22 November, 2024
    Matenda a shuga

    Udindo ndi ntchito ya impso mwa anthu

    Ntchito za impso ndizosiyanasiyana, zimapereka ntchito zokhazikika za pafupifupi ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe a thupi.

    Kuphatikiza pa ziwalo zamkodzo, ntchito ya excretory imachitikanso ndi mapapu, khungu ndi ziwalo zam'mimba. Kudzera m'mapapu, kaboni dayokisa ndipo, pang'ono, madzi amachotsedwa m'thupi.

    Mimba imachotsa kudzera mu bile ndipo mwachindunji matumbo oopsa, ochepa mafuta owonjezera, mafuta a sodium, mchere wamchere.

    Kupyola pakhungu, kutentha kwa thupi kumayendetsedwa makamaka, kenako ma electrolyte ena amasulidwa.

    Mwa njira, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mawonekedwe a thukuta ndi mkodzo ali ofanana, thukuta lokha limakhala ndi zinthu zonse zomwe ndizopanda ndende zambiri.

    Sitingakayikire kunena kuti impso ndi chinthu chovuta kwambiri kupangika komanso kugwira ntchito kwa dongosolo lonse la mkodzo.

    Ichi ndichifukwa chake matenda aliwonse omwe amakhudza mbali zake zopanga amaphatikizira kuwonongeka m'thupi la wodwalayo.

    Kunja, impso imakutidwa ndi minofu ya adipose. Pansi pake pali kapisozi koteteza khungu. Magawo omwe amawagawa iwo mu magawo ndi lobes amachoka kwa iye kupita mu limba.

    Amakhala ndi ziwiya mothandizidwa ndi zomwe magazi amapatsirana impso ndi mitsempha amachitika. Pansi pa kaphatikizidwe kazinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ndi minyewa yaimpso - parenchyma.

    Ndi mu parenchyma pomwe maselo akuluakulu a impso, nephrons, amapezeka. M'mapangidwe a nephron iliyonse, glomerulus ndi dongosolo la tubules zimasiyanitsidwa, zomwe zimaphatikizidwa palimodzi, zimapanga ndulu.

    Amayenda m'magulu a ma calyxes ang'ono ndi akulu aimpso, omwe amaphatikizika mu pelvis imodzi.

    Kuchoka pamenepo, mkodzo umayenda kulowa mu chikhodzodzo kudzera mu ureters, pamenepo umadzunjikira kwakanthawi ndipo umasungidwa kudzera mu urethra.

    Njira yokhetsa

    Ntchito yayikulu ya impso ndikusintha kwa madzi a m'magazi ndi kupanga kwamkodzo pambuyo pake. Kusefedwa kumachitika mu glomeruli la nephrons chifukwa cha zovuta zosiyanasiyana mbali zonse za kapisozi yophimba cell yaimpso.

    Panthawi imeneyi, madzi ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimasungunuka zimachoka m'magazi kudzera mwa membrane wa glomerulus.

    Pankhaniyi, omwe amatchedwa kuti mkodzo woyamba amapangika, ndi wofanana pakuphatikizana ndi madzi am'magazi, mapuloteni okha ndi omwe samapezeka mkodzo.

    Kenako imalowa mu nephron tubule system. Ntchito yawo ndi kubwezeretsa madzi (reabsorb) ndi mankhwala ena. Awa ndi sodium, potaziyamu, calcium, chlorine ion, mavitamini, shuga, amino acid.

    Amachoka ndi mkodzo pokhapokha ngati kuchuluka kwake kumapitirira kwawonekera. Mukukonzanso thupi, mapangidwe a mkodzo womaliza kapena wachiwiri umachitika, womwe umatuluka m'thupi.

    Chifukwa chake, pakukodza, ntchito za impsozi zimachitika:

    • kuyeretsa kwa madzi am'magazi kuchokera ku nitrogenous metabolic product monga urea, uric acid, creatinine,
    • Kuchotsa kwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa zakunja kuchokera mthupi, chitsanzo chowoneka bwino cha ntchito yotereyi ndikumasulidwa kwa zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa chifukwa chakutha kwa mankhwala,
    • kukhalabe ndi voliyumu yolongosoka pafupipafupi mu ziwalo ndi minyewa. Matendawa amatchedwa homeostasis. Ndiye amene amapereka chithandiziro chaku thupi lonse.
    • kusungabe nthawi zonse ma electrolyte, monga sodium, potaziyamu, magnesium, chlorine ndi calcium,
    • kuwonetsetsa kuthamanga kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi,
    • kutenga nawo gawo posinthana ndi mapuloteni, chakudya ndi lipids. Pakusintha kusefera kuchokera kumkodzo woyamba, izi zimapangidwanso.Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zina, glucose yomwe imafunikira kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zimapangidwa mu impso ndi gluconeogeneis.

    Kugwira chobisika cha zinthu zazamoyo yogwira

    Ntchito yosungitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi kumachitika pang'onopang'ono pochotsa madzimadzi ambiri pokodza.

    Pafupifupi 15% ya chiwerengero chonse cha impso zimagwira ntchito yachinsinsi. Amapanga ma biology omwe amagwira ntchito omwe amafunikira kwambiri moyo wa thupi - renin ndi erythropoietin.

    Renin ndi gawo lamakina omwe amatchedwa renin-angiotensin-aldosterone. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti magazi azithamanga.

    Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwa kamvekedwe ka mtima, kukhazikika kosalekeza komanso kuchuluka kwa magazi.

    Kuphatikiza pa kukonzanso impso, erythropoietin imasungidwa. Ntchito yayikulu ya timadzi timeneti ndi kukondoweza kwa erythropoiesis, ndiko kuti, kupanga mapangidwe ofiira a magazi, magazi ofiira.

    Mapangidwe a erythropoietin mu impso amayendetsedwa ndi machitidwe amanjenje ndi endocrine a thupi. Chifukwa chake, katulutsidwe wake umachuluka ndi kuchepa kwa magazi, zikhalidwe za kuchepa, kuchepa kwa mavitamini a B ndi mavitamini.

    Hormone iyi imakhudzidwanso pakuwongolera kuthamanga kwa magazi.

    Matenda a impso

    Ntchito zonsezi zimachitika ndi impso zonse muzofanana. Komanso, ngati impso imodzi yawonongeka kapena kuchotsedwa, yachiwiri imatha kutsimikizira kwathunthu ntchito yofunikira mthupi.

    Kwenikweni, kulimbikira kwaimpso kumachitika pamene parenchyma ndipo, motero, ma nephrons akuwonongeka, chifukwa cha kutupa, bakiteriya kapena machitidwe a necrotic.

    Nthawi zambiri, nephrons amadwala glomerulonephritis. Awa ndi matenda otchedwa autoimmune omwe, chifukwa cha kusachita bwino m'thupi, maselo ake amawononga mawonekedwe a impso.

    Popeza nthendayi imakhudza impso zonse ziwiri, kupita kwa nthawi yayitali kapena kusapeza chithandizo chachipatala kumabweretsa kuphwanya kwapafupifupi pafupifupi ntchito zonse za impso.

    A kwambiri ndipo owopsa thupi amakula - aakulu aimpso kulephera.

    Matenda enanso otupa, pyelonephritis, siowopsa parenchyma.

    Amayambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya omwe amalowa mkodzo mwanjira yokwezeka kapena, zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chotuluka kwa magazi kuchokera kuzinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa matenda osachiritsika.

    Kwenikweni, nthendayi imangodalira dongosolo la impsocaliceal la impso. Kutha kwa ma nephrons ndikotheka ndikuyenda kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kosasamala.

    Kuphwanya kowopsa kwa kuphwanya kwamkodzo kuchokera ku impso chifukwa cha kubereka kapena kutenga zinthu zina mwa dongosolo la ureter.

    Matendawa amatchedwa hydronephrosis. Chowopsa chake ndikuti kwa nthawi yayitali amatha kukhala asymptomatic ndipo amatha kuwoneka pamalo pamene impso iyenera kuti yachotsedwa kale.

    Kupanga kwamkodzo kumachitika mosalekeza, ndipo kuphwanya kutuluka kwake mu impso kumapangitsa kuti chiwopsezo chizilowa mkati.

    Izi zimapangitsa kukulira kwa dongosolo la pyelocaliceal, lomwe limakanikizira parenchyma mbali imodzi, ndi kapisozi kakang'ono kofutira mbali inayo.

    Zotsatira zake, kufalikira kwa magazi kumasokonezeka mkati mwa impso, ndipo izi, zimayambitsa pang'onopang'ono, kenako kufa kwa nephrons.

    Chifukwa chake, titha kunena kuti impso ndi amodzi a ziwalo zazikuluzikulu zathupi lathunthu, kulephera pantchito yawo kumabweretsa chiwopsezo chonse cha matenda oopsa komanso owopsa.

    Chifukwa chake, ndikumva ululu pang'ono kapena kusapeza bwino mu dera lumbar, kuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha posakhala ndi zizindikiro zina, palibe chifukwa chomwe muyenera kuchezera kupita kwa dokotala.

    Ntchito yodziwika bwino ya impso ndikupanga mkodzo ndikuchotsa poizoni osiyanasiyana ndi iyo.Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuyeretsa magazi pakapangidwa mkodzo woyambira ndikudzikiritsa pa mzere wachiwiri wama magazi oyera ndi okosijeni komanso zinthu zina zofunikira.

    Palibe ziwalo zosafunikira mthupi, zonse zimafunikira, ndipo aliyense wa iwo amagwira ntchito zingapo ndikugwirira ntchito molingana ndi enawo. Kuphwanya gawo limodzi kumabweretsa kulephera kosiyanasiyana kwa ziwalo zina. Kodi impso zimayang'anira chiyani - kuti minofu yonse imayeretsedwa ndi poizoni, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndizabwinobwino, magazi amadzaza ndi zomwe zimafunikira. Mahomoni ndi ma enzyme amayendetsa ntchito yonse. Ntchito ya thupi lokha amawongolera ndi:

    • parathyroid
    • estradiol
    • vasopressin,
    • adrenaline
    • aldosterone.

    Ntchito ya impso imayendetsedwa ndi parathyroid mahomoni, estradiol, vasopressin, adrenaline ndi aldosterone

    Kuphatikiza pa izo, ulusi wachikondi komanso mitsempha ya vagus imathandizira ntchito ya chiwalo.

    Matenda a parathyroid - mahomoni a chithokomiro England. Amayang'anira zotuluka zamchere kuchokera mthupi.

    Ma estradiol achikazi amakhala ndi vuto la phosphorous ndi mchere wama calcium m'magazi. Pazocheperako, mahomoni achikazi amapangidwa mwa amuna, motsatana.

    Vasopressin imapangidwa ndi ubongo, kapena, ndi dipatimenti yake yaying'ono - hypothalamus. Imayang'anira mayendedwe amadzimadzi mu impso zomwe. Munthu akamamwa madzi ndipo ngati achulukirapo m'thupi, ntchito za osmoreceptors zomwe zili mu hypothalamus zimachepa. Kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amachotsedwa ndi thupi, mmalo mwake, kumawonjezeka. Ngati thupi lilibe madzi okwanira, madzi am'mimba amayamba, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a peptide omwe amachokera ku ubongo, vasopressin, amawonjezeka kwambiri. Madzi a minofu amasiya kuchotsedwapo. Ngati mutu wavulala, kuwonjezeka kwa mkodzo kumachitika, mpaka malita 5 patsiku. Izi zikutanthauza kuti hypothalamus yaonongeka ndipo kupanga vasopressin kuyimitsidwa kapena kuchepetsedwa kwambiri.

    Vasopressin imayendetsa mayendedwe amadzi mu impso iwonso

    Adrenaline, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi hormone ya mantha, imapangidwa. Amachepetsa kukodza. Zowonjezera zake m'magazi zimatsatiridwa ndi edema ya zimakhala zonse, matumba pansi pamaso.

    Revenue cortex imapanga ma aldosterone amadzi. Ikabisidwa mopambanitsa, kumachedwetsa madzi amthupi ndi sodium. Zotsatira zake, edema, mtima kulephera, matenda oopsa. Ndi osakwanira kupanga aldosterone mthupi, kuchuluka kwa magazi kumachepetsedwa, chifukwa madzi ambiri ndi sodium amathiridwa.

    Ntchito ya impso m'thupi la munthu imadalira gawo la chiwalo chokha, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa chithokomiro, ubongo, mtima.

    Ntchito zofunikira za impso mwa anthu:

    • kuchotsera
    • choteteza
    • endocrine
    • kagayidwe
    • homeostatic.

    Ntchito yayikulu ya impso ndi ma excretory

    Impso ndi njira yosiyaniratu ndi chinsalu yopangidwa mwachilengedwe. Magazi amaperekedwa ku chiwalo kudzera m'mitsempha, kudutsa mizere iwiri yosakanirana ndikubwezeretsedwanso kudzera mu mtsempha. Zinyalala zosayenera mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi zimadziunjikira mu pelvis ndipo zimatumizidwa kudzera mwa ureter kupita kunja, kutayidwa.

    Ntchito yayikulu ya impso ndi ma excretory, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa excretory. Pa gawo loyamba la magazi kudzera parenchyma, madzi amchere, mchere, ma amino acid ndi zinthu zimasefedwa. Mukamaliza kuzungulira kwachiwiri, madzimadzi ambiri amabwerera ku magazi - madzi a m'magazi, ma amino acid opindulitsa, kuchuluka kwa mchere. China chilichonse, kuphatikiza poizoni, uric ndi oxalic acid ndi zinthu zina zosakwanira kupitilizidwa ndikugwiritsira ntchito, zimachotsedwera limodzi ndi madzi m'chiuno. Uwu ndi mkodzo wachiwiri, womwe umachotsedwa kudzera mu ureter woyamba kulowa mu chikhodzodzo, kenako.

    Kuyeretsa magazi mu impso kumadutsa magawo atatu.

    1. Kuchepetsa - pomwe madzi ndi zinthu zonse zomwe zilimo zimachotsedwa m'magazi omwe amalandilidwa.
    2. Katulutsidwe - katulutsidwe wa zinthu zosafunikira kwa thupi,
    3. Reabsorption - kubwerera kwa amino acid, glucose, mapuloteni, madzi a m'magazi ndi zinthu zina kubwerera m'magazi.

    Zotsatira zake, mkodzo umapangidwa, umakhala ndi 5% zolimba ndipo zotsalazo zimakhala zamadzimadzi. Ndi kuledzera kwa thupi ndi mowa, chakudya ndi zinthu zina, impso imagwira ntchito mopanikizika, kuyesera kuchotsa mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi zinthu zina momwe zingathere. Pakadali pano, mkodzo wambiri umapangidwa chifukwa chakuchotsa kwamadzi ofunikira kuchokera ku zimakhala ndi madzi a m'magazi.

    Kuphatikiza pa ntchito yowonetsa, enawo sawonekera kwenikweni, komanso ndiofunikira kwa thupi. Thupi limayang'anira machitidwe a ionic komanso kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi mu minofu, amawongolera njira za ionic, mulingo wa hemoglobin m'magazi.

    Kuteteza - kumalumikizidwa ndikuchotsa zinthu zakunja ndi zowopsa kuchokera kunja kulowa mkodzo ndi kunja:

    • chikonga
    • mankhwala
    • mowa
    • mankhwala
    • Zakudya zakunja ndi zonunkhira.

    Impso imayendetsa njira ya ionic komanso kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi mu minofu, imayendetsa machitidwe a ionic, kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin m'magazi

    Ndi kupsinjika kosalekeza kwa impso, sangathe kuthana ndi kuyeretsedwa kwa magazi, ntchito yowonjezera imalephera. Mankhwala ena oopsa komanso ma virus amakhalabe m'magazi, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana, kuyambira poyizoni mpaka matenda oopsa.

    Ntchito ya endocrine ikuwonetsedwa ndi kutenga impso pakupanga mahomoni ndi ma enzyme:

    Electropoetin ndi calcitrol ndi mahomoni opangidwa ndi impso. Zoyambazo zimakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbikitsa pakapangidwe ka magazi m'mafupa, makamaka maselo ofiira a m'magazi, hemoglobin. Lachiwiri limayang'anira kagayidwe kazakudya mthupi.

    Enzolini ya renin imayang'anira kuchuluka kwa magazi omwe amayenda mthupi.

    Prostoglandins ndi omwe amasintha kuthamanga kwa magazi. Chifukwa chake, pamene cholakwika cha impso, kupsinjika kumalumpha nthawi zonse.

    Pofuna kulephera kwa impso, kupanikizika kumadumpha nthawi zonse

    Ntchito kagayidwe ka impso ndi chifukwa kutenga nawo gawo pa kusinthana ndi kugawanitsa:

    Akasala kudya, amatenga nawo gawo pama gluconeogenesis, kuphwanya zosungiramo mafuta. Kuphatikiza apo, vitamini D imaliza kutembenuka kwake mu impso mpaka D3 - mawonekedwe omwe akugwira. Kuperewera kwa vitaminiyi kumabweretsa ma ricches.

    Homeostatic ntchito - mogwirizana ndi impso ya magazi kuchuluka mu thupi, madzi othandizira. Impso zimachotsa ma protoni ochulukirapo komanso ma bicarbonate ion kuchokera m'madzi a m'magazi motero zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi m'thupi, kapangidwe kake ka ionic.

    Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda aimpso

    Impso ndi chiwalo chofatsa chomwe chilibe kupweteka komanso kutchulidwa mu matendawa. Pokhapokha miyala yakuthwa ikasuntha kuchoka pamalo awo ndipo, kuvulaza makoma, kuyesa kutuluka, kapena kutsekereza ma ducts ndipo pelvis imayamba kupasuka kuchokera mkodzo, kupweteka ndi kuwawa.

    Impso ndi ziwalo zofunika kwambiri zamunthu. Chifukwa cha iwo, njira yosulira magazi ndikuchotsa zinthu za metabolic m'thupi zimachitika. Kuti mumvetsetse bwino momwe gawo lawo lilili, muyenera kuphunzira kapangidwe kawo ndi magwiridwe ake.

    Komwe kuli impso mthupi

    Chilichonse cha ziwalo zili nacho mawonekedwe a nyemba . Mu thupi la akulu, amapezeka m'dera lumbar, ozungulira msana. Mu ana, ndizochepa pang'onopang'ono. Koma, pakukula, malo a impso amabwerera pamlingo womwe mukufuna. Kuti muwone komwe akukhala, mukungofunika kuyika manja anu mbali zanu, ndikuwanyamula. Pa mzere wokwanira pakati pa zala ziwiri ndizofunikira ziwalo.

    Mawonekedwe awo ndi malo oyanjana wina ndi mnzake. Impso yakumanja ndiyomwe ili pamunsi kumanzere. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndikuti imakhala pansi pa chiwindi, chomwe sichimalola kuti thupi likwere pamwamba. Zingwe zimasiyana 10 mpaka 13 cm kutalika ndi mpaka 6.8 cm mulifupi .

    Kapangidwe ka impso

    Mapangidwe ake amaimiridwa ndi nephron. Mwa anthu, alipo opitilira 800 zikwi . Zambiri zimapezeka m'makona.Popanda ma nephrons, sizingatheke kulingalira momwe amapangira mkodzo woyamba komanso wachiwiri, womwe umachotsedwa m'thupi. Chigawo chimodzi chomwe chimagwira ntchito chimayimiriridwa ndi zovuta zonse, zomwe zimaphatikizapo:

    • Shumlyansky-Bowman kapisozi.
    • Renal glomeruli.
    • Tubule dongosolo.

    Kunja, impso ndizazunguliridwa ndi zigawo za adipose komanso minyewa yolumikizana, yotchedwa Chikwama cha impso. Imangoteteza ku zowonongeka, komanso imatsimikizira kusayenda bwino. Ziwalo zimakutidwa ndi parenchyma, yopangidwa ndi zipolopolo ziwiri. Chipolopolo chakunja chimayimiriridwa ndi chinthu chakuda chakuda, chomwe chimagawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, komwe ndi:

    1. Renal glomeruli . Ma capillaries, omwe amapanga mtundu wa fyuluta yomwe madzi amadzi amadzimadzi amatenga mu kapangidwe ka Bowman.
    2. Renal glomerulus kapisozi . Ili ndi mawonekedwe Mafuta osongoka amalowa mu mafupa a impso kudzera mwa iyo.
    3. Tubule dongosolo . Imagawidwa kukhala proximal komanso distal. Madzimadzi amachokera mu ngalande yoyandikana nayo amalowa m'chiuno cha Henle, kenako ndikalowa gawo lachigawo. Ndi chifukwa cha izi kuti kusintha komwe kumayamwa michere ndi mavitamini m'magazi kumachitika.

    Chigoba chamkati chimayimiriridwa ndi ubongo wa mtundu wa kuwala bulauni, womwe umaphatikizapo mapiramidi (mpaka mayunitsi 12).

    Magazi amapereka impso chifukwa cha machitidwe a mitsempha yotuluka m'mimba. Madzi amadzimadzi am'tsitsi amalowa mu vena cava kudzera mu mtsempha wa impso. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mu ziwalo zomwezo palokha pali kuchuluka kwamitsempha yamagazi yomwe imadyetsa khungu. Kuwongolera ntchito kumachitika chifukwa cha ulusi wamitsempha womwe umapezeka parenchyma.

    Udindo waukulu wa impso

    Udindo waukulu wa impso m'thupi ndi kuyeretsa magazi ndi kusefera. Izi zimachitika mu impso glomeruli. Kenako imalowa mu tubule zovuta, pomwe imayamwa. Njira zobisika zimayambira m'chiuno ndipo zimapitilizabe mu ureter. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti maLita oposa magazi okwanira 220 amapunthidwa impso tsiku ndi tsiku, mpaka malita 175 a mkodzo woyamba amapangidwa. Ndipo ichi ndi chizindikiro cha momwe ntchito yawo yopitilira ili yofunika.

    Ntchito zamagulu

    Ntchito zotsatirazi zimaperekedwa kwa impso:

    1. Kupenda . Ndi cholumikizira chofunikira pakuphatikizidwa kwa mapuloteni ofunikira, ma carbohydrate, ndipo amapanganso vitamini D3, yomwe imapangidwa poyambira ikaphatikizidwa ndi cheza cha ultraviolet.
    2. Kuyesa . Masana, malita a 170-175 a mkodzo woyamba amapangika m'thupi la munthu, omwe, atamaliza kusefa mosamala ndikuwabwezeretsa, amachotseredwa mkodzo wachiwiri ndi kuchuluka kwa malita 1.9. Izi ndizomwe zimathandizira kuyeretsa magazi a madzi owonjezera, mchere, zinthu zapoizoni monga ammonia, urea. Koma ngati njirayi ikuphwanyidwa, ndiye kuti poyizoni ndi ma metabolites oyipa amatha kuchitika.
    3. Kusunga kukhalabe kwazizindikiro za chilengedwe . Pali kayendedwe ka magazi ndi madzi mthupi mthupi. Njira ya aimpso imalepheretsa kudzikundikira kwa madzi owonjezera mthupi, komanso imagwirizanitsa kuchuluka kwa mchere ndi zinthu zina.
    4. Hormone kaphatikizidwe . Tengani nawo gawo pa kupanga erythropoietin, renin, prostaglandin. Erythropoietin ndi kholo la maselo am magazi ochokera m'mafupa ofiira. Chifukwa cha kuchitanso kwa renin, mulingo wamagazi oyendayenda umayendetsedwa. Ndipo prostaglandin imayang'anira kuthamanga kwa magazi.
    5. Kuyendetsa magazi . Izi sizingachitike kokha chifukwa chopanga mahomoni, komanso chifukwa chochotsa madzi ochulukirapo.
    6. Chitetezo . Zinthu zakupha monga mowa, ammonia, ndi ma metabolites oopsa zimachotsedwa m'thupi.
    7. Magwiridwe magwiridwe antchitomagazi plasma pH . Njirayi imadziwika ndi kuchotsedwa kwa ma asidi amphamvu komanso kusintha kwa kalozera wa hydrogen.Ngati mutapatuka pamlingo wofanana ndi mayunitsi 7.44, matenda opatsirana amatha kuchitika.

    Kodi ntchito ya impso ndiyofunika bwanji mthupi?

    Mukamayambitsa impso, thupi limadwala poyizoni, lomwe limayambitsa uremia. Vutoli limachitika ndi kudzikundikira kwa poizoni, limodzi ndi kuphwanya kwamchere wamadzi. Zimawonetsedwa ndi edema ya malekezero apamwamba komanso otsika.

    Ngozi zaumoyo zimatha kubweretsa urolithiasis Anapangidwa pa nthawi yayitali ya insoluble salt. Kuti mupewe izi, muyenera kuwongolera thanzi la ziwalo ndikugwiritsanso ntchito mitundu ngati iyi yopatsirana kwamkodzo ndi magazi. Ndikofunika kuchita ma diagnostics a ultrasound kamodzi pa zaka 1.5.

    Kuteteza Matenda a Impso

    Choyamba, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso mankhwala opangira mahomoni sayenera kupatula, chisamaliro chikuyenera kulipidwa pakulimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse. Kusintha magwiridwe antchito a ziwalo, ndikofunikira kudya pafupifupi malita 1.8 a madzi patsiku.

    Zakumwa za zitsamba zomwe zimathandiza kuyeretsa thupi la metabolites zovulaza ndizothandiza. Popewa kuchepa madzi m'thupi, ndikofunika kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa, zakumwa za kaboni ndi khofi ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mchere muzakudya.

    Ntchito za impso sizingachitike mopambanitsa: ndi ziwalo zofunika ndipo zimagwira nawo ntchito zambiri zofunika pamoyo wa munthu.

    Ntchito zitatu zazikulu za impso

    1. Kusefa magazi. Mu thupi laumunthu, impso zimagwira ngatiosefa wamagazi, ndikuchotsanso madzi owonjezera, urea, poizoni, creatinine. Kwa tsiku lonse, pafupifupi malita 1.5 a magazi amadutsa impso ndikuchotsedwa ku malita 0,5. mpaka malita awiri mkodzo.
    2. Kusunga madzi osalala amchere. Impso zimayang'anira zomwe zimapezeka mumchere ndi mchere m'magazi. Zikachuluka, impso zimawathandiza kuzichotsa m'thupi.
    3. Kupanga kwachilengedwe. Mahoroni otsatirawa amapangidwa mu impso:
      • Erythropoietin ndi mahomoni omwe amalimbikitsa kudya kwambiri kwa vitamini B12, chitsulo ndi mkuwa ndi mafuta. Kuwonjezeka kwa chinthu ichi m'magazi kumawonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi ndikuwonjezera mamasukidwe amwazi,
      • Thrombopoietin ndi mapuloteni opangidwa ndi chiwindi ndi impso, amathandizira kuchuluka kwa ma protein opangidwa ndi mafuta m'mafupa.
      • Calcitriol ndi mtundu wopangidwa ndi vitamini D. Umagwira ngati gawo la potaziyamu ndi phosphate metabolism. Kulephera kupanga kwa calcitriol m'thupi la mwana kumatha kuyambitsa masokosi.

    Komanso, amino acid komanso mosavuta kugaya mavitamini D3 kuchokera ku Vitamini D amapangidwira impso. Mtundu wogwira uwu wa Vitamini ndi wofunikira kuti pakhale kupasuka kwathunthu ndikuyamwa kwa calcium kuchokera m'matumbo am'mimba.

    Kuyang'anira Sodium

    Pakatha mwezi umodzi, impso zimatha kulipira pakufunika kwa sodium tsiku ndi tsiku. Izi ndizofunikira mukafuna kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mchere womwe mumamwa. Chifukwa chake, odwala akalimbikitsidwa zakudya zopanda mchere, izi sizikuvulaza thanzi lawo mulimonse (koma muyenera kutsatira zakudya zotere mopitilira masiku 40 ndikuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala).

    Tsopano mukudziwa zomwe impso zimachita. Ndibwino kudziwa momwe amawonekera. Impso iliyonse imalemera osapitirira 200. Impso ndizochepa kukula: 10-12 cm m'litali, 5-6 masentimita m'lifupi, ndi 4 cm kukula kwake, ofanana ndi nyemba. Impso zimakhala kumanja ndi kumanzere kwa msana, pomwe wina umatsika pang'ono kuposa winayo.

    Zachilengedwe zapereka mphoto kwa anthu omwe ali ndi impso zolimba kwambiri ngakhale atagwira ntchito 20%, izi zithandiza kuti thupi likhale lofunikira. Kukhala kwathu bwino, kapangidwe ka magazi, mkhalidwe wam'mafupa ndi thupi lonse zimadalira impso. Ziwalo zazing'onozi, koma zofunika kwambiri ziyenera kusungidwa ndikusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali.

    Impso - chiwalo. Ntchito mu thupi ndi yolumikizidwa. Mu kapangidwe kake, cortical ndi medulla ndizosiyanitsidwa.Pamwamba pa aliyense impso Gland yaying'ono ya endocrine imapezeka - gren ya adrenal. Minofu ya impso lili ndi ma cell omwe amatchedwa nephrons, kuchuluka kwawo ndikopanda - mamiliyoni. M'maselo amenewa, mapangidwe a mkodzo amapezeka. Poyamba, madzi a m'madzi ndi madzi amasefedwa kudzera mu glomeruli. Kenako, chifukwa chosinthanso kusinthasintha, mayamwidwe a zinthu zopindulitsa zimachitika, ndipo chifukwa cha kubisalira kwa tubular, zosafunikira ndi zinthu zina zimalowa mkodzo ndikuchotsedwa m'thupi.

    Kuchuluka kwa mkodzo komwe umapangidwira komanso kupukusa kwina komwe (diuresis) zimatengera ntchito ya mahomoni omwe amawongolera njirayi. Aldosterone imakhudza kusunga kwa sodium mthupi, ndipo, chifukwa chake, madzi. Adrenaline (mahomoni opsinjika) amachepetsa mapangidwe a mkodzo. Vasopressin, yomwe imapangidwa mu hypothalamus, imayang'anira njira zolerera za impso. Ndi kuphwanya kwa ntchito ya mapangidwe aubongo awa, kuchuluka kwa mkodzo kumawonjezeka kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pamalamulo a mahomoni, zochita impso wolumikizidwa ndi mitsempha ya vagus.

    Udindo wa impso m'thupi la munthu:

    kuchotsera. Kapangidwe kake ndi mkodzo, ndipo umakhala ndi zinthu zosafunikira m'thupi (zinthu zowola, poizoni, ndi zina zambiri),

    makulidwe, i.e. Cholinga chake:

    kagayidwe, i.e. kutenga nawo mbali zosiyanasiyana kagayidwe kachakudya mu thupi,

    endocrine, i.e. kupanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana: calcitrol, yemwe ntchito yake ndikuwongolera kagayidwe ka calcium, renin - ndiye amene amachititsa kuchuluka kwa magazi, magazi a prostoglandins, omwe magazi amawadalira, erythropoietin - amayang'anira homeopoiesis, i.e. hematopoiesis m'mafupa ofiira.

    Pantchito impso mumalowedwe ofunikira, kudya kwamadzi kokwanira kumafunikira. Mowa, zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, khofi zosokoneza ntchito impso . Matenda oopsa, kunenepa kwambiri, kupezeka kwa matenda osiyanasiyana sikulonjezanso impso palibe chabwino. Subcooling ingayambitse matenda a impso yotupa m'chilengedwe. Hypodynamia, zovuta za metabolic zimathandizira kupanga impso miyala. Matenda a impso kwambiri. Chovuta chachikulu kwambiri matenda a impso Anuria ndi pomwe kupanga kwamkodzo kumayima kwathunthu ndipo thupi limapatsidwa poizoni ndi zinthu zake zowola.

    Mankhwalawa matenda a impso chakudya chimagwira gawo lofunikira, tebulo No. 7 limakhazikitsidwa, lomwe maziko ake ndi kuchuluka kwa mchere.

    Kapangidwe ka impso

    • ziwalo zophatikizika, mawonekedwe ake ndi osanjikiza,
    • Ngati kulephera kwa impso, kuyeretsedwa kwamwazi kumafunika pogwiritsa ntchito zida za hemodialysis, apo ayi poizoni aliyense adzakhalabe m'thupi, pakapita kanthawi wodwalayo akafa.
    • ziwalo zimapezeka kudera lumbar, kumanzere kumakweza pang'ono: chiwindi chimakhala pamwamba kumanja,
    • mainchesi - 10-12 masentimita, chiwalo choyenera ndichaching'ono,
    • pali chipolopolo choteteza kunja, kachitidwe kamakonzedwa mkati kuti kakonzedwe ndikuchotsedwa kwamadzi,
    • makulidwe a parenchyma omangidwa ndi chipolopolo ndipo maziko ake ndi 15-25 mm,
    • gawo loyambirira ndi nephron, kuchuluka kwa thupi lathanzi ndi 1-1.3 miliyoni. Msempha umapangidwa mkati mwa nephron. Mitundu itatu ya nephrons imasiyanitsidwa kutengera momwe magwiridwe ake ndi kapangidwe kake,
    • minofu ya impso imakhala yopanda pake, zomwe zimapezeka kunja (mchenga, miyala, zotupa) nthawi zambiri zimakhala palibe,
    • Mitsempha ya impso imapereka magazi ku impso, mkati mwa chiwalo, nthambi imatulutsa ma arterioles, ndikudzaza glomerulus iliyonse ndi magazi. Kupanikizika kosalekeza kumakhala ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha ma arterioles: kuwomba kawiri konse ngati kubweretsa,
    • kusinthasintha kwa magazi m'magawo osiyanasiyana kuchokera pa 100 mpaka 150 mm RT. Art. sizikhudza kutuluka kwa magazi mu minyewa ya impso. Ndi nkhawa yayikulu, njira zamatenda, kuchepa kwa magazi, kuchepa kwa magazi,
    • calyces wamkulu aimpso amapanga a impso pelvis, olumikizidwa ndi ma ureters ku chikhodzodzo.

    Mapangidwe a mkodzo

    Njirayi ili ndi magawo atatu. Kuphwanya ntchito kwa kusefera, kuwonongeka kwa glomeruli ndi ma tubules kumasokoneza ndondomekoyi, kumayambitsa kukoka kwa madzimadzi, kumabweretsa kuchuluka kwa poizoni.

    • kusefa kudzera pazigawo zitatu za zosefera
    • kuchuluka kwa mkodzo mukusonkhanitsa mbiya ndi ma bumbu,
    • katulutsidwe katulutsidwe - kayendedwe kazinthu zosafunikira kuchokera magazi kupita mkodzo.

    Kuchulukitsa ndi mtundu wa mkodzo wotulutsidwa masana kumayendetsedwa ndi mahomoni:

    • adrenaline - amachepetsa mkodzo,
    • aldosterone imasunga adrenal cortex. Hormone yowonjezera imayambitsa kulephera kwa mtima, edema, kuchuluka - kuchepa kwa madzi, kuchepa kwa magazi,
    • estradiol amawongolera calcium-phosphorous metabolism,
    • vasopressin ndi amene amachititsa kuti impso ziziyamwa. Timadzi timene timatulutsa hypothalamus. Ndi kugonjetseka kwa dipatimenti iyi, kuchuluka kwa mkodzo kumakwera kwambiri - mpaka malita asanu,
    • mahomoni a parathyroid ndi omwe amachititsa kuti mchere wina uchotsedwe m'thupi.

    Zindikirani! Ntchito ya impso imayang'aniridwa osati ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi adrenal gland, chithokomiro, hypothalamus, komanso ulusi wazachisoni, mitsempha ya vagus.

    Ntchito ziwalo zophatikizidwa

    Ntchito yayikulu ya impso ndikuti ziwalo zimapopa magazi onse kudzera pazosefera zazing'ono, kuyeretsa madzi a majeremusi, poizoni, poizoni, ziphe ndi zina zoyipa. Mphamvu yakufa kwa impso ndizodabwitsa - mpaka malita mazana awiri a mkodzo patsiku! Chifukwa cha impso, thupi limalandira magazi “oyera” nthawi zonse. Zinyalala zofunika, zinthu zowola zimapukusidwa mu mkodzo kudzera mu urethra (urethra) mwanjira yachilengedwe.

    Kodi ntchito za impso ndi ziti?

    • kuchotsera ntchito impso. Kuthetsa urea, mankhwala owola, ziphe, creatinine, ammonia, amino acid, shuga, mchere wochokera mthupi. Kuphwanya lamulo la kuwulula kumabweretsa kuledzera, thanzi labwino,
    • choteteza. Zosefera zofunika ziwalo, sinthani zinthu zoopsa zomwe zimalowa mthupi: nikotini, mowa, mankhwala opangira mankhwala,
    • kagayidwe. Chitani nawo chakudya, lipid, protein metabolism,
    • homeostatic. Yendetsani mawonekedwe a ionic a zinthu zosakanikirana ndi magazi, khalani ndi madzi okwanira mthupi,
    • endocrine ntchito impso. Ma Nephrons amakhudzidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwamahomoni ofunikira ndi zinthu: prostaglandins (yendetsani kuthamanga kwa magazi), calcitrol (limayendetsa kagayidwe kazinthu kake), erythropoietin (imalimbikitsa mapangidwe a magazi), renin (imathandizira kufalikira kwamwazi).

    Ndikosavuta kuona kufunika kwa impso. Anthu ambiri saganiza za momwe ntchito yopangira ziwalo zokhala ndi nyemba zimakhalira mpaka matenda atayamba kutupa osakola. Kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya impso, mavuto pakapangidwe ndi kutulutsa mkodzo zimakhudza mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi.

    Zizindikiro za kukula kwa aimpso

    Magawo oyambira nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupifupi asymptomatic. Anthu nthawi zambiri samalabadira chisangalalo chofatsa m'dera lumbar, amakhulupirira kuti msana umapweteka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala. Pokhapokha ndikumva kupweteka kwambiri, kudziwonera mwangozi matenda a kwamikodzo thirakiti losavomerezeka kwamatenda, odwala amayendera katswiri

    Tsoka ilo, malinga ndi zotsatira za kusanthula kwamkodzo ndi magazi, radiology, adokotala nthawi zambiri amawulula mtundu wa matenda amisala. Ndi milandu yapamwamba, nephrosis ali ndi chithandizo chachitali komanso chodula.

    Pitani ku adilesi kuti mumve zambiri momwe mungakonzekere kuyambiranso urology ndi momwe machitidwewo amayendera.

    Ndikofunikira kudziwa zizindikiro zazikulu za zovuta za impso:

    • m'mawa, kutupira kumadziwika m'maso ndi m'miyendo, zomwe zimatha mofulumira mukangowonekera maola angapo,
    • nthawi zambiri kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakwera. Kuphwanya zizindikiro ndi chizindikiro cha matenda oopsa, komanso nephritis, atherosulinosis, matenda ashuga,
    • Mavuto pokodza: ​​Mkodzo wambiri kapena wocheperako umatulutsidwa kuposa masiku onse, ngakhale njira yumwa imakhala yofanana,
    • kusapeza bwino kwa lumbar. Ngati, pamenepo kusamveka kumamveka kuchokera mbali imodzi kapena kwinakwake, nthawi zina, mbali zonse za msana, koma osati pakatikati pake (mbali yolunjika)
    • mthunzi kapena kuwonekera kwa mkodzo kumasintha
    • "Lumbago" nthawi zambiri amamveka ku lumbar dera, nthawi zambiri, mbali imodzi. Chizindikiro ichi chikuwonetsa kutukusira kapena kusuntha kwamiyala m'miyala,
    • kufooka kosagwirizana, ulesi, kugona, komanso kusapeza bwino kumunsi kwakumbuyo komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi kuyenera kuyambitsa lingaliro lakuchezera urologist. Ndi aimpso matenda, poizoni kudziunjikira m'thupi, motero kuwonongeka kwa ambiri.

    Zofunika! Ngati chizindikiro chimodzi kapena zingapo zikuwoneka, ndikofunikira kuti mudzacheze ndi nephrologist kapena urologist, tengani mkodzo, magazi, ndi impso. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro zoyipa sizimapezeka, koma mkodzo acid ndiwambiri kapena wotsika kuposa wabwinobwino, maselo ofiira am'magazi, mapuloteni amawoneka mumkodzo, kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera kukwera, ndi zizindikiro zina zimakulirakulira.

    Kodi cholakwika ndi impso ndi chiyani?

    Matenda a ziwalo zofunika amakula mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zoyipa:

    • hypothermia, mapazi onyowa,
    • uchidakwa
    • Kutentha: impso imagwira ntchito ndi kuchuluka, imagwira kuchuluka kwamadzi akumwa,
    • zojambula, mphepo yozizira,
    • kusowa kwa magalimoto, kuyambitsa magazi ndi mkodzo,
    • chikhodzodzo chodzaza: mulingo woyenera wokodza ndi nthawi 5-6 patsiku. Ndi kusayenda kwa mkodzo, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timachulukitsa,
    • Kuchepetsa thupi kwambiri kumakwiyitsa kuwonjezeka kwa impso chifukwa kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mafuta oteteza kuzungulira mbali ya nyemba,
    • kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pafupipafupi, mankhwala ena amphamvu,
    • kudya zakudya zotsekemera kwambiri kapena zamchere, nyama zotsekemera, zonunkhira, zakudya yokazinga zimakhudza mkhalidwe wa nephrons, tubules, kusefa glomeruli,
    • zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi zamtundu wokhala ndi zokongoletsera, zonunkhira, zotsekemera sizipindulitsa impso,
    • madzi amamineral okhala ndi mpweya, wokhala ndi mchere wambiri, amayika zovuta pa impso. Ndikofunikira kumasula mpweya, pang'ono pang'ono poti muchiritse mafuta, pokhapokha atatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. Kuchiritsa madzi amchere amaloledwa kumwa maphunziro okhawo omwe amaganizira za matendawo komanso momwe amapangira mchere,
    • kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri, kugwira ntchito molimbika, kukweza thupi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira muyeso.
    • njira yotupa m'magawo osiyanasiyana a thupi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tokhala m'magazi timalowa m'magazi a impso, mwina matenda oyamba ndi ziwalo zofunika.

    Momwe mungachepetse chiwopsezo cha matenda

    • chenjezo
    • kumwa madzi oyera, “ofewa”,
    • kukana kawirikawiri kugwiritsa ntchito madzi a acidic, zipatso za zipatso, tomato,
    • Ndikofunika kwambiri kumwa tiyi wopanda mafuta obiriwira, msuzi wa rosehip, kulowetsedwa kwa chimanga, bere, parsley,
    • kutsukidwa bwino impso, chivwende. Mfundo yofunika - gourds ayenera kukhala ndi ma nitrate ochepa,
    • Madzi a gome lamchere ndi abwino kwa thupi, koma mokwanira. Pafupipafupi kugwiritsa ntchito, kuchuluka kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kumauza urologist wodwala winawake,
    • musamamwe mowa wamphamvu, mowa, mowa. Zakumwa zoledzeretsa za Carbonated zokhala ndi mankhwala ambiri zimakhala zowopsa,
    • osamadya zakudya zachikale, zodzaza thupi ndi chakudya "cholemera", zonunkhira zonunkhira, zonunkhira zotentha,
    • ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mchere, womwe umakwiyitsa kuchuluka kwa madzi mthupi, edema, nkhawa yowonjezera pamitsempha,
    • kumwa moyenera mankhwalawa - mpaka malita awiri a madzi patsiku.Izi zikuyenera kukhala zachilendo tsiku lililonse, mwinanso pakapita nthawi, poizoni umachulukana, ngati simusambitsa impso, monga momwe timayembekezera,
    • musatenge nawo mbali yankhokwe, nyama yamwana wambiri, mackerel, cod, ng'ombe, sorelo, sipinachi. Khofi wamphamvu, chokoleti, mowa, ma legamu - zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi purines komanso oxalates. Kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi mitundu yamtunduwu chakudya kumatsutsa kuchuluka kwa mchere, kumabweretsa urolithiasis ndi gout - matenda olowa.

    Kuchita bwino kwa impso ndikofunikira kwa thupi. Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la impso, moyo wawo umachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo chitetezo chofooka chimafooka. Kudziwa mawonekedwe ndi magwiridwe antchito ofunikira kumathandiza kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake impso ziyenera kutetezedwa, momwe mungapewere matenda a matenda opatsirana komanso osapatsirana.

    Vidiyo - phunziro la anatomy lomwe limafotokozera ntchito ya kwamikodzo dongosolo, kapangidwe ka impso ndi kapangidwe ka mkodzo:

    Ntchito yodziwika bwino ya impso ndikupanga mkodzo ndikuchotsa poizoni osiyanasiyana ndi iyo. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuyeretsa magazi pakapangidwa mkodzo woyambira ndikudzikiritsa pa mzere wachiwiri wama magazi oyera ndi okosijeni komanso zinthu zina zofunikira.

    Palibe ziwalo zosafunikira mthupi, zonse zimafunikira, ndipo aliyense wa iwo amagwira ntchito zingapo ndikugwirira ntchito molingana ndi enawo. Kuphwanya gawo limodzi kumabweretsa kulephera kosiyanasiyana kwa ziwalo zina. Kodi impso zimayang'anira chiyani - kuti minofu yonse imayeretsedwa ndi poizoni, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndizabwinobwino, magazi amadzaza ndi zomwe zimafunikira. Mahomoni ndi ma enzyme amayendetsa ntchito yonse. Ntchito ya thupi lokha amawongolera ndi:

    • parathyroid
    • estradiol
    • vasopressin,
    • adrenaline
    • aldosterone.

    Ntchito ya impso imayendetsedwa ndi parathyroid mahomoni, estradiol, vasopressin, adrenaline ndi aldosterone

    Kuphatikiza pa izo, ulusi wachikondi komanso mitsempha ya vagus imathandizira ntchito ya chiwalo.

    Matenda a parathyroid - mahomoni a chithokomiro England. Amayang'anira zotuluka zamchere kuchokera mthupi.

    Ma estradiol achikazi amakhala ndi vuto la phosphorous ndi mchere wama calcium m'magazi. Pazocheperako, mahomoni achikazi amapangidwa mwa amuna, motsatana.

    Vasopressin imapangidwa ndi ubongo, kapena, ndi dipatimenti yake yaying'ono - hypothalamus. Imayang'anira mayendedwe amadzimadzi mu impso zomwe. Munthu akamamwa madzi ndipo ngati achulukirapo m'thupi, ntchito za osmoreceptors zomwe zili mu hypothalamus zimachepa. Kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amachotsedwa ndi thupi, mmalo mwake, kumawonjezeka. Ngati thupi lilibe madzi okwanira, madzi am'mimba amayamba, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a peptide omwe amachokera ku ubongo, vasopressin, amawonjezeka kwambiri. Madzi a minofu amasiya kuchotsedwapo. Ngati mutu wavulala, kuwonjezeka kwa mkodzo kumachitika, mpaka malita 5 patsiku. Izi zikutanthauza kuti hypothalamus yaonongeka ndipo kupanga vasopressin kuyimitsidwa kapena kuchepetsedwa kwambiri.

    Vasopressin imayendetsa mayendedwe amadzi mu impso iwonso

    Adrenaline, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi hormone ya mantha, imapangidwa. Amachepetsa kukodza. Zowonjezera zake m'magazi zimatsatiridwa ndi edema ya zimakhala zonse, matumba pansi pamaso.

    Revenue cortex imapanga ma aldosterone amadzi. Ikabisidwa mopambanitsa, kumachedwetsa madzi amthupi ndi sodium. Zotsatira zake, edema, mtima kulephera, matenda oopsa. Ndi osakwanira kupanga aldosterone mthupi, kuchuluka kwa magazi kumachepetsedwa, chifukwa madzi ambiri ndi sodium amathiridwa.

    Ntchito ya impso m'thupi la munthu imadalira gawo la chiwalo chokha, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa chithokomiro, ubongo, mtima.

    Ntchito zofunikira za impso mwa anthu:

    • kuchotsera
    • choteteza
    • endocrine
    • kagayidwe
    • homeostatic.

    Nephron: gawo lomwe ziwalo zake zimagwira ntchito moyenera

    Kuphatikiza apo, ziwalozo zimakhala ndi gawo logwira ntchito lotchedwa nephron. Nephroni amawerengedwa kuti ndiye gawo lofunikira kwambiri la impso.Chiwalo chilichonse chimakhala ndi nephron yoposa imodzi, koma imakhala pafupifupi 1 miliyoni. Nephron iliyonse imayang'anira ntchito ya impso m'thupi la munthu. Ndi nephron yomwe imayang'anira kukoka. Ma nephroni ambiri amapezeka mu kotekisi ya impso.

    Gawo lililonse lothandizidwa ndi nephron limayimira dongosolo lonse. Dongosololi limapangidwa ndi Shumlyansky-Bowman kapisozi, glomerulus ndi tubules kudutsa wina ndi mnzake. Aliyense glomerulus ndi capillary dongosolo lomwe limapereka magazi kwa impso. Malupu a capillaries awa ali mkati mwa bokosilo, lomwe lili pakati pa makhoma ake awiri. Khomo la kapisolo limadutsa mkati mwa matumbu. Mabukhu awa amapanga gawo lodutsa kuchokera ku cortical chinthu kupita muubongo. Omwe kumapeto ndi ma nephron ndi ma pumbu. Pamatumba achiwiri, mkodzo umathiridwa m'makapu.

    Ubongo umapanga mapiramidi okhala ndi ma vertices. Iliyonse ya piramidi imatha ndi papillae, ndipo iwo amalowa mkati mwa calyx yaying'ono. M'dera la papillae, tubules onse ophatikizidwa amaphatikizidwa.

    Makina ogwirira ntchito a impso ya impso amaonetsetsa kuti ziwalo zina zikugwira ntchito moyenera. Ngati nephron sakanakhalako, ziwalozo sizikanakwaniritsa ntchito zomwe zapatsidwa.

    Mphamvu ya impso imangokhala osati nephron, komanso machitidwe ena omwe amawonetsetsa kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo. Chifukwa chake, mitsempha ya impso imachoka ku msempha. Chifukwa cha iwo, kuthira magazi kwa impso kumachitika. Mchitidwe wamagulu amtundu wa ntchito umachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mitsempha yomwe imalowa mu celiac plexus mwachindunji mu impso. Kuzindikira kwa chifuwa cha impso ndikotheka chifukwa cha mitsempha.

    Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

    Impso imagwira ntchito m'thupi ndi makina awo ogwirira ntchito

    Kuti mumveke bwino momwe impso imagwirira ntchito, muyenera kudziwa kuti ndi chiyani chomwe amapatsidwa. Izi zikuphatikiza ndi izi:

    • cholozera,
    • osmoregulatory
    • yoyang'anira ion
    • intrasecretory, kapena endocrine,
    • kagayidwe
    • hematopoietic (amatenga mbali mwachindunji),
    • ndende ntchito ya impso.

    Masana amasamba magazi onse. Chiwerengero chobwereza ndondomekoyi ndi chachikulu. Pafupifupi 1 lita imodzi ya magazi amapaka mphindi imodzi. Nthawi yomweyo, ziwalo zimasankha kuchokera m'magazi opukutidwa zinthu zonse zowola, poizoni, poizoni, ma virus ndi zinthu zina zovulaza thupi la munthu. Kenako zinthu zonsezi zimalowa m'magazi am'magazi. Komanso, zonsezi zimapita kwa oreters, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo kupita ku chikhodzodzo. Pambuyo pake, zinthu zovulaza zimachoka m'thupi la munthu pomwe chikhodzodzo chilibe.

    Poizoni amalowa m'matendawa, salinso ndi vuto lochita kubwereranso m'thupi. Chifukwa cha valavu yapadera yomwe ilipo mu ziwalo, cholembera chamafuta obwera m'thupi chimatha. Izi zimatheka chifukwa valavu imatseguka mbali imodzi yokha.

    Chifukwa chake, kupukuta malita oposa 200 a magazi patsiku, ziwalozo zimayang'anira kuyera kwake. Kuchokera pakumwa ndi poizoni ndi ma virus, magazi amakhala oyera. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa magazi amasambitsa khungu lililonse laanthu, motero ndikofunikira kuti liyeretsedwe.

    Bweretsani ku zomwe zalembedwa

    Ntchito zazikuluzikulu za ziwalo

    Chifukwa chake, ntchito yayikulu yomwe ziwalo zimachita ndi excretory. Amatchulidwanso kuti excretory. Kupepesa ntchito kwa impso kumayambitsa kusefa ndi secretion. Njira izi zimachitika ndi kutenga nawo gawo kwa glomerulus ndi tubules. Makamaka, kusefedwa kumachitika mu glomerulus, ndipo njira zobisika komanso kubwezeretsanso zinthu zomwe zimafunikira kuchotsedwa m'thupi zimachitika m'matumbu. Ntchito ya impso ndiyofunika kwambiri chifukwa imayendetsa mkodzo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ikatuluka m'thupi mwake.

    Ntchito ya Endocrine ndiye kapangidwe ka mahomoni ena.Izi zimakhudzana ndi renin, chifukwa chomwe madzi amasungidwa m'thupi la munthu ndipo kuchuluka kwa magazi omwe amayendayenda kumayendetsedwa. Ma erythropoietin a mahomoni, omwe amathandizira kupanga maselo ofiira am'magazi m'mafupa, ndikofunikanso. Ndipo pamapeto pake, ziwalo zimapanga ma prostaglandins. Izi ndi zinthu zomwe zimayang'anira kuthamanga kwa magazi.

    Ntchito ya metabolic imakhala m'chochitika chakuti mu impso mumayang'ana ma michere ndi zinthu zofunika pa ntchito ya thupi zimapangidwa ndikusandulika zina zofunika kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, vitamini D amasinthidwa kukhala D3. Mavitamini onse awiriwa ndiofunika kwambiri kwa anthu, koma vitamini D3 ndi mtundu wamphamvu wa vitamini D. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha ntchito imeneyi, thupi limasunga mapuloteni, zakudya komanso lipids.

    Ntchito ya Ionoregulatory imaphatikizapo kukhazikitsidwa kwa acid-base balance, komwe ziwalozi zimayankhanso. Chifukwa cha iwo, asidi ndi zamchere zopanga madzi amwazi zimasungidwa m'khola komanso mulingo woyenera. Ziwalo zonse ziwirizi zimamasulidwa, ngati kuli kotheka, bicarbonate kapena hydrogen, chifukwa chomwenso chimasungidwa.

    Ntchito ya osmoregulatory ndiyo kusungitsa kuchuluka kwa magazi omwe amagwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana pamadzi osiyanasiyana omwe thupi lingadutse.

    Ntchito ya hemopopoietic imatanthawuza kutengapo gawo kwa ziwalo zonse ziwiri mu hematopoiesis ndi kuyeretsa magazi kuchokera ku poizoni, majeremusi, mabakiteriya owopsa ndi poizoni.

    Kugwira ntchito kwa impso kumatanthawuza kuti amachepetsa mkaka ndi kuthira mkodzo pochotsa madzi ndi ma solamu (makamaka urea). Maulamuliro ayenera kuchita izi mosadalira wina ndi mnzake. Mukakodza mkodzo, madzi ambiri amatulutsidwa, osati zinthu zosungunuka. Osatengera izi, kudzera mu ndende, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa zinthu zosungunuka kumasulidwa, m'malo mwa madzi. Kugwira ntchito kwa impso ndikofunikira kwambiri pamoyo wamunthu wonse.

    Chifukwa chake, zikuwonekeratu kuti kufunikira kwa impso ndi gawo lawo lamthupi ndilokulirapo kotero kuti nkovuta kuzidyetsa.

    Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti chisokonezo chochepa kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa ziwalozi kulabadira izi ndikuyang'ana kwa dokotala. Popeza njira zambiri mthupi zimadalira ntchito ya ziwalozi, kubwezeretsanso ntchito ya impso kumakhala chochitika chofunikira kwambiri.

    Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ntchito yokhayo ya impso m'thupi la munthu ndiyo kupanga ndi kuithetsa.

    M'malo mwake, ziwalo zophatikizika nthawi imodzimodziyo zimagwira ntchito zingapo, ndipo ndikutanthauzika kwa impso, zotsatira zovuta zowonongeka zimatha, zomwe mu mawonekedwe osiyidwa zimatha kupha.

    Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani amafunikira ndipo amagwira ntchito yanji mthupi?

    Izi ndizofunikira kuti mabakiteriya azitha kukula m'magazi, momwe sing'anga yokhala ndi acid-base balance kumtunda kapena pansi pa 7.4 unit logo ndi yabwino.

    Impso zimathandizanso kuchuluka kwa mchere wamwazi m'magazi, kuphwanya komwe kumalephereka pantchito yofunika yonse ya thupi.

  • Kusintha Mkodzo mwachindunji.
  • Zamatsenga. Kukula kwa yogwira mawonekedwe a vitamini D - calcitriol. Zinthu zoterezi ndizofunikira pakulowetsedwa kwa calcium m'matumbo.

    Kodi zimagwira bwanji?

    Impso yoperekedwa ndi magazi kudzera m'mitsempha yayikulu oyenera ziwalo kuchokera mbali. Komanso, zakumwa, zopangidwa ndi poyizoni za kusweka kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimayenera kuchotsedwa m'thupi zimalowa m'matumbo awa.

    M'matumba amenewa, omwe mkati mwa impso nthambi yaying'ono, madzi amadzimadzi amapita m'matumbo a impso, ndikupanga madzi amkodzo oyambira. Kupitilira apo, mkodzo wotere umachoka ku glomeruli wopangidwa ndi ma capillaries amenewa kupita ku pelvis.

    Si madzi onse omwe amalowa impso omwe amachotsedwamo : gawo lake ndi magazi, omwe, atadutsa pakati pa impso, amatsukidwa ndikuwatsitsa kudzera mu ma capillaries ena mu mtsempha wa impso, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo kupita ku dongosolo lonse la magazi.

    Kuzungulira kwa madzi amadzimadzi kumachitika nthawi zonse, ndipo tsiku limodzi impso zonse zimayendetsa zokha mpaka malita 170 a mkodzo woyamba , ndipo popeza ndizosatheka kuchotsa kuchuluka kotero, gawo lina lamadzimadzi limabwezedwanso.

    Panthawi imeneyi, zinthu zonse zofunikira zomwe zimapezekamo zimasefedwa momwe zingathere, zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi magazi lisanatuluke impso.

    Ngati pazifukwa zina ngakhale kuphwanya pang'ono ntchito zotere kumachitika - mavuto otsatirawa ndi otheka :

    • kuthamanga kwa magazi
    • chiopsezo chotenga kachilomboka ndipo njira zotsatsira pambuyo pake zimawonjezeka,
    • kutuluka kwamkati m'mimba ndi matumbo,
    • kutsika kwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ogonana,
    • chitukuko.

    Ndi kuphwanya kwamphamvu kwa ziwalo, kukula kwa necrosis ndikotheka, kufalikira mpaka kumizere ya cortical.

    Ndizothekanso kupita patsogolo, komwe zizindikiro zitha kuwoneka mwa kugwedezeka kwamphamvu, khunyu, kuchepa magazi. Nthawi yomweyo, chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima komanso matenda a mtima chikuchulukirachulukira, ndipo chowopsa kwambiri, ndichotheka kuti chitha kuphedwa.

    Momwe mungayang'anire ngati pali zolakwira?

    Nthawi zambiri matenda aimpso mawonekedwe owoneka . Awa ndi kutupa kwa m'munsi m'maso, kukodza kwamkodzo, khungu lonse. Koma nthawi zina mawonetseredwe oterewa palibe, ndipo mawonekedwe a impso amatha kuwunika pokhapokha pakuwunika.

    Kuzindikira koteroko kumaphatikizapo njira izi:

    • . Zotsatira zitha kuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa matupi, mapuloteni, mchere ndi mankhwala, kupezeka kwake komwe ndi chikhalidwe cha kutupa kwa zida za impso.
    • Kuunika kwa X-ray. Limakupatsani mwayi wowona bwino minofu ya impso. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito ma reagent osiyana, omwe "amawonetsa" minofu ya impso pazithunzi.
    • . Imapangidwa kuti iwonenso mawonekedwe a impso ndipo imatha kuchitika onse pazifukwa zamankhwala komanso pakuwunika koyeserera pachaka. Njira imakuthandizaninso kutsata kuphwanya kwamikodzo.
    • Pamaso pa zikuwonetsa kapena kukayikira kwa vuto laimpso, njira zitha kuchitidwa, makompyuta ndi. Maphunzirowa amalola mwakuwunika bwino kuti athe kuona mbali zina za chiwalocho ndi kuziwerenga mosiyanasiyana.

    Bwezeretsani ndi kukonza magwiridwe antchito

    Ngati vuto laimpso lawonongeka, ndipo ngati ndi kotheka, kukonza ntchito, palibe njira zina zochiritsira zochizira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

    Pa munthu yekha kutsatira malangizo ena :

    Pansi pa izi, kugwira ntchito kwa impso kungapeweke.

    Koma ngakhale munthu atakhala ndi moyo wathanzi, ndikofunikira kuti ayesedwe ndi katswiri.

    Chiyambireni cha ma pathologies a impso ndidakali chinsinsi kwa akatswiri, ndipo nthawi zina matenda amatuluka popanda zofunikira zilizonse, ndipo pakupita patsogolo, chithandizo cha ziwalo zotere nthawi zonse chimakhala chotalikirapo komanso chovuta, ndipo Nthawi zambiri njira za pathological sizingasinthike .

    Kodi impso m'thupi la munthu - onani vidiyo:

    Ntchito za impso sizingachitike mopambanitsa: ndi ziwalo zofunika ndipo zimagwira nawo ntchito zambiri zofunika pamoyo wa munthu.

    Kodi impso ndi ziti ndipo zikupezeka kuti?

    Ngakhale kuti chiwalochi chimakhala chosasinthasintha, minofu yake imakhala ndi zinthu zazing'ono zambiri zotchedwa ma nephrons. Pafupifupi miliyoni 1 yazinthu izi zilipo impso imodzi. Pamwamba pa aliyense wa iwo pali malpighian glomerulus, wotsitsidwa mu chikho chosindikizidwa (Shumlyansky-Bowman kapisozi). Impso iliyonse imakhala ndi kapisozi wolimba ndipo imadyera magazi omwe amalowa.

    • mtengo wapamwamba
    • impso papilla
    • mitengo ya impso
    • sinus impso
    • chikho chaching'ono cha impso,
    • chikho chachikulu cha impso
    • pelvis,
    • Cortical chinthu
    • wokonzekera
    • pansi pamtengo.

    Impso imagwira ntchito mthupi la munthu

    • Hematopoiesis - amatulutsa timadzi timene timayendetsa mapangidwe a maselo ofiira am'magazi, omwe amadzaza thupi ndi mpweya.
    • Kusintha - amapanga mkodzo ndikumataya zinthu zoyipa kuchokera pazinthu zofunikira (mapuloteni, shuga ndi mavitamini).
    • Kupanikizika kwa osmotic - kuyesa mchere wofunikira m'thupi.
    • Kuwongolera mapuloteni - onetsetsani kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, otchedwa oncotic.

    Ngati aimpso ntchito, matenda osiyanasiyana amayamba omwe amachititsa kuti matenda a impso alephere. Kumayambiriro, matendawa alibe kwambiri matendawa, ndipo mutha kudziwa kukhalapo kwawo podutsa mkodzo komanso kuyesa magazi.

    Kodi ndizotheka kuphatikiza kirimu wowawasa wa shuga m'zakudya zanu? Katundu, zabwino ndi zopweteka.

    Mavuto a shuga: glaucoma - zimayambitsa, zizindikiro, njira zamankhwala. Werengani zambiri mu nkhaniyi.

    Zotsatira za matenda a shuga ku impso: zakukula ndi kupewa

    Ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu 2, mwayi wokhala ndi matenda a impso ndi pafupifupi 5%, ndipo ndi matenda amtundu 1 - pafupifupi 30%.

    Mu magawo oyamba a shuga mellitus, kukula kwa nembanemba komwe kumazungulira glomeruli kumachitika, komanso kukula kwa minofu ina yoyandikana nayo. Ziwalo zowonjezereka pang'onopang'ono zimachotsa ma capillaries amkati omwe amapezeka mu glomeruli iyi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti impso zimalephera kuyeretsa magazi okwanira. Mu thupi la munthu, mumakhala zotsalira, chifukwa impso imodzi ikawonongeka, kuyeretsa magazi kumapitilira.

    Parsley: zothandiza matenda a shuga mellitus. Werengani zambiri mu nkhaniyi.

    Chidule Chachidule

    Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa omwe amayenera kuthandizidwa poyambira chitukuko. Ndi chithandizo cholakwika kapena ngati mulibe, pali kuthekera kwakukulu kwa kuwonongeka kwamikodzo, makamaka impso. Izi ndichifukwa chakufupika kwa mipata yamitsempha yamagazi, yomwe imalepheretsa kudutsa kwa magazi kudzera mu impso, chifukwa chake kuyeretsa thupi. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti si odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi matenda a impso, koma chiopsezo cha kukula kwawo ndiokwera kwambiri.

    Ntchito zazikulu

    Tsiku lonse, impso ndi chiwindi zimayeretsa magazi kuti asamachotse, poizoni, ndikuchotsa zinthu zowola. Opitilira malita 200 a magazi amapakidwa kudzera mu impso patsiku, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti ndi oyera. Ma tizilombo oyipa amalowa m'madzi am'magazi ndipo amatumizidwa ku chikhodzodzo. Ndiye impso zimatani? Popeza kuchuluka kwa ntchito yomwe impso zimapereka, munthu sangakhalepo popanda iwo. Ntchito zazikuluzikulu za impso zimagwira ntchito yotsatirayi:

    • kuchotsera (kuchotsera),
    • homeostatic
    • kagayidwe
    • endocrine
    • zachinsinsi
    • hematopoiesis ntchito.

    Ntchito yopepesa - monga ntchito yayikulu ya impso

    Ntchito yowonetsa ndikuchotsa zinthu zovulaza mkati mwazinthu zamkati. Mwanjira ina, uku ndi kuthekera kwa impso kuwongolera boma la asidi, kukhazikika kwa kagayidwe kamchere wamadzi, komanso kutenga nawo mbali pothandizira kuthamanga kwa magazi. Ntchito yayikulu ndikugona pansi ntchito iyi ya impso. Kuphatikiza apo, amawongolera kuchuluka kwamchere, mapuloteni m'madzi ndikupereka kagayidwe. Kuphwanya ntchito ya impso kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa: chikomokere, kusokonekera kwa homeostasis, ngakhale kufa. Potere, kuphwanya kwa mawonekedwe a impso kumaonekera mwa kuchuluka kwa poizoni m'magazi.

    Kupepesa ntchito kwa impso kumachitika kudzera mwa mphuno - magawo a impso. Malinga ndi kutengera kwachilengedwe, nephron ndi mgwirizano wamadzimadzi mu kapisozi, wokhala ndi ma tubules komanso chubu lodziunjikira. Ma Nephrons amagwira ntchito yabwino - amawongolera kukhazikitsa koyenera kwamakina amkati mwa anthu.

    Ntchito yopepesa.Magawo antchito

    Kupepesa ntchito kwa impso kudutsa magawo otsatirawa:

    • kubisalira
    • kusefa
    • kubwezeretsanso.

    Kuwonongeka kwa impso kumabweretsa kukula kwa vuto la impso.

    Pakubisika, chinthu chamafuta, chotsalira chamagetsi, chimachotsedwa m'magazi. Kusefera ndi gawo la chinthu cholowa mkodzo. Pamenepa, madzimadzi omwe adadutsa impso amafanana ndi madzi am'magazi. Mukusefa, chizindikiritso chimadziwika chomwe chimadziwika ndi mphamvu ya chiwalo. Chizindikiro ichi chimatchedwa glomerular filtration rate. Mtengo uwu umafunikira kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa mkodzo panthawi yake. Kutha kuyamwa zinthu zofunika kuchokera mkodzo kulowa m'magazi kumatchedwa reabsorption. Zinthu izi ndi mapuloteni, ma amino acid, urea, ma electrolyte. Mlingo wa reabsorption umasintha zomwe zimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi mu chakudya komanso thanzi la chiwalo.

    Kodi ntchito yachinsinsi ndi chiyani?

    Apanso, tikuwona kuti ziwalo zathu zapakhomo zimawongolera mkati mwa ntchito ndi kagayidwe. Amasefa magazi, amayang'anira kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso amapanga zinthu zofunikira pazamoyo. Mawonekedwe a zinthuzi amagwirizana mwachindunji ndi ntchito zachinsinsi. Njira imawonetsa kubisika kwa zinthu. Mosiyana ndi kuwulula, ntchito ya impso imathandizira kupanga mkodzo wachiwiri - madzi opanda glucose, ma amino acid ndi zinthu zina zofunika m'thupi. Ganizirani mawu akuti "secretion" mwatsatanetsatane, chifukwa muzipatala mumamasuliridwa zingapo:

    • kaphatikizidwe ka zinthu zomwe pambuyo pake zimabwereranso m'thupi,
    • kapangidwe kazinthu zamankhwala zomwe zimadzaza magazi,
    • Kuchotsa ma nephrons m'magazi a zinthu zosafunikira.

    Ntchito yakunyumba

    Ntchito ya homeostatic imayang'anira kuwongolera kwamchere wamchere ndi acid-based body.

    Mulingo wamchere wamchere ungafotokozeredwe motere: kukhalabe ndi madzi ambiri mthupi la munthu, momwe ziwalo zam'mimba zimakhudzira mawonekedwe a madzi ionic ndi madzi am'mimba am'mimba. Chifukwa cha njirayi, 75% yazitsulo za sodium ndi chlorine zimabwezeretsedwanso kuchokera mu zosefera zama glomerular, pomwe anyezi amayenda momasuka, ndipo madzi amabwezedwanso mosakhalitsa.

    Kukhazikitsidwa kwa acid-based usawa ndi thupi ndichinthu chovuta komanso chosokoneza. Kusunga pH yokhazikika m'magazi ndi chifukwa cha "fyuluta" ndi kachitidwe ka buffer. Amachotsa zinthu zopangira asidi, zomwe zimasiyanitsa zachilengedwe. Pamene magazi pH chizindikiro chikasintha (izi zimatchedwa tubular acidosis), mkodzo wa zamchere umapangidwa. Tubular acidosis imawopseza thanzi, koma njira zapadera mwa mawonekedwe a h + secretion, ammoniogenesis ndi gluconeogeneis, imayimitsa kukhathamiritsa kwamkodzo, kuchepetsa ntchito za ma enzymes ndipo imathandizira kutembenuka kwa zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa mpweya.

    Udindo wa kagayidwe kachakudya ntchito

    Ntchito ya metabolism ya impso m'thupi imachitika kudzera mu kuphatikizika kwachilengedwe yogwira zinthu (renin, erythropoietin ndi ena), chifukwa zimakhudza kuphatikizana kwa magazi, kagayidwe kazigawo, komanso mawonekedwe a maselo ofiira am'magazi. Izi zimapangitsa gawo la impso mu kagayidwe. Kuchita nawo kagayidwe kazakudya zomanga thupi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kubwezeretsanso kwa amino acid ndikuwonjezeranso kwake ndi matupi amthupi. Kodi ma amino acid amachokera kuti? Amawonekera pambuyo poyambitsa chidwi cha kuphatikizika kwa zinthu zamoyo, monga insulin, gastrin, parathyroid hormone. Kuphatikiza pa njira za shuga za kagayidwe, minofu imatha kutulutsa shuga. Gluconeogenesis imachitika mkati mwa cortical wosanjikiza, ndipo glycolysis imachitika mu medulla. Likukhalira kuti kutembenuka kwa acid metabolites ku glucose imayendetsa magazi pH.

    Epulo 2, 2017 Vrach

    Impso ya munthu ndi chiwalo chophatikizira chomwe chimatsuka magazi, kukhala ndi madzi amchere, chimatenga gawo mu metabolism ndikupanga magazi.Ntchito za impso ndizosiyanasiyana ndipo ndizogwirizana kwambiri, chifukwa chake, kuphwanya ntchito yawo kumabweretsa zovuta mu thupi lathu.

    Kodi impso zimatani mthupi la munthu

    Zambiri zimatengera magwiridwe antchito a chiwalo, popeza ntchito zingapo zimapatsidwa kwa iwo mwachilengedwe. Zonsezi zitha kuperekedwa chifukwa cha kapangidwe kazinthupi ndi kuthekera kwake.

    Ntchito za impso ndi:

    • kuchotsera
    • kagayidwe
    • zowongolera (zapakhomo),
    • zachinsinsi.

    Kukula kwa impso

    Ntchito yayikulu ya thupili ndikuchotsa kuchuluka kwamadzi ndi michere ya metabolic. Amatchedwa kuti excretory kapena excretory. Impso zimapereka magazi ochuluka (mpaka malita 1,500) mwa iwo okha patsiku, kuyamba kusefa malita pafupifupi 180 a mkodzo woyamba, ndipo chifukwa, kuchokera ku 0,5 mpaka 2 malita a sekondale.

    Pamtima pa ntchitoyi pali magawo awiri: kusefedwa ndi kubwezeretsanso. Potuluka pa chikhodzodzo, mkodzo uyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ena ndi kachulukidwe. Izi ndizofunikira kuchotsa zonyansa zonse zosafunikira ndi zovulaza m'thupi, koma nthawi yomweyo, zosefera ndi kusiya chilichonse chofunikira komanso chofunikira.

    Kuti muchite ntchito ya impso, luso lotha kusefa ndi kugwiririra ntchito limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa cha kusefera, magazi amagawika tizigawo ting'onoting'ono, ndipo chifukwa cha kuchuluka, mkodzo wothandizirana ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zotulutsidwa mkati mwake kumatsimikizika.

    Momwe mkodzo umapangidwira

    Magazi omwe amalowa m'ziwalo amasefa, kudutsa mafupa a impso, ndiye kuti gawo loyambirira la nephron, lomwe ndi gawo lalikulu la impso. Ma Nephrons amatenga magwero awo mu cortical thunthu la chiwalo, kotero kusefera ndi imodzi mwazinthu za cortical wosanjikiza. Kenako, madzi osefedwa amalowa mu nephron capsule. Uwu ndi mkodzo woyamba, womwe ndi madzi omwe zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimasungunuka. Mukodzo woyamba umakhala ndi ma amino acid, mavitamini, mchere, glucose. Gawo lotsatira ndi kubwezeretsanso, ndiko kuti, kusinthanitsa. Mkodzo woyamba umatumizidwa kuma bumbu a impso, komwe michere imalowa mu magazi. Zinthu zomwe zimachotsedwa m'thupi zimakhalabe mkodzo. Kutulutsa kwake kumayendetsedwa ndi loopron.

    Mu mkodzo womaliza, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosafunikira m'thupi ndikokwera, ndipo nthawi zambiri kulibe mavitamini, ma amino acid ndi glucose.

    Kugwira ntchito kwa impso kumatchedwanso kuti nitrogen excretion, popeza kuchotsedwa kwa zinthu zomaliza chifukwa cha kusinthana kwa nayitrogeni ndiye gawo lofunikira kwambiri kutsimikizira moyo wa munthu. Zinthu monga purines, kanjira, ndipo makamaka creatinine ndi urea, zimakhala ndi poizoni m'thupi lathu, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti zimadzipatula komanso kuzichotsa m'thupi.

    Zomwe zimapatsa ntchito zapakhomo

    • Kusunga madzi osalala komanso mchere.
    • Amayang'anira pH.
    • Amatenga nawo mbali popanga shuga.
    • Amapereka ammoniogeneis.

    Mchere wamchere wamadzi umatengera kapangidwe kazinthu zamadzimadzi mkati ndi kunja kwa maselo. Ntchito ya impso imapangidwa kuti isungidwe pafupipafupi komanso kapangidwe kazinthuzi. "Omwe" omwe akuchita nawo njirayi ndi ayoni a chlorine, sodium ndi madzi. Pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu a mayoniwa amabwezeretsedwanso mu ma probuu tubules a impso glomeruli.

    Mtengo wa kuchuluka kwa ma asidi ndi ma alkali m'magazi, ndiye kuti, phindu la pH, limayendetsedwa koyambira koyamba ndi machitidwe apadera a magazi. Komabe, malamulowa amapezeka m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mitsempha, titero, imayeretsa, amachotsa zinthu za acid kapena zamchere kuti atsimikizire kuchuluka kwake.

    Acidosis, ndiye kuti, kusintha kosasintha kwa asidi-acid mpaka kukulira acidity (kutsika kwa pH), ndi ngozi kwa thupi lathu. Homeostatic impso ntchito imapereka dongosolo lapadera lothana ndi izi zosafunika.Panthawi yosuntha bwino ndikuwonjezera acidity m'thupi, impso zimawonjezera kupanga ndikulowa m'magazi a ions omwe amachititsa magazi, ndikubwezeretsa bwino ma acid ndi alkali. Kuchita bwino kotereku ndikofunikira kuti ziwalo zonse ndi magwiritsidwe ntchito, zizikhala zolimbitsa thupi.

    Nawo aimpso minofu popanga shuga amapereka yachibadwa ambiri shuga pamene akusuntha bwino kwa acidity. Enzyme ya aimpso imagwira ntchito mwachindunji m'malo okhala acidic, zomwe sizinganenedwe zokhudza chiwindi chomwe chimakhudzidwa ndi glucogeneis. Ntchito imeneyi ndiyofunikira kwambiri kwa acidosis yolimbana ndi njala kapena kusowa kwa chakudya chambiri. Kuwonjezeka kwa acidity chifukwa cha matupi a ketone kumalimbikitsa glycogeneis mu minofu ya impso. Zotsatira zake, zinthu zomwe zimapanga asidi zimasanduka glucose, ndipo pH imasintha ndikusintha kwa zamchere. Ndi alkalosis (kuchuluka kwa zamchere zam'madzi), glycogenesis mu impso imalephereka, ndipo kusintha komweku kumayendetsedwa, komwe kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga ndikuwonjezera acidity. Chifukwa chake, mulingo woyenera umapezeka mu asidi-m'magazi komanso m'magazi.

    Ammoniogeneis ndi chida chowonjezera. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa kayendetsedwe kazomwe kapangidwe ka ionic sikokwanira kuti pakhale kuyanjana komanso pH yoyenera. Ammonia imapangidwa kuchokera ku amino acid mu epithelium ya renal tubules, pambuyo pake imalumikizana ndi ma hydrogen ions mu lumen wa tubules, chifukwa chomwe ammonium ions amachotsedwa. Chifukwa chake, ammoniogeneis imapangitsa kuti ichotse asidi ochulukirapo.

    Ntchito yachinsinsi

    Impso ndi chiwalo chomwe chimagwira nawo ntchito ya endocrine system yathu. Amatenga nawo mbali popanga zinthu zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe - mahomoni, chifukwa chake ntchito zachinsinsi imatchedwanso endocrine.

    Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ma impso:

    Iliyonse yamahomoni ili ndi gawo linalake la ntchito ya impso ndi ziwalo zina. Kuchuluka kwa mahomoni opangidwa ndi chizindikiritso chakuwonjezera kapena kuchepetsa ntchito zamagulu osiyanasiyana amthupi.

    Erythropoietin ndi mahomoni omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi hematopoiesis. Kuchuluka kwake kumayang'anira kupanga maselo ofiira a m'magazi. Ndi kuchuluka kwa erythropoietin, kupanga kwa maselo ofiira amachititsa. Njirayi ndiyofunika kwambiri kuti magazi athetse komanso kuthamanga kwambiri. Kuchulukitsa kwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi kumathandizira kulipira magazi ndi kuchepa kwa okosijeni komwe kumayenderana ndi kupsinjika kwa thupi.

    Kalcitriol - Vitamini D3. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku vitamini D. Njirayi imachokera pakhungu mothandizidwa ndi radiation ya ultraviolet, imapitilira m'chiwindi ndikutsirizika impso. Ntchito yayikulu ya calcitriol ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mayamwidwe amkati mwa calcium ndi kulowa kwake m'magazi. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake kuwonongeka kwa impso kumatha kubweretsa kusokonezeka kwa calcium metabolism ndikuchepetsa minofu ya mafupa.

    Renin ndi mahomoni omwe amawongolera kuthamanga kwa magazi. Amapangidwa m'magazi otsika ndikuchita izi. Kuwonjezeka kwa renin kumathandizira kupangika kwa enzyme monga angiotensin II. Amakhala ndi mitsempha yamagazi ndikuwonetsa kupanga kwa aldosterone, yomwe imasunga madzimadzi ndi mchere. Chifukwa chochepetsera lumen yamitsempha yamagazi, kuchuluka kwa mchere ndi kuchuluka kwamadzi, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakwera. Ngati kupanikizika ndikwazonse, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka renin, ndipo sikupangidwa.

    Matenda aimpso

    Popeza impso ndi thupi lomwe limayang'anira ntchito zingapo nthawi imodzi, kuwonongeka kwa ntchito yawo kumatha kubweretsa zotsatira zoyipa. Ngati thupi silikugwirizana ndi zotuluka zama metabolic, kuchuluka kwawo m'magazi kumawonjezeka, pang'onopang'ono amadziunjikira. Poterepa, kuchuluka kwamadzi mthupi nthawi zambiri kumachuluka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi azithamanga, azitupa. Ntchito zina zikaipiraipira, zizindikilo zimayamba zomwe zimafanana ndi zosokoneza zomwe zachitika.Mwachitsanzo, kulephera kugwira ntchito mwachinsinsi kumatha kubweretsa magazi m'thupi, kufooka kwa mafupa komanso kusokonekera kwawo.

    Zizindikiro zofala kwambiri zaimpso:

    Nkhani za owerenga athu

    "Ndidakwanitsa kuchiritsa a KIDNEYS pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osavuta, omwe ndidaphunzira kuchokera mu nkhani ya DOCTOR-URALOG nditatha zaka 24 Pushkar D.Yu. "

    • mavuto pokodza
    • kupweteka kumbuyo
    • kutupa
    • kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi,
    • kufooka wamba.

    Choyambitsa chachikulu cha mavuto a impso ndi imfa ya ma nephrons, gawo lofunikira la chiwalochi. Imfa ya izi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya impso chifukwa cha kutupa, zotsatira zoyipa za zinthu za nephrotoxic, komanso kuvulala. Komabe, thupi la munthu limatha kubwezeretsanso ntchito zolakwika.

    Momwe mungabwezeretsere ntchito ya impso? Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kufufuza ndikupeza momwe alili, magwiridwe antchito, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwake. Zochita zina zimadalira mtundu wamavuto, komabe, pali malingaliro omwe ali ofunikira ku vuto lililonse laimpso:

    • Kuchotsa kapena chithandizo cha zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwalo ziwonongeke
    • kudya
    • kutsatira lamulo lakumwa,
    • Chithandizo
    • Matenda a kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kuchuluka kwa thupi,
    • chenjezo la Hypothermia.

    Munthawi zonsezi, njira zimafotokozedwera kuti ziwathandize kusintha matenda a impso mogwirizana ndi momwe wodwalayo alili. Kuwonongeka kwa impso nthawi zambiri kumakhala mbali imodzi, kumathandizira thupi kuthana ndi kukhalabe ndi magwiridwe antchito.

    Kodi impso zili kuti mwa anthu

    Nthawi zambiri, pakakhala kupweteka kulikonse, mukuganiza kuti zimachokera kuti (kuchokera mumtima, m'mimba kapena gawo lachikazi). Koma kodi mukudziwa kuti impso zimapezeka mwa anthu ndi momwe amadzikumbutsira? Kunena zowona, ambiri angayankhe kuti onse akudziwa, ndipo monga momwe awonetserako asonyeza, pali malingaliro olakwika akulu pamutuwu. Potsirizira kuti athetse kukayikira ndi mawonekedwe, tidzalongosola zonse mwatsatanetsatane momwe tingathere.

    Ingoganizirani munthu ataimirira patsogolo panu kuyambira kumbuyo. Mukuwona msana, mapewa, nthiti zotchuka. Kodi mukutha kuwona chiuno? Pano pamzere wake, kumbali zonse za chikondwererocho pali impso. Nthawi zambiri malowa amatchedwa lumbar.

    Chiwalo choyenera chimakhala chotsika kuposa lamanzere. Izi ndichifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa chiwindi "oyandikana" apamwamba. Ndi iye yemwe adayambitsa chifukwa chosiya izi.

    Tsopano popeza mukudziwa malo enieni omwe mukufunsako, afunseni anzanu, bwenzi lanu, mwamunayo kapena makolo kuti akuwonetseni komwe kuli impso za munthu uja, ndipo mutha kulemba ziwerengero zanu za kusazindikira kuchuluka kwa anthu pankhani yofunikayi.

    Kutupa kwa impso

    Mkati mwa impso mumadziwika kuti "miyendo". Izi ndi zotengera ndi mitsempha yomwe imatsogolera kwa iyo kuchokera ku machitidwe ena. Kapangidwe kakang'ono kwambiri ka minofu ya adipose, kamene kamagwira ntchito ngati kachitetezo ka izo, kumateteza chiwalo kuchokera kunja. Pansi pake pali mizere ingapo yosiyanasiyana (makapu ndi pelvis), omwe amalumikizana ndipo amawoneka akugwera mzake. Kuchokera ku pelvis, mkodzo wopangidwira umatumizidwa kudzera mureteni kupita ku chikhodzodzo komanso kutuluka.

    Ntchito mu impso ikuchitika chifukwa cha nephrons, otchedwa aimpso matupi. Cortical thunthu mu aimpso danga limapangidwa ndi iwo, ang'onoang'ono ziwiya ndi zotumphukira minofu.

    Mphamvu ya impso yaumunthu ndiyosavuta komanso yomveka, koma nkovuta kulingalira momwe amagwirira ntchito zovuta.

    Kodi impso imagwira ntchito bwanji mthupi

    Ambiri aife timazindikira impso kuti ndi chiwalo pokodza. Izi ndi zowona, ndi "cell" yofunika kwambiri ya genitourinary system ndipo ntchito yowonekera mkati ndiyoyofunikira kwambiri.

    Kodi mkodzo umapangidwa bwanji? Kuchokera magazi. Magazi omwe akupitilira kudzera mu impso amatsogolera kuti amasefedwa ndipo amayeretsedwa.Zomwe zimatsalira, ndipo awa ndi urea, creatinine, ammonia, mchere wamchere, glucose ndi amino acid, pamodzi ndi madzi ochulukirapo amatuluka ngati mkodzo.

    Koma si zokhazo. Impso zimayang'anira kuwongolera kwa osmotic katundu wamagazi (kuwongolera zomwe zili ndi madzi akunja kwama cell) komanso mulingo wa sodium, calcium, potaziyamu ndi chionine ion.

    Sitingangotchulapo ntchito yofunikira kwambiri ya endocrine ya impso. Zinthu zingapo zimapangidwa ndipo zimapangidwa mwa iwo:

    • Calcitriol ya mahomoni, yomwe imayang'anira calcium metabolism m'thupi.
    • Enzyme ya renin ndiyofunikira pakuwongolera kuchuluka kwa kuzungulira kwa magazi.
    • Prostoglandins, ntchito yayikulu ndikukhazikitsa magazi.
    • Erythropoietin imatulutsa magazi m'mafupa.

    Impso zimagwira nawo gawo la metabolism ndipo zimagwira ntchito yoteteza. Amasiyanitsa ndi kuchotsa zinthu zakunja zochokera m'thupi zomwe zimalowa mthupi mwaumwa, nikotini, mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso mankhwala.

    Magawo a impso

    Popeza ndazindikira komwe impso zili mwa munthu, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana momwe zimapangidwira.

    Akaona impso, lingaliralo limangotuluka m'mutu mwake kuti lofanana ndi nyemba zofiirira. Ndili ndi nyemba izi kuti zimagwirizanitsidwa nthawi zambiri. Iliyonse imafikira masentimita khumi ndi awiri m'litali, zisanu ndi theka m'lifupi, ndi mainchesi anayi m'lifupi. Izi ndi za mulingo wapakati ndipo zimatha kusiyanasiyana pang'ono. Onani kuti impso yakumanzere pano idadzilekanitsanso kwambiri, komanso kulemera. Kulemera kumasiyana pakati pa 0,12 ndi 0,2 kg. Mtunda pakati pawo kuchokera pamwamba ndi 8 cm, kuchokera pansi - 11 cm.

    Onani kuchokera kumbuyo kupita ku impso

    Chifukwa chakuti impso zimakhala kumbali ya peritoneum, maopareshoni aliwonse pa iwo amachitidwa kuchokera kumbuyo. "Nsonga" zawo zili pansi pa nthiti zomaliza, mwina kapangidwe ka impso m'thupi la munthu sikankasankhidwa pachabe, koma pofuna kuwateteza. Ngati mukukayikira matenda a impso, wodwalayo amayesedwa kuchokera kumbuyo, komwe palpation imachitika. Nthawi zina, matendawa amatha kuwoneka ngati ofiira pakhungu ndi ziphuphu pakuwonekera kwa impso.

    Kodi pali kusiyana kulikonse pakati pa amuna ndi akazi

    Palibe ambiri, komabe alipo. Komwe impso za akazi ndi amuna zimapezeka, timaganizapo za malo omwewo, koma mfundo yoti oyambayo ndi otsika ndi chowonadi. Izi ndizothandiza tikamaganizira zomanga zofananira, chifukwa thupi, zaka, chidzalo, ndi zinthu zina zimakhudzanso ziwerengerozi.

    Chifukwa chakuti genitourinary system ndi kuphatikiza kwamagulu awiri amkati (kwamkodzo ndi maliseche), amuna ndi akazi omwe ali ndi zibwenzi amatha kukhala ndi malingaliro osiyana ndi matenda omwewo.

    Kanema watsatanetsatane pamalo, mawonekedwe ndi ntchito ya impso

    Matenda a matenda ashuga nephropathy (ochokera ku Greek. "Efros" - impso, "pathos" - matenda) ndi zovuta za matenda ashuga, omwe amatha kupezeka ndi matenda a shuga a mitundu yoyamba komanso yachiwiri. Koma kuti timvetsetse bwino chifukwa chake, momwe zimachitikira komanso zomwe zimachitika kwa impso ndi matenda a shuga, tidzakambirana zambiri zokhudza momwe impso zimagwirira ntchito.

    Kodi gawo la impso limagwira ntchito yanji? Kodi imagwira ntchito yanji?

    1. Opanda tsatanetsatane, kapena mwasayansi:

    Madzi amadzimadzi, ma electrolyte (sodium, potaziyamu ndi ena),

    Zinthu zamabolic (urea, uric acid),

    Mankhwala Osokoneza bongo, Zoopsa

    2. Kusungabe malo ozungulira mkati (madzi olimbitsa, kuthamanga kwa osmotic, kuchuluka kwa elekitirodi, pH)

    3. Endocrine - kaphatikizidwe ndi katulutsidwe kazinthu zosiyanasiyana zotheka:

    Renina - kutenga nawo mbali pazoyendetsa magazi

    Erythropoietin - mapangidwe a maselo ofiira a m'magazi

    The yogwira mawonekedwe a vitamini D

    4. Kutengapo gawo pakusinthana:

    Zakudya zomanga thupi, Mapuloteni, Mafuta

    Kuwonongeka kwa mahomoni ena a protein

    Kodi impso ili bwanji?

    Impso - chiwalo chophatikizika chomwe chimakhala ngati mawonekedwe a nyemba komanso chokhala mkati mwake, m'mphepete mwake chakumaso.Zipata zotchedwa impso zimakhala pakati pa m'mphepete mwa impso, kuchokera pomwe ureter amasiya. Kuphatikiza pa chipata cha impso, mu gawo ili la chiwalocho muli mulu wa zotengera zingapo: mitsempha ndi mitsempha, yomwe imapereka magazi kuti ikonzeke ndikutsatira kwake, komanso zotengera zamitsempha ndi mitolo yamafupa amitsempha.

    Kunja, kachulukidwe kakulidwe kamene kali ndi impso. Pansi pake pali minofu ya impso, yomwe imakhala ndi nephrons - "" yogwira "ntchito ya impso. Ndilo gawo ili lomwe limapanga njira yoyeretsera magazi ku zinthu zovulaza ndikusunga mawonekedwe ake mosalekeza. Impso iliyonse ili ndi ma nephroni pafupifupi miliyoni!

    Nephronyo imakhala ndi madipatimenti angapo:

    1. Corpuscle aimpso ndi tangle ma capillaries okhala ndi kapisozi. Kuchokera pa capillaries, gawo lamadzi limalowa mu kapisozi, mapangidwe a mkodzo woyamba. Mpaka 140 malita ake amapangidwa patsiku, koma mulinso ndi zinthu zofunika, motero kukonzanso kumachitika. Gawo ili limapanga gawo la impso.

    2. Dongosolo la ma tubules ndi ma tubules - pali chosinthira mayankho a zinthu zofunika, madzi, ndende. Mumkodzo wachiwiri umapangidwa, womwe umalowa mkatikati mwa chikhodzodzo. Matumba a nephron amapanga chakuya kwambiri, chaimpso cha impso. Amawonetsedwa ngati mapiramidi, maziko oyang'anizana ndi chakunja cha impso.

    Kutsiliza: impso zimagwira gawo lalikulu mu kagayidwe, kuwonongeka kwawo kumabweretsa kusintha mthupi lonse.

    Chifukwa cha matenda a diabetes a nephropathy amakula, kodi zizindikiro zake ndi chiani, kodi pali prophylaxis pakukula kwake, ndimankhwala otani ndipo tingapewe bwanji - tikukuwuzani nonse za izi.

    Zachilengedwe zapatsa thupi laumunthu mwayi wopambana. Chilichonse mkati mwake chimagwira ntchito kwambiri. Chiwalo chilichonse chimagwira ntchito yake yofunika. Poterepa, ziwalo zonse, machitidwe amakhudzana. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira ndi impso - fyuluta yachilengedwe. Amagwira ntchito mosalekeza, kuyeretsa magazi a mitundu yonse ya poizoni amene amawononga thupi.

    Mu parenchyma yawo pali ma nephron omwe amayeretsa magazi. Chifukwa chake, poizoni, mchere wambiri, mankhwala owopsa omwe ali ndi zotsalira zamadzimadzi amadzisonkhanitsa malo ano. Zonsezi zimatumizidwa kwa mafupa a impso, kenako ku chikhodzodzo, kenako ndikuchotsedwa mkodzo ndi mkodzo. Mwambiri, ntchito za impso m'thupi la munthu ndizosiyanasiyana komanso zofunika kwambiri.

    Agiriki akale adalankhula zakufunika kwakukhalabe ndi thanzi lathanzi, kugwira ntchito kwake kosasokonekera. Adatinso kuti munthu amakhala wathanzi pokhapokha impso zake zili ndi thanzi. Omwe amatsatira mankhwala aku Eastern akudziwa kufunikira kwawo, chifukwa ndi impso, malinga ndi madotolo aku Eastern, omwe ali ndi vuto la umuna, nthawi yodziwika yokhala ndi pakati, pakubala konse kwa munthu, komanso mphamvu zake komanso mphamvu zakugonana.

    Tiyeni tiwone kuti ndi ntchito zazikulu ziti za impso? Tiyeni tikambirane za momwe angakhalire wathanzi kwazaka zambiri.

    Ntchito zazikulu za impso

    Ntchito zazikuluzikulu za thupili ndizobisalira komanso kusefedwa. Tangoganizirani, patsiku limodzi lokha, impso zimayeretseratu magazi konse maulendo 50. Koma impso zilinso ndi ntchito zina, zofunikanso chimodzimodzi. Timawalemba mwachidule:

    Kupanga kwa mahomoni. Parenchyma yomwe tanena kale imapanga erythropoietin. Izi zimathandizira popanga mafupa am'magazi.

    Chiwalochi chimasinthira vitamini D kuchokera ku chakudya kupita ku calcitriol, mawonekedwe ake yogwira. Izi ndizofunikira kuti zikwaniritse, kuyamwa ndi matumbo a calcium.

    Ntchito zazikuluzikulu zimaphatikizanso kuonetsetsa mulingo wofunikira wa asidi-m'magazi am'magazi. Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti acidic chilengedwe ndizabwino kwambiri moyo wa bakiteriya wa pathogenic. Impso zimasokoneza asidi ndikusunga pH ya 7.4.Pochita izi, amachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda ambiri owopsa.

    Kuphatikiza apo, amasunga kuthamanga kwa magazi, chifukwa amachotsa madzi owonjezera mthupi. Madzi ochulukirapo akadziunjikira, amakulitsa kuchuluka kwa magazi, potero kumawonjezera kuthinana. Ma enzyme omwe amapangidwa ndi aimpso parenchyma amawongolera pakukhalitsa moyenera ma elekitirodi.

    Mapangidwe a mkodzo. Iyi ndi njira yayikulu, yovuta. Impso imagawira madzi, kusiya kuchuluka kofunikira ndi thupi. Zina zimachotsedwa m'magazi pamodzi ndi zinthu zovulaza, poizoni. Popanda kupangidwa ndi mkodzo, munthu amatha kufa ndi kuledzera.

    Ntchito ina yofunika kwambiri ndikusunga mchere wamchere wofunikira. Pa kusefedwako, madzi ndi mchere wambiri zimachotsedwa m'magazi. Kusunga chofunikira kumasungidwa, komwe kumafunikira kuti magwiridwe antchito a thupi lonse.

    Chifukwa chake impso ndizabwino!

    Ambiri aife timaganizira za impso zathu pomwe tili athanzi. Timayamba kuda nkhawa za iwo pakabuka mavuto osiyanasiyana pantchito yawo, ndipo matenda amawoneka. Koma mukuyenera kuwapulumutsa, kupewa matenda, kufinya kuti mukhale ndi thanzi mpaka kukalamba. Chifukwa chake:

    Kodi zoipa za impso zathu ndi ziti?

    Impso ndi "sizikonda" zokongoletsa, kuzizira, kamphepo kayaziyazi, mapazi ozizira ndi zovala osatengera nyengo. Ndi zinthu izi zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zomwe zimayambitsa kutupa, kupweteka kwa dera lumbar. Kutentha kumavulazanso kwa iwo, pamene madzi amchere amchere amasokonezedwa ndi thukuta kwambiri.

    Impso zimakhudzidwa ndi chikhodzodzo chokwanira. Nthawi yovomerezeka kumwa
    madzi, kukodza kuyenera kuchitika kangapo katatu pa tsiku. Kupanda kutero, kusokonekera kwamkodzo kwamkodzo kumathandizira kukulitsa njira za kutupa.

    Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi mopitilira muyeso, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri kumavulaza impso. Zonsezi zimabweretsa kufooketsa ntchito yawo yabwinobwino, kukula kwa kutupa.

    Kuti impso zanu zizikhala zathanzi, siyani kudya zakudya zosayenera. Nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kuphwanya njira za metabolic, komanso zimayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa impso. Komanso, munthu sayenera kutenga nawo zakudya zamchere kwambiri kapena zotsekemera kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zamtundu, kudzichiritsa nokha ndi maantibayotiki kumayambitsa kuledzera kwa thupi, kuthana ndi impso.

    M'malo mwa tiyi wamasamba ambiri, msuzi wokoma, zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndi zakumwa zina zosapatsa thanzi, lipangireni lamulo kuti muzimwa madzi wamba koma oyera, ophika tiyi wobiriwira kapena zipatso zowuma zilizonse.

    Infusions a mankhwala azitsamba: masamba a bearberry, parsley, mahatchi, ma rose okalamba, ma stigmas a chimanga, ndi othandiza kwambiri pakukhalitsa ntchito ya impso komanso dongosolo lonse lachiberekero. Idyani zipatso zatsopano, zipatso. Mavwende, mavwende ndi othandiza kwambiri. Musatengeke ndi madzi amchere. Lolani impso zanu zikhale zathanzi nthawi zonse!

    Njira yowonekera mthupi ndiyofunika kwambiri kwa homeostasis. Imalimbikitsa kuchotsedwa kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana za metabolic zomwe sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito, poizoni ndi zakunja, mchere wambiri, mankhwala achilengedwe ndi madzi.

    Mapapu, kupukusa chakudya cham'mimba ndi khungu zimatenga nawo gawo pang'onopang'ono, koma impso zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuchita izi. Izi cholozera chimalimbikitsa chimbudzi cha zinthu zopangidwa chifukwa kapena analandiridwa ndi chakudya.

    Ntchito zazikulu za impso

    Kugwira impso m'thupi la munthu sikosiyana ndi zina zonse. Thupi limagwira ntchito zotsatirazi:

    • Kupepesa
    • Ion zowongolera
    • Endocrine
    • Osmoregulatory
    • Zamatsenga
    • Ntchito yamagazi
    • Kusintha

    Kwa maola 24, impso zimapopa magazi onse omwe ali m'thupi. Njirayi imabwerezedwa kangapo konse. Kwa masekondi 60, chiwalo chimapopa pafupifupi lita imodzi ya magazi. Koma impso sizingokhala pampope imodzi yokha.Munthawi imeneyi, amakwanitsa kusankha kuchokera pakapangidwe ka magazi zinthu zonse zovulaza thupi, kuphatikiza poizoni, ma virus ndi zinyalala zina.

    Zitatha izi, zovunda zimalowa m'madzi a m'magazi. Pambuyo pake, amalowa m'matumbo, kuchokera komwe amalowetsa chikhodzodzo. Pamodzi ndi mkodzo, zinthu zonse zoyipa zimachoka m'thupi la munthu.

    Ma ureters amakhala ndi valavu yapadera yomwe imachotsa kuphatikizira kwa poizoni m'thupi kachiwiri. Izi ndichifukwa choti valavu imapangidwa mwanjira yoti imangotsegulira mbali imodzi yokha.

    Impso patsiku zimangogwira ntchito yambiri. Amapopa pa malita a magazi okwana 1000, komanso, amakhala ndi nthawi yoti ayeretse. Ndipo izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa magazi amafikira gawo lililonse la thupi la munthu ndipo ndikofunikira kuti likhale loyera ndipo lisakhale ndi zinthu zovulaza.

    Homeostatic ndi metabolic ntchito

    Impso zimayendetsa bwino kuchuluka kwa magazi ndi madzi othamanga. Apa ndipomwe ntchito yawo yakudziwonekera. Amathandizira kukhazikitsa bwino ma ioni. Impso zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi pakati pa maselo ndikulamulira dziko lawo.

    Ntchito ya metabolism ya impso imawonetsedwa mu metabolism, monga, chakudya cham'mimba ndi lipids. Palinso gawo lawo mwachindunji machitidwe monga gluconeogeneis (ngati munthu ali ndi njala) kapena kuwonongeka kwa ma peptides ndi amino acid.

    Mu impso yokha ndi pomwe vitamini D imasandulika kukhala mtundu wothandiza D3. Vitamini koteroko poyambira gawo limalowa m'thupi kudzera mu cholesterol yapakhungu, yomwe imapangidwa motsogozedwa ndi dzuwa.

    Ndi impso momwe mapangidwe othandizira a protein amapezeka. Ndipo kale thupi lonse limafunikira chinthuchi kuti apange maselo atsopano.

    Ntchito zoteteza ndi endocrine

    Impso ndi gawo lomaliza poteteza thupi. Ntchito yawo yoteteza imathandizira kuchotsa m'thupi zinthu zomwe zitha kuwononga (mowa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuphatikizapo nikotini, mankhwala).

    Impso zimapanga zinthu zotsatirazi:

    • Renin ndi puloteni yomwe imayang'anira kuchuluka kwa magazi mthupi.
    • Calcitriol ndi timadzi timene timayendetsa calcium.
    • Erythropoietin ndi timadzi timene timayambitsa kuphatikiza magazi m'mafupa.
    • Prostoglandins ndi chinthu chomwe chimayang'anira kuthamanga kwa magazi.

    Zotsatira zaumoyo

    Ngati mapangidwe a impso akutsika, ndiye kuti izi zitha kutanthauza kuti mtundu wina wa matenda udachitika. Matendawa amakhala owopsa mthupi. Nthawi zina, kutsika pang'onopang'ono kumatha kuwonedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zovuta zizichotsa poizoni ndi zinthu zowola m'thupi.

    Kulephera kwamilomo kumatha kubweretsa kuphwanya kwamchere wamchere kapena acid-base.
    Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zambiri za izi. Nawa ochepa mwa iwo:

    • Pathology mu kwamikodzo dongosolo.
    • Maonekedwe a kutupa.
    • Kukhalapo kwa matenda omwe amakhudza chitetezo cha mthupi.
    • Kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya metabolism.
    • omwe amakhala osatha.
    • Matenda a mtima.
    • Kukhalapo kwa blockage mu kwamkodzo thirakiti.

    Kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya impso zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi poizoni (mowa, zinthu zosokoneza bongo, mankhwala osakhalitsa).

    Milandu yoopsa kwambiri imaphatikizidwa ndi kufalikira kwamkodzo, komwe kumalepheretsa mkodzo kusiya thupi mwachibadwa. Pa gawo lotsatila, kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo kumawonedwa.

    Zikuchitika

    Ngati pafupifupi 80% ya nsabwe za impso zowonongeka, ndiye kuti zizindikiro za kulephera kwa impso zitha kuonedwa. Ndipo amatha kukhala osadalirika komanso osiyanasiyana mwachilengedwe.

    M'magawo oyamba, polyuria imawoneka (kukhudzidwa kwakukulu ndi kusintha kwa chakudya).

    Pazotsatira zotsatila za matendawa, kusinthana kwa calcium ndi phosphorous kusokonezeka, komwe kumapangitsa ntchito ya ziwalo za parathyroid kugwira, ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale matenda monga osteofibrosis ndi osteoporosis.

    Ngati ma nephrons ambiri amagonjera zowonongeka, ndiye kuti kuperewera kwa mapuloteni kumachitika. Ndipo chifukwa cha izi, dystrophy imachitika.
    Kagayidwe ka mafuta ndi chakudya nawonso amavutika.

    Kulephera kwa kagayidwe ka mafuta kumachitika, komwe kumayambitsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta a atherogenic mthupi (ndi atherosulinosis, monga chotsatira).
    Momwe magazi amayendera amachepetsa mphamvu yake.

    Kuwonongeka kwa ntchito ya mtima ndi mtima kumayamba kudziwoneka pokhapokha kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni a metabolism omwe ndi poizoni amadzaza m'magazi.

    Mchitidwe wamanjenje umabwerekanso kuti ugonjetse, koma zizindikiro zake zimayamba pang'onopang'ono. Poyamba, munthu amathamangitsidwa ndi kutopa, kutopa ndi ntchito. Ndipo ngakhale stupor kapena chikomokere chitha kuonedwa chifukwa chakuchepa kwa ntchito yanzeru.

    Nthawi zambiri, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa impso, ochepa matenda oopsa amadzionetsa, kapena m'malo mwake, mawonekedwe ake oyipa. Mutha kuonanso edema, yomwe imayamba kuwoneka pa nkhope pafupi ndi maso, kenako ndikusunthira ku thupi.

    Ngati zoteteza ndi zotupa zikasokonekera, zinthu zambiri zapoizoni zimadziunjikira m'thupi, zomwe zimakhudza dongosolo logaya chakudya. Izi zimawonetsedwa mu kusowa kwa chakudya, kuchepa kwa kukanikizika kwa mphamvu ya m'mimba.

    Zochita zodziteteza

    Impso zimadwala matenda osachiritsika, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuchuluka mapaundi owonjezera. Samalekerera mankhwala omwe amapangidwa popanda chifukwa chachilengedwe komanso kulera kwa mahomoni. Ntchito za chiwalochi zimaphwanyidwa chifukwa chokhala modekha (chifukwa cha izi pali zosokoneza mu mchere wamchere ndi madzi), chifukwa chake miyala ikhoza kupanga.

    Impso zimachita kupweteka kwambiri poyizoni, kugwidwa koopsa, matenda osiyanasiyana ndi matenda omwe amalumikizidwa ndi kutsekeka kwamitsempha.

    Kuti impso zigwire bwino ntchito yawo, malita a madzi awiri (kapena zakumwa zosiyanasiyana) ziyenera kumeretsedwera tsiku lililonse. Kuti mukhale ndi kamvekedwe ka thupi ili, mutha kumwa tiyi wobiriwira, masamba owiritsa a parsley, mumamwa zakumwa za zipatso kuchokera ku cranberries kapena lingonberry. Mutha kumwa madzi oyera okha ndi mandimu kapena uchi ndipo uwu ukhala wabwino ngati impso.

    Zakumwa zomwe zili pamwambazi sizilola kupangidwa kwa miyala ndikupanga mkodzo mwachangu.

    Komanso, mowa ndi khofi zimasokoneza ntchito ya impso. Amawononga maselo ndi minofu yake, amachepetsa thupi. Ndipo ngati mumamwa madzi amchere ambiri, ndiye kuti miyala ikhoza kupanga impso. Madzi ochepa amatha kumwa kwa nthawi yayitali pongofuna chithandizo chamankhwala komanso chilolezo cha dokotala.

    Ndikofunika kusamala ndi zakudya zamchere. Mchere wambiri mu chakudya umakhala wowopsa kwa anthu. Kuchuluka kwake kungafike magalamu 5, pomwe anthu ena amatha kudya mpaka magalamu 10.

    Mukamaonera vidiyo, muphunzira za ntchito ya impso.

    Magwiridwe antchito a impso ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti chilichonse chikugwire ntchito moyenera. Kuphwanya gawo limodzi lokha la ntchito ya chiwalochi kumabweretsa kusintha kwamunthu m'machitidwe onse a anthu.

    Nephron - chida choyimira

    Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi impso ndi nephrons. Amachita kuyamwa. Gawo limodzi lokhala ndi ma nephrons 1 miliyoni. Chiwerengero chawo chimachepera pang'onopang'ono m'moyo wonse, chifukwa alibe mphamvu yoti akhoza kusinthanso.

    Zomwe zimayambitsa zimatha kukhala matenda a genitourinary system, kuwonongeka kwa mawotchi. Ndi zaka, kuchuluka kwa ma maikolofoni ogwira ntchito kumachepera. Pafupifupi 10% pazaka khumi zilizonse. Koma kutaya kotereku sikuopseza moyo. Ma nephrons otsalira amasintha ndikupitilizabe kusinthasintha kwa impso - kuchotsa madzi ochuluka ndi zinthu za metabolic m'thupi.

    Nephron popanga ili ndi:

    • mpira wa capillaries. Ndi chithandizo chake, madzimadzi amatuluka m'magazi,
    • dongosolo la tubules lokwera ndi ngalande zomwe umasefa mkodzo woyamba umasinthidwa kukhala mkodzo wachiwiri ndikulowetsa impso.

    Kutengera ndi komwe zili mu corticalitu, amagawidwa m'mitundu iyi:

    • cortical (ili mu kotekisi, yaying'ono, yambiri - 80% ya ma nephrons onse),
    • juxtamedullary (yomwe ili pamalire ndi medulla, yayikulu, imakhala 20% ya chiwerengero chonse cha ma nephrons).

    Momwe mungadziwire cholimba kapena kachitidwe komwe kali ngati fayilo mu impso? Pulogalamu yamatumbo oyipa omwe amatchedwa kuti thumba la Henle imadutsa mkodzo pawokha, ndikuchita zosefera mu impso.

    Kodi impso mthupi la munthu zimayang'anira chiyani? Amachita ntchito yoyeretsa magazi a poizoni ndi poizoni. Masana, oposa 200 malita amwazi amadutsa impso. Zinthu zovulaza ndi ma tizilombo tosanjidwa timasefedwa ndi kulowa mu plasma. Kenako, amazinyamula kudzera m'makinawo kupita nacho mu chikhodzodzo ndikuchotsedwa m'thupi.

    Popeza kuchuluka komwe ziwalozi zimatsuka, kugwira ntchito kwa impso m'thupi la munthu ndikosavuta kudya. Popanda ntchito yawo yonse, anthu ali ndi mwayi wochepa wokhala ndi moyo wabwino. Palibe ziwalozi, wodwalayo adzafunika kuyeretsa magazi pafupipafupi kapena.

    Kuti mumvetsetse zomwe impso zimachita, ndikofunikira kupenda ntchito yawo mwatsatanetsatane. Ntchito za impso zaumunthu, kutengera ntchito yomwe yachitika, amagawidwa m'mitundu ingapo.

    Kupepesa: ntchito yayikulu ya impso ndikuchotsa zinthu zomwe zimawola, poizoni, ma tizilombo oyipa, madzi owonjezera.

    • phenols
    • creatinine
    • matupi a acetone
    • uric acid
    • maini.

    Ntchito yowerengeka imagwira ntchito yotsatirayi: kubisa, kusefera ndi. Chinsinsi ndik kuchotsa zinthu m'magazi. Pa kusefa, amalowa mkodzo. Kubwezeretsanso ndi kuphatikizika kwa zinthu zopezeka mu magazi.

    Ntchito ya impso ikasokonekera, munthu amadzuka. Vutoli limatha kubweretsa mavuto akulu: kusazindikira, chikomokere, kusokonezeka kwa dongosolo lamagazi, imfa. Ngati sizotheka kubwezeretsa ntchito ya impso, aimpso hemodialysis amachitidwa kutiyeretsa magazi.

    Kuchulukitsa: ntchitoyi idapangidwa kuti ipange zinthu zofunikira pazogwiritsa ntchito, zomwe zimaphatikizapo:

    • renin (imayendetsa magazi, imakhudzidwa ndi kuyamwa kwa sodium, imachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, imathandizira ludzu)
    • ma prostaglandins (yendetsani kayendedwe ka magazi mu impso komanso mthupi lonse, ndikulimbikitsa kutuluka kwa sodium ndi mkodzo),
    • yogwira D3 (mahomoni ochokera ku Vitamini D3 omwe amawongolera kuyamwa kwa calcium)
    • erythropoietin (mahomoni omwe amawongolera momwe amapangira mufupa - erythropoiesis, ndiko kuti, kupanga ma cell ofiira a magazi),
    • bradykinin (chifukwa cha polypeptide iyi, zombo zimakula, komanso kukakamiza kumachepa).

    Ntchito ya endocrine ya impso imathandiza kuwongolera njira zoyambira mthupi la munthu.

    Mphamvu pa thupi

    Chomwe chimagwirira ntchito ya impso ndichakuti impso zimagwira ntchito yosonkhanitsa zinthu zofunika ndikuzipaka ndi madzi. Ngati mkodzo wagundika, ndiye kuti pali madzi ochepa kuposa madzi ndi mosemphanitsa, pomwe pali zinthu zochepa ndi madzi ambiri, mkodzo umatsitsidwa.

    Njira zakuzungulitsira ndi kuchepetsera sizimayenderana.

    Kuphwanya ntchito imeneyi nthawi zina kumayenderana ndi matenda a a impso tubules. Akulakwitsa ntchito mu ndende ntchito ya impso angathe kuwonekera chifukwa aimpso kulephera (isostenuria,). Njira zoyesera zimatengedwa kuti azitha kupatuka ndipo odwala amayesedwa mwapadera.

    Hematopoietic: chifukwa cha erythropoietin yotulutsidwa, njira yozungulira yolandirira magazi imalandira chizindikiritso chopanga maselo ofiira a magazi. Mothandizidwa ndi matupi ofiira, mpweya umalowa m'maselo onse a thupi.

    Endocrine impso ntchito yopanga mahomoni atatu (renin, erythropoietin, calcitriol), zomwe zimakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa thupi lonse.

    Osmoregulatory: ntchito ya impso pogwira ntchito iyi ndikusungitsa kuchuluka kwa maselo ena amwazi a asmotically (sodium, potaziyamu ions).

    Zinthu izi zimatha kuyendetsa kayendedwe ka madzi maselo pomanga mamolekyulu amadzi.Pankhaniyi, kayendetsedwe ka madzi ka thupi ndi kosiyana.

    Ntchito ya impso ya Homeostatic: lingaliro la "homeostasis" limatanthawuza mphamvu ya thupi yodziyimira payokha yofananira ya chilengedwe. Ntchito ya homeostatic aimpso imapangidwa pakupanga zinthu zomwe zimakhudza hemostasis. Chifukwa chakuwuka kwa zinthu zolimbitsa thupi, madzi, ma peptides, zimachitika mthupi zomwe zimakhala ndi kubwezeretsa.

    Atatha kudziwa zomwe impso m'thupi la munthu zimayambitsa, ayenera kulabadira kuphwanyidwa pantchito yawo.

    Kusokonekera kwa ziwalo zogonana

    Kodi kapangidwe ndi kagwiridwe kake kamalumikizidwa bwanji?

    Pali matenda ambiri amkodzo. Chimodzi mwazomwe chimakhala kulephera kwa impso, pamene chiwalo sichitha kugwira ntchito iliyonse mwachizolowezi.

    Koma ndizotheka kuti munthu athe kusintha ntchito yawo, chifukwa ndikofunikira kutsatira malingaliro a madokotala

    • Idyani moyenera
    • Pewani hypothermia
    • kuchita zolimbitsa thupi ndi kutikita minofu,
    • Pitani kwa dokotala panthawi yake pamene zikuwonekera.

    Kubwezeretsa ntchito yeniyeni ndi njira yayitali. Pali zida zingapo zamankhwala zomwe zimathandiza impso kugwira ntchito mwa kubwezeretsa ntchito yawo. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala osokoneza bongo: "Kanefron", "Baralgin." Chitetezo chowonjezera cha chiwalo chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi Renofort nephroprotector.

    Kuphatikiza apo, wowerengeka azitsamba ndi homeopathic azithandizira kubwezeretsa ntchito. Kumbukirani kuti chithandizo chonse chikuyenera kuchitika moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala.

    Impso ndi ziwalo zofunika kwambiri zamunthu. Chifukwa cha iwo, njira yosulira magazi ndikuchotsa zinthu za metabolic m'thupi zimachitika. Kuti mumvetsetse bwino momwe gawo lawo lilili, muyenera kuphunzira kapangidwe kawo ndi magwiridwe ake.

    Momwe impso zimagwirira ntchito

    Thupi ili limagwira ntchito nthawi zonse. Iwo amene ali ndi chidwi ndi kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya impso ayenera kudziwa kuti kufalikira kwa magazi mwa iwo sikumaimilira nthawi zonse. Mwazi umaperekedwa ndi mtsempha wamagazi, womwe umagawidwa mu ma arterioles ambiri. Amabweretsa ku mpira uliwonse. Zotsatira zake, mkodzo umapangidwa impso.

    Izi zimachitika motere:

    • Poyamba, plasma ndi madzi omwe ali m'magazi ndiwosefa mu glomeruli,
    • Madzi amkati amayamba kusungidwa m'malo osungirako apadera, pomwe thupi limatenga zinthu zonse zofunika mmenemo.
    • chifukwa cha katulutsidwe ka tubular, zinthu zowonjezera zimasamutsira mkodzo.

    Pasanathe maola 24, thupi limapopa mobwerezabwereza magazi onse amene amapezeka m'thupi. Ndipo njirayi sikutha. Mphindi iliyonse thupi limapanga 1 lita imodzi ya magazi.

    Kodi ntchito ya impso ndi chiyani?

    Chiwalo ichi chimachita ngatiasefa. Ntchito yayikulu yochitidwa ndi impso ndiyo kukodza. Ndiwofunika kwambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake chilengedwe chimapatsa munthu impso ziwiri, ndipo nthawi zina pamatha kukhala 3. Ngati umodzi wa impso walephera, thupi la munthu limatha kugwira ntchito moyenera ngakhale ndi impso imodzi.

    Ntchito zazikuluzikulu za impso zimaphatikizaponso:

    • kuchotsera
    • yoyang'anira ion
    • kagayidwe
    • endocrine
    • ntchito yopanga magazi,
    • osmoregulatory
    • kusamalira.

    Kodi kusefa kumagwira ntchito bwanji?

    Impso sizingoletsa kupopa magazi. Mothandizirana ndi njirayi, amachotsa ma virus, poizoni, poizoni ndi zinthu zina zoyipa kuchokera pamenepo, zomwe zimayambitsa magwiridwe antchito a ziwalo ndi machitidwe a thupi.

    Ndiye zinthu zowola zimakhala m'magazi am'magazi, zomwe zimawanyamula kupita nawo kwa ureters, ndipo kuchokera - kupita ku chikhodzodzo. Mukamakodza, zinthu zonse zoyipa zimachotsedwa m'thupi la munthu. Kuti ma sumu omwe adatulutsidwa sakanatha kubwereranso, ma ureters ali ndi valavu yapadera yomwe imatsegukira mbali imodzi yokha.

    Endocrine ndi ntchito zoteteza

    Impso zimathandiza thupi kulimbana ndi mowa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, chikonga komanso zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala.Kuphatikiza apo, amapanga mahomoni, ma enzymes, ndi zinthu zofunika monga:

    • calcitriol, yomwe imayang'anira kuchuluka kwa calcium,
    • erythropoietin, yomwe imayambitsa kapangidwe ka magazi m'mafupa.
    • renin, yomwe imayang'anira kuchuluka kwa magazi,
    • prostaglandins, lipid zinthu zomwe zimayendetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.

    Kodi kayendedwe ka impso ntchito bwanji mthupi

    Kuchulukana ndi kapangidwe kake ka mkodzo, kamene kamatuluka m'thupi patsiku, kumachitika chifukwa cha mahomoni:

    • adrenaline wobisika wa adrenal England amachepetsa mkodzo mapangidwe,
    • estradiol amawongolera kuchuluka kwa phosphorous ndi calcium calcium m'magazi,
    • aldosterone, wopangidwa ndi adrenal cortex, ndi secretion wambiri imakhala chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwa sodium ndi madzimadzi m'thupi, ndipo ikakhala yochepa, mkodzo wambiri umamasulidwa, womwe umapangitsa kutsika kwamagazi,
    • hormone ya parathyroid - imathandizira kuchotsa kwamchere kuchokera mthupi,
    • vasopressin - amawongolera kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe amadzimadzi mu impso,

    Kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi omwe amamwetsa masana kumakhudza zochitika za osmoreceptors apakati pa hypothalamus. Ndi madzi ochulukirapo, amachepetsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mkodzo wambiriwe ndi impso. Ngati thupi lili ndi madzi, ndiye kuti zochita zimachulukana, ndipo kuchuluka kwa madzi ocokera m'thupi kumachepa. Mkhalidwe wowopsa ungachitike ndi kuwonongeka kwa hypothalamus, pomwe kuchuluka kwa mkodzo kumatha kufika malita 4-5 patsiku.

    Kugwira ntchito kwa impso kumayendetsedwa osati ndi mahomoni. Mitsempha ya vagus komanso zomvera chisoni zimakhudza kwambiri zochitika zawo.

    Kodi muyenera kuwona dokotala ndi zizindikiro ziti?

    Mavuto a impso ndi owopsa ku thanzi, chifukwa ngati atachitika, musayerekezere kuonana ndi dokotala.

    Ndipo chakuti pakhoza kukhala kuphwanya impso kungasonyeze kukhalapo kwa zizindikiro zingapo nthawi imodzi kuchokera pamndandanda wotsatira:

    • kutopa,
    • chitetezo chochepa (matenda otsatizana ndi matenda a catarrhal),
    • Kutentha kwakukulu, komwe kumakhala pakati pa madigiri 37 37,5 Celsius ndikutuluka pang'ono madzulo,
    • kuyamwa mwachangu komanso zopweteka,
    • Kusintha kwa mkodzo
    • polyuria (kuchotsa mkodzo wambiri, womwe umakhala wopepuka kwambiri),
    • kupezeka kwa magazi mkodzo,
    • mawonekedwe a edema kuzungulira maso, pamapazi, miyendo, zala,
    • kupezeka kwa kupweteka kwapafupipafupi pamsana wakumbuyo, kumakulitsidwa ndi kukhala pamalo owongoka.

    Bwanji osanyalanyaza chithandizo chamankhwala

    Anthu ambiri amachepetsa kupita kwa adotolo, akuyembekeza kuti zonse "zitha" zokha. Kukhala ndi chiyembekezo chotere kulibe ntchito, chifukwa kumangokulitsa mavuto anu ndikupangitsa kuti matenda a impso awonongeke. Poyamba, matendawa amatha kukhala osachiritsika, ndipo pambuyo pake amatha kudwala matenda a impso. Poterepa, mtima, mitsempha, mafupa am'mimba, endocrinological system ndi m'mimba zimakhudzidwa. Chithandizo chachikulu chidzafunika, ndipo muzochitika zapamwamba, hemodialysis. Ndi njirayi, magazi a wodwalayo amasunthidwa nthawi zosefera. Gawo lililonse la hemodialysis limatenga maola angapo. Sabata, wodwalayo amafunika njira zitatuzi, motero wodwalayo amasowa ufulu woyenda, chifukwa ayenera kupita kuchipatala komwe chithandizo chimachitika masiku onse atatu kapena atatu. Ndipo zina mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo, osachepera mpaka mankhwala atapeza njira yina ya hemodialysis.

    Ndani ayenera kutenga nawo mbali kupewa

    Makamaka olabadira thanzi lawo ayenera kukhala omwe ali ndi achibale awo omwe ali ndi vuto laimpso. Kubwereza pafupipafupi kwa zilonda zapakhosi ndi / kapena kusakhazikika kwa magazi kuyenera kukhala nkhawa. Bwino kuyamba poyendera katswiri woyenera. Mwambiri, adzapereka magazi, komanso kupereka mayeso a ultrasound.Ngati zotsatira zake ndi "zokayikitsa", muyenera kufunsa katswiri wa matenda a nephrologist ndi / kapena urologist. Pafupifupi, akukhulupirira kuti anthu azaka zopitilira 40 azichita zopanga impso chaka chilichonse.

    Zothandiza

    Kudziwa kapangidwe ndi impso sikokwanira. Zingakhale zothandizanso kudziwa malingaliro a akatswiri omwe angakuthandizeni kupewa mavuto pazochitika za thupi.

    Kotero kuti ntchito ya impso siyikhala ndi vuto, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osachepera 2 malita tsiku lililonse. Ndi kuchuluka komwe kumakwanira kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi regimen iyi ya kumwa, magaziwo adzachepetsedwa mokwanira, zomwe zimathandizira kusefa kwake ndi impso.

    Zothandiza pa chiwalo ichi ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kiranberi kapena madzi a linonberry, omwe amathandiza kuchotsa madzi owonjezera mthupi komanso kuchepetsa mkodzo, womwe umalepheretsa mapangidwe amiyala.

    Kwa thanzi la impso, ndizopindulitsa kwambiri kudya mavwende, maungu, zukini ndi mavwende, omwe ali ndi mphamvu yothandiza kwambiri okodzetsa ndipo ali ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri.

    Moyo wokangalika ndi masewera ali olandilidwa, zomwe zimalepheretsa kupezeka kwa magazi stasis mu pelvis yaying'ono. Komabe, katunduyo akuyenera kukhala ocheperapo, ndipo mukakhala mu mpweya watsopano, muyenera kuvala nyengo kuti isazunze ziwalo zamkati. Pazifukwa zomwezi, atsikana ndi anyamata saloledwa kuvala zovala zamkati mochenjera kwambiri.

    Impso zimayamika ngati mumagona pamimba yanu pafupipafupi. Ngati mukulephera kugona mokwanira, ndiye kuti muzigona ngati mphindi 20 kuchokera maola 17 mpaka 19, chifukwa ndi nthawi imeneyi yomwe impso zimagwira ntchito kwambiri.

    • Kusiya Ndemanga Yanu

    https://pobedidijabetes.org

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