C peptides a shuga > Amasanthula

Ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kapamba amathandizira mamolekyulu a proinsulin, omwe amachititsa kuti asungunuke ndi insulin ndi zotsalira za amino acid, yomwe ndi C-peptide.

Chifukwa chake, unyolo wama peptides umawonekera pamene insulin ipangidwa m'thupi. Ndipo kukwera kwambiri komwe kumakhala ndi C-peptides m'magazi, insulin yambiri yogwira ntchito mthupi.

Peptide idalandira "C" chifukwa unyolo wake ndi kapangidwe ka kalatayi. Poyamba, unyolo wa insulin umawoneka ngati ozungulira.

Mu matenda a shuga a mellitus kapena chiwindi, amawunikira ma C-peptides, chifukwa m'mene zikondamoyo zimapangika, insulin imadutsa m'chiwindi, ndipo pomwepo imakhazikika, kulowa m'magazi molakwika. Chifukwa chake, ndizosatheka kudziwa kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe imapangidwa.

Timaperekanso kuwerenga kuti: "Kodi matenda a shuga amawerengedwa bwanji?"

Mukukonzekera kwa insulin, kapamba amatulutsa maziko ake oyambirira - prroinsulin. Muli ma amino acid okwanira 110 omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi A peptide, peptide L, B peptide ndi C peptide.

Gawo laling'ono la L-peptide limasiyanitsidwa ndi prroinsulin ndipo proinsulin imapangidwa, yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi ma enzymes. Pambuyo pa njirayi, C-peptide imadulidwamo, ndipo maunyolo A ndi B amalumikizidwa palimodzi ndi mlatho wosavomerezeka.

Ndi maunyolo awa omwe ali ndi milatho yomwe ndi insulin ya mahomoni.

Onse a insulin ndi C-peptide amamasulidwa kulowa m'magazi ofanana, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pofika mulingo wotsatira akhoza kuweruza mulingo wa insulin m'magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, C-peptide imawonetsa kuchuluka kwa kupanga kwa insulin.

Mlingo wa insulin ndi C-peptide m'magazi nthawi zonse umakhala wosiyana. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti insulin "imakhala" m'mwazi kwa mphindi 4 zokha, ndi C-peptide pafupifupi mphindi 20. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa C-peptide kumakhala kochulukirapo kasanu kuposa kuchuluka kwa insulini.

Peptide yolumikizira (C-peptide) ndi gawo la peptide unyolo wa proinsulin, pa cleavage momwe insulin imapangidwira. Insulin ndi C-peptide ndi zinthu zotsiriza za kusintha kwa proinsulin mu β-cell of pancreatic islets (kapamba) chifukwa chodziwika ndi endoleptidase. Mwanjira imeneyi, insulin ndi C-peptide zimatulutsidwa m'magazi m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.

Hafu ya moyo wa plasma ya C-peptide ndi yayitali kuposa ya insulin: mu C-peptide - mphindi 20, insulin - mphindi 4. Ndi chifukwa cha izi kuti C-peptide imakhalapo m'magazi pafupifupi 5 nthawi ya insulin, motero C-peptide / insulin chiyerekezo ndi 5: 1.

Izi zikusonyeza kuti C-peptide ndi cholembera chokhazikika poyerekeza ndi insulin. Kuchokera pakazungulira, insulin imachotsedwa ndi chiwindi, ndipo C-peptide ndi impso.

Kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa C-peptide m'magazi kumapangitsa kuti mawonekedwe a mabungwe a β-atapangidwenso (pambuyo pakulimbikitsidwa ndi glucagon kapena tolbutamide), makamaka kwa odwala omwe amathandizidwa ndi insulin.

Mankhwala othandiza, kupezeka kwa C-peptide amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adziwe chifukwa cha causative cha hypoglycemia. Mwachitsanzo, mwa odwala omwe ali ndi insulinoma, kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa C-peptide m'magazi kumadziwika.

Kuti mutsimikizire matendawa, kuyesedwa kwa kutsimikizira kwa mtundu wa C-peptide kumachitika. M'mawa, magazi amatengedwa kuchokera kwa wodwala kuti adziwe C-peptide, pambuyo pake insulin imalowetsedwa mwamphamvu kwa ola limodzi pamlingo wa 0.1 U / kg ndipo magazi amatengedwanso kuti aunikidwe.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa C-peptide pambuyo pa kulowetsedwa kwa insulin kutsika ndi ochepera 50%, munthu akhoza kudziwa kukhalapo kwa chotupa cha insulin chotupa mwa wodwala. Kusanthula kwa C-peptide kumakupatsani mwayi wofufuza mwachinsinsi momwe insulin ingagwiritsire ntchito insulin, pamaso pa autoantibodies ku insulin.

C-peptide, mosiyana ndi insulin, siyimapanga ulalo wolumikizana ndi insulin antibodies (AT), yomwe imapangitsa kudziwa mtundu wa insulin ya insulin mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ndi msinkhu wake. Kudziwa kuti mankhwalawa a insulin alibe C-peptide, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwake mu seramu yamagazi ndikotheka kuwunika ntchito za maselo a pancreatic β-odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa C-peptides mu shuga

Zosiyanasiyana za C-peptide assays zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwonetsa matenda oyipa komanso oopsa. Njira za kakhalidwe kawo ndikukonzekera bwino ndikofunikanso kuti akhale ndi zotsatira zoyenera komanso zothandizidwa, mothandizidwa ndi chithandizo chokwanira chamankhwala.

C-peptide: ndi chiyani?

Pofuna kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a wodwala, magazi a venous amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mpandawo umachitika isanachitike komanso itatha, i.e. Pambuyo pa maola 2, munthu akapatsidwa shuga. Komabe, ndikofunikanso kusiyanitsa pakati pa matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin komanso osadalira insulin, ndipo pazifukwa izi maphunziro amachitika pa C-peptides.

C-peptide palokha siyogwira ntchito kwambiri kwachilengedwe, zofunikira zake ndizochepa, koma chizindikiro chake ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin. Zowonadi, ndi kulumpha kosiyanasiyana mu glucose, njira ya proinsulin imasungunuka mu insulin ndipo C-peptide yomweyo imachitika. Njira ya kaphatikizidwe kazinthu izi imapezeka m'maselo a pancreatic.

Zisonyezero zosankha kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa C-peptide

C-peptide, mosiyana ndi insulin, siyimapanga ulalo wolumikizana ndi insulin antibodies (AT), yomwe imapangitsa kudziwa mtundu wa insulin ya insulin mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ndi msinkhu wake. Kudziwa kuti mankhwalawa a insulin alibe C-peptide, ntchito ya ma pancreatic β-cell kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amatha kuyesedwa ndi mulingo wake mu seramu yamagazi. kuchitiridwa ndi insulin.

C-peptide imatanthawuza "kulumikiza peptide", yotanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chingerezi. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kubisika kwa insulin yanu. Zikuwonetsa kukula kwa maselo a pancreatic beta.

Maselo a Beta amatulutsa insulini mu kapamba, komwe imasungidwa ngati ma proinsulin ngati mamolekyulu. M'mamolekyulu amenewa, monga chotsalira cha amino acid, pali chidutswa chomwe chimatchedwa C-peptide.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose, mamolekyulu a proinsulin amaphulika mu peptide ndi insulin. Kuphatikizika kotero kumayendetsedwa m'magazi nthawi zonse kumagwirizana. Chifukwa chake, tanthauzo ndi 5: 1.

Ndiko kusanthula kwa C-peptide komwe kumatipangitsa kuti timvetsetse kuti katulutsidwe (insulin) ya insulini yafupika, komanso kudziwa kuthekera kwa kuwoneka kwa insulinoma, ndiko kuti, chotupa cha pancreatic.

Kuchuluka kwa chinthu kumawonedwa ndi:

insulin yodalira matenda a shuga
kulephera kwa aimpso
kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a mahomoni
insulinoma
beta cell hypertrophy.

Mulingo wochepetsetsa wa c-peptide ndi wodziwika ndi:

insulin yodalira matenda a shuga m'magulu a hypoglycemic,
mavuto.

Kodi kafukufuku amafunika chiyani?

Kusanthula koteroko kumayikidwa pamilandu:

amaganiza kuti matenda a shuga amitundu mitundu,
khansa ya kapamba,
kudziwa kukhalapo / kusapezeka kwa zotupa zosiyanasiyana za chiwindi,
amaganiza kuti ovary ya polycystic mwa azimayi,
kuwunika kwa kukhalapo / kusowa kwa magawo osungidwa a kapamba pambuyo pa ntchito,
kusanthula kwamakhalidwe a thupi mwa achinyamata omwe ali ndi mavuto amtundu wanenepa.

Maphunziro a Laborator makamaka pa C-peptide ali ndi maziko ofunikira:

Choyamba, kusanthula koteroko kumakupatsani mwayi wofufuza kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi, ngakhale ma antibodies a autoimmune alipo mthupi, zomwe zimachitika ndi matenda a shuga a I.
Kachiwiri, theka la zinthuzi limakhala lalitali kuposa la insulini, chifukwa chake izi ndizowonjezereka.
Chachitatu, kusanthula uku kumathandiza kudziwa kupangika kwa insulin ngakhale kukhalapo kwa mahomoni opanga.

Kusanthula uku kumachitika pambuyo pa mgwirizano ndi endocrinologist ngati pali kukayikira kukhalapo kwa matenda a metabolic. Monga lamulo, zitsanzo za magazi zimachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu. Ndibwino ngati munthu sanadye chakudya chilichonse kwa maola 6-8 musanawunike. Akatswiri ambiri amalimbikitsa izi m'mawa, munthu akadzuka.

Pambuyo pobaya mtsempha, magazi ofunikira amatengedwa m'mbale yapadera. Pankhani ya hematomas pambuyo gawo laukadaulo la kusanthula, ma compress ofunda ndi omwe adayikidwa.

Mwazi umadutsa mwa ma centrifuge kotero kuti seramu imalekanitsa, kenako nkuwundana. Zitatha izi, kafukufukuyu amayamba ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma reagents apadera.

Mawonekedwe Akuzindikira

Kuwunikira kwa C-peptide ndiko kutsimikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni gawo la proinsulin mu seramu yamagazi pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya immunochemiluminescent.

Zinthu zoyeserera: seramu (yoyesedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa (pakati pa maola 10-12). Asanayambe mayeso, wodwalayo, ngati kuli kotheka, amalimbikitsidwa kumwa 200-300 ml ya madzi. Imafufuza kawiri pamwezi. Makhalidwe abwinobwino: mwa amuna ndi akazi: kuyambira 5.74 mpaka 60.3 nmol / l (mu seramu). Makhalidwe Abwino:

seramu kapena plasma: 1.1-4.4 ng / ml (pafupifupi 1.96 ng / ml), 0.37-1.47 nmol / L (pafupifupi 0,65 nmol / L),
mkodzo pambuyo maola 24: 17.2-181 mg / 24 h (pafupifupi, 54.8 mcg / maola 24), 5.74-60.3 nmol / 24 h (pafupifupi 18,3 nmol / 24 h) .

Insulin ndi C-peptide ndi mamembala a banja lalikulu lama protein. C-peptide ndiyofunikira pakupanga kapangidwe ka insulin ka 2; chifukwa chake, ndizowonetsera zomwe insulin imapanga mu ma pancreatic β-cell.

Ndi puloteni yomanga mu molekyu ya proinsulin, yomwe imapukusika pomwe proinsulin imasinthidwa kukhala insulin. Makamaka amamangidwa ku nembanemba yama cell osiyanasiyana, imapangitsa kutengera kwa majini ndipo imakhudza chizindikiritso cha kukula kwa zinthu.

Popanga insulin kukana, gawo lofunikira limaseweredwa ndi majini ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, makamaka, kunenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Thupi limayesetsa kuthana ndi vuto losautsa minofuyi ndikuwonjezera kupanga kwa insulini ndi pancreatic β-cell (compensatory hyperinsulinemia - C-peptide ichulukitsidwa).

ZOFUNIKIRA KUDZIWA! Mavuto ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro? Mumangofunika m'mawa uliwonse ...

Compensatory hyperinsulinemia poyamba imatha kuwononga mphamvu ya minofu ya insulin komanso insulin. Ma cell a pancreatic β -s sangatulutse kuchuluka kwa insulin yayitali, amawonongeka pang'onopang'ono.

Kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi am'magazi kumayamba kutsika, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (hyperglycemia) komanso mawonetseredwe azachipatala a mtundu wa 2 shuga.

C-peptide imafufuzidwa kangapo. Akuluakulu amayimiridwa, makamaka, ndi:

mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga,
ngati akuwakayikira kuchepa kwa kupanga kwa insulini ndi maselo a ma pancreatic mu mtundu wa 2 odwala matenda ashuga, omwe lingaliro limapangidwira chithandizo cha insulin,
mwa anthu omwe akuwaganizira kuti ali ndi matenda a shuga - LADA (shuga ya autoimmune atakula),
kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa hyperglycemia,
kudziwa hypoglycemia yovuta kwambiri kapena yobwereza.

Mitengo yochepetsedwa imatha kuwonetsa mtundu wa 1 kapena 2 matenda a shuga, matenda a shuga a LADA, kapena kuponderezana kwa kapangidwe ka insulini pogwiritsa ntchito insulin. Miyezi yotsika ikhoza kuchitika pankhani yanjala, hypoglycemia yopanda thupi, matenda a Addison, hypoinsulinism komanso pambuyo pancreatectomy yotsika.

C-peptide yokwera imatha kuchitika m'magazi a potaziyamu ochepa kwambiri m'mimba nthawi yapakati komanso ngati kunenepa kwambiri.

Mtundu wa insulin uli pa mkono wamfupi wa 11 chromosome. M'masamba a β maselo a pancreatic a Langerhans, jini limagwira ntchito monga masanjidwewo a protein.

Gawo loyamba la insulin biosynthesis ndikupanga prroinsulin, yomwe, motsogozedwa ndi inayake ya prosthesis, imasandulika kukhala proinsulin. Muli peptide unyolo A (zotsalira za 21 amino acid) ndi B (zatsalira 30 amino acid) zamtsogolo za insulin.

Maunyolo onsewa amalumikizidwa ndi mlatho wotchedwa C-peptide wopangidwa ndi zotsalira 35 amino acid. Proinsulin imakhazikika ndi mapuloteni mu C-peptide ndi insulin.

Mu gawo la cleavage, C-peptide imataya ma amino acid 4 ndipo imasungidwa ndikusindikizidwa ngati chingwe chimodzi chokhala ndi amino acid 31.

Kapangidwe ka C-peptide kanapezeka mu 1967, ndipo mpaka zaka chikwi zatsopano, anali kungodziwika ngati chinsinsi cha insulin. Pakadali pano, ntchito zake zamkati zimadziwika zikagwirira zigawo zosiyanasiyana za maselo, zimayambitsa matchulidwe amtunduwu komanso zimakhudza kupanga kwa zinthu zomwe zikukula.

Kuphatikiza apo, m'matumbo ambiri, imayendetsa ntchito ya Na / K-wate ATPase (puloteni ya membrane wamaselo) ndipo, mwa njira yosadziwikiratu, imayang'anira kusiyana mu cell metabolism (metabolism) yoyambitsidwa ndi hyperglycemia.

Zotsatira za C-peptide zitha kufotokozedwa mwachidule m'ndime zotsatirazi:

imakhala ndi zotsatira zake mwachindunji komanso zosakhudza zomwe zimakhudza kusintha kwa mitsempha ndi minyewa.
milingo yayitali imalepheretsa kusokonekera kwa endothelial, kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa albumin kudzera khoma lamitsempha ndikukhala ndi mphamvu ya analgesic,
zikuwonetsedwa kuti C-peptide, ndi chisonyezo cha hyperinsulinemia yoyipa, ndipo kumbali inayo, imateteza mitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha kuchokera ku zoyipa za hyperinsulinemia ndi hyperglycemia.

Njira zowunikira: kuwunikira kumachitika ndi njira ya RIA (kapena ELISA), pali njira zitatu zazikulu zosankhira:

Pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha kukoka kwa glucagon: kufunika kwapansi kumafufuzidwa ndipo pakatha mphindi 6 kuchokera kukondoweza kwa glucagon (1 mg kudzera). Mtengo wachilengedwe wa C-peptide ndi wokulirapo kuposa 600 pmol / L, ndipo pambuyo pokondoweza umachulukiranso kawiri. Mu shuga mellitus, C-peptide imachepa kwambiri pamunsi ndipo sichiyankha kukondoweza.
Kusala kudya ndikudya cham'mawa kwina: phunziroli limachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso mphindi 60 pambuyo pa chakudya cham'mawa chokhazikika, chomwe chiri motere: 100 g mkate, 125 g ya tchizi chochepa mafuta, dzira 1, mutha kumwa tiyi wotentha.
Mu kapangidwe ka PTTG: masampidwe amachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu, kenako pambuyo ponyamula magazi a m'magazi (75 g), nthawi zambiri pambuyo pa mphindi 60 ndi 120, mkati mwa kuyeserera, atha kukhala mphindi 30, 45, 90 ndi 180.

Zinthu zotsatirazi zimatha kusintha tanthauzo la zomwe zikuwonetsa:

chachikulu hyperglycemia,
kulephera kwa aimpso ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa creatinine chilolezo,
hemolysis (hemoglobin

Mawonekedwe

Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti pamimba yopanda kanthu mulingo wa C-peptide ndi wabwinobwino kapena kuwonetsa malire amomwewo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kudziwa nthawi yomaliza. Kufotokozera mayeso olimbikitsidwa.

Kuti mugwiritse ntchito, jakisoni wa glucagon amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kapena asanayesedwe, munthu ayenera kulumwa mopepuka. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti glucagon imaphatikizidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Ngati phunziroli likuchitika pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndiye kuti phunzirolo limaloledwa kumwa madzi ochepa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala aliwonse nkosavomerezeka, chifukwa kumatha kusokoneza zotsatira za kafukufukuyu.

Ngati ndizosatheka kukana kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kapena mankhwalawa pazifukwa, ndiye kuti izi zikuyenera kuwonetsedwa.

Monga lamulo, nthawi yocheperako yokonzekera kusanthula pafupifupi maola atatu.Zinthu zomwe zakonzedwazi ndizoyenera kufufuzidwa kwa miyezi itatu, malinga ngati zosungirazo zili pafupi -20 ° C.

Kusanthula ndi kutanthauzira kwa zotsatira

Zabwinobwino ndizomwe zimakhala ndi C-peptide m'thupi zochuluka 0.78 mpaka 1.89 ng / ml. Njira ya SI imagwira ntchito ndi zizindikiro 0.26-0.63 mmol / L.

Pamlingo wokwera C-peptides nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa:

Matenda a shuga a II
insulinoma
Matenda a Itsenko-Cushing,
kulephera kwa impso
kukhalapo kwa matenda amitsempha kapena chiwindi mitundu,
ovary polycystic,
kunenepa (mtundu wapadera).

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma estrogen pafupipafupi kapena mankhwala ena a horoni kungayambitsenso kuchuluka kwa C-peptide.

Mulingo wotsika zindikirani ngati:

shuga (Type I),
hypoglycemia
pancreatic resection ntchito.

Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti pochepetsedwa, zoopsa zopezeka pamavuto osiyanasiyana zimakulira, zomwe zimati:

mavuto akulu amawonedwe
zotupa zosiyanasiyana pakhungu,
mavuto akulu mu ntchito ya m'mimba, ndipo monga lamulo, impso, chiwindi,
kuwonongeka kwamitsempha ndi mitsempha ya miyendo, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta ndi kudula.

Zotsatira zazotsimikizira kukhalapo / kusowa kwa insulinoma, komanso kusiyana kwake kuchokera ku hypoglycemia yabodza, mapangidwe a C-peptide amaphatikizidwa ndi ubale wawo ku indulin level indices. Kuyerekeza kwa imodzi kapena kuchepera kumawonetsa kuti insulin yamkati imapangidwa mopambanitsa. Ngati Zizindikiro zikupitilira umodzi, ndiye kuti ichi ndi chifukwa cha kulowetsa ndi kukhudzana ndi insulin yakunja.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mfundo za insulin ndi C-peptide zimatha kusintha ngati munthu wapezeka ndi matenda a impso kapena chiwindi.

Malangizo ambiri pokonzekera kusanthula uku

Zinthu zakukonzekera kuperekera kusanthula uku, komanso kuthekera kwa kukhazikitsidwa kwake muzochitika zonse, zimatsimikiziridwa ndi adokotala okha. Pali malingaliro onse pakukwaniritsidwa kwake:

musanayambe kugwira wodwalayo asadye chakudya chilichonse kwa maola 8,
ndibwino kumwa madzi osakhala ndi kaboni wokha, wopanda shuga kapena zosayambitsa zilizonse,
mowa kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo oletsedwa
yesani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena osafunikira ofunika (mukamamwa izi, dziwitsani katswiri),
pewani kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi alionse, yesani kupewa zinthu zovuta kukhala nazo,
yesetsani kupewa kusuta osachepera maola atatu lisanachitike.

Zotsatira za kafukufuku wamakono

Sayansi yamakono siyikuyimirira, ndipo zotsatira za kafukufuku waposachedwa zikuwonetsa kuti C-peptides sikuti amangopanga insulin. Ndiye kuti, mankhwalawa siwothandiza popanda chilengedwe ndipo amatenga nawo mbali, makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a shuga.

Akatswiri ena asayansi akukamba izi kuti kuphatikiza kamodzi kwa insulin ndi peptide mu mtundu II wa shuga kumachepetsa kwambiri zovuta zomwe zingakhalepo, kuphatikizapo:

Matenda aimpso
kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ndi / kapena ziwiya za miyendo.

Kapangidwe kakang'ono ka peptide m'magazi a wodwalayo kungachepetse kuopsa kwa kudalira insulin nthawi zonse.

Ndani akudziwa, mwina mtsogolo moonekeratu padzakhala mankhwala apadera a peptide omwe amathandiza kulimbana ndi kuthana ndi matenda ashuga.

Mpaka pano, zoopsa zonse zomwe zingakhalepo komanso zotsatirapo za chithandizo chotere sichinaganiziridwepo, koma maphunziro osiyanasiyana apamwamba akupitiliza bwino.

Njira yabwino yopezekera ndi zakudya zamafuta ochepa, pomwe osadya siziposa mikate 2.5. Kudya kosalekeza koteroko kumathandizira kuchepetsa kudalira pa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, komanso insulin.

Kuphatikiza apo, munthu sayenera kuyiwala za njira zotsukira zaukhondo, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuyenda pafupipafupi mu mpweya wabwino, kukana mosataya zizolowezi zonse zoyipa, kupewa kupsinjika, kuyendera pafupipafupi ma sanatoriums omwe akuthandizira pa matenda ndi kupewa matenda a endocrine.

C-peptides mu shuga

Ndi mtundu uliwonse wa matenda a shuga, kuyang'anira mkhalidwe wake ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa wodwala.

Izi makamaka ndikuwunika kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Njirayi imatha kuchitika mothandizidwa ndi zida za aliyense payekha - glucometer.

Koma chosafunikanso ndikusanthula kwa C-peptide - chizindikiro cha insulin yopanga thupi ndi chakudya.

Kusanthula koteroko kumachitika kokha mu labotale: njirayi iyenera kuchitidwa pafupipafupi kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a mitundu yonse iwiri.

C-peptide ndi chiyani

Sayansi yamankhwala imapereka tanthauzo motere:

C-peptide ndi chidutswa chokhazikika cha chinthu chopangidwa m'thupi la munthu - proinsulin.

C-peptide ndi insulin zimalekanitsidwa pakapangidwe kotsirizira: motero, mulingo wa C-peptide mosonyeza mwanjira ya insulin.

Kodi C-peptide imapangidwa bwanji m'thupi? Proinsulin, yomwe imapangidwa mu kapamba (ndendende, mu cells-cell of pancreatic islets), ndi unyolo waukulu wa polypeptide wokhala ndi zotsalira 84 amino acid. Mwanjira iyi, thunthu limasowa ntchito ya mahomoni.

Kusintha kwa proinsulin yogwira ntchito kupita ku insulin kumachitika chifukwa chakuyenda kwa ma proinsulin kuchokera ku nthiti mkati mwa maselo kupita kuzinthu zobisika mwa njira ya kuwongolera pang'ono kwa molekyulu. Nthawi yomweyo, zotsalira za 33 amino acid, zomwe zimadziwika kuti cholumikizira peptide kapena C-peptide, zimapukutidwa kuchokera kumapeto kwenikweni kwa tcheni.

M'magazi, motero, mumakhala kuphatikizika pakati pa kuchuluka kwa C-peptide ndi insulin.

Bweretsani ku nkhani

Chifukwa chiyani ndikufunika kuyesedwa kwa C-peptide?

Kuti mumvetsetse bwino mutuwu, muyenera kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake mu mayeso a labotale amachitika pa C-peptide, osati pa insulin yeniyeni.

Kukonzekera kwa insulin yopanda mankhwala kulibe mankhwala a C-peptide, chifukwa chake, kutsimikiza kwa phula ili m'magazi seramu kumatithandiza kuti tidziwe momwe maselo a pancreatic beta amafunikira.

Mlingo wa basal C-peptide, ndipo makamaka kuphatikizika kwa zinthuzi pambuyo popaka shuga, zimapangitsa kudziwa kukhalapo kwa chidwi (kapena kukana) kwa wodwalayo insulin.

Chifukwa chake, magawo akhululukidwe kapena kukhathamiritsa amakhazikitsidwa ndipo njira zochizira zimasinthidwa.

Ndi kuchulukitsa kwa shuga mellitus (makamaka mtundu wa I), zomwe zili mu C-peptide m'magazi ndizochepa: uwu ndi umboni wachindunji wa kuchepa kwa insulin ya mkati (mkati). Kafukufuku wa ndende yolumikizira peptide amalola kuyesa kwa insulin katulutsidwe kosiyanasiyana m'njira zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala.

Chiwerengero cha insulin ndi C-peptide chingasiyane ngati wodwala ali ndi matenda a chiwindi ndi impso.

Insulin imapangidwa makamaka mu chiwindi parenchyma, ndipo C-peptide imachotsedwa kudzera mu impso. Chifukwa chake, zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa C-peptide ndi insulin zingakhale zofunikira pakufotokozera molondola za matenda mu chiwindi ndi impso.

Bweretsani ku nkhani

Kusanthula kwa C-peptide

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa C-peptide nthawi zambiri kumachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu, pokhapokha ngati pali chitsogozo chapadera kuchokera kwa endocrinologist (katswiriyu ayenera kufunsidwa ngati mukukayikira matenda a metabolic). Nthawi yosala kudya musanapereke magazi ndi maola 6-8: nthawi yabwino kwambiri yoperekera magazi ndi m'mawa mutadzuka.

Kuphatikiza kwa magazi pakokha sikosiyana ndi komwe kumakhazikika: mtsempha umakhomeredwa, magazi amatengedwa mu chubu chopanda (nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito chubu ya gel). Ngati hematomas ifala pambuyo kotupa, dokotala amamulembera kutentha. Magazi omwe adatengedwa amayendetsedwa ndi centrifuge, kulekanitsa seramu, ndi chisanu, ndikuwunikiridwa mu labotale pansi pa microscope pogwiritsa ntchito ma reagents.

Njira yabwino yodziwitsira matenda ndikuyesa mayeso awiri:

kusala kudya
zolimbikitsidwa.

Mukamayang'ana m'mimba yopanda kanthu, mumaloledwa kumwa madzi, koma muyenera kupewa kumwa mankhwala omwe angakhudze kulondola kwa zotsatira zake. Ngati mankhwala sangathetsedwe chifukwa chachipatala, izi ziyenera kudziwitsidwa pa fomu yolowera.

Nthawi yocheperako kusanthula nthawi ndi maola atatu. Archiy Whey yosungidwa pa -20 ° C ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa miyezi itatu.

Bweretsani ku nkhani

Kodi ndizomwe zikuwonetsa kusintha kwa C-peptides

Kusintha kwa mulingo wa C-peptide mu seramu kumafanana ndi mphamvu ya kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi. Zinthu zomwe zimasala peptide zimakhala kuyambira pa 0.78 mpaka 1.89 ng / ml (mu dongosolo la SI, 0.26-0.63 mmol / l).

Kwa matenda a insulinoma ndi kusiyana kwake kuchokera ku hypoglycemia yabodza (yowona), kuchuluka kwa C-peptide mpaka mulingo wa insulin kwatsimikizika.

Ngati chiŵerengerochi chiri chofanana ndi chimodzi kapena chochepera pamtengo, izi zikuwonetsa kupangika kwa insulini yamkati. Ngati zizindikirozo ndizoposa 1, uwu ndi umboni wa kuyambitsa kwa insulin yakunja.

Bweretsani ku nkhani

C peptide ntchito

Owerenga atha kukhala ndi funso lomveka: chifukwa chiyani timafunikira ma C-peptides m'thupi?

Mpaka posachedwa, amakhulupirira kuti gawo ili la amino acid ndilosagwira ntchito kwachilengedwe ndipo limapangidwa ndi insulin.

Koma kafukufuku waposachedwa ndi ma endocrinologists ndi akatswiri a matenda ashuga wabweretsa chitsimikizo kuti zinthu sizothandiza konse ndipo zimagwira ntchito m'thupi, makamaka kwa odwala matenda ashuga.

Ndizotheka kuti posachedwa odwala matenda ashuga adzapatsidwa kukonzekera kwa C-peptide limodzi ndi insulin, koma pakadali pano zoopsa zomwe zingachitike ndi zotsatirapo zoterezi sizinatsimikizidwe mwachipatala. Kafukufuku owonjezera pamutuwu ali mkudza.

Bweretsani ku nkhani

C-peptide: kutsimikiza, kutanthauzira kwa kusanthula (chizolowezi)

C-peptide imatanthawuza "kulumikiza peptide", yotanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chingerezi. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kubisika kwa insulin yanu. Zikuwonetsa kukula kwa maselo a pancreatic beta.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose, mamolekyulu a proinsulin amaphulika mu peptide ndi insulin. Kuphatikizika kotero kumayendetsedwa m'magazi nthawi zonse kumagwirizana. Chifukwa chake, tanthauzo ndi 5: 1.

Ndiko kusanthula kwa C-peptide komwe kumatipangitsa kuti timvetsetse kuti katulutsidwe (insulin) ya insulini yafupika, komanso kudziwa kuthekera kwa kuwoneka kwa insulinoma, ndiko kuti, chotupa cha pancreatic.

Kuchuluka kwa chinthu kumawonedwa ndi:

insulin yodalira matenda a shuga
kulephera kwa aimpso
kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a mahomoni
insulinoma
beta cell hypertrophy.

Mulingo wochepetsetsa wa c-peptide ndi wodziwika ndi:

insulin yodalira matenda a shuga m'magulu a hypoglycemic,
mavuto.

Chikhalidwe cha C-peptide ndi kutanthauzira

Chikhalidwe cha C-peptide ndichofanana kwa akazi ndi amuna. Zotsatira sizitengera zaka za odwala ndipo ndi 0,9 - 7.1ng / ml. Malingaliro a ana muzochitika zonse zimatsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala.

Monga lamulo, mphamvu za C-peptide m'magazi zimagwirizana ndi mphamvu ya insulin. Chikhalidwe cha kusala C-peptide ndi 0.78 -1.89 ng / ml (SI: 0.26-0.63 mmol / L).

Kwa ana, malamulo oyendetsera magazi sasintha. Komabe, chinthu ichi mwa mwana pakuwunika pamimba yopanda kanthu chitha kukhala chocheperako poyerekeza ndi malire, popeza C-peptide imasiya maselo a beta m'magazi mukangodya.

Kuti musiyanitse pakati pa insulin ndi hypoglycemia weniweni, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa insulin pazomwe zili ndi C-peptide.

Ngati chiŵerengerochi ndi 1 kapena kuchepera, ndiye izi zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin. Ngati chiŵerengero cha 1 chikuwonjezeka, titha kunena kuti insulin imayendetsedwa kunja.

C-peptide ikhoza kuchuluka ndi:

Hypertrophy yama cell a islets a Langerhans. Madera a Langerhans amatchedwa madera a kapamba momwe insulin imapangidwira,
kunenepa
insulinoma
mtundu 2 shuga
khansa ya kapamba
kutalika kwa QT yapakati,
kugwiritsa ntchito sulfonylureas.

C-peptide imachepetsedwa:

hypoglycemia,
mtundu 1 shuga.

Zambiri mu seramu zitha kuchepa pazifukwa ziwiri:

Matenda a shuga
Kugwiritsa ntchito thiazolidinediones, mwachitsanzo troglitazone kapena rosiglitazone.

Chifukwa cha insulin, kuchepa kwa C-peptide kumatha kuzindikirika. Izi zikuwonetsa kusintha kwa kapamba kuoneka ngati "insulin" yopanga thupi m'thupi.

Komabe, nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti mulingo m'magazi a peptide pamimba yopanda kanthu ndi wabwinobwino kapena pafupifupi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chizolowezi sichinganene mtundu wa matenda ashuga omwe munthu ali nawo.

Kutengera izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichite mayeso apadera olimbikitsidwa kuti chizolowezi kwa munthu wopatsidwa chizidziwike. Phunziroli litha kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito:

Jakisoni wa Glucagon (wokonda insulin), amalembedwa motsimikizika kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa kapena pheochromocytoma,
Mayeso a kulolera a glucose.

Ndikofunika kudutsa zisonyezo ziwiri: kuwunika pamimba yopanda kanthu, komanso kuyesedwa kochokera. Tsopano ma labotale osiyanasiyana amagwiritsa ntchito matanthauzidwe osiyanasiyana a zinthu, ndipo mawonekedwewo ndi osiyana.

Popeza talandira zotsatira za kuwunikirako, wodwalayo amatha kuyerekezera ndekha ndi zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito.

Peptide ndi shuga

Mankhwala amakono amakhulupirira kuti kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa C-peptide bwino kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin kuposa kuyeza insulin yokha.

Ubwino wachiwiri ungatchulidwe chifukwa chakuti mothandizidwa ndi kafukufuku ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa pakati pa insulin (mkati) ya insulin ndi insulin yakunja. Mosiyana ndi insulin, C-peptide siyimayamwa ma antibodies kupita ku insulin, ndipo sawonongeka ndi ma antibodies awa.

Popeza mankhwala a insulin mulibe chinthu ichi, kuphatikiza kwake m'magazi a wodwalayo kumapangitsa kuti kuyesa kuchitika kwa maselo a beta. Kumbukirani: maselo a pancreatic beta amatulutsa insulin.

Mwa munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, momwe zimakhalira ndi C-peptide, makamaka kuphatikiza kwake shuga, zimapangitsa kuti zimvetsetse ngati pali kukana komanso kusazindikira kwa insulin.

Kuphatikiza apo, magawo a chikhululukiro atsimikiza, omwe amakupatsani mwayi wowongolera njira zoyenera. Ngati matenda a shuga achulukitsidwa, ndiye kuti mulingo wa chinthucho sukuwonjezereka, koma kutsitsidwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti insulin yotsalira sikokwanira.

Poganizira zinthu zonsezi, titha kunena kuti kusantakuku kumatipatsa mpata wowunika momwe insulin ingagwiritsidwire ntchito mosiyanasiyana.

Kuwona kuchuluka kwa C-peptide kumaperekanso mwayi wotanthauzira kusinthasintha kwa ndende ya insulin nthawi yake yayitali.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi antibodies kupita ku insulin nthawi zina amatha kukumana ndi C-peptide yabodza chifukwa cha ma antibodies omwe amalumikizana ndi proinsulin. Odwala omwe ali ndi insulinoma ali ndi C-peptide yowonjezereka.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti chisamaliro chapadera chimayenera kulipidwa posintha kuchuluka kwa zinthu mwa anthu atagwira ntchito za insulinomas. C-peptide yapamwamba imawonetsa chotupa kapena metastases yobwereza.

Kafukufuku akufunika pa:

Mitundu yodziwitsa za mitundu mitundu ya matenda a shuga,
Kusankha kwa mitundu yamankhwala
Kusankha mtundu wa mankhwala ndi mankhwala,
Kudziletsa kwa beta cell kusowa,
Matenda a hypoglycemic state,
Kuyesa pakupanga insulin,
Kudziletsa kwa insulin,
Chida chakuwongolera boma atatha kuchotsedwa kwa kapamba.

Mankhwala amakono

Kwa nthawi yayitali, mankhwala amakono akuti chinthucho sichimagwira ntchito zilizonse ndipo chofunikira chokhacho ndichofunikira. Zachidziwikire, zimasiyanitsidwa kuchokera ku molekyulu ya proinsulin ndikutsegulira njira yopita njira ina ya insulin, koma mwina ndizo zonse.

Kodi tanthauzo la C-peptide limatanthauzanji? Pambuyo pazaka zambiri zakufufuza ndi mazana a mapepala asayansi, zidadziwika kuti ngati insulini imaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga limodzi ndi C-peptide, ndiye kuti pali kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa zovuta zovuta za matenda ashuga monga:

nephropathy
mitsempha
matenda ashuga angiopathy.

Za izi pakadali pano, asayansi amatero molimba mtima. Komabe, sichinadziwike molondola njira zoteteza chinthuchi.

Chonde dziwani: Posachedwa, zonena za ma paramedical ziwonetsero kuti amachiza matenda osokoneza bongo chifukwa chobweretsa jakisoni umodzi wambiri tsopano. “Chithandizo” choterocho nthawi zambiri chimakhala chokwera mtengo.

Palibe chifukwa chilichonse chovomerezera izi. Mlingo wa chinthu, kutanthauzira komanso njira zina zochiritsira ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala woyenera.

Inde, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kafukufuku wazachipatala ndi machitidwe. Chifukwa chake, ponena za C-peptide, pamakhala kutsutsana m'magulu azachipatala. Palibe chidziwitso chokwanira pazotsatira zoyipa ndi kuwopsa kwa C-peptide.

Chikhalidwe cha C-peptide m'thupi

Kuzindikira matenda osokoneza bongo kumafuna maphunziro angapo. Wodwala amayesedwa kuti ayesedwe magazi ndi mkodzo wa shuga, mayeso opsinjika ndi shuga.

Mu shuga mellitus, kutsimikiza kwa C-peptide m'mwazi ndikofunikira.

Zotsatira za kuwunikaku zikuwonetsa ngati hyperglycemia ndi chifukwa cha kuperewera kwathunthu kapena wachibale. Zomwe zimawopseza kuchepa kapena kuchuluka kwa C-peptide, tikambirana pansipa.

Pali kusanthula komwe kumatha kuwunikira ntchito yaing'onoting'ono ta Langerhans mu kapamba ndikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa secretion ya mahomoni a hypoglycemic m'thupi. Chizindikiro ichi chimatchedwa cholumikizira peptide kapena C-peptide (C-peptide).

Kasitomala ndi mtundu wanyumba yosungirako mapuloteni okhala ndi mapuloteni. Imasungidwa mu mawonekedwe a proinsulin. Munthu akakweza shuga, proinsulin imagwera mu peptide ndi insulin.

Mwa munthu wathanzi, kuchuluka kwake kuyenera kukhala nthawi zonse 5: 1. Kutsimikiza kwa C-peptide kumawonetsa kuchepa kapena kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga kwa insulin. Poyamba, dokotala amatha kudziwa matenda a shuga, ndipo wachiwiri, insulin.

Kodi kusanthula komwe kumalembedwa kumakhala pati?

Matenda omwe amawunikira:

lembani 1 ndi matenda ashuga 2
matenda osiyanasiyana a chiwindi
ovary polycystic,
zotupa zapachifuwa,
opaleshoni ya kapamba
Cushing's syndrome
kuwunika chithandizo cha mahomoni a matenda a shuga a 2.

Insulin ndi yofunika kwa anthu. Ichi ndiye mahormoni ophatikizidwa mu kagayidwe kazachilengedwe ndi kupanga mphamvu. Kupenda komwe kumatsimikiza kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi sikulondola nthawi zonse.

Zifukwa zake ndi izi:

Poyamba, insulin imapangidwa m'matumbo. Munthu akamadzuka shuga, timadzi timalowa mu chiwindi choyamba. Pamenepo, ina yake imakhazikika, pomwe gawo linalo limagwira ntchito yake ndikuchepetsa shuga. Chifukwa chake, posankha kuchuluka kwa insulini, mulingo uwu nthawi zonse uzikhala wocheperako kuposa kapamba wopangidwa ndi kapamba.
Popeza kutulutsidwa kwakukulu kwa insulin kumachitika mutatha kudya ma carbohydrate, mulingo wake umakwera pambuyo chakudya.
Zolakwika zolakwika zimapezeka ngati wodwala ali ndi matenda a shuga komanso amathandizidwa ndi insulin.

Chifukwa chake, C-peptide sikhala kwina kulikonse ndipo imalowa m'magazi a magazi nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa chake kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa manambala enieni komanso kuchuluka kwake kwa mahomoni omwe amatulutsidwa ndi kapamba. Kuphatikiza apo, phula silimakhudzana ndi zinthu zokhala ndi shuga, ndiye kuti mulingo wake sukulira mutatha kudya.

Kodi kusanthula kumachitika bwanji?

Kudya kwa maola 8 musanatenge magazi kuyenera kukhala kopepuka, osati kokhala ndi zakudya zamafuta.

Ma algorithm ofufuza:

Wodwalayo amabwera pamimba yopanda kanthu m'chipinda choperekera magazi.
Namwino amatenga magazi a venous kwa iye.
Mwazi umayikidwa mu chubu chapadera. Nthawi zina imakhala ndi gelisi yapadera kuti magazi asatenthe.
Kenako chubu chimayikidwa mu centrifuge. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mulekanitse plasma.
Kenako magaziwo amaikidwa mu mufiriji ndipo adakhazikika mpaka -20 madigiri.
Pambuyo pake, kuchuluka kwa peptide kwa insulin m'magazi kumatsimikizika.

Wodwala akakaikiridwa kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga, amapatsidwa mayeso opsinjika. Amakhala mukuyambitsa glucagon wosakhazikika kapena kuyamwa kwa shuga. Ndiye pali muyeso wa shuga wa magazi.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani?

Phunziroli likuwonetsa kapamba, kotero lamulo lalikulu ndikusunga chakudya.

Malangizo apamwamba a odwala omwe amapereka magazi ku C-peptide:

Maola 8 mwachangu musanapereke magazi,
mutha kumwa madzi osakhala ndi kaboni,
Simungamwe mowa masiku ochepa phunzirolo lisanachitike,
chepetsani kupsinjika kwamthupi ndi m'malingaliro,
musasute maola atatu musanayambe kuphunzira.

Mwambo kwa amuna ndi akazi ndi ofanana ndipo umachokera pa 0,9 mpaka 7, 1 μg / L. Zotsatira ndizoyimira zaka komanso jenda. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti m'malo olembetsa osiyanasiyana zotsatira za chizolowezi zimasiyana, chifukwa chake, malingaliro ofunika akuyenera kukumbukiridwa. Izi ndizapakatikati pa labotale ndipo zimakhazikitsidwa atatha kupimidwa anthu athanzi.

Phunziro la kanema pazomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga:

Kodi mulingo pansipa ndi wabwinobwino liti?

Ngati mulingo wa peptide ndi wochepa, ndipo shuga, m'malo mwake, ndiwambiri, ichi ndi chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga. Ngati wodwala ali wang'ono komanso osanenepa, amapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba.

Odwala okalamba omwe ali ndi vuto la kunenepa kwambiri amakhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2 komanso njira yowonongeka. Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo ayenera kuwonetsedwa jakisoni wa insulin.

Kuphatikiza apo, wodwalayo amafunika kumuwunikira kowonjezereka.

kusanthula kwa ndalama
kudziwa momwe zombo zimakhalira ndi zotumphukira zam'munsi,
mtima wa chiwindi ndi impso ntchito.

Ziwalo izi ndi "chandamale" ndipo zimavutika makamaka ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ngati wodwala atatha kumufunsa mavuto ali ndi ziwalo izi, ndiye kuti akufunika kubwezeretsa mwachangu kuchuluka kwa shuga komanso chithandizo chowonjezera cha ziwalo zomwe zakhudzidwa.

Kuchepetsa kwa peptide kumachitika nawonso:

Pambuyo pochita opaleshoni yochotsa gawo limodzi la kapamba,
hypoglycemia yokumba, ndiye kuti, kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi komwe kunayambitsidwa ndi jakisoni wa insulin.

Kodi mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri umakhala wofanana ndi uti?

Zotsatira za kusanthula kamodzi sizingakhale zokwanira, kotero wodwalayo amapatsidwa kuwunika kwinanso kuti athe kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Ngati C-peptide imakwezedwa ndipo palibe shuga, ndiye kuti wodwalayo amapezeka ndi insulin kapena prediabetes.

Pankhaniyi, wodwala safunikanso jakisoni wa insulin, koma amafunika kusintha moyo wake mwachangu. Pewani zizolowezi zoyipa, yambani kusewera masewera ndikudya moyenera.

Milingo yokwezeka ya C-peptide ndi glucose imawonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga 2. Kutengera ndi kuopsa kwa matendawa, mapiritsi kapena jakisoni wa insulin atha kupatsidwa kwa munthuyo. Homoni imayikidwa nthawi yayitali, 1 - 2 pa tsiku. Ngati zonse zofunika zimawonedwa, wodwalayo amatha kupewa jakisoni ndikungokhala pamapiritsi.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonjezereka kwa C-peptide ndikotheka ndi:

insulinoma - chotupa cha kapamba yemwe amapanga insulin yambiri,
insulin kukaniza - mkhalidwe momwe minofu yaumunthu imatha kutaya chidwi ndi insulin,
polycystic ovary - matenda achikazi ophatikizidwa ndi zovuta za mahomoni,
aakulu aimpso kulephera - mwina zobisika zovuta za shuga.

Kutsimikiza kwa C-peptide m'magazi ndikofunikira popenda matenda a shuga ndi zina. Kuzindikiritsa munthawi yake matendawa ndikuthandizira matendawa kumathandiza kukhala ndi thanzi komanso moyo wautali.

Adalimbikitsa Zolemba Zina Zogwirizana

Zachilendo

Nthawi zonse peptides imachokera ku 0,26 kupita ku 0,63 mol / L, ngakhale zigawo zina za muyeso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powunikira. Kuphatikizika kwazinthu mu ma nanograms pamililita imodzi ya magazi amawerengedwa, mwanjira iyi ndi 0.9-7.1 ng / ml. Kusiyana kwakukulu kotereku kwa chizidziwitso chachikulu kumachitika chifukwa anthu ali ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana:

kulemera kwa thupi
zaka
matenda osachiritsika
matenda osiyanasiyana (ARVI, Influenza),
kuchuluka kwa mahomoni.

Mulingo wotsika

Zochepa poyerekeza ndi mulingo wabwinobwino wa C-peptide umawonedwa:

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga
Kupanga hypoglycemia,
Opaleshoni yoyipa yochotsa pancreatic.

C peptide ntchito

Owerenga atha kukhala ndi funso lomveka: chifukwa chiyani timafunikira ma C-peptides m'thupi?

Mpaka posachedwa, amakhulupirira kuti gawo ili la amino acid ndilosagwira ntchito kwachilengedwe ndipo limapangidwa ndi insulin.

Bweretsani ku nkhani

C-peptide: kutsimikiza, kutanthauzira kwa kusanthula (chizolowezi)

C-peptide imatanthawuza "kulumikiza peptide", yotanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chingerezi. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kubisika kwa insulin yanu. Zikuwonetsa kukula kwa maselo a pancreatic beta.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose, mamolekyulu a proinsulin amaphulika mu peptide ndi insulin. Kuphatikizika kotero kumayendetsedwa m'magazi nthawi zonse kumagwirizana. Chifukwa chake, tanthauzo ndi 5: 1.

Ndiko kusanthula kwa C-peptide komwe kumatipangitsa kuti timvetsetse kuti katulutsidwe (insulin) ya insulini yafupika, komanso kudziwa kuthekera kwa kuwoneka kwa insulinoma, ndiko kuti, chotupa cha pancreatic.

Kuchuluka kwa chinthu kumawonedwa ndi:

insulin yodalira matenda a shuga
kulephera kwa aimpso
kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a mahomoni
insulinoma
beta cell hypertrophy.

Mulingo wochepetsetsa wa c-peptide ndi wodziwika ndi:

insulin yodalira matenda a shuga m'magulu a hypoglycemic,
mavuto.

Mawonekedwe Akuzindikira

Kuwunikira kwa C-peptide ndiko kutsimikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni gawo la proinsulin mu seramu yamagazi pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya immunochemiluminescent.

Choyamba, kungokhala kwa insulin, proinsulin, komwe kumapangidwa m'maselo a beta, ndiye kumayambitsa magazi pokhapokha magazi a magazi atakwera pokhazikitsa gawo la protein - C-peptide kuchokera pamenepo.

Mamolekyu a insulin ndi C-peptide amalowa m'magazi ndikuzungulira pamenepo.

Kuti adziwe molakwika kuchuluka kwa insulini yokhala ndi ma antibodies, omwe amasintha zizindikiro, kuwapanga ochepa. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochita kuphwanya kwambiri chiwindi.
Kuti mudziwe mtundu wa matenda am'mimba otsekemera a shuga komanso mawonekedwe a maselo a pancreatic beta posankha njira yamankhwala.
Kuzindikira zotupa za kapamba pambuyo poti amuchotsetse magazi.

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kumayikidwa pa matenda otsatirawa:

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga, momwe mulingo wa mapuloteni umatsitsidwa.
Type 2 shuga mellitus, momwe zizindikiro zake ndizapamwamba kuposa zabwinobwino.
Matenda a shuga amakhala osagwirizana ndi insulin, chifukwa chopanga ma antibodies kuma insulin receptors, pomwe C-peptide index imatsitsidwa.
Mkhalidwe wa postoperative kuchotsa kwa khansa ya pancreatic.
Kusabereka ndi chifukwa chake - polycystic ovary.
Matenda a shuga okomedwa m'mimba (chiwopsezo cha mwana akhoza kufotokozedwa).
Zovuta zingapo pakupanga kapamba.
Somatotropinoma, komwe C-peptide imakwezedwa.
Cushing's Syndrome.

Kuphatikiza apo, kutsimikiza kwa chinthu m'magazi a anthu kuwulula zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a hypoglycemic mu shuga. Chizindikirochi chikuwonjezeka ndi insulinoma, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga.

Phunziro limayikidwa ngati munthu wadandaula:

chifukwa cha ludzu losalekeza
kuchuluka kwamkodzo,
kunenepa.

Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti mukufunitsitsa kudziwa mtundu wa mankhwalawo. Chithandizo chosagwira bwino ntchito chimabweretsa mawonekedwe osachiritsika, nthawi zambiri, pamenepa, anthu amadandaula chifukwa cha kusawona bwino komanso kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa miyendo.

Kuphatikiza apo, zizindikiro za kusagwira bwino kwa impso ndi matenda oopsa zitha kuonedwa.

Kuti muwoneke, magazi a venous amatengedwa mu bokosi la pulasitiki. Pakupita maola asanu ndi atatu musanawunike, wodwalayo sangadye, koma mutha kumwa madzi.

Ndikofunika kuti musasute fodya komanso kuti musapanikizike kwambiri mutatsala maola atatu kuti muchite izi. Kuwongolera kwa insulin mankhwala ndi endocrinologist nthawi zina kumafunika. Zotsatira zakuwunika zitha kudziwika patatha maola atatu.

Chikhalidwe cha C-peptide ndi kutanthauzira

Chikhalidwe cha C-peptide ndichofanana kwa akazi ndi amuna. Zotsatira sizitengera zaka za odwala ndipo ndi 0,9 - 7.1ng / ml. Malingaliro a ana muzochitika zonse zimatsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala.

Monga lamulo, mphamvu za C-peptide m'magazi zimagwirizana ndi mphamvu ya insulin. Chikhalidwe cha kusala C-peptide ndi 0.78 -1.89 ng / ml (SI: 0.26-0.63 mmol / L).

Kuti musiyanitse pakati pa insulin ndi hypoglycemia weniweni, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa insulin pazomwe zili ndi C-peptide.

Ngati chiŵerengerochi ndi 1 kapena kuchepera, ndiye izi zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin. Ngati chiŵerengero cha 1 chikuwonjezeka, titha kunena kuti insulin imayendetsedwa kunja.

C-peptide ikhoza kuchuluka ndi:

Hypertrophy yama cell a islets a Langerhans. Madera a Langerhans amatchedwa madera a kapamba momwe insulin imapangidwira,
kunenepa
insulinoma
mtundu 2 shuga
khansa ya kapamba
kutalika kwa QT yapakati,
kugwiritsa ntchito sulfonylureas.

C-peptide imachepetsedwa:

hypoglycemia,
mtundu 1 shuga.

Zambiri mu seramu zitha kuchepa pazifukwa ziwiri:

Matenda a shuga
Kugwiritsa ntchito thiazolidinediones, mwachitsanzo troglitazone kapena rosiglitazone.

Chifukwa cha insulin, kuchepa kwa C-peptide kumatha kuzindikirika. Izi zikuwonetsa kusintha kwa kapamba kuoneka ngati "insulin" yopanga thupi m'thupi.

Kutengera izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichite mayeso apadera olimbikitsidwa kuti chizolowezi kwa munthu wopatsidwa chizidziwike. Phunziroli litha kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito:

Jakisoni wa Glucagon (wokonda insulin), amalembedwa motsimikizika kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa kapena pheochromocytoma,
Mayeso a kulolera a glucose.

Popeza talandira zotsatira za kuwunikirako, wodwalayo amatha kuyerekezera ndekha ndi zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito.

Peptide ndi shuga

Mankhwala amakono amakhulupirira kuti kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa C-peptide bwino kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin kuposa kuyeza insulin yokha.

Popeza mankhwala a insulin mulibe chinthu ichi, kuphatikiza kwake m'magazi a wodwalayo kumapangitsa kuti kuyesa kuchitika kwa maselo a beta. Kumbukirani: maselo a pancreatic beta amatulutsa insulin.

Mwa munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, momwe zimakhalira ndi C-peptide, makamaka kuphatikiza kwake shuga, zimapangitsa kuti zimvetsetse ngati pali kukana komanso kusazindikira kwa insulin.

Poganizira zinthu zonsezi, titha kunena kuti kusantakuku kumatipatsa mpata wowunika momwe insulin ingagwiritsidwire ntchito mosiyanasiyana.

Kuwona kuchuluka kwa C-peptide kumaperekanso mwayi wotanthauzira kusinthasintha kwa ndende ya insulin nthawi yake yayitali.

Kafukufuku akufunika pa:

Mitundu yodziwitsa za mitundu mitundu ya matenda a shuga,
Kusankha kwa mitundu yamankhwala
Kusankha mtundu wa mankhwala ndi mankhwala,
Kudziletsa kwa beta cell kusowa,
Matenda a hypoglycemic state,
Kuyesa pakupanga insulin,
Kudziletsa kwa insulin,
Chida chakuwongolera boma atatha kuchotsedwa kwa kapamba.

Mankhwala amakono

nephropathy
mitsempha
matenda ashuga angiopathy.

Za izi pakadali pano, asayansi amatero molimba mtima. Komabe, sichinadziwike molondola njira zoteteza chinthuchi.

Palibe chifukwa chilichonse chovomerezera izi. Mlingo wa chinthu, kutanthauzira komanso njira zina zochiritsira ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala woyenera.

Inde, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kafukufuku wazachipatala ndi machitidwe. Chifukwa chake, ponena za C-peptide, pamakhala kutsutsana m'magulu azachipatala. Palibe chidziwitso chokwanira pazotsatira zoyipa ndi kuwopsa kwa C-peptide.

Chikhalidwe cha C-peptide m'thupi

Kuzindikira matenda osokoneza bongo kumafuna maphunziro angapo. Wodwala amayesedwa kuti ayesedwe magazi ndi mkodzo wa shuga, mayeso opsinjika ndi shuga.

Mu shuga mellitus, kutsimikiza kwa C-peptide m'mwazi ndikofunikira.

Zotsatira za kuwunikaku zikuwonetsa ngati hyperglycemia ndi chifukwa cha kuperewera kwathunthu kapena wachibale. Zomwe zimawopseza kuchepa kapena kuchuluka kwa C-peptide, tikambirana pansipa.

Pali kusanthula komwe kumatha kuwunikira ntchito yaing'onoting'ono ta Langerhans mu kapamba ndikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa secretion ya mahomoni a hypoglycemic m'thupi. Chizindikiro ichi chimatchedwa cholumikizira peptide kapena C-peptide (C-peptide).

Kasitomala ndi mtundu wanyumba yosungirako mapuloteni okhala ndi mapuloteni. Imasungidwa mu mawonekedwe a proinsulin. Munthu akakweza shuga, proinsulin imagwera mu peptide ndi insulin.

Kodi kusanthula komwe kumalembedwa kumakhala pati?

Matenda omwe amawunikira:

lembani 1 ndi matenda ashuga 2
matenda osiyanasiyana a chiwindi
ovary polycystic,
zotupa zapachifuwa,
opaleshoni ya kapamba
Cushing's syndrome
kuwunika chithandizo cha mahomoni a matenda a shuga a 2.

Zifukwa zake ndi izi:

Poyamba, insulin imapangidwa m'matumbo. Munthu akamadzuka shuga, timadzi timalowa mu chiwindi choyamba. Pamenepo, ina yake imakhazikika, pomwe gawo linalo limagwira ntchito yake ndikuchepetsa shuga. Chifukwa chake, posankha kuchuluka kwa insulini, mulingo uwu nthawi zonse uzikhala wocheperako kuposa kapamba wopangidwa ndi kapamba.
Popeza kutulutsidwa kwakukulu kwa insulin kumachitika mutatha kudya ma carbohydrate, mulingo wake umakwera pambuyo chakudya.
Zolakwika zolakwika zimapezeka ngati wodwala ali ndi matenda a shuga komanso amathandizidwa ndi insulin.

Kodi kusanthula kumachitika bwanji?

Kudya kwa maola 8 musanatenge magazi kuyenera kukhala kopepuka, osati kokhala ndi zakudya zamafuta.

Ma algorithm ofufuza:

Wodwalayo amabwera pamimba yopanda kanthu m'chipinda choperekera magazi.
Namwino amatenga magazi a venous kwa iye.
Mwazi umayikidwa mu chubu chapadera. Nthawi zina imakhala ndi gelisi yapadera kuti magazi asatenthe.
Kenako chubu chimayikidwa mu centrifuge. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mulekanitse plasma.
Kenako magaziwo amaikidwa mu mufiriji ndipo adakhazikika mpaka -20 madigiri.
Pambuyo pake, kuchuluka kwa peptide kwa insulin m'magazi kumatsimikizika.

Wodwala akakaikiridwa kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga, amapatsidwa mayeso opsinjika. Amakhala mukuyambitsa glucagon wosakhazikika kapena kuyamwa kwa shuga. Ndiye pali muyeso wa shuga wa magazi.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani?

Phunziroli likuwonetsa kapamba, kotero lamulo lalikulu ndikusunga chakudya.

Malangizo apamwamba a odwala omwe amapereka magazi ku C-peptide:

Maola 8 mwachangu musanapereke magazi,
mutha kumwa madzi osakhala ndi kaboni,
Simungamwe mowa masiku ochepa phunzirolo lisanachitike,
chepetsani kupsinjika kwamthupi ndi m'malingaliro,
musasute maola atatu musanayambe kuphunzira.

Phunziro la kanema pazomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga:

Kodi mulingo pansipa ndi wabwinobwino liti?

Odwala okalamba omwe ali ndi vuto la kunenepa kwambiri amakhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2 komanso njira yowonongeka. Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo ayenera kuwonetsedwa jakisoni wa insulin.

Kuphatikiza apo, wodwalayo amafunika kumuwunikira kowonjezereka.

kusanthula kwa ndalama
kudziwa momwe zombo zimakhalira ndi zotumphukira zam'munsi,
mtima wa chiwindi ndi impso ntchito.

Kuchepetsa kwa peptide kumachitika nawonso:

Pambuyo pochita opaleshoni yochotsa gawo limodzi la kapamba,
hypoglycemia yokumba, ndiye kuti, kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi komwe kunayambitsidwa ndi jakisoni wa insulin.

Kodi mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri umakhala wofanana ndi uti?

Zotsatira za kusanthula kamodzi sizingakhale zokwanira, kotero wodwalayo amapatsidwa kuwunika kwinanso kuti athe kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Ngati C-peptide imakwezedwa ndipo palibe shuga, ndiye kuti wodwalayo amapezeka ndi insulin kapena prediabetes.

Pankhaniyi, wodwala safunikanso jakisoni wa insulin, koma amafunika kusintha moyo wake mwachangu. Pewani zizolowezi zoyipa, yambani kusewera masewera ndikudya moyenera.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonjezereka kwa C-peptide ndikotheka ndi:

insulinoma - chotupa cha kapamba yemwe amapanga insulin yambiri,
insulin kukaniza - mkhalidwe momwe minofu yaumunthu imatha kutaya chidwi ndi insulin,
polycystic ovary - matenda achikazi ophatikizidwa ndi zovuta za mahomoni,
aakulu aimpso kulephera - mwina zobisika zovuta za shuga.

Adalimbikitsa Zolemba Zina Zogwirizana

C-peptides mu shuga mellitus: mtundu 1, mtundu 2, shuga (zomwe mungachite ngati mutakweza) kuwunika, chizolowezi, chithandizo

C-peptides ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ma cell a beta ndipo zimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin mthupi. Kusanthula kwa C-peptides kumawerengera odwala matenda a shuga kuti adziwe momwe mawonekedwe (mtundu 1 kapena mtundu 2) wa matendawa amakhalira ndi zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga mellitus.

Kodi C-peptides ndi chiyani

Ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kapamba amathandizira mamolekyulu a proinsulin, omwe amachititsa kuti asungunuke ndi insulin ndi zotsalira za amino acid, yomwe ndi C-peptide.

Chifukwa chake, unyolo wama peptides umawonekera pamene insulin ipangidwa m'thupi. Ndipo kukwera kwambiri komwe kumakhala ndi C-peptides m'magazi, insulin yambiri yogwira ntchito mthupi.

Peptide idalandira "C" chifukwa unyolo wake ndi kapangidwe ka kalatayi. Poyamba, unyolo wa insulin umawoneka ngati ozungulira.

Mu matenda a shuga a mellitus kapena chiwindi, amawunikira ma C-peptides, chifukwa m'mene zikondamoyo zimapangika, insulin imadutsa m'chiwindi, ndipo pomwepo imakhazikika, kulowa m'magazi molakwika. Chifukwa chake, ndizosatheka kudziwa kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe imapangidwa.

Kodi kusanthula bwanji?

Kuchulukitsa kwa C-peptide kwa wodwala kumasiyana pang'ono ndi kuyesa kwa magazi komwe kumachitika.

Magazi amatengedwa kuchokera mu mtsempha kuti ayesere ma peptides, ndipo popeza chakudya chimakhudza mwachindunji kupanga insulin, magazi amaperekedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Mgonero uyenera kukhala wa maola 6-8 musanawunike.

Zoletsedwa pasanachitike kafukufuku:

kumwa mowa
kusuta
imwani mankhwala a mahomoni (ngati siofunika kuti mukhale athanzi),
idyani chokoleti kapena mitundu ina ya maswiti.

Nthawi zina kuwunika pamimba yopanda kanthu sikupereka deta yolondola, chifukwa chake dokotala amakupangira njira zolimbikitsira pazotsatira zolondola. Zina mwa zinthuzi ndi monga:

chakudya cham'mawa chokhazikika chomwe chimakhala ndi chakudya chamafuta (mkate Woyera, mzere, mapira), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale insulin, motero, C-peptides,
glucagon jakisoni ndi insulin antagonist (njirayi imapangidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa), imawonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Wodwalayo amalandila zotsatira osapitirira maola 3 mutalandira magazi. Nthawi imeneyi imatha kuwonjezeka, chifukwa kuwunikira kwa C-peptide sikuchitika m'magawo onse azachipatala ndipo kungafunike kutumizidwa kumalo ophunzirira oyenerera kwambiri. Nthawi yodikira yokhazikika ndi masiku 1-3 kuyambira tsiku la kusanthula.

Patsiku la kusanthula, muyenera kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse yamankhwala. Ngati kukana kumabweretsa chiwopsezo chamoyo kapena thanzi, ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi dokotala yemwe adakulangizani mankhwalawa.

Zachilendo

kulemera kwa thupi
zaka
matenda osachiritsika
matenda osiyanasiyana (ARVI, Influenza),
kuchuluka kwa mahomoni.

Mulingo wokwera

Mlingowo umakulitsidwa ngati chizindikirocho ndichoposa 0.63 mol / l (kuposa 7.1 ng / ml). Kuchulukitsa kwa ma peptides kumawonedwa ndi:

lembani 1 ndi matenda ashuga 2
kukomoka kwa adrenal,
kuphwanya dongosolo la endocrine,
kunenepa kwambiri (kunenepa kwambiri),
kusalinganika kwa mahomoni (mwa akazi mokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zakulera),
kuchuluka kwa mahomoni (chibadwa chamtundu wamphongo pakutha msambo),
insulinoma (mapangidwe owopsa),
matenda a kapamba
matenda a chiwindi.

Mulingo wotsika

Mlingo wa C-peptides umachepetsedwa ngati chisonyezo chimakhala chochepera 0.26 mol / l (mochepera 0.9 ng / ml).

Zomwe zimapezeka m'munsi mwa peptide zimawonetsa zovuta za mtundu 1 wa shuga monga:

matenda ashuga retinopathy (kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya za maso),
kuwonongeka kwamitsempha yamitsempha ndi mitsempha yamagazi m'miyendo (chiopsezo chotenga matenda am'mimba ndikucheka kwa malekezero am'munsi),
matenda a impso ndi chiwindi (nephropathy, hepatitis),
matenda a diabetesic dermopathy (malo ofiira kapena mapepala okhala ndi masentimita 3-7 pamiyendo).

Udindo wa peptides mu shuga

Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi endocrinologists a C-peptides amawonetsa zabwino za amino acid unyolo, womwe umasintha mkhalidwe wa odwala matenda ashuga. Ndi kufanana kwa C-peptides ndi insulin kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, kusintha kwabwino kumawonedwa, monga:

kuchepa kwa pafupipafupi matenda a nephrosis (kuwonongeka kwa impso ndi kusintha kwamizeremizere mu aimpso tubules),
kuchepa kwa chiwopsezo cha neuropathy (kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yopanda kutupa),
kukhala bwino
kuchepa pafupipafupi kwa kuukiridwa.

Chifukwa chake, ma peptides amagwira ntchito zokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka insulin mthupi, mawonekedwe awo amatha kuthandiza mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo.

Kufunika kowunika pa C-peptides ndikofunikira pa:

Matanthauzidwe amtundu wa matenda ashuga.
Kusankha koyenera kwa mankhwala ndi njira yothandizira.
Kupeza kufooka kwa beta.
Kuyan'ana mkhalidwe wa wodwala pambuyo pochotsa kapamba.

Kuwunikira koyenera kwa C-peptides kumatha kupereka zambiri kuposa maphunziro ena amthupi pazinthu za insulin.

C peptide: kusanthula, miyambo, kusintha

C (C) peptide, ngati mutanthauzira dzinali kuchokera ku Chingerezi, limatanthawuza peptide yolumikizira. Zimawonetsa mseru wa secretion ndipo ndi chisonyezo cha magwiridwe antchito a maselo a pancreatic. Maselo omwe ali pamwambawa ndiofunikira kuti apange insulin.

Matenda a Peptide ndi shuga

Akatswiri azachipatala amakono amakhulupirira kuti kusanthula kwa peptide kumayankha funso lokhudza insulin mosamalitsa kuposa kusanthula kwa insulin. Izi zitha kutchedwa imodzi mwazinthu zabwino zakusanthula uku.

Ubwino wachiwiri ndikuti kusanthula koteroko kumapangitsa kuti kuzindikire mosavuta kusiyana pakati pa insulin ndi insulin. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti C - peptide ilibe vuto ndi ma insulin antibodies ndipo sangawonongeke ndi iwo.

Popeza mankhwalawa alibe chinthu cha peptide pamaudindo awo, kuwunikaku kudzapereka chidziwitso pakugwira ntchito kwa maselo a beta mthupi la munthu. Musaiwale kuti ndi ma cell a beta omwe ali ndi vuto lopanga insulin.

Ngati munthu akudwala matenda ashuga, kuyesa kwa C - peptide kumapereka chidziwitso pakumverera komanso kukana kwa thupi ku insulin.

Komanso, potengera kusanthula, ndikotheka kudziwa magawo omwe kuchotsereredwa, izi zidzakuthandizani kuti mupeze njira yabwino yothandizira. Ndi kuchulukitsa kwa matenda a shuga, kuchuluka kwa ndende m'mitsempha yamagazi kumakhala kotsika. Chifukwa chake, titha kunena kuti insulin ya insulin m'thupi sikokwanira.

Ngati mumaganizira zinthu zonsezi, mutha kuwunika kuchuluka kwa insulin m'malo osiyanasiyana. Ngati wodwala ali ndi antibodies kupita ku insulin, nthawi zina kuchuluka kwa C - peptide mwina kungangowonjezereka. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuchita kwa maselo ndi proinsulin.

Ndikofunika kulabadira kuchuluka kwa C - peptide m'mitsempha yamagazi pambuyo pakuchita insulinoma. Pankhaniyi, kuchuluka kwa peptide chinthu kukuwonetsa kuyambiranso kwa chotupa cha vuto linalake kapena njira ya metastasis. Musaiwale kuti mulingo wa C - peptide ungasiyane ndi zomwe zimachitika pazochitika za kapamba kapena impso.

Chifukwa chiyani maphunziro pa C - peptide amafunikira?

Kuwunikaku ndikudziwa mtundu wa matenda ashuga.

Kusanthula kumathandizira kudziwa njira yamankhwala.

Sankhani za kuchuluka komanso mankhwalawa.

Kuwunikaku kudzapereka chidziwitso pazomwe zimakhala za beta mu kapamba,

Zambiri zakukula kwa insulin kumawonekera.

Mutha kuwongolera C peptide mutachotsa kapamba.

Chifukwa chiyani C peptide ikufunika?

Kwa nthawi yayitali, akatswiri azachipatala amati thupi siligwiritsa ntchito peptide mwanjira iliyonse ndipo madokotala amangofunika peptide kuti adziwe zovuta za matenda a shuga.

Posachedwa, akatswiri azachipatala apeza kuti kupaka peptide ndi insulin kumachepetsa kwambiri vuto la matenda a shuga, monga neuropathy, angiopathy ndi nephropathy.

Kutsutsana komwe kukuchitikabebebe pankhaniyi. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti umboni wazomwe zimapangitsa peptide zinthu pazomwe zimayambitsa zovuta sizinakhazikitsidwe. Pakadali pano, izi zidakali zachilendo.

Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi matenda a shuga, simukuyenera kuvomereza kuchira pompopompo ndi jakisoni imodzi, yomwe imaperekedwa ndi anthu omwe si akatswiri azachipatala oyenerera. Njira yonse ya chithandizo iyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi adokotala.

Mungapezenso zolemba zothandiza pamutuwu:

C peptide ndi chiyani?

Mlingo wa C-peptide womwe umatulutsidwa pang'ono m'magazi ndi insulini umatha kuyezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera zodziwonera. Poyerekeza ndi kutsimikiza kwamphamvu kwa insulini, kafukufukuyu ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi kukhazikika kwakukuru kwamankhwala osokoneza bongo. Magetsi a C-peptide amalumikizana mwachindunji ndi mulingo wa insulin.

Kuphatikiza pa kufunikira kwake kodziwitsa, C-peptide imakhalanso ndi zake mu kagayidwe ka cell malinga ndi zotsatira zaposachedwa. Amamangirira ma receptors omwe amagwirizana ndi G-protein pama cell membrane a ma cell angapo (ma neurons kapena maselo endothelial) ndipo potero imayambitsa njira zina zowonetsera ma intracellular. Mu kliniki maphunziro ndi nyama yomwe ili ndi matenda a shuga 1, makonzedwe a C-peptide amasintha ntchito yaimpso ndi zizindikiro za matenda a shuga.

Kuyesa kwa magazi a C-peptide: chifukwa ninji kumafunikira?

C-peptide imagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira zotupa za shuga ndi zotupa za insulin. C-peptides amathandiza kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa hypoglycemia.

Anthu ambiri amafunsa: Kodi kusanthula uku kukuwonetsa chiyani? C-peptide ndi insulin ndi ma peptide maunyolo omwe amapangidwa ndi kutsegulira ndi kugawa kwa proinsulin (cholengedwa choyambirira cha insulin). Thupi likafuna insulin, limatulutsidwa m'magazi kuti lithandizire kusamutsa glucose (monga zida zopangira mphamvu) kuma cell amthupi, pomwe kuchuluka kwa C-peptide kumasulidwa.

Kuyesa kwa C-peptide kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyerekeza kumasulidwa kwa amkati a insulin (insulin yopangidwa ndi ma cell a B m'thupi). Nthawi zambiri, zitsanzo zamagazi zimapezeka kuchokera ku mitsempha ya brachial. Ngati kuwunika kwa maola 24 kukufunika, mkodzo uzisonkhana pasanathe maola 24.

Peptides ndi mankhwala a shuga

GLP-1 ndi mahomoni omwe amapangidwa m'maselo apadera a mucosa yamatumbo. Hormoni imamasulidwa mutatha kudya - makamaka mutatha shuga. Imagwira pakhungu la kapamba ndipo imachita zinthu ziwiri:

Kuchulukitsa katulutsidwe ka insulin kuchokera ku maselo a pancreatic B,
Amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa glucagon synthesis, omwe amapangidwa m'maselo a pancreatic ndipo ndi insulin antagonist.

Zinawonetsedwa kuti glucose amadalira insulinotropic polypeptide (HIP) alibe mphamvu yolimbikitsira kutulutsidwa kwa insulin ndi shuga wokwera m'magazi. GLP-1 siyothandiza kwenikweni m'mayendedwe ashuga kuposa anthu athanzi. Komabe, GLP-1 yokha idasinthika kwambiri ikagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwa dipeptidyl peptidase 4 ndi ma enzyme motero, ndi yochepa kwambiri.

Exenatide yawonetsedwanso kuti muchepetse thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, zidapezeka kuti chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali chokhala ndi incretin mimetics ndi IDDP-4 chitha kuteteza maselo a beta kuti asawonongeke. Zotsatira zamakalasi onse a mankhwalawa zimatengera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, hypoglycemia ndiyosowa kwambiri.

Chifukwa cha mankhwalawa, insulin yambiri imamasulidwa, ndipo imatha kukhalabe yogwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Peptide yachilengedwe imakhazikika kwa mphindi 1 mpaka 2 ndi pulotidyl peptidase-4 ya enzyme. Chifukwa chake, GLP-1 imatha kuchitapo kanthu kwakanthawi kochepa kwambiri. Kutalikitsa kuchitikira kwa GLP-1, mankhwala adapangidwa omwe amalepheretsa kuchepa kwa enzyme DPP-4. Mankhwalawa akuphatikizapo sitagliptin ndi vildagliptin, omwe amatchedwanso DPP-4 inhibitors.

Mankhwala amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati wodwala apanga insulin yokwanira. Zotsatira zimatengera chakudya. Pazifukwa izi, ma inhibitors nthawi zambiri samayambitsa hypoglycemia. Kuopsa kwa hypoglycemia kumakhala kochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi othandizira ena odwala matenda ashuga.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali mgululi amalekerera bwino ndipo amakhala ndi zovuta zochepa. Amayambitsa kutsitsimuka pang'onopang'ono m'mimba komanso kuchepa kwa njala. Chifukwa chake, sizitsogolera kulemera. Kuopsa kwa hypoglycemia kumakhala kotsika. Odwala ena anali ndi mphuno, mmero, mutu ndi kupweteka kwa thupi, komanso m'mimba. Maphunziro a kulekerera kwa nthawi yayitali sanasindikizidwebe.

Mankhwala akuluakulu a peptide omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda ashuga:

Liraglutide: Mu Julayi 2009, mankhwalawa adavomerezeka pochizira kunenepa kwambiri komanso matenda a shuga. Kutalika kwa nthawi mpaka maola 24,
Exenatide: kapangidwe ka polypeptide kameneka kanachitika molingana ndi mtundu wa exendin-4 wopezeka malovu a Arizona dzinofish. Mu Epulo 2005, United States idavomereza lingaliro la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa limodzi ndi metformin kapena glitazones. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati jakisoni wa sabata iliyonse.
Albiglutide: wakhala ali pamsika ku Russia kuyambira Okutobala 2014. Chavomerezedwa ku matenda a shuga monotherapy,
Dulaglutide: wogulitsa pamsika wogulitsa mankhwala ku Russia kuyambira February 2015. Mlingo komanso jekeseni mlungu uliwonse,
Taspoglutide: analogue ya GLP-1 idapangidwa kumapeto kwa 2009. Mu Seputembala 2010, Roche adalengeza kuti maphunziro onse omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwalawa adatha. Izi zinali pang'ono chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe sizigwirizana komanso pafupipafupi m'matumbo am'mimba, makamaka nseru komanso kusanza.

Mtengo wamankhwala umasiyanasiyana: kuchokera ku 5,000 mpaka 32,000 ma ruble aku Russia.

Uphungu! Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga m'magazi amayenera kumwedwa mosamala malinga ndi zomwe dokotala wakupatsani. Ngati zizindikiro za hypoglycemia (shuga wotsika) zimapezeka nthawi ndi nthawi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muuzeni dokotala. Mwanayo saloledwa kupereka mankhwala omwe ali pamwambapa, chifukwa maphunziro azachipatala mwa ana sanachitike.

Peptides amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera glycemia. Muzochita zamankhwala, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ndi biomarkers a matenda osiyanasiyana. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mumwa mankhwalawa moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala, ndipo ngati sizikudziwika komanso ngati zizindikiro zowopsa, muyenera kulumikizana ndi katswiri kuti mupewe zovuta.