Pachimake ndi matenda ashuga

Climax ndi gawo la thupi lachikazi lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ogonana. Zachidziwikire, kusintha kotereku kumakhala ndi vuto lalikulu pantchito ya chamoyo chonse, kuphatikiza kupangitsa matenda oopsa a shuga ndi zina za endocrine pathologies. Si chinsinsi kuti ndi azimayi azaka zapakati pa 50 mpaka 60 omwe nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi matenda ashuga. Pankhaniyi, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulankhule mwatsatanetsatane za kusintha kwa kubereka, matenda a shuga ndi mgwirizano wa zomwe zaperekedwa.

Kwa zaka zambiri ndakhala ndikuphunzira za zovuta za DIABETES. Zimakhala zowopsa anthu ambiri akamwalira, ndipo makamaka amakhala olumala chifukwa cha matenda ashuga.

Ndithamangira kunena mbiri yabwino - Endocrinological Research Center ya Russia Academy of Medical Science idatha kupanga mankhwala omwe amachiritsiratu matenda ashuga. Pakadali pano, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa mankhwalawa kuyandikira 100%.

Nkhani ina yabwino: Unduna wa Zaumoyo wateteza kukhazikitsidwa kwa pulogalamu yapadera yomwe imalipilira mtengo wonse wa mankhwalawo. Ku Russia ndi mayiko a CIS odwala matenda ashuga kale atha kupeza mankhwala ZAULERE .

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga nthawi ya kusintha msambo

Nyengo ndi matenda a shuga zitha kuphatikizidwa chifukwa cha mkhalidwe wosinthika wa kulephera kwamthupi la munthu. Chowonekerachi chikufotokozedwa ndikuti, kuwonjezera pakuchepetsa ndikuchotsa ntchito yofananira ndi thumba losunga mazira, kusintha kwina kwa thupi kumachitika mkati mwa dongosolo la kusamba. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito pamlingo wochepetsetsa wama follicles ku zigawo zomwe zimapangidwa mwachindunji ndi gland. Mukalankhula izi, mverani:

Kusokonezeka kwa ntchito yamitsempha yamagazi, ndiko kuphwanya koyenera kwa kuchuluka kwa zoyendetsera, kusintha kwa zowonetsa,
Zosokoneza pantchito ya mtima, zomwe zimayambitsa kufooka kwa ntchito za mtima. Izi zimangokhala zothandiza pa dongosolo lonse,
mapangidwe onenepa kwambiri.

China ndi zizindikiro zoyipa zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kapangidwe ka minofu. Mwambiri, zinthu zonsezi zikuwonetsa kukalamba kwa thupi la munthu, zomwe madokotala amakonda kutcha boma losagwirizana ndi insulin. Ndikulankhula za kusamba ndi matenda ashuga, ndikufuna nditakhala mwatsatanetsatane pazomwe zimayambitsa matenda.

Monga mukudziwa, chizindikiro cha matenda a shuga ndi kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Amakhudzanso minofu yam'mimba ndi chiwindi. Amaperekedwa ndi kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha mahomoni ogonana, kusintha mwa iwo kumakhudza kuchitika kwa vuto pakupanga kwa gawo la mahomoni ndi kulolerana kwa zinthu zama minofu kumtundu wa glucose.

Kusintha kumeneku kumatha kukhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mapangidwe a androgen, kuyimitsidwa kapena kuchulukitsa kwa metabolidi ya lipid. Zosintha zilizonse zomwe zawonetsedwa nthawi zambiri zimatha kukhazikitsidwa ndendende nthawi yakusiya, lomwe ndi kufotokoza kwina pakati pa ubale wapakati pa matenda ashuga ndi kusamba.

Zotsatira za matenda ashuga okhudza kusintha kwa thupi

Matenda a shuga amapangitsa kuyamba kwa kusintha kwa thupi m'mbuyomu. Mwambiri, nthawi yake azimayi omwe ali ndi vuto lofananalo amapezeka ali ndi zaka 49. Mtundu woyamba wamatenda, Zizindikiro zoyambirira za ntchito yamchiberekero zimadziwika pa zaka 38 mpaka 40. Izi ndichifukwa choti ndi kuchuluka kwambiri kwa shuga m'thupi la munthu, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa insulin kumapangidwa. Izi zimawononga kwambiri gawo la minofu ya gonads, komanso chida cha pituitary ndi hypothalamus. Kuphatikiza apo, sitiyenera kuiwala za adrenal cortex, yomwe ilibe gawo lochepera pa njira yolerera.

Mawonekedwe a kusamba kwawo ali ndi kusiyana kochokera kuzomwe azimayi amakumana nazo zomwe zili ndi shuga. Polankhula za izi, akatswiri amatchera khutu kuti:

Poyamba pali zotchedwa urogenital zizindikiro za matenda ashuga ndi kusintha kwa thupi,
ziume mucous zimachitika, zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi kuyabwa komanso chidwi chachikulu choyaka. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kufulumira kwa ziwalo komanso kutsekemera kwa chitetezo chathupi - onse wamba komanso,
kuchuluka kwa shuga mkodzo, womwe umaphatikizidwa ndi kukodza pafupipafupi, kumakhala kofunikira,
zinthu zomwe zaperekedwa zimayambitsa kukulira kwa kukhoma kwa makoma a ziwalo zoperekedwayo. Izi zimathandizira kwambiri njira yolowera chotupa chotupa.

Polankhula za zovuta za matenda obwera ndi matenda ashuga kusamba, wina sangathe kudziwa kuchepa kwa libido. Kwa amayi omwe ali ndi shuga okwanira magazi, kufunikira kwa kugonana kumatha kuchuluka. Matenda a shuga samakhudzana ndi kukhwima kokha, komanso mapangidwe a kutupa m'dera loyandikira. Mkazi akhoza kumva ululu panthawi yogonana. Izi, kuphatikiza chiwonetsero china chamanjenje, sizimakulitsa mwayi wokuchira libido mu shuga.

Samalani

Malinga ndi WHO, chaka chilichonse padziko lapansi anthu 2 miliyoni amafa chifukwa cha matenda ashuga komanso zovuta zake. Pokhapokha pakhale thandizo loyenerera la thupi, matenda ashuga amabweretsa mavuto osiyanasiyana, pang'onopang'ono kuwononga thupi la munthu.

Mavuto ambiri omwe amakonda ndi awa: matenda a shuga a shuga, nephropathy, retinopathy, zilonda zam'mimba, hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis. Matenda a shuga amathanso kuyambitsa kukula kwa zotupa za khansa. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse, wodwala matenda ashuga amwalira, akulimbana ndi matenda opweteka, kapena amasintha kukhala munthu wolumala.

Kodi anthu odwala matenda ashuga amatani? Endocrinological Research Center ya Russian Academy of Medical Sayansi yakwanitsa kupanga mankhwala omwe amachiritsiratu matenda ashuga.

Pulogalamu ya Federal "Health Health Nation" ikuchitika, mkati mwa momwe mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kwa aliyense wokhala ku Russian Federation ndi CIS ZAULERE . Kuti mumve zambiri, onani tsamba lovomerezeka la MINZDRAVA.

Zowawa zakumva m'dera la mtima zimasokoneza pafupipafupi kuposa zizindikiro zofanana mu mutu zomwe zimakonda kuchita msambo. Kuchuluka kwa glucose ndi gawo la mahomoni kumapangitsa kuti ma pathologies apangidwe mwachangu, kupezeka kwa tachycardia ndi madipatimenti a khoma lamitsempha yamagazi. Ndi shuga wabwinobwino, zizindikiro zomwe zimaperekedwa zimangokhala kumapeto kwa msambo. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mutchere khutu ku ziwonetsero zina zowonjezera zamatenda.

Ndi zizindikiro zina ziti zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda awiri?

Adzaphatikizidwa ndi mafunde omwe amapezeka ndikuthamanga kwamtima ndikutha ndi thukuta lamphamvu. Zizindikiro zomwe zidaperekedwa komaliza, ziyenera kuonedwa ngati kuchepa kwa estrogen ndi insulin. Kuchulukitsa kwa testosterone ndi triglycerides, komwe kumadziwika ndi matendawa, sikuyenera kuonedwa ngati zinthu zazing'ono kwambiri.

Kuchepetsa mphamvu kwapafupa kumachitika, zomwe zimaperekedwa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwake. Ndi chiwopsezo chowonjezera, sichimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chikhalidwe chilichonse chofunikira, monga kuchuluka kwambiri kwa minofu ya adipose. Kuchepa kwa thupi ndi kufalikira kwa shuga kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa mafupa (zinthu zomwe zimalimbitsa kapangidwe ka mafupa). Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kupangika kwa mahomoni ogonana ndi minofu yamafuta komanso kuchuluka kwamagawo a mahomoni.

Zomwe amathandizira odwala matenda ashuga komanso kusintha kwa thupi

Matenda a shuga ndi kusamba, zomwe zimawonekera limodzi, zimatha kukulitsa thanzi. Polankhula izi, ziyenera kudziwika kuti:

kukhathamiritsa mkhalidwe wodwala matenda ashuga, ambiri, akatswiri amapereka mankhwala ofooketsa m'mimba ndi phytochemicals,
Tikulankhula za zinthu monga Remens, Tsi-Klim, Klimaktoplan ndi ena ambiri,
sizodziwika ndi kuthekera kokwanira kwa zizindikiro za menopausal.

Pankhaniyi, pakufunika chithandizo chamankhwala chifukwa cha mahomoni, kuvomerezedwa kwake komwe kumayenera kukambidwa ndi dokotala.

O.R. Grigoryan, M.B. Antsiferov, I.I. Agogo

Bungwe la State Endocrinology Sayansi Center la RAMS.

Ndondomekozi zimapereka njira yamakono yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala othandizira am'madzi, poganizira zaumoyo, ma metabolic ndi mahomoni mwa azimayi omwe ali ndi mtundu 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga panthawi ya amayi ndi abambo. Malangizowa adapangira akatswiri a gynecologists, endocrinologists ndi akatswiri wamba.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, kuyambitsa kokhazikika kwa mankhwala obwezeretsanso mahomoni m'thupi (HRT) machitidwe azachipatala kwapangitsa kuti athe kuchepetsa mawonetseredwe a menopausal syndrome, kusintha moyo wamtundu wa azimayi, komanso kupewa kuchepa kwa vuto la metabolic monga atherosulinosis ndi matenda a Alzheimer's. Komabe, mpaka pano, chithandizo chamankhwala cha amayi omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga mellitus (DM) sichinatenge malo ake oyenera mu mankhwala othandiza. Zifukwa zazikulu zoyipa zomwe madotolo ndi odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amachokera ku chithandizo chamankhwala othandizira, ndizoyambirira, kusowa kwa mgwirizano wapakati pantchito ya abettrician-gynecologists ndi endocrinologists, ndipo chachiwiri, chikhulupiliro chomwe chilipo pakati pa odwala ndi madokotala kuti kusintha kwa ma hormone ndi matenda ashuga sikugwirizana. . Komabe, kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga a m'mimba 2 kumawonjezereka kwambiri mwa akazi azaka zopitilira 50, ndipo kuchuluka kwa matendawa kwa odwala azaka 55-64 ndi 60-70% kuposa amuna. Zonsezi zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa chitukuko cha gawoli, kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera mfundo zachikhalidwe za sayansi pokonzekera chithandizo chamankhwala cha amayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga pantchito ya madotolo a matenda osiyanasiyana.

Maupangiri omwe aperekedwa adapangidwa kuti azipanga gynecologists, endocrinologists, Therapists. Amawerengera malingaliro amakono za mwayi wokhala ndi chithandizo chamankhwala cha mahomoni popewa komanso kuchiza matenda a estrogen-osakwanira chilengedwe azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a peri- and postmenopausal. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a prophylactic endocrinology, njira zochizira komanso zodzitetezera zimaperekedwa molingana ndi kuwonekera koyambirira komanso mochedwa kwa menopausal syndrome m'gulu ili la odwala.

The pathogenesis of menopausal syndrome mwa azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba 2

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga 1 (1 matenda a shuga) amapezeka mwa 5 mpaka 10% mwa odwala matenda ashuga. Maziko a matendawa ndi chiwonongeko cha ma b - cell a kapamba ndimatenda a insulin. Umboni wakubadwa kwa matendawa sudziwika nthawi zonse. Komabe, pali mgwirizano ndi HLA haplotypes (HLA DR3-B8, DR4-B15B15C2-1, C4, A3, B3, Bfs, DR4, Dw4, Dow6), komanso autoantibodies kwa ma pancreatic b-cell antigen amapezekanso. Amadziwika ndi kuyambanso mwachangu, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ketoacidosis woopsa. Amayi omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 ndipo amakhala atakwanitsa zaka 35-45, nthawi zambiri mavuto obwera chifukwa cha matenda ashuga retinopathy, nephropathy, polyneuropathy, etc.

Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda ashuga amtundu wa 90 - 95% ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Matendawa amakula pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zambiri motsutsana ndi maziko a kunenepa kwambiri, ndipo msinkhu wa zovuta zake umakhala zaka 35 - 40. Pafupipafupi mtundu wa shuga 2 azimayi azaka zapakati pa 60-70 ndi 10 - 20% ndi 3 - 5% ali ndi zaka 40 - 50. Mzere wazaka 80 zakubadwa umachulukitsa azimayi okhala ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 m'gulu la anthu 17% peresenti.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amtundu wa 2 timatsimikiza ndi njira ziwiri zazikulu: kukana insulini komanso kusokonekera kwa maselo a b - maselo. Mzimayi wamakono amakhala pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a moyo wake ali mdziko la postmenopausal, ndipo ndi chifukwa cham'badwo uno kuti anthu ambiri ali ndi matenda ashuga 2 komanso kunenepa kwambiri, zomwe zimatha kuphatikizidwa ndi lingaliro la "menopausal metabolic syndrome" (MMS). Chifukwa chake, dokotala aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi lingaliro la kusintha kwa zamankhwala, kagayidwe kazakudya ndi mahomoni zomwe zimachitika nthawi imeneyi mthupi la mayi yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Kale munthawi ya premenopusing, pali kuchepa kwamunthu kokhudzana ndi ntchito yamchiberekero, kutsika kwazinthu za follicular, kusintha kwa chinsinsi cha mahomoni ndi thumba losunga mazira ndi kudziwa kwa ma follicles kupita ku gonadotropins. Kuphatikiza pa kuchepa kwakuthupi kwamthupi mu estrogen, MMS imaphatikizapo kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kazakudya, matenda oopsa a m'mitsempha, kusokonezeka kwa hemostasis, kunenepa kwambiri, mafupa a mafupa kapena mafupa. Kuphatikiza apo, kutsika kwa milingo ya estrogen mu kusintha kwa thupi kumalumikizidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chiwopsezo cha atherogenesis, chomwe chimatsogolera pakupanga IHD, matenda oopsa a arterial, ndi stroko. Ndipo kukalamba kwachilengedwe kumatha kuonedwa ngati boma lopanda insulin.

Kukula kwa hypergonadotropic hypogonadism ndikudziwika kwa gawo la postmenopausal. Kapangidwe ka neuroendocrine chisokonezo pamlingo wa hypothalamic ndi limbic system panthawiyi kumakhala kuchepa kwa kamvekedwe ka dopaminergic komanso kuwonjezeka kwa kamvekedwe ka noradrenergic, komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito ya opioidergic ya b-endorphins komanso kuwonongeka mu ntchito ya serotonergic system. Mawonekedwe amankhwala osokonezeka a dongosolo la hypothalamic: kutentha kwamphamvu ndi thukuta kwambiri, chitukuko cha matenda oopsa komanso kunenepa kwambiri, kusintha kwa mtima, nkhawa, kukhumudwa, kupweteka kwa mutu. Matenda ozindikira amawonetsa kusokonezeka kwa kayendedwe ka limbic system.

Udindo waukulu pakukhazikitsa ntchito ya neuroendocrine imaseweredwa ndi ma neurotheroids, zomwe zimatha kuzindikira kudzera mu kuyambitsa ndi kuletsa kwa ntchito ya receptors kwa g-aminobutyric acid amtundu wa "a" (GABAa). Zotsirizazo zimayambitsa hyperpolarization yamitsempha yama neuron komanso kuchepa kwa msanga wa CNS. Pankhani imeneyi, mu nthawi ya menopausal, osati kungokonzanso thupi kokha, komanso malingaliro, omwe amayenera kukumbukiridwa pakukonza ndi kupewa kuwonetsa kwa menopausal syndrome. Monga taonera kale, kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga a 2 kumawonjezeka kwambiri kwa anthu azaka zopitilira 50 ndipo kumakhala kofala kwambiri mwa azimayi kuposa amuna amsinkhu womwewo. Ndizotheka kuti kusintha kwa kubereka kumakhala ndi chidziwitso chokwanira pakukulira kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga am'mgulu lino la akazi.

Ndizodziwika bwino kuti kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyanjana kwamisempha minofu yam'mimba (kutsitsa msana wa postprandial glycemia), chiwindi (kusunga shuga) ndi b - pancreatic cell (secretion of kuchuluka kwa insulin). Kuchokera pamalingaliro okhudzana ndi biochemical, insulin imayendetsa phosphorylation ya receptors, komanso phosphorylation of tyrosine derivatives - ma insulin receptor substrates ambiri (mwachitsanzo, IRS-1, IRS-2) ndi mitundu yambiri ya phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI-3) kinase.Kuchepa kwa chidwi cha b-cell receptors kumakulitsa kuchuluka kwa glucose-kolimbikitsidwa ndi insulin secretion (koma osati L-arginine-yolimbikitsidwa ndi insulin secretion) ndipo kumabweretsa chitukuko cha kulekerera kwa ma carbohydrate (NTG) kapena mtundu wa 2 shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, m'nthawi ya postmenopausal, insulin yochulukirapo imafunikira kuyang'anira kupanga kwa shuga ndi chiwindi, ndipo kupulumutsidwa kwake ndi ma cell a b kumalipira kukana kwake kuchitapo kanthu pamlingo wa minofu ndi chiwindi.

Zaka zaposachedwa, kulumikizana kwadziwika pakati pa insulin kukana ndi hyperandrogenemia. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wathu, azimayi 80% omwe ali ndi vuto la carbohydrate metabolism omwe ali ndi magawo ocheperako ogonetsa ma globulin (CVG) mwa azimayi a postmenopausal komanso kuwonjezeka kwa testosterone yaulere ya seramu motsatana ndi insulin. Mitundu yotsika ya CVH ndi kunenepa kwambiri kwa visceral kumakhala ndi zotsatira zowonjezera pakulimbana ndi insulin. Kuphatikiza apo, hyperandrogenism mwa azimayi a postmenopausal amatha kuyambitsa insulin kukana, komwe kumayambitsa hyperandrogenemia chifukwa kupanga androgens ndi thumba losunga mazira komanso kuchepa kwa kupanga kwa SSH ndi chiwindi motsutsana ndi maziko a hyperinsulinemia.

Kunenepa kwambiri kwa Visceral kumakhudzanso mwachindunji ndi boma la insulin. Visceral kunenepa ndi mkhalidwe momwe introperitoneal mafuta imakhudza chiwindi, kusintha magazi m'magazi. Visceral adipose minofu palokha imakhala yogwira kwambiri kuposa mafuta ochulukirapo. Pambuyo kusintha kwa kusintha kwa thupi, kumakhala kuchuluka kwa mafuta a visceral, omwe angakhudze njira za metabolic, mosasamala kanthu za zovuta zamafuta a subcutaneous.

Posachedwa, chidwi chachikulu chaperekedwa ku zovuta za lipid metabolism, monga chiopsezo chachikulu pakukula kwa atherosulinosis mwa azimayi achikulire kuposa zaka 50. Kulimbana ndi minofu pamagwiritsidwe a glucose omwe amadalira insulin komanso kukakamiza kwa insulini yamafuta osakanikirana a mafuta (NEFA) kumalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi kusokonekera kwa malamulo a lipids ndi lipoproteins. Plasma NEFA ndizomwe zimapanga lipolysis yoyamba ya triglycerides mu adipose minofu (mkuyu. 3). Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa insulin mutatha kudya kumachepetsa NEFA ya plasma ya magazi mwa kuletsa lipase yokhala ndi mahomoni, komanso puloteni yomwe imayambitsa lipolysis.

Insulin itha kuchepetsa milingo ya NEFA ya plasma, ndikuwonjezera kubwezeretsanso kwawo mu minofu ya adipose kuti athe kudziunjikira triglycerides. Odwala osagwirizana ndi kukakamiza kwa insulin pa adipose minofu ya lipolysis, milingo ya NEFA imachulukitsidwa. Kukana kwa insulini kumakhudza kagayidwe ka estrogen, pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa mtima wawo. Vutoli limatha kufotokozera zomwe amuna ndi akazi omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 amapanga kukhala ndi vuto la atherosulinosis: kukhalapo kwa matendawa kumawonjezeka ndi nthawi ya 3,5.5 chiopsezo chokhala ndi IHD mwa akazi, ndipo mwa 1.2 - 2,5 mwa amuna okha.

Menopausal syndrome mwa akazi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga

Mwa azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, kuyamba kwa kusintha kwa thupi kumachitika ali ndi zaka 47-54, kusamba kumachitika zaka 46-55, nthawi yayitali ya kusamba ndi zaka 36 - 40, ndipo nthawi ya kusamba ndi zaka 3.5 - 4.5. Mu 80% ya odwala, apezeka zovuta zolimbitsa thupi za menopausal. Pankhaniyi, madandaulo amtundu wokhala ndi michere imakhalapo. Mu 60% ya odwala, kuyamba kwa kusintha kwa msambo kumachitika nthawi yophukira ndi maziko a kuwonongeka kwa matenda oyambitsidwa, ndikuwonjezereka kwambiri. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti mu 90% ya azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2, nthawi yayitali asanamadutse (osakwana zaka 40-45), nthawi yakumaliza kwa ntchito ya kusamba siyosiyana ndi anzawo athanzi. Mwa azimayi 56% omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 azaka zapakati pa 50 mpaka 54, kusintha kwa thupi kumachitika pakadutsa miyezi 6-12 kuchokera pamene matendawa adayamba. Mwa azimayi 85% omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga 2, madandaulo ochokera ku urogenital thirakiti akufika. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wathu, azimayi 87% omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 amadandaula kuti ziuma, kuyabwa, ndikuwotcha nyini, 51% ya dyspareunia, 45.7% chifukwa cha cystalgia, ndi 30% chifukwa cha kusowa kwamikodzo. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuchepa kwa milingo ya estrogen pambuyo pa kusamba kumabweretsa njira zakukula kwa atrophic mu mucous membrane wa urethra, nyini, chikhodzodzo, zida za ligamentous zapansi pa pelvic, ndi minofu ya periurethral.

Komabe, mwa amayi omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, motsutsana ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya estrogen, gawo lofunikira pakukonzekera kwamatenda amkodzo limaseweredwa ndi: kuchepa kwa chitetezo chokwanira, glucosuria wosakhalitsa, kukula kwa visceral neuropathy ndikuwonongeka kwa chikhodzodzo. Pankhaniyi, chikhodzodzo cha neurogenic chimapangidwa, urodynamics imasokonezeka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mkodzo wotsalira pang'onopang'ono kumawonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale matenda oyamba. Njira zake pamwambapa zimapangitsa kuti chikhodzodzo cha neurogenic.

Mwachirengedwe, zinthu zonse zomwe zimafotokozedwa kuphatikiza kupsinjika kwakakwiya zimakhudza kuchepa kwa chilakolako chogonana mwa 90% mwa akazi. Kuphatikiza pa izi, kusokonekera kwa urogenital kumayambitsa dyspareunia, kenako kuchitika kosagonana, komwe kumakulitsanso kukhumudwa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zaka. Mawonekedwe ndi ma psychic a menopausal syndrome (CS) amapezeka pafupifupi azimayi onse omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 ndipo amayambitsidwa, choyambirira, ndi kupezeka kwa matenda oyambitsa, komanso hyperandrogenemia.

Izi ndichifukwa choti hyperinsulinemia imabweretsa kuchepa kwa kupanga kwa SSH ndi chiwindi, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga kwa androgens ndi thumba losunga mazira. Mawonetseredwe a Vasomotor a menopausal syndrome mu 80 - 90% ya amayi omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 amawonetsedwa pang'onopang'ono (mofatsa komanso modekha) ndipo, monga lamulo, madandaulo amtundu wamalingaliro okhudzana ndi malingaliro amabwera. Nthawi zambiri, odwala amadandaula chifukwa cha thukuta kwambiri, kutentha kwadzuwa, mtima. Pa malo achiwiri azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, madandaulo ochokera ku mtima adayamba kuzindikirika, omwe 70% ya odwala adziwa.

Kukhazikika kwa matenda ashuga ndi kusintha kwa thupi

Climax, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwira azimayi azaka zapakati pa 50-60, imayendera limodzi ndi kusintha kwa mahomoni. Chifukwa chake, chodabwitsachi nthawi zambiri chimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga. Komabe, azimayi nthawi zambiri amati chizindikiro cha matendawa chimakhudzana, chifukwa chake samapereka kufunika.

Zizindikiro zowopsa zikuphatikiza thukuta lomwe likuwonjezereka, kuthamanga mwachangu, kusinthasintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kulemera, kupweteka m'miyendo, mtima, komanso kukhumudwa m'mimba. Chifukwa chake, isanayambike kusintha kwa kusintha kwa thupi, mayi aliyense ayenera kupatsidwa mankhwala apadera a chamba, komanso kupewa matenda a shuga 1 kapena mtundu 2.

Pali njira zingapo zomwe zingathandize mayi kupewa matendawa. Poyamba, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi madzi osalala, madzi okwanira:

Njira yothetsera bicarbonate imatha kusokoneza kapamba, amene amalepheretsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma acid achilengedwe. Kuthetsa madzi kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa insulin. Kudumphadumpha kaphatikizidwe kamene kumatanthauza kukula kwa matenda.
Madzi ndi gawo lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi kayendedwe ka glucose kumaselo onse.
Mzimayi nthawi ya kusamba ayenera kumwa kapu yamadzi yochepa asanadye chilichonse komanso m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Izi zimathandizanso kuchepetsa kunenepa.
Ndikofunikira kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito madzi otsekemera a carbonated, msuzi wogulidwa, khofi, tiyi, zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndi zina zambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, pofuna kupewa kukula kwa shuga ndi kusintha kwa thupi, mkazi ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa zakudya zomwe amadya. Poyambirira, muyenera kuyang'anira kudya kwamankhwala tsiku ndi tsiku komwe mumadya. Ndikofunikira kupatula zakudya zanu zomwe zimakhala ndi zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zambiri. Menyuyi iphatikizanso zipatso, zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri, mavitamini ndi fiber.

Zambiri zimatengera chakudya. Zakudya zoyenera panthawi yake zimathandizira kuti magayidwe a metabolic azisinthika, kuyamwa mwachangu kwa zinthu. Ndikwabwino kudya kasanu mpaka sikisi patsiku m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, omwe aliwonse ayenera kukhala ochepera kuposa omwe adalipo kale. Popewa matenda ashuga ndi kusintha kwa thupi, zotsatirazi ziyenera kuphatikizidwa pazosankha:

Turnips, kaloti, tsabola belu, radara, beets, nyemba.
Zinthu zophika buledi kuchokera ku ufa wowuma.
Zipatso za citrus.
Mbewu za chimanga.
Infusions ndi decoctions opangidwa kuchokera ku cranberries, phulusa la kumapiri, hawthorn ndi viburnum.

Ntchito yofunikira yodzitetezera imachitidwanso masewera olimbitsa thupi, omwe amathandiza kuchepetsa kunenepa kwambiri, kulimbitsa mitsempha yamagazi ndi minofu, ndikuchotsa cholesterol. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumalimbitsa thanzi lathu lonse komanso kumalimbitsa chitetezo cha m'thupi.

Izi sizitanthauza kuti mzimayi ayenera kupita nawo kumasewera. Zabwino zimapereka makalasi a ola limodzi tsiku lililonse.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandizira kuti maselo amveke, kusintha magazi. Ngati mikhalidwe yonse yakwaniritsidwa, shuga ndi kusintha kwa thupi sikukula.

Kusamba kwa matenda ashuga

Monga lamulo, pa nthawi ya kusintha kwa thupi, mkazi amadziwa momwe angayang'anire matenda ashuga. Komabe, kusintha kwa thupi ndi matenda ashuga ndizosakanikirana kwambiri kwa endocrine system.

Nthawi ya kusintha kwa thupi nthawi zonse imapangitsa njira yamatenda kukhala yovuta kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, kwa nthawi ya kusamba, dokotala yemwe amapita amasintha njira yochizira.

Pali zovuta zazikulu zingapo zomwe odwala matenda ashuga amakumana nazo nthawi isanathe:

Kusintha kwa mahomoni. Kusamba kumayendetsedwa ndi kupanga pang'ono kwa progesterone ndi estrogen. Ma mahormoni amenewa amasiya kuchotsedweratu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga azikhala wovuta. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupende magazi anu.
Kuwongolera miyendo. Kusamba kumachitika nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri, komwe kumapangitsa vuto la odwala matenda ashuga. Mayi yemwe ali ndi vuto loti asamabereka ayenera kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, ndiko kuti, kutsatira zakudya, kulandira zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi. Zakudyazo zimatengera chakudya chomwe chimakhala ndi fiber komanso mapuloteni ambiri.
Zosokoneza tulo. Chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri chosiya kusamba ndi kusowa tulo, komwe kumakhalanso kupsinjika kwa thupi la mkazi. Zochitika zovuta zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuthana ndi matenda a shuga. Pofuna kuti asayambitse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, mkazi ayenera kutsatira njira yatsiku ndi tsiku. Kuti muchite izi, ingokagona m'chipinda chocheperako nthawi yomweyo. Ndikwabwino kukana kugona tulo masana. Asanagone, chipindacho chimayenera kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino. Kudzuka kuyeneranso kuchitika nthawi yomweyo.
Kuwala kotentha ndi vuto pamene mkazi amakhala ndi kutentha, thukuta limachuluka. Zizindikiro zomwezi zimatha kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Kusuta, kupsinjika, ndi caffeine kumatha kuyambitsa kutentha, chifukwa chake izi zimayenera kupewa.
Matenda a mtima. Matenda a shuga amawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda a mtima. Kusiya kubereka ndi chilimbikitso chowonjezereka. Komanso, kunenepa kwambiri kumachitanso gawo lalikulu.
Wouma kumaliseche. Pa nthawi ya kusamba, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni monga estrogen ndi progesterone kumatsika kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziume ziume. Izi zimapangitsa kugonana kukhala kowawa. Matenda a shuga amawonjezera chizindikirocho chifukwa amakhudza kayendedwe ka magazi m'thupi. Mwa mayi wodwala matenda ashuga, kuchepa kwa chikhumbo chachiwerewere kumawonedwa nthawi zambiri, komanso kusakwaniritsidwa kwa mafuta achilengedwe.
Nthawi zambiri zimasinthasintha. Emirional vibrations imadziwika ngati vuto lina lililonse pakusokonezeka kwamafuta. Izi zimatha kubweretsa nkhawa, zomwe zimapangitsanso shuga. Mutha kuthetsa chizindikirocho mothandizidwa ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi apadera, mwachitsanzo, makalasi a yoga a odwala matenda ashuga.
Amayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2, azimayi amayamba msinkhu wazaka 47 - 54. Kutalika kwa nthawi ya kusamba ndi zaka zitatu kapena zisanu. Ubale pakati pa njirazi umatha kutsatiridwa chifukwa chakuti shuga ndi kusamba zimayambitsa kusokonekera kwa mahomoni.

Milandu makumi asanu ndi atatu mwa zana limodzi, azimayi amapezeka ndi chizindikiro chodzikakamira cha kusakhazikika kwenikweni. Ambiri aiwo amadandaula ndi zomwe zimachitika ngati munthu ali ndi vutoli. Mu makumi asanu ndi limodzi mwa zana, kukula kwa kusintha kwa thupi kumachitika mu nthawi yophukira-yophukira.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti odwala 87% amadandaula chifukwa cha kutupa kwa maliseche aakazi ndi kuphatikizika kwa kuyamwa. Mwanjira imeneyi, njira yotupa pa mucosa ya ukazi imatha kutsagana ndi kuwoneka kwa ming'alu yaying'ono, machiritso omwe amachepetsa. Nthawi zambiri matenda oyamba ndi fungal nawonso amalowa nawo.

Mu 30% ya odwala, kwamikodzo imatha, mu 46% - zizindikiro za cytology. Kuphatikiza pa kuchepetsa kupangika kwa mahomoni, mawonekedwe a zizindikirazi amakhudzidwanso ndi kuchepa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, komanso glucosuria wa nthawi yayitali mu shuga mellitus. Kumayambiriro kwa kusintha kwa thupi, chithandizo cha matenda ashuga chizikhala cholondola momwe mungathere.

Ngati simumaganizira zowonjezereka za nthawiyo ndipo simukugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala owonjezera a mahomoni poganizira zovuta za kusamba, chikhodzodzo cha neurogenic chitha kupangika, momwe urodynamics imasokonekera, ndi kuchuluka kwa mkodzo wotsalira kumakulira.

Kuti muthane ndi zizindikirozi, ndikofunikira kufunsa dokotala. Kunyalanyaza vutoli kumawerengedwa kuti ndi vuto labwino pakubwera kwa matenda oyamba. Chifukwa chake, kusamba kwa matenda ashuga kuyenera kulandira chithandizo chambiri.

Ngati mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti shuga azikhala osankhidwa bwino, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi sikukwera kuposa masiku onse, zomwe ndizofunikira. Ngati shuga wololedwa kuloledwa kupitilira masiku onse, zimatha kubweretsa zovuta zambiri mpaka kukomoka.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa kusintha kwa matenda ashuga zikufotokozedwa mu kanema m'nkhaniyi.

Kuchepa kwa akazi ndi matenda ashuga: kupewa matenda

Kusintha kwa mahomoni komwe timakumana nako panthawi ya kusintha kwa thupi nthawi zambiri kumakhala chifukwa cha matenda osasangalatsa a mahomoni - matenda amtundu wa 2. Monga tikudziwa, mahomoni achigololo achikazi amalamulira machitidwe ambiri mthupi lathu ndipo, makamaka, amawongolera njira ya chakudya komanso mafuta metabolism. Ndi kusintha kwa msambo, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni achikazi kumatsika, mphamvu yotsalira ya thupi imatha, ndipo zolandilira zomwe zili ndi insulin zimataya "ntchito" yawo yakale. Chifukwa chake pali kukana insulini - kuchepa kwa chidwi cha insulin. Insulini yopangidwa sagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera (chifukwa maselo "samamverera") chifukwa chake glucose yochokera m'magazi simalowetsedwa. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Mofananamo, metabolid ya lipid (mafuta) imasokonekera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonjezeka kowoneka bwino. Ndi kusintha kwa msambo, pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe timadya chimasanduka mafuta. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, ndi pa msinkhu wa kusintha kwa thupi komwe muyezo wa kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi minofu minofu umasintha. Kuthamanga kwa minofu ya adipose kumawopseza kunenepa kwambiri, komwe kumakhala kofunikira pakuyamba kwa matenda ashuga. Zambiri zakufufuza zamankhwala zimatsimikizira: ndikayamba kusintha kwa kusintha kwa thupi, oposa theka la azimayi amawona kuwonjezeka kwa thupi 1. Kuphatikiza apo, mafuta amapereka katundu wina pamsana ndi mafupa, mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga atherosulinosis.

Zotsatira zake, njira zomwe zimachitika mthupi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mahomoni zimalimbitsana: kulephera kwa carbohydrate metabolism, mapangidwe a atherosulinotic plaques, kudzikundikira kwamafuta ndikupanga mtundu wa shuga. Zochita zamankhwala zimatsimikizira: kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga nthawi ya kusintha kwa thupi kumawonjezeka nthawi zambiri 2. Zoyenera kuchita?

Ngati mapaundi owonjezera akupezeka pamakala, ndiye kuti pakufunika zinthu zofunikira: kuwonjezera zolimbitsa thupi, konzani tsiku la mankhwala ogulitsira kapena sabata yowonjezera. Dzikumbutseni kuti si chakudya chokha chomwe chimabweretsa chisangalalo m'moyo

Thanzi la mkazi pambuyo pa zaka 45 - 55: upangiri waluso

Maudindo azachipatala amakono ndi motere: mayi atatha zaka 45-50 adzakhala ndi thanzi labwino pokhapokha akasamalire izi pasadakhale ndikukonzekera thupi lakelo lakubadwa. Amadziwika kuti ma kilogalamu owonjezera amakulitsa kwambiri vutoli ndi kusintha kwa thupi, kuphatikiza, amayi onenepa kwambiri amatha kupezedwa ndi matenda a shuga 3.

Ngati muli ndi zaka 45 kale, ndiye nthawi yoti mubwezere kulemera kwanu ndikukonda zakudya zoyenera, kotero kuti pambuyo pa zaka 55- 60 mumakhala wokangalika komanso wamphamvu. Komabe, kwa azimayi omwe ali ndi milingo yochepa ya estrogen, pali vuto linanso - chilimbikitso chowonjezeka.

Poyembekezera kubereka, timapezeka kuti tili mozungulira: sitiyenera kukhala bwino, koma chifukwa chakuti mahomoni achikazi amapangidwa kale m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kudziletsa kuti musadye. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, choyambirira, ndikofunikira kubwezeretsanso mahomoni m'thupi, ndipo pokhapokha pofufuza zovuta zamankhwala ndi kusamba. Mwa njira, owerenga tsamba lathu atha kudziwa zambiri mwatsatanetsatane pamutu wobwezeretsa bwino mahomoni kwa dokotala pantchito - katswiri wazamankhwala a gynecologist-endocrinologist.

Njira zomwe zimachitika mthupi chifukwa chakuchepa kwa mahomoni kumalimbitsa mzake: kulephera kwa kagayidwe kazakudya, mapangidwe a atherosulinotic plaques, kudzikundikira kwa mafuta komanso kukula kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri. Zochita zamankhwala zimatsimikizira: kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga nthawi ya kusintha kwa thupi kumawonjezeka nthawi zambiri

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandizanso ndi gawo lofunikira, chifukwa chimodzi mwazizindikiro za kusintha kwa thupi ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa njira ya metabolic. Pazaka zakubadwa, azimayi amatha kudya zopatsa mphamvu zochepa kuti akhale ndi thupi labwino. Ichi ndichifukwa chake madokotala amalangiza kuti achepetse zopatsa mphamvu zoperekedwa ndi osachepera 20% ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuwonjezera zolimbitsa thupi 4.

Kupewera kwa matenda ashuga panthawi ya kusintha kwa thupi ndiko, choyamba, kutsatira malamulo a zakudya. Komabe, akatswiri akuchenjeza: simungathe kuthamangira mopambanitsa. Mwachitsanzo, kukana kwathunthu zakudya zamafuta sikungakupindulitseni, chifukwa mafuta amtunduwu amaphatikizidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa mahomoni. Ndipo kudzikana nokha maswiti kumakhalanso koopsa - izi ndizotsimikizika kukhumudwa. Udindo wofunikira kwambiri wa kupezeka kwa zakudya m'thupi mwa azimayi ndiwosamala. Chilichonse chiyenera kukhala choperewera: chidutswa cha chokoleti chidzakhala chopindulitsa, koma ngati mutadya chokoleti chonse nthawi imodzi, ndiye kuti thupi lanu silingayamikire.

Mfundo ina yofunika: ludzu ndi njala zimasokonekera mosavuta. Ngati mukumva kuti muli ndi njala, ndikwabwino kuti muzimwa kaye kapu ya madzi oyera m'malo mongoyikiratu. Komanso, ndi ukalamba, thupi limatenga chinyezi kwambiri (ichi ndi chiwonetsero china cha kusintha kwa thupi).

Kusiya nthawi ndi nthawi yofunikira kwambiri kuyang'anira kunenepa. Kuphatikiza kapena kusiya kilogalamu imodzi ndikwabwinobwino. Koma ngati awiri enanso apezeka pamakala, ndiye kuti akufunika kuchitapo kanthu: kuwonjezera zolimbitsa thupi, kukonza tsiku loti mudzagulitsi kapena kumapeto kwa sabata. Dzikumbutseni kuti si chakudya chokha chomwe chimabweretsa chisangalalo m'moyo.

Kusiya nthawi ndi nthawi yofunikira kwambiri kuyang'anira kunenepa. Zambiri zakufufuza zamankhwala zimatsimikizira: ndikayamba kusintha kwa kusintha kwa thupi, oposa theka la azimayi amawona kuwonjezeka kwa thupi

Pali malingaliro olakwika akuti matenda ashuga ndi mahomoni obwezeretseka ndi kusintha kwa thupi ndizosagwirizana. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, ngakhale pali zambiri zomwe zimapezeka pakubwezeretsanso ma hormone (HRT), osati odwala okha, komanso madokotala adavomereza kusinthika kwa kusintha kwa kusintha kwa thupi komanso kusamba kwambiri kwa azimayi omwe ali ndi mbiri yodwala matenda ashuga. Komabe, pali chizolowezi chakunja chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndi HRT ndi kusintha kwa thupi kwa odwala. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala obadwanso mwatsopano ali ndi estrogens, omwe mu mawonekedwe awo amthupi amafanana ndi mahomoni achilengedwe ndipo alibe zovuta zomwe madotolo adadodometsa kale.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti zotsutsana za HRT zakhala zikugwirizana ndi mphamvu ya ma gestagens. Zowonadi, ma progestogen ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mbuyomu anali ndi vuto la carbohydrate ndi metabolidi ya lipid ndikuwononga zabwino za estrogen. Koma ma progestogen amakono samaphwanya kagayidwe ka mafuta ndipo amathandizira kukhazikika kwa 5.

Pambuyo pakuchita kafukufuku wambiri wotsimikizira zoyipa zabwino zakumagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa mahomoni ena, American College of Doctor inalinganiza kuperekera mankhwalawa kwa azimayi onse panthawi yakusamba chifukwa chosagwirizana

Lero, ndi nthawi yoti azachipatala azitha kuthetsa tsankho pa HRT. Ndipo izi ndizowona makamaka kwa amayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2. Zowonadi, malinga ndi ziwerengero zamankhwala, pafupifupi 90% ya odwala amabwera kutsogolo kudandaula kuchokera ku urogenital thirakiti, lomwe, limachotsa mkazi moyo wonse.

87% ya akazi akuda nkhawa zauma, kuwuma komanso kuyaka nyini.

51% - ululu paubwenzi,

45.7% - kuphwanya chikhodzodzo ndi kukodza kowawa,

30% - kwamkodzo kutuluka 6.

American College of Physicians (ACP), itachita kafukufuku wambiri ikutsimikizira zovuta zoyipa zomwe zimachitika pakubwera kwa mankhwala othandizira kusintha kwa kubereka, akuwonetsa kuti mankhwalawa amayenera kuperekedwa kwa azimayi onse pakalibe zotsutsana. Makamaka, chithandizo chimalimbikitsidwa kwa iwo omwe:

chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a mtima,
wapezeka ndi matenda a shuga a 2
pali zizindikiro za kunenepa kwambiri 7.

Oimira ena onse omwe ali ndi theka la "40 kuphatikiza" amayenera kuwunika kuchuluka kwa shuga ndikuyambitsa HRT munthawi kuti zizindikiro zosasangalatsa za kusamba zitha kudutsa.

1, 3 O.R. Grigoryan, E.N. Andreeva. Federal State Institution "Endocrinological Research Center of Rosmedtehnologii", Moscow. Kuchepa kwa azimayi azimayi omwe ali ndi vuto la metabolism. Onani za gynecologist-endocrinologist. Zolemba za madokotala "Wovuta wodwala." Okutobala 2007

2, 4 M.B. Antsiferov, O.R. Grigoryan. Endocrinological Research Center RAMS, Moscow. Njira yothetsera mphamvu ya mahomoni m'malo mwa azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 pakuchepa. Medical zasayansi komanso othandiza portal "Kufika kwa dokotala".

5 R.A. Manusharova, E.I. Cherkezov. Type II matenda ashuga mwa azimayi am'mbuyomu. "Russian Medical Journal", No. 6, 2006.

6 O.R. Grigoryan. Federal State Institution "Endocrinological Research Center of Rosmedtehnologii". Mahomoni obwezeretsa m'malo mwa amayi omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu II komanso kunenepa kwambiri pa nthawi ya azimayi a peri- and postmenopausal. Nyuzipepala yotchedwa "ogwira Pharmacotherapy. Endocrinology. " Ayi. 2. 2008.

7 O.R. Grigoryan, E.N. Andreeva. FSBI ENC, dipatimenti ya Endocrine Gynecology. Zomwe zimachitika ndi mahomoni obwezeretsanso azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Nyuzipepala yotchedwa "ogwira Pharmacotherapy. Endocrinology. " Ayi. 2. 2012.

Kanema woyenera:

Endocrinologist Olga Dvoinishnikova (Endocrinological Research Center of RAMS) - pa momwe angakhalire wathanzi panthawi yopumira.

Kodi chiwopsezo cha kusamba koyamba ndi chiyani, zizindikilo zake ndi njira zake zochizira

Climax ndi nthawi yachilengedwe m'moyo wa mayi aliyense. Zimachitika pamene nthawi yogawa komanso kubereka ana (nthawi yachonde) imatha. Kusintha kwazinthu zam'mlengalenga komwe kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, kufooka, kuchepa kwa magazi, kuchepa kwa msambo. Kusamba komaliza m'moyo wa mkazi kumatchedwa kusamba, ndipo nthawi yotsalira pambuyo pake imatha chaka china, ndiye kuti chimake chimatha.

Kukhazikika kwa kusintha kwa mahomoni kumachitika mwa mayi aliyense payekhapayekha, koma kusintha kwa thupi kuubwana kumakhala kofanana kwambiri ndi matenda. Zimachitika pafupifupi mwa mayi 100 wazaka zapakati, pakapita nthawi, izi zimachuluka.

Kuponderezedwa koyambirira kwa zochitika za m'mimba mwa thumba losunga mazira kumachitika mwa akazi azaka 40 ndi kupitirira (mpaka zaka 45). Ngati kusintha kwa kubereka kumayamba ali ndi zaka 35- 40, kumchedwa kusanachitike. Zaka zoyambirira zoyambirira zamakhalidwe oterewa sizochepa, chifukwa zimatha kuchititsidwa, mwachitsanzo, kuchotsa mazira chifukwa cha kuvulala kwam'mimba kapena khansa, ngakhale mwa mkazi wachichepere. Komabe, kusintha kwa kubereka, komwe kunabwera zaka 30, ndikungokhala wosafunikira kwenikweni, kumafunikira chithandizo. Matendawa atangoyamba, zotsatira zake zimakhala zoipa kwambiri.

Mchitidwe wogonana wa azimayi komanso msambo ndi gawo lovuta lomwe limayendetsedwa ndimayendedwe a mayankho komanso kutenga nawo mbali kwa mahomoni a pituitary gonadotropin. Gonadotropins amapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zomasulidwa (zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti amasulidwe), zomwe zimapangidwa ndi hypothalamus. Tcheni chonsechi chimalumikizana ndi ubongo wama cortex komanso dongosolo la mantha amthupi, lomwe limapatsa thupi osadziwa. Zotsatira zilizonse pazomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa zimatha kubweretsa kuphwanya.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kusamba kwam'mimba zimayambira mosiyana, koma ambiri aiwo amachita mwachindunji pamazira am'mimba, kuwononga mosazungulira.

Kuphwanya msambo, kukulitsa nthawi pakati pa msambo, kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa zotuluka komanso kuchepa kwathunthu kwa msambo (amenorrhea).
Kusabereka
Mawonekedwe a kuchepa kwa estrogen.

Kuchepetsa msambo ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zoyambira kulephera kwamkaka. Amyorrhea amadzachitika ngati pakakhala kusamba osachepera miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Ngati zimachitika kawirikawiri, koma kangapo kamodzi pakapita masiku 35, matendawa amatchedwa oligomenorrhea. Ikufotokozanso zakuyamba kwa kusamba. Ammeriya ndi wachiwiri mu thupi, ndiko kuti, asanabadwe, mayiyo amakhala ndi nthawi yofanana yosamba.

Chizindikiro chofunikira chosiya kubereka ndi kusabereka - kulephera kutenga pakati. Ili ndi chikhalidwe chachiwiri ndipo imalumikizidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa ma gonads achikazi. Kuchepa kwa kupanga kwa mahomoni ogonana mumchiberekero pogwiritsa ntchito makina amayankho kumapangitsa kuti chiwonetsero chazitulutsa. Mlingo wa timadzi timeneti timagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunika kuchuluka kwa zoletsa zamagonana. Ngati kuchuluka kwa FSH kudutsa mayunitsi 20 / l, ndiye kuti kubereka kumakhala kovuta.

Zizindikiro zakuyamba kusamba kumayambanso chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya estrogen ku ziwalo zonse. Zikufanana ndi kusintha kwa thupi, koma kumatchulidwa:

kumva kutentha, redness ya nkhope, thukuta, kuwukira mwadzidzidzi kupuma - zomwe zimatchedwa "kutentha kwamphamvu",
kusokonezeka kwa magawo am'maganizo ndi m'malingaliro - kusakwiya, kulira, kusokoneza tulo, zovuta pokumbukira ndikupenda zambiri, kuchepa kwa ntchito,
kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya mtima ndi kukula kwa dyshormonal myocardial dystrophy, yomwe imawonetsedwa ndi kusokonezeka kwa ntchito ya mtima, kupuma movutikira poyenda, kusisita kupweteka pachifuwa chakumanzere popanda kulumikizana ndi katundu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosasangalatsa pachifuwa, nthawi zina yayitali komanso yamphamvu.
Kuuma kwa nyini mucosa, kuwotcha ndi kuyabwa kunja kwa maliseche, kwamikodzo mosakhazikika pakutsokomola, kuseka, kusuntha kwadzidzidzi.

Chifukwa cha kulephera msanga m'mimba mwa mayi, zotsatira za kusamba kwam'mimba zimayamba, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri moyo wake zaka zambiri:

matenda a mafupa
atherosulinosis
njira za autoimmune.

Osteoporosis ndi mafupa ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa estrogen. Monga mukudziwa, mothandizidwa ndi mahomoni awa, mafupa amatenga michere m'magazi, makamaka calcium. Kuphatikiza apo, ma estrogens amathandizira kupanga calcitonin, mahomoni ena omwe amalimbitsa kapangidwe ka mafupa.

Ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni azakugonana achikazi, calcium imaleka kulowa minofu ya mafupa, ngakhale zili zambiri m'magazi. Nthawi yomweyo, njira za kugwirizanitsa mafupa, ndiye kuti, "resorption", zimathandizidwa. Mafupa pamapeto pake amatha mphamvu, matenda achilengedwe. Ngakhale kuvulala pang'ono kapena kutembenuka koyipa, mzimayi amatha kuthyoka khosi, mawonekedwe, kupindika kwa msana. Zizindikiro za mafupa - kufupika kukula, kupweteka m'mafupa ndi msana, kusintha kafotokozedwe.

Ma estrogens amateteza mkazi kuti asadwale. Ndi kupanda kwawo kachulukidwe lipoproteins ("cholesterol yoyipa") amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowononga khoma lamitsempha, ndikuyambitsa kutupa ndi mapangidwe a malo a atherosulinotic m'mitsempha. Zotsatira za atherosulinosis yoyambirira ndi vuto la mtima, kugunda, mesenteric vascular thrombosis ndi matenda ena a mtima.

Coronary atherosulinosis imayambitsa kukula kwa matenda a mtima. Ndiosowa kwambiri mwa azimayi achichepere, koma ndikayamba kusamba, nthawi zambiri matendawa amakula kwambiri. Myocardial ischemia imawonetsedwa ndikukanikiza kapena kuwotcha kupweteka kumbuyo kwa sternum yomwe imachitika poyenda kapena kukwera masitepe ndi kudutsa mwachangu pambuyo poyimitsa.

Kodi chiwopsezo cha kusamba koyamba kwa ziwalo zina ndi chiani? Ngati imayamba chifukwa cha matenda otchedwa ovary syndrome, nthawi zambiri imayendetsedwa ndi njira zina za autoimmune. Ndi kuwonongeka kofananako ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, Hashimoto's autoimmune chithokomiro chimayamba. Matendawa amatha kuonekera ndi zizindikiro za hypo- ndi hyperthyroidism. Ntchito za mtima, dongosolo lamanjenje, chimbudzi chimasokonekera, khungu limayamba kuwonongeka. Autoimmune alopecia, alopecia, imapezekanso mwa odwala. Autoimmune thrombocytopenia imayendera limodzi ndi kukhetsa magazi ndi kuvulala pang'ono, mapangidwe a kuvulala pakhungu ndi mucous nembanemba.

Chilengedwe cha Autoimmune ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga komanso matenda a Addison (adrenal insuffence). Awa ndi mikhalidwe yoyipa yomwe ingayambitse kulemala ngakhale kufa kwa mkazi.

Ngati tikumbukira zomwe zidayambitsa izi, tiona kuti nthawi zambiri ndizosatheka kuzikopa. Chifukwa chake, etiotropic chithandizo sichikugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zoyenera kuchita ndi nthawi yakuyamba kusamba? Choyamba, muyenera kulumikizana ndi gynecologist. Dokotala adzafufuza wodwalayo, kuti adziwe mbiri ya moyo wake komanso matenda ake, kupereka maphunziro:

Kutsimikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a gonadotropic, estradiol, prolactin, mahomoni olimbikitsa a chithokomiro.
kupatula pituitary adenoma - kuwunika kwa X-ray pa chisa cha ku Turkey, chowerengera kapena maginito oyesa a maginito a malowa,
kupimidwa kwa ultrasound kwa ziwalo zoberekera - chiberekero, mazira,
mammography kapena ma ultrasound a tiziwalo tating'onoting'ono,
kusanthula kwa majini kuti mupeze zodabadwa zathu,
densitometry yovomerezeka ndi osteoporosis munthawi yake.

Tsoka ilo, yankho la funso la momwe mungayimitsire kusintha kwa kubereka sikudziwika ngati mankhwala. Njira sizinapangidwe kuti zibwezeretse ntchito yotayika ya ziwalo zoberekera, kufalikira kwa ziwalozi sikumachitidwanso.

Chifukwa chake, mankhwala othandizira pathogenetically okhazikika amachitika - mankhwala a mahomoni amaperekedwa.

Zotsatira zoyenera za kupatsirana kwa timadzi timadzi timene timayambitsa kusamba:

kuchotsera kwa zizindikiro zosasangalatsa za mkhalidwe wamtunduwu - kutentha kwa moto, thukuta, mavuto azakugonana, ndi zina zotero,
kupewa matenda a atherosulinosis ndi mtima, motero, ndi zovuta zake - myocardial infarction, stroke, gangrene of the limb and many,
matenda a lipid ndi chakudya kagayidwe, kupewa kunenepa kwambiri, matenda a shuga, matenda oopsa oopsa,
kupewa mafupa am'mimbamo ndi zotsatirapo zake - kupindika kwa msana ndi mafupa a miyendo.

Zomwe mutenge ndi kuyamba kusamba, adokotala azilangizani. Nthawi zambiri izi zimakhala zakukonzekera kwa estradiol kapena kuphatikiza kwake ndi progestogens. Gawo la progestogen limagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa kukondoweza kwa estrojeni pa endometrium pofuna kupewa hyperplasia kapena kusintha kwamkati mwa chiberekero. Chifukwa chake, Dufaston (gestagen) ndi Estrofem (estradiol) nthawi zambiri amalembedwa limodzi.

Nthawi zambiri, mapiritsi amawayikidwa, koma pali zigamba za khungu, mafuta okumba kapena ma gels omwe amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekerera mawonekedwe a piritsi. Chitsanzo ndi kachitidwe ka transdermal kokhala ndi estradiol Klimara, khungu la khungu la Estrogel.

Chimodzi mwazida zotchuka kwambiri zochizira kusamba, kuphatikizapo koyambirira, ndi Angelique. Ili ndi estradiol ndi drospirenone, yomwe ili ndi gestagenic zotsatira ndi zina zabwino zopindulitsa. Mankhwalawa adapangidwira mosalekeza, samayambitsa magazi ndipo amachotsa bwino zizindikiro zonse ndi zovuta za msanga komanso kusamba.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amaperekedwa pakuyamba kusamba

Njira zina zochizira ndi zongothandizanso. Mavitamini A, E, C adayikidwa kuti achepetse kuwonongeka kwa thumba losunga mazira ndi mtima. Pambuyo pokambirana ndi katswiri, homeopathy imagwiritsidwanso ntchito: kukonzekera Acidum Sulfuricum, Glonoin, Remens, Klimadinon. Amathandizanso kuzindikira zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kusamba - kutentha kwamphamvu, kufooka.

Muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti palibe mwazonsezi mankhwalawa omwe atsimikizira kuti amagwira ntchito kwambiri pakufufuza kwasayansi ndipo osavomerezeka kuti agwiritsidwe, mwachitsanzo, ndi zolemba zakunja. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mukamamwa mankhwalawa, nthawi zambiri mzimayi amawononga ndalama, koma osapeza zomwe akufuna. Komabe, adzaphonya nthawi yofunika chithandizo choyenera.

Zipatala zina zimapereka chithandizo cha plasmapheresis kuti muchepetse zizindikiro za kutha msambo, makamaka kutentha. Njira imakhala yotulutsira gawo lina lamwazi kudzera m'chiwiya cham'kati, ndikuchigawa m'magazi ndi seramu, ndikusintha gawo la seramu popanda yankho.

Plasmapheresis adadzitsimikizira yekha pazochitika za poyizoni, kulephera kwa impso, kuwotcha matenda ndi zina. Ndi kusintha kwa kubereka, palibe chifukwa chofunikira chotere. Ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri, zotsatira zake ndizakanthawi kochepa, ndipo zopindulitsa paumoyo ndiwokayikira.

Kodi ndizotheka kubwezeretsa kusamba ndi kusamba?

Amayi ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la kufa kwa mchiberekero ali ndi chidwi ndi nkhaniyi. Nthawi zina, izi ndizotheka, koma atangoyesedwa kwathunthu ndi dokotala wazachipatala woyenerera. Ndipo, tachidziwikire, chithandizo cha mahomoni chopatsa mphamvu gonads sichitha kupewedwa.

Inde, kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, msambo umasungidwabe ndipo pali mwayi wosunga mazira, mutha kutenga pakati. Ngati izi siziphatikizidwa m'malingaliro a wodwala, ayenera kufunsa dokotala za njira zoyenera zotetezera. Ngati akufuna kukhala ndi pakati, muyenera kudziwitsanso dokotala wazamankhwala za izi. Pambuyo pa msambo osapitilira chaka, mwayi wokhala ndi pakati umakhala wopanda zero.

Pali nthano yokhazikika yomwe yoyamwitsa yoyamwitsa imapangitsa kuti azimayi azisamba msanga. Izi sizili choncho. Zomwe zimayambitsa kusamba kwam'mimba ndizowonongeka kwa ziwalo za m'mimba, zomwe sizimachitika mwana akamadyetsedwa mkaka.

Kusakhalako kwa mazira pakumayamwa ndi mayendedwe achilengedwe a thupi, "lotengera" mwachilengedwe ngati chitetezo pobwereza m'mimba mwana wam'mbuyomu asanadyetse (lactational amenorrhea). Iziorrhea wochezeka uyu alibe chochita ndi kusintha kwa msambo.

Yankho la funsoli likuwonekeratu ngati tikumbukiranso zomwe zidatitsogolera. Mkazi sangasinthe chibadwa chake, sangathe kuyambitsa matenda obadwa nawo.

Chifukwa chake, kupewa kumakhala ndi izi: kuyambira paubwana kwambiri, mtsikana, kenako mtsikana ndi mkazi ayenera kuphunzitsidwa kusamalira thanzi lawo, kupewa matenda otupa a ziwalo zoberekera, kugonana mwangozi, komanso kuchotsa mimba. Mkazi aliyense amayenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi ndi katswiri wazamankhwala ndi akatswiri azamankhwala munthawi yake kuti azindikire chotupa kapena matenda ena akulu omwe amatha kuchiritsidwa koyambirira popanda zotsatira zoyipa za gonads.

Rumyantseva T. Zakudya za odwala matenda ashuga. SPb., Litera Publishing House, 1998, masamba 383, kufalitsa makope 15,000.
Endocrinology. Big Medical Encyclopedia, Eksmo - M., 2011. - 608 c.
Mazovetsky A.G. Matenda a shuga a mellitus / A.G. Mazowiecki, V.K. Velikov. - M: Mankhwala, 2014 .-- 288 p.

Ndiloleni ndidziwitse. Dzina langa ndi Elena. Ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito ya endocrinologist kwa zaka zoposa 10. Ndikukhulupirira kuti pakadali pano ndili katswiri pantchito yanga ndipo ndikufuna kuthandiza alendo onse omwe amapezeka pamalowo kuti athetse zovuta osati ntchito. Zinthu zonse za tsambalo amazisonkhanitsa ndikuzikonza mosamala kuti athe kufotokoza zambiri zofunikira. Musanagwiritse ntchito zomwe zikufotokozedwa pa webusaitiyi, kufunsana ndi akatswiri ndizofunikira nthawi zonse.

Mitundu ya shuga m'magazi

Insulin ndiye mahomoni ofunikira kwambiri omwe amapangidwa mu kapamba. Ndiye mthandizi wofunikira kwambiri m'thupi pakukhazikitsa shuga m'magazi, ndikuwathandiza kuthana ndi chakudya komanso shuga. Insulin imayang'anira njira zonse zokhudzana ndi mphamvu mthupi.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a mkazi kumatengedwa kukhala kuyambira 3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / g. Mukatha kudya, imakwera ndipo imatha kukula mpaka 7 mmol / g. Ndi chifukwa ichi kuti mayeso a shuga amaperekedwa kokha pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Mtengo wa glucose wapakati mwa mkazi wathanzi ndi 5 mmol / G. Masamba atayamba kusamba, mkazi amatha kudumphadumpha wodwala m'magazi, shuga amatha kukula kwambiri kuposa masiku onse. Izi zikuwonetsedwa pazonse zomwe ali nazo, chifukwa glucose ndiye amachititsa kukhazikika kwa ziwalo za akazi.

Ngati mayi ali ndi matenda a kapamba, pali kuphwanya kwa chinsinsi, ndipo muyezo umatha kuchoka pamwambo kupita pa 11 mmol / g. Kenako titha kulankhula za kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga.

Kusamba ndi matenda ashuga

Kuchotsa kusamba ndi kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana mthupi.

Mavuto a shuga ndi kusamba:

Kusintha kwa shuga wamagazi. Ma progesterone ofunikira a mahomoni ndi estrogen amafunikira kuyankhidwa kwa maselo ku insulin. Pambuyo pakutha msambo, mayi yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatha kuzindikira kuti thupi lake limasintha nthawi zonse shuga, zomwe sizinawonedwe kale. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti muchepetse kusintha kwadzidzidzi mu shuga, chifukwa mwina zovuta zimatha kuoneka.
Kusokonezeka tulo. Kuwala kotentha, komanso thukuta lomwe limachulukirachulukira, kumatha kuwononga mitsempha komanso ziwalo zam'mimba zopweteka. Zonsezi zimabweretsa kusowa tulo komanso kugona pang'ono usiku. Maloto oyipa amakhudza kutsitsa shuga.
Mavuto m'moyo wanu. Matendawa amatha kupangitsa kuti zimagwira mucous. Potengera zonse za izi, moyo wakugonana sukumabweretsa chisangalalo. Pamodzi ndi kusamba, matenda ashuga angayambitse mavuto akulu azakugonana.
Matenda opatsirana. Shuga wokwera amathandizira kumatenda osiyanasiyana ngakhale asanadutse. Kuchuluka kwa estrogen kumapeto kwa msambo kumalimbikitsa mabakiteriya ndi bowa, ndikuwathandiza kukula mwachangu.
Kulemera msanga. Nthawi isanathe, kusiya kwambiri kulemera kumatheka, komwe kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Miyeso yokhazikika ya shuga. Ndikotheka kuti mukayamba kusamba, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa shuga lanu mosamala kwambiri kuposa kale. Ndikofunika kusunga diary komwe muyenera kusunga zosintha zonse za shuga komanso kukhalapo kwa zizindikiro zosokoneza. Ngati ndi kotheka, adotolo adzagwiritsanso ntchito zilembo zonse kuti apereke mankhwala oyenera.
Moyo. Masewera ndi kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndi chinsinsi cha chithandizo choyenera. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi, zopatsa mphamvu, zitha kuthandiza kukonza mkhalidwe pakumalizira kwa msambo.
Sinthani magawo a zida zothandizira. Kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi kungafune kusintha kwa mankhwala ena. Zitha kukhala zofunikira kuchepetsa kapena mosinthanitsa kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kapena kugula atsopano.
Cholesterol. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ali pachiwopsezo. Anthu oterewa amatha kudwala matenda a mtima. Amayi omwe amatha kusamba amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Kuti muchepetse chiwopsezo, ndikofunikira kutsogolera moyo wamasewera ndikudya chakudya choyenera komanso choyenera. Malinga ndi zomwe dokotala wanena, ndizotheka kumwa mankhwala apadera omwe cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa cholesterol.
Kulimbana ndi zizindikiro za kutha kwa msambo. Mafunde amoto, ziwalo zam'mimba zowuma ndi zizindikiro zina zokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa thupi kungayambitse kusasangalala. Kuti athane nawo, adotolo atha kupaka mafuta ofunikira pakumera kwanyini, ndipo akatakomoka, amamulembera mankhwala a mahomoni.

Kusamba ndi mitundu ya matenda ashuga

Kusiya kwa msambo ndi nthawi yosinthika m'miyoyo ya mkazi aliyense, pomwe kumazimirwa kwamira. Pakadali pano, mzimayi wamkazi, kusintha kwa ma hormone kumachitika, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kungasinthe.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya matenda ashuga.

Mtundu woyamba umachokera pakusowa kwa insulin m'matipi, omwe amachititsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo opanga insulin a islets a Langerhans. Anthu omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe oyamba amatha kutha kusamba kale kuposa momwe amayenera kukhalira.

Mtundu wachiwiri umachitika pamene zochita za insulin m'matumbo ziwonongeka. Ndi matendawa, maselo amthupi amakhala osaganizira insulin. Mtundu wachiwiri, m'malo mwake, ukhoza kuchedwetsa kusamba kwa kusintha kwa nthawi kwakanthawi. Zambiri mwa izi zimagwira ntchito kwa azimayi omwe ali ndi mapaundi owonjezera. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umatha kukhala chifukwa chobadwa mwabodza komanso mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zakunja.

Zinthu za mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda osokoneza bongo:

Mitundu. Odwala omwe ali ndi abale omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matendawa. Chiwerengero cha chiwopsezo chili pafupifupi 3-9%.
Kulemera kwambiri. Pamaso pa mapaundi owonjezera pamimba, chiwopsezo cha minofu ya thupi kupita ku insulin chimachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matenda ayambe.
Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi. Kudya zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chamagulu ambiri, komanso kusakwanira kwa fiber, zimapangitsa kuti mukhale ndi kulemera komanso matenda.
Kupsinjika. Kuchulukitsa kwa adrenaline ndi norepinephrine m'thupi - izi zikuwonetsa kupsinjika, komwe kumakhudza kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga.
Matenda a mtima. Matenda amtundu wamtima amathandizira kuchepa kwa chidwi cha maselo a thupi kupita ku insulin.
Kumwa mankhwala.

Chofunikira kwambiri ndikutha kusiyanitsa pakati pa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga ndi kusamba. Ndiwofanana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake. Mkulu shuga, komanso kutha kwa msambo, amakhala ndi kutopa kwa thupi.

Mu shuga mellitus, pakhoza kukhala kutentha, kupanikizika kumawuka, pali kuyimitsidwa kwina m'dera la mapazi ndi manja, kupanikizika kumatha kuwonjezeka - zizindikiro zonsezi ndizofanana ndi kuyamba kwa msambo. Kuti muzindikire matendawa molondola, kuyezetsa magazi kwa glucose kuyenera kuchitidwa.

Kanema wankhani pamutuwu:

Pang'ono pa matenda a shuga

Matenda a shuga amapezeka m'njira ziwiri. Yemwe akatswiri amati matenda ashuga 1 pa kusintha kwa thupi amadzionetsera koyamba nthawi zambiri. Amadziwika ndi kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa maselo a pancreatic pomwe sangathe kupanga ma insulin okwanira. Kukula kwa matenda ashuga 1 mu kusintha kwa thupi kumadutsa akazi 5-10%. Kukhalapo kwake sikumatha pakadali pano komanso pomwe kumapezeka pa nthawi yobala.

Matenda amtundu wa 2 ndi kuphatikiza kwa masokedwe osokoneza bongo a pancreatic cell and immune immune to insulin. Imalandiridwa ndi azimayi mu 90-95% ya milandu ya matenda ashuga.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani zimatha kukhala ndi matenda ashuga akamasiya?

Climax ndi matenda a shuga zimaphatikizidwa chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cholephera cha mahormone. Kuphatikiza pa kuchepa ndi kusiya kwa kugwira ntchito kwa thumba losunga mazira ndi kusakhazikika kwa magawo a zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi gland pituitary, zosintha zotsatirazi zimachitika pakusintha kwa thupi:

zovuta zama metabolic (kuphatikiza chakudya),
kulakwitsa kwamitsempha yamagazi, i.e. kuphwanya kwa chimbudzi, kupanikizika kwa mafunde,
Kusokonezeka kwa phokoso la mtima, kuchititsa kufooka kwa myocardium, kusokonekera kwa dongosolo mokwanira,
mawonekedwe onenepa kwambiri,
Zizindikiro zoyipa poyerekeza ndi mafupa.

Izi ndi zinthu zonse zomwe zimapangitsa kukalamba kwa thupi, komwe akatswiri amatcha boma losagwirizana ndi insulin.

Chizindikiro chokhala ndi matenda ashuga ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Zimatengera kutengera kwa mankhwala komwe kumachitika osati mu kapamba, komanso minofu ndi chiwindi. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ogonana, kusintha kwa zinthuzo kumayambitsa mavuto mu kupanga insulin ndi kulolera minyewa m'magazi. Amatha kukhala ndi kuchuluka kwa androjeni, ndikuchepetsa kuchepa kwa lipid (ndiye kuti kukula kwa adipose minofu). Ndipo zonse pamwambazi nthawi zambiri zimakhazikitsidwa kuti zisinthe.

Momwe shuga imakhudzira menopausal syndrome

Matenda a shuga amapanga kusintha kwa thupi kale. Nthawi zambiri, kuyambika kwake mwa azimayi omwe ali ndi vutoli kumachitika ali ndi zaka 49, ndipo ndi matenda amtundu woyamba, zizindikilo zoyambirira za ntchito yamchiberekero zimapezeka mu 38-40. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose mthupi, kuposa kuchuluka kofunikira kwa insulin kumapangidwa. Izi zimakhudzana ndi zimakhala za gonads, pituitary, hypothalamus ndi adrenal cortex, zomwe zimathandizanso magwiridwe antchito a kubereka.

Ndipo zizindikilo za kusamba zimasiyana ndi zomwe akazi omwe ali ndi vuto la shuga:

Zizindikiro za urogenital zimabwera. Zowuma mucous zimawonekera, zimaphatikizidwa ndi kuyabwa ndi kuyaka. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kufulumira kwa ziwalo, kukhumudwa kwa chitetezo chokwanira, kuphatikiza zakomweko. Chofunikira ndikuwonjezereka kwa glucose mumkodzo, kuphatikiza ndi kufunika "kuthawa pang'ono." Izi zimayambitsa kufooketsa makoma a ziwalo zogwirizana, kutsogoza njira ya matenda,
Imachepetsa libido. Mwa azimayi omwe ali ndi shuga wamba, kufunikira kwa kugonana kumatha kuchuluka. Matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri amakwiya osati kuwuma kokha, komanso kutupa m'magawo apafupi, kupweteka panthawi yogonana, komwe, kuphatikiza mawonekedwe owoneka, samapereka mpata wokonzanso libido,
Ululu mu mtima umavutikika kwambiri kuposa momwe zimawonekera kawirikawiri pamutu wakuphwanya kwa msambo.Glucose ochulukirapo komanso insulin imayambitsa kukula kwa ma pathologies m'thupi, ma tachycardia, omwe amakhala m'makoma amitsempha yamagazi. Ngakhale ali ndi mishuga yabwinobwino, Zizindikirozi zikuvutitsa kutha kwa kusintha kwa thupi,
Poyerekeza ndi kumbuyo kwa kuchuluka kwa androgens, mawonetseredwe a psychoemotional ndi amphamvu: kukhumudwa, kusakwiya. Zimaphatikizidwa ndi kutentha kwa moto komwe kumachitika ndi kuthamanga mtima komanso kutha kutulutsa thukuta. Zizindikiro zomaliza zimayambitsidwa osati ndi kuchepa kwa estrogens, komanso insulin, komanso kuchuluka kwa testosterone ndi triglycerides khalidwe la matendawa.
Mlingo wa kufooka kwa mafupa pamenepa umatengera kulemera. Ndi zochulukirapo, sizofunika kwenikweni monga kuchuluka kwa minofu ya adipose. Climax ndi shuga mellitus chifukwa cha izo zimapangitsa kukula kwa mafupa (zinthu zomwe zimalimbitsa kapangidwe ka fupa) chifukwa chopanga mahomoni ogonana ndi minyewa ya adipose komanso kuchuluka kwa insulin. Chifukwa chake, azimayi onenepa amakhala ndi mafupa ochulukirapo kuposa akazi oonda.

Mwachitsanzo, thukuta kwambiri, mawonekedwe a kunenepa kwambiri, kufooka kwathunthu, kutopa msanga. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira nthawi yosinthira kuti iwonedwe pafupipafupi ndi akatswiri.

Momwe mungapangire kukhala wathanzi ndi kusintha kwa thupi ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga

Matenda a shuga ndi kusamba limodzi akhoza kukhala bwino. Chifukwa chake sichingakhale chovuta kumangomwa mankhwala kuti musinthe shuga ndikudikirira kuti thupi lisinthe.

Pofuna kukonza zambiri, katswiri amatha kuthandizira mankhwala a homeopathic ndi mankhwala azitsamba:

Zikumbutso,
Qi Klim
Climactoplan
Klimakt-Hel,
Klimadinon.

Koma nthawi zina samakhala ndi vuto lokwanira kuwonekera kwa menoparance. Kenako pakhale kufunikira kwa mankhwala a mahomoni. Koma kodi ndizovomerezeka ku matenda ashuga?

Timalimbikitsa kuwerenga nkhani yokhudza kupezeka kwa mankhwala oletsa kusamba. Muphunzira za kufunika kwa kumwa mankhwala a mahomoni ndi zotsatira zake pa thupi la mkazi nthawi yomwe akusamba, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa mankhwala a homeopathic.

Kodi matenda a HRT ndi shuga ndi ogwirizana?

Ndikosatheka kuyesa mahomoni. Kuti akhale poikidwiratu, katswiri ayenera kaye ayambe kumufufuza wodwalayo pogwiritsa ntchito ultrasound, kuyeza magazi.

Ma estrogens, omwe amachotsa zizindikiritso zambiri za kusamba, amadziwika kuti amalimbikitsa shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, zotumphukira zina za progesterone, zofunikira pakukonzekera kusintha kwa thupi kupatula mwayi wambiri wa endometrium ndi mawonekedwe a zotupa, zimakulitsa insulin. Ndipo mukamamwa mapiritsi, mahomoni amakhudza chiwindi, ngati mungafunikire kuthana ndi zovuta kuzizindikiro, muyenera kukonda plasters kapena jakisoni.

Izi sizotsutsana ngati chithandizo cha mahomoni chimaperekedwa kwa miyezi 3-6. Kenako mankhwala aliwonse amavomerezeka. Pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali, akatswiri amapewa kupatsa mankhwala omwe ali ndi levonorgestrel ndi medroxyprogesterone acetate. Zimalepheretsa kuti ma cell azitha kuzindikira insulin. Chifukwa chake, pakanthawi kochepa mankhwala:

Kutalika
Wamkazi
Triaclim
Yogwira

Ngati mahomoni amafunikira mosalekeza, ndiye kuti kusankha kungakhale kwa mankhwala:

Ndi zizindikiro zazikulu za urogenital, muyenera kudziletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala am'deralo:

Koma nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kuwongolera kuti candidiasis isachitike. Ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose okwanira, ndizotheka.

Ndipo ngati pali matenda ena, ndiye kuti moyo ndi iye ungakhale wovomerezeka. Ndikofunikira kuteteza thanzi kwathunthu, popanda kuwopa madotolo ndi mankhwala.

Matendawa. Chimake Zakudya zokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa kusintha kwa thupi kwa msambo 5. Zaka za kukalamba kwa azimayi ambiri amasintha m'njira zambiri. . Momwe mungapulumukire kusamba: zopatsa thanzi, phwando. Climax ndi matenda ashuga: zimayambitsa chitukuko.

Chimake Zotsatira za matenda a shuga pa msambo. . Chifukwa chake, kusamba kwa matenda ashuga kumakhalanso kosiyanasiyana ndi zomwe zimachitika popanda iwo.

Amayambitsa kuyabwa ndi kusintha kwa msambo 1. Kukhazikika kwa mucosa wa ukazi mu kusamba, ndi kosapeweka. . Matenda a shuga. Mafuta am'magazi amatulutsa zovuta zam'mitsempha, ndiye kuti, kuwonongeka m'magazi kumisempha.

Njira zochizira kusintha kwa msambo kwa akazi. Kusamba kusanachitike kumachitika pafupifupi 2% ya milandu. . Matenda a mtima, Hypertension, matenda a shuga, Stroke, matenda a Alzheimer's

Kuyendetsa kumakhala kofunika nthawi iliyonse, koma ndikofunikira makamaka ndi kusintha kwa thupi komanso isanachitike. . Pakapita nthawi, izi zimatha kudzetsa matenda a mtima, sitiroko, matenda a shuga, kukomoka, kupunduka kwa msana komanso mafupa.

Uku ndikulephera kwa mahomoni, chiwopsezo chake chosiya kusamba kumakhala ndi zifukwa zachilengedwe. Matenda a shuga, matenda oopsa a m'mimba, zotupa, zotupa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa mwa amayi pambuyo pa 45.