chifukwa chake, madokotala amalimbikitsa mwamphamvu kusiya kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa, chifukwa zimayambitsa zovuta za metabolic.

Zakudya zamankhwala

Pezani thanzi pankhaniyi ndikulimbikitsa kukulitsa cholesterol yabwino m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale ndizochepa, pali malire. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi ziyenera kukhala zolondola ndipo mwina sizingachitike kuti muchepetse kapena muchepetse kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe mumadya.

Zakudya, kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe ziyenera kukhala zochepa:

1. Masamba atsopano, chifukwa amathandizira kuchepetsa mafuta m'thupi. Masamba onse ndi antioxidants omwe amachotsa chinthu chonga mafuta m'thupi.
2. Ma legamu alibe mafuta, chifukwa chake, sangathandize kuti uchotse hypocholesterolemia.
3. Zakudya za nkhuku sizili ndi mafuta ambiri.
4. Ngakhale mtedza umakhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo pakupanga kwawo, mulibe cholesterol yambiri mwa iwo. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo chakudya sikungathandize kuthana ndi vutoli.
5. Mphesa ndi chimanga.

Kanani kwathunthu kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zili pamwambazi sikuyenera, chifukwa ndi athanzi. Koma kuchuluka kwawo kuyenera kukhala kopanda tanthauzo.

Zinthu zomwe ziyenera kuphatikizidwa muzakudya:

1. Mafuta a azitona
2. Nyamayo yokazinga ndi kuphika.
3. Nsomba zamafuta, monga mackerel.
4. Zoyipa.
5. Zidole za mazira a nkhuku.
6. Madzi a karoti (mwatsopano ofinya).
7. Cheeseke yokhala ndi mafuta opitilira 35%.

Kumbukirani kuti vutoli litha kuthetsedwa kokha mwakukulitsa cholesterol yabwino. Kudya zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi lipoprotein kungokulitsa mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo.