Njira Ya Insulinane Insulin

Insulin ndi mahomoni apachirengedwe omwe amawongolera kagayidwe kazinthu m'thupi. Ndi kuperewera kwake, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakwera, komwe kumabweretsa vuto lalikulu. Mwamwayi, kwa anthu amakono, shuga sakhala sentensi. Kuchuluka kwa insulin kumayendetsedwa ndi jakisoni wapadera. Uwu ndi chithandizo choyambirira cha mtundu wa I ndipo nthawi zina ndimalemba matenda a shuga a II. Kuwerengera kwa mankhwalawa kumapangidwa payekhapayekha kwa wodwala aliyense, koma njira yothandizira insulin ndi yofanana kwa aliyense, ndipo tidzakudziwani munkhaniyi.

Chifukwa chiyani tikufunika majakisoni?

Pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kapamba amayamba kugwira ntchito molakwika. Nthawi zambiri izi zimafotokozedwa pakuchepa kwa kupanga kwa insulin ya mahomoni, komwe, kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa njira zam'mimba ndi metabolic. Thupi limalephera kulandira mphamvu kuchokera ku chakudya chomwe chidadyedwa ndipo limakhala ndi shuga wambiri, yemwe, m'malo motengeka ndi maselo, amadziunjikira m'magazi. Izi zikachitika, kapamba amalandila chizindikiritso chakufunika kwa kuphatikizika kwa insulin. Koma chifukwa chakugwirira ntchito bwino kwa chiwalocho, timadzi tam'mimba timatulutsidwa. Vutoli limakulirakulirabe, pomwe kuchuluka kwa insulin mkati mwake kumayandikira zero.

Kuwongolera vutoli ndikotheka pokhapokha ngati maselo amapereka ma analog a mahomoni. Mankhwala nthawi yomweyo amapitilira moyo. Wodwala matenda a shuga tsiku lililonse amachita jakisoni kangapo. Ndikofunikira kuchita nawo munthawi yake, kuti mupewe zovuta. Mankhwala a insulin amakulolani kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikusungitsa kapamba ndi ziwalo zina pamlingo woyenera.

Malamulo a jekeseni ambiri

Njira yothandizira kuperekera insulin ndi chinthu choyamba chomwe odwala amaphunzitsidwa atazindikira kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga. Njirayi ndi yosavuta, koma imafunikira maluso oyenera komanso kumvetsetsa kwa ndondomekoyi. Chofunikira ndikutsatira malamulo a asepsis ndi antiseptics, i.e., sterility of the process. Kuti muchite izi, kumbukirani miyezo yotsatira yaukhondo:

• Manja azisamba musanachitike,
• malo a jakisoni amapukutidwa ndi nsalu yoyera kapena yoyera,
• Mwa jakisoni gwiritsani ntchito syringes ndi masingano apadera.

Pakadali pano, muyenera kudziwa kuti mowa umawononga insulin. Pochiza khungu ndi mankhwala, ndikofunikira kudikirira kutuluka kwake kwathunthu, kenako ndikutsatira njirayi.

Nthawi zambiri, insulin imathandizidwa mphindi 30 asanadye. Dokotalayo, potengera mawonekedwe a mahomoni opanga omwe ali ndi vuto la wodwalayo, apereka malingaliro payekha pazotsatira za mankhwalawo. Nthawi zambiri, mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala imagwiritsidwa ntchito masana: ndikuchita pang'ono kapena nthawi yayitali. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a insulin ndi yosiyana mwanjira ina.

Amayika kuti jekeseni?

Kubayira kulikonse kumakhala ndi malo ena omwe amalimbikitsidwa chifukwa chogwira ntchito bwino komanso motetezeka. Jakisoni wa insulin sangatchulidwe mtundu wamakonzedwe a intramuscular kapena intracutaneous. Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa mafuta ochepetsa. Insulin ikalowa minofu yamatumbo, ntchito yake imakhala yosatsimikizika, ndipo zomverera panthawi ya jakisoni zimapweteka. Chifukwa chake, jekeseni sangathe kuikidwa pena paliponse: sizigwira ntchito, zomwe zimakulitsa mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo.

Njira ya insulin yoyendetsera ntchito imakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zotsatirazi:

• kutsogolo ntchafu
• m'mimba (malo pafupi ndi navel),
• khola lakunja kwa matako,
• phewa.

Komanso, pakudzibayira nokha, malo osavuta kwambiri ndi m'chiuno ndi pamimba. Magawo awiri awa ndi amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya insulin. Mabakiteriya otulutsidwa amawayika mchiuno, ndipo jekeseni wothamanga msomali kapena paphewa.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani izi? Akatswiri akuti m'matumbo am'mapazi am'matumbo ndi m'makola akunja, kumayamwa pang'onopang'ono. Zomwe mukufuna insulin. Ndipo, m'malo mwake, pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo pamene maselo amthupi amalandila chinthu cholowa m'mimba ndi m'mapewa.

Ndi mawebusayiti ati omwe amasankhidwa bwino?

Malangizo omveka bwino ayenera kutsatidwa posankha malo a jakisoni. Zitha kukhala malo omwe alembedwa pamwambapa. Komanso, ngati wodwalayo achita jekeseni payekha, ndi bwino kusankha kutsogolo kwa ntchafu kwa chinthu chomwe chimatenga nthawi yayitali, ndi m'mimba kwa ma insulin anthawi yayitali komanso yochepa. Izi ndichifukwa kuperekera mankhwala paphewa kapena matako kumakhala kovuta. Nthawi zambiri, odwala amalephera kudzipangira pawokha khungu kuti lisalowe mu mafuta. Zotsatira zake, mankhwalawo amalowetsedwa molakwika m'matumbo a minofu, omwe samasintha mkhalidwe wa odwala matenda ashuga.

Pewani madera okhala ndi lipodystrophy (madera omwe alibe mafuta onunkhira) ndikupatuka kuchoka pamalo omwe adabayira jekeseni pafupifupi masentimita awiri. Kupatula malo osavomerezeka amchitidwewo, onetsetsani kuti palibe red, thickening, mabala, mabala, zizindikiro zowonongeka pakhungu pakompyuta yomwe idakonzedwa.

Kodi mungasinthe bwanji tsamba la jakisoni?

Ambiri odwala matenda ashuga amadalira insulin. Izi zikutanthauza kuti tsiku lililonse amayenera kupanga jakisoni angapo a mankhwalawo kuti amve bwino. Nthawi yomweyo, dera la jakisoni liyenera kusintha nthawi zonse: iyi ndi njira yoyendetsera insulin. Algorithm ya zomwe achita zimaphatikizapo zinthu zitatu:

1. Kuchita jakisoni pafupi ndi malo a jakisoni wapitayo, ndikubwerera kwa iyo pafupifupi 2 cm.
2. Gawani madera oyang'anira magawo anayi. Pakupita sabata, gwiritsani ntchito imodzi yaiwo, kenako pitani ina. Izi zimapangitsa khungu la madera ena kupumula ndikuchira. Mtunda wa masentimita angapo umasungidwanso kuchokera m'malo a jakisoni mu lobe imodzi.
3. Gawani malo osankhidwa ndi theka ndikusankha mwanjira iliyonse.

Njira ya subcutaneous makulidwe a insulin imakuthandizani kuti mupereke zinthu zogwira ntchito m'thupi mwachangu. Chifukwa cha izi, munthu ayenera kutsatira malo osasinthika posankha madera. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mankhwala a nthawi yayitali, wodwalayo adayamba kulowa m'chiuno, ndiye kuti payenera kupitiliza. Kupanda kutero, kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe a insulin kudzakhala kosiyana, komwe pamapeto pake kumabweretsa kusinthasintha kwamisempha ya magazi.

Kuwerengera mlingo wa mankhwalawa kwa akulu

Kusankhidwa kwa insulin ndi njira yomwe munthu amachita payekha. Kuchuluka kwa tsiku lililonse kwamankhwala omwe amakulimbikitsidwa kumakhudzidwa ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kulemera kwa thupi komanso "chidziwitso" cha matendawa. Akatswiri azindikira kuti nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimafunikira tsiku lililonse kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a insulin sizidutsa gawo limodzi pa kilogalamu imodzi ya kulemera kwake. Ngati lonjezoli lakwaniritsidwa, mavuto amakula.

Njira yokhayo yowerengetsera kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi motere:

• D_tsiku - tsiku lililonse mankhwala
• M ndi thupi la wodwala.

Monga momwe tikuwonera kuchokera pamawonekedwe, njira yowerengera kayendetsedwe ka insulini imatengera kukula kwa kufunika kwa insulin komanso kulemera kwa thupi la wodwalayo. Chizindikiro choyamba chimakhazikitsidwa potengera kuwopsa kwa matendawa, zaka za wodwalayo komanso "chidziwitso" cha matenda ashuga.

Bwino kuchira kwa chaka chimodzi kapena kupitilira apo

Shuga wosakhazikika wa magazi, matenda oopsa

Pa nthawi yoyembekezera (III trimester)

Mutazindikira kuchuluka kwa tsiku ndi tsiku, kuwerengera kumapangidwa. Matenda a shuga amodzi amatha kutumikiridwa osaposa 40, ndipo patsiku limodzi - mkati mwa 70-80 mayunitsi.

Chitsanzo cha Mawerengero a Insulin

Tiyerekeze kuti thupi la odwala matenda ashuga ndi 85 kg, ndi D_tsiku ofanana ndi 0,8 PIECES / kg. Chitani mawerengero: 85 × 0.8 = 68 PISCES. Ichi ndiye kuchuluka kwa insulini yomwe imafunikira wodwala patsiku. Kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali, kuchuluka kwake kumagawika pawiri: 68 ÷ 2 = 34 PIERES. Mlingo umagawidwa pakati pa jekeseni ya m'mawa ndi yamadzulo muyezo wa 2 mpaka 1. Pankhaniyi, magawo 22 ndi magawo 12 adzapatsidwa.

Pa insulin "yayifupi" imakhalabe magawo 34 (kuchokera pa 68 tsiku ndi tsiku). Amagawidwa jakisoni katatu motsatizana asanadye, kutengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya, kapena amagawidwa pang'ono, 40% m'mawa ndi 30% pa nkhomaliro ndi madzulo. Mwanjira iyi, wodwala matenda ashuga adzayambitsa 14 magawo asanadye chakudya cham'mawa ndi 10 magawo asanadye nkhomaliro komanso chakudya chamadzulo.

Mitundu ina ya insulin yothandizira ndiyotheka, yomwe insulin yokhala nthawi yayitali imakhala yayikulupo kuposa "yayifupi". Mulimonsemo, kuwerengetsa kwa milingo kuyenera kuthandizidwa poyesa shuga wamagazi ndikuwunika mosamala thanzi.

Kuwerengera kwa ana

Thupi la mwana limafunikira insulin yochulukirapo kuposa wamkulu. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kukula kwambiri ndi chitukuko. M'zaka zoyambirira matenda atapezeka, pafupifupi 0,5-0.6 PIECES pa kilogalamu ya kulemera kwa thupi la mwana. Pambuyo pazaka 5, mlingo umakonda kuchuluka mpaka 1 U / kg. Ndipo uku sikumakhala malire: muubwana, thupi lingafune mpaka 1.5-2 mayunitsi / kg. Pambuyo pake, mtengo umachepetsedwa 1 unit. Komabe, kuwonongeka kwa matenda ashuga kwa nthawi yayitali, kufunikira kwa kayendetsedwe ka insulin kumawonjezeka mpaka 3 IU / kg. Mtengo umatsitsidwa pang'onopang'ono, kubweretsa ku choyambirira.

Ndi zaka, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a nthawi yayitali komanso yocheperako amasinthanso: mwa ana osaposa zaka 5, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amapezeka nthawi yayitali, amachepetsa kwambiri unyamata. Mwambiri, njira yothandizira kuperekera insulin kwa ana siyosiyana ndi kupereka jakisoni kwa munthu wamkulu. Kusiyanaku kumangokhala mu Mlingo watsiku ndi tsiku komanso limodzi, komanso mtundu wa singano.

Momwe mungapangire jakisoni ndi syringe wa insulin?

Kutengera mtundu wa mankhwalawa, odwala matenda ashuga amagwiritsa ntchito syringes kapena zolembera zapadera. Pazisindikizo za ma insulin syringes pali gawo logawika, mtengo womwe akuluakulu ayenera kukhala 1 unit, ndi kwa ana - 0,5 unit. Pamaso jakisoni, ndikofunikira kuchita njira zingapo, zomwe zimayikidwa ndi njira ya insulin. Ma algorithm ogwiritsira ntchito insulin ya insulin ndi motere:

1. Pukutani manja anu ndi antiseptic, konzani syringe ndikutenga mpweya kupita nawo kumalo owerengera.
2. Ikani singano mu vial ya insulin ndikutulutsa mpweya. Kenako jambulani zopitilira muyeso mu syringe.
3. Dinani pa syringe kuti muchotse thovu. Tulutsani insulin yambiri pamtunda.
4. Tsamba la jekeseni liyenera kuvumbulutsidwa, kupukutidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa kapena antiseptic. Pangani mafuta okwanira (osafunikira singano zazifupi). Ikani singano pansi penipeni pa khungu pakhungu la 45 ° kapena 90 ° mpaka pakhungu. Popanda kumasula ma crease, konzekerani piston njira yonse.
5. Pambuyo masekondi 10-15, masulani khola, chotsani singano.

Ngati kuli kofunikira kusakaniza NPH-insulin, mankhwalawa amatengedwa molingana ndi mfundo zomwezo kuchokera m'mabotolo osiyanasiyana, poyamba ndikulola mpweya kulowa uliwonse wa iwo. Njira yothandizira kuperekera insulin kwa ana imapereka lingaliro lofanana la zochita.

Sungani jakisoni

Mankhwala amakono othandizira shuga wamagazi nthawi zambiri amapangidwa m'matumba apadera a syringe. Ndiotaya kapena kusinthanso ndi singano zosinthika ndipo zimasiyana mu gawo limodzi. Njira ya subcutaneous makonzedwe a insulin, ma algorithm a zochita akuphatikizira izi:

• sakanizani ndi insulini ngati pangafunike (kupindika m'manja mwanu kapena kutsitsa dzanja lanu ndi syringe kuchokera kutalika kwamapewa),
• tumasulani masentimita 1-2 mlengalenga kuti muwone ngati singano ili bwanji,
• kutembenuza wotsegulira kumapeto kwa syringe, ikani mlingo wofunikira,
• kupanga khola ndikupanga jekeseni wofanana ndi njira yobweretsera syringe ya insulin,
• pambuyo mankhwala a mankhwala, dikirani masekondi 10 ndikuchotsa singano,
• mutseke ndi chipewa, vuleni ndikutaya (singano zotaya),
• tsekani cholembera.

Zochita zofananazo zimachitidwa kuti mupeze ana.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa omwe amafunika kuwunika kwambiri shuga wamagazi ndi kayendetsedwe kake ndi jakisoni wokhala ndi insulin. Njira ya jakisoni ndi yosavuta komanso yopezeka kwa aliyense: chinthu chachikulu ndikukumbukira tsamba la jakisoni. Lamulo lofunikira ndikulowa m'mafuta onenepa, ndikupanga khola pakhungu. Ikani singano mu iyo pamlingo wa 45 ° kapena perpendicular kumtunda ndikusindikiza piston. Ndondomekoyo ndi yosavuta komanso yofulumira kuposa kuwerenga malangizo ake kuti akwaniritse.

Njira yothandizira kuperekera insulin mwanjira: momwe mungabayire insulin

Homoni wopangidwa ndi kapamba ndikuwongolera kagayidwe kamthupi m'thupi la munthu, lotchedwa insulin. Kusowa kwachuma kumachitika, zakudya za shuga zimawonjezeka, ndipo izi zimayambitsa matenda akulu. Komabe, mankhwala amakono amapangidwa kuti athane ndi mavuto ambiri, motero ndizotheka kukhala ndi matenda ashuga kwathunthu.

Ndikothekanso kukhazikitsa insulini m'magazi ndi ma jakisoni apadera, omwe ndi njira yayikulu yothandizira matenda a mtundu I, mtundu II. Algorithm yoyendetsa insulin ndi yofanana kwa wodwala aliyense, ndipo ndi dokotala yekha amene amatha kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawo. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti palibe mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kapamba sikugwira ntchito moyenera. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulini m'magazi, chifukwa cha zomwe njira zakugaya zimasokonekera. Thupi silingapeze mphamvu yofunikira mwanjira yachilengedwe - kuchokera kuzakudya zomwe zimadyedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa shuga.

Zimakhala zochuluka kwambiri kotero kuti maselo sangathe kuyamwa ma organicwo, ndipo zochulukirapo zimayamba kudziunjikira m'magazi. Zoterezi zikachitika, kapamba amayesa kupanga insulin.

Komabe, chifukwa chakuti thupi likugwira ntchito molakwika, timadzi tating'onoting'ono timapangidwa. Matenda a wodwalayo akuipiraipira, pamene kuchuluka kwa insulin komwe kumapangidwa ndi thupi pang'onopang'ono kumayamba kutsika.

Vutoli limatha kuchiritsidwa pokhapokha ngati nthawi zina munthu amangodya ma analogue m'thupi. Kusamalira thupi kumeneku kumakhala kwa moyo wonse wa wodwala.

Pofuna kuti thupi lisabweretse zovuta, jakisoni amayenera kuchitika nthawi imodzi kangapo patsiku.

Pambuyo popeza wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, amamuuza nthawi yomweyo kuti pali njira yothandizira mankhwalawo. Osawopa, njirayi ndi yosavuta, koma muyenera kuchita pang'ono ndikumvetsa njirayo.

Ndikofunikira kuti munthu azitsata posakhalitsa. Chifukwa chake, zinthu zofunika kwambiri za ukhondo zimachitika:

• sambani m'manja musanachitike njirayi,
• dera la jakisoni limasesedwa ndi ubweya wa thonje ndi mowa kapena antiseptic ina, koma muyenera kudziwa kuti mowa umatha kuwononga insulin. Ngati zinthu zoyipazi zinagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndibwino kudikirira kuti zisanduke, ndikupitiliza njirayi.
• jakisoni, singano ndi ma syringe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati ataya, amaponyedwa kunja kwa njirayi.

Insulin nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa kwa theka la ola musanadye. Dokotala, poganizira zomwe zimachitika mthupi, amalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawo. Masana, mitundu iwiri ya insulini imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri: imodzi yokhala ndi nthawi yochepa, ina imayatsidwa nthawi yayitali. Iliyonse ya izo imafunikira njira yoyang'anira.

• Njira zaukhondo
• Khazikitsani mpweya mu syringe ku chiwerengero chomwe mukufuna.
• Kuyika singano ndi ma insulin ambiri, kutuluka,
• Gawo lamankhwala oyenera pazowonjezera zomwe zikufunika,
• Kuyika pamtunda kuti muchotse thovu,
• Kutulutsidwa kwa insulin yochulukirapo mubwerere,
• Kapangidwe ka mafupa pamalo opangira jakisoni. Ikani singano kumayambiriro kwa khola pamakona a 90 kapena 45 °.
• Kanikizani pistoni, dikirani masekondi 15 ndikuwongolera kutulutsa. Kuchotsa singano.

Mankhwala aliwonse amapangidwa komwe ndi abwino komanso otetezeka kuti amwetsedwe ndi thupi. Chosadabwitsa kuti, jakisoni wa insulini singaoneke kuti ndi jakisoni wa mu mnofu. Chithandizo chogwira syringechi chiyenera kulowa mpaka mkati mwa mafuta.

Mankhwalawa akapezeka m'misempha, sizingatheke kuneneratu momwe zidzakhalire. Chinthu chimodzi ndikutsimikiza - wodwalayo amakumana ndi zovuta. Insulin siyingatengeke ndi thupi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti jakisoniyo adalumikizidwa, zomwe zingasokoneze mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwalawa kumatheka m'magawo omasulira:

• m'mimba mozungulira batani
• phewa
• khola lakunja kwa matako,
• gawo la ntchafu kutsogolo.

Monga mukuwonera, kuti mupeze nokha, madera osavuta kwambiri adzakhala m'mimba, m'chiuno. Kuti mumvetsetse bwino kayendetsedwe ka mankhwala, mutha kuwonera kanemayo. Magawo onse awiriwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala osiyanasiyana. Zingwe zomwe zimayatsidwa nthawi yayitali zimayikidwa m'chiuno, ndipo posakhalitsa, zimayikidwa paphewa kapena navel.

Mu minofu ya adipose pansi pa khungu la ntchafu komanso mkati mwa matako, chinthucho chimagwira pang'onopang'ono. Izi ndizomwe zimapangira insulin.

Mosiyana,, atabayidwa m'khosi ndi m'mimba, pafupifupi mankhwalawo amayamba.

Jakisoni amaperekedwa kokha m'malo omwe adalembedwapo kale. Ngati wodwalayo amapanga jakisoni yekha, ndibwino kuti musankhe m'mimba chifukwa cha insulin yokhala ndi yochepa komanso m'chiuno chamankhwala omwe atenga nthawi yayitali.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti ndizovuta kwambiri kulowa mankhwalawo matako kapena paphewa palokha kunyumba. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kupanga khola la khungu m'derali kuti mankhwalawo afikire komwe akupita. Chifukwa chake, imatha kuwonekera minofu ya minofu, yomwe siyidzabweretsa phindu kwa odwala matenda ashuga.

M'munsimu muli malangizo ena operekera mankhwala:

• Malo okhala ndi lipodystrophy, i.e. momwe mulibe mafuta amafuta pansi pa khungu konse.
• Jakisoni sichabwino kwambiri osapitirira 2 cm kuchokera pa yam'mbuyo.
• Mankhwalawa sayenera kubayidwa pakhungu lovulazidwa kapena loyaka. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusanthula mosamala jakisoniyo - pakhale kuti palibe zotupa, redness, chilonda, chisindikizo, kudula, kapena zizindikiro zina zowonongeka pakhungu.

Kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino, wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kupatsidwa jakisoni zingapo tsiku lililonse. Dongosolo la jakisoni liyenera kukhala losiyana. Mutha kulowa mankhwalawo m'njira zitatu:

1. pafupi ndi jekeseni wam'mbuyo, mtunda wa pafupifupi 2 cm,
2. dera la jakisoni lagawidwa m'magawo anayi, pomwe mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kwa sabata limodzi loyamba, kenako ndikupita lina. Panthawi imeneyi, khungu la zigawo zotsalazo limapuma ndipo limapangidwanso kotheratu. Madera a jakisoni mu lobe imodzi ayeneranso kukhala osiyana 2 cm.
3. Gawolo limagawika m'magawo awiri ndipo linaikidwanso mbali iliyonse.

Mukasankha dera linalake lothandizidwa ndi insulin, muyenera kulitsatira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati m'chiuno mutasankhidwa kuti mupange mankhwala omwe atenga nthawi yayitali, mankhwalawo amapitilirabe kulowetsedwa pamenepo. Kupanda kutero, kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe kumasintha, kotero mulingo wa insulin, ndipo chifukwa chake shuga, uzisintha.

Ndikofunikira kusankha insulin payekha. Mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku umakhudzidwa ndi:

• kulemera kwa odwala
• matenda.

Komabe, zitha kunenedwa mosasiyanitsa: gawo limodzi la insulin pa 1 makilogalamu a kulemera kwa wodwala. Mtengo ukakhala wokulirapo, mavuto osiyanasiyana amakula. Nthawi zambiri, kuwerengetsa kwa mankhwalawa kumachitika malinga ndi njira yotsatira:

tsiku mlingo * odwala matenda ashuga

Muyezo watsiku ndi tsiku (mayunitsi / kg) ndi:

• koyambirira kosaposa 0,5,
• kwa mankhwala opindulitsa koposa chaka - 0,6,
• ndi zovuta za matenda ndi shuga osakhazikika - 0,7,
• zopangidwa -0.8,
• ndi complication ya ketoacidosis - 0,9,
• mukamadikirira mwanayo - 1.

Nthawi imodzi, wodwala matenda ashuga sangathe kupitirira 40, ndipo patsiku osaposa 80.

Chifukwa chakuti jakisoni amaperekedwa tsiku ndi tsiku, odwala amayesa kukhathamira pamankhwala kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma muyenera kudziwa alumali moyo wa insulin. Mankhwalawa amasungidwa m'mabotolo mufiriji, pomwe amaphika osindikizidwa akuyenera kutentha kutentha kwa 4-8 °. Khomo lomwe lili ndi chipinda cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe amapezeka pafupifupi mitundu yonse yamakono, ndilabwino kwambiri.

Pamene tsiku lotha ntchito likusonyezera phukusi litha, mankhwalawa sangagwiritsenso ntchito.

Malamulo ndi algorithm yothandizira ka insulin mu shuga

Chithandizo cha insulini chikukhala gawo lofunika kwambiri pa matenda a shuga. Zotsatira za matendawa zimadalira momwe wodwalayo amaphunzitsira bwino njirayo ndipo amatsatira malamulo ndi ma algorithms a subcutaneous makonzedwe a Insulin.

Mothandizidwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana mthupi la munthu, zolakwika zamkati zimachitika. Kuchedwa secretion ndi mahomoni ake akuluakulu - Insulin. Chakudya chimasiya kugayidwa muizi zochuluka, chimachepetsa mphamvu kagayidwe. Hormoniyo sikokwanira kuthana ndi glucose ndipo imalowa m'magazi. Ndi mankhwala a insulin okha omwe amatha kuyimitsa njirayi. Pofuna kukhazikitsa bata, ma jakisoni amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Jekeseni imachitika musanadye chilichonse. Wodwalayo sangathe kulumikizana ndi akatswiri nthawi zambiri ndipo amayenera kudziwa luso la algorithm ndi malamulo oyendetsera, kuwerenga chipangizocho ndi mitundu ya ma syringe, momwe angagwiritsire ntchito, malamulo a kusunga mahomoni pawokha, kapangidwe kake ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Ndikofunikira kutsatira chikhalidwe chotsitsika, kutsatira miyezo yoyera:

• kusamba m'manja, gwiritsani magolovesi,
• gwiritsirani ntchito bwino madera omwe thupi lanu lingachitike ndi jekeseni,
• phunzirani kupaka mankhwala osakhudza singano ndi zinthu zina.

Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa mitundu ya mankhwalawa yomwe ilipo, nthawi yayitali bwanji, komanso kutentha kwake komanso kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa.

Nthawi zambiri, jakisoni amasungidwa mufiriji kutentha kwa madigiri 2 mpaka 8. Kutentha kumeneku kumasungidwa pakhomo la firiji. Ndizosatheka kuti kuwala kwa dzuwa kugwere pamankhwala.

Pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha ma insulin omwe amatchulidwa molingana ndi magawo osiyanasiyana:

• gulu
• kuphatikizika
• digiri ya kuyeretsa
• kuthamanga ndi kutalika kwa kuchitapo kanthu.

Gawo limatengera zomwe timadzi timene timapanga.

Itha kukhala:

• nkhumba
• whale
• kapangidwe kake kapangidwe ka ng'ombe,
• munthu

Pali zokhazokha komanso kukonzekera kophatikiza. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsedwa, gulu limapita kwa iwo omwe amasefedwa ndi asidi ethanol ndikukhazikika ndikuyeretsedwa kwakuya pa mulingo wa maselo ndi ma ion-exchange chromatography.

Kutengera kuthamanga ndi kutalika kwa kuchitapo kanthu, zimasiyanitsa:

• ultrashort
• mwachidule
• nthawi yayitali
• lalitali
• kuphatikiza.

Tebulo la Hormone

Zosavuta Insulin Actrapid

Nthawi yayitali 16 - 20 maola

Kutalika kwa maola 24 - 36

Ndi endocrinologist wokhayo amene angadziwitse mankhwala komanso kupereka mankhwala.

Kwa jakisoni, pali malo apadera:

• ntchafu (dera kumtunda ndi kutsogolo),
• m'mimba (pafupi ndi umbilical fossa),
• matako
• phewa.

Ndikofunikira kuti jekeseni asalowe minofu yamatenda. Ndikofunikira kupaka jekeseni wamafuta ochepa, apo ayi, atagunda minofu, jakisoniyo adzayambitsa zosangalatsa komanso zovuta.

Ndikofunikira kuganizira za kuyambitsidwa kwa mahomoni omwe ali ndi nthawi yayitali. Ndikwabwino kuyilowetsa m'chiuno ndi matako - imagwiridwa pang'onopang'ono.

Zotsatira mwachangu, malo oyenera kwambiri ndi mapewa ndi m'mimba. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mapampu nthawi zonse amalipiritsidwa ndi ma insulin amafupikitsa.

Madera am'mimba ndi m'chiuno ndi abwino kwambiri kwa iwo omwe amadzipangira okha jakisoni. Apa ndikosavuta kutola khola ndi prick, kuonetsetsa kuti ndi malo enieni a mafuta. Zitha kukhala zovuta kupeza malo omwe jakisoni wa anthu owonda, makamaka omwe ali ndi vuto la dystrophy.

Lamulo la kukhazikitsa pansi liyenera kutsatiridwa. Osachepera masentimita awiri ayenera kubwezeretsanso kubayidwa kulikonse.

Masamba obayira ayenera kusinthidwa nthawi zonse. Ndipo popeza mukufunika kubaya pafupipafupi komanso kambiri, ndiye kuti pali njira ziwiri zothetsera izi - kugawa gawo lomwe lakonzedwa kuti mupeze jakisoni m'magawo 4 kapena 2 ndikujowina mu lina pomwe ena onse akupumula, osayiwala kubwereranso masentimita awiri kuchokera pamalo omwe jakisoni wapitayo .

Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti tsamba la jakisoni silisintha. Ngati mankhwala a ntchafu atha kale, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kukhazikika m'chiuno nthawi zonse. Ngati m'mimba, ndiye muyenera kupitilira pamenepo kuti kuthamanga kwa kaperekedwe ka mankhwala asasinthe.

Mu shuga mellitus, pali njira yodziwika bwino yothandizira mankhwalawa.

Syringe yeniyeni yapangidwira jakisoni wa insulin. Kugawikana m'menemo sikufanana ndi magawano wamba. Amalembedwa mayunitsi - mayunitsi. Iyi ndi mlingo wapadera wa odwala matenda ashuga.

Kuphatikiza pa syringe ya insulin, pali cholembera, ndi chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, chilipo kuti mugwiritse ntchito. Pali magawano pazomwe zimagwirizana ndi theka la mlingo.

Mutha kuwonetsa kuyambitsa kugwiritsa ntchito pampu (chotulutsa). Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zamakono zopangira, zomwe zili ndi gulu lowongolera lomwe lili ndi lamba. Deta imalowetsedwa kuti idye mlingo wapadera ndipo munthawi yoyenera wopereka amawerengera gawo la jakisoni.

Kukhazikikaku kumachitika kudzera mu singano yomwe imayikidwa m'mimba, yokhazikika ndi tepi yolumikizira komanso yolumikizidwa ku botolo la insulin pogwiritsa ntchito machubu otanuka.

Syringe Kugwiritsa Algorithm:

• samatirani manja
• chotsani kapu pamingano ya syringe, ndikutulutsa mpweya ndikutulutsa mu botolo ndi Insulin (mumafunikira mpweya wambiri monga momwe mungapangire jakisoni),
• gwedeza botolo
• kuyimba miniti yocheperako pang'ono kuposa momwe mungafunire,
• chotsani thovu lakumlengalenga
• pukuta jekeseni ndi antiseptic, kukhetsa,
• ndi chala chanu ndi chalaula, sonkhanitsani khola kumalo komwe kubayirako,
• pangani jakisoni pansi pa khola lachitatu ndikulowetsa pang'onopang'ono piston,
• chotsani singano pambuyo masekondi 10
• pokhapokha mutulutsire mafuta.

Algorithm popereka mahomoni ndi cholembera:

• mlingo wayamba
• pafupifupi magawo awiri awalidwa m'malere,
• pa cholembera layisensi muyeso wofunikira uyikidwa,
• khola limapangidwa thupi, ngati singano ndi 0.25 mm, sizofunikira,
• mankhwalawa amaperekedwa ndikanikiza kumapeto kwa cholembera,
• patatha masekondi 10, cholembera cha syringe chimachotsedwa ndipo crease imamasulidwa.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti singano za jakisoni wa insulin ndizochepa kwambiri - kutalika kwa 8-12 mm ndi 025-0.4 mm m'mimba mwake.

Jakisoni wokhala ndi syringe ya insulini uyenera kuchitika pakatikati pa 45 °, ndi cholembera - pamzere wowongoka.

Kumbukirani kuti mankhwalawa sangagwedezeke. Kutenga singano, simungathe kupaka malowa. Simungapange jakisoni ndi yankho lozizira - mutakoka chinthucho mufiriji, muyenera kuyigwira m'manja mwanu ndikupukutira pang'onopang'ono kuti mutenthe.

Pambuyo pa jekeseni, muyenera kudya chakudya pakatha mphindi 20.

Mutha kuwona bwino izi mu vidiyo ya Dr. Malysheva:

Mavuto nthawi zambiri amabwera ngati simutsatira malamulo onse oyendetsa.

Kusavomerezeka kwa mankhwalawa kumatha kuyambitsa zovuta zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi tsankho la mapuloteni omwe amapanga.

Zoyipa zitha kunenedwa:

• redness, kuyabwa, ming'oma,
• kutupa
• bronchospasm
• Edincke's edema,
• anaphylactic mantha.

Nthawi zina zochitika za Arthus zimayamba - kufupika ndi kutupa, kutupaku kumapeza mtundu wofiirira. Pofuna kuletsa zizindikirazo, pitani ku insulin. Njira yosinthira imayamba ndipo mawonekedwe pa malo a necrosis.

Monga momwe zilili zilizonse, desensitizing agents (Pipolfen, Diphenhydramine, Tavegil, Suprastin) ndi mahomoni (Hydrocortisone, microdoses of multicomponent porcine kapena insulin ya munthu, Prednisolone).

Kumene komwe mukugulitsa kumapangitsa kuti insulin iwonjezeke.

Zovuta zina:

Mavuto otsatirawa atchulidwa:

• chophimba pamaso
• Kutupa kwa m'munsi,
• kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi,
• kunenepa.

Sizovuta kuthana ndi zakudya zapadera ndi regimen.

1. 
   Gurvich, Mikhail Therapeutic zakudya zamagulu a shuga / Mikhail Gurvich. - Moscow: St. Petersburg. et al: Peter, 2018 .-- 288 c.
2. 
   Matenda A shuga a Cheryl Foster (otanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chingerezi). Moscow, Panorama Publishing House, 1999.
3. 
   Vinogradov V.V. Tumors ndi ma cysts a kapamba, State Publishing House of Medical Literature - M., 2016. - 218 p.

Ndiloleni ndidziwitse. Dzina langa ndi Elena. Ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito ya endocrinologist kwa zaka zoposa 10. Ndikukhulupirira kuti pakadali pano ndili katswiri pantchito yanga ndipo ndikufuna kuthandiza alendo onse omwe amapezeka pamalowo kuti athetse zovuta osati ntchito. Zinthu zonse za tsambalo amazisonkhanitsa ndikuzikonza mosamala kuti athe kufotokoza zambiri zofunikira. Musanagwiritse ntchito zomwe zikufotokozedwa pa webusaitiyi, kufunsana ndi akatswiri ndizofunikira nthawi zonse.