Kodi insulin imachita chiyani ndipo imakhala yotani?

Mu thupi la munthu, chilichonse chimaganiziridwa pazinthu zazing'ono kwambiri. Chiwalo chilichonse kapena dongosolo lililonse limayang'anira zochitika zina. Popeza mwasokoneza ntchito ya m'modzi wa iwo, mutha kunena kuti thanzi labwino. Zachidziwikire, ambiri aife tamva za mahomoni, ngati zinthu zina zomwe zimapangidwa ndi tiziwalo timene timatulutsa. Amasiyana mu kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala, koma amakhalanso ndi katundu wofanana - kukhala ndi udindo pa kagayidwe kamunthu m'thupi la munthu, chifukwa chake ntchito yake yabwino.

Insulin (mahomoni) - imagwira ntchito m'thupi la munthu

Ganizirani nokha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti insulini ya mahomoni iwoneke ndikuwonetsetsa kuti maselo onse amthupi apezeka mokwanira. Iye ali ndi udindo kukhazikitsa chakudya chamagulu m'thupi la munthu. Koma vuto la kapamba, michere yama protein ndi mafuta zimakhudzidwa munthawi yomweyo. Kumbukirani kuti insulini ndi mapuloteni okhala ndi mapuloteni, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imatha kulowa m'mimba mwa munthu kuchokera kunja, koma idzagonjetsedwa mwachangu komanso osamwetsa konse. Zochita za insulin ya mahomoni zimakhudza ma enzymes ambiri. Koma ntchito yake yayikulu, malinga ndi asayansi ndi madotolo, ndikuchepetsa kwa shuga m'magazi. Nthawi zambiri, madokotala amapereka chithandizo mwapadera chomwe chidzaonetsetse kuti insulini ya m'madzi imakwezedwa kapena ayi. Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kudziwa ngati odwala akudwala matendawa kapena ali ndi matenda ena. Zachidziwikire, mutha kukhala ndi vuto lofufuza, chinthu chachikulu ndikuchizindikira pakapita nthawi ndikuyambitsa kukhazikitsa mankhwala akukonzanso.

Miyezo ya Insulin Yachipatala

Chizindikiro chilichonse chimakhala ndi mulingo wazikhalidwe zomwe zimatha kuweruza momwe wodwalayo alili. Ngati timati insulin ndi mahomoni a kapamba, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti chakudya chilichonse chikatha kuchuluka. Chifukwa chake, pali mfundo zina zoyeserera. Ndikofunikira kuti musadye maola 1.5 pamaso pawo kapena kubwera kudzachititsa maphunziro pamimba yopanda kanthu.

- insulin ya m'madzi imatsitsidwa - kapamba sagwira ntchito yake ndipo amapanga kuchuluka kokwanira - matenda a shuga 1,

- insulin ya mahomoni imachulukitsidwa - zosiyana ndi zomwe zimachitika pakakhala zinthu zambiri zogwirizana mthupi, koma sizimva komanso zimatulutsa shuga yachiwiri.

Kodi insulini imakhudza kukula kwaumunthu?

Pakadali pano, mwina ndizosavuta kupeza mankhwala osiyanasiyana kuti muwonjezere minofu ndi mafupa. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika ndi osewera omwe amafunikira kulemera kwakanthawi ndikupangitsa matupi awo kukhala otchuka. Ndikufuna kuti ndidziwe nthawi yomweyo kuti insulin ndi mahomoni amakulidwe amagwirizana kwambiri. Zomwe zimachitika izi ndizovuta kudziwa, koma ndizotheka. Kukula kwa mahomoni ndi mankhwala ena a peptide. Ndiye amene amatha kuyambitsa kukula kwa minofu ndi minofu. Zotsatira zake ndizotsatirazi: zimathandizira kukula kwa minofu m'njira zamphamvu, pomwe amawotcha mafuta ambiri. Zachidziwikire, izi sizingasinthe kagayidwe kazakudya m'thupi. Makinawa ndi osavuta: mahomoni okula amakula mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Nthawi yomweyo, kapamba, yemwe amagwira ntchito pafupipafupi, amayamba kugwira ntchito kwambiri, ndikupanga insulini yambiri. Koma ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa mu Mlingo wosalamulira, chiwalo cham'mwambacho sichingagwire katundu, motero, glucose m'magazi amakwera, ndipo izi zimadziwika chifukwa cha matenda omwe amatchedwa shuga. Kumbukirani njira imodzi yosavuta:

- shuga wochepa wamagazi - mahomoni okula amalowa mthupi mambiri,

- shuga wambiri - insulin imapangidwa pamiyeso yambiri.

Kukula kwa mahomoni - maphunzirowa komanso mlingo wake uyenera kutumizidwa kwa osewera okha ndi ophunzitsa kapena akatswiri odziwa ntchito. Chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa mopitilira muyeso kumatha kubweretsa zotsatirapo zoyipa za thanzi labwino. Anthu ambiri amakhala ndi chikhulupiriro chakuti mukadzidziwitsira nokha kukula, muyenera kuthandiza ntchito ya kapamba anu pogwiritsa ntchito insulin yoyenera.

Mkazi ndi bambo - kodi insulin yawo imakhala yofanana?

Mwachilengedwe, mayeso ambiri amadalira mwachindunji jenda ndi zaka za wodwalayo.

- 7.7 mmol / L ndipo m'munsimu ndi mtengo wabwinoko,

- 7.8-11.1 mmol / l - pali zophwanya kale m'dongosolo,

- pamwambapa 11.1 mmol / l - adokotala amatha kuyankhula za matenda ashuga.

Kuchokera pazotsatira zomwe zili pamwambazi zikuwonekeratu kuti mwa amayi komanso mwa abambo miyambo ya insulin ndi yofanana, ndiye kuti, jenda lilibe chilichonse pa izi. Koma azimayi oyembekezera azikumbukira kuti m'malo osangalatsa awo pali zopatuka zochokera kuzikhalidwe zomwe zilipo. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa chakuti kapamba samatulutsa insulin yokwanira, ndipo shuga ya magazi imakwera. Nthawi zambiri zonse zimayendetsedwa ndi zakudya zapadera, koma nthawi zina madokotala pankhaniyi amalankhula za matenda ashuga mwa amayi apakati. Ana akadali gulu lolekanitsidwa, popeza ali aang'ono kwambiri, chifukwa cha kupanikizika kwa dongosolo lamanjenje komanso kugwira ntchito mosakwanira kwa ziwalo zonse, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kutsitsidwa. Koma ngakhale ndikukula kwake (5.5-6.1 mmol / l), ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa mwatsatanetsatane, chifukwa izi zitha kukhala chifukwa chophwanya malamulo oyendetsera kusanthula komwe.

Kodi glucagon ndi chiyani?

Chifukwa chake, kuchokera pamwambapa zimatsimikizira kuti insulini ndi mahomoni omwe amapangidwa ndi kapamba. Koma, kuwonjezera pa izi, thupi limagwira ntchito popanga zinthu zina, monga glucagon ndi C-peptide. Timakondwera kwambiri ndi ntchito za woyamba wa iwo. Kupatula apo, kwenikweni, ndizotsutsana mwachindunji ndi ntchito ya insulin. Chifukwa chake, zikuwonekeratu kuti glucagon yamafuta imakweza shuga m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, zinthu izi zimasunga chizindikiritso cha glucose mu gawo losalowerera ndale. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mahomoni a insulin ndi glucagon ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zambiri za thupi. Kuphatikiza pa iwo, pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha minofu ndi makina omwe amathana ndi zomwezo. Ndipo pamasamba abwino a shuga, mahomoni awa sakhala okwanira nthawi zonse.

Matenda a shuga

Awa ndi matenda oyipa omwe asandulika ngati nthenda ya zana la 20 lino. Osati kokha chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa odwala, komanso chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake komanso kuchepa kwa msinkhu wa odwala. Tsopano, matenda a shuga amatha kuchitika mwa munthu wachikulire, yemwe, makamaka, amakhala ndi vuto ili chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zake zonse, komanso mwa ana aang'ono. Asayansi padziko lonse lapansi akuyesetsa kupeza yankho la funso lovuta ili. Kupatula apo, zimapezeka kuti mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kukhalabe ndi insulin nthawi yonse ya moyo wake wotsatira. Sikovuta kuzindikira matendawa, dokotala wodziwa bwino ayenera kuyambitsa maphunziro osavuta. Choyamba, magazi amaperekedwa kuti apange shuga ndipo amatsimikiza kuti amawakweza. Zotsatira zabwino, akuchita kale izi: Amayesa mayeso a glucose ndikuwunika koyenera. Matenda a shuga akatsimikizika, dokotala amayenera kumvetsetsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe mukuphunzira sikokwanira mthupi lanu. Kuti izi zitheke, ndikoyenera kutenga mayeso a insulin. Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti shuga ndi mitundu iwiri yokha:

- Choyamba: insulini imachepetsedwa, momwemonso, shuga wa magazi amawonjezeka. Zotsatira zake, kukodza kumawonjezeka ndipo shuga amapezeka mkodzo,

- 2: pali kuchuluka kwa insulini. Chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika? Palinso shuga m'magazi, insulini imapangidwa, koma thupi limachepetsa mphamvu yake, ndiye kuti zikuwoneka kuti silikuwona. Pankhaniyi, ndizomveka kupereka maphunziro apadera, monga kuyezetsa magazi kwa insulin.

Popeza insulin ndi mahomoni apachirengedwe, zingakhale zomveka kuganiza kuti pankhani ya matenda ashuga, adotolo adzalemba mankhwala othandizirana m'thupi. Koma insulin yomwe imachokera kunja kwa thupi ifunikiranso. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kugula mankhwala ofunikira. Mwa njira, pomwe matendawa apangidwa ndipo mudzafunika kuyeza muyeso wa glucose m'magazi anu tsiku ndi tsiku kunyumba, zidzakhale zofunikira kugula chida chodziwika ndi aliyense - glucometer. Zimakuthandizani kuti mupeze mosavuta kufunika kofunikira mumasekondi angapo popanda zovuta zambiri. Mothandizidwa ndi singano zotayira, mumapanga chala chaching'ono chala chanu ndikutola magazi ndi Mzere wozungulira. Ikani mu mita, ndipo zotsatira zake zakonzeka. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zodalirika.

Ndi mankhwala ati omwe ali ndi insulin?

Pomwepo ndikuyenera kunena kuti mphindi zonse zomwe zili ndi insulin ziyenera kutumizidwa ndi dokotala wanu, sayenera kukhala ndi mankhwala omwe mumalandira, zotsatira zake ndizowopsa. Munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amangofunika ma insulin (mahomoni) ochokera kunja.

Kodi mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kupezeka?

Tikudziwa kuti mawonekedwe a insulin, insulin ndi mahomoni. Zomwe sizingachitike ndi ichi ndikusankha kapena kuletsa kuyambitsa kwake kokha.

- muyenera kubwezeretsanso madzi omwe asungidwa m'magazi, ndiko kuti, kudya china chake: chidutswa cha shuga, cookie yotsekemera kapena kagawo ka mkate wamba - izi zimachitika chizindikiro choyamba chikawonekera.

- pomwe vutolo likuvuta kwambiri ndikuwopseza mosalephera, njira yothamangira shuga (40%) iyenera kuperekedwa mwachangu.

Onetsetsani kuti mukuyang'anira momwe thupi lanu limayendera potsatira jakisoni wa insulin. Kupatula apo, aliyense wa ife ndi munthu payekha. Ena atha kugwidwa kwambiri, osangowoneka malo a jekeseni ngati malo ofiira, komanso thupi lonse (urticaria kapena dermatitis). Musamale, kulumikizana ndi dokotala wanu, atha kungochotsa mankhwala anu ndi suinsulin. Palibe chifukwa chomwe mungachitire izi nokha, ndiye kuti kusowa kwadzidzidzi kwa insulin kungayambitse kusweka mtima ndi kufa.

Insulin ndiye timadzi timene timayang'anira thanzi lanu. Kumbukirani kuti matenda ashuga amatha kupezeka mwa munthu aliyense. Nthawi zina izi zimakhudzana mwachindunji ndi nkhanza za zakudya zotsekemera ndi ufa. Anthu ena satha kudziletsa pa zinthu ngati izi ndipo amadya chakudya chambiri tsiku lililonse. Chifukwa chake, matupi awo amakhala ndi nkhawa zambiri, kuyesera kudzipangira pawokha insulin. Ndipo, pamene watopa kwathunthu, matendawa amalowa.

Chifukwa chiyani anthu amafunikira insulini?

Insulin imakhudzidwa mwachindunji mu kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi la munthu:

Shuga, yemwe munthu amalandila kuchokera ku chakudya, chifukwa cha insulin, amatha kulowa m'maselo a minofu ya thupi. Ndi insulin yomwe imapangitsa kuti nembanemba yawo ikhale yovomerezeka.

Insulin imathandizira kupanga glycogen kuchokera ku glucose, yomwe imachitika m'maselo a minofu ndi m'maselo a chiwindi.

Mapuloteni amatha kudziunjikira, kuphatikiza komanso osagwera mthupi chifukwa cha insulin. Hormayo imathandizira maselo amafuta kugwira glucose ndikuisintha kukhala minofu ya adipose. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuti kudya kwambiri zakudya zamafuta kumabweretsa mafuta m'thupi.

Insulin ili ndi anabolic zotsatira (zimawonjezera ntchito za ma enzymes omwe amathandizira kuti shuga awonongeke), komanso anti-catabolic zotsatira (zimalepheretsa ma enzyme ena kuti asungunuke glycogen ndi mafuta).

Thupi limafunikira insulini, limatenga nawo mbali machitidwe onse omwe amapezeka. Komabe, ntchito yayikulu ya timadzi iyi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kagayidwe kazachilengedwe kameneka. Insulin ndiye mahomoni okhawo omwe amatha kutsitsa shuga. Ma hormone ena onse amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Tikulankhula za adrenaline, glucagon, mahomoni okula.

Zikondamoyo zimayamba kupanga insulini pambuyo poti kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'magazi kukwera. Izi zimachitika chakudya chomwe munthu amadya chikalowa m'mimba. Kuphatikiza apo, malonda azakudya akhoza kukhala ndi chakudya chamafuta pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, chakudya chilichonse cholowa m'mimba chimathandizira kukulitsa insulin m'magazi. Ngati munthu ali ndi njala, kuchuluka kwa timadzi timeneti kumayamba kutsika.

Ma mahomoni ena, komanso calcium ndi potaziyamu (ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe ali), mafuta acids (ngati amapezeka m'magazi ambiri) amakhudzanso njira yopanga insulin. Somatotropin (kukula mahomoni), m'malo mwake, amathandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi. Somatostatin ali ndi zotsatira zofananira, koma pang'ono.

Mlingo wa insulin mwachindunji umadalira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, motero maphunziro omwe amafunikira kutsimikiza kwawo nthawi zambiri amachitika limodzi. Kuti akwaniritse, ndikofunikira kupereka magazi mu labotale.

Kanema: Insulin: chifukwa ninji imafunikira ndipo imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka ndi kuchepa kwa insulin m'magazi

Ma pathologies otsatirawa angayambitse kuchuluka kwa insulin yamagazi:

Insulinomas ndi mawonekedwe a zotupa za zilumba za Langerhans. Amapanga insulin yambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumatsitsidwa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kuti apeze chotupa, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira inayake kuti awerenge kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi shuga. Potere, mulingo wa insulin m'magazi umagawika ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi omwe amamwa pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Chigawo choyambirira cha matenda ashuga a 2. Matendawa akamakula, kuchuluka kwa insulin kudzachepa ndipo kuchuluka kwa glucose kumakwera.

Kunenepa kwambiri. Nthawi zina ndi zomwe zimakhala ndi insulini yambiri m'magazi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kunenepa kwambiri, chifukwa chidwi cha munthu chikula, amayamba kudya mafuta ambiri komanso amadziwonjezera mafuta. Ngakhale kutsata zomwe zimayambitsa kunenepa sikungatheke nthawi zonse.

Tumor wa pituitary gland (acromegaly). Ngati munthu ali wathanzi, ndiye kuti insulin imathandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Izi, zimathandizira kupanga mahomoni okula. Zakudya zamakometi zikayamba, kupezeka kotereku kumachitika. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mayeso olimbikitsa omwe amafunafuna kudziwa kuyenera kwa mahomoni. Ndi kuyambitsa kwa insulin mu mawonekedwe a jekeseni wa mu mnofu, kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni sikuchitika ola limodzi kapena awiri atabayidwa.

Hypercorticism. Ndi matenda, pali kuwonjezeka kwa glucocorticoids mthupi, zomwe zimalepheretsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa glucose. Zotsatira zake, mfundo zake zimakhazikika, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi.

Kutupa kwa minyewa. Amayamba motsutsana ndi maziko azosokoneza kagayidwe kachakudya, pomwe mulingo wa insulin ukuwonjezeka.

Nthawi yobala mwana imapangitsa kuti insulin iwonjezere.

Matenda a m'magazi ogwirizana ndi tsankho kwa fructose ndi galactose.

Wodwala yemwe ali ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi akapatsidwa jakisoni wa insulin yothamanga, izi zitha kumulola kusiya. Komanso, jakisoni wa insulin amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza odwala matenda a shuga mellitus, chifukwa makonzedwe ake amalola kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Poterepa, kuchuluka kwa insulin mwa anthu kudzachulukanso.

Ndikothekanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulini ngati kuyesayesa kwayesedwa ku chithandizo cha matenda omwe amapangitsa kuti asokonezeke mu kagayidwe kachakudya.

Mankhwala ochepetsa insulin amawonedwa mu mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2 wa shuga.Nthawi yomweyo, shuga yemwe amadalira insulin amachititsa kuchepa kwa insulin m'magazi, ndipo shuga yodalira insulin imapangitsa kutsika kwathunthu kwa timadzi m'magazi. Kupsinjika kwakukulu, zochitika zolimbitsa thupi ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsutsana ndi thupi zimathanso kutsitsa.

Kudziwa mulingo wa insulini m'magazi - chifukwa chofunikira?

Mlingo wa insulini, monga chizindikiro chodziimira payokha cha magazi mu mtengo wokwanira, uli ndi phindu lozama. Kuti timange za kuphwanya kwina m'thupi, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikuwongolera zizindikiro ziwirizi.

Chodziwikiratu kwambiri ndi kuyesa kwodzetsa mphamvu yopanga insulin ndi shuga, kapena, monga momwe amatchedwanso, mayeso opsinjika. Zimakupatsani mwayi wodziwitsa matenda ashuga. Pankhaniyi, momwe thupi limapangidwira popanga insulin idzachedwa, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, koma mtsogolomo, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kudzachuluka kwambiri. Ngati munthu ali wathanzi, ndiye kuti insulini m'magazi imakula bwino.

Pali kafukufuku wina yemwe ali ndi phindu lofufuza matendawa pofotokoza zovuta zomwe zimachitika popanga insulin mthupi. Uku ndi kuyesa kopanikizika pogwiritsa ntchito glucose (mayeso osala kudya). Choyamba, magazi amatengedwa kuchokera kwa wodwala pamimba yopanda kanthu, yomwe imayesedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga, insulini ndi gawo la protein lomwe ndi gawo la molekyu ya proinsulin. Kenako, masana, munthu ayenera kufa ndi njala, amamwa madzi ochepa. Maola 6 aliwonse, magazi amatengedwa kuchokera kwa iye kuti azindikire chizindikiro chomwe akukayikira ndi madokotala, ndiko kuti, C-peptide, glucose kapena insulin, kapena zinthu zitatu zonsezi nthawi imodzi.

Mwambiri, munthu wathanzi samachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa insulin. Kusiyanako ndi amayi apakati, omwe mwanjira iyi ndimakhalidwe achilengedwe. Muzochitika zina zonse, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumayenera kukhalabe kosalekeza.

Ngati ikwera, ndiye kuti ndi mwayi wokayikira zotsatirazi:

Chotupa cha pancreatic chomwe chili m'misempha yazilumba za Langerhans.

Hyperplasia yamatenda a ma islets a Langerhans.

Zovuta za kupanga glucocorticoid m'thupi.

Zophwanya kwambiri chiwindi.

Gawo loyamba la matenda ashuga.

M'matenda ena, mwachitsanzo, ndi hypercorticism, acromegaly, minofu dystrophy, kuchuluka kwa insulini kumawongoleredwa kuti kuwunikira kugwira ntchito kwamkati mwa thupi.

Zopereka zamagazi za insulin

Kuti muwerenge kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi, muyenera kutenga kuchokera mu mtsempha. Ngati insulin yatsimikizika mu plasma, ndiye kuti magaziwo amatengedwa mu chubu choyesera chomwe chili ndi heparin. Ngati insulin yotsimikizika mu seramu yamagazi, ndiye kuti anticoagulant safunika. Phunziroli likuyenera kuchitika pasanathe mphindi 15 kuchokera pakulowera magazi kuti muwoneke.

Kuti zotsatira zake zikhale zodalirika, munthu ayenera kufa ndi njala kwa maola 12, simuyenera kumwa mankhwala aliwonse, muyenera kupewa zochita zolimbitsa thupi. Pokhapokha ngati sizingatheke kumwa mankhwala, izi zimawonekera mu mawonekedwe akusanthula.

Mphindi 30 asanafike magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha, munthu ayenera kulowa mu ofesi ya dokotala ndikugona. Nthawi ino akuyenera kukhala m'malo abata komanso omasuka. Kupanda kutero, zodalirika sizingatheke.

Jakisoni wa insulin

Insulin imalembedwa kwa anthu ngati mankhwala a matenda osiyanasiyana, omwe chachikulu ndi matenda a shuga.

Anthu ambiri amafunikira insulin. Ndi chiyambi chake, odwala amapirira okha. Komabe, asanalandire malangizo azachipatala. Zimakhudza kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera kwa chipangizocho, malamulo a antiseptics, mlingo wa mankhwalawa. Odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba amakakamizidwa kuti adzibaya ndi insulin kuti apitirize kukhala ndi moyo wanthawi zonse. Nthawi zina makonzedwe amakulu amachitika mwadzidzidzi, izi zimafunikira kuti pakhale zovuta za matendawo komanso pazovuta zina zazikulu. Mu matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, jakisoni amatha m'malo mwa mankhwala oyamwa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti matenda amtunduwu amafunikira kukhazikitsa insulini kokha pazovuta zake. Chifukwa chake, pakukula kwa zovuta, munthu samakhala ndi luso la insulin. Ndiosavuta kwa iye kumwa piritsi.

Njira yothetsera insulin, yomwe imakhazikika pazinthu za insulin za munthu, ndi chida chotetezeka komanso chothandiza chomwe chimapereka zotsatira zoyipa zochepa. Chofanana kwambiri ndi insulin yamunthu ndi mahomoni a hypoglycemic opangidwa ndi kapamba wa nkhumba. Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwazaka zambiri kuchitira anthu. Mankhwala amakono amapatsa anthu insulin, yomwe imapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito genetic engineering. Ngati mwana akufunika chithandizo, ndiye kuti adzalandira insulin yokha yamunthu, osati chinyama.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa hormone kumakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi shuga m'magazi, samalola kuti kukwere ndi kugwa kumagulu ovuta.

Kutengera ndi matenda omwe munthu ali nawo, msinkhu wake komanso kupezeka kwa ma concomitant pathologies, dokotala amamusankhira payekha payekha. Onetsetsani kuti mwapereka kwa wodwalayo mwachidule momwe angafunikire jakisoni wa insulin. Kuphatikiza apo, munthu ayenera kutsatira zakudya zapadera, zomwe zimavomerezedwanso ndi adokotala. Kusintha kuyenera kukhala chizolowezi cha tsiku ndi tsiku, chikhalidwe ndi kukula kwa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi. Pokhapokha ngati zonsezi zakwaniritsidwa pomwe mankhwalawo amatha kuthandizidwa, zomwe zingathandize kukonza moyo wabwino.

Mitundu ya insulin iti ilipo?

Pali mitundu ingapo ya insulin. Iyenera kukhazikitsidwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana masana.

Humalog ndi Novorapid ndizopangira insulin posachedwa. Insulin yamtunduwu imayamba kugwira ntchito pakatha mphindi 15, mphamvu yayikulu ya mahomoni ingayembekezeredwe m'ma 1-1,5, ndipo maola 4 atatha kupatsidwa insulin m'magazi sipadzakhalanso.

Insuman Rapid, Actrapid NM, Humulin Regulator - awa ndi ma insulin osakhalitsa. Zotsatira zamankhwala omwe amapezeka ndi mankhwala zimachitika pambuyo pa mphindi 30-45. Zochita zake zimatha mpaka maola 8. Kuchuluka kwakukulu kuyenera kuyembekezeredwa mu maola 2-4.

Humulin NPH, Insuman Bazal, Protafan NM - awa ndi ma insulins a nthawi yayitali. Zotsatira zamayendedwe awo amabwera mu maola 1-3, ndipo azichita kuyambira maola 10 mpaka 20. Mitundu yayikulu ya mahomoni m'magazi imafikiridwa pambuyo pa maola 6-8 kuchokera ku makonzedwe.

Insulin Glargin (Lantus) ndi mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, omwe zotsatira zake zimakhala kwa maola 20-30. Hormoni iyi siyofika pachimodzimodzi, yogawidwa chimodzimodzi nthawi yonse yochita.

Insulin Degludec ndi mankhwala opatsa mphamvu kwa nthawi yayitali omwe amatha kukhala maola 42. Mankhwalawa amapangidwa ku Denmark.

Mitundu iwiri yomaliza ya insulin ndiyokwanira kulowa nthawi imodzi patsiku. Pazinthu zadzidzidzi sizigwiritsidwa ntchito, popeza zotsatira zake sizimachitika mwachangu, koma patapita maola ochepa. Chifukwa chake, ndi kukula kwa chikomokere, munthu amalumikizidwa ndi insulin ya ultrashort.

Kanema: Mitundu ya insulin yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ashuga:

Jekeseni amafunika kukhala pansi pakhungu kapena minofu. Zambiri pa izi ziyenera kupezeka kuchokera kwa dokotala. Dokotalayo amapereka malangizo okhudza malamulo osakanikirana ndi mankhwalawa, komanso nthawi yankhomaliro, malinga ndi zakudya. Zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamalitsa, popeza nthawi ya jakisoni ndi mlingo wawo zimatengera izi.

Maphunziro: Mu 2013, Kursk State Medical University idamaliza maphunziro ndipo dipuloma "General Medicine" idalandiridwa. Pambuyo pa zaka 2, kukhalanso mu "Oncology" yapadera kunatsirizidwa. Mu 2016, maphunziro omaliza maphunziro adachitika ku N.I. Pirogov National Medical and upasuaji Center.

Anyezi ndi adyo amateteza 80% ku khansa ya matumbo

Zakudya zisanu, kudya kwake komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi sayansi yamakono

Zokongoletsa

Zokongoletsa - njira yolumikizirana pakati pa sayansi yamagulu azaka zam'ma 2000, kuphatikiza zochitika zosiyanasiyana kutengera kuphunziridwa kwa zida, kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya zinenedwe pakuwunika anthu ndi chikhalidwe, pamalingaliro a kusasinthika ndi chiyembekezo. Structuralism idaphatikizaponso zokhudzana ndi filosofi, ma epistemological komanso chikhalidwe pazovuta; mitundu yake idasiyana malinga ndi miyambo.

Kupanga zinthu kwachilengedwe kudakula m'ziyankhulo, komwe magwero ake anali Ferdinand de Saussure. Akatswiri ofufuza za Chifalansa adalengeza kusintha kwasayansi mu umunthu, kupangidwanso kwawo ndikuphatikizana pogwiritsa ntchito njira zina. Structuralism inalengeza kutsogolo kwa mapangidwe osazindikira pamutu ndi chikumbumtima, maubale pazinthu, kulunzanitsa pa diachrony, holism pa atomism. Chikhalidwe chidawoneka ngati chizindikiro, komanso gulu ngati chiphiphiritso. Malingaliro a Structuralist adagwiritsidwa ntchito mu anthropology, psychoanalysis, semiotic, kutsutsa kolemba, maphunziro achipembedzo, mbiri yakale, chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi magawo ena.

Ku France, mchaka cha 1950 ndi 1960s, kukhazikika kwa zinthu kunali kopambana kwambiri m'zasayansi komanso manyuzipepala, mchaka cha 1968 kutchuka kwake kudatha, ndipo pofika 1980s adatha. Kusintha kwa zinthu sikungathe kukwaniritsa zolinga zomwe asayansi, komanso asayansi akufuna, koma zidawakhudza pakukula kwina kwa anthu. Amodzi mwa mbiri ya gululi ndi Ferdinand de Saussure, Roman Jacobson, Claude Levy-Strauss, Roland Barth, Jacques Lacan, Michel Foucault.

Revox B215

Revox B215 - chojambulira cha makaseti wanyumba (desiki), chopangidwa ndi kampani yaku Swiss Studer kuyambira 1985 mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka zam'ma 1990. M'mazaka omwewo, kampaniyi idatulutsa analogue ya B215 pansi paudindo Studer A271. Mtundu wakale, wopangidwa bwino wa B215, wopangidwa mwa mlandu wakuda wosiyana ndi zowongolera, adapangidwa Revox B215-S.

B215 idagwiritsa ntchito makina anayi oyeserera, odalirika a injini zinayi za mtundu wa B710 pogwiritsa ntchito zida zochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa makasitomala aluso - ma wayilesi ndi ma studio ojambulira. B215 inali yosiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu yapitayo ya Studer komanso kuchokera kwa omwe akupikisana nawo omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe apadera a "kompyuta" ndikuwonetsa ntchito zazikuluzikulu: mtundu womwe udagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawiyo osasintha kwawokha makonda osasintha.

Enzyme ndi mahomoni opanga chiwalo

Anatomically, kapamba amakhala kuseri kwa khoma lakunja kwa m'mimba. Chifukwa chake dzina loyambira. Ntchito yofunikira kwambiri ya gulu la endocrine ndikupanga insulin. Ichi ndi chinthu chapadera chachinsinsi chomwe chimatenga gawo lalikulu machitidwe osiyanasiyana.

Hyperfunction ya gland ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni. Mwa wodwala, chilakolako chambiri, shuga wamagazi amachepa. Hypofunction ya chiwalo limayendera limodzi ndi zizindikiro zosiyana, kukodza pafupipafupi, ludzu lokwanira.

Chiwalo chimayesedwa ngati chida chosakanikirana. Ilinso ndi kutulutsa timadzi ta pancreatic kapena pancreatic. Ma enzymes ake amachita nawo chimbudzi. Mapeto ake, thupi limalandira mphamvu yofunikira kuti ikhale ndi moyo wabwinobwino.

Madzi a pancreatic mawonekedwe ake ndi amadzimadzi osayera. Kuchuluka kwake mwa munthu wamkulu wathanzi ndi 600-700 ml. Zomwe zimasungidwa mwachinsinsi zimapanga ma enzyme (amylase, lipase). Zinthu za Enzymatic zimathandizira kusankha kugawidwa kwa chakudya kukhala zigawo zina, mwachitsanzo, mapuloteni amino acid.

Lipase ndi bile zimayang'ana ku mafuta, ma carbohydrate ali m'maso a amylase. Zophatikizira zovuta (wowuma, glycogen) pamapeto pake zimasandulika kukhala saccharides wosavuta. Pambuyo pake, amathandizidwa ndi michere yamatumbo, komwe zinthu zamitundu yambiri zimalowa m'magazi.

Zojambula zowonekera

Kodi insulin kwenikweni ndi iti? Hormoni ndi yofunika kwa khungu lililonse m'thupi. Malo akuluakulu a ntchito yake ndi chiwindi, minofu, minofu ya adipose. M'magazi a munthu wamkulu wathanzi, kusala kudya kumayenera kukhala insulini m'malo osiyanasiyana a 10-20 20U / ml (0.4-0.8 ng / ml).

Kupangidwa ndi kapamba kapena kuyambitsa kuchokera kunja, mahomoni amalowa m'mitsempha yamagazi. Kodi insulin imatani? Kuposa theka la kuchuluka kwake kumasungidwa kwakanthawi m'chiwindi. Ndipo pomwepo amalowa m'magulu a kayendedwe ka metabolic.

Chifukwa cha insulin, zimachitika:

• Kuchepetsa kuphwanya glycogen ndi mapangidwe ake m'chiwindi,
• cholepheretsa kutembenuka kwa glucose kuchokera ku mankhwala ena,
• kutsutsana kwa kapangidwe ka matupi a ketone komanso kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni m'matumbo amisempha,
• kapangidwe ka glycerol kuchokera pama mamolekyulu.

Ndi mahomoni, chiwindi ndi minofu yake zimatenga glucose kuchokera m'magazi, kagayidwe kazakudya zam'mimba zimakhazikika. Matupi a Ketone ndi zinthu zovulaza zomwe zimapangidwa chifukwa chakutha kwa mafuta.

Mu kapamba, kutulutsira kwa mahomoni kumatheka osati ndi shuga, komanso ndi ma protein (ma amino acid) omwe amalowa m'matumbo am'mimba. Ndizowopsa kwa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga kudzimana chakudya chama protein nthawi yayitali. Amupatsana masiku ambiri azakudya.

Ntchito ndi kapangidwe ka molekyulu yovuta ya mapuloteni

Hormayo ili ndi ntchito zambiri. Imapulumutsa ndipo imapeza mphamvu. Maselo amisempha ndi minyewa ya adipose pansi pa patronage yotenga timadzi tambiri pafupifupi 15%. Oposa theka la kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri chimagwera pachiwindi ndikupuma mwa munthu wathanzi.

Chiwalo chokhudza mtima chimayankha nthawi yomweyo kuchuluka kwa magazi a glycemic. Kuperewera kwa insulin kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa njira zopangira shuga. Kuphatikizika kwa zinthu zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zofunika kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo zikugwa.

Pazipangidwe zokhazikika za mahomoni ndi kagayidwe kakang'ono ka minofu mu minofu, kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe amthupi ndi maselo kumakhala pang'ono. Mwathunthu, minofu yogwira imapeza. Ntchito ya insulin ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zamapuloteni mthupi. Kuwonongeka kwa mahomoni a kapamba kumachitika makamaka m'chiwindi. Chifukwa cha izo, maselo am'mimba amatenga potaziyamu, ndipo kutulutsa kwa sodium ndi impso kumachedwetsedwa.

Molekyulu yeniyeniyo imakhala ndi zovuta kupanga. Amakhala ndi amino acid 16 (okwana 20). Mu 1921, asayansi azachipatala aku Canada adasiyanitsa insulin kuchokera ku zikondamoyo za nyama zanyama. Patatha chaka chimodzi ku Russia, maphunziro omwe adaphunzira adayesedwa bwino.

Amadziwika kuti zochulukirapo za zikondamoyo zimayenera kupeza mankhwalawo. Chifukwa chake, kupatsa mahomoni a wodwala m'modzi wodwala matenda ashuga chaka chonse, ziwalo 40 za nkhumba zidakhudzidwa. Tsopano pali mitundu yopitilira 50 ya mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Wogwiritsa ntchito glycemic wopanga wadutsa magawo atatu a kuyeretsedwa ndipo amawerengedwa ngati abwino kwambiri pakadali pano.

Odwala ena omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amakhala ndi vuto linalake lamaganizidwe posintha ku insulin. Amadziika pachiwopsezo pokana jakisoni wa mahomoni osalipira bwino matendawa. Ndikosatheka kulowa kudzera pakamwa (kudzera mkamwa) mpaka mapuloteni. Insulin yomwe ili m'thupi la munthu idzawonongeka m'mimba, osalowetsa magazi.

Kuwunikira kuti muzindikire kulolera kwa glucose

Kuyesedwa kwa matenda omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo kumachitika ndikuwopseza ndi shuga m'magalamu 75. Njira yotsekemera imamwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, koma osapitirira maola 10.Zakudya zomanga thupi kuchokera kuzakudya zimapangitsa kuti mahomoni azitsekera. Maola 2 otsatira, wodwalayo amapereka magazi kangapo. Zizindikiro za kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi athunthu, kuphatikizapo venous, capillary ndi plasma, zimasiyanasiyana.

Amakhulupirira kuti matenda a shuga amapezeka ndimikhalidwe ya glycemic:

• pamimba yopanda kanthu - oposa 6.11 mmol / l,
• pambuyo pa ola limodzi - oposa 9.99 mmol / l,
• pambuyo pa maola 2 - 7.22 mmol / L.

Kusintha kotheka kumatheka pokhapokha ngati udzu kapena mfundo ziwiri zomwe ndizapamwamba kuposa zabwinobwino. Izi zimapangitsa kale kukayikira thanzi lathunthu la munthu wokhudzana ndi matenda a endocrine. Poterepa, pitilizani mayeso. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupange mawonedwe a glycated hemoglobin (abwinobwino mpaka 7.0 mml / l). Zikuwonetsa mulingo wapakati wa glycemia wam'mbuyomu, miyezi 3-4 yapitayo.

Mitundu ya insulin mankhwala ndi kutsimikiza kwa mlingo

Kodi insulin ya wodwala matenda ashuga ndi chiyani? Ma protein a protein amaphatikizidwa m'malo oyenera m'thupi (m'mimba, mwendo, mkono) kulipirira kulumpha kwa glucose wamagazi.

• Ndi chiwonetsero chofatsa cha matendawa pamimba yopanda kanthu, kuchuluka kwa glycemia sikupita 8.0 mmol / L. Masana palibe kusinthasintha kwakuthwa. Zotsatira za shuga mu mkodzo (glycosuria) zitha kupezeka. Mtundu wocheperako wa glycemia ukhoza kukhala harbinger wa matendawa. Amamuthandizira pakadali pano zakudya zapadera ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
• Ndi mawonekedwe apakati, zizindikiro za glycemia zimakhala 14 mmol / l, glucosuria imawonetsedwa, ndipo nthawi zina - matupi a ketone (ketoacidosis). Pankhaniyi, shuga imaperekedwanso chakudya komanso kugwiritsa ntchito othandizira a hypoglycemic, kuphatikizapo insulin. Kusokonezeka kwa matenda ashuga m'deralo mu kayendedwe ka magazi ndi kayendedwe ka manjenje (angioneuropathy) kukukulira.
• Fomu yolimba imafunikira mankhwala a insulin mosalekeza ndipo imadziwika ndi glycemia ndi glycosuria, pamimba yopanda 14 mmol / l ndi 50 g / l, motsatana.

Magawo azilipira:

Ndi zochitika zomalizazi, chikomokere (hyperglycemic) ndichotheka. Kuti muchiritse bwino mankhwala, chofunika ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa magazi. Zoyenera, komanso musanadye chilichonse. Mlingo wokwanira wa insulin umathandizira kukhazikika kwa glycemia. Ndi chifukwa chake insulin ndiyofunikira kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Mtundu wa mahomoni okumbukira amatengera kutalika kwa zochita. Imagawidwa pang'onopang'ono komanso yayitali. Yoyamba imachitika bwino m'mimba, yachiwiri m'chafu. Gawo la kuchuluka kwathunthu tsiku lililonse limasiyanasiyana - 50:50, 60:40 kapena 40:60. Mlingo watsiku ndi tsiku ndi magawo a 0,5-1.0 pa kilogalamu ya kulemera kwa odwala. Zimatengera kuchuluka kwa kutayika kwa kapamba ka ntchito zake.

Mlingo uliwonse umasankhidwa payekha ndipo umakhazikitsidwa poyeserera kuchipatala. Pambuyo pa odwala matenda ashuga amatha kusintha njira ya insulin. Ngati ndi kotheka, amapanga zosintha zazing'ono, motsogozedwa ndi njira zothandizira muyezo (glucometer, mayeso oyesa kudziwa matupi a glucose ndi ketone mu mkodzo).

Kodi kukonzekera insulin ndi chiyani?

Kodi insulin ndi chiyani? Insulin ndi mahomoni ofunikira. Mankhwala, mahomoni amatchedwa zinthu, mamolekyulu awo, omwe amagwira ntchito yolumikizana pakati pa ziwalo mthupi, amathandizira kagayidwe. Monga lamulo, mamolekyuwo amapangidwa ndi tinthu tambiri timene timatulutsa.

Insulin yaumunthu, bwanji imafunikira? Ntchito ya insulin m'thupi la munthu ndiyofunika kwambiri. Mu thupi lathu, chilichonse chimaganiziridwa pazinthu zazing'ono kwambiri. Ziwalo zambiri zimagwira ntchito zingapo nthawi imodzi. Chilichonse chimagwira ntchito zofunika. Popanda chilichonse cha izo, thanzi komanso thanzi la munthu limalephera. Hemeni insulin imakhala ndi shuga yachilengedwe. Glucose ndiyofunika kwa munthu. Ndiye gwero lalikulu lamphamvu, limapatsa munthu mwayi wogwira ntchito yakuthupi ndi yamalingaliro, ndipo amathandizira ziwalo za thupi kugwira ntchito zawo. Kodi ntchito ya insulin m'thupi lathu imatha? Tiyeni timvetse bwino.

Pansi pahomoni ndi mapuloteni. Makina amomwe timadzi timadzi timene timakumana ndi. Kudzera m'magazi, timadzi timalowa timene timafunikira.

Kapangidwe ka insulin kutengera kuti ndi mahomoni a peptide okhala ndi ma amino acid. Molekyuyo imaphatikizira 2 ma polypeptide unyolo - A ndi B. Chain A ali ndi amino acid omwe atsalira a 21, unyolo B ali ndi 30. Kudziwa momwe mahomoniwa apangira asayansi kuti apange mankhwala opanga kuti athane ndi matenda ashuga.

Kodi mahomoni amapangidwa kuti?

Ndi chiwalo chiti chomwe chimatulutsa insulini? Kupanga kwa insulin ya munthu kumachitika ndi kapamba. Gawo la gland lomwe limayang'anira mahomoni limatchedwa islets of Langerhans-Sobolev. Izi zokhala ndi chimbudzi zimaphatikizidwa. Zikondazo zimatulutsa timadzi tam'mimba, timene timaphatikizidwa ndi kukonza mafuta, mapuloteni ndi chakudya. Ntchito ya zofufumitsa imakhala ndi:

• kupanga ma enzyme omwe chakudya chimamwa,
• kusaloyeka kwa asidi omwe ali m'zakudya zofunika,
• kupereka thupi ndi zinthu zofunika (katulutsidwe wamkati),
• chakudya.

Kasitomala ndiye wamkulu kwambiri pamitundu yonse ya anthu. Pogwira ntchito, imagawidwa m'magawo awiri - ambiri ndi zilumba. Ambiri amatenga nawo gawo logaya chakudya, timadzi timene timatulutsa timapangidwa. Kuphatikiza pa zomwe zimafunidwa, ma islets amatulutsa glucagon, omwe amathandizanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Koma ngati insulin imachepetsa shuga, ndiye kuti mahomoni am'magazi, adrenaline ndi mahomoni okula amachulukitsa. Chofunikira mu mankhwala chimatchedwa hypoglycemic. Ichi ndi insulin yogwira insulin (IRI). Tsopano zikuwoneka bwino komwe insulin imapangidwa.

Mahomoni m'thupi

Zikondazo zimatsogolera insulin m'magazi. Insulin yaumunthu imapereka maselo a thupi ndi potaziyamu, ma amino acid angapo ndi glucose. Imayendetsa kagayidwe kazakudya, imapereka maselo athu onse ndi chakudya choyenera. Kukoka kagayidwe kazakudya, kumayendetsanso kagayidwe kazakudya zomanga thupi ndi mafuta, popeza njira zina za metabolic zimavutikanso ndi kuphwanya kagayidwe kazachilengedwe.

Kodi insulin imagwira ntchito bwanji? Zochita za insulin m'thupi lathu ndikuti zimakhudza ma enzymes ambiri opangidwa ndi thupi. Komabe, ntchito yake yayikulu ndikusunga kuchuluka kwa shuga mkati mwa nthawi zonse. Mphamvu ya glucose imapereka mphamvu kwa anthu ndi ziwalo zawo. Insulin yogwira thupi imamuthandiza kuyamwa ndikusintha kukhala mphamvu. Ntchito za insulin zitha kutsimikiziridwa ndi mndandanda wotsatira:

1. Imalimbikitsa kulowerera kwa glucose m'maselo a minofu ndi minyewa ya adipose komanso kudzikundikira kwa glucose pama cellular.
2. Zimawonjezera kupatsirana kwa ma membrane a maselo, omwe amathandizira kulowetsa zinthu zofunika m'maselo. Mamolekyu omwe amavulaza khungu amapukusidwa kudzera mwa nembanemba.
3. Chifukwa cha hormone iyi, glycogen imawonekera m'maselo a chiwindi ndi minofu.
4. Horoni ya pancreatic imathandizira kuti mapuloteni apangidwe ndikuwadziunjikira m'thupi.
5. Zimathandizira minofu yamafuta pakupanga glucose ndikusintha kukhala malo ogulitsa mafuta.
6. Zimathandizira ma enzymesi kupangitsa kuti mamolekyu a shuga achulukane.
7. Zimasokoneza ma enzyme ena omwe amafuna kuti awononge mafuta ndi glycogen, omwe amapindulitsa thupi.
8. Imalimbikitsa kapangidwe ka ribonucleic acid.
9. Zimathandizira mapangidwe a mahomoni okula.
10. Zimalepheretsa mapangidwe a matupi a ketone.
11. Imalimbikitsa kukomoka kwa lipid.

Zochita za insulin zimafalikira ku zochita zonse za thupi. Zotsatira zazikulu za insulin ndikuti ndizokhazokha zomwe zimatsutsa mahomoni a hyperglycemic, omwe munthu amakhala nawo ochulukirapo.

Mapangidwe a horoni ali bwanji

Makina a zochita za insulin ali motere. Insulin imapangidwa ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagazi. Chakudya chilichonse chomwe timadya, kamodzi m'magazi, chimayambitsa kupangika kwa mahomoni. Itha kukhala zakudya zamapuloteni kapena zamafuta, komanso osati chakudya chokha. Ngati munthu adya chakudya cholimba, zomwe zimapezekazo zimatuluka. Pambuyo panjala, mulingo wake umatsika.

Ngakhale insulini m'thupi la munthu imapangidwa chifukwa cha mahomoni ena, komanso zinthu zina. Izi zimaphatikizapo potaziyamu ndi calcium zofunika kuti mukhale ndi mafupa. Ma amino acid ochulukirapo amathandizanso kupanga mahomoni. Somatotropin, yomwe imalimbikitsa kukula kwa anthu, ndipo kwakutali somatostatin, ali ndi zotsutsana.

Kaya munthu ali ndi insulin yokwanira, izi zitha kutsimikiziridwa mwa kupenda magazi a venous kuti awone kuchuluka kwa shuga. Pasakhale shuga m'mkodzo, zotsatira zina zimawonetsa matenda.

Mlingo wabwinobwino wa shuga, kuchepa kwake komanso kuchepa

Magazi "a shuga", monga momwe amanenera, amaperekedwa m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Mkhalidwe wachilengedwe wamagulu amchere amadziwika kuti umachokera ku 4.1 mpaka 5.9 mmol / L. Mu makanda, ndizotsika - kuyambira 3,3 mpaka 5.6 mmol / L. Akuluakulu amakhala ndi shuga wambiri - kuyambira 4,6 mpaka 6,7 ​​mmol / L.

Kuzindikira insulin ndikosiyana kwa aliyense. Koma, monga lamulo, shuga wambiri amawonetsa kusowa kwa chinthu kapena zina za endocrine system, chiwindi, impso, komanso kuti kapamba sanakonzekere. Zomwe zili nazo zimachulukitsidwa ndikulimbana ndi mtima komanso sitiroko.

Kutsika kwa chizindikiro kungathenso kulankhula za pathologies a ziwalozi. Pali shuga wochepa mwa odwala omwe amamwa mowa kwambiri, ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri, mwa iwo omwe amakonda zakudya, omwe ali ndi njala. Kutsika kwa glucose kumatha kuwonetsa kusokonekera kwa metabolic.

Kuperewera kwa mahomoni kumatha kutsimikiziridwa musanayesedwe ndi kununkhira kwachilendo kwa mkamwa, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha matupi a ketone omwe samapanikizika mothandizidwa ndi chinthu ichi.

Miyezo ya mahomoni m'thupi

Kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi ndi chimodzimodzi kwa ana ndi akulu. Koma zimayendetsedwa ndi kudya zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Wodwala akamadya chakudya chamafuta ambiri, zomerazo zimachuluka. Chifukwa chake, katswiri wa zamankhwala amawunikira insulin m'magazi ataletsa kudya kwa maola 8 kuchokera pakudya. Pamaso kusanthula, mutha kudzipeza nokha ndi mahomoni, apo ayi kafukufukuyu sadzakhala cholinga. Komanso, kuzindikira kwa insulin kumatha kulepheretsa wodwala.

Mitundu yayikulu yamadzi

Mphamvu ya insulin pamunthu imadalira kuchuluka kwake m'magazi. Kupitilira muyeso ya maholide imatha kunena:

1. Kukhalapo kwa insulinomas - neoplasms pa zilumba zaz kapamba. Mtengo wa glucose pamenepa umachepetsedwa.
2. Matenda a shuga osagwirizana ndi insulin. Pankhaniyi, mahomoni amachepa pang'onopang'ono. Ndipo kuchuluka kwa shuga - kukula.
3. Wodwala wodwala. Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa choyambitsa ndi zotsatira. Poyamba, mahomoni owonjezereka amathandiza kusunga mafuta. Zimawonjezera chilimbikitso. Kenako kunenepa kumathandizira kukulitsa zomwe zili.
4. Matenda a Acromegaly. Ndikuphwanyidwa kwa ntchito ya gansi la phula. Ngati munthu ali wathanzi, ndiye kuti kuchepa kwa zomwe zimachitika mumahomoni kumawonjezera kukula kwa zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa mahomoni. Ndi acromegaly, izi sizichitika. Ngakhale kuli kofunikira kupanga gawo lazinthu zosiyanasiyana za insulin.
5. Mawonekedwe a Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome. Ichi ndi chikhalidwe chomwe pali kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zimakhala mthupi la ma glucocorticoid mahomoni a adrenal glands. Ndi izo, khungu limakulitsa, mapuloteni ndi zakudya zimachulukitsa, mafuta a metabolism amachepa. Pankhaniyi, potaziyamu amachotsedwa m'thupi. Kupsinjika kwa magazi kumakwera ndipo mavuto enanso ambiri amachitika.
6. Mawonekedwe a minofu dystrophy.
7. Mimba zomwe zimachitika ndi chidwi chambiri.
8. Factose ndi galactose tsankho.
9. Matenda a chiwindi.

Kutsika kwa mahomoni m'mwazi kumawonetsa matenda amtundu wa 2 kapena mtundu wa 2:

• Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga - kupanga insulin mthupi kumachepa, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumachulukitsa, kupezeka kwa shuga mumkodzo kumawonedwa.
• Mtundu wachiwiri - mahomoni amawonjezeka, glucose m'magazi nawonso ndiwokwera kuposa masiku onse. Izi zimachitika pamene thupi lataya chidwi ndi insulin, ngati kuti sazindikira kukhalapo kwake.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa pamene munthu alibe mphamvu yogwirira ntchito ziwalo zonse moyenera. Ndiosavuta kuzindikira matenda. Dokotala nthawi zambiri amakupangira chithandizo chokwanira - chokhudza kapamba, yemwe sagwirizana ndi ntchito zake, ndipo munthawi yomweyo mwakulitsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'magazi ndi jakisoni.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, kuchepa kwa insulin kumachepa, ndipo kuwonjezeka kungayambitse mapangidwe a cholesterol m'matumbo amiyendo, mtima, ndi ubongo. Ndi iyo, ulusi wamanjenje umawonongeka. Munthu akuwopsezedwa ndi khungu, kuwonda, kugunda kwa mtima, kulephera kwa impso, kufunika ndikudula mwendo kapena mkono.

Mitundu ya mahomoni

Mphamvu ya insulin thupi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga chimaperekedwa ndi adokotala pambuyo phunziroli. Kodi ndi mtundu wanji wa matenda ashuga womwe udakhudza wodwala, ndi machitidwe ake ati, chifuwa ndi kusalolera kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Chifukwa chiyani tikufunika insulin ya matenda a shuga, ndizodziwikiratu - kutsitsa shuga.

Mitundu ya mahomoni a insulin omwe amapatsidwa shuga:

1. Kuchita zinthu mwachangu. Zochita zake zimayambira mphindi 5 jekeseni, koma mofulumira.
2. Mwachidule. Kodi timadzi timeneti ndi chiyani? Amayamba kuchita pambuyo pake - atatha theka la ola. Koma zimathandiza kwa nthawi yayitali.
3. Kutalika kwapakati. Zimadziwika ndi zomwe zimapangitsa wodwalayo kwakanthawi pafupifupi theka la tsiku. Nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa limodzi ndi yofulumira, kuti wodwalayo amve kupumula nthawi yomweyo.
4. Kuchita kwakutali. Hormone iyi imagwira masana. Imaperekedwa m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mahomoni ofulumira kuchitapo kanthu.
5. Zosakanizidwa. Zimapezeka ndikusakanikirana kwa mahomoni kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu komanso pakati. Zopangidwira anthu omwe zimawavuta kusakaniza mahomoni awiri azomwe amachita mosiyanasiyana.

Momwe insulin imagwirira ntchito, tidapenda. Munthu aliyense amakhudzidwa mosiyanasiyana ndi jakisoni wake. Zimatengera dongosolo lazakudya, maphunziro olimbitsa thupi, zaka, jenda, komanso matenda oyanjana. Chifukwa chake wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuyang'aniridwa mosalekeza.

Mlingo wa insulin mthupi la munthu

Muyezo wa insulin ya m'magazi a akazi ndi abambo umakhala wofanana, ndipo umatha kusiyanasiyana nthawi yayitali. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa glucose wamkazi akamatuluka m'thupi la mkazi, kapamba amapanga insulin yambiri, yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha kutha msambo, kutenga pakati, kapena kukalamba.

Kuchokera pagome ili titha kuwona kuti zaka ndi zochitika m'moyo zimakhudza bwino kuchuluka kwa insulin ya m'magazi. Komabe, mwa abambo momwe zinthu ziliri, komanso zosiyana kutengera zaka.

Kuwonjezeka kotere kwa mahomoni okalamba kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kwa thupi.

Ponena za ana ndi achinyamata, ali m'gulu lapadera la anthu, chifukwa zinthu zawo sizofunikira kwambiri mphamvu, chifukwa chake insulini sinyalanyazidwa pang'ono. Koma ndikayamba kutha msinkhu, chithunzi cha opaleshoni ya mahomoni chimayambitsa thupi, ndipo insulin imatulutsidwa m'magazi ochuluka.

Kusinthasintha kwa chizindikiritso cha zinthu za insulin m'madongosolo a zikhalidwe zomwe zawonetsedwa m'matafura pamwambapa kumawonetsa thanzi la thupi.Komabe, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa insulin kungayambitse matenda a kupuma kwambiri ndi ziwalo zina, zomwe zimabweretsa zotsatira zosasintha.

Yang'anani! Kuti mudziwe molondola kuchuluka kwa insulin ya m'magazi, kuyezetsa magazi kawiri kuyenera kuchitidwa - pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso pambuyo pakukula kwambiri kwa shuga, zotsatira zake zimawululira kukhalapo kapena kusowa kwa shuga.

Milingo yochepa ya insulin

Mkhalidwe wamtunduwu umabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yake ya kulowa mkati mwa maselo amthupi ndipo minofu ya thupi la munthu imayamba kumva kuperewera kwa shuga. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda oterewa adakulitsa ludzu, kukodza pafupipafupi, kusawonekera kawirikawiri komanso kugwidwa ndi njala yayikulu.

Izi zimayenderana ndi zotsatira za matenda:

• matenda ashuga amtundu 1 - omwe amachokera kuti adabadwa nako, zomwe zimakhudza kuthekera kwa kapamba kuti apange insulin. The pachimake matendawa kumabweretsa kuwonongeka msanga munthu, kuchititsa njala, ludzu, zoipa mpweya kuchokera kumlomo.
• kudya kwambiri - chakudya cholakwika cha anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi maswiti amatsogolera ku matenda a shuga,
• matenda - angapo matenda amathandizira ziwalo zopanga insulin mwa kuwononga ma cell a beta omwe amapanga insulin mwa zomwe amachita. Zotsatira zake, thupi limasowa timadzi timene timayambitsa mavuto,
• kutopa chifukwa champhamvu zolimbitsa thupi komanso mwamakhalidwe - munthawi imeneyi, thupi limadya shuga wambiri, ndipo mulingo wa insulin m'magazi umachepa.

Ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala omwe amabweretsa mavuto chifukwa chakupanga kwa insulin. Komabe, sizimabweretsa zosokoneza zazikulu mu ntchito za thupi kapena mavuto omwe amaopseza moyo. Koma zingayambitsenso hypoglycemia - kutsika kowopsa m'magazi a magazi, omwe angayambitse chikomokere kapena kufa. Njira yotalikira ya matendawa imayambitsa mavuto ndi khungu la maso, zilonda zam'mimba komanso zotupa m'miyendo, kulephera kwa impso, kufooka kwa thupi komanso kufooka kwa thupi, kupweteka kosatha komanso zilonda zam'mimba.

Mkulu insulin

Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa insulin ya mahomoni kumatha kuwonedwa mutatha kudya, komabe, kuyenera kusungidwa mkati mwa zovomerezeka. Pankhani ya kuchuluka kwambiri, insulin imasokoneza magwiridwe antchito onse ofunika mthupi la munthu.

Vuto lofananalo nthawi zambiri limayendetsedwa ndi nseru panthawi yanjala, kukomoka, kunjenjemera kwa thupi, tachycardia, thukuta kwambiri komanso kulakalaka kwamphamvu. Zimathanso kuchitika chifukwa cha zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, monga masewera olimbitsa thupi, kudya, komanso pakati. Pathological overestimation ya insulin m'magazi imayamba chifukwa cha matenda:

• insulinoma - chotupa chabwinobwino cha thupi chomwe chimapanga insulin, chomwe chimakwiyitsa kukula kwa mahomoni ndikupanga kwa hypoglycemia. Amathandizidwa ndi opaleshoni ndikuchotsa chotupa chonse, pambuyo pake odwala oposa 80% amabwerera kumoyo wopanda matenda,
• matenda a shuga a 2 - obwera chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri kapena kutengera kwa cholowa. Zimayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa insulin m'magazi, yomwe ndi yopanda phindu pakuyamwa kwa shuga, chifukwa chake adalandira dzina lachiwiri - insulin-Independent,
• acromegaly - wotchuka amatchedwanso gigantism. Amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni okula kuchokera ku pituitary gland, yomwe imachulukitsa kupanga mahomoni ena, kuphatikiza insulin,
• Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome - matendawa amawonjezera zomwe zili ndi glucocorticoids m'magazi, zimayambitsa zovuta za kunenepa kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe a mafuta a goiter. Palinso kukwiya pakhungu ndi matenda, kufooka kwathunthu ndi mavuto amtima,
• polycystic ovary - azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda amtunduwu amavutika ndi mavuto amtundu uliwonse wamahomoni, omwe amachititsa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi.

Kuchita kwa insulin mosamala kwambiri kumawononga mitsempha yamagazi, ndikakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni, kuwonjezeka kwa thupi, matenda amtima amawonekera. Kukula kwa cholesterol ndi chotupa kumachulukitsa kuyambitsa khansa.

Zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi insulin

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto a insulin, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti apange zakudya zoyenera. Inde, nthawi zambiri, zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chambiri zimaperekedwa kunja kwa zakudya, koma ndi insulin yokwanira izi ndizosatheka. Pankhaniyi, chithandizo chimaphatikizira insulin ya anthu m'malo mwa phytoinsulin.

Ogawa bwino kwambiri a phytoinsulin ndi - dzungu, Yerusalemu artichoke, zukini ndi zopangira tiyi, monga mabulosi abuluu. Chakudya choterocho sichabwino konse kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2, chifukwa phytoinsulin yomwe imapezeka kuchokera kumizimba ilibe mgwirizano ndi insulin receptors, potero sikungapangitsenso kupanga shuga, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti thupi silingatengere insulin. Komabe, mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, phytoinsulin amatha kutenga nawo gawo lalikulu pa chithandizo.

Mndandanda wa insulin ndi chizindikiro chomwe chimathandiza kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa glucose omwe amalowa m'magazi komanso nthawi yanthawi yomwe hormone ya insulin imachotsa chinthuchi. Mwachilengedwe, muyezo mogwirizana ndi chizindikiro umakhala ndi chinthu chomwe chili ndi 100% ya insulini pakamwa. Izi zimaphatikizapo chidutswa cha mkate woyera wokhala ndi thanzi labwino 240 kcal.

Zogulitsa zakudya zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi glycemin ndi insulin. Mafuta ochulukirapo, othandizira komanso mafuta opatsirana amapezeka mu malonda, omwe amawonetsa chizindikiro kwambiri. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kutentha kwamphamvu pachakudya kumakulitsa kuchuluka kwa insulini mmenemo. Kuphatikizidwa kwa zinthu ziwiri kapena zingapo zomwe zili ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikupangitsa kutulutsa insulin.

Yang'anani! Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zamkaka kumathandizira kuti amasulidwe a insulin kuposa chakudya chamafuta, koma samayambitsa mafuta. Vutoli limatchedwa "insulin paradox". Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti ngakhale ali ndi insulin yayikulu, zinthu zamkaka sizimapangitsa kunenepa kwambiri, ndipo kuphatikiza kwa chimanga ndi mkaka kumakulitsa chakudya chopatsa mphamvu. Mkaka wophatikizidwa ndi chidutswa cha mkate umachulukitsa index ya insulin mpaka 65%, ndipo ukagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi pasitala umatha kufikira 280%, pomwe kwenikweni sukukhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Mankhwala okhala ndi insulin

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1, mankhwala okhala ndi insulin ndi ofunikira. Komabe, pafupifupi 40% ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 nawonso amalandila mankhwala ofanana. Matenda ena amatha kuthana ndi insulin, chimodzi mwazizindikiro zomwe zimakhala zovuta pakupanga insulin.

Malinga ndi njira yopangira, mankhwala amaphatikizidwa:

• Zamoyo zachilengedwe zopanga insulin,
• mwapang'onopang'ono - insulini yopangidwa kuchokera ku mahomoni aumunthu imapangidwanso kudzera muubinjini,
• analogue yathunthu.

Kupita patsogolo kwa kafukufuku wopanga mahomoni amunthu zakhudza kwambiri kuchepetsedwa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito insulin ya nyama, yomwe idasiyanitsidwa ndi amino acid m'modzi. Homoni ya nkhumba idagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira pang'ono maselo a insulin yaumunthu potenga amino acid.

Insulin yopangidwa ndi majini ndi yapamwamba kwambiri. Pofuna kuchipeza, gawo la majini amunthu omwe amapanga timadzi tating'onoting'ono limafanana ndi mitundu ya zikhalidwe za yisiti, pambuyo pake amayamba kupanga insulin. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwaulemu ukulu wothandizira kunathandiza kupeza mankhwala omwe amasinthidwa kwambiri kuti agwire ntchito mthupi, popanda mavuto ndi kutsitsidwa.

Kusiyanasiyana kwa mankhwala omwe ali ndi insulin:

Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mankhwala akhale ndi thanzi labwino ndikutsatira kwa njira ya insulin. Mwa njira zonse, njira yothandiza kwambiri yolowetsera insulin m'magazi a munthu ndikugwiritsa ntchito syringe ya insulin. Komabe, ndikosavuta komanso kosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito cholembera chokhala ndi chosungira pokonzekera insulin, dongosolo la jakisoni ndi singano.

Kwa jakisoni wothandizirana, mankhwalawa amaperekedwa pansi pa khungu (pama milandu osafunikira). Mkhalidwe woyamba wa jekeseni wopambana ndikuti mankhwala osakhalitsa amafunikira kuperekedwa pansi pa minofu yamafuta am'mimba, ndipo pakakhala mankhwala omwe ali ndi gawo lalitali lochita, jakisoni amaponyedwa mu minyewa ya brachial kapena yachikazi. Mkhalidwe wachiwiri ndikuti singano imayilidwa mwakuya pakhungu losanjikizidwa pakona madigiri 45. Chachitatu - tsamba la jakisoni liyenera kusinthidwa tsiku ndi tsiku.

Kukonzekera kwa insulin kwakanthawi kochepa

Kukonzekera kwa insulin kotereku kumachokera pa yankho la makulidwe a insulin ndi zinc. Amasiyanitsidwa ndikuti amagwira ntchito mthupi la munthu pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, koma amangoletsa ntchito yawo mwachangu. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ayenera kudyetsedwa mwachisawawa kapena mu mnofu mphindi makumi atatu chakudya chisanayambe, kuti thupi lithe kuchotsa bwino zinthu zofunika mu chakudya. Zambiri pazotsatira za mankhwalawa zimachitika maola angapo mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito. Mlingo wa insulin wa nthawi yocheperako nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala ena okhala ndi insulin.

Mankhwala

Kukonzekera kwa insulin kumeneku kumawonongeka nthawi yayitali ndipo kumakhala m'matumbo a munthu. Pang'onopang'ono amalowa mumtsinje wamagazi, chifukwa chake zotsatira za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwalawa zimawonjezereka poyerekeza ndi mnzake waposachedwa. Nthawi zambiri, m'magulu azachipatala amagwiritsa ntchito NPH - insulin, yomwe imakhala ndi yankho la makristasi omwewo a insulin ndi zinc ndi kuwonjezera kwa protamine, kapena Lente insulin - kutengera njira yomwe ingaphatikizidwe ndi insulin ndi zinc ndi amorphous insulin.

Kukonzekera komweku kumapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito insulin ya anthu kapena ya munthu. Kusiyanako ndikuti mahomoni amunthu, mosiyana ndi chinyama, amatha kugwidwa ndi hydrophobicity, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitha kulumikizana ndi zinki ndi protamine.

Pofuna kupewa zovuta, kugwiritsa ntchito insulin ya nthawi yayitali kuyenera kuyendetsedwa ndi wodwala, osapitirira jekeseni limodzi kapena awiri mu maola 24. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa kampaniyo ndi insulin yocheperako kumalimbikitsidwa, komwe kumapangitsa kuti mapuloteni ndi zinc zizikhala bwino, motero zimachepetsa kuyamwa kwa insulin yochepa.

Yang'anani! Mankhwalawa amatha kusakanizidwa palokha, malinga ndi kuchuluka koyenera, komabe, ngati palibe kutsimikiza pazomwe zikuchitikazo, ndibwino kuti mugule kale mankhwala osakanizidwa kale.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwa nthawi yayitali

Gulu la insulin limakonzekera ndi kapangidwe kamene kamalola kuti kamvedwe pang'onopang'ono momwe mungathere kulowa mumagazi a thupi, ndipo limagwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali. Chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali, kuchuluka kwa glucose ndi insulin m'magazi kumakhala kosavuta tsiku lonse. Mankhwala sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopitilira kamodzi kapena kawiri maola 24 ali ndi Mlingo wosankhidwa payekha. Sizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito limodzi ndi ma insulin osakhalitsa komanso apakati.

Ndi mankhwala ati omwe ali oyenera kwa wodwala ndipo mulingo wofanana umatsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala, poganizira mawonekedwe onse a thupi la wodwalayo, kuchuluka kwa matendawo komanso kupezeka kwa zovuta zilizonse zobwera chifukwa cha zovuta zina. Mlingo wofananira umatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyendetsa shuga pambuyo pobayira jakisoni.

Insulin, yopangidwa mwabwinobwino ndi kapamba, iyenera kupangidwa mwa kuchuluka kwa magawo 30 mpaka 40 patsiku. Ndichizindikiro ichi kuti munthu wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kutsatira. Komabe, pamaso pa kukanika kwa pancreatic, mlingo umatha kufalikira kuchokera ku 30 mpaka 50 magawo patsiku, ndipo magawo awiri mwa atatu a mlingo uyenera kumwedwa m'mawa. Gawo lotsalalo limayambitsidwa madzulo osati kale chakudya.

Yang'anani! Wodwala akatembenuka ndikugwiritsa ntchito insulin ya nyama kupita kwa munthu, mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa mankhwalawo uyenera kuchepetsedwa. Izi ndichifukwa chabwinoko, poyerekeza ndi mahomoni a nyama, kutsekeka kwa insulin ya anthu.

Pafupifupi pafupi kwambiri, asayansi amabwera pakupanga insulin mwanjira ya mapiritsi. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi kumayendetsedwa ndi chiwindi, ndipo ngati munthu akudwala ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga, ndiye kuti akabayidwa ndi insulin, chiwindi sichitenga nawo gawo pokonzekera. Zotsatira zake, zovuta zingapo, matenda omwe akukhudza ntchito ndi thanzi la mtima. Izi ndi zomwe zidapangitsa asayansi kupanga piritsi la insulin.

Ubwino wa njirayi ndi:

• mosiyana ndi jakisoni, munthu amakhala wopanda chilichonse chokhudza kupweteka kwa jakisoni, chomwe sichofunikira kwenikweni pakulipira ana,
• nthawi ya zochita ikuwonjezeka,
• wopanda chithumwa kapena kuvutitsa jakisoni,
• Kutheka kwa bongo kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, chifukwa chiwindi ndi chomwe chimayambitsa kutulutsa kwa insulin m'magazi, ndikuwongolera njirayi.

Tsoka ilo, sizinatheke kupewa zophophonya. Chithandizo chotere chimayambitsa nkhawa komanso kupsinjika kwa kapamba. Koma ngakhale yankho lavutoli, ndi nthawi yayitali, popeza maphunziro akupita, zotsatira zake zimayenera kufikitsa kapamba ndi kutsegulira kwake panthawi yakudya, popewa ntchito yake yosalekeza.

Chowopsa china ndi kusakhalapo kwakanthawi komanso mtengo wokwanira wa mankhwalawa, popeza mpaka pano amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesera mankhwala. Kuchepetsa, koma osachepera, ndiko kusamwa kosafunikira kwa mapiritsi a chiwindi, mtima dongosolo, pamaso pa zilonda zam'mimba ndi urolithiasis.