Ma cell a Langerhans ali > Matenda a shuga

Zilumba za kapamba, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti zisumbu za Langerhans, ndi timagulu tating'onoting'ono tamaselo tomwe timabalalika mosiyanasiyana kapamba. Chikondamoyo ndi chiwalo chokhala ndi mawonekedwe a kutalika kwa 15-20 cm, omwe amakhala kumbuyo kwa m'mimba.

Zilumba za pancreatic zimakhala ndi mitundu ingapo ya maselo, kuphatikiza ma cell a beta omwe amapanga insulin. Zikondazo zimapanganso ma enzyme omwe amathandizira kugaya chakudya komanso kuthira chakudya.

Mitsempha yamagazi ikakwera pambuyo kudya, zikondamoyo zimayankha ndikutulutsa insulin m'magazi. Insulin imathandizira maselo mthupi lonse kuyamwa glucose m'magazi ndikuigwiritsa ntchito kuti ipange mphamvu.

Matenda a shuga amapezeka pamene kapamba satulutsa insulin yokwanira, maselo a thupi sagwiritsa ntchito timadzi tambiri tomwe timagwira bwino ntchito kapena pazifukwa zonsezi. Zotsatira zake, glucose amadziunjikira m'magazi, ndipo samatengedwa ndi maselo amthupi.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, maselo a pancreatic beta amaletsa kupanga insulini, chifukwa chitetezo cha mthupi chimazunza ndikuziwononga. Chitetezo cha mthupi chimateteza anthu ku matenda mwa kuzindikira ndi kuwononga mabakiteriya, ma virus ndi zinthu zina zomwe zingakhale zowopsa zakunja. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ayenera kumwa insulin tsiku lililonse.

Type 2 shuga mellitus nthawi zambiri amayamba ndi matenda otchedwa insulin, pomwe thupi limalephera kugwiritsa ntchito bwino insulin. Popita nthawi, kupangika kwa timadzi timeneti kumachepanso, kotero odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 m'kupita kwa nthawi adzayenera kulandira insulin.

Kodi kuyambitsidwa ndi ma pancreatic ndi chiyani?

Pali mitundu iwiri ya kusamutsa (kufalikira) kwa ma isanc pancreatic:

Kugawidwa kwa magawo onse a Langerhans ndi njira yomwe zigawo zochokera ku zikondwerero za wakufayo zimatsukidwa, kukonzedwa ndikugulitsa kwa munthu wina. Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa ma pancreatic islets ndi njira yoyesera, popeza ukadaulo wawo wogulitsa sunakhale wopambana mokwanira.

Pa gawo lililonse lanyumba, asayansi amagwiritsa ntchito ma enzymes apadera kuti awachotsere kapamba ka munthu amene wamwalira. Kenako timisamba timatsukidwa ndikuwerengedwa mu labotale.

Mwawamba, olandila amalandila kawiri-kawiri, uliwonse uli ndi zilumba 400,000 mpaka 500,000. Pambuyo podzilowetsa, maselo a beta a ma isles awa amayamba kupanga ndikupanga insulin.

Langerhans islet allotransplantation imapangidwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 omwe samayendetsa bwino magazi. Cholinga cha kuziika ndikuthandizira odwala kuti azitha kukhala ndi glucose wambiri malinga ndi jakisoni wa tsiku ndi tsiku kapena wopanda jakisoni.

Chepetsani kapena muchepetse chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia wosazindikira (mkhalidwe wowopsa momwe wodwalayo samadziona nawo chizindikiro cha hypoglycemia). Munthu akamaona njira ya hypoglycemia, amatha kuchita zambiri pokweza shuga m'magazi kuti azichita bwino.

Pancreatic islet allotransplantation imachitika kokha mu zipatala zomwe zalandira chilolezo chakuyesedwa kwamankhwala mwanjira iyi. Zogulitsa zimachitika nthawi zambiri ndi akatswiri a radiology - madokotala omwe amakhazikika pakulingalira kwamankhwala. Katswiri wama radiology amagwiritsa ntchito ma x-ray ndi ma ultrasound kuwongolera kuyika kwa catheter yosinthika kudzera pakayang'anidwe kakang'ono khoma lakum'mimba mu khomo lachiwindi la chiwindi.

Mitsempha ya portal ndi chotengera chachikulu cha magazi chomwe chimanyamula magazi kupita ku chiwindi. Zilumbazo zimayendetsedwa pang'onopang'ono m'chiwindi kudzera mu catheter woyikidwa mu portal mtsempha. Monga lamulo, njirayi imachitidwa pansi pa opaleshoni wamba.

Odwala nthawi zambiri amafunika kumuwonjezera kawiri kapena kupitilira apo kuti akwaniritse ntchito yaying'ono kuti athetse kapena kuthetsa kufunika kwa insulini.

Pancreatic islet autotransplantation imachitika pambuyo pancreatectomy kwathunthu - opaleshoni yochotsa matenda onse a kapamba - odwala omwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu kapena cha nthawi yayitali kapamba, yemwe samatha kudziwa njira zina zamankhwala. Njirayi siziwoneka ngati yoyesa. Langenhans islet autotransplantation sizichitika mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1.

Mchitidwewu umachitika mu chipatala pansi pa opaleshoni yotupa. Choyamba, dokotalayo amachotsa kapamba, pomwe ma zipu zikuluzikuluzo amaziwachotsa. Patangotha ola limodzi, zisumbu zoyeretsedwa zimayambitsidwa kudzera mu catheter m'chiwindi cha wodwalayo. Cholinga cha kufalikira kotero ndikupereka thupi ndi malo okwanira a Langerhans kuti apange insulin.

Chimachitika ndi chiani pambuyo pochulukitsidwa kwa ma pancreatic islets?

Zisumbu za Langerhans zimayamba kutulutsa insulin posachedwa kufalikira. Komabe, kugwira ntchito kwawo kokwanira komanso kukula kwa mitsempha yatsopano ya magazi kumatenga nthawi.

Othandizira ayenera kupitiliza jakisoni wa insulin ntchito isanayambe. Angathenso kukonzekera mwapadera isanachitike komanso ikatha zomwe zimathandizira pakukonzekera bwino komanso magwiridwe anthawi yayitali a zisumbu za Langerhans.

Komabe, kuyankha kwa autoimmune komwe kumawononga khungu la eni ake a beta kukhozanso kuukira zisumbu zomweaziyika. Ngakhale chiwindi ndi malo achikhalidwe operekera kulowetsedwa, asayansi akufufuza malo ena, kuphatikiza minofu ya minofu ndi ziwalo zina.

Kodi maubwino ndi zovuta za pancreatic islet allotransplantation ndi ziti?

Ubwino wa Langerhans islet allotransplantation umaphatikizanso kuwongolera kwa shuga wamagazi, kuchepetsedwa kapena kuthetsa jakisoni wa insulin, komanso kupewa hypoglycemia. Njira ina yothanirana ndi ma pancreatic isp ndi ma transplanc ose, omwe nthawi zambiri amachitika ndi kupatsirana kwa impso.

Ubwino wakuza kanyengoyi sikungodalira insulini komanso kugwira ntchito nthawi yayitali. Choipa chachikulu cha kufalikira kwa kapamba ndikuti ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri yokhala ndi chiopsezo chazovuta zambiri ngakhale kufa.

Pancreatic islet allotransplantation ingathandizenso kupewa hypoglycemia wosazindikira. Kafukufuku wa asayansi awonetsa kuti ngakhale magawo omwe amagwira ntchito pang'ono atatha kupatsidwa amatha kupewa izi zowopsa.

Kupititsa patsogolo kayendedwe ka shuga m'magazi kudzera mu islet allotranspgement kumatha kuchepetsanso kapena kulepheretsa kukula kwa mavuto okhudzana ndi matenda a shuga, monga mtima ndi matenda a impso, mitsempha ndi vuto la maso. Kafukufuku akupitiliza kufufuza izi.

Zoyipa za pancreatic islet allotransplantation zimaphatikizapo zoopsa zomwe zimakhudzana ndi njiridwe imodzimodzi - makamaka, magazi kapena thrombosis. Zisumbu zogulitsa zitha kusiya pang'ono kapena kusiya kugwira ntchito. Ziwopsezo zina zimakhudzana ndi mavuto obwera chifukwa cha mankhwala a immunosuppress omwe odwala amakakamizidwa kuti ateteze chitetezo cha mthupi kuti chokana ma islets omwe adaika.

Ngati wodwalayo ali kale ndi impso yolowererapo ndipo akumwa kale mankhwala a immunosuppress, zoopsa zokhazokha zimayambitsa kulowetsedwa ndi zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala a immunosuppress omwe amaperekedwa panthawi ya kuchuluka. Mankhwalawa safunikira kuti munthu azingokhala nawo mthupi lake, chifukwa maselo omwe amalowetsedwa amatengedwa m'thupi la wodwalayo.

Kodi kupindulitsa kwa zisumbu za Langerhans ndi kotani?

Kuyambira 1999 mpaka 2009 ku United States, allotransplantation of pancreatic islets inachitika kwa odwala 571. Nthawi zina, njirayi inkachitika molumikizana ndi kuphatikizira impso. Odwala ambiri amalandira inflet imodzi imodzi kapena ziwiri. Pakutha kwa zaka khumi, anthu ochepa kwambiri omwe amapezeka nthawi imodzi ndi 463,000.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, chaka chatha kuchoka, pafupifupi 60% ya omwe adalandira adalandira ufulu kuchokera ku insulin, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kuyimitsa jakisoni wa insulin kwa masiku osachepera 14.

Pakutha kwa chaka chachiwiri pambuyo pakuwonjezera, 50% ya omwe adalandira amatha kuyimitsa jakisoni kwa masiku osachepera 14. Komabe, kudziyimira pawokha kwa t-insulin kumakhala kovuta kusamalira, ndipo pamapeto pake ambiri mwa odwala adakakamizidwa kuti atengerenso insulin.

Zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zamalumikizidwe zidadziwika:

Zaka - zaka 35 ndi okulirapo.
Ochepetsa kuchuluka kwa triglycerides m'mwazi musanaikidwe.
Mlingo wotsika wa insulin musanaikidwe.

Komabe, umboni wa asayansi ukusonyeza kuti ngakhale magawo ochepa ophatikizika a Langerhans amatha kusintha kayendedwe ka shuga m'magazi komanso kuchepetsa insulin.

Kodi ma immunosuppressants ndi chiyani?

Mankhwala a Immunosuppress amafunika kupewa kukanidwa, lomwe ndi vuto lodziwika pazilichonse.

Asayansi akwanitsa kuchita bwino pantchito yakuchotsa zilumba za Langerhans m'zaka zaposachedwa. Mu 2000, asayansi aku Canada adasindikiza protocol yawo (Edmonton Protocol), yomwe yasinthidwa ndi malo azachipatala ndi kafukufuku padziko lonse lapansi ndipo ikupitabe patsogolo.

Edmonton Protocol imayambitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yatsopano ya mankhwala a immunosuppressive, kuphatikizapo daclizumab, sirolimus ndi tacrolimus. Asayansi akupitiliza kukonza ndikusintha ma protocol awa, kuphatikizapo njira zabwino zochizira zomwe zimathandizira kuwonjezera kupambana. Izi ziwembu m'malo osiyanasiyana zitha kukhala zosiyana.

Zitsanzo za ma immunosuppressants ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Langerhans islet transplantation monga antithymocyte globulin, belatacept, etanercept, alemtuzumab, izvozviximab, everolimus, ndi mycophenolate mofetil. Asayansi akufufuzanso mankhwala omwe si a gulu la ma immunosuppressants, monga exenatide ndi sitagliptin.

Mankhwala a Immunosuppress ali ndi zovuta zoyipa, ndipo zotsatira zake zazitali sizimamvetsetseka kwenikweni. Zotsatira zoyipa zapompopompo zimaphatikizapo zilonda zam'mlomo komanso mavuto am'mimba (monga m'mimba ndikukwiyitsidwa). Odwala atha kukhala:

Kuchuluka magazi cholesterol.
Kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Anemia (kuchepa kwa maselo ofiira am'magazi ndi hemoglobin m'magazi).
Kutopa
Anachepetsa magazi oyera.
Ntchito yeniyeni.
Kuchulukana kwadzaoneni kumatenda a bacteria ndi ma virus.

Kutenga ma immunosuppressants kumawonjezeranso mwayi wokhala ndi zotupa ndi khansa.

Asayansi akupitilizabe kupeza njira zololera chitetezo cha mthupi kuti chisalemo malo ena, momwe chitetezo chamthupi sichizindikira kuti ndi alendo.

Kulekerera kwakukulu kungathandizire kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa magawo obwezeretsedwa popanda kumwa mankhwala a immunosuppress. Mwachitsanzo, njira imodzi ndikutsitsa ma islets omwe amangidwa mu kupikika kwapadera komwe kungathandize kupewa kukana.

Kodi ndi zovuta ziti zomwe zikupangika kuti ma pancreatic islets azikumana?

Kuperewera kwa opereka oyenera ndikutchinga lalikulu pakugwiritsidwira ntchito kwa ziwengo zambiri za zisumbu za Langerhans. Kuphatikiza apo, siopereka onse opereka omwe ali oyenera kuchotsedwa kwa islet, chifukwa samakwaniritsa njira zonse zosankhira.

Tiyeneranso kukumbukiranso kuti pokonzekera ma islets kuti achiwike, nthawi zambiri amawonongeka. Chifukwa chake, zosowa zochepa kwambiri zimachitika chaka chilichonse.

Asayansi akuphunzira njira zosiyanasiyana kuti athane ndi vutoli. Mwachitsanzo, gawo lokhalo la kapamba wochokera kwa wopereka wamoyo ndi lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito; ma pancreatic islets a nkhumba amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Asayansi adasinthanitsa nkhumba zazingwe ku nyama zina, kuphatikiza anyani, ndikuzitsekera m'chipewa chapadera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuti zisakanidwe. Njira ina ndikupanga ma maslets kuchokera m'maselo amtundu wina - mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku maselo a tsinde.

Kuphatikiza apo, zopinga zachuma zimalepheretsa anthu ambiri kupeza. Mwachitsanzo, ku United States, ukadaulo wopanga umaonedwa ngati woyesera, umawonedwa ngati ndalama, chifukwa inshuwaransi siifotokoza njira ngati izi.

Kodi maselo ndimtundu wanji?

Zisumbu za Langerhans zimakhala ndi maselo okhala ndi magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana komanso morphology.

Matenda a 'endocrine pancreas' ali ndi:

glucagon wopanga ma cell a alpha. Homoniyo ndi wotsutsana ndi insulin ndipo amalimbikitsa shuga. Ma cell a Alfa amakhala 20% yamaselo omwe atsala,
maselo a beta ndi omwe amapangitsa kuti maselo azikhala ndi ma insulin komanso insulin, azikhala ndi 80% ya kulemera kwa chilolezo,
kupanga somatostatin, omwe angalepheretse chinsinsi cha ziwalo zina, amaperekedwa ndi maselo a delta. Unyinji wawo kuyambira 3 mpaka 10%,
Maselo a PP ndi ofunikira kuti apange pancreatic polypeptide. Homoniyo amalimbikitsa ntchito zachinsinsi zam'mimba ndipo imachepetsa kubisalira kwa m'mimba,
ghrelin, yomwe imayambitsa kugona mwa munthu, imapangidwa ndi maselo a epsilon.

Kodi zisumbu zimapangidwa bwanji?

Ntchito yayikulu yomwe ma islets a Langerhans amachita ndikusunga kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu m'thupi ndikuwongolera ziwalo zina za endocrine. Zilumbazi zimakhala ndi chisoni komanso mitsempha ya vagus ndipo zimaperekedwa mokwanira ndi magazi.

Zisumbu za Langerhans mu zikondamoyo zili ndi mawonekedwe ovuta. M'malo mwake, aliyense wa iwo ndi maphunziro ogwira ntchito mokwanira. Kapangidwe ka chilumbachi kamapereka kusinthana pakati pa zinthu zotheka pa parenchyma ndi zina. Izi ndizofunikira kuti khungu likhale ndi insulin.

Maselo a islet ali osakanikirana, ndiye kuti, amapangidwa mwanjira ya mosaic. Kalovu okhwima mu kapamba ali ndi gulu loyenera. Kachilomboka kamakhala ndi maubongo omwe amazungulira minofu yolumikizana, ma capillaries amwazi amapita mkati mwa maselo.

Maselo a Beta ali pakatikati pa lobules, pomwe ma alpha ndi ma delta amapezeka m'chigawo chakutali. Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe ka zisumbu za Langerhans kwathunthu kumatengera kukula kwawo.

Chifukwa chiyani ma antibodies amapangidwa motsutsana ndi ma islets? Kodi ntchito yawo ya endocrine ndi yotani? Likukhalira kuti kulumikizana kwa maselo a islet kumayambitsa makina amachitidwe, kenako maselo amakhudza maselo ena omwe amakhala pafupi.

Insulin imayendetsa ntchito ya maselo a beta ndikuletsa ma cell a alpha.
Ma cell a Alpha amathandizira glucagon, ndipo amathandizira pama cell a delta.
Somatostatin amalepheretsa ntchito yama cell a alpha ndi beta.

Zofunika! Pakapanda kulephera kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, matupi oyang'anira mthupi la beta amapangidwa. Maselo amawonongeka ndikuwatsogolera ku matenda oyipa omwe amatchedwa shuga mellitus.

Kuika ndi chiyani ndipo chifukwa chiyani kofunikira

Njira ina yoyenera yonyamulira chithokomiro cha tiziyeto tambiri ndikuika chiwiya chaching'ono. Poterepa, kukhazikitsa chiwalo chongogwiritsa ntchito sikofunikira. Kuika kumapereka mwayi kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kuti abwezeretse mawonekedwe a maselo a beta ndipo kafotokozedwe ka kapamba sikofunikira konse.

Kutengera ndi maphunziro azachipatala, zinatsimikiziridwa kuti mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1, omwe amapereka maselo a islet, malamulo a kuchuluka kwa carbohydrate amabwezeretsedwa kwathunthu. Pofuna kupewa kukanidwa ndi minofu yaopereka, odwala oterewa adalandira chithandizo champhamvu cha immunosuppressive.

Kubwezeretsa zilumba, pali chinthu chinanso - masentimita a tsinde. Popeza malo omwe amasungidwe a maselo aopereka alibe malire, njira ina ndiyofunika kwambiri.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti thupi libwezeretse chitetezo cha mthupi, apo ayi maselo omwe angobwezeretsedwawo adzakanidwa kapena kuwonongedwa pakapita nthawi.

Masiku ano mankhwala obwezeretsa akukhala mwachangu, amapereka njira zatsopano m'malo onse. Xenotransplantation ikuwonjezeranso - kufalikira kwa munthu kwa nkhumba kapamba.

Zowetcha nkhumba parenchyma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ashuga ngakhale insulin isanapezeke. Zidachitika kuti tiziwalo ta anthu ndi nkhumba timasiyana mu amino acid m'modzi.

Popeza matenda ashuga amakula chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zilumba za Langerhans, kuphunzira kwawo kuli ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu chothandizira bwino matendawa.

Zilumba za Langerhans: endocrine ntchito ndi ma antibodies a cell pancreatic

Monga mukudziwa, ntchito yayikulu ya zisumbu za zikondamoyo za Langerhans ndikuzindikira ntchito ya endocrine ya kapamba. Choyamba, izi ndizobisalira za mahomoni akuluakulu otchedwa insulin ndi glucagon, omwe amawongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, insulini imachepetsa kuchuluka kwake ngati zikuwonetsa kuposa zomwe zikuwonekera, ndipo glucagon, mmalo mwake, imawonjezeka.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti ngati ma cell a endocrine amapezeka kuti sangakwanitse kugwira ntchitoyo mokwanira, ndipo mwakutero, mahomoni omwe thupi limafunikira samasungidwa moyenera, ndiye kuti matenda a shuga amatha. Matendawa amapezeka chifukwa cha shuga wambiri m'thupi, ndipo chifukwa cha mankhwalawa, kupatsidwa insulin nthawi zonse ndikofunikira. Mtundu 1 wa nthendayi ndiowopsa kwambiri, chifukwa pamenepa ma cell a endocrine amawonongeka kwambiri, ndipo motero, vuto la wodwalayo limawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, koma mwachangu, ndipo amafunikira chithandizo chamanthawi zonse. Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zambiri pamenepa, mwachitsanzo, kupanga ma antibodies m'thupi motsutsana ndi matenda oyamba ndi chitetezo cha mthupi.

Chofunikira, pali njira yochizira ndikukhazikitsa ntchito za ma pancreas pancreas pogulitsa masisamba a Langerhans. Koma pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuyamba kuwunika ma antibodies kuti ma endocrine cell a kapamba azikhala, chifukwa njira ya kupatsirana ikhoza kukhala yogwira mtundu wina wa matenda ashuga okha. Koma ndi khansa kapena matenda ena a pancreatic, samapereka zotsatira zomwe mukufuna.

Langerhans islet cell transplant ndi mtundu 1 shuga

Masiku ano, mabwalo amtundu wa Langerhans amapereka mwayi wowerengetsa matenda amtundu woyamba wa shuga, chifukwa cha kufalikira kwawo. Njira iyi idapezeka osati kale kwambiri ndi akatswiri aku Canada, ndipo ngakhale imafunikira ndalama zochulukirapo, ndipo njirayo imakhala yovuta komanso yowopsa, ndi yeniyeni ndipo imapereka mwayi wobwezeretsa pang'onopang'ono ntchito ya endocrine ya kapamba, ndipo, motero, kupulumutsidwa kwa odwala kuchokera ku matenda owopsa.

Chomwe chimasinthika ndikuti maselo amtundu wa endocrine omwe amapezeka kuchokera kwa opereka amathandizidwa kulowa mthupi la munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 pogwiritsa ntchito catheter, chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha mphamvu yawo, kuchuluka kwa insulini yofunikira kuti shuga ipitirire m'magazi imayamba kupangidwa moyenera. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti mabwalo amtundu wa Langerhans kuti asamutsidwe ndi wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amachotsedwa pokhapokha mtembo womwe umakumana mokwanira ndi magawo onse ofunikira, omwe amachepetsa chiopsezo chokana, makamaka popeza ma antibodies omwe alipo mthupi amafuna kupha matupi akunja. Chofunika ndikusinthika kwa maselo am'mimba am'mimba a pancreatic amathandiza kwambiri, koma chifukwa patatha milungu ingapo wodwala wokhala ndi matenda ashuga 1 akuyamba kusintha.

Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti kuphatikiza zisumbu za Langerhans kuli pachiwopsezo chakuti ma antibodies omwe ali mthupi la wodwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo angayambitse kukana gland. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, pakuchita bwino kwa njirayi, gawo lofunikira kwambiri limachitika ndimankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe cholinga chake ndikulepheretsa kwakanthawi zochitika zina zomwe zingayambitse chitetezo cha m'thupi, zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa minofu. Komanso, mankhwala ochizira wodwala amasankhidwa mwanjira yoti asangokhala kwathunthu, koma amalepheretsa pang'ono zochitika zina zokhudzana ndi chitetezo, makamaka, zomwe zimapanga ma antibodies ku maselo a isanger a Langerhans, omwe adalola kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha endocrine pancreatic function.

Mwakuchita izi, njirayi idawonetsa zotsatira zabwino kwa odwala, makamaka popeza kunalibe kufa chifukwa chakuchotsa maselo a pancreatic gland komanso kukana kwawo komwe mothandizidwa ndi ma antibodies. Komanso, odwala ena ambiri sankafunanso chithandizo cha insulini konse, pomwe ena amafunikirabe, koma zambiri za zokhudzana ndi endocrine ntchito ya kapamba zinayenda bwino kwambiri, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti akhale ndi chiyembekezo chodzakhala ndi tsogolo labwino mtsogolo.

Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti pankhani iyi pali zovuta zina zomwe ziyenera kukumbukiridwa. Chifukwa chake, motsogozedwa ndi ma antibodies kupita ku zilumba za Langerhans, pali chiopsezo chachikulu cha mitundu yonse yazotsatira zoyipa mwa odwala, monga, kusokonezeka pakupanga madzi a pancreatic, kutsegula m'mimba, kuchepa kwa madzi, komanso zovuta zina zowopsa. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale atatha kuchita njirayi, amafunika kwa moyo wonse kuti amwe mankhwalawa omwe amafunikira kuti kukana kwa maselo omwe adalowetsedwa sikungayambe m'thupi. Ndipo chifukwa chakuti mankhwalawa akufuna kupewetsa chitetezo chamthupi, makamaka ma antibodies ena, kudya kwawo kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda onse.

Chifukwa chake, ma pancreatic islets amagwira ntchito ya endocrine yofunika thupi lonse, ndikupanga kupanga mahomoni ofunikira kagayidwe kake ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1, nthawi zina, kupatsirana kwa maselo amtundu wa endocrine kungakhale koyenera, komwe kumapangitsa kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito moyenera, ndipo motero insulini yofunika kwambiri imapangidwa moyenera.

Pancreatic minofu imayimiriridwa ndi mitundu iwiri yamapangidwe am' cell: acinus, yomwe imatulutsa ma enzymes ndikuchita nawo gawo logaya chakudya, ndi islet ya Langerhans, yomwe ntchito yake yayikulu ndikupanga mahomoni.

Pali magawo ochepa mu gland yomweyo: amapanga 1-2% ya kuchuluka kwa chiwalo. Maselo a zisumbu za Langerhans amasiyanasiyana machitidwe ndi kagwiridwe kake. Pali mitundu isanu ya izo. Amabisalira zinthu zina zomwe zimayendetsa kagayidwe kazakudya, chimbudzi, ndipo amatha kutenga nawo mbali pazochitikira pakakhala kupsinjika.

Nkhani yopezeka

Kachilumba kotchedwa Langerhans kinafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1869. Wotulutsa zofunikira izi zomwe zimapezeka mu kapamba (makamaka mkati mwake) anali wophunzira wachinyamata - Paul Langerhans. Anali iye amene adasanthula koyamba pansi pa makina oonera microscope maselo omwe mu mawonekedwe awo a morphological amasiyana ndi ma pancreatic minofu ena.

Zinakhazikitsidwanso kuti zisumbu za Langerhans zimagwira ntchito ya endocrine. Kupeza kumeneku kunapangidwa ndi K.P. Ulezko-Stroganova. Mu 1889, kulumikizana pakati pa kugonjetsedwa kwa zisumbu za Langerhans ndi chitukuko cha matenda a shuga kudayambitsidwa koyamba.

Kodi malo aku Langerhans ndi ati?

Langerhans Islands (OL) ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi ma polyhormonal omwe amapanga maselo a endocrine omwe amakhala kutalika konse kwa pancreatic parenchyma yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati exocrine. Unyinji wawo waukulu umapezeka mchira. Kukula kwa zisumbu za Langerhans ndi 0,1-0,2 mm, kuchuluka kwawo pancreas a anthu ndikuchokera 200,000 mpaka 1.8 miliyoni.

Maselo amapanga magulu osiyana pakati pomwe zombo za capillary zimadutsa. Kuchokera ku epithelium ya glandular ya acini, iwo amawupanga ndi minyewa yolumikizana ndi minyewa ya ma cell amitsempha yomwe imadutsa pamenepo. Zinthu izi zamanjenje ndi ma cell a islet amapanga zovuta za neuroinsular.

Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ma islets - mahomoni - amagwira ntchito zowonjezera: amawongolera chakudya, lipid metabolism, kugaya, komanso kagayidwe. Mwana mu gland ali ndi 6% ya ma mahomoni omwe amapanga gawo lathunthu la chiwalo. Mwa munthu wamkulu, gawo ili la kapamba limachepetsedwa kwambiri ndipo limakhala 2% ya gland.

Mitundu yama cell a islet ndi ntchito zawo

Ma cell a OL amasiyana pamapangidwe a morphological, amagwira ntchito, komanso kutulutsa. Pazilumbazi ali ndi mawonekedwe okongola. Chilumba chilichonse chimakhala ndi gulu lolinganizidwa. Pakati pake pali maselo omwe amabisa insulin. M'mphepete - maselo ofikira, kuchuluka kwake komwe kumatengera kukula kwa OL. Mosiyana ndi acini, OL sikhala ndi ma ducts ake - mahomoni amalowa m'magazi mwachindunji kudzera mwa capillaries.

Pali mitundu yayikulu 5 ya maselo a OL. Aliyense wa iwo amapanga wina, kuyang'anira chimbudzi, chakudya ndi michere ya mapuloteni:

Maselo a Beta

Maselo a Beta amapanga mawonekedwe amkati (apakati) a lobule ndipo ndiomwe amapanga (60%). Amayambitsa kupangira insulin ndi amylin, mnzake wa insulin pakuwongolera shuga. Insulin imagwira ntchito zingapo mthupi, chachikulu ndikusintha kwa shuga. Ngati kaphatikizidwe kazake asokonekera, shuga imayamba.

Maselo a Delta

Maselo a Delta (10%) amapanga gawo lakunja m'bwalomo. Amatulutsa somatostatin - timadzi tating'onoting'ono, gawo lofunika kwambiri lomwe limapangidwa mu hypothalamus (mawonekedwe a ubongo), ndipo limapezekanso m'mimba ndi matumbo.

Mwabwino, imagwirizananso kwambiri ndi ma pituitary gland, imayang'anira zochitika za mahomoni ena omwe amapangidwa ndi dipatimenti iyi, komanso imalepheretsa mapangidwe ndi kubisala kwa ma peptides okhudzana ndi mahomoni ndi serotonin m'mimba, matumbo, chiwindi, ndi kapamba palokha.

Maselo a PP (5%) ali pamtunda, chiwerengero chawo chimakhala pafupifupi 1/20 cha kanyumba. Amatha kuseketsa matumbo a polypeptide (VIP) ya vasoactive, pancreatic polypeptide (PP). Kuchuluka kwa VIP (vaso-kali peptide) kumapezeka m'matumbo am'mimba komanso mu genitourinary system (mu urethra). Zimakhudza gawo lazakudya zam'mimba, imagwira ntchito zambiri, kuphatikizapo kukhala ndi antispasmodic katundu mokhudzana ndi minofu yosalala ya ndulu ndi chimbudzi chama sphincters.

Maselo a Epsilon

Osowa kwambiri mwa zigawo za OL ndi maselo a epsilon. Kuwunikira kwambiri kwa microscopic kukonzekera kochokera pancreatic lobe kungathe kudziwa kuti kuchuluka kwawo pazomwe zimapangidwa ndizochepa kuposa 1%. Maselo amapanga ghrelin. Chimodzi mwazomwe zimaphunziridwa kwambiri pakati pa ntchito zake zambiri ndi kuthekera kolimbikitsa chidwi cha munthu.

Kodi ndimazinthu ziti zomwe zimatulukira mumayendedwe aslet?

Kugonjetsedwa kwa maselo a OL kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa. Ndikakonza njira ya autoimmune ndikupanga ma antibodies (AT) kupita ku ma cell a OL, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zonsezi kapangidwe kake kamachepa kwambiri. Kugonjetsedwa kwa 90% ya maselo kumayendetsedwa ndi kuchepa kwambiri kwa kaphatikizidwe ka insulin, komwe kumayambitsa matenda a shuga mellitus. Kupanga kwa ma antibodies kupita ku ma islet cell a kapamba kumachitika makamaka mwa achinyamata.

Pancreatitis, njira yotupa m'matumba a pancreatic, imabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ma islets. Nthawi zambiri, imakhala yovuta kwambiri momwe amafa maselo a ziwalo.

Kutsimikiza kwa ma antibodies kupita ku zisumbu za Langerhans

Ngati, pazifukwa zina, kusagwira bwino ntchito m'thupi kumachitika ndipo kupangika kwamphamvu kwa chitetezo chathupi kumayambira, izi zimabweretsa zotsatirapo zoyipa. Maselo a beta akapezeka ndi ma antibodies, mtundu I shuga mellitus umalumikizidwa ndi insulin yokwanira kupanga. Mtundu uliwonse wa antibody umatulutsa motsutsana ndi mtundu wina wa mapuloteni. Pankhani ya ma islets a Langerhans, awa ndi ma cell a beta omwe amapanga insulin. Mchitidwewo umapitilira pang'onopang'ono, maselo amafa kwathunthu, kagayidwe kazinthu kena kamasokonezedwa, ndipo ndimakudya abwinobwino, wodwalayo amatha kufa ndi njala chifukwa cha kusintha kosasintha kwa ziwalo.

Njira zakuzindikiritsa zakonzedwa kuti zidziwike kukhalapo kwa ma antibodies a insulin mthupi la munthu. Zowonetsa phunziroli ndi:

mbiri yakale ya kunenepa,
matenda aliwonse a kapamba, kuphatikizapo kuvulala,
matenda oopsa: ambiri tizilombo, omwe angayambitse kukula kwa njira ya autoimmune,
kupsinjika kwakukulu, kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro.

Pali mitundu itatu ya ma antibodies chifukwa mtundu wa matenda a shuga amandipeza:

glutamic acid decarboxylase (imodzi mwazinthu zofunika za amino acid m'thupi),
kupanga insulin,
ku OL cell.

Awa ndimakalata achilendo omwe ayenera kuphatikizidwa mu ndondomeko yoyeserera ya odwala omwe ali ndi zoopsa zomwe zingachitike. Kuchokera pazomwe zalembedwa, kuchuluka kwa ma antibodies ku glutamine amino acid ndi chizindikiritso cha matenda ashuga. Amawonekera pomwe matenda azachipatala adakalibe. Amatsimikiziridwa makamaka ali aang'ono ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira anthu omwe ali ndi chiyembekezo chakukula kwa matendawa.

Islet cell transplantation

Kuika maselo a OL ndi njira ina yosinthira kapamba kapena gawo lake, komanso kukhazikitsa chiwiya chongopanga. Ichi ndi chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri komanso chanthete cha tinthu ta pancreatic ku zokopa zilizonse: zimavulazidwa mosavuta ndipo sizibwezeretsa zokha.

Kuphatikizika kwa Islet masiku ano kumapangitsa kuchitira mtundu wa matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba ngati milandu ya insulin ilibe malire ndipo singathe kugwira ntchito. Njira yoyamba idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri aku Canada ndipo imakhala ndikuyambitsa maselo othandizira a endocrine mu cellal portal ya chiwindi pogwiritsa ntchito catheter. Cholinga chawo ndikupanga kuti maselo anu a beta azigwira ntchito, nawonso.

Chifukwa cha kugwira ntchito kwa zinthu zinaika, kuchuluka kwa insulini kofunikira kukhala ndi shuga wamagazi pang'ono kumapangidwa pang'onopang'ono. Zotsatira zimachitika mwachangu: ndi opaleshoni yopambana, pakatha milungu iwiri mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo wayamba kusintha, mankhwala obwezeretsawa amatha, kapamba amayamba kudzipangira yekha insulin.

Kuopsa kwa opaleshoni ndikukana maselo omwe asinthidwa. Zipangizo za Cadaveric zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimasankhidwa mosamala kutengera magawo onse a kuphatikizika kwa minofu.Popeza pali njira 20 zotere, ma antibodies omwe amapezeka mthupi amatha kubweretsa chiwonongeko cha minofu ya kapamba. Chifukwa chake, gawo lofunikira limasewera ndimankhwala oyenera omwe amathandizira kuchepetsa mayankho a chitetezo cha mthupi. Mankhwalawa amasankhidwa mwanjira yoti angalepheretse ena mwazo, zomwe zimakhudza kupanga kwa ma antibodies, kupita ku maselo obwezeretsereka a Langerhans. Izi zimachepetsa chiopsezo ku kapamba.

Muzochita, kufalikira kwa maselo a pancreatic mu mtundu I shuga mellitus akuwonetsa zotsatira zabwino: palibe olemba omwe anafa pambuyo pa opaleshoni. Ambiri mwa odwala adachepetsa kwambiri insulin, ndipo gawo la odwala omwe adachitidwa adasiya kufunikira. Ntchito zina zosokonekera za chiwalo zimabwezeretsedwa, ndipo mkhalidwe waumoyo udayamba kuyenda bwino. Gawo lofunika labwereranso m'moyo wabwino, womwe umatipatsa chiyembekezo chotsimikizika.

Monga kuphatikizira kwa ziwalo zina, kuwonjezera pakukana, ndizowopsa ndi zotsatirapo zina chifukwa chophwanya magawo osiyanasiyana a zachinsinsi cha kapamba. Milandu yayikulu, izi zimabweretsa:

ku matenda am'mimba,
kusanza ndi
kusowa kwamadzi kwambiri,
Zizindikiro zina za dyspeptic,
kutopa kwathunthu.

Pambuyo pa njirayi, wodwalayo ayenera kulandira mosalekeza mankhwala a immunosuppression moyo wake wonse kuti aletse kukanidwa kwa ma cell achilendo. Kuchita kwa mankhwalawa cholinga chake ndikuchepetsa mayankho mthupi - kupanga ma antibodies. Chifukwa chake, kusowa kwa chitetezo chokwanira kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda aliwonse, ngakhale osavuta, omwe amatha kukhala ovuta komanso amabweretsa zovuta.

Kafukufuku wokhudza kupatsirana kwa kapamba kuchokera kwa nkhumba kukupitilira - xenograft. Amadziwika kuti anatomy ya gland ndi porcine insulin ndi omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi anthu ndipo amasiyana nawo mu amino acid imodzi. Asanatuluke kwa insulin, pancreatic pig idagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda oopsa a shuga.

Chifukwa chiyani amasintha?

Minofu yowonongeka ya pancreatic sikukonza. Pankhani yovuta ya matenda a shuga, pamene wodwala akakhala ndi insulin yambiri, njira zoterezi zimapulumutsa wodwalayo, zimapatsa mwayi kubwezeretsa kapangidwe ka maselo a beta. M'maphunziro angapo azachipatala, maselo awa adasinthidwa kuchokera kwa opereka. Zotsatira zake, kuwongolera kwa kagayidwe kazachilengedwe kunabwezeretsedwanso. Kuphatikiza apo, odwala ayenera kuchita immunosuppress chithandizo champhamvu kuti minofu yaopereka isakanidwe.

Si odwala onse omwe ali ndi mtundu wa matenda a shuga omwe amawonetsedwa ndikusintha kwa maselo. Pali mayeso okhwima:

kusowa kwa zotsatira zochizira zosagwiritsidwa ntchito,
insulin kukana
kutchulidwa kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi,
zovuta zovuta za matenda.

Kodi opareshoni imachitidwa kuti ndipo imawononga ndalama zingati?

Njira yolowera m'malo mwa Langerhans imachitika kwambiri ku United States - motero kuchitira mtundu uliwonse wa matenda ashuga koyambirira. Izi zikuchitidwa ndi imodzi mwazipembedzo zofufuzira za shuga ku Miami. Sizingatheke kuchiritsa matenda ashuga mwanjira iyi, koma njira yabwino yochizira imatheka, pomwe zoopsa za okhwima zimachepetsedwa.

Mtengo wa kulowererapo ndi pafupifupi $ 100,000. Kubwezeretsa kwa postoperative ndi chithandizo cha immunosuppressive kuyambira pa 5 mpaka 20 $. Mtengo wa mankhwalawa pambuyo pakuchita opaleshoni zimadalira momwe thupi limayankhira maselo omwe adasinthidwa.

Pafupifupi atangochotsa, kapamba amayamba kugwira ntchito modziyimira pawokha, ndipo pang'onopang'ono ntchito yake imayamba kuyenda bwino. Njira yochira imatenga pafupifupi miyezi iwiri.

Zakudya Zabwino Komanso Zakudya

Munthu yemwe adayatsidwa masisamba a pancreatic ayenera kutsatira zakudya zopangidwa ndi madokotala ndi akatswiri azakudya. Mankhwala a Immunosuppression omwe atengedwa pambuyo pakuwonjezera angayambitse kulemera. Chakudya chopatsa thanzi ndichofunikira pakuwongolera kunenepa kwa thupi, kuthamanga kwa magazi, cholesterol yamagazi, komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Timayesetsa kukupatsani chidziwitso chofunikira komanso chothandiza kwa inu ndi thanzi lanu. Zinthu zomwe zili patsamba lino ndizachidziwitso ndipo cholinga chake ndi kuphunzitsa. Alendo otsamba sayenera kuwagwiritsa ntchito ngati malangizo azachipatala. Kudziwa dokotala komanso kusankha njira zamankhwala ndikungokhala dokotala! Sikuti tili ndi vuto lililonse chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso zomwe zalembedwa patsamba lino

Chimodzi mwazomwe chimayambitsa matenda ashuga ndi njira ya autoimmune, pomwe ma antibodies omwe amapita ku ma cell a ma isanger a Langerhans, omwe ndi omwe amapanga insulin, amapangidwa mthupi. Izi zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwawo,, chifukwa chake, kuphwanya kwa endocrine ntchito ya kapamba ndi chitukuko cha matenda a shuga a insulin.

Kuteteza: momwe mungasungire zida za islet?

Popeza magwiridwe antchito a ma Langerhans a kapamba amapanga zinthu zofunika kwambiri kwa anthu, kusintha kwa moyo ndikofunikira kuti thanzi likhale lachigawochi. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu:

kusiya ndi kusuta,
kupatula zakudya zopanda pake
zolimbitsa thupi
Kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa malingaliro.

Chovulaza chachikulu kwambiri cha kapamba chimayamba chifukwa cha mowa: chimawononga minyewa ya kapamba, chimayambitsa matenda a chamba - kufa kwathunthu kwamitundu yonse yamaselo omwe sangabwezeretsedwe.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mafuta ndi nyama yokazinga kumadzetsa zotsatirazi, makamaka ngati izi zimachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso pafupipafupi. Katundu pa kapamba amachulukirachulukira, kuchuluka kwa ma enzyme omwe amafunikira kuti mafuta ambiri azimbidwa ndikuchotsa chiwalo. Izi zimabweretsa kusintha kwa ma cell otsala a gland.

Chifukwa chake, pakakhala chizindikiro chochepa kwambiri chokhala ndi vuto logaya chakudya, tikulimbikitsidwa kukaonana ndi gastroenterologist kapena othandizira ndi cholinga chokonzanso panthawi yake kusintha komanso kupewa mavuto.

Balabolkin M.I. Endocrinology. M. Mankhwala 1989
Balabolkin M.I. Matenda a shuga. M. Mankhwala 1994
Makarov V.A., Tarakanov A.P. Njira zamomwe zimakhazikitsira magazi a glucose. M. 1994
Rusakov V.I. Zoyambira kuchitira opaleshoni yaumwini. Publishing House of Rostov University 1977
Khripkova A.G. Zamoyo Zam'tsogolo. M. Kuunikira 1978
Loyt A.A., Zvonarev E.G. Cancreas: ubale wa anatomy, physiology ndi pathology. Matenda athupi. 3 ya 2013

Ma pancreatic ma langerhans amatanthauza ma cell a polyhormonal endocrine omwe amapanga mahomoni.

Adalandiranso dzina la ma pancreatic islets. Za kukula kwake, zimachokera ku 0,1 mpaka 0,2 mm. Chiwerengero cha zilumba za akuluakulu chikhoza kufikira oposa 200,000.

Amatchedwa Paul Langerhans. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, magulu onse a magulu am'magulu adapezeka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800.

Maselo amenewa amagwira ntchito nthawi yonseyi. Amapanga pafupifupi 2 mg ya insulin patsiku.

Zilumba za kapamba zimapezeka mchira wa kapamba. Mwa kulemera, sizidutsa kupitirira 3 peresenti ya kuchuluka konse kwa zofunikira.

Popita nthawi, kulemera kumatha kuchepa. Munthu akafika zaka 50, ndi gawo limodzi lokha loti 1-2 peresenti lokha.

Nkhaniyi ifotokoza zomwe ma cell a pancreatic ali ndi, ntchito zawo ndi zina.

Ntchito Zogwira Ntchito

Mahomoni akuluakulu otulutsidwa ndi zisumbu za Langerhans ndi insulin. Koma ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti madera a Langerhans amapanga mahomoni ena ndi selo lawo lililonse.

Mwachitsanzo, maselo a alpha amatulutsa glucagon, beta imatulutsa insulin, ndipo delta imapanga somatostatin,

Maselo a PP - pancreatic polypeptide, epsilon - ghrelin. Ma hormone onse amakhudza kagayidwe kazakudya, amachepetsa kapena kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Chifukwa chake, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti maselo a pancreatic amagwira ntchito yayikulu ndikusungitsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta osungidwa m'thupi omasuka.

Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi gland zimakhudza kupangidwe kwa mafuta kapena minofu.

Amayankhanso magwiridwe antchito a ziwalo zina zaubongo zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuponderezedwa kwa chinsinsi cha hypothalamus ndi gland pituitary.

Kuchokera pamenepa ndikofunika kumangiriza kuti ntchito zazikuluzikulu za zisumbu za Langerhans zidzakhala kuti zisungitse kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi ndikuwongolera ziwalo zina za endocrine system.

Amakhala ndi vagus komanso mitsempha yachifundo, yomwe imaperekedwa mokwanira ndi magazi.

Chida cha zisumbu za Langerhans

Zilumba za pancreatic zili ndi mapangidwe ake ovuta kwambiri. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi maphunziro apadera komanso ntchito zomwe apatsidwa.

Kapangidwe kazigawo kamapereka kusinthana pakati pa tiziwalo timene timagwira ndi tinthu timene timagwira.

Maselo amoyo amakhala amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake, i.e. Amapangidwa mwaluso. Pachilumba chokhwima mumakhala anthu abwino.

Kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi ma lobules omwe amazungulira minofu yolumikizana. Pali ma capillaries am magazi mkati mwawo.

Maselo a Beta ali pakatikati pa islets, ndipo delta ndi alpha zili m'mbali mwake. Chifukwa kukula kwa zisumbu za Langerhans kumalumikizana molunjika ndi kapangidwe kake.

Pakulimbana kwa maselo a ziwalo, makina amachitidwe amakula. Zimakhudzanso nyumba zapafupi komanso.

Chifukwa cha kupanga insulin, ntchito ya maselo a beta ayamba kugwira ntchito. Zimalepheretsa ma cell a alpha, omwe amachititsa kuti glucagon ayambe kugwira ntchito.

Koma alpha imakhudzanso maselo a delta, omwe mahomoni somatostatin amaletsa. Monga mukuwonera, timadzi tonse timene timalumikizana.

Ngati pali vuto m'thupi lanu, ndiye kuti matupi apadera amatha kuwoneka m'thupi lomwe limasokoneza kugwira ntchito kwa maselo a beta.

Chiwonongeko chikawonedwa, munthu amakula ndi matenda otchedwa shuga mellitus.

Langerhans islet cell matenda

Makina azisumbu a Langerhans mu gland amatha kuwonongeka.

Izi zimachitika munthawi yotsatila njira: autoimmune zimachitika, oncology, kapamba necrosis, pachimake mawonekedwe a exotooticosis, endotooticosis, matenda matenda.

Okalamba amathanso kutenga matendawa. Matenda amapezeka pamaso pa kuwonongedwa kwakukulu.

Izi zimachitika pamene maselowo atengeka ndi zotupa zonga zotupa. Ma neoplasms omwewo amapanga mahomoni, chifukwa chake amakhala limodzi ndi zizindikiro zakulephera kwa chithokomiro cha pancreatic.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya ma pathologies omwe amagwirizana ndi kuwonongeka kwa gland. Chofunikira kwambiri ndichoti kutayika kwake kupitirira 80 peresenti yazigawo za zisumbu za Langerhans.

Ndi chiwonongeko cha kapamba, kupanga kwa insulini kumayipa, chifukwa chake timadzi tambiri sikokwanira kutsimikizira shuga omwe amalandila m'thupi.

Poona kulephera uku, chitukuko cha matenda ashuga chimawonedwa. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi shuga mellitus wa digiri yoyamba ndi yachiwiri ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa ma pathologies awiri osiyana.

Kachiwiri, kuwonjezeka kwa shuga kudzakhudzana ndikuwona kuti maselo sangatengeke ndi insulin. Zakuchita momwe zigawo za Langerhans zimagwirira ntchito momwemo.

Kuwonongeka kwa zida zomwe zimapanga mahomoni kumayambitsa kukula kwa matenda a shuga. Chochitika chofananacho chimadziwika ndi zizindikiro zingapo zakulephera.

Izi zimaphatikizira mawonekedwe a kamwa yowuma, ludzu losalekeza. Pankhaniyi, pamakhala mseru kapena kuwonjezeka kwamanjenje.

Munthu amatha kusowa tulo komanso kuchepa kwambiri thupi, ngakhale kuti amadya kwambiri.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga mthupi kumakwera, ndizotheka kuti fungo losasangalatsa la acetone lidzawonekere mkamwa. Mwinanso kuphwanya kwa chikumbumtima komanso vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi.

Kuchokera pazidziwitso zomwe tafotokozazi, ndikofunikira kumangiriza kuti ma cell a pancreatic amatha kupanga mahomoni angapo ofunikira m'thupi.

Popanda iwo, kugwira ntchito kwathunthu kwamthupi kudzasokonekera. Chitani mahomoni amtunduwu kagayidwe kazakudya ndi njira zingapo za anabolic.

Kuwonongeka kwa zigawo kumayambitsa kukulitsa zovuta zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kufunikira kwa chithandizo cha mahomoni mtsogolo.

Kuti mupewe kufunikira kwa zochitika zoterezi, ndikulimbikitsidwa kutsatira malingaliro apadera a akatswiri.

Kwenikweni, amabwera kuti simuyenera kumwa mowa waukulu, ndikofunikira kuchiza matenda opatsirana komanso kulephera kwa autoimmune m'thupi munthawi yake, kukaonana ndi dokotala pazoyambitsa matenda oyambitsidwa ndi chotupa cham'mimba, komanso ziwalo zina zophatikizidwa m'mimba.

Kupita kuzilumba za Langerhans

Maselo ambiri a kapamba (kapamba) amapanga ma enzymes am'mimba. Ntchito yamagulu azilumba ndizosiyana - amapanga mahomoni, chifukwa chake amatchulidwa ku endocrine system.

Chifukwa chake, kapamba ndi gawo limodzi mwa machitidwe awiri apamwamba a thupi - m'mimba ndi endocrine. Zilumbazi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatulutsa mitundu isanu ya mahomoni.

Magulu ambiri a kapamba amapezeka mkati mwa kapamba, ngakhale kuti amachita chisokonezo.

OL ndi omwe amachititsa kuti kagayidwe kazachilengedwe kamathandizidwe ndikuthandizira ntchito ya ziwalo zina za endocrine.

Mapangidwe azambiriyakale

Chilumba chilichonse chimagwira ntchito yake palokha. Pamodzi amapanga chisumbu chovuta kupanga chomwe chimapangidwa ndi maselo amtundu uliwonse ndikupanga zazikulu. Makulidwe awo amasiyanasiyana kwambiri - kuchokera ku cell imodzi ya endocrine kupita pachilumba chokhwima, chachikulu (> 100 μm).

M'magulu a ma pancreatic, gulu la maselo, mitundu yawo 5, imamangidwa, onse amakwaniritsa ntchito yawo. Chilumba chilichonse chimazunguliridwa ndi minofu yolumikizidwa, imakhala ndi lobules komwe kuli capillaries.

Magulu a maselo a beta ali pakatikati, m'mphepete mwa mawonekedwe ndi maselo a alpha ndi a delta. Kukula kwakukulu kwa chisumbucho, ndimaselo ochulukirapo omwe amakhala nawo.

Zilumbazo zilibe ma ducts, mahomoni omwe amapangidwa amatuluka kudzera mu capillary system.

Mitundu ya ma cell

Magulu osiyanasiyana a maselo amatulutsa mtundu wawo wa mahomoni, kuwongolera chimbudzi, lipid ndi carbohydrate metabolism.

Ma cell a Alfa. Gulu la OL ili m'mphepete mwa zisumbu; voliyumu yawo ndi 15-20% ya kukula kwathunthu. Amapanga glucagon, mahomoni omwe amayang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Maselo a Beta. Zopezeka pakatikati pa zilumba ndikupanga kuchuluka kwawo, 60-80%. Amapanga insulin, pafupifupi 2 mg patsiku.
Maselo a Delta. Iwo ali ndi udindo wopanga somatostatin, kuyambira 3 mpaka 10% ya iwo.
Maselo a Epsilon. Kuchuluka kwa misa sikuposa 1%. Zogulitsa zawo ndi ghrelin.
Maselo a PP. Ma polypeptide a mahomoni amapangidwa ndi gawo ili la OL. Kufikira 5% ya zilumbazi.

Ntchito ya mahormoni

Udindo wamafuta wa kapamba ndi wamkulu.

Zomwe zimapangidwa zopangidwa kuzilumba zazing'ono zimaperekedwa kwa ziwalo ndi magazi ndi kuyendetsa kagayidwe kazakudya:

Cholinga chachikulu cha insulin ndikuchepetsa shuga.Zimawonjezera kuyamwa kwa glucose ndi ma membrane a maselo, imathandizira kuthana ndi okosijeni ake ndikuthandizira kusunga glycogen. Kuphatikizika kwa mahomoni synthesis kumabweretsa kukula kwa matenda a shuga 1. Pankhaniyi, kuyezetsa magazi kumawonetsa kukhalapo kwa ma antibodies kuma cell a veta. Type 2 shuga mellitus amakula ngati minyewa yamtundu wa insulin itachepa.
Glucagon imagwira ntchito yotsutsana - imawonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga, imayang'anira kupanga shuga mu chiwindi, ndikuthandizira kuwonongeka kwa lipids. Ma mahomoni awiri, othandizira zochita za wina ndi mnzake, amagwirizanitsa zomwe zili ndi shuga - chinthu chomwe chimatsimikizira kuti ntchito ya thupi ndi yofunika kwambiri pama cellular.
Somatostatin amachedwetsa mayendedwe a mahomoni ambiri. Poterepa, pali kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe a shuga kuchokera ku chakudya, kuchepa kwa kapangidwe ka michere ya m'mimba, ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa glucagon.
Pancreatic polypeptide amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma enzymes, amachepetsa kutulutsa kwa bile ndi bilirubin. Amakhulupirira kuti imaletsa kuyenda kwa michere yamagaya, kuwapulumutsa mpaka chakudya chotsatira.
Ghrelin amatengedwa kuti ndi timadzi tokhala ndi njala kapena satiety. Kupanga kwake kumapereka thupi chizindikiro cha njala.

Kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe amapangidwa kumadalira glucose yemwe adalandira kuchokera ku chakudya komanso kuchuluka kwake kwa oxidation. Ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwake, kupanga insulini kumachulukanso. Maphatikizidwe amayamba pa ndende ya 5.5 mmol / L m'madzi a m'magazi.

Zakudya zokha zomwe sizingapangitse insulini. Mwa munthu wathanzi, kuphatikiza kwakukulu kumadziwika munthawi ya kupsinjika kwamphamvu kwakuthupi komanso kupsinjika.

Gawo lakumapeto kwa kapamba limapanga mahomoni omwe amakhala ndi mphamvu m'thupi lonse. Kusintha kwathanzi mu OL kungasokoneze kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zonse.

Kanema wokhudza ntchito ya insulin mthupi la munthu:

Chingakhale chiyani chidutswa cha Langerhans?

Pakadali pano, mtunduwu waphunziridwa kale bwino. Tsopano ndikudziwika bwino kuti mapangidwe awa ali ndi mitundu. Otsatirawa adadziwika pano:

Tili othokoza chifukwa chosiyanasiyana kuti ma cell a zilumba za Langerhans amakwaniritsa ntchito zonse zomwe apatsidwa.

Kuwonongeka kwa gawo la endocrine la kapamba ndi chithandizo chake

Zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa OL zimatha kukhala zovuta zam'tsogolo, matenda ndi poyizoni, matenda otupa, mavuto a chitetezo chamthupi.

Zotsatira zake, pamakhala kuchepa kapena kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kupanga kwa ma cell kwa ma cell osiyana siyana.

Zotsatira zake, izi zitha kukhala:

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga. Amadziwika ndi kusapezeka kapena kuchepa kwa insulin.
Type 2 shuga. Zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kusatha kwa thupi kugwiritsa ntchito mahomoni opangidwa.
Matenda a gestational amakula nthawi yapakati.
Mitundu ina ya matenda ashuga mellitus (MODY).
Zotupa za Neuroendocrine.

Mfundo zofunika kwambiri pochiza matenda a shuga 1 ndikuyambitsa kwa insulin mthupi, kapangidwe kamatupa kapena kuchepetsedwa. Mitundu iwiri ya insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito - yachangu komanso yachangu. Mtundu wotsiriza umatsanzira kupanga mahomoni a pancreatic.

Matenda a 2 a matenda a shuga amafunika kudya kwambiri, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kuwonjezera mankhwala.

Mavuto a matenda ashuga akuchulukirachulukira padziko lonse lapansi; amatchedwa kale mliri wa zana la 21 lino. Chifukwa chake, malo azofufuzira zamankhwala akuyang'ana njira zothanirana ndi matenda azilumba za Langerhans.

Njira mu kapamba zimayamba mwachangu ndipo zimatsogolera ku kufa kwa timinchu, timene timayambitsa mahomoni.

Posachedwa, zadziwika:

maselo a stem omwe adalowetsedwa ku minofu ya pancreatic amamera bwino ndipo amatha kupanga mahomoni mtsogolomo, pomwe ayamba kugwira ntchito ngati maselo a beta,
OL imapanga mahomoni ochulukirapo ngati gawo lina la tinthu timene timayambitsa katemera limachotsedwa.

Izi zimathandizira odwala kusiya kudya kosalekeza kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kudya mosamalitsa ndikubwerera m'moyo wabwino. Vutoli limatsalira ndi chitetezo chamthupi, chomwe chimatha kukana maselo okhala.

Kuchita bwino kunachitika, pambuyo pake insulini sikunafunikenso kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1. Chiwalochi chinabwezeretsanso kuchuluka kwa maselo a beta, kapangidwe kake ka insulin kenanso. Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, mankhwala a immunosuppressive adachitidwa kuti aletse kukanidwa.

Kanema pa ntchito ya shuga ndi matenda ashuga:

Mabungwe azachipatala akugwira ntchito kuti awone kuthekera kwa kufalikira kwa kapamba kuchokera nkhumba. Mankhwala oyamba ochizira matenda a shuga amangogwiritsa ntchito zigawo zikuluzikulu za nkhumba.

Asayansi akuvomereza kuti ndikofunikira kuphunzira mawonekedwe ndi kayendedwe ka zisumbu za Langerhans chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito zofunika zomwe mahomoni opanga mwa iwo amachita.

Kukhazikika kwa mahomoni opanga sikungathandize kuthana ndi matendawa ndipo kumawonjezera moyo wabwino wodwala. Kugonjetsedwa kwa gawo laling'onoli la kapamba kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwakukulu pakugwira ntchito kwa thupi lonse, chifukwa chake maphunziro akupitilira.

Ma cell a Alfa

Mitundu iyi imakhala pafupifupi 15-20% ya zisumbu zonse zomwe zilipo ku Langerhans. Ntchito yayikulu ya maselo a alpha ndikupanga glucagon. Hormoni iyi ili ndi chilengedwe cha lipid ndipo ndi mtundu wa okana insulin. Akamasulidwa, glucagon amapita ku chiwindi, komwe, polumikizana ndi ma receptors apadera, amawongolera kupanga kwa glucose kudzera mukuwonongeka kwa glycogen.

Zokhudza matenda a zisumbu za Langerhans

Kugonjetsedwa kwa zinthu zofunika izi kumakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa mthupi. Zikachitika kuti ma antibodies a is is a Langerhans akapangidwa, kuchuluka kwa otsiriza kumayamba kuchepa. Kugonjetsedwa kwa maselo opitilira 90% kumachepetsa kupanga insulini kukhala wotsika kwambiri. Zotsatira zake ndikukula kwa matenda owopsa monga matenda a shuga. Ma antibodies kuma cell a mabwinja a Langerhans nthawi zambiri amawoneka odwala ang'onoang'ono.

Pancreatitis, njira yotupa mu kapamba, imatha kuwononga kwambiri kuchuluka kwa maselo opanga mahomoni amenewa.

Momwe mungasungire maselo a islet?

Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusamalira kapamba konse. Choyamba, ndikofunikira kusiya zakumwa zoledzeretsa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ali pakati pa zakudya zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsutsa kwambiri kapamba. Pankhani ya zakumwa zoledzeretsa kwa nthawi yayitali, munthu amakula ndikuyenda pancreatitis, yomwe pakapita nthawi imatha kuwononga maselo a islet.

Kuphatikiza pa zakumwa zoledzeretsa, chakudya chochuluka chomwe chili ndi mafuta a nyama chimakhala ndi zotsutsana ndi kapamba. Mwakutero, zinthu zidzakukulani ngati wodwalayo sanadye chilichonse kwanthawi yayitali phwando lisanachitike.

Pochitika kuti pali njira yotupa yopatsirana kale m'matumbo a pancreatic, ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi katswiri - wothandizira kapena gastroenterologist. Madokotala a zamtunduwu amapereka malangizo othandizira omwe amachepetsa kwambiri kusintha kwa matenda. Mtsogolomo, chaka chilichonse tidzafunika kupimidwa ma pepalre a chiphuphu, omwe amachitika molumikizana ndi ziwalo zina. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kutenga amylase chifukwa chake.

Kuti mudziwe chiyambi cha kukhazikika kwa matenda a kapamba, kuwonjezera pa maphunziro a labotale komanso othandizira, chipatala chithandizanso. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matendawa ndizomwe zimachitika. Nthawi yomweyo, ululuwu umakhala ndi machitidwe otetemera ndipo amapezeka nthawi zambiri atatha kudya chakudya chochuluka chamafuta aminyama. Kuphatikiza apo, wodwalayo amatha kusokonezedwa ndikumverera kosatha atatha kudya. Zizindikiro zonsezi zimangomusiya kapena kuchepetsa kuchepa kwake pomwe amamwa mankhwala okhala ndi pancreatin. Pakati pawo, mankhwala omwe anali odziwika kwambiri anali a Creon, Mezim, ndi Pancreatin. Ngati njira yotupa ikupezeka m'matumbo a pancreatic, ndibwino kusiya kotheratu mowa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti, ngakhale pang'ono pokha kamatha kukulitsa zovuta za m'magazi, mwakutero zimapweteketsa thupilo.

Chithandizo cha mankhwala

Mpaka posachedwa, matenda a shuga adathandizidwa pokhapokha kubayidwa insulin mosalekeza.

Mpaka pano, kuphatikiza kwa timadzi timeneti kumatha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mapampu apadera a insulin ndi zida zina.

Izi ndizothandiza kwambiri, chifukwa wodwalayo safunika kuyang'anani pafupipafupi.

Kuphatikiza apo, njira zokhudzana ndi kufalitsa gland kapena malo opanga mahomoni kwa munthu zikukula mwachangu.

Kapangidwe ka kapamba (islets of Langerhans)

Chiwalo chomwe chili ndi mitundu yambiri ya alveolar-tubular chimakhala ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagwira ntchito zake zina mwatsatanetsatane. Ili mkati mwa m'mimba m'mimba, imamufika mpaka 80. minofu yolumikizana imagawa gland mu lobes ndi partitions.

Amakhala ndimitsempha yamagazi yamagazi ndi njira zotuluka. Mkati mwa nyumba zopumira mumakhala madipatimenti achinsinsi (kuphatikiza mpaka 97% ya maselo onse am'maselo) ndi magulu amtundu wa endocrine (islets of Langerhans). Gawo lofunika kwambiri lachiwonetsero nthawi zina limatulutsa madzi a pancreatic omwe amakhala ndi michere yogaya chakudya mu duodenum.

Masango a ma cell (kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 2 miliyoni) kukula kuchokera ku 0,1 mpaka 0,3 mm, ndi omwe amachititsa kuti ntchito zizigwirizana kwambiri. Iliyonse ya izo ili ndi ma 20c mpaka 40 ma PC. Selo lililonse limatulutsa timadzi tambiri totchedwa "insulin", glucagon, ndi ena otero. Izi zimaperekedwa ndi dongosolo lochulukirapo la capillaries ndi zombo zazing'ono zomwe zimalowa mu mgwirizano wawo.

Nthawi zambiri izi zimakhala zilumba zozungulira, pamakhala timizere tina tating'ono, tating'ono tonse timene timakhala. , yotulutsidwa ndi kapamba, kuwongolera kugaya chakudya ndikuwongolera kapangidwe ndi mulingo wa michere yolowera m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, kulumikizana mkati mwa chiwalo chimodzi, zigawo za cell ndi intocrine zimagwira ntchito yonse. Ma cell a endocrine a mitundu isanu amapezeka m'magulu akutali a chilumba, omwe amapanga mahomoni apadera.

Ubwino wa Njira Zopatsira

Njira yayikulu yosinthira minyewa ya tiziwayi ndikukula kwa zida zam'mapiri a Langerhans.

Poterepa, sizingafunikire kukhazikitsa chiwiya chongopanga. Kuika kudzathandiza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kubwezeretsa kapangidwe ka maselo a beta.

Opaleshoni yoponyera pancreatic idzachitidwa mwa gawo.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa zamankhwala, zidatsimikizika kuti odwala matenda a shuga m'magawo oyamba a matenda omwe adalowetsedwa pachisumbu ndikuwongolera adatha kubwezeretsanso zonse za kuchuluka kwa chakudya.

Pofuna kuletsa kukana kwa othandizira, zimakhala zofunikira kuchita mankhwala amphamvu a immunosuppressive.

Kuti mubwezeretse malowa lero gwiritsani ntchito maselo oyambira Lingaliro ili ndi chifukwa chakuti ndizosatheka kusonkha maselo opereka kwa odwala onse.

Chifukwa cha zochepa, izi zikugwiranso ntchito masiku ano.

Thupi liyenera kubwezeretsa chiwopsezo cha chitetezo cha m'thupi. Ngati ntchitoyi sikukwaniritsidwa, ndiye kuti madera omwe adasungidwamo sangathe kuzika mizu m'thupi.

Adzakanidwa, ndipo mwina akhoza kudutsa njira yowonongeka. Poganizira izi, madokotala akupanga njira zatsopano pochiritsira matenda a mtima.

Chimodzi mwazo chinali chithandizo chobwezeretsanso, kupereka njira zatsopano pankhani zamankhwala othandizira.

M'tsogolomu, njira yonyamula nkhumba yam'mimba kwa munthu imaganiziridwa. Njira yotereyi pagulu lazachipatala inkatchedwa xenotransplantation.

Izi sizofalitsa pomwe minyewa ya nkhumba imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a shuga.

Parenchyma akupanga nawo mankhwala anali nawo ngakhale madokotala atapeza insulin.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti nkhumba ndi zikondamoyo za anthu zimakhala ndizofanana. Chokhacho chomwe chimawasiyanitsa ndi amino acid imodzi.

Masiku ano, asayansi akupangabe njira zochiritsira matenda amisempha. Poona kuti matenda ashuga ndi chifukwa chophwanya kapangidwe ka zisumbu za Langerhans, kuphunzira zamatenda kumakhala ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu chamtsogolo.

Mwanjira yabwino kwambiri, njira zochepetsera matenda sizipezekanso mtsogolo monga momwe tafotokozazi.

Zolinga zopewera

Kuti musadwale matenda a shuga, muyenera kutsatira malangizo apadera kuchokera kwa akatswiri otsogolera.

Izi sizingothandiza kupewa izi, komanso mavuto ena ambiri azaumoyo.

Mutha kuganizira kukwera maulendo, kusambira padziwe, kupalasa njinga, magulu m'masewera a masewera ndi anthu amodzimodzi.

Inde, muyenera kusiya kumwa mopitirira muyeso, kuiwala za kusuta.

Ndipo zikachitika kuti matendawo akadapezekanso, mutha kukhala osangalala komanso bwino, ngakhale mutakumana ndi zovuta zokhumudwitsa. Simungataye mtima, kulola matenda kukuza pamwamba panu!

Kanema wothandiza

Zosiyanasiyana zamitundu

Zilumba za Langerhans zili ndi maselo angapo omwe amagwira ntchito zofunika kwambiri mthupi, monga kukhalabe ndi chakudya chamagulu mumagazi. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa chopanga mahomoni, kuphatikiza insulin ndi omutsutsa ake. Iliyonse ya zinthu izi ilinso ndi magawo ake:

alpha
maselo a beta
delta
maselo a pp
epsilon.

Ntchito yama cell a alpha ndi beta ndikupanga glucagon ndi insulin.

Ntchito yayikulu yogwira ntchito ndichinsinsi cha glucagon. Ndiwotsutsa insulin, motero imalamulira kuchuluka kwake m'magazi. Ntchito yayikulu ya mahormoni imakhala m'chiwindi, pomwe imayang'anira kupanga kuchuluka kwa glucose, ndikuchita mogwirizana ndi mtundu winawake wa receptor. Izi ndichifukwa chakusokonekera kwa glycogen.

Cholinga chachikulu cha maselo a beta ndikupanga insulin, yomwe imakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi kusungidwa kwa glycogen mu chiwindi ndi minofu yamafupa. Chifukwa chake, thupi laumunthu limadzipangira ndekha mphamvu ngati pakufunika kuti pakhale vuto lomanga lambiri la michere. Njira zopangira timadzi tinatake timeneti zimayamba pambuyo pudya, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.Maselo omwe amaonedwa kuti ndi zilumba za Langerhans amapanga zochuluka.

Delta ndi maselo a PP

Izi ndizosowa. Mapangidwe a cell a Delta amapanga 5-10% yokha yonse. Ntchito yawo ndikupanga somatostatin. Hormone iyi imapondera mwachindunji kupanga mahomoni okula, kukula kwa mahomoni am'mimba, kukula kwa mahomoni, mwakutero kukhudza pituitary ndi hypothalamus yakunja.

Mu chilumba chilichonse cha Langerhans, polypeptide pancreatic imasungidwa, njirayi imachitika m'maselo a pp. Ntchito yamtunduwu samveka bwino. Amakhulupirira kuti amalepheretsa kupanga juwisi wa pancreatic ndikupumulanso minofu yosalala ya ndulu. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi kukula kwa neoplasms yoyipa, kuchuluka kwa polypeptide kumawonjezeka kwambiri, komwe ndi chikhazikitso chakukula kwa njira za oncological mu kapamba.

Chifukwa chiyani ma antibodies amawoneka?

Kusatetezeka kwaumunthu kumatetezedwa ku mapuloteni akunja ndikupanga zida zomwe zimangoyatsidwa motsutsana ndi chinthu china. Njira yothana ndi kuukirayi ndikupanga ma antibodies. Koma nthawi zina pamakhala vuto lotere kenako maselo ake omwe, ndipo ngati ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndi omwe amalimbana ndi ma antibodies. Zotsatira zake, thupi limadziwononga lokha.

Kuopsa kwa ma antibodies kuma islets a Langerhans?

Anti anti anti chida chokhacho kuphatikiza mapuloteni ena, pamenepa mabwalo a Langerhans. Izi zimabweretsa kufa kwathunthu kwa ma cell a beta ndikuti thupi litha kugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo chathu mthupi pakuwonongeka kwawo, ndikunyalanyaza kulimbana ndi matenda owopsa. Zitatha izi, insulini imasiya kupangika m'thupi ndipo popanda kuyambitsa kuchokera kunja, munthu sangathe kuyamwa glucose. Kudya bwino, atha kufa ndi njala.

Ndani amafunika kusanthula?

Kafukufuku wonena za anthu omwe ali ndi matenda onga matenda a shuga 1 amachitidwa kwa anthu onenepa kwambiri, komanso kwa iwo omwe ali ndi kholo limodzi kale ali ndi matendawa. Zinthu izi zimawonjezera mwayi wa pathological process. Ndikofunika kuyesa kuyesedwa kwa anthu omwe akudwala matenda ena kapamba, komanso omwe avulala chiwalo ichi. Matenda ena a ma virus amayambitsa zochitika za autoimmune.

Kodi mabulogu ndi ati?

Malo opangira ma pancreatic sindiwo kudziunjikira kwamapangidwe amomwewo, amaphatikizanso maselo omwe amasiyana mu magwiridwe antchito ndi morphology. Mphepete mwa endocrine imakhala ndi maselo a beta, mphamvu zawo zonse zimakhala pafupifupi 80%, zimasokoneza ma insulin ndi insulin.

Maselo a pancreatic alpha amatulutsa glucagon. Katunduyu amagwira ntchito ngati wotsutsana ndi insulin, amathandizira kukula kwa shuga m'magazi a magazi. Amakhala pafupifupi 20% poyerekeza ndi unyinji wonse.

Glucagon imakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito ambiri. Zimakhudza kapangidwe ka shuga m'chiwindi, kumapangitsa kutsekeka kwa minofu ya adipose, kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi.

Komanso, chinthuchi chimalimbikitsa kukonzanso kwa maselo a chiwindi, chimathandizira insulin kuti ichoke m'thupi, komanso imathandizira kufalikira kwa impso. Insulin ndi glucagon zimakhala ndi ntchito zosiyana, komanso zosiyana. Zinthu zina monga adrenaline, mahomoni okula, cortisol amathandizira kuwongolera izi.

Maselo a Pancreatic Langerhans amapangidwa ndi magulu awa:

Kudzikundikira kwa "delta" kumapereka kubisala kwa somatostatin, komwe kungalepheretse kupanga zina. Mwa kuchuluka kwathunthu kwamafuta am'madzi awa pafupifupi 3-10%,
Maselo a PP amatha kubisa pancreatic peptide, yomwe imathandizira katulutsidwe ka m'mimba komanso imachepetsa kwambiri zochita zamagulu am'mimba,
Gulu la Epsilon limapanga chinthu chapadera chomwe chimayambitsa njala.

Langerhans Islands ndi mtundu wovuta komanso wopangidwira kwambiri womwe umakhala ndi kukula, mawonekedwe, komanso kapangidwe kogawa zigawo za endocrine.

Ndondomeko yam'manja yomwe imakhudza kulumikizana kwa ma cell ndi ma paracrine, omwe amathandiza kuti insulini imasulidwe.

Kapangidwe ka magwiridwe antchito a pancreatic islets

Zikondazo ndi chiwalo chophweka molingana ndi kapangidwe kake, koma magwiridwe akewo ndi ochulukirapo. Chiwalo chamkati chimapanga insulin ya mahomoni, yomwe imayang'anira shuga m'magazi. Ngati kuperewera kwa wachibale kapena matenda athunthu kumawonedwa, ndiye kuti matenda am'thupi apezeka - lembani matenda a shuga 1.

Popeza kapamba ndi gawo la chimbudzi, chimatenga gawo mwachangu pakupanga michere ya pancreatic yomwe imathandizira kutsika kwa chakudya, mafuta ndi mapuloteni kuchokera ku chakudya. Potsutsana ndi ntchitoyi, kapamba amadziwika.

Kugwira kwakukulu kwa ma isanc a pancreatic ndikusunga kuchuluka kwa mafuta azakudya ndikuwongolera ziwalo zina zamkati. Kudzikundikira kwamaselo kumaperekedwa mokwanira ndi magazi, amadziwika ndi mitsempha yachifundo komanso ya vagus.

Kapangidwe ka zisumbu ndizovuta kwambiri. Titha kunena kuti kuchulukana konse kwa maselo ndi mapangidwe athunthu ndi ake omwe amagwira ntchito. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kameneka, kusinthana pakati pazigawo za parenchyma ndi gland zina kumatsimikizika.

Maselo a mabwalidwewa amakhala ndimapangidwe amitundu, ndiye kuti, mosakhalitsa. Pachithunzi chokhwima chimadziwika ndi gulu loyenera. Amakhala ndi lobules, amazunguliridwa ndi minofu yolumikizana, mitsempha yaying'ono kwambiri yam'mimba yomwe imadutsa mkati. Maselo a Beta ali pakatikati pa lobules; ena amakhala pamunsi. Kukula kwa zilumbazi kumatengera kukula kwa masango omaliza.

Zigawo za zisumbu zikayamba kulumikizana, izi zimawonekera m'maselo ena omwe amapezeka pafupi nawo. Izi zitha kufotokozedwa ndi mfundo zotsatirazi:

Insulin imalimbikitsa chinsinsi cha maselo a beta, koma nthawi yomweyo imalepheretsa magwiridwe antchito a alpha.
Nawonso maselo a alpha "gluconagon" m'mawu, ndipo imagwira ntchito m'maselo a delta.
Somatostatin imalepheretsa magwiridwe antchito a maselo onse a beta ndi alpha.

Ngati chibadwa cha tchenicho chikuoneka kuti mwabadwa ndi vuto lomwe lalumikizidwa ndi matenda okhudzana ndi chitetezo cha mthupi, ndiye kuti ma cell a beta amatsutsidwa chifukwa chodziteteza.

Amayamba kugwa, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda oopsa komanso oopsa - matenda ashuga.

Kupatsidwa ma cell

Ndi matenda osachiritsika komanso osachiritsika. Endocrinology sinabwere ndi njira yochiritsira munthu kwamuyaya. Kupyola muzochita zamankhwala komanso moyo wathanzi, mutha kupeza chiphuphu chokhazikika cha matendawa, koma osatinso.

Maselo a Beta alibe luso lokonza. Komabe, mdziko lamakono, pali njira zina zowathandizira "kubwezeretsa" - m'malo. Pamodzi ndi kufalikira kwa kapamba kapenanso kukhazikitsa chiwalo cha mkati, ma cell a pancreatic amawayika.

Uwu ndi mwayi wokhawo wa odwala matenda ashuga kubwezeretsa mawonekedwe a zilumba zowonongeka. Kuyesa kambiri pa zasayansi kwachitika panthawi yomwe ma cell a beta kuchokera kwa omwe adapereka adasinthidwa kuti alembe matenda ashuga.

Zotsatira za kafukufuku zawonetsa kuti kulowererapo kwa maopaleshoni kumathandizira kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta mthupi la munthu. Mwanjira ina, pali yankho lavuto, lomwe ndi kuphatikiza kwakukulu. Komabe, moyo wonse immunosuppressive chithandizo ndi chopanda tanthauzo - kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amaletsa kukana kwa owerenga zachilengedwe.

Monga njira ina yopezera wopereka, maselo a stem amaloledwa. Izi ndi zoyenera, popeza ma pancreatic mabungwe opereka ali ndi malo ena osungira.

Mankhwala obwezeretsa amakula ndi masitepe othamanga, koma muyenera kuphunzira momwe mungasungitsire maselo, komanso kupewa kuti awonongeke, zomwe zimachitika mwanjira iliyonse m'thupi la odwala matenda ashuga.

Pali lingaliro lenileni pakuphatikizira mankhwala kwa kapamba kuchokera kwa nkhumba. Asanapange insulini, zowonjezera zochokera ku zofunikira za nyama zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Monga mukudziwa, kusiyana pakati pa insulin ya anthu ndi porcine mu amino acid imodzi.

Kafukufuku wamapangidwe ndi magwiridwe azilumba za pancreatic amadziwika ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu, chifukwa nthenda "yokoma" imayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe kake.

Kansa ikufotokozedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.

Chilumba chilichonse cha Langerhans chimagwira gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zonse. Udindo wake waukulu ndikuwongolera zomwe zimapezeka m'magazi.