Humulin nph

Kuyimitsidwa kwa jakisoni (mosadukiza kapena kudzera m'mitsempha) kumakhala ndi insulin ya anthu omwe amapezeka pa 40 kapena 100 IU / ml, amapezeka m'mbale 10 ml kapena mu 1.5 ndi 3 ml cartridgeges a syringe pens.

Zochita zochizira: kuyamba - mphindi 30 pambuyo pa utsogoleri, pazotheka - pakati pa 1 ndi 3 maola, nthawi yayitali kuyambira maola 5 mpaka 7.

Mankhwala ena amakhala ndi zovuta kupanga.

Mwachitsanzo, Humulin MZ ndi chisakanizo cha ma insulin awiri: sungunuka wa insulin ya anthu (30%) ndikuyimitsidwa kwa insofan-protamine insulin (70%) yaumunthu. Dzinalo lathunthu ndi insulin biphasic (umisiri wofufuza chibadwa cha anthu).

Biphasicity ndi chifukwa cha padera pazochitika za mankhwalawa: zotsatira zoyambirira zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zochita za insulin yochepa, yomwe ndi gawo limodzi, ndiye kuti insulin yotalikilapo imawonekera.

Zochitika pambuyo mphindi 30, pazotheka kwambiri pambuyo maola 2-8, kutalika kwa maola 24.

Ziyenera kukumbukiridwa!

Mankhwala onse a gululi m'masitolo ogulitsa mankhwala amaperekedwa mwa ma ampoules kapena Mbale zokhala ndi mawonekedwe amadzimadzi mu mawonekedwe a piritsi sizichitikaSimungathe kumwa iwo. Amafunikanso mosamala kuti apatsidwe mankhwala a mankhwalawo. Chosangalatsa chimaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala, omwe ali ndi mafotokozedwe ndi mitundu ya Mlingo, koma musanagwiritse ntchito, muyenera kulumikizana ndi katswiri.

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito

Humulins amathandizidwa ndikudutsa matumbo a m'mimba (subcutaneous kapena kudzera m'mitsempha). Malinga ndi malamulowo, wodwalayo amayenera kuphunzira maphunziro, mwachitsanzo, kusukulu za "matenda ashuga." Ndi magawo angati patsiku kuti alandire wodwala amayambitsidwa ndi dokotala.

• Mlingo wa mankhwalawa, wosankhidwa ndi dokotala, amatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito komanso kudya mthupi motsogozedwa ndi odwala (koma ophunzitsidwa).
• Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. mokhazikika. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito molingana, ngakhale wodwala ndi wamwamuna kapena wamkazi.

Mwa ana, mankhwalawa amavomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito. Kugwiritsanso ntchito kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi glycemia. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati zaka zilola, ana ayenera kuphunzira malamulo a moyo ndi matenda ashuga.

• Kwa odwala okalamba, kuwunikira mosamala kwambiri kwa ntchito ya impso kumafunika, ndipo milingo yaying'ono ya mankhwalawa imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
• Pa nthawi ya pakati, mankhwala amavomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito.
• Humulin ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyamwitsa, ngati mkaka wa m'mawere umasungidwa.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Humulin imatha kuyambitsa lipodystrophy (pamalo opangira jakisoni), kukana insulini, matupi awo sagwirizana, kutsika kwa potaziyamu, komanso kuchepa kwakanthawi kwakanthawi. Zotsatira zoyipa (chifuwa) zimayambitsidwa osati ndi insulin yokha, koma ndi omwe amapezeka ndi mankhwalawa, motero, kuloledwa ndi mankhwala ena a insulin amaloledwa.

Kuchita ndi mankhwala ena

Poika humulin amafunika kusiya chidwi kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi imodzi ndi mankhwala otsatirawa:

• Kupititsa patsogolo zotsatira za hypoglycemic:

1. Salicylates,
2. Sulfonamides,
3. Beta blockers,
4. Kukonzekera kokhala ndi Ethanoli
5. Amphetamine
6. Maanabolic steroids,
7. Fibates
8. Pentoxifylline
9. Tetracyclines
10. Phentolamine,
11. Cyclophosphamide.

• Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya hypoglycemic:

1. Kulera kwamlomo
2. Glucocorticosteroids,
3. Thiazide okodzetsa,
4. Diazoxide
5. Tricyclic antidepressants,
6. Madzi a chithokomiro,
7. Isoniazid,
8. Zosangalatsa
9. Nicotinic acid
10. Doxazosin
11. Glucagon
12. Kukula kwamafuta,
13. Othandizira a Syndromeomimetic.

Kukhazikitsa mankhwalawa ndizotheka, koma kusintha kwa humulin kumafunika. Nthawi zambiri ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito ma humulin ndi maantibayotiki limodzi ndi matenda aconco.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a humulin amaphatikizidwa ndi hypoglycemia, ndi owopsa kwambiri ngati chakudya, kuphwanya njira ya jakisoni, ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi sizingaganiziridwe. Zowonjezera malinga ndi kafukufuku wasayansi sizinawonedwe.

Nkhani za mankhwala kutengera chinsinsi.

Lantus ndi Levemir - insulin yokwanira

Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Lantus ndi Levemir ndi mitundu yamakono ya insulin yowonjezera, imabayidwa maola 12-24 aliwonse a mtundu woyamba wa 2 ndi matenda ashuga. Insulin yapakatikati yotchedwa protafan kapena NPH imagwiritsidwabe ntchito. Jakisoni wa insuliniyu amatha pafupifupi maola 8. Mukawerenga nkhaniyi, muphunzira momwe mitundu yonse ya insulini imasiyanirana, yomwe ndi yabwinoko, chifukwa chake muyenera kubayiramo.

• Zochita za Lantus, Levemir ndi Protaphane. Zojambula za mtundu uliwonse wa insulin.
• Malangizo a T1DM ndi T2DM okhala ndi insulin yayitali komanso yachangu.
• Kuwerengeredwa kwa Lantus ndi Levemir usiku: malangizo ndi gawo.
• Momwe mungabayire insulin kuti shuga m'mawa yopanda kanthu idakhala yachilendo.
• Kusintha kuchokera ku protafan kupita ku insulin yowonjezera yamakono.
• Ndi insulin iti bwino - Lantus kapena Levemir.
• Momwe mungasankhire mamawa mlingo wa insulin.
• Zakudya zochepetsera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin mwa 2-7 nthawi ndikuchotsa shuga wamagazi.

Timaperekanso njira yotsatirira komanso yothandiza yokwaniritsira shuga m'magazi m'mimba yopanda kanthu.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kupatsidwa insulin usiku ndi / kapena m'mawa, ngakhale wodwala atalandira jakisoni wa insulin musanadye. Ena odwala matenda ashuga amangofunika chithandizo chokwanira ndi insulin. Ena safuna insulini yowonjezera, koma amapaka insulin yochepa kapena yochepa kwambiri kuti athetse magazi m'magawo atatha kudya. Enanso amafunika onse kuti akhale ndi shuga wabwinopo, apo ayi mavuto a shuga angadzakhale.

Kusankha mitundu ya insulini, mulingo komanso ndandanda ya jakisoni kwa munthu wodwala matendawa amatchedwa "kupanga dongosolo la insulin." Izi zimapangidwa molingana ndi zotsatira za kuyamwa kwathunthu kwa shuga kwa masabata 1-3. Choyamba, muyenera kudziwa momwe shuga mumagazi imakhalira nthawi zosiyanasiyana masana motsutsana ndi zakudya zamagulu ochepa. Pambuyo pake, zimadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wanji wa mankhwala a insulin omwe amafunikira. Werengani nkhani iyi: "Ndi insulin yamtundu wanji ya kubayitsa, munthawi yanji komanso mukuteteza? Njira za matenda a shuga 1 ndi matenda ashuga a 2. ”

Insulin yowonjezera singakhale yofunikira, koma jakisoni wofulumira wa insulin amafunikira musanadye. Kapena mosinthanitsa - mumafunikira insulin yowonjezera usiku, ndipo tsiku mutatha kudya shuga ndi lachilendo. Kapenanso wodwala matenda a shuga apeza vuto lina. Kutsiliza: ngati endocrinologist imapereka mankhwala omwewo kwa odwala ake onse omwe ali ndi Mlingo wokhazikika wa insulin ndipo sayang'ana zotsatira za kuchuluka kwa shuga, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kukaonana ndi dokotala wina.

Chifukwa chomwe insulin yokhala nthawi yayitali imafunikira

Insulin Lantus wa nthawi yayitali, Levemir kapena Protafan ndi ofunikira kuti shuga azisala kudya. Pulogalamu yaying'ono ya insulin imayenda m'magazi a anthu nthawi zonse. Izi zimatchedwa insulin (maziko) a insulin. Zikondazo zimapatsa insulini ya basal mosalekeza, maola 24 patsiku. Komanso, poyankha chakudya, amaponyanso mowiriza zigawo zikuluzikulu za insulin m'magazi. Izi zimatchedwa mlingo wa bolus kapena bolus.

Mabolamu amawonjezera insulin ndende kwakanthawi kochepa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kuzimitsa msanga shuga wowonjezereka yemwe amapezeka chifukwa chakulandila chakudya chomwe wadya. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu 1, kapamba samatulutsa insal kapena insulin. Jekeseni wambiri wa insulin amapereka insulin maziko, insulin insulin.Ndikofunikira kuti thupi "lisadzigaye" mapuloteni ake komanso sizichitika matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis.

Cholinga china chakuchizira matenda a shuga ndi insulin yayitali ndikuletsa kuphedwa kwa maselo ena apanchipic beta. Jekeseni wa Lantus, Levemir kapena Protafan amachepetsa katundu pa kapamba. Chifukwa cha izi, maselo ochepa kwambiri a beta amafa, ambiri a iwo amakhalabe ndi moyo. Zilonda za insulin zowonjezera usiku ndi / kapena m'mawa zimawonjezera mwayi kuti matenda a shuga a 2 sangathe kudwala matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba. Ngakhale kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu 1, ngati gawo la ma beta litha kukhalabe lamoyo, matendawa amayenda bwino. Shuga samadumphadumpha, amakhala ngati ali bwinobwino.

Insulin yomwe imatenga nthawi yayitali imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina zosiyana kwambiri ndi insulin isanadye. Sicholinga chofafaniza shuga wa magazi mukatha kudya. Komanso, siyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ibweretsereni shuga msanga ngati ingadzere mwa inu. Chifukwa insulin yomwe imakhalapo nthawi yayitali sichichedwa kutero. Kuti mumvetsetse zakudya zomwe mumadya, gwiritsani ntchito insulin yochepa kapena yochepa kwambiri. Zomwechonso zimachitika kuti shuga ibweretsedwe mwachangu.

Ngati mukuyesera kupanga mitundu yambiri ya insulini yokhala ndi insulin yowonjezera, zotsatira za chithandizo cha matenda ashuga zidzakhala zopanda pake kwambiri. Wodwalayo amakhala ndi shuga wambiri m'magazi, zomwe zimayambitsa kutopa kwambiri komanso kukhumudwa. Pakangotha ​​zaka zochepa, mavuto adzaoneke omwe amapangitsa munthu kukhala wolumala.

Kodi pali kusiyana kwanji pakati pa molekyulu ya Lantus ndi insulin ya anthu

Insulin Lantus (Glargin) amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira ma genetic. Amapezeka ndi kubwerezabwereza kwa Escherichia coli Escherichia coli bacteria bacteria (K12 tizilombo). Mu molekyulu ya insulin, Glargin anasintha katsitsumzukwa ndi glycine pamalo 21 a A mnyolo, ndipo mamolekyulu awiri a arginine omwe ali pamalo 30 a B unyolo anawonjezedwa. Kuphatikizidwa kwama molekyulu awiri a arginine ku C-terminus ya B-chain adasintha mawonekedwe a isoelectric kuchokera pH 5.4 mpaka 6.7.

Molekyulu ya Lantus - imasungunuka mosavuta ndi pH yokhala ndi acid. Nthawi yomweyo, imakhala yocheperako kuposa insulin yaumunthu, sungunuka pa pH ya thupi pH ya minofu yapansipansi. Kusintha katsabola wa A21 ndi glycine ndi kosagwirizana bwino. Amapangidwira kuti apatse analogue yaku insulin ya anthu ndikukhazikika. Insulin Glargin imapangidwa pa acid acid pH ya 4.0, chifukwa chake ndizoletsedwa kusakanikirana ndi insulin yopangidwa mosavomerezeka pH, komanso kuyipaka ndi mchere kapena madzi osungunuka.

Insulin Lantus (Glargin) imakhala ndi nthawi yayitali chifukwa imakhala ndi mtengo wapadera wotsika wa pH. Kusintha kwa pH kunapangitsa kuti mtundu wamtunduwu wa insulin usungunuke pang'ono pa pH ya thupi ya masamu a subcutaneous. Lantus (Glargin) ndi yankho lomveka bwino. Pambuyo subcutaneous makonzedwe a insulin, iwo amapanga micorecipients mu ndale zosakhalitsa pH wa subcutaneous danga. Insulin Lantus sayenera kuchepetsedwa ndi saline kapena madzi a jekeseni, chifukwa cha izi, pH yake imayandikira mwachizolowezi, ndipo njira yothandizira nthawi yayitali ya insulin idzasokonekera. Ubwino wa Levemir ndikuti ukuwoneka kuti ukuchepetsedwa momwe ungathere, ngakhale izi sizivomerezedwa mwalamulo, werengani zambiri pansipa.

Zambiri za insulin ya nthawi yayitali Levemir (Detemir)

Insulin Levemir (Detemir) ndi analogue wina wokhala ndi insulin yayitali, wopikisana naye ku Lantus, yemwe adapangidwa ndi Novo Nordisk. Poyerekeza ndi insulin yaumunthu, amino acid yomwe ili mu molekyulu ya Levemir idachotsedwa pa malo 30 a B. M'malo mwake, zotsalira za asidi acid, myristic acid, womwe uli ndi maatomu 14 a kaboni, umalumikizidwa ndi amino acid lysine yomwe ili pamalo 29 a B. Chifukwa cha izi, 98-99% ya insulin Levemir m'magazi pambuyo poti jekeseni amamangirira ku albumin.

Levemir imatengeka pang'onopang'ono kuchokera pamalowo jakisoni ndipo imakhala nthawi yayitali. Kuchedwa kwake kumatheka chifukwa chakuti insulin imalowera m'magazi pang'onopang'ono, komanso chifukwa mamolekyulu a insulin analogue amalowa m'maselo omwe amapita pang'onopang'ono. Popeza mtundu wa insulin ulibe tanthauzo lalikulu, chiwopsezo cha hypoglycemia chimachepetsedwa ndi 69%, ndipo usiku hypoglycemia - ndi 46%. Izi zidawonetsedwa ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku wazaka 2 mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 1.

Ndi insulin yotalikilapo kuposa iti - Lantus kapena Levemir?

Lantus ndi Levemir achita zinthu monga insulin analogues, zomwe apeza posachedwapa pochiza matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi insulin. Ndiwofunikira chifukwa ali ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika osapendekera - chithunzi chojambula cha plasma cha mitundu iyi ya insulini chili ndi mtundu wa "mafunde ndege". Imatengera yachilengedwe.

Lantus ndi Detemir ndi mitundu yokhazikika komanso yolosera za insulin. Amagwira pafupifupi odwala osiyanasiyana, komanso masiku osiyanasiyana mwa wodwala yemweyo. Tsopano munthu wodwala matenda ashuga sayenera kusakaniza chilichonse asadzipatse jakisoni wa insulin yayitali, ndipo izi zisanachitike panali kukangana kwakukulu ndi "average" insulin protafan.

Pa phukusi la Lantus kwalembedwa kuti insulini yonse iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakatha milungu 4 kapena masiku 30 phukusi lisindikize. Levemir ali ndi mashelufu okhala ndi nthawi yayitali nthawi 1.5, mpaka masabata 6, komanso osagwirizana mpaka milungu 8. Ngati mutsatira zakudya zamagulu ochepa za matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba kapena a 2, mwina mudzafunika ma insulin okwanira tsiku lililonse. Chifukwa chake, Levemir ikhale yabwino kwambiri.

Palinso malingaliro (osatsimikiziridwa!) Kuti Lantus amawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa kuposa mitundu ina ya insulin. Cholinga chake ndikuti Lantus ali ndi mgwirizano wambiri wa kukula kwama hormone omwe amapezeka pamaselo a khansa. Zambiri zokhudzana ndi kutenga kwa Lantus khansa sizinatsimikizidwe, zotsatira zakusaka ndizotsutsana. Koma mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, Levemir ndiotsika mtengo ndipo sizowopsa. Ubwino wake ndiwakuti Lantus sayenera kuchepetsedwa konse, ndipo Levemir - ngati kuli kotheka, azingokhala mwamwayi. Komanso, akayamba kugwiritsa ntchito, Levemir amasungidwa nthawi yayitali kuposa Lantus.

Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga komanso endocrinologists amakhulupirira kuti ngati milingo yayikulu imayendetsedwa, ndiye kuti jakisoni imodzi ya Lantus patsiku ndi yokwanira. Mulimonsemo, levemir iyenera kubayidwa kawiri patsiku, chifukwa chake, ndi Mlingo waukulu wa insulin, ndizosavuta kuthandizidwa ndi Lantus. Koma ngati mukukhazikitsa pulogalamu yothana ndi matenda a shuga 1 kapena pulogalamu yachiwiri ya matenda ashuga, maulalo omwe amaperekedwa pansipa, ndiye kuti simungafunikire kuchuluka kwa insulin yayikulu. Sitigwiritsa ntchito Mlingo wakulu kwambiri kotero kuti amapitiliza kugwira ntchito kwa tsiku lonse, kupatula kwa odwala matenda a shuga a 2 omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Chifukwa njira yokhayo ya akatundu yaying'ono yomwe imakulolani kuti muzitha kuyendetsa bwino magazi a shuga amtundu 1 komanso matenda a shuga a 2.

Timakhala ndi shuga wamagazi a 4,6 ± 0,6 mmol / L, ngati anthu athanzi, maola 24 patsiku, kusinthasintha pang'ono tisanadye komanso tisanadye. Kuti mukwaniritse cholinga chofuna kukwaniritsa izi, muyenera kupaka jekeseni wowonjezera kawiri pa tsiku. Ngati matenda a shuga amathandizidwa ndi Mlingo wochepa wa insulin yayitali, ndiye kuti nthawi ya Lantus ndi Levemir ingafanane. Nthawi yomweyo, zabwino za Levemir, zomwe tafotokozazi, ziwonekera.

• Momwe mungalandiridwire matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri: njira imodzi ndi imodzi
• Mankhwala 2 a shuga: nkhani yatsatanetsatane
• Mapiritsi a Siofor ndi Glucofage
• Momwe mungaphunzirire kusangalala ndi maphunziro akuthupi

• Mtundu woyamba wa chithandizo cha matenda a shuga kwa akulu ndi ana
• Nthawi ya tchuthi ndi momwe mungakulitsire
• Njira ya jakisoni wopweteka wa insulin
• Matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa mwana amathandizidwa popanda insulin pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zoyenera. Mafunso ndi banja.
• Momwe mungachepetse kuwonongeka kwa impso

Chifukwa chiyani ndikosayenera kugwiritsa ntchito NPH-insulin (protafan)

Mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka zam'ma 1990, mitundu yochepa ya insulin inali yoyera ngati madzi, ndipo ena onse anali mitambo, opaque. Insulin imayamba kukhala yamtambo chifukwa chowonjezera pazinthu zomwe zimapanga zinthu zapadera zomwe zimasungunuka pang'onopang'ono pakhungu la munthu. Mpaka pano, ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wa insulini womwe wakhala wopanda mitambo - nthawi yayitali yochitapo kanthu, yomwe imatchedwa NPH-insulin, imaphatikizanso. NPH imayimira "Hagedorn's Neutral Protamine," puloteni wazomwe nyama.

Tsoka ilo, NPH-insulin imatha kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi kutulutsa ma antibodies kuti apange insulin. Ma antibodies awa samawononga, koma kumangika gawo la insulin mwachangu ndikupangitsa kuti likhale losagwira. Kenako insulin yomangidwa mwadzidzidzi imayamba kugwira ntchito ngati singakufunenso. Izi ndizofooka kwambiri. Kwa odwala matenda ashuga wamba, kupatuka kwa shuga kwa ± 2-3 mmol / L sikukhudzidwa kwenikweni, ndipo sazindikira. Timayesetsa kukhala ndi shuga yabwinobwino, i.e.6,6 mm 0,6 mmol / l tisanadye komanso titadya. Kuti tichite izi, timachita pulogalamu yanthete ya matenda a shuga 1 kapena mtundu wa 2 wa matenda a shuga. Zoterezi, kusakhazikika kwa sing'anga wa insulin kumaonekera ndikuwononga chithunzicho.

Pali vuto linanso ndi protamine Hagedorn yosaloledwa. Angiography ndikuwunika kwa mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imadyetsa mtima kuti mudziwe kuchuluka komwe amakhudzidwa ndi atherosclerosis. Iyi ndi njira yodziwika bwino yazachipatala. Asanayendetse, wodwalayo amapatsidwa jakisoni wa heparin. Ichi ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amalepheretsa mapulateleti kuti asamatikane komanso kutsekereza mitsempha yamagazi ndi magazi. Ndondomekoyo ikamaliza, jakisoni wina amapangidwa - NPH imayendetsedwa kuti "imitsani" heparin. Pochepa peresenti ya anthu omwe amathandizidwa ndi protafan insulin, thupi limakumana ndi zovuta pamenepa, zomwe zimatha kupha.

Mapeto ake ndikuti ngati nkotheka kugwiritsa ntchito zina m'malo mwa NPH-insulin, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuchita izi. Monga lamulo, odwala matenda ashuga amasamutsidwa kuchokera ku NPH-insulin kupita ku insulin analogenes Levemir kapena Lantus. Kuphatikiza apo, amawonetsanso zotsatira zabwino za kayendedwe ka magazi.

Niche yokhayo kumene kugwiritsa ntchito NPH-insulin kumakhalabe koyenera lero kuli ku USA (!) Ana ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1. Amafuna mlingo wochepa kwambiri wa insulin kuti alandire chithandizo. Mlingo wake ndiwocheperako kotero kuti insulin imayenera kuchepetsedwa. Ku United States, izi zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoperekera insulin dilution zoperekedwa ndi opanga kwaulere. Komabe, kwa insulin analogues ya nthawi yayitali, njira zotere sizipezeka. Chifukwa chake, Dr. Bernstein amakakamizidwa kuti apange jakisoni wa NPH-insulin, yomwe ikhoza kuchepetsedwa katatu patsiku, kwa odwala ake achinyamata.

M'mayiko olankhula Chirasha, njira zothetsera insulin dilution sizipezeka masana ndi moto, ndalama zilizonse, kwaulere. Chifukwa chake, anthu amachepetsa insulin pogula saline kapena madzi a jakisoni m'masitolo. Ndipo zikuwoneka kuti njirayi imagwiranso ntchito kwambiri, kuweruza poyerekeza ndemanga zomwe zapezeka pagulu la anthu ashuga. Mwanjira imeneyi, Levemir (koma osati Lantus!) Wowonjezera insulin. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito NPH-insulin kwa mwana, ndiye kuti muyenera kuchepetsa ndi mchere womwewo monga Levemir. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti Levemir amachita bwino ndipo ndikofunikira kuti ayambe kuyibula. Werengani zambiri mu nkhani ya "Momwe mungapangire insulin kuti mupeze jekeseni wotsika"

Momwe mungapangire shuga m'mawa wopanda kanthu kuti ukhale wabwinobwino

Tiyerekeze kuti mukumwa mlingo wovomerezeka wamapiritsi othandizira a 2 shuga usiku.Ngakhale izi, shuga m'magazi anu m'mimba yopanda kanthu amakhala owonjezera, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakula usiku. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mumafunikira jakisoni wa insulini yowonjezera usiku wonse. Komabe, musanapereke jakisoni, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti wodwala matenda ashuga amadya maola 5 asanagone. Ngati shuga m'magazi amadzuka usiku chifukwa choti wodwala matenda ashuga amadya chakudya chamadzulo, ndiye kuti insulini ikulimbikitsidwa usiku sichithandiza. Onetsetsani kuti mukukhala ndi chizolowezi chodyera chakudya cham'mawa kwambiri. Ikani chikumbutso pafoni yanu nthawi ya 5.30 p.m. kuti nthawi yakudya, ndikudya chamadzulo 6 k.m. 6. 6.30 p.m. Mukatha kudya chakudya cham'mawa tsiku lotsatira, mudzakhala osangalala kudya zakudya zamaproteni chakudya cham'mawa.

Mitundu yowonjezera ya insulin ndi Lantus ndi Levemir. Pamwambapa m'nkhaniyi takambirana mwatsatanetsatane momwe amasiyana wina ndi mnzake komanso ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito. Tiyeni tiwone momwe jakisoni wa insulin yowonjezereka imagwira ntchito usiku. Muyenera kudziwa kuti chiwindi chimagwira makamaka posokoneza insulin m'mawa, mutatsala pang'ono kudzuka. Izi zimatchedwa chodabwitsa cha m'bandakucha. Ndiye amene amayambitsa shuga m'magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu. Palibe amene akudziwa zifukwa zake. Komabe, imatha kulamulidwa bwino ngati mukufuna kukwaniritsa shuga m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Werengani zambiri mwatsatanetsatane "The Phenomenon of Morning Dawn and How to control it."

Chifukwa chakumayambiriro kwa m'bandakucha, jakisoni wa nthawi yayitali usiku amalimbikitsidwa osaposa maola 8.5 musanadzuke m'mawa. Mphamvu ya jakisoni wa insulin yotalika usiku imachepetsedwa maola 9 pambuyo pa jekeseni. Ngati mukutsatira zakudya zamagulu ochepa a shuga, ndiye kuti mitundu yonse ya insulini, kuphatikizapo insulin yowonjezera usiku, imafunikira yocheperako. Zikakhala zotere, nthawi zambiri zotsatira za jakisoni wamadzulo wa Levemir kapena Lantus amayima usiku usanathe. Ngakhale opanga amati kuchita kwa mitundu iyi ya insulin kumatenga nthawi yayitali.

Ngati jakisoni wanu wamadzulo a insulin yowonjezereka akupitilizabe kugwira ntchito usiku wonse ndipo ngakhale m'mawa, zikutanthauza kuti mumabayidwa kwambiri, ndipo pakati pausiku shuga limatsika pansi movomerezeka. Zingakhale zabwino, kumakhala zoopsa, komanso zowopsa kwambiri. Muyenera kukhazikitsa alamu kuti mudzuke pambuyo pa maola 4, pakati pausiku, ndikuyezera shuga lanu lamagazi ndi glucometer. Ngati ili pansipa 3.5 mmol / L, ndiye kuti mugawikane mgonero wamadzulo wa insulin yowonjezera m'magawo awiri. Mangani imodzi mwazigawozi osati pompopompo, koma maola 4.

Timalimbikitsanso motere: ngati mlingo wa insulin wa nthawi yayitali umachuluka usiku, ndiye kuti shuga yothamanga sichepa m'mawa wotsatira, koma onjezerani.

Kugawa mlingo wamadzulo wa insulin yowonjezera m'magawo awiri, imodzi yomwe imalowetsedwa pakati pausiku, ndikulondola kwambiri. Ndi regimen iyi, mlingo wonse wamadzulo wa insulin yowonjezera ungathe kuchepetsedwa ndi 10-15%. Ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yolamulirira zodzuka m'mawa ndikukhala ndi shuga yabwinobwino m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kubayira usiku usiku kumayambitsa zovuta pang'ono mukazolowera. Werengani momwe mungapangire insulin kuwombera mopanda chisoni. Pakati pausiku, mutha kubaya jekeseni wa insulin wa nthawi yayitali osakonzekereratu ngati mutakonzekera zonsezo madzulo kenako kugona tulo.

• Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga ndi insulin: yambani apa. Mitundu ya insulin ndi malamulo ake kuti isungidwe.
• Insulin yamtundu wanji kuti mupeze jakisoni, munthawi yanji komanso mulingo uti. Njira za matenda ashuga amtundu 1 ndi matenda amitundu iwiri.
• Ma insulin, ma syringe zolembera ndi singano kwa iwo. Ndi ma syringe omwe ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito.
• Ultrashort insulin Humalog, NovoRapid ndi Apidra. Insulin yochepa yaumunthu
• Kuwerengera mlingo wa insulin musanadye. Momwe mungachepetse shuga kuti akhale wabwinobwino ngati adalumpha
• Momwe mungapangire insulin kuti mupeze molondola Mlingo wotsika
• Chithandizo cha mwana wa matenda a shuga 1 amachepetsa insulin Humalog
• Pampu ya insulini: zabwino ndi zowopsa. Chithandizo cha insulin

Momwe mungawerengere poyambira kuchuluka kwa insulin usiku

Cholinga chathu chachikulu ndikusankha Mlingo wa Lantus, Levemir, kapena Protafan kuti shuga osala kudya asungidwe wamba 4.6 ± 0,6 mmol / L. Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kupanga shuga m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu, koma vutoli limathetsedwanso ngati mungayesere. Momwe mungathetse izi tafotokozazi.

Odwala onse odwala matenda amtundu 1 amafunika jakisoni wa insulin yowonjezera usiku ndi m'mawa, komanso jakisoni wa insulin yofulumira musanadye. Likukhalira jekeseni 5-6 patsiku. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, vutolo limakhala losavuta. Angafunike kubayidwa pafupipafupi. Makamaka ngati wodwalayo atsatira zakudya zamagulu ochepa osapatsa ulesi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mosangalala. Odwala a shuga a Type 1 amalangizidwanso kuti asinthane ndi zakudya zochepa. Popanda izi, simudzatha kuwongolera bwino shuga, ziribe kanthu momwe mungawerengere mosamala mulingo wa insulin.

Choyamba, timayeza shuga ndi glucometer 10-12 pa tsiku kwa masiku 3-7 kuti timvetse momwe zimakhalira. Izi zikutipatsa chidziwitso nthawi yanji yomwe muyenera kubayira insulin. Ngati ntchito ya ma cell a beta a kapamba ikasungidwa pang'ono, ndiye kuti mwina ndizotheka kupaka jakisoni usiku kapena zakudya zina. Ngati wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amafunikira jakisoni wa insulin yayitali, ndiye kuti choyamba Lantus, Levemir kapena Protafan amayenera kubayidwa usiku. Kodi jakisoni wa insulin wa nthawi yayitali amafunikira m'mawa? Zimatengera zizindikiro za mita. Dziwani momwe shuga lanu limakhalira masana

Choyamba, timawerengera poyambira kuchuluka kwa insulin, kenako m'masiku otsatirawa timasintha mpaka zotsatira zovomerezeka

1. Pakupita masiku 7, timayeza shuga ndi glucometer usiku, ndipo m'mawa wotsatira pamimba yopanda kanthu.
2. Zotsatira zalembedwa pagome.
3. Timawerengera tsiku lililonse: shuga m'mawa pachabe chopanda kanthu m'mimba dzulo usiku.
4. Timataya masiku omwe odwala matenda ashuga adadyapo kale kuposa maola 4-5 asanagone.
5. Tikupeza mtengo wocheperako wowonjezera kuwonekera panthawiyi.
6. Buku lofufuza liziwona momwe 1 UNIT ya insulin imatsitsira shuga. Izi zimatchedwa putative insulin sensitivity factor.
7. Gawani kuchuluka kochepa kwa shuga usiku uliwonse ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya insulin. Izi zimatipatsa mlingo woyambira.
8. Finyani madzulo amawerengera kuchuluka kwa insulin. Tinakhazikitsa alamu kuti tidzuke pakati pausiku ndikuyang'ana shuga.
9. Ngati shuga usiku ali m'munsi mwa 3.5-3.8 mmol / L, mlingo wa insulin wamadzulo uyenera kutsitsidwa. Njira imathandizira - kusamutsa gawo lina mwa jakisoni yowonjezera nthawi ya 1-3 am.
10. M'masiku otsatirawa, timachulukitsa kapena kuchepetsa mlingo, kuyesa jakisoni osiyanasiyana, mpaka shuga m'mawa timakhala pakati pa 4.6 ± 0,6 mmol / L, nthawi zonse popanda usiku hypoglycemia.

Zitsanzo za kuwerengera muyeso wa Lantus, Levemir kapena Protafan usiku

Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Lachiwiri Lachitatu Zinayi Lachisanu Loweruka Lamlungu Lolemba

Tikuwona kuti deta ya Lachinayi imayenera kutayidwa, chifukwa wodwala amamaliza kudya mochedwa. M'masiku ena onse, kupeza shuga wambiri patsiku lililonse kunali Lachisanu. Zinakwana 4.0 mmol / L. Timatenga kukula kocheperako, osati kupitirira kapena pafupifupi. Cholinga chake ndi chakuti mlingo woyambira wa insulini ukhale wochepera m'malo motalika. Izi zimathandizanso wodwala kuti asadutse hypoglycemia yausiku. Gawo lotsatira ndikupeza kuchuluka kogwirizana kwa chidwi chofuna kutulutsa insulini kuchokera pamtengo wa tebulo.

Tiyerekeze kuti wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 1, kapamba uja asiya kutulutsa insulin yake yonse. Mwanjira imeneyi, 1 U ya insulin yowonjezera imatsitsa shuga wamagazi ndi pafupifupi 2.2 mmol / L mwa munthu wolemera makilogalamu 64. Mukamayesa kwambiri, mankhwalawo amayamba kufooka kwambiri.Mwachitsanzo, kwa munthu wolemera makilogalamu 80, 200 kg / L * 64 kg / 80 kg = 1.76 mmol / L adzapezedwa. Timathetsa vuto lolemba gawo limodzi kuchokera ku koyamba maphunziro a masamu.

Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba wa shuga, timangomutenga mwachindunji. Koma kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2 kapena mtundu 1 wa shuga. Tiyerekeze kuti kapamba wanu akupanga insulin. Kuti tipewe chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia, choyamba tilingalira za "mbali" yomwe gawo limodzi la insulin limakulitsa shuga m'magazi lotalika ndi 4.4 mmol / l ndipo limalemera 64 kg. Muyenera kudziwa kufunika kwa kulemera kwanu. Pangani gawo, monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa. Kwa mwana yemwe akulemera 48 kg, 4.4 mmol / L * 64 kg / 48 kg = 5.9 mmol / L adzapezedwa. Kwa wodwala yemwe wadwala bwino matenda a shuga a 2 ndipo ali ndi kulemera kwa 80 makilogalamu, padzakhala 4.4 mmol / l * 64 kg / 80 kg = 3.52 mmol / l.

Tapeza kale kuti kwa odwala athu, kuchuluka kochepa kwa shuga m'magazi usiku uliwonse kunali 4,5 mmol / L. Kulemera kwake kwa thupi ndi 80 kg. Kwa iye, malinga ndi kuwunika "kosamala" kwa 1 U wa insulin yayitali, adzachepetsa magazi ndi 3.52 mmol / L. Pankhaniyi, kwa iye, mlingo woyambira wa insulin yowonjezera usiku udzakhala zigawo za 4.0 / 3.52 = 1.13. Pitani kumayendedwe apafupi a 1/4 PIECES ndikupeza 1.25 PISCES. Kuti mupeze jekeseni yochepa chonchi, muyenera kuphunzira momwe mungapangire insulin. Lantus sayenera kuchepetsedwa. Chifukwa chake, iyenera kudulidwa 1 unit kapena nthawi yomweyo 1.5 mayunitsi. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito Levemir m'malo mwa Lantus, ndiye kuti muthira kuti mupeze molondola 1.25 PIECES.

Chifukwa chake, adayika jekeseni woyambira wa insulin yayitali usiku. M'masiku otsatirawa, timakonza - kuchulukitsa kapena kuchepera mpaka shuga m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikukhazikika pa 4.6 ± 0,6 mmol / l. Kuti mukwaniritse izi, muyenera kusiyanitsa mlingo wa Lantus, Levemir kapena Protafan wausiku ndi prick gawo kenaka pakati pausiku. Werengani malingaliro pamwambapa mu gawo "Momwe Mungapangire Kuti shuga Aziwonjezeka Mmawa".

Wodwala aliyense wa mtundu 1 kapena mtundu wa 2 wodwala yemwe amadya zakudya zochepa zamafuta amafunika kuphunzira momwe angapangire insulin kuti mupeze jekeseni yotsika. Ndipo ngati simunasinthebe kudya zakudya zamafuta ochepa, ndiye mukuchita chiyani apa?

Kukonza mlingo wa insulin yayitali usiku

Chifukwa chake, tidaganizira momwe tingawerengere kuchuluka koyambira kwa insulin usiku. Ngati mwaphunzira masamu kusukulu, ndiye kuti mutha kuthana nawo. Koma chimenecho chinali chiyambi chabe. Chifukwa mlingo woyambira ungakhale wotsika kwambiri kapena wapamwamba kwambiri. Kusintha mlingo wa insulin yayitali usiku, mumalemba shuga anu m'magazi kwa masiku angapo, kenako m'mawa m'mimba yopanda kanthu. Ngati kuchuluka kwambiri kwa shuga patsiku lililonse sikunapweteke kuposa 0.6 mmol / l - ndiye kuti mankhwalawo ndi olondola. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuganizira masiku okhawo omwe mudadya pasanadutse maola opitilira 5 musanakagone. Kudya msanga ndi chizolowezi chofunikira kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe amathandizidwa ndi insulin.

Ngati kuchuluka kwambiri kwa shuga patsiku usiku kupitirira 0,6 mmol / L - zikutanthauza kuti mankhwalawa a mankhwalawa amadzakulanso insulin amayenera kuwonjezeka. Kodi angachite bwanji? Ndikofunikira kuonjezera ndi 0,25 PIECES masiku atatu aliwonse, ndipo tsiku lililonse kuwunika momwe izi zingakhudzire kuchuluka kwa shuga usiku. Pitilizani kuonjezera mlingo pang'onopang'ono mpaka m'mawa m'mawa osapitirira 0,6 mmol / L apamwamba kuposa shuga lanu lamadzulo. Werengani werengani momwe mungayang'anire zochitika za m'mawa.

Momwe mungasankhire mulingo woyenera wa insulin usiku:

1. Muyenera kuphunzira kudya m'mawa kwambiri, maola 4-5 musanagone.
2. Ngati mutadya chakudya chamadzulo, ndiye kuti tsiku lotere silili loyenera kusintha kwa insulin usiku.
3. Kamodzi pa sabata pamasiku osiyanasiyana, yang'anani shuga yanu pakati pausiku. Iyenera kukhala osachepera 3.5-3.8 mmol / L.
4. Onjezerani mlingo wamadzulo wa insulin yochulukirapo ngati masiku atatu mzere shuga m'mimba yopanda kanthu imaposa 0.6 mmol / L kuposa momwe idalili dzulo asanagone.
5. Malangizo am'mbuyo - lingoganizirani za masiku omwe mudadya kadzutsa!
6. Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 omwe amatsata zakudya zamafuta ochepa. Mlingo wa insulin wautali usiku wonse tikulimbikitsidwa kuti uwonjezeke ndi osaposa magawo 0,25 masiku atatu aliwonse. Cholinga ndikudzibweretsera nokha momwe mungathere kuchokera ku nocturnal hypoglycemia.
7. Zofunika! Ngati mudakulitsa kuchuluka kwa insulin yamadzulo - masiku awiri otsatira, onetsetsani kuti muli ndi shuga pakati pausiku.
8. Kodi mungatani ngati shuga usiku mwadzidzidzi sakhala yocheperako kapena yolakwika? Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuchepetsa mlingo wa insulin, yomwe imabayidwa musanagone.
9. Ngati mukufunikira kuchepetsa mlingo wamadzulo wa insulin yowonjezereka, tikulimbikitsidwa kusamutsa gawo lina la jekeseni yowonjezera pa 1-3 am.

Kupewa kwa nocturnal hypoglycemia

Werengani nkhani yayikulu, Hypoglycemia in Diabetes. Kupewa komanso kupumula kwa hypoglycemia. "

Hypoglycemia yausiku ndimavuto am'mawa ndimwambo wosasangalatsa komanso wowopsa ngati mukukhala nokha. Tiyeni tiwone momwe mungapewere ngati mukungoyamba kuchiza matenda anu a shuga ndi jakisoni wa insulin yowonjezera usiku. Khazikitsani alamu kuti ikudzutsireni maola 6 mutawombera. Mukadzuka, pimani magazi anu ndi glucometer. Ngati ili m'munsi mwa 3.5 mmol / l, idyani chakudya pang'ono kuti pasakhale hypoglycemia. Sinthani shuga yanu usiku m'masiku oyamba a inshuwaransi ya shuga, komanso nthawi iliyonse mukamayesetsa kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulin usiku wonse. Ngakhale amodzi mwa milandu yotereyi akutanthauza kuti mlingo uyenera kuchepetsedwa.

Matenda ambiri odwala matenda ashuga omwe amachititsa kuti munthu akhale ndi shuga wambiri pamafunika kuchuluka kwa insulin usiku umodzi wocheperako ma unit 8. Kupatula pa lamuloli ndi odwala a mtundu 1 kapena 2 a shuga, onenepa kwambiri, odwala matenda a shuga, komanso omwe tsopano ali ndi matenda opatsirana. Ngati mukulowetsa insulin usiku umodzi pakapita 7 mayunitsi kapena kupitilira, ndiye kuti malo ake amasintha, poyerekeza ndi waukulu. Zimakhala nthawi yayitali. Hypoglycemia imatha kuchitika musanadye tsiku lotsatira. Kuti mupewe mavutowa, werengani "Momwe mungapangire jakisoni waukulu wa insulin" ndikutsatira malangizowo.

Ngati mukufuna kumwa kwamadzulo kwa Lantus, Levemir kapena Protafan, ndiko kuti, kupitirira mayunitsi 8, ndiye kuti tikuligawa pakati pausiku. Madzulo, odwala matenda ashuga amakonza zofunikira zonse, ndikayika alamu pakati pausiku, ndipo akaitana ali osakomoka, amadzipweteka ndipo nthawi yomweyo amagonanso. Chifukwa cha izi, zotsatira za chithandizo cha matenda a shuga zimayenda bwino kwambiri. Ndikofunika kuti pasakhale vuto kuti tipewe hypoglycemia komanso kuti tipeze shuga m'mawa m'mawa. Komanso, zovuta zoterezi sizingakhale zochepa mutadziwa bwino jakisoni wa insulin wopanda ululu.

Kodi mukufuna majakisoni a insulin yowonjezera m'mawa?

Chifukwa chake, tidaganiziratu momwe tikhazikitsire Latnus, Levemir kapena Protafan usiku. Choyamba, timazindikira ngati tingachite izi konse. Ngati zina zikufunika, ndiye kuti tikuwerengera ndikuyamba kumwa. Ndipo timakonza mpaka shuga m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu ndichizolowezi 4.6 ± 0,6 mmol / l. Pakati pausiku, sikuyenera kugwera pansi pa 3.5-3.8 mmol / L. Chowunikira chomwe mudaphunzira pawebusayiti yathu ndikuti mutenge chowonjezera chowonjezera cha insulin pakati pausiku kuti muziwongolera zochitika zam'mawa. Gawo lamankhwala lamadzulo limasamutsira iwo.

Tsopano tiyeni tiganizire za m'mawa mulingo wa insulin. Koma apa pakubwera zovuta. Kuti muthane ndi zovuta ndi jakisoni wa insulin yowonjezera m'mawa, muyenera kufa ndi njala masana kuyambira chakudya chamadzulo. Timabaya Lantus Levemir kapena Protafan kuti tisunge shuga wamba. Usiku mumagona ndi kugona mwanjira yachilengedwe. Ndipo masanawa kuyang'anira shuga m'mimba yopanda kanthu, muyenera kukana kudya. Tsoka ilo, iyi ndiye njira yokhayo yowerengera mlingo wa mmawa wa insulin. Njira ili pansipa ikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane.

Tiyerekeze kuti mumalumpha shuga masana kapena imakwezeka pang'ono.Funso lofunika kwambiri: kodi shuga wanu amawonjezeka chifukwa cha zakudya kapena pamimba yopanda kanthu? Kumbukirani kuti insulin yowonjezera ikufunika kuti shuga ikhale yofulumira, komanso mwachangu - kupewa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magumbo mukatha kudya. Timagwiritsanso ntchito insulin ya insulin kuti muchepetse shuga kukhala abwinobwino ngati angadumphe.

Kutha shuga m'magawo mutatha kudya insulin yochepa kapena jekeseni wowonjezera m'mawa kuti shuga azikhala bwino m'mimba yopanda dzuwa tsiku lililonse ndizosiyana. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe shuga yanu imakhalira masana, ndipo atatha kupereka mankhwala a insulini patsiku. Madokotala osaphunzira komanso odwala matenda ashuga amayesa kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yayifupi patsiku lomwe likufunika nthawi yayitali, mosinthana. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zomvetsa chisoni.

Ndikofunikira poyesa kudziwa momwe shuga yanu imakhalira masana. Kodi imatuluka ngati chakudya kapena pamimba yopanda kanthu? Tsoka ilo, muyenera kufa ndi njala kuti mumve izi. Koma kuyesera ndikofunikira. Ngati simukufunika jakisoni wa insulin yotalika usiku kuti mulipirire zomwe zachitika m'mawa, ndiye kuti sizingatheke kuti shuga m'magazi anu achulukane masana pamimba yopanda kanthu. Komabe mukuyenera kuwunika ndikuwonetsetsa. Komanso, muyenera kuchita zoyeserera ngati mutaba jakisoni wa insulin yowonjezera usiku.

Momwe mungasankhire mlingo wa Lantus, Levemir kapena Protafan m'mawa:

1. Patsiku loyesera, musadye chakudya cham'mawa kapena chamasana, koma konzekerani kudya chakudya chamadzulo maola 13 mutadzuka. Iyi ndi nthawi yokhayo yomwe mumaloledwa kudya mochedwa.
2. Ngati mukumwa Siofor kapena Glucofage Long, ndiye kuti mumwa mankhwalawa m'mawa.
3. Imwani madzi ambiri tsiku lonse, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito tiyi ya zitsamba popanda shuga. Osamwalira ndi njala. Kofi, cocoa, tiyi wakuda ndi wobiriwira - ndibwino kuti musamwe.
4. Ngati mukumwa mankhwala a shuga omwe angayambitse hypoglycemia, ndiye kuti lero musamawatenge ndipo nthawi zambiri mungowasiya. Werengani kuti ndi mapiritsi ati a shuga omwe ali oyipa komanso abwino.
5. Pimani magazi anu ndi glucometer mutangodzuka, kenako pambuyo pa ola limodzi, pambuyo pa maola 5, pambuyo pa maola 9, pambuyo pa maola 12 ndi maola 13 musanadye chakudya. Mwathunthu, mudzatenga miyezo 5 masana.
6. Ngati mukusala kudya kwa maola 13 masana shuga atawonjezeka kuposa 0,6 mmol / l ndipo sanagwe, ndiye kuti mufunika jakisoni wa insulin yokwanira m'mimba yopanda kanthu. Timawerengera kuchuluka kwa Lantus, Levemir kapena Protafan a jakisoni awa momwemonso ndi insulin yowonjezera usiku.

Tsoka ilo, pofuna kusintha mameseji a insulin yayitali, munthu ayenera kusala chimodzimodzi tsiku losakwanira ndikuwona momwe shuga ya magazi imakhalira tsiku lino. Kupulumuka masiku anjala kawiri mu sabata limodzi ndikosasangalatsa. Chifukwa chake, dikirani mpaka sabata lotsatira musanayesenso momwemo kuti musinthe insulin yanu yayitali. Tikugogomezera kuti njira zovutazi ndizofunikira kwa odwala okha omwe amatsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa ndikuyesetsa kukhala ndi shuga yokhazikika 4.6 ± 0,6 mmol / L. Ngati kupatuka kwa ± 2-4 mmol / l sikokuvutitsani, ndiye kuti simungathe kuvutitsa.

Ndi matenda 2 a shuga, ndizotheka kuti mumafunikira jakisoni wa insulin musanadye, koma simukufunika jakisoni wowonjezera m'mawa. Komabe, izi sizinganenedwe popanda kuyesera, chifukwa chake musakhale aulesi kuzichita.

Tiyerekeze kuti mwayamba kuchiza matenda amishuga amtundu wa 2 ndi jakisoni wowonjezera usiku, ndipo mwina m'mawa. Pakapita kanthawi, mudzatha kusankha mlingo woyenera wa insulini kuti musunge shuga yathamanga magazi maola 24 patsiku. Zotsatira zake, kapamba amatha kudziwa kuti ngakhale popanda jakisoni wa insulin mwachangu amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga mutatha kudya. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri ndi mtundu wofatsa wa 2 shuga. Koma ngati mutadya shuga m'magazi anu limapitilirabe kupitilira 0.6 mmol / L kuposa momwe limakhalira ndi anthu athanzi, ndiye kuti mumafunikanso jakisoni wa insulin yochepa musanadye. Kuti mumve zambiri, onani "Kuwerengera mlingo wa insulin yofulumira musanadye."

Insulin yowonjezereka ndi Levemir: mayankho a mafunso

Glycated hemoglobin inatsika mpaka 6,5% - zabwino, komabe pali ntchito yofunika kuchita :). Lantus amatha kumenyedwa kawiri patsiku. Kuphatikiza apo, tikupangira kuti aliyense achite izi kuti athandize kuwongolera matenda ashuga. Pali zifukwa zina zosankhira Levemir m'malo mwa Lantus, koma ndizochepa. Ngati Lantus amaperekedwa kwaulere, koma Levemir - ayi, kenaka jekesani modekha kawiri pa tsiku insulin yomwe boma limakupatsirani.

Ponena za kusagwirizana kwa Lantus ndi NovoRapid ndi mitundu ina ya insulin kuchokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana. Awa ndimabodza opusa, osatsimikiziridwa ndi chilichonse. Sangalalani ndi moyo mukalandira insulin yabwino yoyendetsedwa ndiulere. Ngati muyenera kusinthana ndi zapakhomo, ndiye kuti mukukumbukirabe nthawi izi ndi mphuno. About "zakhala zovuta kuti ndilipire matenda ashuga." Sinthani ku chakudya chamafuta ochepa ndikutsatira zina zonse zomwe zatchulidwa mu pulogalamu yathu ya matenda ashuga a Type 1. Ndikupangira kwambiri jekeseni Lantus kawiri patsiku, m'mawa ndi madzulo, ndipo osati kamodzi, monga aliyense amakonda kutero.

Ndikadakhala m'malo mwako, m'malo mwake, ndikumenya Lantus, komanso kawiri patsiku, osati usiku wokha. Pankhaniyi, mutha kuyesa kuchita popanda jakisoni wa Apidra. Sinthani ku chakudya chamafuta ochepa ndikutsatira zochitika zina zonse monga zikufotokozedwera mu pulogalamu yachiwiri ya matenda a shuga. Chitani shuga yonse ya magazi podziyang'anira kamodzi pa sabata. Ngati mumatsatira zakudya mosamala, imwani mankhwalawa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, komanso makamaka kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mosangalala, ndiye kuti mwina mwapeza 95% jakisoni wa jakisoni wa insulin. Ngati popanda shuga shuga wanu ukhalabe wabwinobwino, kenaka jekesani Lantus. Jekeseni wa insulin yofulumira musanadye matenda a shuga a 2 amafunikira pokhapokha ovuta kwambiri, ngati wodwala ndi waulesi kwambiri kuti azitsatira zakudya zamagulu pang'ono ndipo nthawi zambiri amatsata njira.

Werengani nkhani ya "Insulin Injection Technique". Yesani pang'ono - ndipo phunzirani momwe mungapangire jakisoniyo mopweteka. Izi zidzabweretsa mpumulo ku banja lanu lonse.

Inde, zilipo. Komanso, muyenera kugula Lantus kapena Levemir ndalama zanu, mmalo mwakugwiritsa ntchito "average" yaulere. Chifukwa - adakambirana mwatsatanetsatane.

Neuropathy, phokoso la matenda ashuga komanso zovuta zina zimatengera momwe mumakwanitsira kuti shuga yanu ikhale pafupi ndi yachibadwa. Ndi mtundu wanji wa insulin yomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito ilibe vuto lililonse ngati ikuthandizira kulipira matenda a shuga. Ngati mungasinthe kuchoka pa protafan kupita ku Levemir kapena Lantus monga insulin yowonjezera, ndiye kuti kutenga matenda a shuga kumakhala kosavuta. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga adachotsa ululu ndi zizindikiro zina za neuropathy - izi zimachitika chifukwa chawonjezera shuga m'magazi. Ndipo mitundu yapadera ya insulin ilibe chochita nayo. Ngati mukusamala ndi neuropathy, ndiye werengani nkhaniyi pa alpha lipoic acid.

Poyesa jakisoni wa insulin yowonjezera, mutha kusintha shuga yanu m'mawa popanda kanthu. Ngati mumadya zakudya zopatsa thanzi, zodzaza ndi chakudya, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito milingo yayikulu ya Levemir. Poterepa, yesani kumwa mankhwalawa madzulo 22.00-00.00. Kenako nsonga ya machitidwe ake idzakwana 5,00-8,00 m'mawa, pomwe chodabwitsa cha m'bandakucha chikuwoneka momwe mungathere. Ngati mutasintha zakudya zamafuta ochepa ndipo zakudya zanu za Levemir ndizochepa, tikulimbikitsidwa kusinthana ndi majakisoni atatu kapena anayi patsiku kuchokera pakulamulira kwa nthawi ya 2. Poyamba, izi ndizovuta, koma mumazolowera, ndipo shuga m'mawa umayamba kukusangalatsani.

Madokotala anu ali ndi nkhawa ndipo alibe chochita. Ngati m'zaka zinayi simunakhale ndi insulin, ndiye kuti sizingatheke kuti ziziwoneka modzidzimutsa. Ndimatengera izi. Zakudya zamagulu ochepa zama shuga sizimangoyambitsa shuga m'magazi, komanso zimachepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi ziwopsezo zilizonse.Chifukwa pafupifupi zinthu zonse zomwe zingayambitse ziwengo, timapatula chakudyacho, kupatula mazira a nkhuku.

Ayi, sizowona. Panali mphekesera zoti Lantus amasokoneza khansa, koma sizinatsimikizidwe. Khalani omasuka kusintha kuchokera ku protafan kupita ku Levemir kapena Lantus - insulin analogues. Pali zifukwa zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala bwino kusankha Levemir kuposa Lantus. Koma ngati Lantus amaperekedwa kwaulere, koma Levemir - ayi, ndiye kuti mupeze insulin yaulere yapamwamba kwambiri. Zindikirani Timalimbikitsa jakisoni wa Lantus kawiri kapena katatu patsiku, osati kamodzi.

Simukuwonetsa zaka zanu, kutalika, kulemera, mtundu wa matenda ashuga komanso kutalika kwachabe. Palibe mayankho omveka bwino a funso lanu. Mutha kugawa magawo 15 pakati. Kapena muchepetse muyeso wonse mwa magawo awiri a 1-2 ndikugawa pakati. Kapena mutha kumangoyipa kwambiri madzulo kuposa m'mawa kuti muchepetse zodzuka zam'mawa. Zonsezi ndiz payekha. Chitani kudziletsa kwathunthu kwa shuga wamagazi ndikuwongoleredwa ndi zotsatira zake. Mulimonsemo, kusinthana ndi jakisoni imodzi ya Lantus patsiku mpaka masiku olondola.

Palibe yankho lomveka bwino la funso lanu. Chitani kudziletsa kwathunthu kwa shuga wamagazi ndikuwongoleredwa ndi zotsatira zake. Iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yomwe mungasankhe zolondola komanso zolimbitsa insulin mwachangu. Ndikukulimbikitsani kuyankhulana ndi makolo a mwana wazaka 6 wazaka 6. Amatha kudumpha insulin kwathunthu atasinthana ndi zakudya zoyenera.

Insulin yayitali, yomwe Levemir ndi yake, sicholinga chake kuti achepetse shuga. Cholinga cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake ndizosiyana kotheratu. Shuga mumkhalidwe wanu umakula mothandizidwa ndi zakudya zomwe zadedwa kumene. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mlingo wa insulin yofulumira musanadye sichinasankhidwe molondola. Ndipo, mwina, chifukwa chachikulu ndikudya zakudya zosayenera. Werengani pulogalamu yathu ya Matenda A shuga A Type 1 kapena Type 2 Shuga. Kenako, phunzirani mosamala zolemba zonse za mgulu la Insulin.

Insulin yowonjezera mumtundu wa 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 matenda ashuga: zomwe zapezedwa

Munkhaniyi, mwapeza mwatsatanetsatane zomwe Lantus ndi Levemir, insulin-yayikulu, komanso a NPH-insulin protafan ali. Tazindikira chifukwa chake kuli koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa insulini yowonjezera usiku ndi m'mawa, ndipo chifukwa chake sichili bwino. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chikufunika kuphunziridwa: insulin yowonjezera-imakhala ndi shuga. Sicholinga chodzimitsa kulumpha mu shuga mutatha kudya.

Osayesa kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yochulukirapo kumene yochepa kapena yopitilira muyeso yofunika. Werengani zolembedwa "Ultrashort Insulin Humalog, NovoRapid ndi Apidra. Insulin Yachidule ya anthu ”komanso“ jakisoni wa insulin yofulumira musanadye. Momwe mungachepetse shuga kuti akhale wabwinobwino ngati wadumpha. ” Muyenera kuchiritsa matenda anu a shuga ndi insulin ngati mukufuna kupewa zovuta zake.

Tidawona momwe tingawerengere kuchuluka koyenera kwa insulin yochulukirapo usiku ndi m'mawa. Malangizo athu ndiosiyana ndi zomwe zalembedwa m'mabuku odziwika komanso zomwe zimaphunzitsidwa ku "sukulu ya shuga". Mothandizidwa ndi kudziyang'anira pawokha shuga, onetsetsani kuti njira zathu ndizothandiza, ndizopatula nthawi. Kuti muwerenge ndikusintha kuchuluka kwa insulin yowonjezera m'mawa, muyenera kudumphira chakudya cham'mawa komanso nkhomaliro. Izi ndizosasangalatsa kwambiri, koma, tsoka, palibe njira yabwinoko. Kuwerengera ndikusintha kuchuluka kwa insulini yowonjezera usiku ndikosavuta, chifukwa usiku, mukagona, simukudya mulimonse.

1. Wowonjezera insulin Lantus, Levemir ndi protafan amafunikira kuti shuga wabwinobwino asakhale pamimba yopanda kanthu kwa tsiku limodzi.
2. Ultrashort ndi insulin yochepa - kuthetsa shuga yowonjezereka yomwe imachitika mukatha kudya.
3. Musayese kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo okwanira m'malo obayira jakisoni mwachangu musanadye!
4. Ndi insulin iti yomwe ili bwino - Lantus kapena Levemir? Yankho: Levemir ali ndi mwayi wocheperako.Koma ngati mutenga Lantus kwaulere, ndiye kuti mumulore.
5. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, woyamba amapanga insulini usiku komanso / kapena m'mawa, kenako ndikulowetsani insulin musanadye.
6. Ndikofunika kuti musinthe kuchoka pa protafan kupita ku Lantus kapena Levemir, ngakhale mutagula insulin yatsopano chifukwa cha ndalama zanu.
7. Pambuyo pakusintha ku chakudya chochepa chamafuta a shuga 1, 2, mitundu ya insulin yonse imachepetsedwa nthawi 2-7.
8. Nkhaniyi imapereka malangizo a pang'onopang'ono a momwe angawerengere kuchuluka kwa insulini yowonjezera usiku ndi m'mawa. Afufuzeni!
9. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupange jekeseni wowonjezera wa Lantus, Levemir kapena Protafan pa 1 koloko m'mawa kuti athe kuwongolera bwino zomwe zimachitika m'mawa.
10. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga, omwe amadya chakudya chamadzulo maola 4-5 asanagone komanso kuwonjezera jekeseni wowonjezera nthawi ya 1 koloko, amakhala ndi shuga m'mimba m'mimba yopanda kanthu.

Ndikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi yakhala ikuthandizani. Ngati ndi kotheka, ndikofunikira kusintha m'malo mwa NPH-insulin (protafan) m'malo mwa Lantus kapena Levemir kuti musinthe zotsatira za chithandizo cha matenda ashuga. Mu ndemanga, mutha kufunsa mafunso pochiza matenda a shuga ndi mitundu yambiri ya insulini. Oyang'anira tsambalo sachedwa kuyankha.

Insulin Humulin: ndemanga, malangizo, kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa

Mu 1 ml. Mankhwala a Humulin Humulin ali ndi 100 IU ya insulin. Zosakaniza ndi 30% insulin yosungunuka ndi 70% insulin isofan.

Monga momwe othandizira amagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• metacresol
• phenol
• sodium hydrogen phosphate heptahydrate,
• hydrochloric acid,
• glycerol
• zinc oxide
• protamine sulfate,
• sodium hydroxide
• madzi.

Zizindikiro zamagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi zoyipa

1. Shuga mellitus, momwe insulin tikulimbikitsidwa.
2. Matenda a gestational (shuga ya amayi apakati).

1. Kukhazikika hypoglycemia.
2. Hypersensitivity.

Nthawi zambiri pa mankhwala akukonzekera insulin, kuphatikiza Humulin M3, kukula kwa hypoglycemia kumawonedwa. Ngati ili ndi mawonekedwe owopsa, imatha kudzutsa chikumbumtima cha hypoglycemic (kuponderezana ndi kusazindikira) ngakhale kupangitsa kuti wodwalayo afe.

Mwa odwala ena, thupi lawo siligwirizana, kuwoneka pakuluma pakhungu, kutupa ndi kufupika kwa malo a jakisoni. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amadzidzidzikira okha patatha masiku kapena milungu yochepa atayamba chithandizo.

Nthawi zina izi sizimalumikizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawo pawokha, koma ndi chifukwa cha mphamvu ya zinthu zakunja kapena jakisoni wolakwika.

Pali ziwonetsero zomwe sizigwirizana ndi zachilengedwe. Amachitika kawirikawiri, koma zowopsa. Ndi izi, izi zimachitika:

• kuvutika kupuma
• kuyamwa kofananira
• kugunda kwa mtima
• dontho mu kuthamanga kwa magazi
• kupuma movutikira
• thukuta kwambiri.

Milandu yoopsa kwambiri, chifuwa chimatha kusokoneza moyo wa wodwalayo ndipo imafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala chodzidzimutsa. Nthawi zina insulin m'malo kapena desensitization chofunika.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito insulin ya nyama, kukana, hypersensitivity kwa mankhwala, kapena lipodystrophy imayamba. Mukamapereka insulin Humulin M3, kuthekera kwa zotulukazi ndi pafupifupi zero.

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito

Insulin ya Humulin M3 saloledwa kuti iperekedwe kudzera m'mitsempha.

Popereka mankhwala a insulin, muyezo ndi mtundu wa makonzedwe ungasankhidwa ndi dokotala. Izi zimachitika payekhapayekha kwa wodwala aliyense payekhapayekha, kutengera mtundu wa glycemia m'thupi lake. Humulin M3 idapangidwa kuti ikwaniritse kayendetsedwe ka subcutaneous, koma imathanso kuperekedwa kudzera mwa intramuscularly, insulin ilola izi. Mulimonsemo, wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa momwe angabayire insulin.

Pang'onopang'ono, mankhwalawa amalowetsedwa pamimba, ntchafu, phewa kapena matako. Pamalo omwewo, jakisoni sangaperekedwe mopitilira kamodzi pamwezi.Panthawi ya ndondomekoyi, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zida za jakisoni moyenera, kuti singano isalowe m'mitsempha yamagazi, kuti musamayesere malo a jekeseni pambuyo pobayira.

Humulin M3 ndi osakaniza wopangidwa ndi Humulin NPH ndi Humulin Regular. Izi zimapangitsa kuti asakonzekere yankho lisanayambike kwa wodwalayo.

Kukonzekera insulin ya jakisoni, vial kapena cartridge ya Humulin M3 NPH iyenera kukukhidwira maulendo 10 mmanja mwanu, ndikutembenuka, madigiri a 180, gwedezani pang'ono ndi pang'ono. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika mpaka kuyimitsidwa kumakhala ngati mkaka kapena kukhala kwamtambo, ndimadzi amodzimodzi.

Kugwedeza mwachangu insulin NPH sikulimbikitsidwa, chifukwa izi zitha kupangitsa kuti mawonekedwe a foam komanso kusokoneza mulingo wofanana. Osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito matope kapena mapepala opangidwa mutasakaniza.

Makulidwe a insulin

Kuti mupeze jakisoni moyenera mankhwalawo, muyenera kuchita njira zina zoyambirira. Choyamba muyenera kudziwa malo omwe jakisoniyo, sambani manja anu ndikupukuta malowa ndi nsalu yothinidwa ndimowa.

Kenako muyenera kuchotsa kapu yoteteza ku singano ya syringe, kukonza khungu (kutambasula kapena kutsina), ikani singano ndikupanga jakisoni. Kenako singano iyenera kuchotsedwa ndipo masekondi angapo, osafunikira, kanikizani tsamba la jekeseni ndi chopukutira. Pambuyo pake, mothandizidwa ndi kapu yakunja yoteteza, muyenera kumasula singano, kuichotsa ndikubwezeranso chipewa pa syringe.

Simungagwiritse ntchito singano yemweyo ya syringe kawiri. Vial kapena cartridge imagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka itapanda kanthu, ndiye kuti imatayidwa. Ma cholembera a syringe amapangidwira kuti azigwiritsa ntchito payekha.

Bongo

Humulin M3 NPH, monga mankhwala ena omwe ali mgulu lino la mankhwala, alibe tanthauzo lenileni la mankhwala osokoneza bongo, popeza kuchuluka kwa shuga mu seramu yamagazi kumadalira kayendetsedwe kazinthu pakati pa msinkhu wa glucose, insulin ndi njira zina za metabolic. Komabe, bongo wa insulin yambiri imatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa kwambiri.

Hypoglycemia imayamba chifukwa cha kusamvana pakati pa zomwe zili ndi insulin m'magazi a plasma ndi mtengo wamagetsi komanso kudya.

Zizindikiro zotsatirazi ndizodziwika za hypoglycemia:

• ulesi
• tachycardia
• kusanza
• thukuta kwambiri
• kukopa kwa pakhungu
• kunjenjemera
• mutu
• chisokonezo.

Nthawi zina, mwachitsanzo, ndi mbiri yayitali ya matenda a shuga kapena kuyang'anitsitsa kwake, Zizindikiro za kutha kwa hypoglycemia zimatha kusintha. Hypoglycemia yofatsa imatha kupewedwa pakutenga shuga kapena shuga. Nthawi zina mungafunikire kusintha kuchuluka kwa insulini, kuunikanso zakudya kapena kusintha zolimbitsa thupi.

Hypoglycemia wolimbitsa thupi nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa ndi subcutaneous kapena mu mnofu makonzedwe a glucagon, akutsatira mwa kumeza chakudya. Woopsa milandu, pamaso pa matenda a mitsempha, kukomoka kapena chikomokere, kuwonjezera pa jakisoni wa glucagon, kugwirizira kwa glucose kuyenera kuperekedwa mwachangu.

M'tsogolomo, pofuna kupewa kubwereranso kwa hypoglycemia, wodwalayo ayenera kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Mikhalidwe yayikulu kwambiri ya hypoglycemic imafuna kuchipatala mwadzidzidzi.

Zochita Zamankhwala NPH

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa Humulin M3 kumatheka chifukwa chokhala ndi mankhwala amkamwa a hypoglycemic, ethanol, zotumphukira za asidi wa asidi, zotsekemera za monoamine oxidase, sulfonamides, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, osasankha beta-blockers.

Mankhwala a Glucocorticoid, mahomoni okula, pakamwa pobayira, danazole, mahomoni a chithokomiro, thiazide diuretics, beta2-sympathomimetics amatsogolera kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya hypoglycemic ya insulin.

Limbitsani kapena, mutafooketsa kudalira insulin yomwe imatha lancreotide ndi ma analogu ena a somatostatin.

Zizindikiro za hypoglycemia zimatsitsidwa ndikutenga clonidine, reserpine ndi beta-blockers.

Migwirizano yogulitsa, yosungirako

Humulin M3 NPH imapezeka pa pharmacy pokhapokha ngati mwalandira mankhwala.

Mankhwalawa amayenera kusungidwa pamtunda wa madigiri 2 mpaka 8, sangathe kuwundana ndikuwonetsa kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kutentha.

Vial yotseguka ya NPH imatha kusungidwa pamawonekedwe a 15 mpaka 25 kwa masiku 28.

Kutengera ndi kutentha kofunikira, kukonzekera kwa NPH kumasungidwa zaka 3.

Malangizo apadera

Kuchotsera chithandizo mosavomerezeka kapena kuikidwa pakulakwika (komwe kumakhala kofunika kwambiri kwa odwala omwe amadalira insulin) kungayambitse kukula kwa matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis kapena hyperglycemia, omwe angawononge moyo wa wodwalayo.

Mwa anthu ena, mukamagwiritsa ntchito insulin yaumunthu, zizindikiro za hypoglycemia zomwe zikubwera zimatha kusiyana ndi zomwe zimadziwika ndi insulin ya nyama, kapena zimatha kuwonetsa pang'ono.

Wodwala ayenera kudziwa kuti ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikwabwinobwino (mwachitsanzo, ndi insulin Therapy), ndiye kuti zizindikiro zomwe zikusonyeza kuti hypoglycemia ikhoza kutha.

Mawonetsedwe awa amatha kufooka kapena kuwoneka mosiyanasiyana ngati munthu atenga mankhwala a beta-blockers kapena ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a nthawi yayitali, komanso pamaso pa matenda a shuga.

Ngati hyperglycemia, monga hypoglycemia, siinakonzedwenso munthawi yake, izi zitha kuchititsa kuti ataye chidwi, chikomokere, komanso ngakhale kufa kwa wodwalayo.

Kusintha kwa wodwala kupita ku insulin ina ya insulin kukonzekera kapena mitundu yawo iyenera kuchitika kokha moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala. Kusintha kwa insulin kukhala mankhwala okhala ndi zochitika zina, njira yopangira (DNA recombinant, nyama), mitundu (nkhumba, analog) ingafune mwadzidzidzi kapena, m'malo mwake, kusintha kosavuta kwa Mlingo wokhazikitsidwa.

Ndi matenda a impso kapena chiwindi, kusakwanira kwa ntchito ya pituitary, vuto la adrenal ndi chithokomiro, kufunikira kwa insulini kumatha kuchepa, komanso kupsinjika kwamphamvu kwamalingaliro ndi zina zina, m'malo mwake, zimawonjezeka.

Wodwala nthawi zonse ayenera kukumbukira mwayi wokhala ndi hypoglycemia ndikuwunika bwino momwe thupi lake limayendetsa galimoto kapena kufunika kwa ntchito yoyipa.

• Monodar (K15, K30, K50),
• Novomix 30 Flexspen,
• Ryzodeg Flextach,
• Humalog Remix (25, 50).
• Gensulin M (10, 20, 30, 40, 50),
• Gensulin N,
• Rinsulin NPH,
• Farmasulin H 30/70,
• Humodar B,
• Vosulin 30/70,
• Vosulin N,
• Mikstard 30 NM
• Protafan NM,
• Humulin.

Mimba komanso kuyamwa

Ngati mayi woyembekezera ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti azilamulira glycemia. Pakadali pano, zofuna za insulin nthawi zambiri zimasintha nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Mu trimester yoyamba, imagwera, ndipo chachiwiri ndi chachitatu chikuwonjezeka, kotero kusintha kwa mankhwalawa kungakhale kofunikira.

Komanso, kusintha kwa muyezo, kudya ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi zingafunikire panthawi yochepa.

Ngati kukonzekera kwa insulin kumene kumakhala koyenera kwa wodwala matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti ndemanga za Humulin M3 nthawi zambiri zimakhala zabwino. Malinga ndi odwala, mankhwalawa ndi othandiza kwambiri ndipo mothandizidwa alibe zotsatira zoyipa.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti ndizoletsedwa kupatsa insulin nokha, komanso kusintha kwina.

Botolo imodzi ya Humulin M3 yokhala ndi voliyumu ya 10 ml imayambira ku 500 mpaka 600 ma ruble, phukusi la ma cartridge atatu a 3 ml okhala ndi ma ruble a 1000-1200.

Mwachidule kuchita insulin

Kuphatikizika kwa mankhwalawa kumaphatikizapo yankho loyera la mahomoni, lomwe mulibe zina zowonjezera zomwe zimathandizira thupi. Gulu la ochita zinthu mwachidule limachita zinthu mwachangu kuposa ena, koma nthawi yonse yomwe ntchito zawo ndi zazifupi.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amapezeka mu Mbale zagalasi losindikizidwa, losindikizidwa ndi zoletsa ndi ma aluminium processing.

Zotsatira za insulin yochepa m'thupi limodzi ndi:

• kuponderezana kapena kukondoweza kwa ma enzyme ena,
• kutsegula kwa kapangidwe ka glycogen ndi hexokinase,
• kuponderezedwa kwa lipase yothandizira mafuta acids.

Mlingo wa secretion ndi biosynthesis zimadalira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa msinkhu wake, njira zopangira insulin mu kapamba zimachulukirachulukira, komanso, ndikuchepa kwa ndende, katulutsidwe kamachepa.

Gulu Lachidule la Insulin

Malinga ndi nthawi ya insulin yocheperako ndi:

• Pofupikitsa (sungunuka, kuwongolera) insulin - chitani pambuyo pakagwirira ntchito kwa theka la ola, kotero iwo amalimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mphindi 40-50 musanadye. Tizilombo tambiri tomwe timagwira mu mtsempha wamagazi timafika patatha maola awiri, ndipo titatha maola 6 okha mankhwalawa amatsalira m'thupi. Zovala zazifupi zimaphatikizira mafuta osungunuka amtundu wa anthu, mafuta osungunuka a semisynthetic ndi nkhumba zosungunulira zina zosungunulira.
• Ultrashort (lolingana ndi anthu, analog) amaika - amayamba kukhudza thupi pambuyo pakukonzekera pambuyo pa mphindi 15. Zochita zapamwamba zimapezekanso patatha maola angapo. Kuchotsa kwathunthu kwa thupi kumachitika pambuyo pa maola anayi. Chifukwa chakuti ultrashort insulin imakhudzanso zolimbitsa thupi, kukonzekera komwe kumakhalapo kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mphindi 5-10 musanadye kapena mukangodya. Mankhwala amtunduwu amatha kuphatikizira insulin ndi insulin yopanga anthu.

Bweretsani ku nkhani

Insulin yochepa pochiza matenda a shuga

Matenda a shuga amathandizira kupewa kukula kwa zovuta, kutalikitsa moyo wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndikuwongolera. Komanso, jakisoni wa mankhwalawa amachepetsa katundu pa kapamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kubwezeretsa pang'ono kwa maselo a beta.

Zoterezi zimatheka ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga ndikukhazikitsa pulogalamu yoyenera ndikutsatira dongosolo lomwe dokotala walimbikitsa. Kubwezeretsa maselo a Beta ndikothekanso ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 pokhapokha mutapezeka kuti ali ndi vuto komanso njira zamankhwala zimatengedwa mwachangu.

Kodi odwala matenda ashuga azikhala ndi chiyani? Onani mndandanda wathu wazabwino sabata iliyonse pano!

Nthawi zambiri, mankhwalawa amathandizidwa kudzera mu intramuscularly kapena subcutaneally ndi syringe yopangidwa mwapadera. Pokhapokha ngati wodwala matenda ashuga, mtsempha wa magazi amaloledwa. Mlingo wake umasankhidwa payekhapayekha, poganizira zovuta za matendawa, kuchuluka kwa shuga mthupi ndi momwe wodwalayo alili.

Bweretsani ku nkhani

Zochita Zosiyana ndi Zopikisana

Zotsatira zoyipa zazikulu pambuyo pa kupangidwira kwa othandizira m'madzi zimachitika pamene mulingo wotsatira mulibe kutsatiridwa. Izi zimaphatikizidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa insulin mumtsinje wamagazi.

Zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri ndizophatikizirapo:

• kufooka wamba
• thukuta kwambiri
• kugunda kwa mtima
• kuchuluka kwa malovu,
• chizungulire.

Milandu yayikulu ikukwera kwamadzi mu mtsempha wamagazi (ngati palibe chakudya chamthupi), kukomoka kumatha kuchitika, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha chikumbumtima komanso chikomokere.

Bweretsani ku nkhani

Kukonzekera kwapafupipafupi ndi kopitilira muyeso

Mankhwala onse omwe amakhala ndi ma insulin amtundu wa anthu kapena mawonekedwe awo ali ndi zofanana. Chifukwa chake, ngati kuli kotheka, zitha kusinthidwa, ndikuwona mlingo womwewo, ndi kufunsa kwa adokotala ndikofunikira. Chifukwa chake, kusankha kochepa kwa maina a insulin pang'ono komanso othamanga

Limagwirira zake insulin Humulin NPH

Mphamvu ya pharmacological ndi kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi chifukwa chakuwonjezera kwa maselo ndi minyewa pogwiritsa ntchito Humulin NPH. Mu shuga mellitus, kupanga kwa pancreatic insulin timadzi kumachepetsedwa, komwe kumafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala cha mahomoni. Mankhwala amalimbikitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa glucose ndi maselo omwe amafunikira zakudya. Insulin imalumikizana ndi ma receptor apadera pamaselo a cell, omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale njira zingapo zamankhwala amtundu uliwonse, zomwe zimaphatikizapo, makamaka, kupanga hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glycogen synthetase. Kutumiza kwa glucose kumisempha kuchokera m'magazi kumachuluka, komwe kumakhala kocheperako.

Mankhwala

• Achire zotsatira akuyamba ola limodzi jekeseni.
• Kutsitsa kwa shuga kumatenga pafupifupi maola 18.
• Zotsatira zazikulu zimakhala pambuyo pa maola awiri mpaka maola 8 kuchokera pakukonzekera.

Kusintha kotereku kwakanthawi kwamankhwala kumadalira malo omwe amayimitsidwa ndi kuyendetsa galimoto kwa wodwalayo. Izi zimayenera kuganiziridwanso popereka dongosolo komanso kuchuluka kwa makonzedwe. Popeza nthawi yayitali zotsatira zake, Humulin NPH imayikidwa pamodzi ndi insulin yochepa komanso ya ultrashort.

Kugawa ndi kutulutsa thupi:

• Insulin Humulin NPH simalowa mu chotchinga cha hematoplacental ndipo samatuluka m'matumbo a mayi ndi mkaka.
• Inactivine mu chiwindi ndi impso kudzera enzyme insulinase.
• Kuthetsa mankhwalawa makamaka kudzera impso.

Zosafunikira zoyipa zimaphatikizapo:

• hypoglycemia ndimavuto owopsa komanso osakwanira kupanga. Kuwonetsedwa ndi kusazindikira, komwe kumatha kusokonezedwa ndi chikomokere cha hyperglycemic,
• mawonetseredwe amatsitsi omwe amapezeka pamalo a jakisoni (redness, kuyabwa, kutupa),
• kutsutsika
• kupuma movutikira
• hypotension
• urticaria
• tachycardia
• lipodystrophy - mankhwala a kwawo a subcutaneous mafuta.

Malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito

1. Mankhwalawa amayenera kuperekedwa pakhungu la phewa, m'chiuno, matako kapena khoma lamkati lamkati, ndipo nthawi zina jekeseni wam'mimba amatha.
2. Pambuyo pa jekeseni, simuyenera kukanikiza mwamphamvu ndikulimbira malo omwe akhudzidwa nawo.
3. Ndi zoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.
4. Mlingo umasankhidwa payekha ndi endocrinologist ndipo umatengera zotsatira za kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga.

Algorithm yokhudza makulidwe a insulin Humulin NPH

• Humulin mumbale mu mbale musanagwiritse ntchito uyenera kusakanizidwa ndikulowetsa vial pakati pa kanjedza mpaka khungu la mkaka litawonekera. Osagwedezeka, thovu, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yotsalira pamakoma a vial.
• Humulin NPH m'makatiriji osati kungosuntha pakati pa manja, kubwereza kayendedwe ka 10, komanso kusakaniza, mofatsa kutembenuza bokosi. Onetsetsani kuti insulin ndi yoyenera kuyendetsedwa poyang'anira kusasinthasintha ndi mtundu. Payenera kukhala zofanana pamtundu wa mkaka. Komanso musagwedeze kapena kufumba mankhwala. Osagwiritsa ntchito yankho ndi phala kapena phala. Ma insulin ena sangayikiridwe katiriji ndipo sangathe kudzazidwanso.
• Cholembera cha syringe chili ndi 3 ml ya insulin-isophan pa mlingo wa 100 IU / ml. Pa jakisoni 1, lowetsani osaposa 60 IU. Chipangizocho chimalola dosing ndi kulondola kwa 1 IU. Onetsetsani kuti singano ndiyomatirira pachidacho.

- Sambani m'manja pogwiritsa ntchito sopo, kenako muziwathandiza.

- Sankhani malo a jakisoni ndikuwachiritsa khungu ndi yankho la antiseptic.

- Masamba obayira enanso kuti malo omwewo sawagwiritsanso ntchito kamodzi pamwezi.

Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa cholembera cha syringe

1. Chotsani kapu poikoka m'malo mozunguliza.
2. Onani insulin, moyo wa alumali, kapangidwe kake ndi mtundu wake.
3. Konzani singano ya syringe monga tafotokozera pamwambapa.
4. Pukuta singano mpaka itakhala yolimba.
5. Chotsani zisoti ziwiri ku singano. Kunja - osataya.
6. Onani kuchuluka kwa insulin.
7. Pindani khungu ndikubaya singano pansi pakhungu pakona kwama degree 45.
8. Yambitsani insulini pogwira batani ndi chala chanu mpaka chitayima, kuwerengetsa pang'onopang'ono m'maganizo mpaka 5.
9. Mukachotsa singano, ikani nyemba za mowa pamalo a jekeseni osapaka kapena kupwanya khungu. Nthawi zambiri, dontho la insulin limatha kukhalabe kumapeto kwa singano, koma osati kutayikira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mlingo wosakwanira.
10. Tsekani singano ndi kapu yakunja ndikuitaya.

Kuyanjana kwina ndi mankhwala ena

Mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa Humulin:

• mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga,
• antidepressants - monoamine oxidase inhibitors,
• Hypotonic mankhwala ochokera pagulu la ACE zoletsa ndi beta blockers,
• kaboni anhydrase zoletsa,
• imidazoles
• tetracycline mankhwala opha tizilombo,
• Kukonzekera kwa lifiyamu
• Mavitamini B,
• theofylline
• mankhwala okhala ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amalepheretsa insulin Humulin NPH:

• mapiritsi olembera
• glucocorticosteroids,
• mahomoni a chithokomiro,
• okodzetsa
• mankhwala antidepressants,
• othandizira omwe amachititsa kuti mitsempha ichite chisoni,
• calcium blockers,
• narcotic analgesics.

Zolemba za Humulin

Ndemanga ya insulin-isophan antidiabetesic mankhwala:

Ndinkafuna kukonza - ndizoletsedwa kupereka insulin kwa nthawi yayitali!

Humulin ndi chiyani?

Masiku ano, mawu akuti Humulin amatha kuwoneka mu mayina a mankhwala angapo omwe adapangidwa kuti achepetse shuga ya magazi - Humulin NPH, MoH, pafupipafupi komanso Ultralent.

Kusiyana kwa njira zopangira mankhwalawa kumapereka mawonekedwe aliwonse ochepetsa shuga ndi zomwe ali nazo. Izi zimazindikiridwa popereka mankhwala kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Kuphatikiza pa insulini (gawo lalikulu, loyesedwa mu IU), mankhwala ali ndi zotuluka, monga madzi osabala, protamines, carbolic acid, metacresol, zinc oxide, sodium hydroxide, etc.

Horoni ya pancreatic imayikidwa m'makalata, mbale, ndi zolembera. Malangizo omwe aphatikizidwa amadziwitsa za zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala a anthu. Musanagwiritse ntchito, makatoni ndi mbale siziyenera kugwedezeka mwamphamvu; zonse zofunikira kuti madzi apitirize kuyipukusa ndikuzipukutira pakati pa manja. Choyenera kwambiri chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi odwala matenda ashuga ndi cholembera.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe atchulidwa kumathandizira kuti zitheke kupeza chithandizo chokwanira kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, chifukwa amathandizira kuti pakhale kuperewera kwathunthu komanso kuperewera kwa mphamvu ya amkati amkati. Fotokozerani Himulin (mlingo, regimen) ayenera kukhala wa endocrinologist. M'tsogolo, ngati pakufunika kutero, dokotala yemwe akukonzekera akhoza kuwongolera njira yochizira.

Mu matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, insulin imayikidwa kwa munthu moyo wonse. Ndi zovuta za mtundu wa 2 shuga, zomwe zimayendera limodzi ndi matenda amtundu wa concomitant, mankhwalawa amapangidwa kuchokera ku maphunziro osiyanasiyana. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti ndi matenda omwe amafunikira kukhazikitsa mahomoni opanga thupi m'thupi, simungakane mankhwala a insulini, apo ayi mavuto akulu sangathe kupewedwa.

Mtengo wa mankhwalawa gulu lama pharmacological zimatengera nthawi yochitapo ndi mtundu wa ma CD. Mtengo wowerengeka m'mabotolo umayambira ku ma ruble 500., mtengo wake m'matotolo - kuchokera ku ma ruble 1000., M'mapensulo a syringe ndi osachepera 1500 rubles.

Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwake ndi kumwa mankhwalawa, muyenera kulumikizana ndi endocrinologist

Zonse zimatengera zosiyanasiyana

Mitundu ya ndalama ndi momwe thupi limakhudzira zikufotokozedwa pansipa.

Mankhwalawa amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wama DNA ndipo amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali. Cholinga chachikulu cha mankhwalawa ndikukhazikitsa kagayidwe ka glucose. Imathandizira kuti muchepetse kusweka kwa mapuloteni ndipo imakhudzanso minofu ya thupi. Humulin NPH imawonjezera ntchito ya ma enzyme omwe amalimbikitsa mapangidwe a glycogen mu minofu minofu. Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta acids, kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa glycerol, kumathandizira kupanga mapuloteni komanso kumalimbikitsa kumwa ma aminocarboxylic acid ndi maselo amisempha.

Ma Analogs omwe amachepetsa shuga la magazi ndi:

1. Actrafan NM.
2. Diafan ChSP.
3. Wofukiza N.
4. Protafan NM.
5. Humodar B.

Pambuyo jekeseni, yankho limayamba kugwira ntchito pambuyo pa ola limodzi, mphamvu zonse zimachitika mkati mwa maola 2-8, chinthucho chimakhalabe chogwira ntchito kwa maola 18-20. Nthawi yakukonzekera kwa mahomoni kutengera mlingo womwe wagwiritsidwa ntchito, tsamba la jakisoni, ndi zochita za anthu.

Humulin NPH akuwonetsedwa kuti agwiritse ntchito:

1. Matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi insulin.
2. Woyamba anapeza matenda a shuga.
3. Amayi oyembekezera omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin.

Malangizowo akuti mankhwalawa saikidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la hypoglycemia, lomwe limadziwika ndi kutsika kwa magazi m'munsi mwa 3.5 mmol / l, m'magazi otumphukira - 3,3 mmol / l, kwa odwala omwe ali ndi hypersensitivity kwa zigawo zina za mankhwala.
Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zingachitike mutagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri zimawonetsedwa:

1. Hypoglycemia.
2. Kuwonongeka kwamafuta.
3. Zokhudza zonse komanso zam'deralo.

Ponena za mankhwala osokoneza bongo a mankhwalawa, palibe zizindikiro zenizeni zosokoneza bongo. Zizindikiro zazikuluzikulu zimadziwika ngati chiyambi cha hypoglycemia. Vutoli limaphatikizidwa ndi kupweteka kwamutu, tachycardia, thukuta lotupa komanso khungu. Popewa zovuta zotere, dokotala amasankha kuchuluka kwa wodwala aliyense payekhapayekha, poganizira kuchuluka kwa glycemia.

Ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri, hypoglycemia ingachitike.

• Humulin-m3

Humulin M3, monga mankhwala am'mbuyomu, adapangidwa nthawi yayitali. Imadziwika mu mawonekedwe a kuyimitsidwa kwamitundu iwiri, makatoni am'magalasi amakhala ndi insulin humulin pafupipafupi (30%) ndi humulin-nph (70%). Cholinga chachikulu cha Humulin Mz ndikuwongolera kagayidwe ka glucose.

Mankhwalawa amathandizira kupanga minofu, imatulutsa shuga ndi aminocarboxylic acid m'maselo a minofu ndi minyewa ina kupatula ubongo. Humulin M3 imathandizira mu minofu ya chiwindi kusanduliza glucose kukhala glycogen, imalepheretsa gluconeogeneis ndikusintha glucose owonjezereka kukhala subcutaneous ndi visceral mafuta.

Zotsatira za mankhwalawa ndi:

1. Protafan NM.
2. Farmasulin.
3. Actrapid Flekspen.
4. Lantus Optiset.

Pambuyo pakubaya, Humulin M3 imayamba kugwira ntchito pambuyo pa mphindi 30-60, mphamvu kwambiri imapezeka mkati mwa maola 2-12, nthawi ya insulini ndi maola 24. Zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya Humulin m3 zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi tsamba losankhidwa ndi jekeseni, ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi za munthu ndi chakudya chake.

1. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe amafunikira chithandizo cha insulin.
2. Amayi oyembekezera omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Neutral insulini zothetsera zimaphatikizidwa pakupezeka hypoglycemia ndi hypersensitivity pazomwe zimapangidwira. Mankhwala a insulin ayenera kuchitika moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala, omwe amachotsa kukula ndi kusokonezeka kwa hypoglycemia, komwe kumatha, chifukwa chabwino kwambiri, chomwe chimayambitsa kukhumudwa komanso kutaya chikumbumtima, choyipa kwambiri - kumayambiriro kwa imfa.

Pa mankhwala a insulini, odwala amatha kudwala matendawa, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala akuwukidwa, kusungunuka, kapena kutupira khungu pakhungu.Khungu limakhala yofanana pakadutsa masiku 1-2, pamavuto ena pamafunika masabata angapo. Nthawi zina zizindikirozi ndi chizindikiro cha jakisoni wolakwika.

Kuchepa kwachilengedwe kumachitika pang'onopang'ono nthawi zambiri, koma mawonekedwe ake ndi akulu kwambiri kuposa omwe adachita kale, monga kuyabwa kofulumira, kupuma movutikira, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuseka kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwa mtima. Mu zochitika zapadera, ziwengo zimatha kusokoneza moyo wa munthu, vutolo limakonzedwa ndi chithandizo chadzidzidzi, kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwaumoyo ndi kulandira mankhwala.

Mankhwalawa amalembera anthu omwe akufuna insulin.

• Humulin regula - kuchita mwachidule

Humulin P ndi mtundu wopangidwira wa DNA wokhala ndi nthawi yayifupi. Cholinga chachikulu ndikukhazikitsa kagayidwe ka glucose. Ntchito zonse zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa mankhwalawa ndizofanana ndi mfundo yodziwitsidwa ndi ma humulin ena. Njira yothetsera vutoli ikuwonetsedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri, ndikulimbana ndi thupi pakumwa mankhwala a hypoglycemic ndi mankhwala ophatikiza.
Humulin regula wasankhidwa:

1. Ndi matenda ashuga ketoacidosis.
2. Ketoacidotic ndi hyperosmolar chikomokere.
3. Ngati matenda ashuga adawoneka panthawi yobala mwana (kutengera kulephera kwa zakudya).
4. Ndi njira yaposachedwa yochizira matenda a shuga.
5. Mukasinthira ku insulin yowonjezera.
6. Pamaso pa opareshoni, ndi zovuta za metabolic.

Humulin P imaphatikizidwa chifukwa cha hypersensitivity pamagulu a mankhwala ndipo amadziwika kuti ali ndi hypoglycemia. Dokotala payekhapayekha amalembera wodwalayo mlingo ndi mtundu wa jakisoni poganizira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi asanadye komanso pambuyo pa maola 1-2 atatha. Kuphatikiza apo, pakadutsa mlingo, kuchuluka kwa shuga pamkodzo ndi njira yodziwika bwino ya matendawa amakhudzidwa.

Mankhwala omwe amawaganizira, mosiyana ndi omwe adapita nawo, amatha kuperekedwa kudzera mwa intramuscularly, subcutanely and intrarally. Njira yodziwika kwambiri yoyendetsera ndi yodutsa. Pazovuta zovuta za shuga ndi chikomokere, odwala jekeseni a IV ndi IM amakonda. Ndi monotherapy, mankhwalawa amatumizidwa katatu pa tsiku. Pofuna kupatula kupezeka kwa lipodystrophy, malo a jakisoni amasinthidwa nthawi iliyonse.

Humulin P, ngati pakufunika, imaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala a mahomoni amtundu wa nthawi yayitali. Zofananira za mankhwala:

1. Actrapid NM.
2. Biosulin R.
3. Insuman Rapid GT.
4. Rosinsulin R.

Mankhwalawa amadziwitsidwa ndikusintha kwa insulin yayitali

Mtengo wa izi m'malo umayambira ku ma ruble 185, Rosinsulin amadziwika kuti ndi mankhwala okwera mtengo kwambiri, mtengo wake lero ndi oposa ruble 900. M'malo insulin ndi analogue ziyenera kuchitika ndi nawo madokotala. Analogue yotsika mtengo ya Humulin R ndi Actrapid, wotchuka kwambiri ndi NovoRapid Flekspen.

• Humulinultralente wotalikirapo

Insulin Humulin ultralente ndi mankhwala ena omwe amawonetsedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga. Chogulitsidwachi chimakhudzidwa ndi DNA yomwe imapangidwanso ndipo ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuyimitsidwa kumayambitsidwa patatha maola atatu jakisoni itatha, mphamvu yotsika imatheka mkati mwa maola 18. Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito akuwonetsa kuti nthawi yayitali ya Humulinultralente ndi maola 24-28.

Dokotala amakhazikitsa mlingo wa mankhwala kwa wodwala aliyense payekhapayekha, poganizira momwe wodwalayo alili. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa popanda kuwonjezeredwa, jakisoni amapangidwa pansi pa khungu kawiri pa tsiku. Humulin Ultralente akaphatikizidwa ndi mahomoni ena opanga, jakisoni amaperekedwa nthawi yomweyo. Kufunika kwa insulini kumawonjezeka ngati munthu akudwala, akukumana ndi zovuta, amatenga pakati pakamwa, glucocorticoids kapena mahomoni a chithokomiro.Ndipo, mmalo mwake, amachepetsa ndimatenda a chiwindi ndi impso, pomwe mukutenga ma MA inhibitors ndi beta-blockers.
Mndandanda wa mankhwalawa: Humodar K25, Gensulin M30, Insuman Comb ndi Farmasulin.

Ganizirani zotsutsana ndi zoyipa.

Monga ma humulin onse, insulin ultralente imayesedwa chifukwa cha hypoglycemia yomwe ikupitilira komanso chiwopsezo champhamvu cha zigawo zina za chinthu. Malinga ndi akatswiri, zotsatira zoyipa sizimadziwonetsera zokha kuti siziyenda bwino. Zotheka pambuyo pobayikiridwa ndi jakisoni wa lipodystrophy, momwe kuchuluka kwa minofu ya adipose mu minofu ya subcutaneous kumachepa, komanso kukana insulin.

Nthawi zina, mankhwalawa amayambitsa sayanjana.

• Analogue yotchuka ya humulin - Protaphane

Insulin Protafan NM imawonetsedwa kwa matenda osokoneza bongo a mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri, pakulimbana kwa sulfonylurea, zotumphukira zamagulu a matenda ashuga, mu nthawi ya opaleshoni ndi yotsatila, kwa amayi apakati.

Protafan imaperekedwa kwa wodwala aliyense payekhapayekha, poganizira zosowa za thupi lake. Malinga ndi malangizo, kufunika kwa mlingo wowonjezera wa mahomoni ndi 0.3 - 1 IU / kg / tsiku.

Kufunika kumawonjezereka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi insulin kukokana (kuwonongeka kwa kagayidwe kazakudya ka maselo kupita ku insulin), nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika ndi odwala nthawi yakutha komanso kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Kuwongolera mlingo wa mankhwalawa kutha kuchitika ndi adokotala ngati wodwalayo ali ndi matenda ofanana, makamaka ngati matenda ndi matenda. Mlingo umasinthidwa matenda a chiwindi, impso ndi matenda a chithokomiro. Protafan NM imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati jekeseni wofikira mu monotherapy komanso kuphatikiza ndi ma insulin afupipafupi kapena achangu.

Mitundu ndi mitundu yotulutsidwa kwa Humulin

Insulin Humulin ndi mahomoni omwe amabwerezeranso insulin yopanga thupi la munthu, kapangidwe ka amino acid ndi kulemera kwa maselo. Ndizobwerezanso, kutanthauza kuti, zimapangidwa molingana ndi njira zopangira ma genetic. Mlingo wowerengeka wa mankhwalawa ukhoza kubwezeretsa kagayidwe kazakudya mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga komanso kupewa mavuto.

Mitundu ya Humulin:

1. Humulin Wokhazikika - Ili ndi yankho la insulin yoyera, amatanthauza mankhwala osakhalitsa. Cholinga chake ndikuthandizira shuga kuchokera m'magazi kuti alowe m'maselo, pomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi thupi mphamvu. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi insulin yapakatikati kapena yayitali. Itha kuthandizidwa pokhapokha ngati wodwala matenda ashuga ali ndi insulin pump.
2. Humulin NPH - kuyimitsidwa komwe kumapangidwa kuchokera ku insulin yaumunthu ndi protamine sulfate. Chifukwa cha izi, mphamvu yotsitsa shuga imayamba pang'onopang'ono kuposa ya insulin yayifupi, ndipo imatenga nthawi yayitali. Makina awiri patsiku ndi okwanira kusintha glycemia pakati pa chakudya. Nthawi zambiri, Humulin NPH imayikidwa limodzi ndi insulin yocheperako, koma ndi mtundu wa 2 wodwala umatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pawokha.
3. Humulin M3 Kodi kukonzekera kw magawo awiri okhala ndi 30% insulin Yokhazikika ndi 70% - NPH. Zochepa zomwe zimapezeka pamsika Humulin M2, zimakhala ndi 20:80. Chifukwa chakuti gawo la mahomoni limayikidwa ndi wopanga ndipo siliganizira zofuna za wodwalayo, shuga yamagazi ndi chithandizo chake silingathe kuyendetsedwa bwino ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito insulin yayifupi komanso yapakati. Humulin M3 angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi odwala matenda ashuga, omwe analimbikitsa chikhalidwe njira ya insulin mankhwala.

Kutalika kwa malangizo:

Ma humulin onse omwe amapangidwa ndi Humulin pano ali ndi U100, chifukwa chake ndioyenera kukhala masiku ano a insulin komanso ma syringe.

Kutulutsa Mafomu:

• 10 ml magalasi Mbale
• makatoni azitsulo, okhala ndi 3 ml, phukusi la zidutswa 5.

Humulin insulin imayang'aniridwa pang'onopang'ono, mozama - intramuscularly. Kuwongolera kwa intravenous kumaloledwa kokha kwa Humulin Regular, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa kwambiri hyperglycemia ndipo iyenera kuchitidwa kokha moyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala.

Zizindikiro ndi contraindication

Malinga ndi malangizo, Humulin ikhoza kuperekedwa kwa odwala onse omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la insulin. Nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 kapena wopitilira 2 years. Kuchiza kwa insulin kwakanthawi kumakhala kotheka ngati muli ndi mwana, chifukwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga amaletsedwa panthawiyi.

Humulin M3 amangolembera okhawo odwala achikulire, omwe kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolimbikitsira insulin kumakhala kovuta. Chifukwa cha chiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha zovuta za matenda osokoneza bongo mpaka azaka 18, Humulin M3 ali osavomerezeka.

Zotsatira zoyipa:

• Hypoglycemia chifukwa cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri a insulin, osawerengeka zolimbitsa thupi, kusowa kwa chakudya mu chakudya.
• Zizindikiro za chifuwa, monga zotupa, kutupa, kuyabwa, komanso redness kuzungulira malo a jekeseni. Amatha kuchitika chifukwa cha insulin yonse ya anthu komanso mankhwala othandizira a mankhwalawo. Ngati ziwengo zikupitilira mkati mwa sabata limodzi, Humulin adzasinthidwa ndi insulini ina.
• Kupweteka kwapakhosi kapena kupsinjika, kuwonjezeka kwa mtima kumatha kuchitika pomwe wodwalayo akusowa kwambiri potaziyamu. Zizindikiro zimatha atachotsa kuchepa kwa macronutrient iyi.
• Sinthani makulidwe amkhungu ndi minofu yolowera m'malo opaka jekeseni pafupipafupi.

Kuyimitsa kuphatikiza kwa insulini kumakhala koopsa, chifukwa chake, ngakhale pakachitika zosagwirizana, chithandizo cha insulini chikuyenera kupitilizidwa mpaka mukakumana ndi dokotala.

Odwala ambiri omwe amadziwika ndi Humulin samakumana ndi zovuta zina zina kupatula hypoglycemia.

Humulin - malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito

Kuwerengera Mlingo, kukonzekera jakisoni ndi makonzedwe a Humulin ndi ofanana ndi insulin ina yokonzekera nthawi yofanana. Kusiyanitsa kokha ndi nthawi musanadye. Mu Humulin pafupipafupi ndi mphindi 30. Ndikofunika kukonzekera kudziwongolera koyamba kwa mahomoni isanakwane, mutawerenga mosamala malangizo ogwiritsa ntchito.

Kukonzekera

Insulin iyenera kuchotsedwa mufiriji pasadakhale kuti kutentha kwa yankho atapeza chipinda. Makatoni kapena botolo la osakanikirana la mahomoni okhala ndi protamine (Humulin NPH, Humulin M3 ndi M2) amayenera kukukhidwira pakati pama manja kangapo ndikuwatembenukira mmwamba kuti kuyimitsidwa kumatha kusungunuka kwathunthu ndipo kuyimitsidwa kumapeza yunifolomu ya milky popanda kulowa. Gwedezani mwamphamvu kuti mupewe kuchuluka kwakanthawi koyimitsidwa ndi mpweya. Humulin Yokhazikika sikufuna kukonzekera kotere, imakhala yowonekera nthawi zonse.

Kutalika kwa singano kumasankhidwa mwanjira yoti muwonetsetse jakisoni wambiri komanso osalowetsa minofu. Mapensulo a syringe oyenera kukhala ndi insulin Humulin - Humapen, BD-pen ndi fanizo lawo.

Insulin imalowetsedwa m'malo omwe amakhala ndi minofu yopanga mafuta am'mimba, ntchafu, matako ndi mikono yakumtunda. Kuthiridwa mwachangu kwambiri komanso kwamayendedwe m'magazi kumayang'aniridwa ndi jakisoni m'mimba, kotero Humulin Regular imakankhidwa pamenepo. Kuti machitidwe a mankhwalawa atsatire malangizo, ndizosatheka kuwonjezera magazi mwanjira ya jakisoni: kupukuta, kupukusa, ndikuviika m'madzi otentha.

Mukamayambitsa Humulin, ndikofunikira kuti musathamangire: sonkhanitsani khungu lanu mwachangu popanda kumata minofu, pang'onopang'ono mankhwalawa, kenako ndikani singano pakhungu kwa masekondi angapo kuti yankho lisayambike kutayikira. Kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha lipodystrophy ndi kutupa, masingano amasinthidwa mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito iliyonse.

Machenjezo

Mlingo woyambirira wa Humulin uyenera kusankhidwa molumikizana ndi adokotala. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kutsitsa shuga komanso kuperewera kwa hypoglycemic.Kuchuluka kwa timadzi tambiri timene timayambitsa matenda a diabetes ketoacidosis, angiopathies osiyanasiyana ndi neuropathy.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya insulin imasiyana mu kuyenera, chifukwa chake muyenera kusintha kuchokera ku Humulin kupita ku mankhwala ena pokhapokha ngati muli ndi mavuto kapena musadzabwezeretse shuga. Kusintha kumafuna kutembenuka kwa mlingo komanso zowonjezera, pafupipafupi kuyang'anira glycemic.

Kufunika kwa insulin kumatha kuwonjezeka kusintha kwa mahomoni m'thupi, ndikumamwa mankhwala ena, matenda opatsirana, kupsinjika. Mahomoni ocheperako amafunikira kwa odwala omwe ali ndi hepatic ndipo, makamaka, kulephera kwa aimpso.

Malamulo osungira a Humulin

Mitundu yonse ya insulini imafunikira malo osungirako apadera. Mphamvu za mahomoni zimasintha kwambiri panthawi ya kuzizira, kuwonekera kwa ma radiation ya ultraviolet ndi kutentha pamwamba pa 35 ° C. Soko imasungidwa mufiriji, pakhomo kapena pashelufu kutali ndi khoma lakumbuyo. Moyo wa alumali molingana ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito: zaka zitatu za Humulin NPH ndi M3, zaka 2 kwa Wokhazikika. Botolo lotseguka limatha kutentha kutentha kwa 15-25 ° C kwa masiku 28.

Zotsatira za mankhwala a humulin

Mankhwala amatha kusintha zotsatira za insulin ndikukulitsa chiopsezo cha mavuto. Chifukwa chake, popereka mahomoni, dokotala amafunika kupereka mndandanda wathunthu wa mankhwala omwe amwedwa, kuphatikizapo zitsamba, mavitamini, zowonjezera zakudya, zowonjezera masewera ndi njira zakulera.

Zotsatira zake:

Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi yapakati

Pofuna kupewa kutaya mtima kwa mwana wosabadwayo panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati, ndikofunikira kuti azikhala ndi glycemia wabwinobwino. Mankhwala a Hypoglycemic ndi oletsedwa pakadali pano, chifukwa amalepheretsa kupereka kwa mwana chakudya. Njira yokhayo yovomerezeka pakadali pano ndi ya insulin yayitali komanso yochepa, kuphatikiza Humulin NPH ndi Wokhazikika. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Humulin M3 sikofunikira, chifukwa sikutha kulipirira bwino shuga.

Pa nthawi yobereka, kufunika kwa mahomoni kumasintha kangapo: kumachepa mu trimester yoyamba, kumawonjezeka kwambiri mu 2 ndi 3, ndipo kumatsika kwambiri pambuyo pobadwa mwana. Chifukwa chake, madokotala onse omwe amayendetsa pakati ndi kubereka ana ayenera kudziwitsidwa za kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga mwa akazi.

Humulin insulin ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda choletsa panthawi yoyamwitsa, popeza sichilowa mkaka komanso sichikhudza shuga la magazi a mwana.

Chingalowe m'malo mwa Humulin insulin ngati zotsatira zoyipa:

Tebulo ili limangofanizira mndandanda wathunthu - mwanjira ya anthu opanga majini okhala ndi nthawi yayitali.

Onetsetsani kuti mwaphunzira! Kodi mukuganiza kuti kuyamwa kwa mapiritsi ndi insulini kwa nthawi yonse yokhayo ndi njira yokhayo yosungira shuga m'manja? Sichowona! Mutha kutsimikizira izi nokha ndikuyamba kuzigwiritsa ntchito. werengani zambiri >>

Kodi imalembedwa liti?

Mankhwala "Humulin M3" amawonetsedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga omwe amafunikira mankhwala a insulin, komanso matenda a shuga, omwe amapezeka mwa azimayi nthawi ya bere. Mankhwalawa amathandizira kusintha glucose kukhala glycogen ndikusintha shuga kukhala mafuta, potero amachepetsa chiopsezo cha gluconeogeneis. Musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala, muyenera kufunsa dokotala yemwe amawerengera komanso kupanga nthawi yodziwika.

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Kodi ndizotheka kuti azimayi apakati komanso oyamwitsa?

Malangizo a mankhwala amalola kugwiritsa ntchito kuyimitsidwa kukonzanso glucose wa gestational shuga mellitus pa nthawi ya bere. Fotokozerani mankhwala ndi mankhwala ayenera kukhala dokotala. Mankhwalawa athandizira kuchepetsa zoopsa zomwe zingayambitse ziwalo zamkati mwa mluza ndipo zithandizanso kuti mayi asavutike nthawi yayitali. Palibe choletsa kuvomerezedwa panthawi yoyamwitsa. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino insulin, cholembera cha syringe chokhala ndi makatiriji okhala ndi yankho lokonzekera kukhazikitsidwa amathandizidwa kwa amayi oyembekezera.

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Contraindication ndi zoyipa

Mankhwala ndi oletsedwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la hypoglycemia. 100 IU ya mobwerezabwereza insulin ya anthu pa 1 ml ya mankhwala, omwe, molondola ndi mlingo, samayambitsa zovuta, kupatula kuti thupi lawo siligwirizana ndi zigawo za mankhwala. Ngati thupi lakana mankhwalawo, zotsatirapo zake zimakhala zotsatirazi:

Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwalawa zimatha kuonekera pakhungu pakhungu.

• thukuta kwambiri
• khungu chikanga, kuyabwa, redness wa khungu,
• kupuma movutikira
• kuchepetsedwa kwa mavuto
• tachycardia.

Kutalika kwa mavuto kumasiyana. Kuti muchepetse kusapeza bwino pamlingo wocheperako wa hypoglycemia, tikulimbikitsidwa kumwa shuga pang'ono. Mankhwalawa akaphatikizidwa ndi insulin yayitali, zotsatira zoyipa za bongo zimachitika pang'onopang'ono ndipo zimatha kuchitika patatha maola awiri ndi atatu. Kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa shuga komanso osagwiritsa ntchito shuga, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito glucometer kuti muwone ngati munthu wodwala matenda ashuga.

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Kupumula ndikusungira

Mankhwalawa amagulidwa kokha ngati amupatsa mankhwala. Ma cartridge kapena mbale za Ampoule tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisungidwe m'malo abwinobwino. firiji ndiyabwino ngati kutentha kwake kumakhalapobe kosungidwa mkati mwa 2-8 madigiri. Njira yothetsera vutoli siyenera kuzizira. Kuyimitsidwa kwamakristali sikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Chingwe chotseguka chimaloledwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito kwa masiku 28, kupatula popanda kuunika kwa madigiri 15 mpaka 26. Malangizowo akutsimikiza kuti musagulitse ana ndi nyama.

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Mitu ya mankhwalawa

Ngati akukana kapena sayanjana, mankhwalawa amathandizidwa kuti asinthe ndi analog. Kuyimitsidwa kwamankhwala molingana ndi kupangidwanso kwa insulin yaumunthu kumakhala koyenera. Sinthani mankhwalawo ndi analogue ya nkhumba ya mahomoni osavomerezeka. Mwa mankhwala omwewa, Insuman Bazal, Mikstard 30 NM, Rinsulin NPH ndi mankhwala ena a shuga omwe ali ndi insulin-isophan (INN) amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mlingo ndi kufanana kwake kuyenera kuyikidwa ndi dokotala. Kudzichitira nokha mankhwala sikovomerezeka.

Sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito liti?

Pali zotsutsana zochepa pakugwiritsira ntchito Humulin. Izi zimaphatikizapo: hypoglycemia, yomwe imakhazikitsidwa musanamwe mankhwalawo, komanso chidwi cha anthu pazigawo zake. Choyipa chachikulu ndi hypoglycemia, yomwe imatha kukomoka komanso ngakhale kufa, koma zotsatira zoyipa ndizosowa kwambiri.

Zotsatira zina zoyipa:

• kupuma movutikira
• kupuma movutikira
• hypotension
• kutuluka thukuta kwambiri
• Khungu
• kukoka mwachangu.

Nthawi zina kuwonetseredwa kwanuko kumatha kuchitika, monga hyperemia, edema. Ngati bongo umachitika, zotsatirazi zimachitika thupi:

• achina,
• thukuta lalikulu
• migraine
• chizungulire ndi mutu
• Khungu lakhungu,
• kufooka
• nseru
• tachycardia
• kunjenjemera.

Hypoglycemia iyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala, monga momwe zinthu zina zingasinthire. Kuti muthane ndi matenda ofatsa, mutha kumwa shuga pang'ono. Kenako, muyenera kusintha zakudya ndi zakudya, komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ndi avareji ya hypoglycemia, glucagon imayendetsedwa mu mawonekedwe a jakisoni ndipo pakamwa kudya zakudya zamthupi kumachitika. A kwambiri mawonekedwe a matendawa amatha kudziwika ndi chikomokere, kukomoka, kusokonezeka kwamanjenje.

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mankhwalawa?

Mlingo wa humulin uyenera kusankhidwa mosiyanasiyana. Mankhwala sangathe kutumikiridwa kudzera m'mitsempha. Njira yodziwika kwambiri ya kulowetsedwa imakhala pansi pa khungu, nthawi zina intramuscularly. Kwa subcutaneous makonzedwe, dera la m'chiuno, matako, phewa, ndi m'mimba ndilabwino. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, m'malo amodzi simungathe kupanga jakisoni wopitilira 1. Popeza maluso ena amafunikira pobayira jakisoni wa mankhwalawo, ndibwino kuperekera njira izi kwa omwe akuchita chithandizo chamankhwala poyamba. Mukapereka mankhwalawa, ndikofunikira kuti musalowe m'mitsempha osati kupaka jakisoni.

Musanagwiritse ntchito, makatoni ndi mabotolo amayenera kugududwa kanthawi khumi m'manja mwanu ndikugwedezeka kuti kuyimitsidwa kukhala matte kapena mtundu pafupi ndi mkaka. Ndizosatheka kugwedeza zomwe zili mumbale za mbalezo kwambiri, chifukwa chithovu chotsatiracho chimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kudziwa molondola. Pokonzekera insulin, muyenera kupenda mosamala zomwe zili m'mapulogalamuwa. Ngati zotupa, zotumphukira zoyera, mawonekedwe omwe ali pamakoma ngati chisanu amawonekera mmenemo, mankhwalawa sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuti mupeze jakisoni, ndikofunikira kutenga syringe ya voliyumu yomwe ikufanana ndi mlingo wofunikira. Pambuyo pa njirayi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwononge singano ndikutseka chogwiritsa ntchito chipewa. Izi ndizofunikira kuti tisungidwe osasokoneza mankhwalawa, kuti tipewe kutsekeka kwa zinthu zakunja ndi mpweya kulowa. Osagwiritsa ntchito singano kapena syringe kachiwiri. Sungani mankhwalawo pamalo abwino amdima. Mukayamba kugwiritsa ntchito, botolo limatha kusungidwa osaposa mwezi umodzi.

Ndi kuyambitsa kwa Humulin NPH, mawonekedwe ena ogwiritsira ntchito akuyenera kuganiziridwa:

Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

• kudalira insulin wodwala kumachepa ngati impso, adrenal, pituitary, chithokomiro, chiwindi, ntchito
• pamavuto, wodwala amafunanso insulin yambiri,
• Kusintha kwa mankhwalawa ndikofunikira posintha zakudya kapena mukamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi,
• ziwengo zomwe zimapezeka mwa wodwala sizingakhale zokhudzana ndi insulin.
• Nthawi zina kumayambiriro kwa mankhwalawa kungafune kuthandizidwa mwadzidzidzi.

Chifukwa cha chiwopsezo cha kukhala ndi hypoglycemia pambuyo pa jekeseni, munthu ayenera kupewa magalimoto oyendetsa ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito.

Kuchita bwino kwa mankhwalawa kumachepa ngati mutenga njira zakulera zam'mlomo, mahomoni a chithokomiro, antidepressants, diuretics, glucocorticoids mofananirana. Mphamvu ya mankhwalawa imalimbikitsidwa ngati mumamwa nthawi yomweyo:

• Mowa
• mankhwala a hypoglycemic
• salicylates,
• beta adenoblockers,
• sulfonamides,
• Mao zoletsa.

Clonidine ndi reserpine zimatha kupereka zizindikiro za hypoglycemia.

Analogi ndi mitengo

Mtengo wapakati pa paketi ya Humulin NPH umasiyana pakati pa ma ruble 1000. Popeza mankhwalawa palibe, mungagwiritse ntchito fanizo limodzi. Izi ndi:

1. Mwadzidzidzi insulin-Ferein. M'mapangidwe ake mumakhala insulin yopanga ya anthu.Mankhwalawa amapezeka mu njira yothetsera jakisoni wa subcutaneous.
2. Monotard NM. Mankhwala ndi a gulu la insulin ndi pafupifupi nthawi ya kuchitapo, amapezeka mwa kuyimitsidwa kwa 10 ml botolo.
3. Humodar B. Muli insulin yaumunthu, imapezekanso mu 100 IU mu 1 ml.
4. Pensulin SS ndi analogue ina yopanga nthawi yayitali.

Mwa zina mwa Humulin NPH pali:

1. Humulin M3. Ichi ndi kuyimitsidwa kw magawo awiri komwe kumakhala insulin yaumunthu ndipo kuyimitsidwa kwa isofan insulin muyezo wa 30:70, motsatana. Mankhwalawa amawunikira ngati mankhwala a nthawi yayitali, amayamba kugwira ntchito mkati mwa theka la ola pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa, kutalika konse kwa zotsatira zake mpaka maola 15. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha kapena mozungulira. Kupanda kutero, zisonyezo ndi contraindication zimagwirizana kwathunthu ndi Humulin NPH, kumwa mankhwalawa akhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi jakisoni.
2. Humulin Wokhazikika. Monga Humulin NPH, ilinso ndi insulin yokhala ndi DNA. Komabe, mankhwalawa amatanthauza mankhwala a insulin okhazikika, chifukwa chake, amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi Humulin NPH.
3. Vozulim N. Muli insulin-isophan ya anthu ndipo amatanthauza mankhwala a nthawi yayitali. Amaperekedwa mosamala kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto loyenda mu ubongo. Malangizo ena onse ogwiritsira ntchito amagwirizana ndi mankhwala oyambira.
4. Gensulin M. Muli kuphatikiza kwa ma insulin apakati komanso apafupi. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa mwachangu ndipo amayamba kuchita mkati mwa theka la ola.

Pharmacology yamakono ali okonzeka kupereka chisankho chachikulu cha insulin yokonzekera odwala matenda ashuga. Komabe, chifukwa chosiyana pakapangidwe kake komanso nthawi yomwe akuchitapo kanthu, katswiri wodziwa bwino yekha ndiye ayenera kusankha analogue a mankhwala omwe adakhazikitsidwa, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mulingo wake ndi uti.

Ndemanga za Odwala

Odwala ambiri amalabadira mosiyanasiyana pokonzekera insulin. Makamaka, Humulin NPH samayambitsa zovuta, ngakhale malangizo ogwiritsa ntchito amachenjeza za iwo. Insulin yochokera ku mankhwalawa imamwetsedwa bwino ngati mulingo amawerengedwa molondola ndipo jakisoni adapangidwa bwino. Zomwe zimangoyambitsa zovuta zoyipa zitha kukhala kusankhidwa kwa dokotala kapena jakisoni wosalakwa ndi namwino kapena wodwalayo. Kuti mupewe izi, muyenera kuyandikira mosamala momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mankhwalawa. Njira yokhayo yopewa bongo ndi zotsatira zoyipa.

Humulin NPH ndi kukonzekera kwa insulini kuchokera ku gulu la mankhwala othandizira nthawi yayitali. Dokotala wokha amene amathandizira wodwala matenda a shuga ayenera kupereka mankhwala. Njira izi zikuthandizira kupewa bongo, chisankho cholakwika cha analogue komanso kuwerengetsa voliyumu yomwe wodwala amafunikira. Dokotala amathanso kuganizira zofunikira zapadera zomwe angagwiritse ntchito ndi zotsutsana ndi wodwala, zomwe zimapewe kuyipa kwa mankhwalawa.