Matenda a shuga

Shuga mellitus (DM) ndi vuto linalake lomwe limalepheretsa anthu amakono kukhala ndi moyo wokhazikika. Onse akulu ndi ana amavutika ndi vutoli.

Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa milandu kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri pafupifupi kawiri konse, ndipo matendawo nawonso ndi ocheperako.

Malinga ndi kulosera kwa asayansi, pofika chaka cha 2030 pafupifupi 20 aliyense okhala padziko lathuli azidzadwala matenda osiyanasiyana a shuga.

Gulu la matendawa

Matenda a shuga ndi mtundu wamatenda, maonekedwe ake amakupatsirana madongosolo a endocrine.

Thupi la wodwalayo limadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi komanso kusungidwa kosalekeza pamlingo wosavomerezeka kwa munthu wathanzi.

Kusintha kotereku kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa mitsempha ya magazi, kuwonongeka kwa magazi ndi kuchepa kwa mpweya wama cell a minofu. Zotsatira zake, pali kulephera kwa ziwalo zina (maso, mapapu, miyendo, impso ndi zina), ndikukula kwamatenda oyamba kumachitika.

Zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta mu thupi ndi hypoglycemia ndizambiri. Kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe a maphunziridwe ake zimatengera mtundu womwe matendawa adachokera.

Chifukwa chake, malingana ndi magawo a zomwe ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madokotala omwe amapezekapo, matenda a shuga amatha kugawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa (kutengera kuopsa kwa maphunzirowo):

1. kuwala. Digiri iyi imadziwika ndi ochepa shuga. Ngati mutayezetsa magazi a shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu, chizindikiro sichingadutse 8 mmol / L. Ndi mtundu wonse wa matendawa, kuti wodwalayo akhalebe wathanzi, kudya kumakhala kokwanira
2. kuopsa kozama. Mlingo wa glycemia pakadali pano umakwera mpaka 14 mmol / l, ngati mutayezetsa magazi mofulumira. Kukula kwa ketosis ndi ketoacidosis ndikothekanso. Sinthani matenda omwe ali ndi shuga wambiri atha kukhala chifukwa cha kadyedwe, kumachepetsa shuga, komanso kuyambitsa insulini (osaposa 40 OD patsiku,)
3. zolemetsa. Kuthamanga kwa glycemia kuli pakati pa 14 mmol / L. Masana pali kusinthasintha kwakukuru kwamasamba a shuga. Kukhazikika kwa insulin kokha, kuchuluka kwake komwe ndi 60 OD, kumathandizira kukhazikika kwa wodwala.

Sizingatheke kuzimira payekha kuchuluka kwa kunyalanyaza matendawa. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuyesedwa kwa labotale ndikuwunikira nthawi zonse misempha ya magazi pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso apanyumba apadera.

Gulu la WHO

Mpaka Okutobala 1999, gulu la anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe adalandiridwa ndi WHO mu 1985 adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Komabe, mu 1997, Komiti ya Akatswiri a American Diabetes Association idasankhanso njira ina yodzipatula, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa podziwa komanso zotsatira za kafukufuku mu etiology, pathogenesis ndi heterogeneity ya matenda ashuga omwe amapezeka ndi asayansi panthawiyi.

Mfundo zachikhalidwe ndizomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, chifukwa chake matenda monga "odalira insulin" komanso "osadalira insulin" samachotsedwa. Malinga ndi akatswiri, matanthauzidwe omwe ali pamwambawa adasokoneza madotolowo ndikusokoneza kuzindikira kwa matendawa nthawi zina.

Potere, matanthauzidwe a mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga adasungidwa. Lingaliro la shuga mellitus, chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya, lidathetsedwa, chifukwa sizinatsimikiziridwe kuti mapuloteni osakwanira angayambitse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Ngakhale zomwe bungwe la WHO lasintha ku gulu la madongosolo, madokotala ena amagwiritsabe ntchito kupatsirana kwa matenda kuchipatala kukhala mitundu.

Fibrocalculeous shuga, adasankha kunena za kuchuluka kwa matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa chophwanya magwiridwe antchito a exocrine pancreatic. Komanso, shuga wokwera yekha pamimba yopanda kanthu amaphatikizidwa m'gulu lina. Izi zidaganiziridwa kuti zimayikidwa pakati pa nthawi yayitali pakati pa njira ya glucose metabolism komanso chiwonetsero cha matenda ashuga.

Wodalira insulini (mtundu 1)

M'mbuyomu, mtundu uwu wa kupatuka unkatchedwa ubwana, unyamata kapena autoimmune. Ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 wodwala, kuyendetsa insulin mosalekeza kumafunika kukhazikika kwa wodwalayo, chifukwa thupi limaleka kutulutsa insulini mu kuchuluka kofunikira kuti munthu akhale wathanzi chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwachilengedwe.

Zizindikiro zomwe zikuwonetsa matenda amtundu wa 1 amaphatikizapo:

• kukodza kwambiri
• kumangokhala ndi ludzu komanso ludzu,
• kuwonda
• kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe.

Zizindikiro zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa zitha kuoneka mwadzidzidzi. Matenda a shuga 1 amachititsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chizigwira bwino ntchito, pomwe thupi limayamba kupanga ma cell a ma cell a kapamba. Kulephera kwa thupi kumachitika nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha matenda (hepatitis, chikho, rubella, mumps ndi ena ambiri).

Chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha zomwe zimawoneka ndi matendawa, ndizosatheka kuti zisachitike komanso chitukuko.

Insulin yodziyimira payokha (mtundu 2)

Ichi ndi matenda a shuga omwe amapezeka mwa akulu. Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti matenda asokonezeke ndikuchepa kwa mphamvu yogwiritsa ntchito insulin.

Nthawi zambiri chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ashuga ndi kunenepa kwambiri, kapena kungokhala wonenepa kwambiri, cholowa cholakwika, kapena kupsinjika.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri ndi ofanana ndi matenda a shuga 1. Komabe, pankhaniyi, sanatchulidwe motero. Pazifukwa izi, matendawa nthawi zambiri amapezeka patatha zaka zingapo, pomwe wodwalayo amakhala ndi zovuta zazikulu zoyambirira.

Mpaka posachedwa, matenda a shuga a 2 amapezeka mwa akulu okha. Koma m'zaka zaposachedwa, ana nawonso amadwala matenda amtunduwu.

Kulekerera kwa shuga

Malinga ndi gulu lakale lija, sikuti ndimadongosolo amtundu wa shuga okha, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi zambiri kapena zowoneka bwino, komanso mtundu wotsika wa matendawa.

Ndi fomu yotsala, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachuluka, ndipo pambuyo pake sikumatsika kwakanthawi.

Vutoli limatchedwa kulekerera shuga. Iyo, ngakhale akuti alibe vuto, imatha kusinthidwa kukhala mtundu 2 wa shuga komanso matenda ena ambiri.

Ngati zikuchitidwa munthawi yake, matenda ashuga amatha kupewedwa zaka 10-15 zisanachitike. Ngati chithandizo sichikuchitika, ndi munthawi imeneyi pamene vuto la "kufooketsa shuga" limatha kukhala mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga.

Matenda a shuga

Matenda a shuga amawopa mankhwalawa, ngati moto!

Muyenera kungolemba ...

Umu ndi mtundu wa matenda ashuga omwe hyperglycemia imayamba kuwonekera kapena kutenga pakati pa nthawi yapakati.

Ndi matenda a gestational, zovuta zimatha kuchitika pakubala komanso pakubala.

Komanso, azimayi oterewa ali pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro za mtundu uwu wa shuga ndizosakhazikika kapena zofatsa.

Pachifukwa ichi, kupezeka kwa matendawa sikuchitika pamaziko a deta yomwe yapezeka pakuwunika kwa wodwala, koma pakuwunika prenatal.

Fomu labala

Komanso muzochitika zamankhwala, pali zinthu monga "latent autoimmuneabetes."

Matendawa amapezeka mwa anthu akuluakulu okha, ndipo Zizindikiro zake zimakhala pakati pa matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri.

Nthawi zambiri, odwala omwe akuwonetsa matendawa amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi tanthauzo la mtundu wa shuga.