Asayansi amati matenda a sclerosis ambiri si matenda a autoimmune

• Imakhazikika pamisempha ya shuga kwa nthawi yayitali
• Imabwezeretsa kapangidwe ka insulin

Owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito bwino Aterol kutsitsa cholesterol. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Arteriossteosis ndi makulidwe, kuumitsa ndi kuwonongeka kwa makoma a ziwiya zamagetsi zamagazi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kupangika kwa cholesterol amana pazomwe zili mkati mwa khoma la mitsempha. Zotsatira zake, pamakhala kuletsa pang'ono pang'ono kupita kwa magazi kupita ziwalo zamkati ndi ziwalo.

Pathology imayambitsa kuwoneka kwa wodwala komanso kupita patsogolo kwa zovuta zambiri zomwe zimakhudzana ndimagazi osakwanira, omwe amawonetsedwa pakuperewera kwa zakudya ndi mpweya m'maselo a thupi. Minofu imayamba kumva njala ya oxygen - hypoxia.

Imodzi mwa mitundu ya atherosulinosis imabalalitsidwa. Ndi mtundu winawake wa matendawa, womwe umadziwika kuti kupezeka kwa cholesterol imakhazikika pazitseko zamitsempha yamagazi yomwe ili mu msana ndi ubongo.

Mwa zina mwa matendawa, zomwe zikudziwika kwambiri ndi:

• kufooka mwadzidzidzi
• kuchuluka kwa nkhope kapena m'munsi,
• zosokoneza
• zovuta kumvetsetsa,
• mavuto ndi zolankhula.

Kuphatikizika kwa chizindikirocho kumawonekera chifukwa chakuti kufalitsa matenda a atherosulinosis kumakhala ndi zofanana ndi matenda ena, chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa kuti ndi chiyani komanso kuchuluka kwake nayo. Ndipo pa izi, muyenera kudziwa mwatsatanetsatane kuti matendawa amayamba ndi ziti komanso ndi njira zopewera zomwe zingathandize kupewa.

Mitundu yayikulu yamatenda

Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti njira yothandizira mankhwalawa simangotengera kumwa mankhwala apadera, komanso kutsatira zakudya zapadera, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi angapo. Dokotalayo akuvomereza lingaliro la chithandizo ichi atapenda wodwalayo mozama.

Choyamba, intima (mkati mwa khoma lamitsempha yama magazi) khoma lamkati limakhudzidwa. Pa gawo loyambirira la kufalikira kwa matenda, kuyezetsa khoma lamitsempha kumawulula maselo ambiri. Monga mapangidwe a zolembera ndi kupita patsogolo kwa matenda, cholesterol amana ikhoza kutenga mawonekedwe ena ndi mawonekedwe.

Kupititsa patsogolo kwa kufalitsa kwa matenda a atherosulinosis kumabweretsa kukula kwa makoma a mitsempha ya m'mimba ndi ubongo, kutsekeka kwa lumen yawo wamkati ndikupanga masinthidwe osakhazikika m'makoma amitsempha.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti atherosclerosis ndi multiple sclerosis nthawi zambiri amafanana, komabe, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pake. Kusiyana kwawo ndikuti kufalikira kwa atherosulinosis ndi vuto lomwe limakhudza ochepa mitsempha ndi ma arterioles, omwe amakhala ndi michere yofunika ndi magazi kupita ku maselo amanjenje.

Pali mitundu yotere yamatenda:

1. Atherosulinosis - kuchepa kwa mitsempha kuchokera kukuchuluka kwa cholesterol ma deposits, ma amana amchere amchere ndi fibrin mkati mwa mitsempha. Izi zimakhudza mitsempha yayikulu komanso yapakati.
2. Monkeberg arteriosulinosis kapena medial calcific sclerosis imakonda kuonetsedwa mwa okalamba, yodziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa mzere wapakati wamitsempha.
3. Hyperplastic atherosulinosis ndi mtundu wa matenda omwe amakhudza mitsempha yayikulu komanso yapakati.
4. Mtundu wa hyaline, wotchedwa ochepa hyalinosis, umanena za zotupa zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kuphatikizika kwa homogeneous hyaline m'mitsempha yaying'ono ndi arterioles.

Dokotala amapangitsa kuti adziwe matendawo pambuyo pazochitika zambiri za zasayansi yantchito ndi yothandizira.

Zomwe zikukula pamatendawa

Ngati tizingolankhula za kufalikira kwa matenda a heherosulinosis, ndi chiyani, ndiye kuti muyenera kudziwanso ndi lingaliro la kufalikira kwamkati mwazinthu zamkati. Kuwonongeka kwa kuphatikizika kwa intravas ndi chotsatira cha kuyambitsa kwakukulu kwa dongosolo la coagulation ndikuwonongeka kwa endothelial komanso / kapena kutulutsa kwa zinthu za thromboplastic kulowa m'magazi.

Zitha kukhala chifukwa cha chitukuko chachikulu cha matenda opweteka, kuvulala, neoplasia ndi gynecological. Fibros thrombi yaying'ono imatha kupanga minyewa yaying'ono ya ubongo, mtima, mapapo, impso, ndi ziwalo zina ndikupanga minyewa ya ischemic.

Ma fibrin thrombi ang'ono amawonekera kale koyambirira kwa chitukuko cha matendawa, mapangidwe akewa amapangidwa chifukwa cha kuyambitsa kwamankhwala omwe amapereka intravascular coagulation, thrombi yotereyi imawoneka bwino pakamayesedwa mu capillary malupu.

Zambiri zasayansi:

• kuchuluka kwa mapulateleti
• chizindikiritso cha kuchuluka kwa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa fibrinogen,
• kuzindikira kwa nthawi yayitali prothrombin,
• kutsimikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa thromboplastin nthawi,
• ndikuwona kukhalapo kwa D-dimer yowonjezera.

Kuphatikizana kochuluka kumayambitsa mkhalidwewu, womwe umachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa endothelial komanso kuchuluka kwa mapulosi ambiri m'magazi.

Ngati izi zikuwululidwa mu nthawi, ndiye kuti kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kwamitsempha kumatha kupewedwa.

Zoyipa zomwe zimathandizira kukulitsa matendawa

Anthu ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa. Ndi kwa gulu ili la odwala omwe ayenera kuwunika bwino thanzi lawo.

Kupimidwa pafupipafupi ndi dokotala, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopewera, kumathandiza kupewa zovuta zazikulu pakukula kwa matendawa. Gulu lachiwopsezo limaphatikizapo odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la chibadwa chachitukuko cha atherosclerosis. Odwala omwe amakhala m'malo okhala ndi zovuta zachilengedwe.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo komanso shuga wamagazi ambiri amakhala ndi atherosulinosis. Chifukwa cha zovuta zoyipa zamagazi m'makoma amitsempha yamagazi.

Anthu omwe achibale awo amadwala atherosulinosis ndi matenda amtima kwambiri amatha kupatsidwa ma atherosulinosis ochulukirapo kuposa anthu omwe alibe abale apafupi ndi matendawa.

Kuwonongeka kwa mpweya ndi chilengedwe kumawononga thanzi la anthu, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwoneka kwa zovuta zambiri mthupi, osachepera chimodzi mwa zovuta izi ndikutukuka kwa kusintha kwa atherosulinotic mu mtima ndi odwala.

Zina zoyipa zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuwonongeka mkati mwa khoma lamitsempha. Zomwe zimakhumudwitsa mapangidwe a cholesterol amana ndi kupitirira kwa atherosulinosis.

Izi ndi izi:

1. kuthamanga kwa magazi
2. cholesterol yayikulu
3. kusuta
4. shuga wamagazi ambiri.

Chifukwa chake, anthu odwala matenda a shuga ayenera kusamala makamaka ndi thanzi lawo.

Magulu aanthu omwe ali ndi izi: ayenera kukhala osamala kwambiri pakudya mafuta ochepa komanso ochepa mafuta; komanso, anthu awa amalangizidwa mwamphamvu kuti asiye kusuta fodya.

Osanyalanyaza zolimbitsa thupi, muyenera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe adotolo amakupatsani.

Kodi kuchitira angapo atherosulinosis?

Zachidziwikire, atherosulinotic syndrome iyenera kuthandizidwa ndimankhwala ena.

Therapy nthawi zambiri amatenga njira zodzitetezera. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mankhwala monga mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti muchepetse cholesterol yambiri, kuthamanga kwa magazi (ACE inhibitors), komanso mankhwala antactagulant omwe amathandizira kupewa magazi.

Kusintha kwa moyo kumalimbikitsidwa, zolimbitsa thupi ziyenera kuchuluka, kusuta kuyenera kusiyiratu ndipo kumwa kwambiri kuyenera kuchepetsedwa.

Chithandizo chake chimaphatikizaponso kumwa mankhwala a senolytic kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amathetsa maselo okalamba. Mankhwalawa amachepetsa kukhathamiritsa kwa mtima ndipo zimathandizira kugwira ntchito kwa mtima.

Pakukonzekera chithandizo, ngati kuli kotheka, mitundu ingapo ya maopareshoni imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Angioplasty ndi kununkha. Catheter imayikidwa kaye mu gawo lotsekedwa (m'mphepete mwa mtsempha), kenako imalowetsedwa kudzera mu catheter kudera lopapatiza. Panthawi yonseyi, makoma a chotengera amasunthidwa mbali, ndipo ma cholesterol amana amawakanikizira kukhoma la zotengera. Bokosi la ma mesh limatsalira mchombo, limagwira ngati chopindika ndipo limalepheretsa kuti mtsempha ujowolere.
• Opaleshoni yamitsempha yama cell Ndi opaleshoni iyi, njira yatsopano yolowera magazi kutsika mtima imapangidwa. Pogwiritsa ntchito gawo labwino la chotengera cham'mimba, dokotalayo amawedulira kutsogolo kwa gawo lotchinga lamtsempha ndipo pambuyo pake, lomwe limakupatsani mwayi wolowera magazi mozungulira gawo lowonongeka la chotengera cham'mbali.
• Endarterectomy. Awa ndi dzina lodziwika kuti njira yochotsera ma cholesterol amana mu malo ochepa kapena oletsedwa a chotengera china.

Pothana ndi matenda, thrombolytic mankhwala angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Uwu ndiye chithandizo chowonongera unyinji wazolowa mkati mwa mtsempha mwa kusungunuka kwamitsempha yamagazi yopangidwa.

Muyenera kukumbukiranso mankhwala azikhalidwe. Mwambiri, itha kukhala njira yothandiza yolimbana ndi matenda a zamitsempha. Makamaka ngati mukuiphatikiza ndi njira zachikhalidwe zamankhwala ndi kupewa.

Mwa maphikidwe otchuka, zotsatirazi zimadziwika:

1. mtengo wamakungwa oyala,
2. Mabulosi a mabulosi
3. mabuluni
4. maluwa okongola a chamomile,
5. muzu wa ginger
6. mtedza wophatikizidwa ndi uchi.

Mu mankhwalawa mungagule nthawi zonse mankhwala azitsamba omwe angakuthandizeni kubwezeretsa magazi komanso kupewa kukula kwa ma atherosulinosis ambiri.

Njira zopewera

Njira zopewera ndi njira imodzi yothandiza kwambiri kupewa matenda.

Zinthu zomwe zingathandize kupewa kuwonekera kwa cholesterol pamakoma amitsempha amaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa malamulo angapo.

Muyenera kutsatira zakudya, kudya zakudya zotsika mu cholesterol, ndipo ngati nkotheka, pewani kudya mafuta odzola. Amachulukitsa cholesterol yoyipa.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzichita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi. Kapenanso muzichita masewera olimbitsa thupi oyambitsidwa, kusuntha kwambiri.

Ndikofunika kusiya zizolowezi zoipa.

Zakudya zotsatirazi ndizokwanira m'mafuta osakwaniritsidwa ndipo zimatha kuchepetsa cholesterol yoyipa:

• mafuta a azitona
• mapeyala
• walnuts
• nsomba zamafuta
• mtedza
• mbewu.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kuchepetsa thupi, zomwe zimakhudza bwino mtima ndi kayendedwe ka magazi.

Kusuta ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zowopsa pakupanga atherosclerosis, komanso kumawonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi. Osuta fodya, pamaso pa prerequisites ya isanayambike ndi chitukuko cha atherosclerosis, ayenera kusiyiratu kusuta.

Ndikwabwino kutsatira malingaliro onsewa pamodzi. Pankhaniyi, zotsatira za iwo zidzakhala zokwanira popewa kuyambika kwa matendawa, komanso mothandizidwa ndi mankhwalawa.

Zotheka zotheka pakukula kwa matenda

Atherosulinosis imatha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu komanso zovuta. Zitha kuthandizira kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwa zovuta zingapo kuzungulira kwa magazi, zomwe zingayambitse kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa ziwalo.

Owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito bwino Aterol kutsitsa cholesterol. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Mu matenda a mtima, pali kuphwanya kwa kuperekedwa kwa maselo am'minyewa komanso mpweya ndi michere, yomwe imayambitsa ma pathologies pantchito ya chiwalo.

Ndi kupangidwa kwa zolembera za atherosselotic pamakoma a chotupa cha carotid, pamakhala kuwonongeka pakubwera kwa magazi ku ubongo ndipo, chifukwa chake, zolakwika zamanjenje.

Mavuto oyenda mozungulira amayambitsa zomwe zimachitika:

1. Kulephera kwa mtima. Mtima sutha kupopa magazi okwanira kuti ziwalo zonse zamkati zizigwira ntchito.
2. Matenda a mtima. Umu ndi momwe magazi amatchinga, mkhalidwe uwu wamthupi umakhala wowopsa kwambiri pamoyo wamunthu.
3. Kulephera kwina. Potere, impso zimachepetsa ntchito kapena kusiya kugwira ntchito.
4. Mapangidwe a aneurysm. Ichi ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe limadziwika chifukwa cha kukhoma kwa chotengera. Matendawa ndi omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azifa. Aneurysm ndi omwe amayambitsa kutulutsa magazi mkati.
5. Stroko. Ichi ndi chiopsezo chodziwika ndi kuperewera kapena kuchepa kwa magazi m'magawo ena a ubongo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi awoneke m'maselo am'maselo amanjenje - hypoxia, pomwe amafa.
6. Arrhythmias. Atherosulinosis imatha kuyambitsa zovuta pamitsempha ya mtima, zomwe zimawononga ntchito ya thupi lonse.

Zovuta zonsezi zimatha kukhala zovuta, kapena mosiyana.

Multiple sclerosis ndi atherosulinosis akufotokozedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.

• Imakhazikika pamisempha ya shuga kwa nthawi yayitali
• Imabwezeretsa kapangidwe ka insulin

Zolemba zaukadaulo wazachipatala

Asayansi amati matenda a sclerosis ambiri, omwe akuti ndi matenda a autoimmune, si matenda oteteza thupi. Dr. Angelica Cortels, a anthropologist, ndi a John Jay, pulofesa ku College of Criminal Justice ku New York, apereka lingaliro lakuti sclerosis yambiri, yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha matenda a lipid metabolism, ili yofanana m'njira zambiri ku coronary atherosulinosis kuposa matenda ena a autoimmune.

Cortels amakhulupirira kuti kulingalira za ma sclerosis ambiri monga matenda a metabolic, zodabwitsa zambiri za matendawa zitha kufotokozedwa, makamaka chifukwa chake zimakhudza azimayi nthawi zambiri kuposa abambo, komanso chifukwa chake pakhala kuwonjezeka kwaposachedwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Amanenanso kuti izi zitha kuthandiza asayansi kupanga njira zatsopano zochiritsira ndipo, kuchiritsira matendawa.

Masiku ano, anthu osachepera 1.3 miliyoni padziko lonse ali ndi matenda a sclerosis ambiri. Khalidwe lake lalikulu ndikutupa kwamatenda, komwe kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa minofu yotchedwa myelin komwe kumayambitsa minyewa yaubongo ndi chingwe cha msana. Pakapita nthawi, zipsera izi zimatha kuwononga kwambiri mitsempha. Asayansi ati chitetezo cha mthupi ndi chomwe chikuyambitsa matendawa, koma palibe amene wakwanitsa kufotokoza bwino zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Chibadwa, zakudya, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kapena kuchepa kwa vitamini D zonse zitha kugwirizanitsidwa ndi ma sclerosis angapo, koma umboni pazinthu zoopsazi ndizosagwirizana ndipo ngakhale zimatsutsana, asayansi akukhumudwitsa kuti apeze chithandizo chamankhwala.

"Nthawi zonse chibadwa chikawonetsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu pachiwopsezo cha kukhala ndi sclerosis angapo mwa anthu amodzi, zimapezeka kuti mwa anthu ena zilibe kanthu," akutero Cortels. "Ndizosatheka kufotokozera za kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuphatikizapo kachilombo ka Epstein-Barr pakukula kwa matendawa, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa majini ofanana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwewo amasiyana kwambiri pamlingo wa chitukuko cha matendawa. .

Komabe, poganizira ma sclerosis ambiri ngati metabolic m'malo mwa matenda a autoimmune, munthu amatha kuwona zomwe zimayambitsa pathogenesis komanso zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.

Kortels amakhulupirira kuti choyambitsa chachikulu cha matenda ambiri amthupi chimatha kukhala cholembedwa mu cell nuclei, yomwe imayendetsa mayamwidwe, kuwonongeka, ndikupanga lipids (mafuta ndi mankhwala ena ofanana) mthupi lonse. Kuphwanya mapuloteni amenewa, komwe kumadziwika kuti ndi peroxisome receptor proliferation activates (PPARs), kumayambitsa kuchuluka kwa chinthu choopsa, cholesterol "yoyipa", yomwe imapanga zigawo zomwe zikukhudzidwa. Kudzikundikira kwa malo amenewa, kumayambitsa kuyamwa kwa mthupi, komwe kumapeto kwake kumayamba. Awa ndi machitidwe omwewo omwe akuphatikizidwa pakupanga matenda a atherosulinosis, momwe kuperewera kwa PPAR kumayambitsa mapangidwe, kuyankha kwa chitetezo, komanso kuvulala m'mitsempha yama coronary.

"Lipid metabolism ikasokonekera m'mitsempha, mumalandira atherosclerosis," Cortels akufotokozera. "Izi zikachitika mu chapakati mantha dongosolo, mumakhala ndi sclerosis yambiri. Koma chifukwa chachikulu ndichofanana."

Choopsa chachikulu cha matenda a lipid homeostasis ndi LDL cholesterol yayikulu. Chifukwa chake, ngati ma PPAR anali maziko opangira matenda a sclerosis ambiri, zitha kukhala zomveka bwino chifukwa chake m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi milandu ya matendawa yajambulidwa kwambiri. "Mwambiri, anthu padziko lonse lapansi amadya shuga wambiri komanso nyama, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa cholesterol yayikulu ya LDL," adatero Cortels. "Chifukwa chake, titha kuyembekezera matenda ambiri okhudzana ndi matenda a lipid metabolism - mwachitsanzo, matenda a mtima, motero, matenda a chifuwa chachikulu. Izi zikufotokozanso chifukwa chake ma statins, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira cholesterol, awonetsa kugwira bwino ntchito sclerosis angapo. "

Lipid hypothesis imatithandizanso kudziwa kulumikizana kwapakati pa kuchepa kwapakati pa chifuwa chachikulu komanso kuperewera kwa Vitamini D. Vitamini D imathandizira kuchepa kwa cholesterol ya LDL, ndipo kuchepa kwa vitamini D kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matendawa - makamaka pankhani ya kudya kwambiri m'mafuta ndi chakudya.

Cortels amafotokozanso chifukwa chake sclerosis yofala kwambiri mwa azimayi.

"Amuna ndi akazi amaphatikiza mafuta mosiyanasiyana," adatero Cortels. "Mwa amuna, vuto la PPAR limachitika kawirikawiri m'mitsempha yamatumbo, motero amakhala ndi vuto la atherosulinosis. Chifukwa cha kubereka, azimayi amapanga mafuta mosiyanasiyana. Lipid metabolism yasokoneza azimayi imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kupanga kwa myelin mkati mwa dongosolo lamanjenje. chifukwa chake, kupindika kwamankhwala kumayamba kuchuluka mwa akazi, komanso atherosulinosis mwa amuna. "

Kuphatikiza pa cholesterol yapamwamba, pali zinthu zina zomwe zimasokoneza ntchito ya PPAR, kuphatikizapo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, monga kachilombo ka Epstein-Barr, kuvulala ndi ma genetic ena. Mwambiri, chimodzi mwazinthu zowopsa izi sizokwanira kupangitsa kuti metabolidi ya lipid igwe. Koma kuphatikiza pazinthu zambiri kumatha kuyambitsa matenda a lipid metabolism. Mwachitsanzo, kachitidwe ka PPAR kofooka m'thupi sikungayambitse matenda, koma kuphatikiza ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kumatha kuyambitsa kuperewera kwamatenda ambiri. Izi zimathandiza kufotokozera chifukwa chake zoyambitsa zingapo za sclerosis ndizofunikira kwa anthu ena komanso anthu ambiri, koma osati kwa ena.

Asayansi akufuna kupanga kafukufuku wowonjezera kuti amvetsetse bwino momwe ma PPAR amapangitsira matenda osiyanasiyana, koma Cortels akuyembekeza kuti kumvetsetsa kw matendawa kumapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zamankhwala zatsopano komanso njira zopewera.

"Chongopeka chatsopano ichi chimatipatsa chiyembekezo pakuwoneka koyambirira kwamankhwala ochizira matenda amisempha ambiri kuposa kale," adatero Cortels.

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Zizindikiro ndi Chithandizo cha Cerebral Atherosulinosis

Pamtima wa zikhalidwe zoterezi monga ubongo wa atherosulinosis ndikuphwanya kwa magazi. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, izi zosasangalatsa komanso zoopsa kwambiri zimachitika makamaka kwa anthu okalamba. Koma, ngakhale kuti anthu wamba matenda amtunduwu amatchedwa "senile sclerosis", chiwerengero cha odwala omwe ali ndi zaka zochepa komanso akugwira ntchito chawonjezeka posachedwa. Mosiyana ndi zotupa za atherosulinotic zamatumbo zomwe zimadyetsa minofu ya mtima, ndi mawonekedwe amtunduwu, matenda amafuta a cholesterol amapezeka m'mitsempha yamitsempha, ndikuwapangitsa kuti akhale ochepa (stenosis). Chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa oxygen ndi michere, ma hypoxia, mawonetsedwe a ischemic amachitika, kotero ma neurons a ubongo amaleka kukwaniritsa ntchito zawo. Gawo lomwe lanyalanyazidwa matendawa nthawi zambiri limabweretsa stroko. Zizindikiro ndi chithandizo cha matenda amtundu wa mu ubongo sizosiyana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a atherosulinotic, kokha ndi matenda amtunduwu amawonedwanso.

Zifukwa zachitukuko

Kapangidwe ka ma atherosmithotic amana pamakoma a ziwiya zamadzimadzi kumayambitsa zinthu zodziwika bwino zomwe anthu ambiri amanyalanyaza pa moyo wawo wonse. Choyamba, izi zimaphatikizapo kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kunenepa kwambiri, kusuta fodya, kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi ndi mtundu wambiri wazinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta a nyama. Zonsezi zimawonjezera mafuta m'thupi. Popeza madongosolo a cholesterol alipo kale, mitsempha ya ziwalo imatha kuchepa kwambiri kukayikirana ndi maziko amanjenje chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zimapangitsa. Hypertension, kusokonekera kwa lipid kagayidwe kachakudya matenda ashuga, kusokonekera kwa mahomoni, cholowa chathu chimachititsanso matenda a mtima.

Kuwonongeka kwa kufalikira kwa ziwalo za m'magazi kumabweretsa kuperewera kwa okosijeni ku ziwalo zaubongo, chifukwa chake kuwonekera koyambirira kwa matendawa kumapangitsa kupweteka kwa mutu. Ndi matenda a ischemic, ululu umakulirakulira, ndipo ndikapitilira matendawa, ululuwo umakhala wokhazikika. Ndizachilengedwe kuti zoterezi zimapangitsa kuti munthu azikhala wotopa kwambiri, asinthe mosaganizira, komanso asokoneze kugona.

Popita nthawi, thanzi la wodwala limakulirakulira. Kuchepetsa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mitsempha ya ziwalo kumachititsa kuti munthu azikumbukira, kuchepa m'maganizo, kuganiza pang'onopang'ono, kuthina kwamoto, komanso chizungulire. Odwala oterewa amakonda kukhumudwa, ndipo zizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambapa za kuwonongeka kwachidziwitso zimaperekedwa nthawi zonse ndi mutu. Ndipo zovuta za ischemic zomwe zitha kukhala tsiku lathunthu kapena kupitilira apo, miyendo imafooka, kuyankhula kumakhala koperewera, ndipo mawonekedwe azowoneka amachepa. Inde, Zizindikiro zotere zamatenda a ubongo zimafuna chithandizo chamankhwala, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kufunsa dokotala munthawi yake kuti muzindikire matendawa kumayambiriro kwake.

Njira yophatikizika ndiyofunika pochiza matenda opita patsogolo awa. Kuphatikiza pa kumwa mankhwala omwe munalandira, muyenera kusintha moyo wanu: kusiya zizolowezi zoyipa, kuchepetsa thupi, yesetsani kupewa zovuta zomwe zingatheke, ndipo sinthani ntchito ndi kupumula. Chofunikanso chimodzimodzi ndichakuti azisamalira kudya zakudya zopanda zakudya kupatula zakudya zonunkhira ndi mafuta, mchere wambiri kuchokera pachakudya.

Chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo a chotupa cha mitsempha chotupa chimapangidwa kuti chiwonjezere magazi m'mitsempha yamagazi, kuletsa kukula kwa mapangidwe a atherosulinotic ndi mapangidwe a magazi, komanso kutsitsa magazi m'magazi a cholesterol. Pachifukwa ichi, owonda magazi (Aspirin, Thrombo Ass, Cardiomagnyl), vasodilators (Glycine, Cavinton, Angiotrophin) ndi omwe amapanga. Kuti tisiye kupitabe patsogolo kwa chiwonetsero cha atherosulinotic, mankhwala a lipid-lowering (anticholesterol) kuchokera pagulu la statins amasankhidwa, komanso mankhwala a antihypertensive omwe amachotsa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Ngati kuchuluka kwa stenosis m'mitsempha ya chithokomiro kumafikira kwambiri (70% kapena kuposerapo), ndiye kuti ntchito yochotsa cholesterol plaque kapena thrombus mchombo siyingagawanikidwe.

Chifukwa chakuti zizindikiro ndi chithandizo cha matenda amtundu wamatumbo zimamveka bwino, madokotala nthawi zambiri amatha kuyimitsa matendawa. Chachikulu ndichakuti mudziwe zamatendawa munthawi yake. Dzisamalire!

Atherosulinosis: Zizindikiro ndi kulandira chithandizo kwa akuluakulu

Atherossteosis ndi matenda ophatikizika a polyetiological vascular, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kufotokozera kwa lipids mu chipolopolo chawo chamkati, kukula kwa njira zotupa, zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta zina zotchulidwa chifukwa cha kufinya kwa mitsempha kapena mapangidwe a magazi.

Atherosulinosis imadziwika kwambiri pakati pa anthu amakono, ndipo ndi njira zolakwika zamankhwala zingayambitse zovuta.

Mawonekedwe ake oyamba nthawi zambiri amachotsedwa, ndipo anthu samawalabadira, amabwera kwa madokotala pokhapokha pakabuka zovuta. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mutu wa atherosulinosis ndi wofunikira kwambiri.

Kodi chifukwa chiyani ma arteriosulinosis amachitika?

Monga tafotokozera pamatanthauzidwe a atherosulinosis omwe, matendawa ali ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana.

Zachidziwikire, chilichonse payekhapayekha chingayambitse kukulitsa kwa zotupa zam'mimba. Komabe, kuphatikiza kofala kwambiri kwa zifukwa zitatu kapena zingapo zomwe pamodzi zimathandizira kuti chiwopsezo cha matenda chikwanirike.

Chifukwa chake, pali magulu atatu a chiopsezo cha atherosulinosis. Gulu loyamba limaphatikizanso zinthu zomwe sizingasinthe.

Kukhazikika kwa chiwopsezo - ndi amodzi mwa malo oyamba mndandanda wazomwe zimayambitsa atherosulinosis. Achibale apafupi nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda a atherosulinosis omwe ali ndi zisonyezo, komanso amatha kusiyanitsa mitundu yamatenda a lipid metabolism, yomwe ndiyofunikira mwachindunji pakukula kwa matendawa.

Amuna - amayamba kuzindikira zoyamba za atherosulinosis pafupifupi zaka 10 m'mbuyomu komanso nthawi zinayi kuposa akazi.

Kusuta - khalani ndi zotsatira zoyipa kupumira ndi mtima. Chifukwa chokhala ndi chikumbumtima chambiri, chiwopsezo cha bronchitis chambiri chimakulirakulira. Munjira, chikonga chimachepetsa mphamvu zotupa za khoma lamitsempha, zimakulitsa kupezeka kwake ndikuwononga pang'ono. Ichi ndi chikhalidwe chabwino kwambiri kulowa kwa atherogenic cholesterol mu nembanemba yamitsempha, ndipo kenako kupanga mapangidwe atherosclerotic.

Matenda oopsa a arterial - ndimatenda amtunduwu, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumachulukirachulukira, ndipo zotengera zili munthawi ya spasmodic. Kupindika kwa nthawi yayitali kwamitsempha yamagetsi kumapangitsa kuti minyewa yawo ikhale yofooka, kuwonongedwa kwa gawo lina la mafayilo a choroid, omwe, amathandiziranso kulowerera kwa cholesterol yowonjezera ndi mawonekedwe ake mkati mwa mitsempha yamkati.

Gulu lachiwiri la zinthu zomwe zili pachiwopsezo ndi zinthu zomwe zingasinthe. Munthu akhoza kuzikhudza pang'ono. Izi ndi zinthu monga:

• Hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia ndi hypertriglyceridemia ndi kuchuluka kwa lipids (mafuta), cholesterol yathunthu ndi triglycerides. Ndi chifukwa cha vuto la lipid metabolism kuti njira zoyambira za mapangidwe a zolembera zimayambitsidwa, makamaka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol yomwe imakhudzana ndi lipoproteins yotsika.
• Glucose okwera (hyperglycemia) ndi matenda a shuga - pafupifupi odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, zovuta zingapo zimayamba pakapita nthawi, pomwe ma microangiopathy ndi macroangiopathy (kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zazing'onoting'ono ndi zazikulu) amakhala malo apadera, omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha kuyang'ana kwambiri. kuchuluka kwa shuga. Zikachitika, zombozo zimawonongeka kuchokera mkati, ndipo palibe zopinga zomwe zingalepheretse kulowa kwa cholesterol mkati mwake.
• Kuchuluka kwa ma lipoproteins apamwamba - cholesterol yokhudzana ndi mtundu uwu wa lipoproteins imatchedwa "zabwino", ndipo kuchuluka kwake sikumabweretsa mapangidwe. Mankhwalawa, madokotala akuyesera kuti akwaniritse kuchuluka kwa lipoprotein yapamwamba komanso kuchepa kwa mapuloteni otsika kwambiri (atherogenic).
• Metabolic syndrome ndi kuphatikiza kwa zizindikiro, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwamafuta m'mimba (kapena kunenepa kwambiri, mtundu wam'mimba), kulolerana kwa glucose (mulingo wosakhazikika, koma osakhalapo shuga), kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa triglycerides ndi matenda oopsa,
• Kuperewera kwa mahomoni - azimayi omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yodwala, komanso kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi endocrine pathologies (hyperthyroidism, matenda a Itsenko-Cushing) amatenga matendawa makamaka.

Ndipo pamapeto pake, gulu lomaliza la zinthu zowopsa - lotchedwa "ena." Izi zikuphatikiza ndi izi:

1. Kulephera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kapena kukhala moyo wawofuwofu, ndi anthu omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali muofesi, pakompyuta kapena kunyumba, amalemera msanga, amasiya kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, amakhala olimba mtima, zotengera zawo zimasowa mphamvu komanso kunenepa. Zonsezi ndi khomo lotseguka la cholesterol.
2. Zochitika pafupipafupi - zochitika zina zovuta zimakhudza kwathunthu ziwalo zonse. Amayambitsa mantha amanjenje, omwe amachititsa kuti adrenaline amasulidwe. Adrenaline, nayenso, imagwiritsa mwamphamvu mitsempha ya magazi. Kubwereza pafupipafupi kwa ma episkopi kotere sikuwonetsedwa bwino m'mitsempha yosalala, ndipo kumabweretsa zotsatirazi.

Kuphatikiza apo, kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa kuli m'gulu lino - mowa ndi chilengedwe chake ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Ndi kudya mosasintha, mwadongosolo m'thupi, pang'onopang'ono amawononga minofu yonse, kusokoneza kagayidwe kameneka mwa iwo, kuphatikizapo lipid metabolism.

Kupitilira apo, cholesterol ikhoza kuyikidwamo mwaulemu monga zododometsa.

Cerebral atherosulinosis - matenda omwe angakulepheretseni kukalamba kosangalala

Sclerosis imafalikira makamaka ukalamba (pambuyo pa zaka 60), koma imapezeka mu 20. Cerebral atherosulinosis ndi mawonekedwe ake owopsa. Ili ndi mitsempha ndi ziwiya zaubongo. Ndipo m'magawo akulu (pamene dementia ikula), zimayambitsa kusatheka kokwanira kwa kudzisamalira ndi kusowa pogwira komanso kuthekera kwa kulumikizana ndi anthu ozungulira.

Ngati mukukhulupirira ziwerengero, azimayi amakhala ndi matenda atangotha ​​zaka 50, ndipo abambo nthawi zambiri amafika pa 45. Zomwe zimachitika pang'onopang'ono zimatha kukhala mndandanda waukulu wa zinthu zomwe zimakhudza, choyambirira, thanzi limodzi.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa kuyerekezera kophatikizidwa kwa m'maganizo ndi kulingalira kwa maginito a mutu komanso zomwe zili bwino kuchita

Kwa zaka zambiri osavutika ndi CHOLESTEROL?

Mutu wa Bungwe: “Mudzadabwa momwe zimakhalira zosavuta kuchepetsa mafuta m'thupi mwakumwa tsiku lililonse.

CT kapena MRI yaubongo, yomwe ndi yabwinoko, imatsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala, kutengera ndi zizindikiro za matendawo, machitidwe a thupi. Njira zodalirika, zophunzitsira komanso zapamwamba kwambiri za kafukufuku wosasokoneza, monga computer tomography (CT) ndi magnetic resonanceapy (MRI), zimapangitsa kuti adziwe matenda a ubongo. Njira iliyonse imakhala ndi zopindulitsa zambiri pakugulitsa zida zake.

Kusiyana pakati pa CT ndi MRI

Owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito bwino Aterol kutsitsa cholesterol. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Kafukufuku wazamakompyuta ndi zamagetsi amatengera njira zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, kukhalapo kwa mawu omwewo m'dzina, pankhaniyi, tomography, kukuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa mfundo zofanana. Liwuli liyenera kumvetsedwa ngati "kuwerenga kwa kagawo," komwe kamatanthawuza kupenda kwa ubongo.

Njira zonse ziwiri zimasanthula ubongo pogwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwamtundu, koma zimangotengera njira zosiyanasiyana. Ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zowunika zomwe chinthu chachikulu ndichomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi CT kuchokera ku MRI ya ubongo.

Kupanga kwa ubongo kwa ubongo kumagwira ntchito molumikizana ndi ma x-ray omwe amatengedwa ndi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi mwachangu. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imachitika mu maginito.

M'magawo onse awiri, chidziwitsochi chimapita kukompyuta, pomwe chimasinthidwa kukhala chithunzi cha mbali zitatu cha chipangizocho chomwe chikufufuzidwa - kompyuta ya tomogram, yolondola kwambiri, yophunzitsa, imakulolani kuti muwone zolakwika pamaselo a foni.

Kuunika kulikonse kumachitika ndi zida zapadera, zakunja zamtundu womwewo, zomwe zimakhala ndi tebulo losunthira pang'onopang'ono mkati mwa cylling yosanthula.

Pozindikira ubongo

Kuzindikira za ubongo, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zapamwamba kwambiri, ndikofunikira pamaso pazizindikiro zoopsa zomwe zimaphwanya ntchito zofunika ziwalo.

Malinga ndi akatswiri, njira yotsatsira maginito ndioyeneranso kuchitikira:

• sitiroko - ngozi yamitsempha,
• matenda opatsirana
• Zizindikiro zowopsa za kuthamanga kwa intracranial,
• kusokera munjira ya ubongo, mitsempha ya mitsempha,
• kupweteka kwakanthawi, makamaka pakanthawi kochepa, chizungulire, kukomoka,
• aneurysm ndi mtima stenosis,
• kupasuka kwa minofu, minyewa,
• ma pathologies akulu, kuphatikiza ma sclerosis ambiri, matenda a Alzheimer's,
• khunyu
• khansa yomwe akuganiza, metastasis mu minofu yofewa ya bongo,
• kukonza kwamphamvu kwa minofu yofewa,
• matenda a msana,
• kusowa kwanyimbo,
• kukhalapo kwa contraindication ku CT.

Kuphatikiza ndi kuyang'ana kwa ubongo muubongo, khosi lachiberekero limapimidwa nthawi zambiri. Pa kompyuta tomogram imawonetsa bwino mafupa a chipilala ndi maziko a chigaza, mitsempha yamagazi, mtima wamitsempha.

Zizindikiro za CT ndi izi:

• kuvulala, kupweteka, zina zoyambira za chigaza,
• kuvulala kwa msana m'khosi,
• mafupa a nkhope
• mitsempha ya mitsempha,
• aakulu ndi pachimake mitundu ya otitis ndi sinusitis,
• Matenda a chithokomiro,
• zotupa, hemmatoma
• matenda obwera ndi ubongo
• kuthekera kochita kafukufuku pogwiritsa ntchito MRI.

Sizotheka kusankha nokha kuyeserera, ngakhale mutazindikira kuti matendawa ndi odziwika. Phunziroli limachitika pokhapokha potsatira dokotala, pambuyo pa mayeso a labotale komanso pamaso pa khadi la odwala omwe ali kunja, ndikulongosola kwa chithunzi cha matenda.

Ubwino wa CT ndi MRI

Kusankha m'malo mwa njira yina kapena kukhazikika kwake, adotolo amapanga pamatendawo chithunzi cha matenda amisala, kuthamanga kwazidziwitso, malo a thupi ndi zisonyezo zina zingapo.

Ubwino waukulu wa MRI yaubongo ndi:

1. Chithunzi cholondola chokwanira cha minofu yoyesera, ndikutsimikizira kuti matendawa ndi olondola. Akatswiri akutsimikizira kuti cholakwika chochepa kwambiri.
2. Kusakhalapo kwa zovulaza kulola njirayi kuchitidwa mobwerezabwereza. Woyenerera ana amasukulu oyamwitsa komanso amayi oyembekezera (kupatula woyamba wa trimester).
3. Sichifunikira zowonjezera, zovuta kulumikizana, zomwe zimaphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, kuyambitsa kwa mankhwala osiyanitsa.
4. Makina opangira mphamvu zamagetsi ophatikizika amathandizira kupenda odwala omwe ali ndi claustrophobia popanda sedative.

Mphamvu kwambiri ya MRI yaubongo imawonetsedwa ndikuwunika madera omwe ali ndi madzi ambiri, otetezedwa ndi minofu yamafupa. Izi zimaphatikizapo chingwe cha msana kapena ubongo, ma disc a intervertebral disc m'khosi.

Ubwino waukulu wa njira ya CT:

• kuchuluka kwazambiri komanso kulondola kwa zithunzi zamitundu itatu,
• kumveketsa kwakukulu kwa minofu yamafupa
• kusowa kwa njira zokonzekera, nthawi yochepa ya njirayi, kupangitsa njira kukhala yofunika kwambiri pakuwunika mwadzidzidzi,
• mtengo wotsika kwambiri.

Kuwunika kofananirako kwa diagnostics a MRI ndi CT kukuwonetsa zotsatira zofanana.

Contraindication

Kukhalapo kwa zinthu zoyipa za CT kapena MRI sikungathandize kuchepetsa chidziwitso chake chapadera. Amakwaniritsa ntchito yawo yayikulu - amathandizira kukhazikitsa kuzindikira koyenera. Njira iliyonse imakhala ndi zotsutsana zosiyanasiyana.

MRI siyikulimbikitsidwa ngati:

• zotupa pakhungu (eczema, dermatitis ndi ena),
• matenda kupuma limodzi ndi chifuwa, mphuno,
• Zolemba za utoto wachitsulo,
• zinthu zachitsulo mbali iliyonse ya thupi.

Zinthu zotsatirazi zimaletsa kuyang'ana kwa CT:

• kupezeka kwa pakati
• matenda a shuga amtundu uliwonse, ntchito yolakwika m'thupi,
• kuwopa malo osungika.

Njira zonsezi zimaphatikizidwa chifukwa cha zovuta m'mutu komanso kuvulala kovuta, pomwe wodwalayo sangathe kuwona bwino mosakhazikika kumbuyo ndi kwa odwala akuluakulu.

M'pofunikanso kuganizira kuthekera kwa vuto linalake mukulumikizidwa kwa ubongo kuchokera pa radiation ya x-ray.

Zotsatira

Poyamba, katswiriyo amawunika mtundu wa zithunzi zomwe walandilazo ndipo zitatha izi amazisintha kuti ziwonekere.

Wodwala pambuyo pa CT ndi MRI alandila zikalata:

• makanema apa digito okhala ndi data kanema,
• Chikalata chachikulu ndi protocol yokhala ndi chidziwitso chovomerezeka ndi malingaliro azachipatala.

Pambuyo pa CT, zithunzi zingapo za x-ray zomwe zidatengedwa ndikupempha wa radiologist zitha kuperekedwanso.

Kusankha matenda

Ndi njira iti yodziwitsa momwe mungakondere, CT kapena MRI, pomwe chithunzi cha matendawa ndi kusapezeka kwa ma contraindication chimalola kuphunzira kulikonse? Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo mwini ali ndi ufulu wodziwitsa njira yodziwira matenda.

Amadalira, monga lamulo, pazinthu zotsatirazi:

1. Kuthekera kwa mavuto.
2. Mtengo wazidziwitso, womwe umakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito zomwe zaperekedwa komanso phukusi lomwe lili ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku.
3. Pomwe madera omwe amadziwika ndi omwe amapezeka ndi omwe amawunika ambiri amawunika. Zambiri zokhudzana ndi zipatalazi zitha kupezeka m'malo azachipatala, omwe ali odziwika kwambiri.

Zomwe zimachitika

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matendawa apitirire:

1. Kunenepa kwambiri (kuphatikizapo mahomoni)
2. Matenda a chiwindi
3. Choyipa cha psychoemotional maziko (mavuto a manjenje, kupsinjika kwamphamvu)
4. Kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga
5. Mowa
6. Kusuta
7. Kuthamanga kwa magazi
8. Zosintha zokhudzana ndi zaka

Zizindikiro

Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro zingapo zamatenda zimawonekera (ambiri aiwo ayenera kukukakamizani kuti musanthule pompopompo, chifukwa akuwonetsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa minyewa yaubongo):

• Mutu (nthawi zambiri umachitika ndikusintha kwa thupi)
• Kusokonezeka tulo, kusowa tulo
• Kwambiri kukwiya komanso kusinthasintha kwadzidzidzi

• Kukumbukira kumatha
• Chizungulire pafupipafupi
• Tinnitus
• Amalumikizana minofu komanso kukokana
• Kusakhazikika
• Kuchepa kwa ntchito yogwira
• Kusagwirizana ndi mawu okweza ndi kuwala kowala

Poyamba, kukumbukira kumakulirakulira (pambuyo pamavuto azinthu kapena kuthupi).

Osauka odwala, kuwonjezera pa dementia, matenda a mkati mwa ziwopsezo zam'mimba amawonedwa: arrhythmia, hyperventilation of the kupumula kwa dongosolo.

Magawo otukuka

Pali gulu la matendawa:

Ine digiri (koyambirira):

• Kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo lozungulira magazi (nthawi zambiri kulibe chizindikiro)
• Mutu, unachepetsa kugona komanso chidwi.
• Nkhani zokumbukira zimawonekera

Zovuta pakuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku zimatha kubuka pambuyo pogwira ntchito kwambiri. Ndipo ngati mutasankha chithandizo choyenera, Zizindikiro zimachepa kapena zimatheratu.

Digiri yachiwiri (chofotokozedwa):

• Amasiyana ndi kusintha kwina kwamapangidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito amitsempha yamagazi.
• Kupitilira muyeso pakugwira ntchito ndi malingaliro
• Kutsitsa kukumbukira kukumbukira, kutayika kwake
• Kusowa tulo

Munthu sangathe kugwira ntchito mosalekeza. Zizindikiro zina zamitsempha zimawonekera, kutengera mphamvu ya chotupa cha ubongo.

Digiri ya III (kutchulidwa):

• Kuchepa kwa mtima
• Cerebrovascular kusakwanira
• Kutaya mtima
• Matenda owoneka bwino amanjenje
• Kuwonongeka kwa ubongo
• Psychoses
• Chulukitsani ku luntha la luntha mpaka muyeso wochepa

Pakadali pano, chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwakukulu kwa magazi, malo a necrotic amapangidwa m'malo ena a ubongo. Minofu yolumikizira imalowa m'malo mwa minyewa yaubongo ndipo imapangitsa kuti ntchito zomwe zakhudzidwazi zisinthe. Zotsatira zake ndikulephera kudzichitira nokha ntchito.

Mukakhazikitsa njira yotsogola ya matenda a ubongo, kulumala kumayikidwa.

Zizindikiro

Chachikulu ndikufunsira akatswiri munthawi yake, komabe, kuwunika kwa matenda atherosulinosis kungakutsogolereni kwa dokotala wolakwika. Izi ndichifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana. Ngati mukukayikira kuti chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa chabisala matendawa, ndiye kuti mukuyenera kupita kwa katswiri wamitsempha.

ICD-10 (International Classization of Diseases) idazindikira zazikulu zomwe zimaperekedwa pakuwunika kwa matenda a chithokomiro cha mtima, zimachitika pokhapokha mayeso otsatira:

• Kuphatikizika kwa magazi ndi kusanthula kwa kagayidwe ka mafuta
• Kupenda kwa Ultrasound kwa carotid ndi mitsempha yamkati
• TCD yamatumbo a ziwongo
• Intracerebral angiography
• Electroencephalogram (imakupatsani mwayi wodziwa momwe kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe aubongo)
• MRI (idaganizira njira yabwino kwambiri yodziwira matenda omwe amafunikira)

Mavuto ndi imfa

Imfa chifukwa cha matenda amtundu wa patali samachitika msanga: zimatengera kuchuluka kwa mapangidwe a atherosulinotic plaque (njira yayitali yomwe ingatenge zaka makumi angapo). Komabe, matendawa amapezeka kale m'magawo omaliza, pomwe ndizosatheka kutalikitsa moyo - imfa imachitika msanga.

Izi ndi zomwe zimatsimikiza kufunikira kwa kuwunika pafupipafupi kusintha kwa zinthu zina mthupi ndi njira zoteteza (makamaka mwa anthu achikulire). Kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe munthu wodwala matendawa amatha kukhala ndi moyo kumatengera zambiri.

Ndikotheka kudziwa nthawi yowerengeka ngati mukudziwa kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa ziwonetsero komanso kuwonekera kwa microcirculation. Izi zimathandizira adotolo kuti apange kudalirika kwakukulu.

Ntchito zomwe zilipo sizikutsimikizira kutaya kotsiriza kwa mafupa omwe amadzaza pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi, koma amakupatsani mwayi wosintha kutuluka kwa magazi kwakanthawi.

Njira zochizira

Pali njira zingapo zoyendetsera matendawa: opareshoni, mankhwala. Kuphatikiza apo, wodwalayo ayenera kutsatira zakudya zapadera kuti azikhala ndi cholesterol yabwino. Mu magawo oyamba, matendawa amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsidwa omwe amasintha zizindikiritso zofunika.

Kupewa komanso zakudya zapadera

Kwa matenda amtundu wamtundu ndi mitundu ina ya atherossteosis, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya cha mbewu m'malo mwa mbale zokhala ndi mafuta ambiri: sikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito nyama, ndibwino kusinthana ndi nsomba ndi zakudya zina zam'nyanja. Kuphatikiza pazotsatira zabwino, zili bwino chifukwa zimakhala ndi eicosanoic acid, womwe umathandiza kuchotsa cholesterol.

Ndikofunikanso kudya masamba ambiri, zipatso ndi zitsamba, zokhala ndi mavitamini ambiri. CHIKWANGWANI chimathandizira kuti thupi lichotse poizoni ndi mafuta ochulukirapo.

Mwa zina zoletsa zakudya, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amaphatikiza mafuta ochulukirapo. Ponena zamasamba, ndizofunikira pakuchita bwino kwa ziwalo, chifukwa chake - ziyenera kudyedwa, koma maonekedwe a zipatso (owerengeka). Ndi vuto la shuga, kuwonongeka kwa mtima kumachitika.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapangitsa kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino ndipo zimawonjezera zovuta pakukonzekera matenda a ziwongo a ziwongo.

Magulu otsatira a mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mankhwalawa:

• Ma antiplatelet othandizira omwe amateteza magazi kuwundana pathanthwe
• Zimalepheretsa kutupa m'mitsempha yamagazi
• Otsutsa-yotupa ndi vasodilating othandizira omwe amachepetsa kuphipha ndi kulimbitsa makhoma amitsempha yamagazi
• Mankhwala othandizira kukhala othamanga magazi komanso
• Njira zomwe zimathandizira magazi kulowa mu ubongo, zimachepetsa kufa kwa minofu
• Mankhwala othandizira / othandizira kuti thupi lanu likhale ndi thanzi
• Mankhwala okhala ndi ayodini (amachepetsa mavuto a ischemic)
• Kuchuluka kwa mavitamini monga B2, B6
• Mankhwala a Hypodipidemic omwe amaletsa kupitilira kwa njira ya atherosulinotic (amatengedwa kuti akhale ndi moyo)

Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti mankhwalawa amalembedwa mosamala ndi mankhwala ndipo ayenera kuikidwa ndi katswiri. Ngati chithandizo cha mankhwala sichinapange zotsatira zabwino, kuchitapo kanthu mwadzidzidzi kungafunike.

Kufunika kochita opaleshoni kumatha kuchitika makamaka muzovuta: ngati mankhwalawo amafuta a cholesterol sakanatha kuchepetsedwa pamlingo wovomerezeka kapena zolengeza zimatseka lumen ya chotengera ndi oposa 70%. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chithandizo cha opaleshoni.

Etiology

Multiple sclerosis ndimatenda ambiri. Mdziko lapansi muli odwala pafupifupi 2 miliyoni omwe ali ndi multiple sclerosis, ku Russia - opitilira 150. Mu zigawo zingapo za Russia, zochitika za sclerosis zambiri ndizokwera kwambiri ndipo zimachokera ku 30 mpaka 70 mwa anthu zana lililonse. M'malo akuluakulu ndi m'mizinda yayikulu.

Multiple sclerosis nthawi zambiri amapezeka wazaka makumi atatu, komanso amatha kupezeka mwa ana. Fomu yotsogola yoyamba imakhala yofala kwambiri wazaka pafupifupi 50. Monga matenda ambiri a autoimmune, matenda a sclerosis ochulukirapo amakhala ochulukirapo mwa akazi ndipo amayamba pafupifupi zaka 1-2 m'mbuyomu, pomwe mtundu wovuta wa matendawa umafalikira mwa amuna. Mwa ana, kufalitsidwa ndi jenda kumatha kufikira atatu mwa atsikana mosiyana ndi anyamata. Pambuyo pa zaka 50, chiŵerengero cha amuna ndi akazi omwe ali ndi vuto la sclerosis pafupifupi chimafanana.

Kufalikira kwa ma sclerosis ambiri kumadalira kutalika kwa malo. Mpaka posachedwa, chinali chizolowezi kusiyanitsa madera atatu omwe amasiyana pamilandu ya sclerosis yambiri (G. Kurtzke, 1964, 1980, 1993):

• Chiwopsezo chachikulu - anthu 30 kapena kuposerapo pa anthu 100,000, izi zikuphatikiza zigawo zomwe zili kumpoto kwa zofanana za 30 pamakondomu onse,
• Ngozi yapakati - kuyambira pa 5 mpaka 29 pa anthu 100,000,
• Chiwopsezo chochepa - zochepa zosakwana 5 mwa anthu 100,000.

Chiwopsezo chokhala ndi sclerosis yambiri sichimakhudzana ndi malo okha, komanso ndi a fuko lina, mtundu. Matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri pakati pa anthu amtundu wa Caucasus. Multiple sclerosis ndi osowa ku Japan, Korea, ndi China: kuyambira milandu 2 mpaka 6 pa anthu 100,000 (Y. Kuroiva, L. Kurland, 1982, A. Sadovnick, G. Ebers, 1993).

M'zaka zaposachedwa, pakhala kuwonjezeka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana angapo, onse chifukwa chakuwonjezeka kowonjezereka, komanso chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa kudziwika ndikukula kwa njira zamankhwala. Kupititsa patsogolo moyo wabwino komanso kusintha kwachipatala komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu kumapangitsa kuti odwala azikhala ndi moyo wambiri, zomwe zimapangitsanso kuchuluka kwa kufooka kwamizere yambiri, malire am'malo apakati, apakati komanso otsika amatulutsidwa, komabe, "latency gradient" (kufalikira kwa matendawa kumakulira kuchokera kumwera kupita kumpoto) Zosungidwa bwino.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, pali kusiyana kwakukulu kuzidziwitso za miliri m'magawo omwe ali pafupi kapena mdera lomwelo.

Etiology

Zomwe zimayambitsa multiple sclerosis sizodziwika. Mpaka pano, malingaliro ovomerezedwa kwambiri ndikuti ma sclerosis angapo amatha kuchitika chifukwa chogwirizana ndi zinthu zingapo zakunja ndi zamkati. Zina zosasangalatsa zakunja zimaphatikizapo matenda a virus (mwachitsanzo HHV-6A) komanso / kapena bakiteriya, zotsatira za poizoni ndi ma radiation (kuphatikiza dzuwa), zopatsa thanzi, malo okhalamo, zotsatira zake kwa ana ndizabwino kwambiri, kuvulala, komanso kupsinjika kwapafupipafupi . Kutengera kwa chibadwa cha matenda amtundu wambiri mwina kumalumikizidwa ndi kuphatikiza mitundu ingapo mwa munthu wopatsidwa, zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka makamaka mu dongosolo la Katemera.