Zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso zakudya za matenda amtundu woyamba 1

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga a shuga ndi matenda a kapamba komwe kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi matenda a metabolic. Matendawa ndiofala kwambiri ndipo amagwirizanitsidwa ndi moyo wina. Mtundu wachiwiri wa odwala matenda ashuga amatchera khutu ku zomwe amadya ndi kumwa. Zakudya za shuga ziyenera kukhala zowotcha shuga ndi hypocaloric. Mwambiri, chifukwa cha kukonzanso kwa zakudya kuti ndikotheka kusintha shuga m'magazi. Onani nkhaniyi mwatsatanetsatane.

Mtengo wazakudya

Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri amadziwika ndi mankhwala amakono ngati matenda amachokera ku njira yosayenera: kusuta, kukhala chete, kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa, zina mwa zakudya zamtundu wa shuga. matenda.

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi shuga ziyenera kubwezeretsa kagayidwe kazakudya zam'mimba ndi lipids m'thupi.

Menyu yosankhidwa bwino imakuthandizani kuti muchepetse kunenepa, muchepetse kukana insulini, chotsani kuperewera kwa insulin, komwe nthawi zambiri kumayamba chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri kwamitundu 2.

Kuphatikiza apo, zakudya zomwe zimakudya zimachepetsa shuga kulowa m'magazi, zomwe sizingayambitse kwambiri glycemia mutatha kudya.

Mfundo zaumoyo

Zakudya za matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri ndi pulogalamu ya tsiku ndi tsiku yokhala ndi zakudya zoyenera kwa zaka zambiri za moyo. Mu matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri, zakudya ndi mankhwala, motero ndikofunikira kuti musamayang'anire zakudya zanu ndikuzitsatira. Chifukwa cha zakudya zoyenera ndikutsatira malangizo onse, mutha kupeza zotsatira zoyenera ndikupewa zovuta.

Malamulo akulu azakudya za matenda a shuga a 2 ndi awa:

• kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta, ndiko kuti, zakudya ziyenera kukhala zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri,
• chakudya chizikhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu zopatsa mphamvu,
• chakudya chizikhala ndi mavitamini okwanira ndi zosakaniza zabwino,
• Chakudya chizikhala chokwanira,
• kuchuluka kwa chakudya kuyenera kuyenderana ndi moyo wa wodwala, ndiye kuti, mphamvu zake zimafunikira.

Muyezo wazopeza zamafuta owonjezera thupi patsiku

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi kwa shuga komanso zakudya zamagulu ochepa zimapatsa chidwi kuti wodwala azisamalira kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri choperekedwa patsiku. Kuyeza chakudya chamagulu azakudya kunyumba kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake akatswiri azakudya adapanga gawo loyesa, lomwe amalitcha "mkate". Podziwa kufunikira kwake, mutha kuwerengera kuchuluka kwamafuta omwe adyedwa ndi omwe ma carbohydrate amatha kusinthidwa ndi enanso.

Gawo la mkate limaphatikizapo pafupifupi 15 g. chakudya cham'mimba. Imatha kuwonjezera shuga zomwe zili mthupi ndi 2.8 mmol / L ndikuchepetsa, insulin mu magawo awiri adzafunika.

Kudziwa kukula kwa mkatewo kumathandiza kuti anthu odwala matenda ashuga apange bwino matenda a shuga, makamaka ngati wodwala amalandira chithandizo cha insulin. Kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe yatengedwa kuyenera kufanana ndi zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa, apo ayi pakhoza kukhala owonjezera, kapena,, kusowa kwa shuga, ndiye kuti, hyperclimia kapena hypoclimia.

Masana, munthu wodwala matenda a shuga amayenera kupeza mikate 20 - 25 yokha. Iyenera kugawidwa moyenerera pazakudya zonse, koma yambiri imayenera kudya m'mawa. Nthawi yam'mawa, nkhomaliro komanso chakudya chamadzulo, timalimbikitsidwa kudya pafupifupi 3 - 5, pomwe zakudya zokhwasula-khwasula 1 - 2 mayunitsi. M'pofunika kuganizira zakudya zonse zodyedwa ndi zoledzera patsiku. Mwachitsanzo, mkate umodzi umafanana ndi theka kapu ya buckwheat kapena oatmeal, apulo imodzi yapakatikati, mitengo iwiri yamtengo wapatali, etc.

Pofuna kuti musasokonezeke, werengani nkhaniyi yokhudza udindo wamafuta amthupi kwa munthu.

Zololedwa ndi Zoletsedwa

Odwala matenda ashuga, makamaka iwo omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wachiwiri, ayenera kumvetsetsa bwino zakudya zomwe amaloledwa kuphatikiza ndi zakudya zawo, ndi ziti zomwe ziyenera kusiyidwa kwathunthu.

• masamba (zukini, mbatata, kaloti),
• chimanga (mpunga, chakudya chochuluka),
• buledi wabwinoko
• mkate wa chinangwa
• mazira
• nyama yokonda, nsomba ndi nkhuku (nkhuku, nkhumba, nkhuku, ng'ombe),
• nyemba (nandolo),
• pasitala
• zipatso (mitundu ina ya maapulo, zipatso za zipatso),
• zipatso (red currant),
• mkaka ndi mkaka wowawasa (yogati yachilengedwe, kefir, tchizi chanyumba),
• tiyi wakuda, wobiriwira,
• khofi, chicory,
• timadziti, decoctions,
• batala, masamba,
• viniga, phala la phwetekere limaloledwa pakati pa zonunkhira
• zotsekemera (sorbitol).

Ndikwabwino kuphika chakudya kunyumba, nokha, kuti muziwongolera zomwe mumadya. Msuzi uyenera kuphatikizidwa muzakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi bwino ngati ali ndiwo zamasamba kapena nyama yofooka, msuzi wa nsomba.

Zakudya zololedwa ziyenera kudyedwa mosamala, simuyenera kukonda chakudya kwambiri, chilichonse chiyenera kukhala choperewera, kuwonjezera apo, zakudya zina zololedwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga zilibe malire.

Mitundu ina ya zinthu itha kukhala yoletsedwa kapena kuloledwa ndi madokotala, malingaliro awo ayenera kuganiziridwa.

Zoletsa pazololedwa:

1. zinthu zophika buledi zimaloledwa mu 300 - 350 gr. patsiku
2. msuzi wa nyama ndi nsomba suyenera kudyedwa koposa kawiri pa sabata,
3. kuchuluka kwa mazira patsiku ndi 2, pomwe ndikofunikira kuganizira kuwonjezera paminyezo ina,
4. zipatso ndi zipatso zosaposa 200 gr. patsiku
5. zopangidwa mkaka wowawasa zosaposa magalasi awiri patsiku,
6. mkaka umatha kuledzera mwa mtundu wangwiro kokha ndi chilolezo cha dokotala,
7. kanyumba tchizi ndizochepa 200 gr. patsiku
8. kuchuluka kwa madzi, poganizira msuzi, sayenera kupitirira magalasi asanu patsiku,
9. batala mwanjira iliyonse osapitirira 40 gr. patsiku
10. Ndikofunika kuti muchepetse mchere wambiri.

Zofunika! Chiwerengero chotsimikizika cha mankhwala chimatsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala, zomwe zili pamwambazi ndizoletsa muyezo woyenera.

• maswiti, chokoleti,
• mafuta a batala (masamba okoma, buns),
• uchi uchi
• kupanikizana, kuphatikiza zopangidwa kunyumba
• ayisikilimu
• maswiti osiyanasiyana
• nthochi, mphesa,
• Zipatso zouma - zoumba,
• mafuta
• zonunkhira, zamchere, ndi utsi,
• mankhwala oledzera
• shuga lachilengedwe.

Malamulo azakudya

Madokotala amalimbikitsa kuti azikhala ndi zakudya zofunikira kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Zakudya za matenda ashuga a 2 ziyenera kuyikidwa bwino kuti zisadumphe chakudya, ndipo kuchuluka kwawo kunali kasanu kapena kasanu ndi kamodzi patsiku. Makulidwe otumikirapo azikhala ochepa, osati akulu. Kupuma pakati pa chakudya sikuyenera kupitirira maola atatu.

Chakudya cham'mawa sichiyenera kutsegulidwa mulimonsemo, chifukwa ndikuthokoza chakudya cham'mawa kuti metabolism m'thupi imakhazikitsidwa tsiku lonse, ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa matenda ashuga amtundu uliwonse. Monga zakudya, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zopepuka komanso zopatsa thanzi - zipatso, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Chakudya chomaliza, kapena chachiwiri, chimayenera kukonzedwa maola awiri asanagone usiku.

Zosankha zazitsanzo za matenda a shuga a 2

Pali njira zambiri zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito pazakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga, koma mutha kugwiritsa ntchito imodzi kapena ziwiri zokha, zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuti muzolowere kudya kumene. Kuti chakudya chizikhala chokwanira nthawi ndi nthawi, ndikofunikira kusintha zinthu zomwezo ndi ena, mwachitsanzo, buckwheat ndi chimanga, oat, etc. Timapereka kwa inu chakudya mndandanda wa tsikulo, womwe mungathe kuphatikiza mukudya kwanu a shuga.

• Chakudya cham'mawa. Kutumikira kwa oatmeal, mandimu a lalanje.
• Zakudya. Mapichesi angapo kapena ma apricots.
• Chakudya chamadzulo Msuzi wa chimanga, saladi watsopano wa masamba, magawo ochepa a mkate wakuda, tiyi wokhala ndi mkaka.
• Chakudya chamadzulo. Mwatsopano kabichi saladi ndi masamba mafuta.
• Chakudya chamadzulo Masamba ophika, buledi wa bulauni, zikondamoyo za curd, tiyi wobiriwira.
• Asanagone - yogati.

• Chakudya cham'mawa. Hercules phala, karoti ndi apulo saladi, compote.
• Zakudya. Kaloti watsopano mu mawonekedwe a saladi.
• Chakudya chamadzulo Msuzi wa anyezi, nsomba casserole, vinaigrette, mkate, khofi ndi chicory.
• Chakudya chamadzulo. Zukini amapaka zidutswa zochepa, phwetekere.
• Chakudya chamadzulo Patties nyama yofinya, masamba osakira masamba, kagawo ka mkate wakuda, compote wopanda shuga.
• Musanagone - yogati yachilengedwe yokhala ndi zipatso.

Zakudya za calorie sizingakhale zopanda malire ngati munthu san wonenepa kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi pokana mafuta osavuta komanso kuwona zakudya zopatsa thanzi.

Chifukwa Chiyani Zakudya za Matenda A shuga

Mabuku ambiri adalembedwa za matenda ashuga. Ndipo mulibe m'modzi mwa iwo kuti mfundo yokhala ndi vuto la shuga ndi imodzi mwazithandizo zamatenda oyenera amuna ndi akazi. Kupatula apo, matenda a shuga ndi endocrine matenda omwe amagwirizana mwachindunji ndi amodzi ofunika kwambiri mahomoni m'thupi - insulin. Insulin imapangidwa mu kapamba ndipo ndiyofunikira kupopera kwa glucose kudzera m'mimba.

Monga mukudziwa, chakudya chilichonse chimakhala ndi zinthu zitatu zikuluzikulu - mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya. Zinthu zonsezi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri, koma zopatsa mphamvu zamafuta (shuga) ndizofunikira kwambiri. Ndi ma carbohydrate omwe ndi gwero lalikulu lamphamvu m'maselo a thupi la munthu. Makamaka, ndi chinthu chimodzi chokha chomwe chimagwira ntchito iyi - glucose, yomwe ili m'gulu la monosaccharides. Mitundu ina ya mafuta osavuta osinthika amasinthidwa kukhala glucose mwanjira ina kapena ina. Zakudya zomanga thupi zonga izi zimaphatikizapo fructose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, ndi wowuma. Pomaliza, pali ma polysaccharides omwe samamwa konse m'mimba. Zinthu zoterezi zimaphatikizapo ma pectins, cellulose, hemicellulose, chingamu, dextrin.

Glucose imatha kulowa molunjika m'maselo a thupi pokhapokha ngati ma neuron - ma cell aubongo. Nthawi zina, shuga pamafunika mtundu wa "fungulo". Ili ndiye "kiyi" ndipo ndi insulin. Puloteni iyi imamangiriza zofunikira zina pamakoma a cell, ndikupanga glucose amatha kugwira ntchito yake.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga ndi kuphwanya kwamakina awa. Mtundu woyamba wa shuga, pali kusowa kwenikweni kwa insulin. Izi zikutanthauza kuti glucose amataya "fungulo" la insulin ndipo sangathe kulowa m'maselo. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa nthawi zambiri zimakhala matenda a kapamba, chifukwa chomwe kuphatikiza kwa insulin kumatsika kwambiri kapena ngakhale kugwera mpaka ku zero.

Mtundu 2 wa shuga, chitsulo chimapanga insulin yokwanira. Chifukwa chake, shuga amakhala ndi "fungulo" lomwe limalola kuti ilowe m'maselo. Komabe, sangachite izi chifukwa choti "loko "yo ndi yolakwika - ndiye kuti, maselo alibe mapuloteni ena omwe amapezeka ndi insulin. Vutoli limakonda kukula pang'onopang'ono ndipo limayambitsa zifukwa zambiri, kuyambira mafuta ochulukirapo m'thupi mpaka kufika pakubadwa. Ndi chitukuko cha matenda a m'magazi, thupi limatha kuyamba kumva kuperewera kwambiri kwa insulin.

Zinthu zonsezi sizibweretsera munthu chilichonse chabwino. Choyamba, glucose yemwe sanalowe m'maselo amayambika kudziunjikira m'magazi, amawayika m'misempha yosiyanasiyana, ndikuwawononga. Kachiwiri, thupi limayamba kusowa mphamvu zomwe amayenera kuti adalandira kuchokera ku shuga.

Kodi chakudya chingathandize bwanji pazochitika zonsezi? Cholinga chake ndi kuwonjezera chithandizo cha matenda ashuga, komanso momwe mungathere kukonza zovuta zama metabolic.

Choyamba, ndikukhazikika kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa glucose mosalephera kumabweretsa chiwopsezo chachikulu cha ziwalo zosiyanasiyana. Choyamba, matenda ashuga amakhudza mitsempha yamagazi, magazi amayenderera, chifukwa chake njira zotupa ndi ma necrotic mu minofu zimawonedwa, chitetezo chochepa chimachepa. Zovuta zingapo ndizotheka zomwe zingawopseze wodwalayo ndi zotsatira zakupha - kugunda kwa mtima, stroko, gangren.

Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga oyamba, choyambirira, ziyenera kukhala ndi cholinga chokhazikika pamlingo wamafuta m'magazi. Popeza ndi matenda amtunduwu, wodwalayo amakakamizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yovomerezeka, kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amaperekedwa ndi chakudya kuyenera kufanana ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose omwe insulin ingayende. Kupanda kutero, ngati pali insulin yochulukirapo kapena yaying'ono, onse a hyperglycemic (omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi shuga wambiri) ndi hypoglycemic (omwe amagwirizana ndi shuga wochepa) zinthu zimatheka. Komanso, hypoglycemia mu shuga mellitus, monga lamulo, siyocheperapo, kapenanso owopsa kuposa hyperglycemia. Kupatula apo, shuga ndiye gwero lokha lamphamvu laubongo, ndipo kusowa kwake kwa magazi kumatha kubweretsa vuto lalikulu kwambiri monga hypoglycemic coma.

Ngati mwapezeka ndi matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti chakudyacho sichiyenera kutsatira kwa masiku angapo, koma kwa moyo wanu wonse, chifukwa pakadali pano palibe njira zochiritsira matendawa. Komabe, izi sizitanthauza kuti wodwalayo adzalandidwa kwamuyaya chisangalalo cholandiridwa ndi chakudya chake wokondedwa. Zakudya zoyenera, komanso kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndi insulin, zimathandizira kukhazikika kwa matendawa, ndipo pamenepa, munthu amatha kupereka ufulu wina pakudya. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi zakudya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kagayidwe kazake azikhala, ndiye maziko a anti-matenda a shuga. Inde, kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala wowerengeka kumatha, koma pokhapokha ngati chilolezo chalandira.

Kodi zakudya zopangira shuga zizipangidwa bwanji?

Njira zochizira matenda ashuga sizitsutsidwa masiku ano ndi katswiri aliyense. Zakudya za odwala matenda a shuga zimapangidwira poganizira mtundu wa shuga (1 kapena 2), mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo, kuchuluka kwa chitukuko cha matenda am'mimba, matenda opatsirana, kuchuluka kwa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, mankhwala omwe wodwala amatenga, etc.

Makonda azakudya

Anthu onse ali ndi zizolowezi zakudya zokhazikika komanso zakudya zomwe amakonda. Popanga chakudya, wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuganizira izi.

Zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kudya payekha ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukonzekera zakudya zodwala. Simungotenga chilichonse chomwe munthu wadya kale ndikusintha ndi magawo osiyanasiyana. Ndikofunikira kusintha zakudya zomwe munthu amakhala nazo, ndikuchotsa zovulaza. Ndikofunika kwambiri kutsatira mfundo iyi pochiza matenda mwa ana, chifukwa munthu wamkulu amatha kudzikakamiza, komanso kunyengerera mwana kuti adye zomwe sizimusangalatsa kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Komanso, palibe chifukwa chobwera ndi maphikidwe alionse apakudya odwala matenda ashuga, chifukwa pali maphikidwe odziwika omwe amatsatira mokwanira zofuna za patebulo la zakudya.

Zambiri za chitukuko cha tebulo la antidiabetes kwa azimayi oyembekezera

Kwa amayi omwe ali ndi pakati, zakudya zapadera ndizofunikira, kutengera mawonekedwe a thupi la wodwalayo. Ndikofunika kuti njira yoperekedwa kwa mayi woyembekezera siyingawononge thanzi lake lokha, komanso thanzi la mwana wake wosabadwa. M'dongosolo loterolo la zakudya, amayi ayenera kulandira zakudya zonse zofunika kuti mwana akule.

Zambiri za Zakudya za Matenda A shuga

Zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga zimathandizanso kwambiri. Komabe, malingaliro a akatswiri azakudya zamagulu amtundu wa zakudya pazomwe zimafunikira kudya chakudya cha odwala matenda ashuga amasiyana. Sukulu yachikhalidwe ya odwala matenda ashuga ndi lingaliro kuti ngati munthu adya kangapo patsiku la 5-6 patsiku, ndiye kuti izi zimapereka chithandizo chambiri. Masana pakhale zakudya zazikulu zitatu (tikulankhula za m'mawa, chakudya chamadzulo ndi chakudya chamadzulo). Kulandila kulikonse kumatha kukhala ndi mbale 2-3. Komanso, wodwalayo amatha kupanga zodyera ziwiri kapena zitatu, zopangidwa ndi 1 mbale, masana.Ndikofunika kupangira zakudya kuti chakudya chizitenga tsiku lililonse nthawi yomweyo.

Chakudya chilichonse chimayenera kukhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu zingapo. Ma calorie onse ayenera kugawidwa ngati awa:

• pa kadzutsa - 25%,
• pa kadzutsa chachiwiri - 10-15%,
• nthawi ya nkhomaliro - 25-30%,
• masana - 5-10%,
• pa chakudya chamadzulo - 20-25%,
• pa chakudya chachiwiri - 5-10%,

Koma palinso otsatira omwe amawona kuti ndibwino kuti wodwalayo adye chakudya kawiri masana kuti asapangitse katundu wambiri ku kapamba. Malingaliro omwe ali ponseponse ndikuti ndibwino kupangitsa munthu kudya zakudya zamafuta ochulukirapo makamaka m'mawa.

Nayi malamulo ochepa opangidwa ndi odwala matenda ashuga kuti muwonjezere achire:

• ndikofunikira kuti munthu adye kwa nthawi yotsiriza pasanathe maola atatu asanagone,
• mukamadya, zakudya zamafuta ambiri ziyenera kukhala pamndandanda,
• Ngati munthu adya maswiti ochepa, ndibwino kuti muwadye pachakudya chachikulu, osati monga chakudya, chifukwa m'masiku otsiriza pamakhala kuchuluka kowopsa kwa shuga m'magazi,
• wodwala sayenera kudya atangochita zolimbitsa thupi, atapanikizika,
• ndikofunikira kuti munthu adye pang'ono, apewe kudya kwambiri ndikusiya patebulo ndikumva njala yochepa.

Maphwando a Zakudya Zodwala

Matenda a shuga amafunikira zoletsa zambiri, ndipo madokotala ena amaletsa odwala awo kuchita nawo maphwando, chifukwa, monga lamulo, amakhala limodzi ndi kudya kwambiri komanso kudya kwambiri zakudya zama carb. Komabe, sikuti nthawi zonse pamakhala njira yolondola imeneyi. Simungakakamize munthu kuti azidya nthawi zonse kunyumba, osapita kumalesitilanti, malo odyera, alendo, kapena alendo. Choyamba, ndizosatheka, ndipo chachiwiri, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kudya sikumangokhala ndi thupi lokha, komanso gawo lazachikhalidwe.

Kunyalanyaza izi kumabweretsa kuti wodwalayo amasiya kutsatira zakudya zake ndikuyang'anira dongosolo lazakudya. Izi zimanyalanyaza mphamvu yonse yakuchiritsa. Chifukwa chake, yankho lolondola silikhala loletsa, koma kuphunzitsa wodwalayo maluso kuti adziwe kuopsa kwa zinthu ndikuzisintha ndi zina zoyenera. Komabe, ngati wodwalayo akuchita nawo phwando, ndiye kuti ayenera kukana kumwa mowa. Inde, ngakhale munthu adya moyenera, kumwa mowa kumatha kuyeserera kuyesayesa kwake konse. Mowa wa Ethyl umasokoneza kagayidwe kazinthu zazikulu za chakudya (mapuloteni, zakudya zamafuta ndi mafuta), umapangitsa magwiridwe antchito ofunikira kwambiri (makamaka chiwindi), ndipo ungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa matendawa.

Zambiri zophika komanso zoletsedwa njira zophikira

Zakudya zopangidwa moyenera ziyenera kuganizira njira yophika. Kutentha kwakanthawi sikulimbikitsidwa. Chifukwa chake, mbale zonse ziyenera kuwiritsa kapena kuwotcha. Kumbukirani kuti chithandizo cha kutentha chimawonjezera index ya glycemic.

Zakudya zokazika, zowaza kwambiri, chakudya chothilidwa, ndizoletsedwa. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mayonesi, ketchup, msuzi mukaphika mbale.

Zogulitsa zomwe zimakhala ndi wowuma kwambiri ndizabwino kusawiritsa kapena kupera, chifukwa wowuma simalowedwa mosavuta mutapangidwa. Chifukwa chake, mbatata ndizowiritsa bwino kwambiri mu peel, ndipo mbewu monga chimanga sizifunikira kugaya.

Zakudya siziyenera kutumizidwa kuzizira kapena kutentha, koma ndi kutentha kwa + 15-66 ° С.

Kodi mndandanda wamtundu wa glycemic ndi chiyani

Pazakudya zambiri za anthu odwala matenda ashuga, lingaliro la glycemic index (GI) limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Mawuwa amatanthauza kuthekera kwa zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa shuga. Chizindikirochi sichili chofanana ndi magawo monga zakudya zamapangidwe azakudya ndi zopatsa mphamvu. Mokulira pamlingo wamatumbo, msanga shuga umakwera msanga. Monga lamulo, ndi mafuta ochulukirapo ofanana m'magulu angapo, GI ndiwokwera kwambiri komwe gawo la mafuta osavuta limakhala lapamwamba ndipo zomwe zimakhala ndi ulusi wazomera ndizotsika. GI yotsika ndi 40 imawonedwa ngati yotsika, pafupifupi 40 mpaka 70, komanso yokwera kuposa 70. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kulingalira za GI kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin komanso omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la matenda ashuga a 2. Chifukwa chake, GI ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikiza zakudya zoyenera.

Mndandanda womwe uli pansipa ukuonetsa mndandanda wazakudya zosiyanasiyana.

Zakudya Zosiyanasiyana Type 1 Zakudya

Zakudya zosankhidwa bwino za matenda amishuga amtundu 1 sizofunikira kwenikweni monga kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi insulin.

Pakadali pano, madokotala amakhulupirira kuti ngati matenda omwe amapezeka chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito insulini nthawi zonse, sikofunikira kuti muchepetse kudya zakudya zamagulu ochepa, chifukwa izi zimatha kudzetsa kuchepa kwa shuga (hypoglycemic comas) komanso kulekerera kwa shuga.

Komabe, ndikofunikira kuti wodwalayo asunge zonse zamankhwala omwe amatsatsa tsiku lililonse. Kuti achepetse ntchitoyi, akatswiri a matenda ashuga afunsira gawo lapadera loyezera kuchuluka kwa chakudya mu chakudya - mkate mkate (XE). Gawo la mkate ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chokhala ndi 25 g mkate. 25 g wa mkate ndi theka lagawo la mkate wodulidwa kuchokera ku njerwa za mkate. Ponena za chakudya mgulu limodzi, XE imafanana ndi pafupifupi 12 g shuga. Zakudya zina zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chamagulu amakhalanso ndi XE.

Amakhulupirira kuti 1 XE imachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi pafupifupi 2.8 mmol / L. Pali chikhalidwe china XE, chomwe wodwala amayenera kutsatira tsiku lonse. Imawerengedwa payekhapayekha kwa wodwala aliyense. Mtengo uwu suyenera kupitilizidwa. Pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, muyezo wa tsiku lililonse wa XE umachokera ku 7 mpaka 28. Ndipo mu chakudya chimodzi sayenera kukhala ndi oposa 7 XE (pafupifupi 80 g wama chakudya). Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa chakudya chazopezeka masana kuyenera kufanana ndi kuchuluka kwa insulini yolowa mthupi. Ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti zochita za insulin zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi nthawi ya tsiku. Mutha kuwona zomwe zili mu XE pamatafura apadera.

Mndandanda womwe uli pansipa ukuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa chimanga ndi ufa wa zinthu zokhala ndi 1 XE.

Mndandanda womwe uli pansipa ukuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa zipatso ndi zipatso zomwe zili ndi 1 XE.

Mndandanda womwe uli pansipa uwonetsa kuchuluka kwa masamba omwe ali ndi 1 XE.

Mndandanda womwe uli pansipa ukuwonetsa unyinji wazinthu zina zomwe zili ndi 1 XE.

Mndandanda womwe uli pansipa ukuonetsa kuchuluka kwa zakumwa zomwe zili ndi 1 XE.

Mphamvu yakukonzekera 1 XE ndi insulin imasiyanasiyana kutengera nthawi ya tsiku. Insulin yochulukirapo (mayunitsi 2.0) imafunika m'mawa, zochepa (1.5 magawo) masana, komanso ngakhale zochepa (1 unit) madzulo.

Ndingadye chiyani ndi shuga yodalira insulin popanda zoletsa zazikulu? Mndandandawu uyenera kuphatikizapo zakudya zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ochepa. Choyamba, awa ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe XE sizikhudzidwa.

• nkhaka
• squash,
• zukini
• amadyera (sorelo, sipinachi, letesi, chives),
• bowa
• Tomato
• radishi
• tsabola
• kabichi (kolifulawa ndi yoyera).

Zakumwa za shuga, tiyi wokoma, mandimu, mandala ndizoletsedwa.

Pambuyo podzuka m'mawa, akamwe zoziziritsa kukhosi amafunikira insulin isanalowetsedwe kuti asagwere kwambiri m'magazi a shuga.

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 ndi matenda oopsa omwe amawopseza ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri monga vuto la hypoglycemic lomwe limachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa insulin komanso kusowa kwa shuga. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kangapo patsiku. Ndipo ngati mulingo watsikira kwambiri (pansi pa 4 mmol / L), ndiye kuti muyenera kutenga piritsi ya glucose.

Kutsata insulin zochita nthawi

Pali mitundu ingapo ya insulini yomwe imasiyana nthawi isanayambike komanso nthawi yochitapo kanthu. Ngati wodwala agwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo ya insulini nthawi imodzi, ndiye kuti izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa mukamakoka zakudya.

Magawo a insulin kanthu amadaliranso mtundu wake.

Zomwe zimapatsa thanzi odwala matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2

Matenda a shuga a Type 2 amakula pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa chake, odwala, monga lamulo, saopsezedwa ndi vuto la hyperglycemic ndi hypoglycemic chifukwa cholakwa pakudya. Koma izi, mwachidziwikire, sizitanthauza kuti ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, wodwalayo amatha kudya chilichonse chomwe angafune. Mtundu wa zakudya za matenda a shuga a mtundu wachi 2 sayenera kukhala wokhwimitsa zinthu kuposa matenda a shuga omwe amadalira shuga. Komabe, kupatuka kwakanthawi ndi chizolowezi, kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi mitundu iwiri ya matenda ashuga, monga lamulo, amaloledwa, ndipo osaphatikizira zovuta zoyipa. Njira yayikulu yazakudya chamagulu amishuga yachiwiri ndiyo kuletsa kudya kwamphamvu zamafuta, makamaka zosavuta. Nthawi zambiri, zakudya za mtundu wachiwiri za matenda ashuga ziyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, m'magawo owopsa a matendawa - ndikuyambitsa insulin.

Ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa pakati pazakudya zomwe zimapangidwira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, kukhala ndi thupi labwino, komanso kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kulemera kwakukulu. Poyamba, ma calories samachepetsedwa, ndipo chachiwiri, zopatsa mphamvu zimachepetsedwa.

Kusintha kwamphamvu sikuyenera kuyembekezeredwa kuchokera pakusintha kwa zakudya m'masiku ochepa. Monga lamulo, kuyambika kwa achire zotsatira kumatenga milungu ingapo kapena miyezi ingapo.

Mitundu yazakudya zamtundu wa 2 shuga

Anthu omwe adya zakudya zam'mbuyomu adziwa zambiri pochiza matenda ashuga ndi zakudya. Komabe, machitidwe a chithandizo chotere nthawi zambiri amakhala osiyana munjira zina. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale pali kufanana pankhani zazikuluzakudya, zakudya zambiri zimasiyana.

Mitundu yayikulu ya zakudya:

• zakudya zama carb ochepa
• Zakudya zopatsa thanzi zopanda chakudya
• kudya mapuloteni ambiri
• chakudya chamafuta
• zakudya zamasamba
• tebulo nambala 9,
• Zakudya Zam'magazi ku America.

Mndandandandawu umandipatsa zakudya zomwe zimapangidwira makamaka matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira shuga. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo shuga wodalira insulin ndikothekanso. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi zabwino zake komanso zovuta zake.

Mu Soviet diabetesology, njira yomwe katswiri wotchuka wa gastroenterologist M.I. Pevzner adagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Wasayansiyo adalemba zakudya zingapo zomwe zimapangidwira kuchiza matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo matenda a carbohydrate metabolism. Njira yodalirika ya Pevzner ya zakudya zopatsa thanzi ili pansi pa nambala 9 pamndandanda, chifukwa chake ili ndi dzina "tebulo nambala 9". Ili ndi mitundu yopangira odwala omwe ali ndi magawo akulu a shuga, komanso kwa omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga. Pakadali pano, njirayi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri ndipo imayenda bwino. Komabe, maluso opangidwa m'zaka zaposachedwa, makamaka otsika-carb, atchuka kwambiri.

Ponena za njira zosala kudya, sizifunikira kuyikidwa. Masukulu ambiri opatsa thanzi amakana zopindulitsa pakusala kudya shuga.

Ndi zakudya ziti zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa? Kusankha zakudya zofunika ndikofunikira osati modzikakamira, koma mothandizidwa ndi katswiri wazodziwa matenda ashuga, kapena wa endocrinologist. Ndikofunikira kusankha zakudya mwanjira yoti wodwalayo samangowerengera zakudya zomwe adokotala adakhazikitsa, komanso kuti njira yodya, ngakhale kuti pali zoletsa zina, zimakondweretsa munthu. Kupanda kutero, nkotheka kuti munthu sangotsatira zakudya, ndipo zoyesayesa zonse zochizira matendawa zimatsitsidwa.

Njira yodyetsedayi imapezeka paliponse. Imathandizanso osati pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda ashuga (oyamba komanso owopsa), komanso matenda a prediabetes, chifuwa, matenda ogwirizana, mphumu ya bronchial, komanso kunenepa kwambiri.

Zakudya zamtundu wa 2 shuga zimagwira ntchito ziwiri zazikulu - zimakhazikitsa kagayidwe kazakudya ndipo zimalepheretsa zovuta zam'magazi a lipid. Zakudya zamafuta osavuta ndizochepa kwambiri, ndipo zovuta zamankhwala (CHIKWANGWANI), m'malo mwake, zimaphatikizidwa muzakudya zochuluka.

Maziko a zakudya patebulo 9 ndi masamba ndi zakudya zamafuta ochepa. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu ambiri osayenera kupitirira 300 g patsiku. Kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni kumafanana ndi mtundu wachilengedwe (80 g). Pafupifupi theka liyenera kukhala mapuloteni obzala, ndipo pafupifupi theka liyenera kukhala nyama. Mafuta omwe amalimbikitsidwa ndi 90 g. Mwa izi, osachepera 35% ayenera kukhala mumasamba. Kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi omwe amamwetsa patsiku ayenera kukhala osachepera 1.5 malita (kuphatikiza maphunziro oyamba).

Tebulo Na. 9 ili ndi mtundu wina wosinthika. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya cham'magazi zomwe zimasiyanasiyana zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kulemera kwa wodwalayo, msinkhu wake komanso kupezeka kwa matenda oyamba. Komabe, kubwezera kwa njirayo ndikufunika kuwerengera kosatha kwa zinthu zopatsa mphamvu ndi zopatsa mphamvu zamafuta mu zinthu zosiyanasiyana, ndipo kuchita izi sikophweka nthawi zonse.

Ndikofunikanso kukumbukira kuti tebulo No. 9 siliri njira yopangira milungu iwiri kapena kuchepera, iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi, osachepera gawo loyambirira la chithandizo.

Tebulo Nambala 9 kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kulemera kwabwino

Mtengo wowonjezera wa caloric wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa tebulo No. 9 kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kulemera kwabwinoko ndi -2500 kcal.

Zosasiyidwa kumenyu:

• shuga woyengetsa
• kupanikizana, kupanikizana, etc.,
• Confectionery
• ayisikilimu
• zipatso zabwino ndi zipatso zouma,
• mbale zina zokhala ndi shuga woyengetsa.

Kuletsedwa kwakukulu kumabweretsa:

• buledi
• pasitala
• mbatata, beets, kaloti.

Gawo No. 9 la odwala onenepa kwambiri

Ndi kulemera kowonjezereka, zopezeka tsiku ndi tsiku zopatsa mphamvu zimatsika mpaka 1700 kcal (osachepera - 1500 kcal). Kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri patsiku ndi 120 g.

Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri komanso zopatsa mphamvu siziperekedwa kwa iwo:

• batala (batala ndi masamba), margarine ndikufalikira,
• mafuta anyama, masoseji, masoseji,
• tchizi chanyumba, kirimu wowawasa, tchizi wamafuta, zonona,
• mayonesi
• mtedza, mbewu,
• nyama yamafuta.

Table 9b idapangidwa kuti ikhale ndi shuga yayikulu yomwe imadalira insulin, ndipo odwala omwe amalandira mlingo waukulu wa insulin. Mankhwala okwanira tsiku ndi tsiku amawonjezeredwa mpaka 400-450 g. Izi ndichifukwa chakuti ma insulini omwe amalandiridwa ndi wodwala amatha kukonza bwino chakudya chambiri. Amaloledwa kudya mkate wambiri, zipatso ndi mbatata poyerekeza ndi masamba oyambira. Mtengo wamagetsi watsiku ndi tsiku ndi 2700-3100 kcal, kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ndi mafuta ndi 100 g aliyense.Amalimbikitsidwa kusintha shuga ndi zotsekemera.

Zakudya tebulo Baranova

Njirayi imakhazikikidwanso pagometi 9. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kwa iwo omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin. Yambani kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala ochepa. Mtengo wamagetsi watsiku ndi tsiku ndi 2200 kcal, mapuloteni - 120 g, chakudya - 130 g, mafuta - 160 g. Mukakonza momwe ntchito zoyambirira zimayendera, ndikofunikira kutsatira milungu ina iwiri, kenako ndizotheka kuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono zakudya sabata iliyonse mkate.

Malangizo a American Diabetes Association

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za njirayi ndizofanana ndi malingaliro a tebulo No. 9. Imaletsanso zakudya zokhala ndi chakudya chambiri komanso zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya, koma zoletsa zamafuta sizokhwima kwambiri, ndipo kutsimikizika kwakukulu ndikukhazikika pazoyenera pakati pamagulu a mafuta. Makamaka, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mudye mafuta ochulukirapo a polyunsaturated acid, monga omega-3s.

Tebulo lamasamba

Gome la zamasamba limatanthawuza kudya kwa zinthu zokha zamasamba ndi bowa (kupatula zinthu zochepa zamkaka ndi mazira). Njirayi yasonyezedwanso kuti ndi yothandiza pamatenda a shuga omwe samadalira insulin. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti tebulo lamasamba ochepera mafuta ndilothandiza kwambiri kuposa la anti-diabetes. Komanso, tebulo lamasamba kawiri bwino limalepheretsa matenda ashuga omwe amadalira insulin.

Gome la zamasamba limakulitsa chidwi cha insulin, imathandizira kuchepa thupi, komanso imalepheretsa kuyambika kwa metabolic syndrome. Komabe, njirayi ndi yoyenera okhawo achikulire, koma osati achinyamata ndi ana omwe amafunikira mapuloteni ambiri a nyama kuti akule bwino.

Njira ya carb yotsika

Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pochiza matenda ashuga, kuphatikiza pamagawo owopsa, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuchepetsa thupi. Zimaphatikizanso kuletsa kwakanthawi kachulukidwe ka chakudya poyerekeza ndi tebulo lakale No. 9 - zosaposa 30 g (ndipo nthawi zina zochepa) patsiku. Nthawi yomweyo, palibe zoletsa pa kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amwedwa, kapena kuchuluka kwa mchere. Komabe, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthuzi sikuyenera kupitirira zomwe anthu odziwika bwino amakhala nazo. Mbatata, pasitala, mkate, ufa wina ndi zakudya zokhuthala ndizoletsedwa.

Zakudya Zapamwamba kwambiri

Gome limatchulidwanso kuti Diaprokal. Amachepetsa osati kuchuluka kwa chakudya, komanso kuchuluka kwamafuta. M'malo mwake, kutsimikizika kumayikidwa pakudya mapuloteni. Nyama, komabe, ikuyenera kusinthidwa ndi nsomba, nkhuku ndi mkaka. Gawo la mapuloteni ammasamba nawonso ndiwokwera - osachepera 50%. Zakudya zofananira za matenda ashuga zimathandizira kuponderezana, ndipo pamapeto pake zimapangitsa kutsika kwa shuga, komanso kuchepetsa thupi.

Zolemba pakumwa zakudya zosiyanasiyana za shuga

Monga mukudziwa, zakudya zilizonse zabwino zimakhala ndi zinthu zitatu zazikulu - mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya. Zinthu zonsezi ndizofunikira kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito. Komanso, munthu ayenera kulandira zinthu zingapo - mchere, kufufuza zinthu ndi mavitamini.

Zinthu zonse zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu zitha kugawidwa m'magulu anayi:

• chakudya
• mapuloteni
• mafuta
• yokhala ndi zigawo zonse zitatu zazikuluzikulu pafupifupi zofanana.

Gulu loyamba lili ndi:

• chipatso
• masamba
• Zinthu zophika buledi
• pasitala
• chimanga.

Gulu lotsatira ndi nyama, nsomba ndi tchizi chinyumba. Zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri - mafuta (masamba ndi nyama), kirimu wowawasa, zonona. Malonda osamala - mkaka, mazira.

Pazovomerezeka, chakudya chamagulu amapanga pafupifupi 50-60% ya michere yonse. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'mizere, nyemba, masamba, zipatso, ndi zipatso. Glucose owonjezera amayikidwa ngati polima glycogen m'chiwindi ndi minofu. Komabe, izi zimafunikira kuchuluka kwa insulini.

Ngakhale ali ndi gawo lofunikira pakumanga, ma carbohydrate ndiwo gawo lalikulu la vuto la shuga. Chifukwa chake, mwachilengedwe chikhumbo chowachotsa kwathunthu pamenyu. Komabe, pochita izi sizotheka. Chimodzi mwazifukwa zake ndikuti sizophweka kupeza zinthu momwe zingakhalire, ndipo china ndichakuti thupi limafunikabe chakudya chamafuta. Choyamba, izi zimagwira ntchito m'maselo a ubongo, omwe sangathe popanda glucose.

Kuphatikiza apo, zakudya zamafuta ndizosiyana ndi chakudya chamafuta. Zambiri zimatengera mtundu wa wamafuta, kaya zakudya zomwe zili m'gulu la zosavuta kapena zovuta. Oopsa kwambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga ndi omwe amachedwa "kudya" mwachangu. Awa ndi chakudya chamagulu omwe ali m'gulu la ma monosaccharides ndi ma disaccharides (sucrose, glucose), omwe thupi limatenga nthawi yochepa kuti amwe. Zili mu:

• zakumwa zokoma
• shuga woyengetsa
• kupanikizana
• wokondedwa
• makeke
• ayisikilimu
• confectionery ndi zinthu zophika.

Madokotala ambiri azakudya amakhulupirira kuti zakudya zotere siziyenera kusiyidwa konse ndi zakudya za munthu wodwala matenda ashuga.

Palinso ma polysaccharides, monga wowuma, omwe amakamizidwa ndikusweka mthupi pang'onopang'ono. Komabe, kumwa kwawo kuyeneranso kukhala kochepa.

CHIKWANGWANI cha matenda ashuga

CHIKWANGWANI ndi chinthu kuchokera pagulu la ma polysaccharides ovuta omwe sawola m'matumbo am'mimba ndikutuluka mu rectum pafupifupi osasinthika. Gululi la zinthu limaphatikizapo cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins, chingamu. Kuphatikiza apo, ulusi wachilengedwe umakhala ndi polymer ya non-carbohydrate lignin. CHIKWANGWANI chimapezeka kwambiri m'makoma a maselo am'mera (motero dzina lake).

Zitha kuwoneka kuti CHIKWANGWANI chimakhala cholimba, katundu wosafunikira wazakudya zam'mimba, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kuyenera kupewedwa. Komabe, izi sizowona konse. CHIKWANGWANI chimagwira gawo lofunikira chimbudzi:

• imalimbikitsa kupanga microflora yopindulitsa,
• Kusintha kwamatumbo, kusungirako madzi ndi cations,
• kumanga cholesterol yoyipa
• imachepetsa njira zowonongeka,
• imathandizira ntchito ya m'mimba,
• imayambitsa kuyamwa kwa mavitamini ndi michere.

Mu shuga, zida zofunika kwambiri za fiber, monga:

• kuthekera kumangiriza michere yambiri yosavuta,
• kuchuluka kwa glucagon wamatumbo,
• Matenda a kapamba ku chakudya.

Chifukwa chake, kudya mafuta ambiri kumathandiza kupewa kuwonjezeka wamafuta m'magazi. Othandizira ambiri amakhulupirira kuti zakudya zamafuta ambiri ziyenera kukhala zofunikira patebulo la matenda ashuga. Kwenikweni, fiber imatha kupezeka mumasamba ndi zipatso, mu mkate wopanda tanthauzo. Komanso, kukonzekera kowonjezera ndi fiber, mwachitsanzo, kukonzekera kokhala ndi chinangwa, nthawi zambiri kumayikidwa.

Ichi ndi chinthu china chofunikira chomwe chimachokera ku chakudya. Ma amino acid omwe amapezeka m'mapuloteni ndi zinthu zomwe maselo a thupi amapangidwa. Mapuloteni ndi ofunikira makamaka kwa thupi lakukula la ana ndi achinyamata. Pali njira zotsutsana ndi matenda ashuga zomwe zimatsimikizira kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni. Mapuloteni apamwamba kwambiri amapezeka munyama, nsomba, mkaka, mazira. Palinso mapuloteni ambiri m'minyewa ndi nyemba.

Gome la wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga liyenera kukhala ndi mapuloteni 15-20%, ndipo mapuloteni osachepera 50% ayenera kuchokera kumagwero azinyama.

Mafuta ndi gawo lofunikira la chakudya. Ndikofunikira pakapangidwe kazinthu zambiri zofunika kuti pakhale thupi ndipo limagwira monga chida chomanga ma membrane am'mimba. Amakhalanso gwero lina lamphamvu lamthupi. Pali mafuta azomera komanso nyama. Mavitamini ambiri ofunika (A, D, E) nawonso amasungunuka m'mafuta.

Madokotala ambiri azakudya amakhulupirira kuti kudya zakudya zamafuta sikothandiza kwa odwala matenda ashuga, chifukwa mafuta amathandiza kuyamwa kwa michere ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa calorie, ngakhale mwachilengedwe, palibe cholankhula pakuchotsa kwathunthu mafuta ku menyu. Kupatula apo, kuperewera kwamafuta kumabweretsa mavuto ndi mitsempha yapakati, kumafooketsa chitetezo cha m'thupi. Komabe, ndikofunikira pano ndikofunikira kuti musangoganizira kuchuluka kwa mafuta, komanso kapangidwe kake. Cholesterol ndi mafuta achesi achesi sizothandiza kwenikweni kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kuposa mafuta osakanizidwa ndi polyunsaturated mafuta acids omwe amathandizira kupewa atherosulinosis. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti zabwino zamafuta a polyunsaturated mafuta acids zimawonekera kwathunthu ngati zimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi fiber.

Mukamalemba mndandanda wazakudya za matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kuchuluka kwa mafuta sikuyenera kupitirira 30% ya zofunika tsiku lililonse la kalori. Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol sikuyenera kupitirira 300 g, ndipo kuchuluka pakati pamafuta ndi osakwaniritsidwa mafuta acids ayenera kukhala 1: 1.

Ndikofunika kunena kuti njira zina zachikhalidwe za antidiabetes zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posagwiritsa ntchito shuga omwe amadalira inshuwaransi, nawonso, amaganizira kwambiri zamafuta monga m'malo mwa ma carbohydrate monga gwero lamphamvu.

Mndandandandawu umawonetsa zomwe zili ndi mapuloteni, mafuta, chakudya chamagulu omwera ndi kalori yazinthu zazikuluzikulu za wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga (pa 100 g). Tebulo ili lipindulitsa wodwalayo pokonzekera menyu.

Mbale, buledi, makeke

Zipatso ndi zipatso zouma

Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kuganizira za matenda a shuga a GI (glycemic index)?

GI - Chizindikiro cha kuthekera kwa zinthu atalowa m'thupi la munthu kuchititsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuganizira ndi insulin yomwe imadalira shuga komanso matenda oopsa a shuga.

Mndandanda uliwonse wa glycemic uli ndi chilichonse. Chifukwa chake, pamene akukwera kwambiri, msanga wamagazi amakwera komanso mosiyanasiyana.

GI ya GI imagawana zakudya zonse ndi otsika (mpaka 40) avareji (41-70) ndi GI yayikulu (zopitilira 70). Mutha kupeza matebulo okhala ndi zopezeka m'magulu awa kapena kuwerengera pa intaneti kuti muwerenge ma GI pamawebusayiti amomwe mungayang'ane nawo tsiku ndi tsiku.

Mwachilengedwe, zakudya zonse zomwe zili ndi GI yayikulu siziyenera kupatula pakudya, kupatula zomwe zimapindulitsa thupi ndi matenda ashuga. Poterepa, GI yathunthu yazakudya imachepetsedwa chifukwa choletsa zotsalira zamafuta amoto.

Zakudya wamba ziyenera kuphatikizapo zakudya zomwe zili ndi gawo laling'ono (laling'ono) ndi GI wotsika kwambiri.

Kodi gulu la mkate ndi chiyani (XE) ndi momwe mungawerengere?

Chigoba cha mkate kapena XE ndi gawo lina lomwe lakonzedwa kuti muchepetse chakudya. Ili ndi dzina lake kuchokera pa chidutswa cha mkate "wa njerwa", womwe umadulidwa ndikudula mkate wamba, kenako theka: chidutswa cha gramu 25 chimakhala ndi 1 XE.

Zakudya zambiri zimaphatikizapo chakudya chamagulu, pomwe sizimasiyana pamaumbidwe, kapangidwe kake ndi zopatsa mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, nkovuta kudziwa kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zimafunikira tsiku lililonse kwa odwala omwe amadalira insulin - kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amwedwa ayenera kukhala ofanana ndi mlingo wa insulini womwe umaperekedwa.

Njira yowerengera yotereyi imawonedwa ngati yapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo imakupatsani mwayi wosankha mtundu wa insulin. Chizindikiro cha XE chimakupatsani mwayi kuti muzindikire gawo lama carbohydrate osalemera, ndipo, mwa lingaliro lathu, m'mavoliyumu achilengedwe omwe ali oyenera kuzindikira (supuni, galasi, chidutswa, zina, ndi zina). Poyerekeza kuchuluka kwa magawo omwe amadyedwa nthawi imodzi ndi kuyeza shuga m'magazi, wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a gulu lachiwiri akhoza kulowa muyeso ya insulin yocheperako asanadye.

kuchuluka kwa shuga mutatha kudya 1 XE kumawonjezeka ndi 2.8 mmol / l,

1 XE imaphatikizapo ma carbohydrate pafupifupi 15 g,

Magawo awiri a insulin amafunikira kuyamwa 1 XE,

chizolowezi cha tsiku ndi tsiku ndi 18-25 XE, ndikugawa zakudya zisanu ndi chimodzi (3-5 XE - chakudya chachikulu, 1-2 XE - zokhwasula-khwasula).

1 XE ndi yofanana: 30 g ya bulauni mkate, 25 g ya mikate yoyera, 0,5 makapu a buckwheat kapena oatmeal, 2 prunes, 1 apakati kukula kukula, etc.

Zakudya Zololedwa Komanso

Zakudya zovomerezeka za shuga ndi gulu lomwe lingadyedwe popanda zoletsa.

Zophika mkate ndi ufa wa shuga

Madokotala ambiri azakudya amavomereza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zophika shuga kwa shuga kuyenera kukhala kochepa, kapena kupewedwa. Izi ndizowona makamaka pazogulitsa kuchokera ku premium ufa wokhala ndi zakudya zamafuta ambiri ndi fiber pang'ono. Makonda ayenera kuperekedwa kwa zinthu kuchokera ku ufa wa wholemeal wokhala ndi chinangwa. Zopangira shuga zimaletsedwa ku pastry. Zosavomerezeka:

Malangizo am'mbuyomu odwala matenda ashuga amalola timbale ta shuga. Simuyenera kungolowa nawo mpunga ndi semolina. Ma Buckwheat ndi oat groats amatengedwa kuti ndi othandiza kwambiri kwa matenda ashuga. Muli michere yaying'ono yofulumira komanso fiber yokwanira.

Kuletsedwa kotheratu. Ili m'gulu lamankhwala oopsa kwambiri. Ngati shuga adyedwa ndi wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti izi zimakhudza kwambiri mkhalidwe wake. Komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti izi sizingogwira kokha shuga woyera (shuga woyengedwa), koma kwa shuga omwe amalowa m'mimba mwathu mwa mawonekedwe, mwachitsanzo, amasungunuka zakumwa zingapo zakumwa ndi zakumwa za fakitale.

Pasitala

Ntchito zawo ziyenera kukhala zochepa. Ndipo njira zambiri zimawaletsa. Cholinga chake ndi zomwe zili ndi zopatsa mphamvu zambiri komanso zopatsa mphamvu zambiri. Ngati wodwalayo wazolowera mbali yakudya ya pasitala, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kuisinthanso ndi mbale yamphesa yazipatso kapena masamba omwe amakhala ndi fiber yambiri.

Zakudya zopangidwa moyenera, zakudya za shuga ziyenera kuphatikizapo masamba. Amasamba ambiri amakhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu pang'ono komanso ma fiber ambiri othandiza chimbudzi. Masamba ambiri amakhala ndi zinthu zofunika kufufuza, mavitamini, mapuloteni ndi mafuta, zinthu zomwe zimachokera ku gulu la guanidines lomwe lili ndi katundu wa hypoglycemic. Mosamala, muyenera kudya zamasamba olemera okha, monga mbatata ndi beets.Maluso okhwima nthawi zambiri amafunikira kuwachotsa pamenyu.

Zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa masamba monga:

• Tomato
• mitundu yamitundu yamasichi
• biringanya
• nkhaka.

Mutha kuwonjezera pamndandanda wamafuta osiyanasiyana: anyezi, katsabola, letesi, sipinachi, ndi zina zambiri.

Masamba ndimadyera bwino kwambiri yaiwisi kapena yowotchera, chifukwa chithandizo cha kutentha chimathandizira kuyamwa kwa chakudya chamagulu omwe amakhala mwa iwo.

Nyama ndi nsomba

Nyama ndi nsomba zimapangitsanso mapuloteni ofunika kwambiri komanso osakanikirana bwino. Komabe, akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti nyama zamafuta ziyenera kupewedwa. Choyamba, ndi nkhumba, bakha ndi nyama ya tsekwe. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudya, choyambirira, mitundu yazakudya yokhala ndi mafuta ochepa, mwachitsanzo, nyama yamtchire ndi nyama yamphongo. M'pofunikanso kupewa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nyama yomwe ndi nyama, masosefa (makamaka osuta, ma soseji), nyama yophika makeke, ndi zina zambiri. Ndikofunikira kudya nsomba m'malo mwa nyama.

Mchere kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga uyeneranso kukhala wopanda malire, ngakhale mchere samakhudza mwachindunji shuga. Komabe, mchere umapangitsa kukhala kovuta kuchotsa zamadzimadzi m'thupi, kumachepetsa mphamvu ya impso, ndikuwononga dongosolo lamtima. Inde, mchere wambiri (makamaka, sodium ndi chlorine ions) ndi wofunikira m'thupi. Komabe, mchere umapezeka kwambiri mu tchizi, masamba ambiri, mkaka, mkate, nyama ndi nsomba. Chifukwa chake, mchere wa matenda a shuga uyenera kudyedwa pang'ono, kapena ngakhale kuwononga nawo. Simungadye mchere wambiri 12 g patsiku, ndi nephropathy - osaposa 3 g.

Zinthu zamkaka

Zinthu zambiri zamkaka zimakhala ndi mafuta osavuta, monga lactose. Komanso mkaka umakhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo, omwe amathandizira kuyamwa kwa chakudya chamagulu. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito gululi lokha lomwe lili ndi mafuta ochepa, lactose ndi chakudya. Mwachitsanzo, awa ndi yoghurts zopanda mafuta ndi zinthu zina zamkaka. Kuchokera ku tchizi tchizi ndi tchizi, zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ochepa kwambiri ziyeneranso kukondedwa.

Zinthu zamkaka ndizothandiza pamapuloteni awo ambiri, calcium. Kugwiritsa ntchito mwachangu kanyumba tchizi, tchizi, kirimu wowawasa kumakhala ndi phindu pa chiwindi. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti munthu amene ali ndi vuto la chiwindi ndi ndulu ya chikhodzodzo, adye nthawi zina, kangapo pa sabata. Ndipo kusiyiratu kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo sikungakhale kwanzeru.

Tiyi ndi khofi yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kumamwa popanda shuga. Koma kuchokera ku zakumwa zokoma za kaboni, monga mandimu, kola ngakhale kvass, ziyenera kusiyidwa kwathunthu. Njira ina ndi kashiamu wotsika kwambiri pa zotsekemera. Komabe, sayenera kunyamulidwa. Zowopsa ndizotsekemera zopangidwa ndi mafakitale. Ngakhale kuti ali ndi mavitamini ena, kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri chomwe chimasungunuka mkati mwake ndi kwakukulu. Pochulukirapo, mutha kumamwa zakumwa zatsopano zopaka zokha zopanda mchere. Koma ndibwino kudya masamba abwino ndi zipatso m'malo mwa timadziti.

Zipatso ndi zipatso

Kumbali imodzi, zipatso zambiri ndi zipatso zimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya fiber ndi pectin, komanso zinthu zambiri zofunikira za kufufuza ndi mavitamini. Chifukwa chake, mphatso zachilengedwe izi mosakayikira zimatha kuchiritsa, ndipo ziyenera kulembedwa mndandanda wazinthu zofunikira. Komabe, zipatso zina zimakhala ndi chakudya chambiri komanso wowuma. Zowona, kuchuluka kwa fiber kumachepetsa kuyamwa kwa zipatso kuchokera zipatso. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso zotsekemera kuyenera kukhala kochepa (osapitirira kamodzi pa sabata), ndipo pakuvuta kwa matendawo, kumwa kwawo kuyenera kuthetsedweratu. Choyamba, izi zimagwira ntchito kwa zipatso zokhala ndi index yayikulu ya glycemic ndi zakudya zamatumbo - nthochi, mavwende, mavwende, mphesa.

Za zipatso zouma, zoumba, ndibwino kuzikana. Pali mavitamini ochepa mwa iwo, koma zomwe zimapezeka m'mankhwala ochulukitsa ndizopamwamba kwambiri.

Mazira ndi gwero lamapuloteni apamwamba komanso calcium yambiri. Zakudya zomanga thupi mwa iwo mulibe. Komabe, mazira, makamaka yolks, amakhalanso ndi cholesterol yambiri. Kutsiliza - mazira a shuga ndiovomerezeka, koma pang'ono (osapitanso chidutswa patsiku). Mutha kudyanso maeleel opopera.

Bowa muli mavitamini ambiri, mapuloteni ndi fiber. Muli mafuta ochulukirapo ochepa ochepa mwa iwo. Chifukwa chake, bowa wokhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amatha kudya popanda mantha. Kuphatikiza apo, bowa ndi m'gulu la chakudya chomwe chitha kupatsa chisangalalo chenicheni. Zowona, pankhaniyi sizoyipa kuti wodwalayo aziona moyenera. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kudya bowa mosapezekanso kangapo mkati mwa sabata. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti bowa ndi woletsedwa kwathunthu ku gastritis, zilonda zam'mimba komanso matenda ena ammimba, ndipo zimapangitsa kuti chimbudzi chikhale chovuta.

Zomakoma

Tsoka ilo, kutali ndi odwala onse amatha kungokana kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya. Kupatula apo, ambiri a ife tadya maswiti kuyambira tili ana ndipo timagwiritsa ntchito kukoma kwa shuga - m'maswiti, chokoleti, ayisikilimu, ndi zina zambiri. Chifukwa chake, ndizovuta kwambiri kwa iwo omwe amasintha ku zakudya za antidiabetes kuti akane shuga yoyera. Kutuluka mu izi, othandizira a shuga amathandizanso. Izi zimaphatikizapo zinthu zomwe zimakoma kwambiri, koma zowonjezera pang'ono zopatsa mphamvu poyerekeza ndi sucrose wamba. Kugwiritsa ntchito zotsekemera sikofunikira kuchokera pakuwoneka mwakuthupi, komabe, kumakupatsani mwayi wodya zakudya zomwe mumakonda.

Tsoka ilo, zotsekemera zabwino zomwe zingagwirizane ndi wodwala aliyense sizinapangidwebe. Ena, ngakhale adachokera ku chilengedwe chawo komanso alibe vuto lililonse, ali ndi kutalika kokwanira (ngakhale kutsika kuposa koyenera), zomwe zili ndi zopatsa mphamvu, zina zimakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa, zina sizokhazikika, wachinayi ndi wokwera mtengo komanso osagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, sucrose siyingasinthidwe kwathunthu ndi zinthu izi.

Zopangidazi zimagawika m'magulu awiri akuluakulu - zotsekemera komanso zotsekemera. Zokoma zimaphatikizapo zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi metabolism. Awa ndi xylitol, sorbitol ndi fructose. Ma sweeteners sakukhudzidwa ndi metabolism. Pa mndandanda wazomwe zili m'gulu lino ndi:

• cyclamate
• lactulose
• neohesperidin,
• thymatin,
• glycyrrhizin,
• stevioside.

Mpaka pano, imodzi mwa zotsekemera kwambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati stevioside, yopezeka kuchokera ku chomera chotentha cha stevia. Stevioside ndi glycoside yomwe imakhala yokoma nthawi 20 kuposa sucrose. Mlingo watsiku ndi tsiku wa stevioside pafupifupi supuni 1. Komabe, stevioside imatha kuyambitsa thupi.

M'malo otsika mtengo kwambiri a shuga a patebulo, omwe angalimbikitsidwe kwa odwala poyambira matenda ashuga. Natural fructose imakhalanso yokoma kangapo kuposa sucrose. Mapeto ake, amawapanga mu shuga, koma umawonjezera kuchuluka kwake m'magazi pang'ono ndi pang'ono. Sikulimbikitsidwa kudya zoposa 40 g patsiku, chifukwa cha matenda ashuga osaloledwa.

Mowa mu shuga

Mowa sukulimbikitsidwa kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, ngakhale mu Mlingo wocheperako, chifukwa umasokoneza kwambiri njira zomwe zimapezeka mthupi. Kuphatikiza apo, zakumwa zoledzeretsa zimakhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu zambiri zamagetsi.

Tebulo lomwe likuwonetsa zakudya zomwe wodwala matenda ashuga angathe kudya ndi zomwe zimafunika zochepa.

Kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa glucose tsiku lonse

Chilichonse chomwe munthu wodwala matenda ashuga angadye, zakudya zambiri zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa mafunso okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwake. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyeza milingo ya glucose mutatha kudya china chatsopano ndi glucometer yonyamula. Kuyeza kuyenera kupangidwa kangapo masana, kuphatikiza mukatha kudya, komanso maola awiri mutatha kudya. Ngati mkati mwa masabata ochepa palibe kuchepa kwa shuga, menyu iyenera kusintha.

Gome ili limapereka pafupifupi pafupifupi mndandanda wazakudya sabata iliyonse kwa odwala omwe akudwala matenda a shuga. Chiwerengero cha zopatsa mphamvu za tsiku ndi tsiku menyu zizikhala 1200-1400 kcal. Wodwalayo saloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe amakonda, poganizira kusinthanitsa ndi mbale zomwe zili pamndandanda wololedwa.

Zakudya zofananira za matenda ashuga sabata imodzi kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin (kutengera tebulo 9). Mndandandandawu uli ndi zitsanzo zamatsamba tsiku lililonse, komabe, wodwalayo saloledwa kusintha mndandanda wa sabata limodzi ndi mfundo zamankhwala pazoyenera zake.