Zotsatira za insulin pamisempha

Insulin ndi mahomoni omwe amawongolera mwachindunji kagayidwe kazakudya m'thupi. Mwachilengedwe chake, ndi peptide yomwe imakhala ndi mitundu ya 51 ya amino acid. Ndiko kutsatira mosamalitsa kwa ma amino acid ena omwe amapatsa peptide iyi ntchito ya wolamulira wa metabolism ya carbohydrate.

Malo osakanikirana ndi insulin ndi kapamba, amene amatha kugawidwa m'magulu angapo. Gawo lililonse loterolo limapanga mahomoni ena, mwachitsanzo, glucagon kapena somatostatin. Insulin palokha imapangidwa mu ma cell a B a langerhans, (maselo apadera a kapamba).

Ma mamolekyulu opangidwa samatulutsidwa nthawi yomweyo kulowa m'magazi, koma amakhalabe mu "depot" ya kapamba, akuyembekezera kuti amasulidwe. Choyambitsa chomwe chikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulini yamagazi ndi shuga.

Glucose, yemwe, kudzera mumtsinje wamagazi, amalowa kapamba, amalumikizana ndi zolandilira zina zomwe zimakhala pamtundu wa maselo a kapamba. Zotsatira zake, limagwirira ntchito yonse yochititsidwa, yomwe cholinga chake ndikutulutsa insulin m'magazi.

Insulin imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi mwachindunji - mahomoni enieniwo samamangirira glucose mwanjira iliyonse. Chifukwa choti glucose sangalowe mu cell, ndikofunikira kuti mapuloteni apadera othandizira apereke mamolekyulu a shuga mkati mwa cell. Pofuna kukhazikitsa mapuloteni awa, kutenga gawo la insulin, lomwe limalumikizana ndi ma cell ake kumtunda kwa maselo, ndikuphatikizira njira yovuta kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito shuga.

Monga mukuwonera, makina othandizira a glucose ndi ovuta kwambiri ndipo kuphwanya kulikonse kwa cholumikizira mumtengowu kumabweretsa mavuto.

Hyperglycemia

Zaka khumi zapitazi, matenda oopsa ngati matenda ashuga asiya kusowa - malinga ndi zomwe zapezeka posachedwa, pali anthu pafupifupi 250 miliyoni omwe akudwala matendawa padziko lapansi, ndipo malinga ndi ziwerengero, mphindi iliyonse, kuchuluka kwa odwala kumawonjezeka ndi anthu 12.

Momwemo, matenda a shuga amagawika m'mitundu iwiri:

Mtundu 1 (pamene kapamba awonongeka ndipo sagwira ntchito ya insulin, chifukwa chomwe, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumachepa kwambiri)
Mtundu 2 (pali kuphwanya kumangidwa kwa insulini kupita ku insulin receptors)

Nthawi zambiri, matenda ashuga amatenga mtundu wamtundu wa insulin-wodziimira pawokha, pamene insulin imapangidwa m'njira zambiri, koma thupi limaleka kuzizindikira.

Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa chakuti maselo amataya ma insulin receptors (matenda a autoimmune ndi omwe amachititsa pomwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimazindikira izi zolandilira ngati zinthu zachilendo ndipo zimakonda kuwawononga).

Ndipo zimapezeka kuti pali glucose, pali insulini, koma palibe zotheka, ndipo glucose amakhalabe m'magazi osalowa ma cell omwe akufuna.

Mwachizolowezi, kutsika kwa shuga kumachitika kuyambira 3,3 mmol / lita mpaka 5.5 mmol / lita.

Hyperglycemia iyenera kutchulidwa pamene kuchuluka kwa glucose kupitirira 6.1 mmol / lita.

Ndipo izi zimabweretsa zovuta zambiri:

Omwe amagwiritsa ntchito shuga ndi chiwindi, ubongo ndi minofu. Koma ma adipocytes amadyanso shuga - awa ndi ma cell omwe amadziwika kuti ndiwo mafuta, omwe amadzaza mafuta. Ndipo ngati ogula kwambiri sakumana ndi insulin, ndiye kuti mahomoni ambiri amakumana ndi adipocyte receptors, omwe amasintha glucose kukhala mamolekyulu amafuta ndikulimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta. Izi zikufotokozera kuti anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ali ndi mavuto a kunenepa.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumatha kupangitsa matenda ena angapo omwe siochenjera komanso owopsa, makamaka atherosclerosis kapena matenda a mtima.

Hypoglycemia

Nthawi zina insulin imakwaniritsa ntchito yake ndikuyambitsa kutsutsana - hypoglycemia, pamene shuga yatsika pansi 3.3 mmol / lita. Mkhalidwe wofananawo ungawoneke mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chotupa cha pancreatic (gland imachuluka, motero kutulutsidwa kwa insulin), koma nthawi zambiri, izi zimachitika mwa odwala omwe amalandiridwa ndi insulin. Kulephera kutsatira malamulo oyendetsera (mwachitsanzo, kusala kudya), kumachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndipo chifukwa chake, mu minofu ndikuthandizira pakupanga zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

Lakuthwa kwambiri
Kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, mpaka kugwa
Khungu loyera ndi lonyowa
Kuda nkhawa
Kugwedezeka komanso kuwonongeka

Mukapanda kuwonjezera msanga shuga, ndiye kuti mkhalidwewu umasinthira kukhala chikomokere, chomwe chimatha kutha m'mphindi zochepa.

Pomaliza

Chakudya chopanda malire ndi maswiti ambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu "zamkati", monga mowa ndi chikonga, chimatha insulini pang'onopang'ono ndikuyambitsa kusokonekera kwa pancreatic. Tsoka ilo, nthawi zina, chithandizo chimayimiriridwa ndi jakisoni wobwerezabwereza wa insulin (popeza insulin imawonongeka m'mimba, ndikuyitenga ngati mapiritsi ndi zopanda pake), yomwe imawonjezera moyo nthawi zina.

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi thanzi lanu ndikuyembekeza mawa, komanso wathanzi lomwe muli nalo lero, chisangalalo chochulukirapo komanso matenda ochepa omwe mudzakhale nawo mawa.

Zowona zachilendo za insulin

M'malo ena odzikongoletsa omwe amakhala m'madzi aku South America, insulin ndi chida. Popita kwa wovutikayo, olusa oterowo amataya insulini yambiri, ndikupangitsa kuti wodwalayo akhale ndi vuto laukali komanso kumulepheretsa kukhala movomerezeka.
Pafupifupi nyama zonse, kuyambira nsomba mpaka zolengedwa, ma insulin ndi 99% chimodzimodzi.
Chifukwa cha zochitika zamakono, asayansi adatha kupeza mtundu wa insulin analogue womwe umatha kutengedwa ngati mapiritsi, kupatula jakisoni a tsiku ndi tsiku.

Momwe mungachepetse shuga

Kwa zaka zambiri osalimbana ndi ma DIABETES?

Mutu wa Bungwe: “Mudzadabwitsidwa kuti kumakhala kovuta motani kuchiritsa matenda a shuga tsiku lililonse.

Matenda a shuga ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito zida za endocrine, zomwe zimafunikira kukonza pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi motsutsana ndi kuchuluka kwake. Kuchepetsa ndi kuthandizira kwa zofunikira pamlingo wovomerezeka ndikutsimikizira moyo wabwino kwambiri kwa odwala komanso kupewa kupewa kwa zovuta za "matenda okoma". Nkhaniyi ikufotokozera momwe mungachepetse shuga wamagazi ndimankhwala, mankhwala othandizira pakudya ndi wowerengeka azitsamba.

Zizindikiro zamatsenga

Zizindikiro za glycemia wokwera amawonetsedwa motere:

ludzu losalekeza ndilo chiwonetsero choyamba komanso chowoneka bwino,
polyuria (mkodzo wambiri wambiri),
polydipsia - yodziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chilakolako chakuchepa kwa thupi,
mutu
kuyabwa pakhungu,
ziume zowuma,
Kusintha kwa zomvera
kudzimbidwa, kenako ndi kutsegula m'mimba.

Zizindikiro zasayansi zimasinthanso. Mkulu wa glucose m'magazi kuchokera chala chimakwera kuposa 5.6 mmol / L, kuchokera kumitsempha - pamwamba 6 mmol / L. Shuga wa mkodzo (glucosuria) akhoza kuwoneka.

Kodi chifukwa chiyani kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakwera?

Ma carbohydrate, makamaka, monosaccharides, amawonedwa ngati gwero lalikulu lamphamvu kwa anthu. Njira zamagetsi ndizofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe a thupi. Mukamadyedwa ndi chakudya, zakudya zamafuta zimagawika m'magawo osavuta ndipo zimatengedwa kudzera mu khoma la chimbudzi m'magazi. Dongosolo lonse loyenda magazi limalumikizana mwachindunji ndi chiwindi. Uku ndiye kuyeretsa kuchokera ku poizoni, kupititsanso kwina kwa zinthu zomwenso zimapanga shuga.

Kugawika kumachitika nthawi yonseyo, ngakhale munthu akupuma. Kuchuluka kwa glucose amalowa m'maselo (kugwiritsa ntchito insulin) kuti awonetsetse kuti ndi yofunika, yonse - kwa minofu ndi minyewa ya adipose.

Zizindikiro za shuga mthupi zimayendetsedwa ndi gawo lina la zida za endocrine (pituitary gland ndi kapamba). Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda “timayitanitsa” kapamba kuti apange timadzi tokwanira kuti tichepetse magazi mwa kuwatumiza ku maselo. Matenda opatsirana, kupsinjika, zolimbitsa thupi kumafuna kukonza kwa kuchuluka kwa insulin.

Ndi shuga, njira iyi imasokonekera. Ngati kapamba sangathe kutulutsa timadzi tambiri timene timadwala, matendawo amatengera matenda a insulin. Matenda a shuga a Type 2 (osadalira insulini) amadziwika ndi insulin yokwanira, koma maselo amthupi amasiya kuzimva, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi sikumachitikanso.

Zofunika! Hyperglycemia imatha kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda amitsempha, hepatitis, pathological.

Njira zachipatala

Mankhwala athandizira kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi. Mtundu woyamba wa "matenda okoma" umafuna insulin. Zotsatira zochizira, mankhwalawa osiyanasiyana nthawi yothandizira ndi nthawi yakuyamba kwa zotsatira amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Njira zazifupi - izi zimaphatikizapo ma ultrashort ndi ma insulin amafupikitsa. Kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika pambuyo pa mphindi 10-45 kuyambira nthawi ya mankhwala. Oimira - Actrapid, Humulin Regular, Novorapid.
Ma insulin omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali ndi mankhwala omwe zotsatira zake zimayamba kupangika maola ochepa kuchokera nthawi ya jekeseni ndipo zimatha mpaka maola 24. Gululi limaphatikizapo ma insulin apakatikati komanso achitali (Lantus, Levemir, Protofan).

Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala a mahomoni amasiyana. Zitha kupangidwa kuchokera ku zikondamoyo za ng'ombe, nkhumba kapena zimatha kukhala fanizo la insulin ya anthu. Fomu la analog limapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wina wa Escherichia coli ndikusintha zotsalira za amino acid m'mamolekyulu a mahomoni.

Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga

Pali mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amatha kutsitsa shuga. Nthawi zambiri amalembera mtundu 2 shuga. Gulu lirilonse la mankhwala amkamwa omwe cholinga chake ndi kutsika shuga wamagazi imakhudza ulalo winawake pakukonzekera matendawa.

Zothandiza kuchokera ku sulfonylureas. Kukondoweza kwa maselo otulutsa insulini kumathandizira kuchotsa hyperglycemia. Oimira - Maninil, Glyrid, Diabeteson. Mankhwala m'gululi amachepetsa hemoglobin wa glycated ndi 2%.
Biguanides. Kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi kumachitika ndikulipititsa ku ma cell ndi minyewa ya thupi. Gululi silikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matenda a impso ndi mtima, chifukwa chiopsezo chokhala ndi ketoacidosis chimawonjezeka kangapo. Metformin ithandiza kuthamangitsa shuga.
Amachokera ku Thiazolidinedione. Njira zimapangitsa chidwi cha maselo kukhala mahomoni a kapamba. Sizotheka kuti muchepetse msanga misempha ya magazi ndi mankhwalawa. Zochita zawo zimayamba masabata angapo atayamba kugwiritsa ntchito.
Meglitinides. Oimira - Starlix, Novonorm. Mankhwala amadalira mwachindunji zizindikiro za glucose. Mokulira, momwemonso mankhwalawa amalimbikitsa ntchito yopanga ma insulin-maselo.
Ndalama zophatikizika. Zinthu zamankhwala, zomwe nthawi yomweyo zimaphatikizira zingapo zomwe zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, ndizofunikira.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi

Monga lamulo, akatswiri samangokhala popereka mankhwala. Prerequisites ndichakudya chochepa cha carb, zolimbitsa thupi ndi kuchititsa kuti munthu akhale ndi chidwi cham'mbuyo.

Kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika pambuyo povuta komanso kuphunzitsidwa, popeza njirazi zimatsatiridwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi. Katundu owonjezera sakuloledwa. Ndikwabwino kukhala ndi nthawi yokwera maulendo, yoga, kusambira, kuyenda njinga.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zimaloledwa ngati shuga wambiri m'magazi a capillary sakhala apamwamba kuposa 15 mmol / L, popeza kuchuluka kovuta kumayambitsa zotsatirazi.

Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti njira yogwiritsira ntchito zolimbitsa thupi imakulitsa chidwi cha maselo ndi minofu ya thupi kupita ku insulin. Kuwonjezeka kwa kulolera kwa glucose kunadziwika kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wa 2 shuga mellitus panthawi yophunzira chaka chimodzi ndi mapulogalamu apadera. Ndi matenda amtundu 1, zochitika zokwanira zololeza kufunika kwa insulin ku magawo 20 patsiku.

Zakudya zamankhwala

Mankhwala othandizira pakudya ndi njira ina yabwino yomwe imatsitsa shuga. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira ina yopatula komanso ngati gawo limodzi la chithandizo chokwanira. Mfundo zachakudya zotere ndi izi:

kukana shuga, kugwiritsa ntchito zotsekemera,
kuchepa kwa chakudya chamafuta, kugwiritsa ntchito ma polysaccharides okhala ndi CHIKWANGWANI ndi zakudya zina,
kuletsa kwa mapuloteni achikhalidwe cha nyama, zomwe amakonda zimapatsidwa kuti zibzalidwe mapuloteni,
chakudya chambiri
Kutsatira zakudya zomwe zimawerengedwa tsiku lililonse,
kuletsa mchere ndi madzi (madzi osaposa 1.5 malita patsiku).

Mukamalemba menyu, index ya glycemic ya zinthu imatengedwa - chisonyezo chomwe chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi mutadya mbale. Pazakudya, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muphatikize zinthu zingapo zomwe zimatha kutsitsa glycemia pamlingo wamba.

Ngati shuga adakwezedwa, ma buleberries ndi kulowetsedwa kwa masamba ake kumayenera kudyedwa. Tsiku lililonse muyenera kudya mpaka magalasi awiri a zipatso. Kuti akonze kulowetsedwa kwamankhwala, supuni ya tiyi wosenda bwino imathiridwa mu kapu yamadzi otentha. Pambuyo pa theka la ola, njira yotsalazo imasefedwa ndikuledzera masana. Kuphatikiza pa zotsatira za hypoglycemic, ma buluu amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa ma binders, ma acid, mafuta ofunikira ndi mavitamini pakapangidwe.

"Wokhala" pabedi ili ndi madzi opitilira 95%, ali ndi index ya glycemic yotsika. Kusala kudya pamaziko a nkhaka kumathandiza odwala matenda ashuga (ndikulimbikitsidwa kudya masamba 1.8-2 makilogalamu patsiku).

Yerusalemu artichoke

Cinthu cacikulu pakuphatikizidwa kwa "peyala yadothi" ndi inulin. Ichi ndi polysaccharide, chomwe chikuyimira michere yazakudya. Zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani kuti apange fructose. Inulin ili ndi izi:

imagwiranso chakudya cham'mimba, kubwezeretsa microflora yamatumbo,
amachepetsa shuga
amachotsa cholesterol yambiri mthupi,
Amathandizira popanga magazi.

Yerusalemu artichoke, kutsitsa shuga, ali ndi izi komanso chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa chromium pakapangidwe. Ichi ndi chiwopsezo chachiwiri chomwe chitha kuthana ndi glycemia popanda mankhwala. Chromium imakhudza ntchito ya insulin, imachepetsa kukana kwa insulin.

Zakudya zamasamba

Kugwiritsa ntchito misuzi tsiku ndi tsiku kuchokera ku radish, kabichi, mbatata, beets, zukini ndi tomato zimakhala ndi zotsatirazi:

amachotsa hyperglycemia,
amachotsa madzimadzi m'thupi,
petroli
imabwezeretsa njira zogaya.

Chipangizo chamafuta azitsamba, chomwe sichiri chokhacho chomwa khofi, komanso mankhwala. Chicory-kutsitsa gluory imakhudzanso chimodzimodzi chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa inulin mu kapangidwe kake. Chogulitsachi chimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yamafuta glycosides, mafuta ofunikira, ma organic acids, bioflavonoids, mavitamini ndi kufufuza zinthu.

Zofunika! Zinthu zonse zomwe zili pamwambazi zimatha kudyedwa ndi kuledzera ndi mtundu wina uliwonse wa "matenda okoma". Kuphatikiza pa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, mbale zozikika zimatha kukhutitsa thupi la odwala matenda ashuga ndi zinthu zonse zofunika.

Njira za anthu

Kutha kwa hyperglycemia ndikotheka komanso wowerengeka azitsamba. Maphikidwe ogwira mtima amatsitsidwa kuchokera kumibadwo kupita ku kam'badwo. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti njirazi ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha mutakambirana ndi akatswiri azachipatala.

Sakanizani dzira la nkhuku (yaiwisi) ndi theka la kapu ya mandimu. Imwani ola limodzi musanadye katatu patsiku. Maphunzirowa ndi masiku atatu.Kubwereza chithandizo kumaloledwa pambuyo masiku 10.

Muzimutsuka mizu ya dandelion bwino, kuwaza. Thirani supuni ya supuni yagalasi ndi madzi otentha. Kupsyinjika pambuyo pa mphindi 30. Imwani vutoli masana.

Thirani maluwa a linden ndi madzi (pamtengo 1 chikho cha zopangira 1.5 malita amadzimadzi). Mukatha kuwira, chepetsani kutentha mpaka kupitirira ndipo simmer kwa mphindi 15. Zovuta. Gwiritsani ntchito m'malo momwa madzi.

Utoto wathunthu wa turmeric mu kapu yamadzi otentha. Kuumirira kwa mphindi 40. Tengani m'mawa ndi madzulo.

Madzi a Plantain (ogulidwa ku malo ogulitsa mankhwala kapena opangidwa kunyumba) tengani 2 tbsp. katatu patsiku.

Kupititsa patsogolo luso la mankhwalawa, ndikofunikira kuti muphatikize mankhwala azikhalidwe komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitsamba. Kutsika kosalekeza kwa glucose kukhala manambala wamba kumawonetsa zotsatira zabwino zamankhwala.

Matenda a shuga a insulini

Kusintha kwa moyo, aliyense wodwala matenda a shuga ayenera kudalira payekha kuchuluka kwa insulin tsiku lililonse, osagwiritsa ntchito udindo uwu kwa madotolo omwe mwina sangakhalepo nthawi zonse. Mukazindikira njira zopangira insulin, muthanso kupewa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito matendawa.

Malamulo owerengera
Mlingo wa insulin umafunika pa 1 mkate uti
Momwe mungasankhire mlingo wa insulin mu syringe?
Momwe mungayendetsere insulin: malamulo apadera
Insulin yowonjezera ndi mlingo wake (kanema)

Malamulo owerengera

Lamulo lofunikira mu algorithm yowerengetsera kuchuluka kwa insulini ndikofunikira kwa wodwalayo kuposa gawo limodzi la 1 la mahoni pa kilogalamu imodzi ya kulemera. Mukanyalanyaza lamuloli, kudzakhala ndi insulin yambiri, yomwe ingayambitse vuto lalikulu - kukomoka kwa hypoglycemic. Koma posankha ndendende mlingo wa insulin, ndikofunikira kuganizira kuchuluka kwa kubwezeretsedwa kwa matendawa:

Mu magawo oyamba a matenda amtundu 1, muyezo wa insulin mumasankhidwa malingana ndi 0,5 ya mahomoni pa kilogalamu yolemera.
Ngati mtundu 1 wa shuga umakhala wolipiridwa bwino pachaka, ndiye kuti inshuwaransi yokwanira imakhala magawo 0,6 a timadzi ta kilogalamu imodzi ya kulemera kwa thupi.
Mu mtundu woyamba wa shuga 1 komanso kusinthasintha kosalekeza m'magazi am'magazi, mpaka magawo 0,7 a mahomoni pa kilogalamu imodzi ya kulemera amafunikira.
Pankhani ya shuga wowola, muyezo wa insulin udzakhala magawo 0.8 / kg,
Ndi gestational shuga mellitus - 1.0 PIECES / kg.

Chifukwa chake, kuwerengetsa kwa kuchuluka kwa insulin kumachitika molingana ndi algorithm: Mlingo wa insulin wa tsiku ndi tsiku (U) * Chiwerengero chonse cha thupi / 2.

Mwachitsanzo: Ngati mlingo wa insulin wa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi magawo 0,5, ndiye kuti uyenera kuchulukitsidwa ndi kulemera kwa thupi, mwachitsanzo 70 kg. 0.5 * 70 = 35. Chiwerengero chotsatirachi 35 chikuyenera kugawidwa ndi 2. Zotsatira zake ndi chiwerengero cha 17.5, chomwe chizikhala chozunguliridwa, ndiye kuti, pezani 17. Iwo akutanthauza kuti mlingo wa m'mawa wa insulin ukhale magawo 10, ndipo madzulo - 7.

Mlingo wa insulin umafunika pa 1 mkate uti

Gulu la mkate ndi lingaliro lomwe lakhazikitsidwa kuti lipange zosavuta kuwerengera mlingo wa insulin musanadye chakudya. Pano, powerengera magawo a mkate, sizinthu zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya zomwe zimatengedwa, koma "zowerengedwa" zokha:

mbatata, beets, kaloti,
mankhwala a chimanga
zipatso zokoma
maswiti.

Ku Russia, mkate umodzi umafanana ndi magalamu 10 a chakudya. Gulu limodzi la mkate limafanana ndi kagawo ka mkate woyera, apulo wina wamkulu, masipuni awiri a shuga. Ngati gawo limodzi la mkate likalowa m'thupi lomwe silitha kudzipangira payokha, ndiye kuti glycemia imakulirakulira kuchokera 1.6 mpaka 2.2 mmol / l. Ndiye kuti, izi ndizomwe zisonyezero zomwe glycemia imatsika ngati gawo limodzi la insulin lipangidwe.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti pachakudya chilichonse chokhala ndi mkate, chimayenera kukhazikitsa gawo limodzi la insulin. Chifukwa chake, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti onse odwala matenda ashuga azitha kupeza patebulo la chakudya kuti awerenge molondola kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, jekeseni iliyonse isanachitike, ndikofunikira kuwongolera glycemia, ndiye kuti, pezani kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi glucometer.

Ngati wodwalayo ali ndi hyperglycemia, ndiye kuti, shuga wambiri, muyenera kuwonjezera kuchuluka koyenera kwamagulu a mahomoni ku chiwerengero choyenera cha magawo a mkate. Ndi hypoglycemia, mlingo wa mahomoni umacheperachepera.

Mwachitsanzo: Ngati munthu wodwala matenda ashuga ali ndi shuga 7 mmol / l ola limodzi asanadye chakudya ndipo akufuna kudya 5 XE, ayenera kuyang'anira gawo limodzi la insulin yochepa. Kenako shuga woyamba wamagazi amachepa kuchoka pa 7 mmol / L mpaka 5 mmol / L. Komabe, kuti mumalize mkate wa magawo asanu, muyenera kulowa magawo asanu a mahomoni, mlingo wonse wa insulin ndi magawo 6.

Momwe mungasankhire mlingo wa insulin mu syringe?

Kuti mudzaze syringe yokhazikika ndi voliyumu ya 1.0-2.0 ml ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa, muyenera kuwerengera mtengo wogawa wa syringe. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani kuchuluka kwa magawo 1 ml a chida. Hormone yomwe imapangidwa mkati imagulitsidwa mumbale za 5.0 ml. 1 ml ndi 40 magawo a mahomoni. Magawo 40 a mahomoni amayenera kugawidwa ndi nambala yomwe idzapezeke powerengera magawo 1 ml a chipangizocho.

Chitsanzo: Mu 1 ml ya syringe magawo 10. 40:10 = 4 mayunitsi. Ndiye kuti, mgawo limodzi la syringe, zigawo 4 za insulin zimayikidwa. Mlingo wa insulini kuti uthandizidwe uyenera kugawidwa ndi mtengo wa gawo limodzi, kotero mumalandira kuchuluka kwa gawo la syringe lomwe liyenera kudzazidwa ndi insulin.

Pochizira mafupa, owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito DiabeNot bwino. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Palinso ma syringe omwe amakhala ndi chubu yapadera yodzaza ndi mahomoni. Pakukanikiza kapena kutembenuza batani la syringe, insulin imabayidwa pang'onopang'ono. Mpaka nthawi ya jakisoni mu syringes, muyeso wofunikira uyenera kukhazikitsidwa, womwe udzalowe m'thupi la wodwalayo.

Momwe mungayendetsere insulin: malamulo apadera

Makulidwe a insulini amapezeka molingana ndi algorithm wotsatira (pamene kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kwawerengedwa kale):

Manja azikhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, valani magolovesi azachipatala.
Pukutirani botolo la mankhwalawo m'manja mwanu kuti lisakanikidwe, gwiritsani ntchito kapu ndi nkhumba.
Mu syringe, jambulani mpweya mu kuchuluka kwa momwe ma hormone adzagwiritsidwire ntchito.
Ikani vial ndi mankhwalawo molunjika patebulo, chotsani kapu ku singano ndikuyiyika mu vial kudzera pa cork.
Kanikizirani syringe kuti mpweya kuchokera mkati mwake ulowe.
Sinthani botolo moyang'anitsitsa ndikuyika syringe 2-4 zambiri kuposa zomwe ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa thupi.
Chotsani singano mu vial, imasulani mpweya ku syringe, ndikusintha mlingo kuti ukhale wofunikira.
Malo omwe jakisoni idzachitikire amayesedwa kawiri ndi chidutswa cha ubweya wa thonje ndi antiseptic.
Yambitsani insulin mosakakamiza (ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni, jakisoni umachitika intramuscularly).
Chiritsani tsamba la jakisoni ndi zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuthira mwachangu kwa mahomoni (ngati jakisoni ndiwofatsa), jekeseni wam'mimba ndikulimbikitsidwa. Ngati jakisoni wapangidwa ntchafu, ndiye kuti kuyamwa kumakhala pang'onopang'ono komanso kosakwanira. Jekeseni m'matako, phewa limakhala ndi mayeso ambiri.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musinthe malo a jekeseni molingana ndi algorithm: m'mawa - m'mimba, masana - m'mapewa, madzulo - m'chafu.

Mutha kudziwa zambiri za njira yoyendetsera insulin apa: http://diabet.biz/lechenie/tradicionnaya/insulin/tehnika-vvedenija-insulina.html.

Insulin yowonjezera ndi mlingo wake (kanema)

Insulin yotalikilapo imaperekedwa kwa odwala kuti akhale ndi shuga othamanga wamagazi, kotero kuti chiwindi chikhale ndi mphamvu yopanga glucose mosalekeza (ndipo izi ndizofunikira kuti ubongo uzigwira ntchito), chifukwa mu shuga mellitus thupi silingachite izi zokha.

Insulin yayitali imayendetsedwa kamodzi pa maola 12 kapena 24 kutengera mtundu wa insulini (masiku ano mitundu iwiri ya insulini imagwiritsidwa ntchito - Levemir ndi Lantus). Momwe mungawerengere molondola kuchuluka kwa insulin yayitali, akutero katswiri wodziletsa matenda ashuga mu kanema:

Kutha kuwerengera moyenera mlingo wa insulin ndi luso lomwe munthu aliyense wodwala matenda a shuga ayenera kudziwa. Mukasankha mtundu wa insulin yolakwika, ndiye kuti bongo umatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso, womwe ungathandizike ngati munthu atathandizidwadi. Mlingo woyenera wa insulin ndi chinsinsi cha kukhala ndi matenda ashuga.

Chifukwa chiyani odwala matenda ashuga ali ndi mabala ochiritsa bwino khungu?

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kusamala kuti asawononge khungu, makamaka pamapazi awo. Izi ndichifukwa chakuchiritsidwa kwam bala lambiri, komwe ndi khalidwe la matenda.

Mabala owonda ndiwopseza kwambiri m'matenda a shuga: njira yochiritsira ndi yayitali komanso yovuta kuchiza.

Izi ndichifukwa choti chitetezo cham'magazi chitha kuchepa, ndipo thupi silingalimbane ndi zotupa ndikupukuta pakhungu. Poyamba, chilondacho chimayamba kuchira, kenako nkupunduka, nthenda imalowa, ndipo imayamba kukula.

Njira yochira imalephereka ndikutupa kwamiyendo, pafupipafupi ndi matendawa. Kuphatikiza apo, chilonda chopezeka kwina sichitha kuyenda, koma ndi miyendo ndizovuta kwambiri.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi nthawi yayitali, komwe kumakhudza kwambiri thupi lonse, komanso chikhalidwe chamatumba ang'onoang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonjezeke.

Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa kayendedwe ka magazi (makamaka m'munsi) komanso kuwoneka kwa mavuto pakupezeka kwa michere pakhungu la khungu.

Ndi njirazi ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabala asawonekere kwa nthawi yayitali. Ngati simuyamba kulandira chithandizo chanthawi yake, zimakhala zotheka kusandutsa mabala m'miyendo kukhala chikhazikitso cha kutupa kosafunikira kwakanthawi.

Zilonda zomwe zakhazikitsidwa zimatha kubweretsa gangore ndi kudula kwam'tsogolo, komanso zovuta monga osteomyelitis ndi phlegmon.

Zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mathero a mitsempha, zomwe zimayambitsa kuphwanya kwamphamvu kwa khungu, makamaka pamiyendo. Mitsempha yam'mimba yomwe imagwira ntchito pakhungu limawonongeka, chifukwa imayamba kuuma ndikuchiritsa bwino. Khungu limasweka nthawi zambiri, ndikupereka matenda mosavuta kulowa mthupi kudzera muming'alu.

Munthu amatha kuvulaza mwendo wake mwangozi komanso osazindikiranso popanda kupweteketsa zilonda munthawi yake (mwachitsanzo, kudzipaka chimanga kapena kudzivulaza poyenda osavala nsapato). Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndikuphwanya kukhudzika kwa kupweteka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha mathero.

Ndikupezeka kuti wodwala matenda ashuga sawona mavuto a miyendo yake, popeza samamva kukomoka chifukwa cha kukhumudwa, samawona chilondacho chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe ndipo sangathe kuchipima chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri, komwe kumakhala kofala kwambiri ndi matendawa.

Ngati chilondacho sichichiritsa m'masiku ochepa, chimatha kusintha kukhala chilonda. Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, matenda ammimba a shuga amakhala ndi vuto, ndiye kuti, mabala amiyendo osachiritsa.

Kodi kuchitira?

Munthu aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa khungu lake ndi kupita kwa dokotala ngati pali vuto lina lililonse, chifukwa ndizovuta kwambiri kuchiza bala lomwe lili ndi kachilomboka.

Kuchiritsa khungu mwachangu kumathandizira kuti mukhale ndi zakudya zoyenera, zomwe zimakhala ndi mavitamini okwanira.

Madokotala amalimbikitsa kuti munthawi yamankhwala othandizira mabala amaphatikizapo zinthu zotsatirazi muzakudya zamasiku onse: nsomba, nyama, chiwindi, mtedza, mazira, oatmeal, komanso zipatso ndi masamba.

Mabala aliwonse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi antiseptic.

Ngati wodwalayo ali ndi malungo, malo ovulalawo ndi opsinjika, otupa komanso ofiira, chilondacho chikuwonekera ndipo sachira, mafuta onunkhira omwe ali ndi maantibayotiki akuyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku mankhwalawo, omwe nthawi yomweyo amatulutsa chinyezi kuchokera mabala (Levomekol, Levosin ndi ena).

Njira yothandizira maantibayotiki ndi mavitamini nthawi zambiri imayikidwa (magulu B ndi C). Kupititsa patsogolo zakudya zama khungu pakubwezeretsa minofu, mafuta a methyluracil ndi mafuta a solcoseryl, komanso mafuta opangira mafuta (Trofodermin) amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Pazida ndi epithelization (kuchuluka) kwa bala, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale zotheka. Zimafunikira kutsukidwa kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, minofu yakufa ndi matupi akunja. Hydrogen peroxide ndi iodophors zitha kumangochiritsa.

Njira yabwino yoyeretsera ndikutsuka mabala ndi msuzi wosavuta wosabala. Kugwiritsa ntchito malo osamba okhala ndi madzi oyenda mwa iwo kungalimbikitsidwe kwa odwala ena omwe ali ndi zilonda pamiyendo.

Ngati njira zomwe zili pamwambazi sizipereka zotsatira zomwe zikuyembekezeka, kuchotsedwa kwa necrosis ndi njira yokhayo yomwe ingakhale njira yokhayo yoyeretsera mabala omwe amachiritsa kale.

Kuchiza ndi wowerengeka azitsamba

Pochiza kuvulala kwa wodwala matenda ashuga, mankhwala azikhalidwe angakuthandizeni.

Masamba a celandine. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito zatsopano, koma zouma ndizoyeneranso, pokhapokha ziyenera kukhala zofunikira. Masamba amafunika kumangidwa chifukwa cha bala kapena chilonda.

Mizu ya burdock ndi celandine. Muyenera kuphatikiza mizu ya celandine (20 gramu), burdock (30 gramu) ndi mafuta a mpendadzuwa (ma milliliters 100). Wiritsani kwa mphindi 15 pa moto wochepa ndi kupsinjika. Zilonda zamafuta omwe samachira bwino kwa sabata limodzi ndi katatu patsiku.

Mwatsopano nkhaka msuzi. Madzi a nkhaka ali ndi mphamvu yoyeserera kwambiri. Amayenera kuthira mabala a purulent, ndikupanganso ma compress kwa iwo kwa maola angapo. Vutoli likatsukidwa ndi madzi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe dokotala wakupatsani.

Kupewa

Monga prophylaxis ndi chithandizo cha matenda am'mimba a shuga ndi angiopathies, mankhwala a antioxidant, monga Glucberry, nthawi zambiri amatengedwa. Cholinga chakugwiritsa ntchito kwawo ndikupewa kuwonongeka m'mitsempha yamagazi, kukonza ndikusintha momwe misempha ilili.

Popewa kuwoneka ngati mabala ndi zilonda zosachiritsa, muyenera kutsatira malamulowo:

Musamayende opanda nsapato ndikuyang'anirani nsapato mosamala nsapato.
Unikani miyendo yanu tsiku ndi tsiku kuti muwone kuvulala kulikonse.
Sambani mapazi tsiku lililonse pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osapukuta.
Siyani kusuta, chifukwa chikonga chimasokoneza magazi, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti maselo azisintha komanso kuchiritsa mabala a puroma.
Samalani mosamala mukamagwiritsa ntchito poyatsira moto, radiator kapena potenthetsera moto kuti musadzipse moto.
Nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kutentha nsapato zanu ndikukhala mumsewu osaposa mphindi 20.
M'nyengo yotentha, musamagwiritse nsapato ndi zothina pakati pazala zam'manja.
Valani nsapato zingapo, nizisintha.
Osachotsa chimanga, njerewere ndi chimanga pachakhungu panu.
Gwiritsani ntchito nsapato ndi nsalu zapamwamba zokha zomwe sizimangiriza khungu ndi msoko wosakoka ndi zingwe zotanuka.

Sikoyenera kusamba kapena kusamba kwanthawi yayitali, chifukwa mothandizidwa ndi madzi khungu limamasuka ndikutupa, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chovulala.

Simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito Vaselini ndi zinthu zilizonse zochokera pamafuta amchere kuti muchepetse khungu, popeza sizimakola khungu.

Ngati khungu lumauma kwambiri, muyenera kufunsa dokotala yemwe akupatseni mankhwala a hypotonic popanda ma beta-blockers omwe amasokoneza ntchito yapakhungu.

Chilichonse, ngakhale mabala ang'ono kwambiri pakhungu amayenera kuthandizidwa. Njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli ndi kukaonana ndi katswiri yemwe amayezetsa bwino za nkhaniyi ndikupereka chithandizo chokwanira.

Kodi insulin imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Insulin ndi njira yotulutsira shuga - mafuta - kuchokera m'magazi kupita m'maselo. Insulin imayambitsa "ma glucose" omwe amayendetsa maselo. Awa ndimapuloteni apadera omwe amasunthira mkati kuchokera mkati kupita kukapangidwe kenakake kolowera kwa maselo, ndikugwira ma mamolekyulu a glucose, kenaka amawasamutsira "mphamvu" zamkati kuti ziwotche.

Insulin pa matenda a mtundu 1 ndi matenda ashuga 2:

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga ndi insulin: yambani apa. Mitundu ya insulin ndi malamulo ake kuti isungidwe.
Insulin yamtundu wanji kuti mupeze jakisoni, munthawi yanji komanso mulingo uti. Njira za matenda ashuga amtundu 1 ndi matenda amitundu iwiri.
Njira yothandizira ma insulin. Momwe mungapereke jakisoni popanda kupweteka.
Ma insulin, ma syringe zolembera ndi singano kwa iwo. Ndi ma syringe omwe ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito.
Lantus ndi Levemir - omwe akukhala insulin. Sinthani shuga m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu
Kuwerengera kwa insulin yofulumira musanadye
Ultrashort insulin Humalog, NovoRapid ndi Apidra. Insulin yochepa yaumunthu
Momwe mungapangire insulin kuti mupeze molondola Mlingo wotsika
Chithandizo cha mwana wa matenda a shuga 1 amachepetsa insulin Humalog
Pampu ya insulini: zabwino ndi zowopsa. Chithandizo cha insulin

Glucose amalowa m'maselo a chiwindi ndi minofu motsogozedwa ndi insulin, monga zimakhala zina zonse za thupi, kupatula ubongo. Koma pamalopo sichinawotchedwe nthawi yomweyo, koma chimasungidwa m'malo momwemo glycogen. Izi ndi zinthu ngati wowuma. Ngati palibe insulini, ndiye kuti omwe amayendetsa glucose amagwira ntchito molakwika, ndipo maselo sawatenga mokwanira kuti azigwira ntchito zofunika. Izi zimagwira minyewa yonse kupatula ubongo, womwe umadya shuga popanda kutenga insulin.

Chochita china cha insulin mthupi ndichoti mchikakamizo chake, maselo amafuta amatenga shuga m'magazi ndikusintha kukhala mafuta odzadza, omwe amadzisonkhanitsa. Insulin ndiye mahomoni akuluakulu omwe amalimbikitsa kunenepa kwambiri komanso kupewa kunenepa. Kusintha kwa glucose kukhala mafuta ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe shuga ya magazi motsogozedwa ndi insulin imachepa.

Kodi gluconeogenesis ndi chiyani

Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatsika kwenikweni ndikusungidwa kwa ma carbohydrate (glycogen) atatha kale, ndiye kuti m'maselo a chiwindi, impso ndi matumbo, njira yosinthira mapuloteniwa kukhala shuga. Njirayi imatchedwa "gluconeogeneis", imachedwa kwambiri komanso siyothandiza. Nthawi yomweyo, thupi la munthu silingathe kutembenuza glucose kukhala mapuloteni. Komanso, sitikudziwa momwe angasinthire mafuta kukhala glucose.

Mwa anthu athanzi labwino, ndipo ngakhale odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, kapamba amene amakhala mu "kusala" nthawi zonse amapanga insulin. Chifukwa chake, insulin yaying'ono imakhalapo mthupi lonse. Izi zimatchedwa "basal," kutanthauza "chikhazikitso" cha insulin m'mwazi. Zimayimira chiwindi, impso komanso matumbo kuti mapuloteni sayenera kusinthidwa kukhala glucose kuti achulukitse shuga. Kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi "zoletsa" gluconeogeneis, ndiko kuti, kumalepheretsa.

Miyezo ya shuga yamagazi - yovomerezeka komanso yeniyeni

Mwa anthu athanzi lopanda matenda a shuga, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kosamalidwa bwino kwambiri - kuyambira 3.9 mpaka 5.3 mmol / L. Ngati mumayesa magazi nthawi iliyonse, mosasamala zakudya, mwa munthu wathanzi, ndiye kuti magazi ake adzakhala pafupifupi 4,7 mmol / L. Tiyenera kulimbana ndi chiwerengerochi mu matenda ashuga, i.e., shuga wamagazi tikatha kudya siapamwamba kuposa 5.3 mmol / L.

Magazi a pachikhalidwe cha shuga ndi okwera kwambiri. Amatsogolera pakupanga zovuta za matenda ashuga mkati mwa zaka 10-20. Ngakhale mwa anthu athanzi, chakudya chikadzaza ndi chakudya chamafuta ambiri, shuga m'magazi amatha kudumphira mpaka 8-9 mmol / l. Koma ngati palibe shuga, ndiye kuti mukatha kudya imayamba kuzimiririka patangopita mphindi zochepa, ndipo simuyenera kuchita chilichonse chifukwa chake. Mu matenda ashuga, "nthabwala" ndi thupi, kumudyetsa wamafuta owonjezera, sizili bwino.

M'mabuku a sayansi azachipatala komanso otchuka pa matenda ashuga, 3.3-6.6 mmol / L komanso mpaka 7.8 mmol / L amadziwika kuti ndi shuga. Mwa anthu athanzi lopanda matenda a shuga, shuga wamagazi samadumphira mpaka 7.8 mmol / L, pokhapokha mutadya chakudya chochuluka, kenako mumikhalidwe yotere imatsika mofulumira kwambiri. Miyezo yachipatala ya shuga ya magazi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonetsetsa kuti dokotala “wapakati” samakhala wovuta kwambiri pakuzindikira komanso pochiza matenda ashuga.

Ngati wodwala m'magazi atadya amadumphira 7.8 mmol / l, ndiye kuti izi sizitchulidwa kuti ndi shuga. Mwambiri, wodwala wotereyu amatumizidwa kunyumba osalandira chithandizo chilichonse, ndikuwachenjeza motsimikiza kuti ayese kuchepa thupi pazakudya zochepa zopatsa mphamvu ndikudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi, ndikudya zipatso zambiri. Komabe, zovuta za matenda a shuga zimayamba ngakhale mwa anthu omwe shuga yawo itatha kudya sapitirira 6.6 mmol / L. Inde, izi sizichitika mwachangu kwambiri. Koma mkati mwa zaka 10 - 20, ndizotheka kupeza zovuta za impso kapena mavuto amawonedwe. Kuti mumve zambiri, onaninso “Magazi a shuga”.

Kodi magazi a shuga amawongoleredwa bwanji mwa munthu wathanzi

Tiyeni tiwone momwe insulin imalamulira shuga m'magazi mwa munthu wathanzi popanda matenda a shuga. Tiyerekeze kuti munthuyu wadya chakudya cham'mawa, ndipo pakudya m'mawa adasenda mbatata ndi chidule - chisakanizo cha chakudya chokhala ndi mapuloteni. Usiku wonse, kuzungulira kwa insulin m'magazi ake kunalepheretsa gluconeogeneis (werengani pamwambapa, zomwe zikutanthauza) ndikukhalabe ndi ndende yambiri ya shuga m'magazi.

Chakudya chokhala ndi chakudya chamagulu ambiri chikalowa mkamwa, ma michere am'mimba nthawi yomweyo amayamba kuwola chakudya "zovuta" m'magulu a glucose osavuta, ndipo glucoseyo nthawi yomweyo amatengeka ndi nembanemba. Kuchokera ku chakudya chamagulu, shuga wamagazi amatuluka nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale munthu sanathebe kumeza chilichonse! Ichi ndi chizindikiro kwa kapamba kuti ndi nthawi yofunika kuponyera mwachangu kuchuluka kwa mafuta a insulin m'magazi. Gululi lamphamvu kwambiri la insulin lidapangidwa kale ndikusungidwa kuti muigwiritse ntchito mukafunikira "kuphimba" kulumpha mu shuga mutatha kudya, kuphatikiza insulin yomwe ili m'magazi.

Kutulutsa mosalekeza kwa insulin m'magazi kumatchedwa "gawo loyamba la mayankho a insulin." Amachepetsa mwachangu kulumikizidwa koyambirira m'magazi a shuga, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha chakudya chamafuta, ndipo amatha kupewa kuwonjezereka. Mafuta a insulin osungidwa mu kapamba amatha. Ngati ndi kotheka, imapanga insulin yowonjezera, koma zimatenga nthawi. Insulin, yomwe imalowa m'magazi pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, imatchedwa "gawo lachiwiri la kuyankha kwa insulin." Insulin iyi imathandizira kuyamwa glucose, yomwe idachitika pambuyo pake, patatha maola ochepa, mukugaya zakudya zama protein.

Pamene chakudyacho chikugayidwa, glucose akupitilizabe kulowa m'magazi, ndipo kapamba amapanga insulini ina kuti "iwapangitse". Gawo la shuga limasinthidwa kukhala glycogen, chinthu chosakhazikika chomwe chimasungidwa m'maselo am'misempha ndi chiwindi. Pakapita kanthawi, "zotengera" zonse zosungira glycogen zidzaza. Ngati pali shuga wambiri m'magazi, ndiye kuti mothandizidwa ndi insulini amasintha kukhala mafuta, omwe amawaika m'maselo a adipose minofu.

Pambuyo pake, misempha ya shuga ya ngwazi yathu imatha kutsika. Pankhaniyi, maselo a pancreatic alpha adzayamba kupanga mahomoni ena - glucagon. Zili ngati wotsutsana ndi insulin ndipo amalembera ma cell a minofu ndi chiwindi kuti ndikofunikira kutembenuza glycogen kukhala glucose. Mothandizidwa ndi glucoseyu, shuga wamagazi amatha kukhalabe wabwinobwino. Pachakudya chotsatira, masitolo a glycogen adzabwezedwanso.

Makina ofotokozedwa a glucose omwe amatengedwa ndi insulin amagwira ntchito kwambiri mwa anthu athanzi, kuthandiza kukhalabe ndi shuga wamagazi mokhazikika - kuyambira 3.9 mpaka 5.3 mmol / L. Maselo amalandira glucose wokwanira kuti agwire ntchito zawo, ndipo chilichonse chimagwira monga momwe amafunira. Tiyeni tiwone chifukwa chake ndikuchita izi kwaphwanya mtundu 1 komanso matenda a shuga.

Zomwe zimachitika ndi matenda a shuga 1

Tiyerekeze kuti m'malo mwa ngwazi yathu munthu amakhala ndi matenda a shuga 1. Tiyerekeze, usiku asanagone, adalandira jakisoni wa insulin "yowonjezera" ndipo chifukwa cha izi adadzuka ndi shuga wabwinobwino wamagazi. Koma ngati simukuchitapo kanthu, ndiye kuti patapita kanthawi shuga wamagazi ake ayamba kukwera, ngakhale osadya chilichonse. Izi ndichifukwa choti chiwindi nthawi zonse chimatenga insulini yaying'ono kuchokera m'magazi ndikuwaphwanya. Nthawi yomweyo, pazifukwa zina, m'maola, chiwindi "chimagwiritsa ntchito" kwambiri insulin.

Insulin yayitali, yomwe idabayira madzulo, imatulutsidwa bwino komanso osasunthika. Koma kutulutsa kwake sikokwanira kungophimba chiwindi chakudya ”kwa chiwindi. Chifukwa cha izi, shuga wamagazi amatha kuchuluka m'mawa, ngakhale munthu amene ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 asadye chilichonse. Izi zimatchedwa "chodabwitsa cha m'bandakucha." Zikondamoyo za munthu wathanzi zimatulutsa insulin yokwanira kuti izi zisakhudze shuga. Koma ndi matenda amtundu woyamba, chisamaliro chikuyenera kuchitika kuti "chisasinthe". Werengani apa momwe mungachitire.

Malovu amtundu wa anthu ali ndi ma enzymes amphamvu omwe amaphwanya chakudya chambiri chamagalasi kuti azikhala ndi glucose, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amalowetsa m'magazi. Mwa odwala matenda ashuga, zochitika za ma enzymes amenewa ndizofanana ndi munthu wathanzi. Chifukwa chake, zakudya zamafuta zimapangitsa kulumpha lakuthwa mu shuga. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, maselo a pancreatic beta amapanga insulin yochepa kapena samayipanga konse. Chifukwa chake, palibe insulin yopanga gawo loyamba la yankho la insulin.

Ngati panalibe jakisoni wa insulin "yifupi" musanadye, ndiye kuti shuga yamagazi imakwera kwambiri. Glucose sadzasinthidwa kukhala glycogen kapena mafuta. Mapeto ake, gululo limatha kusefukira ndi impso ndikuthira mkodzo. Mpaka izi zitheke, shuga okwera kwambiri amawononga kwambiri ziwalo zonse ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Nthawi yomweyo, maselo amapitilira "kufa ndi njala" osalandira zakudya. Chifukwa chake, popanda jakisoni wa insulin, wodwala wokhala ndi matenda a 1 amwalira m'masiku ochepa kapena milungu ingapo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino matenda a shuga 1:

Mtundu woyamba wa chithandizo cha matenda a shuga kwa akulu ndi ana
Nthawi ya tchuthi ndi momwe mungakulitsire
Njira ya jakisoni wopweteka wa insulin
Matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa mwana amathandizidwa popanda insulin pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya zoyenera. Mafunso ndi banja.
Momwe mungachepetse kuwonongeka kwa impso

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa insulin

Kodi zakudya zama shuga a carb otsika ndiziti? Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kusankha pazomwe mukugulitsa? Bwanji osangolowa jakisoni wokwanira kuti akhale ndi zonse zokwanira zophatikiza ndi mafuta onse omwe amadya? Chifukwa majakisoni a insulin "amaphimba bwino" kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi omwe zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zimapangika.

Tiyeni tiwone zovuta zomwe zimapezeka kawirikawiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu 1 komanso momwe angawongolere matendawa moyenera kupewa zovuta. Ichi ndi chidziwitso chofunikira! Masiku ano, "ndizopezedwa ku America" kwa ma endocrinologists apabanja, makamaka, kwa odwala matenda a shuga. Popanda kudziona wabodza, ndinu mwayi kwambiri kuti mudafika patsamba lathu.

Insulin yolowetsedwa ndi syringe, kapena ngakhale ndi pampu ya insulin, sigwira ntchito ngati insulin, yomwe nthawi zambiri imapanga kapamba. Insulin ya anthu mu gawo loyambirira la mayankho a insulin nthawi yomweyo imalowa m'magazi ndipo nthawi yomweyo imayamba kutsika shuga. Mu matenda a shuga, jakisoni wa insulin nthawi zambiri amachitika mu mafuta osunthika. Odwala ena omwe amakonda chiopsezo komanso kusangalala amakhala ndi jakisoni wa insulin (musachite izi!). Mulimonsemo, palibe amene amavulala ndi insulin kudzera m'mitsempha.

Zotsatira zake, ngakhale insulin yothamanga kwambiri imayamba kugwira ntchito pambuyo pa mphindi 20. Ndipo mphamvu zake zonse zimawonekera mkati mwa maola 1-2. Izi zisanachitike, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhalabe kokwezeka kwambiri. Mutha kutsimikizira izi mosavuta mwakuyeza shuga m'magazi anu pakatha mphindi 15 mutatha kudya. Izi zimawononga mitsempha, mitsempha yamagazi, maso, impso, ndi zina. Matenda a shuga amakula, ngakhale zolinga zabwino za dotolo ndi wodwala.

Zomwe chithandizo chodziwika bwino cha matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa insulin sichili bwino, chikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane "" Insulin ndi carbohydrate: chowonadi chomwe muyenera kudziwa. " Ngati mumatsatira zakudya “zachikhalidwe” zomwe zili ndi matenda amtundu woyamba, kutha komaliza - kumwalira kapena kulumala - ndikosapeweka, ndipo kumadza mwachangu kwambiri kuposa momwe timafunira. Tikugogomezeranso kuti ngakhale mutasinthira kukapopera insulin, sikungathandize. Chifukwa amathandiziranso insulin m'matumba a subcutaneous.

Zoyenera kuchita? Yankho ndikusinthira ku chakudya chamafuta ochepa kuti muchepetse matenda a shuga. Pazakudya izi, thupi limasintha pang'ono mapuloteni azakudya kukhala glucose, motero, shuga wamagazi amawonjezerabe. Koma zimachitika pang'onopang'ono, ndipo jakisoni wa insulin amakulolani "kuphimba" kuwonjezeka. Zotsatira zake, zitha kuchitika kuti mutatha kudya ndi wodwala matenda ashuga, shuga wamagazi nthawi iliyonse sidzapitirira 5.3 mmol / l, i.e., zidzakhala mwamtheradi ngati mwa anthu athanzi.

Zakudya Zochepa Zopatsa Thupi Za Matenda A shuga Aakulu

Zakudya zocheperako zomwe wodwala matenda ashuga amadya, amakhala ndi insulin yochepa yomwe angafune. Pazakudya zamafuta ochepa, mapiritsi a insulin nthawi yomweyo amagwa kangapo. Ndipo izi zili choncho ngakhale poti kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin musanadye, timaganizira kuchuluka kwa zomwe zingafunikire kuphimba mapuloteni omwe adyedwa. Ngakhale mankhwalawa amathandizira odwala matenda ashuga, mapuloteni sawaganizira konse.

Insulin yocheperako yomwe mumafunikira jakisoni, imachepetsa mwayi wamavuto otsatirawa:

hypoglycemia - shuga wotsika kwambiri,
kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi ndi kutupa,
Kukula kwa insulin kukana.

Ingoganizirani kuti ngwazi yathu, wodwala matenda amtundu 1, asintha kudya zakudya zamafuta ochepa kuchokera mndandanda wololedwa. Zotsatira zake, shuga wamagazi ake sadzadumpha konse, monga momwe anali m'mbuyomu, pomwe adadya zakudya zabwino zamagulu ambiri. Gluconeogenesis ndikusintha kwa mapuloteni kukhala glucose. Njirayi imawonjezera shuga m'magazi, koma pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'ono, ndipo ndizosavuta "kuphimba" ndi jekeseni wa insulin yaying'ono musanadye.

Pazakudya zotsika pang'ono zamagulu a shuga, jakisoni wa insulin musanadye chakudya chitha kuwoneka ngati kutsata kwachigawo chachiwiri cha kuyankha kwa insulin, ndipo izi ndizokwanira kukhala ndi shuga wokhazikika wamagazi. Tikukumbukiranso kuti mafuta azakudya sakhudzana mwachindunji ndi magazi. Ndipo mafuta achilengedwe siowopsa, koma opindulitsa mtima. Amachulukitsa cholesterol yamagazi, koma cholesterol "yabwino" yokha, yomwe imateteza ku vuto la mtima. Izi zitha kupezeka munkhani ya "Mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya chamagulu a shuga."

Momwe thupi lamunthu yemwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 amagwira

Ngwazi yathu yotsatira, wodwala matenda a shuga a 2, amalemera makilogalamu 112 pamlingo wa 78 kg. Mafuta ochulukirapo amakhala pamimba pake ndi m'chiuno mwake. Zikondwerero zake ndikupangabe insulin. Koma popeza kunenepa kwambiri kunayambitsa kukana kwamphamvu kwa insulini (kuchepa kwa minofu kumverera kwa insulin), insulin iyi siyokwanira kungokhala ndi shuga wabwinobwino.

Wodwala akachita bwino kuti achepetse thupi, ndiye kuti kukana insulini kudzadutsa ndipo shuga m'magaziwo amatha kusintha kotero kuti matenda a shuga athe. Komabe, ngati ngwazi yathu isintha mwachangu moyo wake, ndiye kuti ma cell a beta a kapamba wake "adzatentha" kwathunthu, ndipo atenga matenda amtundu woyamba wa shuga osasintha. Zowona, ndi anthu ochepa omwe amakhala ndi izi - nthawi zambiri odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2 amapha kugunda kwa mtima, kulephera kwa impso, kapena zilonda m'miyendo.

Kukana kwa insulini kumayambitsidwa chifukwa cha majini, koma makamaka chifukwa cha njira yovuta. Ntchito yolimbitsa thupi komanso kudya zakudya zamagulu ambiri zimayambitsa kudzikundikira kwa minofu ya adipose. Ndipo mafuta ochulukirapo m'thupi omwe amalumikizidwa ndi minofu, amakhala okwera kwambiri chifukwa chotsutsana ndi insulin. Kapamba adagwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri ndi nkhawa zambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, amatha, ndipo insulin yomwe imatulutsa sikokwanira kuti shuga akhale ndi shuga. Makamaka, kapamba wa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga a 2 samasungira masitolo ena aliwonse a insulin.Chifukwa cha izi, gawo loyamba la yankho la insulini limalephera.

Ndizosangalatsa kuti nthawi zambiri odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 omwe ali onenepa kwambiri amapanga insulini pang'ono, ndipo mosinthanitsa - katatu kuposa momwe anzawo amawonda. Panthawi imeneyi, ma endocrinologists nthawi zambiri amalembera mapiritsi - zotumphukira za sulfonylurea - zomwe zimapangitsa kapamba kuti apange insulin yambiri. Izi zimabweretsa "kutentha" kwa kapamba, chifukwa chomwe mtundu 2 wa shuga umasandulika kukhala mtundu wa 1 wa shuga.

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino matenda a shuga a 2:

Momwe mungalandiridwire matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri: njira imodzi ndi imodzi
Mankhwala 2 a shuga: nkhani yatsatanetsatane
Mapiritsi a Siofor ndi Glucofage
Momwe mungaphunzirire kusangalala ndi maphunziro akuthupi

Shuga wamagazi mutatha kudya ndi shuga yachiwiri

Tiyeni tiwone momwe chakudya cham'mawa chophika ndi mbatata, ndiko kuti, chisakanizo cha chakudya ndi mapuloteni, zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga mu ngwazi yathu. Nthawi zambiri, m'mayambiriro a 2 matenda a shuga, shuga m'magazi m'mimba yopanda kanthu amakhala abwinobwino. Ndimadzifunsa kuti asintha bwanji akatha kudya? Onani kuti ngwazi yathu imakonda kwambiri. Amadyanso chakudya kawiri kawiri kuposa anthu onenepa.

Momwe michere imakopedwa, kumakidwa ngakhale mkamwa ndipo nthawi yomweyo kumachulukitsa shuga wamagazi - zomwe takambirana kale. Wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, chakudya chamafuta amadziwikanso mkamwa momwemo ndikumapangitsa kulumpha kowopsa mu shuga. Poyankha, zikondazo zimatulutsa insulini m'magazi, kuyesa kuzimitsa kulumpha uku. Koma popeza kulibe masheya okonzeka, insulin yaying'ono kwambiri imamasulidwa. Izi zimatchedwa gawo loyamba la mayankho a insulin.

Cancreas athu otchuka amayesetsa kwambiri kukhala ndi insulin yokwanira komanso shuga wotsika wamagazi. Posakhalitsa, zinthu zidzamuyendera bwino ngati mtundu 2 wa shuga sunapite patali ndipo gawo lachiwiri la insulini silinakhudzidwe. Koma kwa maola angapo, shuga wamagazi amakhalabe okwera, ndipo zovuta za matenda ashuga zimayamba panthawiyi.

Chifukwa cha kukana insulini, wodwala wamitundu iwiri wodwala matenda ashuga amafuna kawiri kawiri insulin kuti amwe chakudya chomwenso chimakhala ndi mnzake wocheperako. Zodabwitsazi zimakhala ndi zotsatira ziwiri. Choyamba, insulin ndiye mahomoni akuluakulu omwe amalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu minofu ya adipose. Mothandizidwa ndi insulin yochulukirapo, wodwalayo amakhala wokulirapo, ndipo kukana kwake kwa insulin kumakulitsidwa. Iyi ndi nthawi yoyipa. Kachiwiri, kapamba amagwira ntchito ndi katundu wambiri, chifukwa ma cell ake a beta "ayambiranso". Chifukwa chake, mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga umamasulira mtundu 1 shuga.

Kukana kwa insulin kumapangitsa kuti maselo asamagwiritse ntchito shuga, omwe wodwala matenda ashuga amalandira ndi chakudya. Chifukwa cha izi, amamvabe ludzu, ngakhale atadya kale zochuluka. Nthawi zambiri, munthu amene ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amadya kwambiri, mpaka amamva kupweteka m'mimba, ndipo izi zimawonjezera mavuto ake. Momwe mungachiritsire kukana kwa insulin, werengani apa. Iyi ndi njira yokhayo yosinthira thanzi lanu ndi matenda ashuga a 2.

Kuzindikira ndi zovuta za matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri

Madokotala osaphunzira amakonda kupereka kuyeserera kwa shuga kwa magazi kuti atsimikizire kapena kutsimikiza kuti matendawa ali ndi matenda ashuga. Kumbukirani kuti ndi matenda ashuga amtundu 2, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhalabe kwabwinobwino kwa nthawi yayitali, ngakhale nthendayo ikapita patsogolo komanso zovuta za matenda ashuga zikukula. Chifukwa chake, kuyezetsa magazi koyenera m'magulu sikokwanira! Yesani magazi kuti mupeze hemoglobin wa glycated kapena kuyeserera kwa maola awiri pakamwa.

Mwachitsanzo, mwa munthu, shuga ya magazi atatha kudya amadumphira 7.8 mmol / L. Madokotala ambiri omwe ali ndi vutoli salemba kuti ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, kuti asalembetse wodwalayo komanso asamachite nawo mankhwala. Amalimbikitsa lingaliro lawo chifukwa chakuti wodwalayo amapezekabe insulin yokwanira, posakhalitsa shuga wake wamagazi atatha kudya amayamba kuchita bwino. Komabe, muyenera kusinthira nthawi yomweyo kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, ngakhale mutakhala ndi shuga ya 6.6 mmol / L mukatha kudya, komanso zowonjezereka ngati zili zapamwamba. Tikuyesa kupereka njira yothandiza komanso yofunika kwambiri yochizira matenda amtundu wa 1 komanso mtundu wa 2, womwe ungachitike ndi anthu omwe ali ndi ntchito yambiri.

Vuto lalikulu ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 ndikuti thupi limasweka pang'onopang'ono zaka makumi angapo, ndipo izi sizimayambitsa zizindikiro zopweteka mpaka litachedwa. Wodwala wodwala matenda ashuga a mtundu wina 2, ali ndi zabwino zambiri kuposa iwo omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba. Mwazi wake wamagazi sudzafika pamlingo waukulu ngati wodwala matenda ashuga 1 akaphonya jakisoni wa insulin. Ngati gawo lachiwiri la mayankho a insulini silikukhudzidwa kwambiri, ndiye kuti shuga ya magazi ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu ndi odwala popanda kuigwira. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 sangayembekezere "freebie" ngati imeneyi.

Momwe mungachitire bwino matenda a shuga a 2

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, njira zochizira zowonjezera zitha kutsika pancreas, njira "yakuwombera" kwa maselo ake a beta idzaletsa.

Zoyenera kuchita:

Chifukwa cha kuchepa thupi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mosangalatsa, kukana insulini kudzachepa. Ngati chithandizo chinayambika panthawi yake, ndiye kuti ndizotheka kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi wamba popanda jakisoni wa insulin. Ngati mukufunabe jakisoni wa insulin, ndiye kuti Mlingo wake umakhala wochepa. Zotsatira zake zimakhala moyo wathanzi, wachimwemwe wopanda zovuta za matenda ashuga, kuukalamba kwambiri, ku nsanje ya anzanga "athanzi".