Zakudya zoyenera moyenera, kapena momwe mungawerengere magawo a mkate

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda a endocrine system, momwe mumakhala kuphwanya mayamwidwe a shuga ndi thupi. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amayenera kuyang'anira kudya kwawo nthawi zonse, kuti asasokoneze zakudya. Makamaka, musanadye, ndikofunikira kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu omwe mungadye. Kuti mudziwe bwino kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri m'thupi, magawo a mkate ndi matebulo apadera a matenda ashuga amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Tchati cha anthu odwala matenda ashuga chakonzedwa ndi katswiri wazakudya Karl Noorden wochokera ku Germany kuti azilingalira zakudya zopezeka muzakudya zomwe zidadyedwa. Gwiritsani ntchito magawo a mkate kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi kwa zaka zamakumi awiri.

Matenda Ogulitsa Odwala

Choyamba tiyeni tidziwe kuti mkate ndi chiyani. Gulu limodzi la mkate limafanana ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chopezeka m'magalamu makumi awiri ndi asanu a mkate. Zakudya zomanga thupi, zomwe zimatengeka mosavuta ndi thupi, zimakhala ndi magalamu khumi ndi awiri mmenemo, mulingo womwewo muli supuni imodzi ya shuga. Sankhani magawo a mkate - XE. Kuwerenga momwe anthu amamwa XE kumawonjezera kuti kuchuluka kwa insulin kolondola.

Mukamagula chakudya m'masitolo, mudzawona nambala yomwe yasankhidwa pamaphukusi omwe akuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu mu magalamu zana. Kuwerengera kwa magawo a mkate ndi motere: manambala omwe amapezeka agawidwa ndi 12. Anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito tebulo lapadera powerengera. Kudya caloric pa chiwerengero cha XE chomwe chili mmenemo.

Gome la zinthu mkaka

1XE ili ndi

1/3 zitini, buku 400 g

Ulemu wopindika

Gome la zinthu kuchokera ku ufa, njere, chimanga

1XE ili ndi

Rye mkate, pogaya popera

Chidutswa chimodzi 1.5 cm.

Mkate Woyera, wakuda

Chidutswa chimodzi makulidwe 1 cm

Ikani pastry, yisiti

Tebulo la mbatata, nyemba, masamba ena osiyanasiyana

1XE ili ndi

Mbatata ya Jacket / yokazinga

Gome la zipatso, zipatso:

1XE ili ndi

Mndandanda wa zinthu zotsekemera, etc.

1XE ili ndi

Shuga mzidutswa / mchenga

Ngati pazifukwa zina simukufuna kuwerengera zowerengera, mutha kupeza chowerengera chopangira mkate pa intaneti. Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa XE komwe kuli gawo lanu, ingolowetsani mayina azinthuzo, kuchuluka kwake, kompyuta ikupangirani zotsalazo.

Zakudya za insulin

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amafunika insulin yambiri patsiku kuti agwetse XE imodzi:

• Pa chakudya choyamba - 2 mayunitsi.
• Pakati pa tsiku - 1.5 mayunitsi.
• Pamapeto pa tsiku - 1 unit.

Zolimbitsa thupi za odwala matenda ashuga, zochita zake zolimbitsa thupi, kuchuluka kwa zaka, komanso kumva za insulin zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ofunikira.

Kuti mukhale ndi thanzi lanu, kudziwa momwe mungawerengere magawo omwe adya buledi a shuga ndikofunikira kwambiri.

Zakudya zoyenera

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga, thupi limatulutsa zochepa za insulini zofunika kupanga. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, insulin yopangidwa ndi thupi sazindikira.

Mosasamala mtundu wa shuga omwe munthu akudwala, muyenera kutsatira zakudya zapadera. Magawo a mkate omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amaloledwa kudya tsiku lililonse pafupifupi 20. Ndi matenda amtunduwu, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa mafuta ndi odwala matenda ashuga ndi khalidwe. Chifukwa chake, odwala matenda ashuga oterewa amafunika kuti azidya mosavuta chakudya, kuchuluka kwa tsiku lililonse kwa XE kungakhale mpaka 28.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mkate womwe amadya.

Palinso mapanga ena okhudzana ndi mbatata. M'dziko lathu, ichi ndi chinthu chofala kwambiri, motero ambiri zimawavuta kuti azigwiritse ntchito. Mukamawerengera magawo a mikate yodwala matenda ashuga 1, kuchuluka kwa mbatata sikowopsa kwenikweni. Koma omwe akudwala mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa XE yomwe ili mu mbatata, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa owuma mumthupi kumabweretsa zovuta.

Momwe amawerengera magawo a mkate? Kumbukirani kuti, mukudwala matenda ashuga, muyenera kudya pang'ono, kudya tsiku lililonse kwa XE kumagawidwa m'magawo asanu ndi limodzi. Chofunika kwambiri ndi zitatu mwa izo.

Timapereka gawo lovomerezeka la XE lililonse la awa:

• Chakudya cham'mawa - mpaka 6 HE.
• Zokhwasula - mpaka 6 XE.
• Chakudya chamadzulo - mpaka 4 XE.

Chiwerengero chosiyana cha XE chimagawidwa kuzakudya zina. Ndiosafunika kudya zakudya zoposa zisanu ndi ziwiri nthawi imodzi. Kupatula apo, izi zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga mthupi.

Ichi ndi chiyani

Chigoba cha mkate ndi mtengo wamakhalidwe womwe unapangidwa ndi akatswiri azakudya zaku Germany. Mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kuyereketsa zopezeka mu chakudya.

Ngati simukuganizira za kukhalapo kwa fiber fiber, ndiye kuti 1 XE (chidutswa cha mkate wolemera 24 g) muli magalamu 10-13 a chakudya.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, lingaliro la "mkate mkate" limalola kuyendetsa glycemic. Osangokhala bwino, komanso moyo wabwino zimatengera kulondola kwa kuwerengetsa chakudya chamagulu am'masiku. Nawonso, pokhapokha potsatira kwambiri zakudya zomwe zili pa XE, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatha kusintha kagayidwe kazakudya.

Zogulitsa zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chamagulu ochepa (osapitirira 5 g pa 100 gramu) sizifunikira kuwerengera kwa XE, izi ndi:

Pamafunso amomwe mungawerengere magawo a buledi a mtundu woyamba 1 ndi shuga, munthu sayenera kuyiwala kuti m'mawa komanso madzulo thupi la munthu limafunikira insulin ina. Mwachitsanzo, m'mawa mpaka magawo 2 a mankhwala amafunikira, ndipo madzulo 1 unit ndikwanira.

Ndi chiyani?

Kudziwa momwe mungawerengere XE mu mtundu woyamba wa 2 ndi matenda ashuga 2 ndikofunikira. Chifukwa chake, amatha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa insulin yoyenera kudya pambuyo chakudya.

Monga lamulo, pokonzekera 1 XE ndi thupi, magawo a 1.5-2 a insulin ndi ofunika.

Zotsatira zake, 1 XE imapangitsa shuga wambiri kukhala wapamwamba ndi pafupifupi 1.7 mol / L. Koma nthawi zambiri odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 XE amawonjezera shuga mpaka mlingo wa 5-6 mol / l. Gawo limatengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya, komanso kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe, chidwi cha insulin ndi zinthu zina.

Zotsatira zake, kwa wodwala aliyense yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, mlingo wa insulin umasankhidwa payekha. Kenako kuwerengera kwa XE kwa mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2 wa shuga kumakupatsani mwayi wowona kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri nthawi imodzi komanso masana. Kuphatikiza apo, simungasiyiretu chakudya chamafuta, izi zimachitika chifukwa zimapatsa mphamvu thupi la munthu.Kudziwa za kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amalowa mthupi masana, ndikofunikira osati kwa wodwala matenda ashuga okha, komanso kwa munthu wathanzi.

Kupatula apo, kumwa kosakwanira komanso kudya zakudya zamafuta kwambiri kumabweretsa zotsatirapo zomvetsa chisoni.

Komanso, kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu kumadalira osati kokha munthawi ya tsiku, thanzi, komanso zaka, zolimbitsa thupi, komanso ngakhale umunthu.

Mwana wazaka zisanu ndi zitatu zakubadwa amafunikira magawo khumi ndi awiri a 12-13 okha;

Kuchuluka kwa XE kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi iwo omwe amafuna kusunga thupi lawo kulemera kumodzi. Simuyenera kudya zopitilira 6 XE pachakudya chilichonse.

Kupatula akhoza kukhala achikulire omwe ali ndi vuto la kulemera kwa thupi, kwa iwo mankhwalawo akhoza kukhala magawo 25. Koma kuwerengetsa kwamtundu wa mikate kwa odwala matenda ashuga a 2, onenepa kwambiri, kuyenera kutengera tsiku lililonse mpaka magawo 15.

Kuwerengeredwa kwa magawo a mkate kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 ali ndi mawonekedwe ake. Kuyeza kulemera kwa zinthu kuyenera kuchitidwa mothandizidwa ndi mamba, osati "ndi diso", chifukwa ndizosatheka kudula mkate lero monga dzulo, ndipo masikelo adzapereka chiwongolero chokwanira pa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu.

Sinthani magawo a shuga powerengera kuchuluka kwa tsiku lililonse kwa XE. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati zizindikirozo ndizapamwamba kuposa zokhazokha, mutha kuyesa kuzichepetsa pochepetsa kudya zamagulu awiri mwa magawo asanu patsiku.

Kuti muchite izi, mutha kusewera ndi chakudyachi, mwachitsanzo, kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kapena m'malo mwa zakudya zomwe mumakonda ndi zomwe zimakhala ndi chindoko chochepa cha glycemic.

Koma kusintha m'masiku oyambilira sikungawonekere. Ndikofunikira kuwona index ya shuga kwa masiku 4-5.

Pa kusintha kwa zakudya sayenera kuwunikiranso zochita zolimbitsa thupi.

Katundu Wotsika wa Carbon

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kuti apange zakudya zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi chakudya chokhala ndi XE yotsika. Kuchuluka kwawo muzakudya ayenera kukhala osachepera 60%.

Zakudya zopangidwa ndi mkate zochepa ndizophatikizira:

Izi siziwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga, koma zimangopindulitsa odwala matenda ashuga. Kupatula apo, ali ndi mavitamini ambiri, zinthu zina zopindulitsa.

Chakudya chosankhidwa bwino cha mtundu uliwonse wa matenda ashuga chimapewetsa zovuta. Kupangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuwerengera XE muzakudya, kuwonjezera pa kugwiritsira ntchito tebulo lapadera, ndibwino kuti nthawi zonse muzikhala ndi kakalata chifukwa mumatha kulemba zolemba zake. Kukhala ndi cholembedwa cha XE kumathandizanso wopereka chithandizo chaumoyo kusankha mitundu yoyenera ya insulin yochepa komanso yayitali.

Kodi XE ndi chiani ndipo chifukwa chiyani odwala matenda ashuga amawafunikira?

Msonkhano wapadera, XE ndi wofanana ndi magalamu 12 a michere yamagetsi (kapena magalamu 15, ngati ali ndi fiber fiber - zipatso kapena zipatso zouma). Zambiri zimapezeka pafupifupi 25 gm za mikate yoyera yoyera.

Chifukwa chiyani phindu ili? Ndi chithandizo chake, Mlingo wa insulin amawerengedwa.

Komanso Kuwerengera zamagulu a buledi kumakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi zakudya zoyenera za "shuga". Monga mukudziwa, anthu odwala matenda ashuga amalangizidwa kuti azitsatira zakudya zochepa ndipo zakudya ziyenera kukhala zosachepera 5 patsiku, koma zazing'ono. Pankhaniyi, masiku onse a XE sayenera kupitirira 20 XE. Koma ndiye kachiwiri - palibe njira yodziwika bwino yomwe imatha kuwerengera molondola kuchuluka kwa matenda a shuga a XE tsiku lililonse.

Chachikulu ndikusunga kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a 3-6 mmol / l, omwe amafanana ndi zizindikiro za munthu wamkulu. Ndikudya chamafuta ochepa, nthawi zonse XE imatsika mpaka 2 - 2,5 mkate patsiku.

Zakudya zoyenera ziyenera kupangidwa ndi dokotala woyenera (endocrinologist, nthawi zina wodwala).

Momwe amawerengera magawo a mkate?

M'mayiko ambiri ndiudindo wa opanga chakudya kuti asonyeze XE pamapaketi. Mu Russian Federation, kuchuluka kokha kwamafuta, mapuloteni, zakudya zimasonyezedwa.

Kuwerengera XE, ndendende pamafuta omwe munthu amayenera kuwamvetsera, komanso kulemera kwaukonde. Ndiye kuchuluka kwa shuga pa kutumikirako (ndiye kuti, anthu angati akukonzekera kudya) amagawidwa ndi 12 - izi zidzakhala kuchuluka kwa XE, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa insulin.

Mwachitsanzo, mutha kutenga chokoleti "Mkaka wa Millenium ndi ma hazelnuts." Kulemera kwa chokoleti ndi magalamu 100, malinga ndi zomwe zalembedwa pamaphukusowo, zamafuta am'madzi ndi magalamu 45.7 (pa magalamu 100). Ndiko kuti, mu tayi imodzi, pafupifupi magalamu 46 a shuga amapezeka, omwe amafanana ndi pafupifupi 4 XE (46: 12 = 3.83).

Zotsatira za XE pamibadwo

Mlingo wa XE wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wofanana ndendende kwa odwala matenda ashuga komanso anthu athanzi. Popanda chakudya, thupi sililandira mphamvu, motero sizigwira ntchito konse. Mulingo wambiri womwe madokotala amatchulidwa ndi awa:

Koma mmodzi amayeneranso kuyamba kuchokera kulimbitsa thupi.

• Mwachitsanzo, ngati wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, amagwira ntchito ngati wopanga ndipo tsiku lake lonse amagwira ntchito yolimbitsa thupi, ndiye kuti akhoza kutsatira tebulo pamwambapa.
• Ngati amagwira ntchito muofesi, samachita nawo masewera, ndiye kuti nthawi ya XE imatha kuchepera mpaka 2-5 patsiku.

Monga lamulo, pakatha mwezi umodzi kutenga XE, wodwalayo amadzipezera yekha chakudya choyenera, chomwe chimamulola kuphimba kwathunthu zofuna za thupi zama micronutrients, komanso nthawi yomweyo kupewa glycemia (kutsitsa kapena kuchuluka kwa glucose pamavuto ovuta).

Zachilendo za XE komanso thupi

Odwala onenepa kwambiri sayenera kuganizira zokhazokha za XE, koma kuchuluka kwamafuta omwe amadyedwa (ndipo ngati ndi kotheka, musiyane ndi iwo onse kuti muchepetse kulemera kwa thupi - izi zimakhudzanso thanzi lawo).

Pafupifupi, pamenepa, chikhalidwe cha XE chimachepetsedwa ndi 20 - 25%. Ngati ndi kulemera kwabwinobwino komanso pogwira ntchito zolimbitsa thupi muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mpaka 21 XE tsiku lililonse, ndiye kuti mukulemera kwambiri - mpaka 17 XE. Koma, kachiwiri, Zakudya zomaliza ziyenera kukhala dokotala woyenera.

Koma mulimonsemo, muyenera kuyesa kuchepetsa pang'onopang'ono - izi zimalepheretsa minyewa ya m'mimba ya kapamba (yomwe imangophatikizidwa pakupanga insulin), imasinthasintha mawonekedwe a magazi, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopangika (mapulateleti, maselo oyera a m'magazi, maselo ofiira m'magazi).

Kudya kwa magawo a buledi a shuga mu mawonekedwe a tebulo akukambirana pansipa.

Zakudya Zamtundu wa Zakudya Zina

Kuti muchepetse kuwerengera kwa XE m'mbale zina, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito tebulo lotsatirali:

• kadzutsa - 2 XE,
• nkhomaliro - 1 XE,
• nkhomaliro - 4 XE,
• tiyi wamadzulo - 1 XE,
• chakudya chamadzulo - 3 - 5 XE.

Izi ndi zowona kwa wodwala wamba yemwe ali ndi mtundu wina wa matenda ashuga, omwe ntchito yake imayenderana ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi ochepa.

Pazonse, XE ndi muyezo wowerengera mafuta m'zinthu zina, malinga ndi momwe mungapangire zakudya zabwino za anthu odwala matenda ashuga, komanso kuchuluka kwa insulini yoyendetsedwa.

Muyezo uwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti muchepetse kuwerengera, koma kuchuluka kwa mikate ya tsiku ndi tsiku kumawerengeredwa aliyense payekhapayekha. Amakhudzidwa ndi: zaka, jenda, masewera olimbitsa thupi, mtundu wa matenda ashuga, mkhalidwe waumoyo wa wodwala, kulemera kwa thupi.

Mndandanda ndi gome la magawo a buledi a shuga

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda amtundu wa endocrine omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kupindika kwa shuga. Mukamawerengera zakudya zamafuta, ndiye kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito chomwe chimaganiziridwa. Pakuwerengera katundu wazakudya zamafuta, magawo a mkate amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda ashuga.

Chigoba cha mkate ndi kuchuluka komwe amayeza ndi akatswiri azakudya. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya cham'madzi. Kuwerenga kotereku kwayambitsidwa kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi kwa zaka za zana la 20 ndi katswiri wazakudya zaku Germany, Karl Noorden.

Chingwa chimodzi chimakhala chofanana ndi chidutswa cha mkate wina wozungulira, wozungulira ndi theka. Awa ndi magalamu 12 a chakudya cham'mimba mosavuta (kapena supuni ya shuga). Mukamagwiritsa ntchito XE imodzi, mulingo wa glycemia m'magazi umakwera ndi mamilimita awiri / L. Pa kukomoka kwa 1 XE, magawo 1 mpaka 4 a insulin amatuluka. Zonse zimatengera momwe munthu amagwirira ntchito komanso nthawi yatsiku.

Magawo a mkate ndi muyeso pakuwunika kwa zakudya zamagulu. Mlingo wa insulin umasankhidwa poganizira za kumwa kwa XE.

Mukamagula chinthu chomwe chili mmatolo, mumafunikira chakudya chambiri pa 100 g, chosonyezedwa kulembedwapo magawo 12. Umu ndi momwe magawo a mkate a shuga amawerengedwa, ndipo gome lithandizanso.

Pazakudya zambiri za carbohydrate ndi 280 g patsiku. Izi ndi pafupi 23 XE. Kulemera kwazinthu kumawerengeredwa ndi diso. Zopatsa mphamvu za calorie sizimakhudza zomwe zili zamagulu am mkate.

Tsiku lonse, kugawanitsa 1 XE kumafuna insulini yosiyanasiyana:

• m'mawa - 2 mayunitsi,
• pa nkhomaliro - 1.5 magawo,
• madzulo - 1 unit.

Kuledzera kwa insulin kumatengera thupi, zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, zaka komanso chidwi chamunthu payekha mahomoni.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, kapamba satulutsa insulin yokwanira kugwetsa chakudya. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, kusowa kwa insulin komwe kumachitika.

Matenda a gestational amapezeka nthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati chifukwa cha zovuta za metabolic. Imasowa pambuyo pobala.

Mosasamala mtundu wa shuga, odwala ayenera kutsatira zakudya. Kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe mumadya, magawo a mkate amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda ashuga.

Anthu omwe ali ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana zolimbitsa thupi amafunikira kuchuluka kwamphamvu tsiku ndi tsiku.

Mndandanda wazakudya zamasiku onse za chakudya cha anthu osiyanasiyana amitundu mitundu

Mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa XE uyenera kugawidwa m'magawo 6. Zofunika zitatu izi:

• kadzutsa - mpaka 6 XE,
• tiyi wamadzulo - osapitirira 6 XE,
• chakudya chamadzulo - zosakwana 4 XE.

XE yotsalayi imagawidwa kwa zodyera pakati. Zambiri mwazolemetsa wamafuta zimagwera pa zakudya zoyambirira. Sikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzidya zinthu zopitilira 7 nthawi imodzi. Kudya kwambiri kwa XE kumabweretsa kulumpha lakuthwa mu shuga. Zakudya zoyenera zimakhala ndi 15-20 XE. Uwu ndiye chakudya choyenera chambiri chomwe chimakwaniritsa tsiku lililonse.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga umadziwika ndi kudziunjikira kwamphamvu kwamafuta. Chifukwa chake, kuwerengetsa kwa kudya kwa carbohydrate nthawi zambiri kumafuna kuti pakhale chakudya chamagulu ochepa. Kudya kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa XE kumachokera pa 17 mpaka 28.

Zinthu monga mkaka, chimanga, masamba ndi zipatso, komanso maswiti, zimatha kudyedwa pang'ono.

Kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta kumayenera kukhala chakudya kuyenera kukhala masamba, ufa ndi zinthu zamkaka. Zipatso ndi maswiti zimaposa zosaposa 2 XE patsiku.

Gome lokhala ndi zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa nthawi zambiri komanso zomwe zili mumagulu a mikate zimayenera kusungidwa nthawi zonse.

Zamkaka zimathandizira njira zama metabolic, zimakhutitsa thupi ndi michere, kukhalabe ndi shuga m'magazi.

Mafuta omwe amapezeka mkaka omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito sayenera kupitilira 20%. Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku - zosaposa theka la lita.

Zakudya zamagetsi zimayambitsa zovuta zamankhwala. Amathandizira ubongo, minofu, ndi ziwalo. Kwa tsiku silikulimbikitsidwa kudya magalamu oposa 120 a ufa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ufa kumayambitsa zovuta za matenda ashuga.

Masamba ndimalo opanga mavitamini ndi antioxidants. Amasunga redox moyenera, komanso amateteza kupezeka kwa zovuta za shuga. CHIKWANGWANI chomera chimasokoneza mayamwidwe a shuga.

Kutentha kwamasamba kumachulukitsa index. Muyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kaloti owiritsa ndi beets. Zakudya izi zimakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mkate.

Zipatso zatsopano zimakhala ndi mavitamini, mchere ndi mchere. Amakwaniritsa thupi ndi zinthu zofunika zomwe zimathandizira kagayidwe kazinthu zazikulu.

Masamba ochulukirapo amalimbikitsa kutulutsa kwa insulin ndi kapamba, kukhazikika m'magazi a shuga.

Kuphatikizidwa kwa zipatso kumaphatikizapo michere yazomera, mavitamini ndi michere. Zimapangitsa kuti matumbo asamayende, kusinthasintha kwa dongosolo la enzyme.

Sikuti zipatso zonse zimakhala zathanzi chimodzimodzi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzitsatira tebulo la zipatso zovomerezeka mukamapanga menyu yatsiku ndi tsiku.

Ngati ndi kotheka, maswiti ayenera kupewedwa. Ngakhale zochepa zomwe zimapangidwazo zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri. Gulu lazogulitsa sizimabweretsa zabwino.

Zomwe XE mu malonda amakhudzidwa ndi njira yokonzekera. Mwachitsanzo, avareji yazipatso mu XE ndi 100 g, ndipo mu msuzi 50 g. Mbatata zosenda zimachulukitsa shuga m'magazi kuposa mbatata yowiritsa.

Ndikofunika kuti musagwiritse ntchito zakudya yokazinga, zosuta komanso zamafuta. Muli mafuta achilengedwe ambiri, omwe ndi ovuta kuwaphwanya komanso ovuta kuwamwa.

Maziko azakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku ayenera kukhala zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi XE yaying'ono. Pazakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku, gawo lawo ndi 60%. Izi ndi monga:

• nyama yokhala ndi mafuta ochepa (nkhuku yophika ndi ng'ombe),
• nsomba
• dzira la nkhuku
• zukini
• radishi
• radishi
• masamba letesi
• amadyera (katsabola, parsley),
• nati imodzi
• belu tsabola
• biringanya
• nkhaka
• Tomato
• bowa
• madzi amchere.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amafunika kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa nsomba zotsamira mpaka katatu pa sabata. Nsomba zimakhala ndi mapuloteni komanso mafuta achilengedwe omwe amachepetsa cholesterol. Izi zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha kukhala ndi stroko, kugunda kwa mtima, thromboembolism.

Mukamalemba zakudya zatsiku ndi tsiku, zomwe zimatsitsidwa ndimatenda omwe amachepetsa shuga mu zakudya zimatengedwa. Zakudya izi ndi monga:

Zakudya za nyama zimakhala ndi mapuloteni komanso michere yofunika. Mulibe mkate Kufikira 200 g nyama ndikulimbikitsidwa patsiku. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mbale zosiyanasiyana. Izi zimaganiziranso zinthu zina zomwe ndi mbali yaphikidwe.

Zakudya zokhala ndi index yotsika ya glycemic sizivulaza thanzi ndipo zimadzaza thupi ndi mavitamini ndi michere. Kudya zakudya zokhala ndi XE yotsika kungathandize kuti musapume shuga, zomwe zimalepheretsa zovuta zamatenda a metabolic.

Kuwerengera koyenera kwa matenda ashuga kumalepheretsa kukula kwa zovuta zazikulu. Kuti muwerenge zakumwa zamasiku onse za mkate, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi kakalata ndikulemba zakudya. Kutengera izi, adotolo amakupatsani mankhwala ochepetsa insulin. Mlingo amasankhidwa payekha motsogozedwa ndi magazi a glycemia.

Matenda a shuga amasokoneza moyo wa munthu kwambiri. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amakhala ndi malingaliro osamala kuposa anthu ena pazakudya zawo. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin ndikutsatira chakudya - akukhala gawo lofunikira m'miyoyo ya anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Mwa zina mwazizindikiro zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi zakudya za anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, chachikulu ndicho kuwerengera magawo a mkate ndi mndandanda wa glycemic.

Magawo a mkate, kapena XE, ndi gawo loyezera lomwe limawonetsa chakudya chamagulu ena azakudya ndi mbale. Dongosolo la mkate (chakudya) linapangidwa ku Germany. Mayiko osiyanasiyana asintha lingaliro ili mosiyanasiyana:

1. Germany Nutrition Society imatanthauzira mkate umodzi ngati chakudya chomwe chimakhala ndi 12 g yamafuta.
2. Ku Switzerland, mkate ndi magalamu 10 a chakudya.
3. Carbohydrate unit yogwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi - 10 g yama chakudya.
4. M'mayiko olankhula Chingerezi, XE yofanana ndi 15 g yamagulu a nyama imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ku Russia, zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Gulu limodzi la mkate = 10 g wamafuta kupatula zakudya zamasamba (13 g kuphatikiza),
• Gulu limodzi la mkate = 20 g wa mikate yoyera,
• 1 mkate mkate umawonjezera 1.6-2.2 mmol / L pakuwazidwa kwa shuga.

Chakudya chilichonse chomwe munthu amadya chimapangidwa m'magawo akuluakulu komanso ang'onoang'ono. Zakudya zomanga thupi zimasinthidwa kukhala glucose. Njira iyi yotembenuzira zinthu zovuta kukhala zinthu zazing'ono zimayendetsedwa ndi insulin.

Pali kulumikizana kosawerengeka pakati pa kudya kwa michere, shuga wamagazi ndi insulin. Zakudya zamagulu olowa m'thupi zimakonzedwa ndi michere ya m'mimba ndikulowa m'magazi mu mawonekedwe a shuga. Pakadali pano, "pachipata" cha minyewa komanso ziwalo zomwe zimadalira insulini, timadzi tambiri timene timayendetsa shuga. Itha kulowa pakukonzekera mphamvu, ndipo ikhoza kuyikidwanso m'tsogolo pambuyo pake.

Mu diabetes, physiology ya njirayi imalephera. Pali insulin yokwanira yomwe imapangidwa, kapena maselo a ziwalo zomwe akufuna kupangazo (omwe amadalira insulin) amakhala osazindikira. M'magawo onse awiriwa, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa glucose kumavulala, ndipo thupi limafunikira thandizo lakunja. Pachifukwa ichi, ma insulin kapena othandizira a hypoglycemic amaperekedwa (kutengera mtundu wa matenda ashuga)

Komabe, ndikofunikanso kuwongolera zomwe zikubwera, kotero chithandizo chamadokotala ndikofunikira monga kumwa mankhwala.

1. Kuchuluka kwa magawo a mkate kumawonetsera kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zimatengedwa zimatulutsa shuga wamagazi. Kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mmol / l glucose kumachulukitsa, mutha kuwerengera molondola mlingo wa insulin yofunika.
2. Kuwerengera magawo a mkate kumakupatsani mwayi wofufuza phindu la chakudya.
3. XE ndi analogue ya chipangizo choyezera, chomwe chimakulolani kuyerekezera zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Funso lomwe magawo amkate amayankha: mu kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina ziti komwe kumakhala chakudya cha 12 g?

Chifukwa chake, mutapatsidwa mkate, ndizosavuta kutsatira chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a 2.

Chiwerengero cha mkate pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zalembedwa patebulopo. Kapangidwe kake kumawoneka motere: mgulu limodzi ndi mayina a zinthuzo, ndipo inayo - ndi magalamu angati amtunduwu omwe amawerengedwa ndi 1 XE. Mwachitsanzo, ma supuni awiri a chimanga chodziwika bwino (buckwheat, mpunga ndi ena) ali ndi 1 XE.

Chitsanzo china ndi sitiroberi. Kuti mupeze 1 XE, muyenera kudya pafupifupi zipatso 10 zapakati pa sitiroberi. Kwa zipatso, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, tebulo nthawi zambiri limawonetsa zochulukirapo zizindikiro.

Chitsanzo china chotsirizidwa.

100 g ya ma cookie "Jubilee" ali ndi 66 g yamafuta. Khukhi imodzi imalemera 12.5 g. Chifukwa chake, mu cookie imodzi padzakhala 12,5 * 66/100 = 8.25 g yamafuta. Izi ndizochepa pang'ono kuposa 1 XE (12 g yamafuta).

Kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta mu magalamu 100 a mankhwala (akuwonetsedwa phukusi) - N

Kulemera kwazinthu zonse zomwe zimapezeka mumbale - D

(N * D / 100) / 12 = XE (kuchuluka kwa zigawo za mikate m'mbale).

Angati magawo omwe muyenera kudya pa chakudya chimodzi komanso kwa tsiku lonse zimatengera zaka, jenda, kulemera kwake komanso zolimbitsa thupi.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwerenge chakudya chanu kuti chikhale ndi pafupifupi 5 XE. Mitundu ina ya mkate patsiku la akulu:

1. Anthu omwe ali ndi BMI yokhazikika (index of body body) yokhalaantchito yokhazikika komanso moyo wongokhala - mpaka 15-18 XE.
2. Anthu omwe ali ndi BMI yabwinobwino yamaofesi omwe amafuna ntchito zolimbitsa thupi - mpaka 30 XE.
3. Odwala onenepa kwambiri komanso onenepa kwambiri omwe amakhala ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi ochepa - mpaka 10-12 XE.
4. Anthu onenepa kwambiri komanso olimbitsa thupi kwambiri - mpaka 25 XE.

Kwa ana, kutengera zaka, akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito:

• zaka 1-3 - 10-11 XE patsiku,
• Zaka 4-6 - 12-13 XE,
• Zaka 700 - 15-16 XE,
• Zaka 11 mpaka 14 - 16-20 XE,
• Zaka 15-18 - 18-21 XE.

Nthawi yomweyo, anyamata ayenera kulandira zochulukirapo kuposa atsikana. Pambuyo pazaka 18, kuwerengera kumapangidwa mogwirizana ndi mfundo za akulu.

Kudya mikate ya mkate sikungowerengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa magawo a insulin omwe amayenera kuperekedwa.

Chakudya chokhala ndi 1 XE, glucose wamagazi amakwera pafupifupi 2 mmol / L (onani pamwambapa). Mlingo wofanana wa glucose amafunika gawo limodzi la insulin. Izi zikutanthauza kuti musanadye, muyenera kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa buledi, ndikuyika insulin zambiri.

Komabe, sikuti zonse ndizophweka. Ndikofunika kuyeza shuga m'magazi. Ngati hyperglycemia yapezeka (> 5.5), ndiye kuti muyenera kulowa zambiri, ndipo mosemphanitsa - ndi hypoglycemia, insulin yochepa ndiyofunikira.

Asanadye chakudya chamadzulo, chomwe chimakhala ndi 5 XE, munthu amakhala ndi hyperglycemia - shuga wamagazi a 7 mmol / L. Kuti muchepetse glucose muzikhalidwe zabwino, muyenera kutenga 1 insulin. Kuphatikiza apo, pali ma XE 5 omwe amabwera ndi chakudya. Ndi "osaloledwa" magawo 5 a insulin. Chifukwa chake, munthu ayenera kulowa asanadye zakudya zisanu ndi chimodzi.

Mndandanda wa mikate yazakudya zazakudya zambiri za anthu ashuga:

Momwe mungawerengere magawo a buledi a mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2 wa shuga?

Ku Russia, anthu odwala matenda ashuga ali ndi anthu oposa mamiliyoni atatu. Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsa ntchito insulin kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo, odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuyang'anira kudya kwawo nthawi zonse. Pankhaniyi, funso limakhala lofunikira: momwe mungawerengere magawo a mkate.

Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuti odwala azichita kuwerengera pawokha, kuyeza chilichonse nthawi zonse ndi kuwerengera sizotheka. Kuti athandizire kutsatira njirazi, amagwiritsa ntchito tebulo powerengera mkate omwe alemba zofunikira za XE pachinthu chilichonse.

Chigoba cha mkate ndi chizindikiritso chofunikira chomwe chimakhala chofunikira kuposa chiwonetsero cha matenda a shuga. Mwa kuwerengera molondola XE, mutha kukwanitsa kudziyimira pawokha kuchokera ku insulin, ndikuchepetsa shuga.

Kwa munthu aliyense, chithandizo cha matenda ashuga chimayamba ndi kufunsana ndi dokotala, pomwe adotolo amafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za zomwe matendawa amafotokozera ndipo amalimbikitsa kudya kwa wodwala wina.

Ngati pakufunika chithandizo ndi insulin, ndiye kuti mlingo wake ndi makonzedwe ake amakambirana mosiyanasiyana. Maziko a chithandizo nthawi zambiri amakhala akuwerengera tsiku ndi tsiku kuchuluka kwa chakudya, komanso kuwongolera shuga.

Kuti muzitsatira malamulo a mankhwalawa, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungawerengere CN, kuchuluka kwa zakudya zokhala ndi zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya. Tisaiwale kuti mothandizidwa ndi chakudya chotere m'magazi a shuga mumatha mphindi 15. Zakudya zamagulu ena zimawonjezera chizindikiritso ichi pakatha mphindi 30 mpaka 40.

Izi ndichifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chalowa m'thupi la munthu. Ndiosavuta kuphunzira "kuthamanga" ndi "wodekha" wamafuta. Ndikofunikira kuphunzira momwe mungawerengere moyenera mulingo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku, chifukwa cha zopatsa mphamvu zamagulu ndi kukhalapo kwa zinthu zovulaza komanso zothandiza mwa iwo. Kutsogolera ntchitoyi, mawu adapangidwa pansi pa dzina la "mkate mkate".

Dzinali limawerengedwa kuti ndi lofunikira popereka chiwongolero cha glycemic mu matenda monga matenda a shuga. Ngati odwala matenda ashuga aganiza molondola XE, izi zimakwaniritsa njira yolipirira kusinthika kwa magawo osinthika a carbohydrate. Kuchuluka kwawerengeredwe magawo awa kumalepheretsa njira zamomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi malekezero akumunsi.

Ngati tiganiza za mkate umodzi, ndiye kuti ndi wofanana ndi magalamu 12 a chakudya. Mwachitsanzo, chidutswa chimodzi cha mkate wa rye chimalemera pafupifupi magalamu 15. Izi zikufanana ndi XE imodzi. M'malo mwa mawu oti "mkate mkate", nthawi zina tanthauzo loti "carbohydrate unit" limagwiritsidwa ntchito, lomwe ndi 10-12 g la chakudya chamafuta mosavuta.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimakhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu zazakudya zamagetsi. Ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndi zakudya zabwino kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Pankhaniyi, simungathe kuwerengera zigawo za mkate. Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito masikelo kapena funsani tebulo lapadera.

Dziwani kuti kupanga makina owerengera kwapadera komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wowerengera bwino magawo a mkate pamene zinthu zikufuna. Kutengera momwe thupi la munthu limakhalira ndi matenda a shuga, kuchuluka kwa insulin komanso kudya zamafuta zimatha kusiyanasiyana.

Ngati chakudyacho chimaphatikizapo magalamu 300 a chakudya, ndiye kuti ndalamazo zimafanana ndi magulu 25 a mkate. Poyamba, si onse odwala matenda ashuga amene amatha kuwerengetsa XE. Koma mwakuchita pafupipafupi, munthu patapita kanthawi kochepa amatha "ndi diso" kudziwa kuchuluka kwa magawo mu chinthu china.

Popita nthawi, muyesowo udzakhala wolondola momwe mungathere.

Momwe mungawerengere magawo a buledi komanso matenda a shuga

Chipinda cha mkate (carbohydrate unit, XE) ndi mtengo wachipembedzo pomwe kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri m'zakudya wamba kapena chakudya chokonzekera kumawerengedwa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa insulini, yomwe ingafunike kuperekedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kuti magazi asakhale ndi shuga.

Ndipo momwe mungawerengere moyenera kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa mkate? Kodi izi zimapangitsa chiyani? Kodi ndi XE yochuluka motani, mwachitsanzo, mu chokoleti, zipatso, nsomba? Ganizirani za nkhaniyi.

Msonkhano wapadera, XE ndi wofanana ndi magalamu 12 a michere yamagetsi (kapena magalamu 15, ngati ali ndi fiber fiber - zipatso kapena zipatso zouma). Zambiri zimapezeka pafupifupi 25 gm za mikate yoyera yoyera.

Chifukwa chiyani phindu ili? Ndi chithandizo chake, Mlingo wa insulin amawerengedwa.

Komanso Kuwerengera zamagulu a buledi kumakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi zakudya zoyenera za "shuga". Monga mukudziwa, anthu odwala matenda ashuga amalangizidwa kuti azitsatira zakudya zochepa ndipo zakudya ziyenera kukhala zosachepera 5 patsiku, koma zazing'ono. Pankhaniyi, masiku onse a XE sayenera kupitirira 20 XE. Koma ndiye kachiwiri - palibe njira yodziwika bwino yomwe imatha kuwerengera molondola kuchuluka kwa matenda a shuga a XE tsiku lililonse.

Chachikulu ndikusunga kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a 3-6 mmol / l, omwe amafanana ndi zizindikiro za munthu wamkulu. Ndikudya chamafuta ochepa, nthawi zonse XE imatsika mpaka 2 - 2,5 mkate patsiku.

Zakudya zoyenera ziyenera kupangidwa ndi dokotala woyenera (endocrinologist, nthawi zina wodwala).

M'mayiko ambiri ndiudindo wa opanga chakudya kuti asonyeze XE pamapaketi. Mu Russian Federation, kuchuluka kokha kwamafuta, mapuloteni, zakudya zimasonyezedwa.

Kuwerengera XE, ndendende pamafuta omwe munthu amayenera kuwamvetsera, komanso kulemera kwaukonde. Ndiye kuchuluka kwa shuga pa kutumikirako (ndiye kuti, anthu angati akukonzekera kudya) amagawidwa ndi 12 - izi zidzakhala kuchuluka kwa XE, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa insulin.

Mwachitsanzo, mutha kutenga chokoleti "Mkaka wa Millenium ndi ma hazelnuts." Kulemera kwa chokoleti ndi magalamu 100, malinga ndi zomwe zalembedwa pamaphukusowo, zamafuta am'madzi ndi magalamu 45.7 (pa magalamu 100). Ndiko kuti, mu tayi imodzi, pafupifupi magalamu 46 a shuga amapezeka, omwe amafanana ndi pafupifupi 4 XE (46: 12 = 3.83).

Mlingo wa XE wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wofanana ndendende kwa odwala matenda ashuga komanso anthu athanzi. Popanda chakudya, thupi sililandira mphamvu, motero sizigwira ntchito konse. Mulingo wambiri womwe madokotala amatchulidwa ndi awa:

Koma mmodzi amayeneranso kuyamba kuchokera kulimbitsa thupi.

• Mwachitsanzo, ngati wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, amagwira ntchito ngati wopanga ndipo tsiku lake lonse amagwira ntchito yolimbitsa thupi, ndiye kuti akhoza kutsatira tebulo pamwambapa.
• Ngati amagwira ntchito muofesi, samachita nawo masewera, ndiye kuti nthawi ya XE imatha kuchepera mpaka 2-5 patsiku.

Monga lamulo, pakatha mwezi umodzi kutenga XE, wodwalayo amadzipezera yekha chakudya choyenera, chomwe chimamulola kuphimba kwathunthu zofuna za thupi zama micronutrients, komanso nthawi yomweyo kupewa glycemia (kutsitsa kapena kuchuluka kwa glucose pamavuto ovuta).

Odwala onenepa kwambiri sayenera kuganizira zokhazokha za XE, koma kuchuluka kwamafuta omwe amadyedwa (ndipo ngati ndi kotheka, musiyane ndi iwo onse kuti muchepetse kulemera kwa thupi - izi zimakhudzanso thanzi lawo).

Pafupifupi, pamenepa, chikhalidwe cha XE chimachepetsedwa ndi 20 - 25%. Ngati ndi kulemera kwabwinobwino komanso pogwira ntchito zolimbitsa thupi muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mpaka 21 XE tsiku lililonse, ndiye kuti mukulemera kwambiri - mpaka 17 XE. Koma, kachiwiri, Zakudya zomaliza ziyenera kukhala dokotala woyenera.

Koma mulimonsemo, muyenera kuyesa kuchepetsa pang'onopang'ono - izi zimalepheretsa minyewa ya m'mimba ya kapamba (yomwe imangophatikizidwa pakupanga insulin), imasinthasintha mawonekedwe a magazi, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopangika (mapulateleti, maselo oyera a m'magazi, maselo ofiira m'magazi).

Kudya kwa magawo a buledi a shuga mu mawonekedwe a tebulo akukambirana pansipa.

Kuti muchepetse kuwerengera kwa XE m'mbale zina, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito tebulo lotsatirali:

Kodi magawo a buledi ndi a shuga ndi ati? Matepi ndi kuwerengera

Magawo a mkate wa matenda ashuga a 2, tebulo la magawo a buledi - zonsezi ndi malingaliro odziwika bwino kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Tipenda mwachidule ndipo ife.

Matenda a shuga ndi kuphwanya njira za kagayidwe kazakudya (protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism) mthupi la munthu wokhala ndi glycemia wokwera (magazi glucose). Mu shuga, kusamutsa glucose (chinthu chosweka cha chakudya chamagulu) ndi amino acid (zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapuloteni asungidwe) ndizovuta.

Mitundu yayikulu ya matenda ashuga ndi mtundu woyamba wa II ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga, womwe umadziwika kuti mtundu 1 wa matenda ashuga ndi mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga. Ndi T1DM, pancreatic hormone secretion ya insulini imalephera; ndi T2DM (pankhaniyi), insulin imalephera.

Mawu akale akuti "odalira insulin" komanso "matenda a insulin-odziimira" a World Health Organisation adaganiza kuti asagwiritsenso ntchito chifukwa chosiyana mu kapangidwe ka chitukuko cha izi matenda awiri osiyana ndikuwonetsera kwawo payekha, komanso kuti panthawi inayake m'moyo wa wodwalayo, kusintha kuchokera ku fomu yodalira insulini kupita ku mawonekedwe omwe akudalira insulin kwambiri ndikuwongolera ma jakisoni a nthawi yonseyi.

Zovuta za kagayidwe kazakudya ka chakudya zimagwirizananso ndi T2DM, zimaphatikizidwa ndi zonse ziwiri zotchulidwa za insulin (zovuta zowonongeka za insulin yamkati kapena yakunja pamatumbo) ndikusokonekera kwa kupanga kwawo kwa insulini kosiyanasiyana pakati pawo. Matendawa amakula, monga lamulo, pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mu 85% ya milandu imatengedwa kuchokera kwa makolo. Ndi katundu wobadwa nawo, anthu opitilira zaka 50 amadwala ndi T2DM pafupifupi popanda kusiyanitsa.

Kuwonetsedwa kwa T2DM kumathandizira kunenepa, makamaka pamimba, wokhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo (a mkati), osati mafuta onyozeka.

Ubwenzi wapakati pa mitundu iwiri iyi ya kudzikundikira kwamafuta m'thupi ukhoza kuwonekera poyesedwa ndi bio-impedance m'malo apadera, kapena (moyerekeza kwambiri) owerengera mafuta m'miyezo yanyumba ndi ntchito yoyerekeza kuchuluka kwamafuta a visceral.

Mu T2DM, thupi la munthu wonenepa, kuti athane ndi insulin kukokana, amakakamizidwa kuti azikhala ndi insulini yambiri m'magazi poyerekeza ndi yabwinobwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kutsika kwa mapangidwe a pancreatic popanga insulin. Kukana kwa insulini kumapangitsa kuti mafuta azikhala ndi kuchuluka komanso kusakwanira kudya michere (CHIKWANGWANI).

Pachigawo choyambirira cha T2DM, njirayi imasinthidwanso ndikuwongolera zakudya komanso kuyambitsa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi pazowonjezera (kufikira mulingo woyambira kagayidwe kake komanso zochitika wamba zapakhomo ndi zochitika) tsiku lililonse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu 200-250 kcal pamachitidwe ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, omwe amafanana ndi zochitika ngati izi:

• kuyenda 8 km
• Kuyenda ma Nordic 6 km
• kuthamangira 4 km.

Kuchuluka kwa chakudya chochuluka ndi mtundu wa shuga II

Njira yayikulu yodyetsera zakudya mu T2DM ndikuchepetsa kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kachakudya, komwe kudziphunzitsira kofunikira kumafunika kuchokera kwa wodwala kusintha kwa moyo wawo.

Ndi kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwa odwala, mitundu yonse ya kagayidwe imasintha, makamaka, zimakhala zimayamba kugwira shuga, ndipo ngakhale (mwa odwala ena) machitidwe amakankhidwe obwera. M'nthawi ya insulin isanachitike, zakudya zinali njira yokhayo yothandizira odwala matenda ashuga, koma phindu lake silinatsike masiku athu ano. Kufunika kopereka mankhwala ochepetsa shuga mu mawonekedwe a mapiritsi kwa wodwala kumabuka (kapena kulimbikira) pokhapokha ngati shuga wambiri samatsika pambuyo poti mathandizidwe pakudya ndi kuthandizira kulemera kwa thupi. Ngati mankhwala ochepetsa shuga sathandiza, dokotala amamulembera mankhwala a insulin.

Nthawi zina odwala amalimbikitsidwa kusiyiratu shuga wosavuta, koma maphunziro azachipatala samatsimikizira kuyimbaku. Shuga mu kapangidwe ka chakudya amachulukitsa glycemia (shuga m'magazi) osaposa muyeso wofanana ndi wowuma wa ma calories ndi kulemera. Chifukwa chake, maupangiri ogwiritsira ntchito matebulo sakukhutiritsa. glycemic index (GI) zogulitsa, makamaka popeza odwala ena omwe ali ndi T2DM ali ndi kutaya kwathunthu kapena kwakukulu kwa maswiti

Nthawi ndi nthawi, maswiti kapena keke yomwe idadyedwayo siyilola wodwala kuti azimva kuti ndi wopanda pake (makamaka popeza mulibe). Chofunika kwambiri kuposa zogulitsa za GI ndi chiwerengero chawo, mafuta azomwe amapezeka mkati mwake osagawanika kukhala osavuta komanso ovuta. Koma wodwalayo ayenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri cha tsiku lililonse, ndipo ndi madokotala okhawo omwe angayikemo zokhazokha, kutengera kupenda ndi kuwona. Mu shuga mellitus, kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu m'zakudya kungachepe (mpaka 40% mu zopatsa mphamvu m'malo mwa nthawi zonse 55%), koma osati kutsika.

Masiku ano, ndikupanga mapulogalamu a mafoni, kulola kuti mudziwe zochulukirapo kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa chakudya mu chakudya chomwe mukufuna, kuchuluka kumeneku kungathe kuyikidwa mwachindunji magalamu, omwe amafunikira kuyesa kwa chinthu kapena mbale, kuwerenga cholembera (mwachitsanzo, kapu ya protein), Thandizo pazakudya za kampani yoperekera chakudya, kapena kudziwa za kulemera ndi kapangidwe kazakudya zamagulu pozindikira.

Khalidwe lofananalo tsopano, mutazindikira, ndizotheka kwanu, ndipo izi ziyenera kuvomerezedwa.

Pakalembwe, nthawi ya iPhones isanachitike, njira ina yowerengera chakudya imapangidwa - kudzera m'magawo a mkate (XE), omwe amatchedwanso kuti chakudya chamagulu. Magawo a mikate yodwala matenda ashuga 1 adayambitsidwa kuti athe kuwunikira kuchuluka kwa insulini yomwe imafunikira pakuyamwa kwa chakudya. 1 XE imafunikira magawo awiri a insulini kuti agone m'mawa, 1.5 pa nkhomaliro, ndipo 1 madzulo okha. Kulowetsedwa kwa chakudya cham'madzi mu 1 XE kumawonjezera glycemia ndi 1.5-1.9 mmol / L.

Palibe tanthauzo lenileni la XE, timapereka matanthauzidwe angapo odziwika bwino. Gulu la mkate lidayambitsidwa ndi madotolo aku Germany, ndipo mpaka 2010 lidatanthauzidwa ngati kuchuluka kwa chinthu chomwe chimakhala ndi 12 g of digestible (ndipo potero zimawonjezera glycemia) zakudya zamafuta ndi shuga. Koma ku Switzerland XE idawonedwa kuti ili ndi 10 g yamafuta, ndipo m'maiko olankhula Chingerezi anali ma g 15. Kusagwirizana m'matanthauzidwewo kudapangitsa kuti kuyambira 2010 adavomerezedwa kuti asagwiritse ntchito lingaliro la XE ku Germany.

Ku Russia, amakhulupirira kuti 1 XE imagwirizana ndi 12 g ya chakudya chamafuta, kapena 13 g yamafuta, poganizira michere yazakudya zomwe zili m'zinthuzo. Kudziwa kuchuluka kumeneku kumakupatsani mwayi woti mutanthauzire mosavuta (pang'ono m'mutu mwanu, makamaka pa Calculator yomwe yapangidwa mufoni iliyonse) XE kukhala magalamu a chakudya ndi zinthu zina.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati mudadya 190 g ya persimmon yokhala ndi chakudya chodziwika bwino cha 15,9%, mumamwa 15.9 x 190/100 = 30 g wama chakudya, kapena 30/12 = 2.5 XE. Momwe mungaganizire XE, mpaka chakhumi chapafupi kwambiri, kapena kuzungulira kwa onse - mukuganiza. M'magawo onse awiri, "pafupifupi" patsiku lotsala lidzachepetsedwa.

Momwe mungawerengere magawo a mkate mu shuga

Mu shuga mellitus, muyenera kutsatira malangizo a dokotala ndikuwunika zakudya. Zakudya zambiri zimatha kusintha shuga m'magazi anu, ndipo zina ndizovomerezeka kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Mu shuga mellitus, zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi zochepa zamafuta zimalimbikitsidwa, ndipo kuti muzitsatira, muyenera kuganizira za mikate.

Kodi gawo la mkate ndi chiyani?
Gulu la mkate (XE) ndi muyeso wina wake womwe kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagetsi kumawerengeredwa. Chiyeso choyeza chinapangidwa makamaka kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe amafunika jakisoni wa insulin. Mukamalemba zakudya, katswiri amaganizira osati mtundu wa matenda ndi machitidwe a wodwala, komanso kuchuluka kwa tsiku lililonse kwa XE.

Chipangizochi chidapeza dzina lake chifukwa cha malonda odziwika bwino - buledi. Ndi ofanana 25 g wa mkate, 12 g shuga ndi 15 g wamafuta. Mukamapangira zakudya, muyenera kuganizira kuti anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe amamwa zakudya zambiri, ndiye kuti adzafunika kwambiri ndi insulini.

Momwe amawerengera magawo a mkate?
Musanaphunzire kuwerengera XE, muyenera kufunsa dokotala ndikupanga zakudya. Nthawi zambiri, ndi zakudya zamafuta ochepa, simuyenera kudya zoposa 2,5 XE patsiku. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu ambiri kumayenera kukhala kadzutsa komanso nkhomaliro.

Kuti zitheke, malonda onse amagawidwa m'magulu atatu:

• zinthu zomwe zimafuna thandizo la insulini,
• chakudya chomwe sichiyenera kutsimikizika XE. Sichikhudzanso kuchuluka kwa shuga,
• zinthu zomwe sizoyenera kumwa. Amatha kudyedwa pokhapokha pali shuga wambiri.

Gulu loyamba limaphatikizapo zinthu zokhala ndi "chakudya chambiri". Awa ndi mkaka, chimanga, timadziti, pasitala ndi zipatso.

Gulu lachiwiri limaphatikizapo masamba, batala ndi nyama. Zogulitsazi sizisintha zizindikiritso zofunika kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Chosiyana ndi chimanga ndi mbatata, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala komanso mawonekedwe owiritsa okha. Palibenso chifukwa chowerengera magawo kuti mudye batala, mazira, mayonesi, mafuta anyama, bowa, nsomba, nyama, tchizi, tchizi. Kuchulukirapo pang'ono kwa shuga kumachitika mutatha kudya nyemba, nyemba, nandolo, ndi mtedza.

Gulu lachitatu lilinso ndi zinthu zomwe sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi zonse. Ndiwofunikira pokhapokha ngati zinthu zadzidzidzi zachepa kwambiri, ndiye kuti, ndi hypoglycemia. Izi ndi uchi, maswiti, shuga, kupanikizana ndi chokoleti.

Gome XE la matenda ashuga a 2
Kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito mosavuta, gome la XE limakhala ndi magawo 6: zipatso ndi zipatso, maswiti, masamba, nyama, ufa wa ufa ndi chimanga, zakumwa, mkaka. 1 XE imatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga kuchokera ku 1.5 mpaka 1.9 mmol. Ndikofunika kuganizira nthawi ya tsiku mukapeka zakudya. 1 XE m'mawa imachulukitsa shuga ndi 2 mmol, masana - ndi 1.5 mmol, ndipo nditatha chakudya chamadzulo - ndi 1 mmol. Kutengera ndi izi, muyenera kusintha mlingo wa insulin. Ma XE amawerengedwa pokhapokha pazakudya zomwe zimatha kuwonjezera shuga.

Pafupifupi tsiku lililonse XE ya odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 20, ngati katundu ali kwambiri - 25, komanso kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuti achepetse kulemera kwakukulu - 12-14. Nthawi imodzi imaloledwa kudya zosaposa 7 XE. Ndikofunika kugawa kuchuluka kwa tsiku ndi tsiku motere: kadzutsa - mpaka 5 XE, chakudya chamasana - mpaka 7 XE, tiyi wamadzulo - 2 XE, chakudya chamadzulo - 4 XE, chakudya chamadzulo usiku - 1-2 XE. Mwachitsanzo, mndandanda wazakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga onenepa kwambiri zitha kukhala izi: ndi chidutswa cha mkate (1 XE), saladi yamasamba yokhala ndi mbatata yophika (2 XE), chidutswa cha nsomba ndi chikho 1 cha compote. Chakudya chamadzulo, kuphika omelet, nkhaka, 1 chikho cha yogurt wokoma (2 XE), 1 kagawo ka mkate (1 XE). Ndipo siyani 3 XE yotsalira ya tiyi wamadzulo ndi chakudya chamadzulo.

1. 
   Podolinsky S. G., Martov Yu. B., Martov V. Yu. Matenda a shuga amathandizira opaleshoni ndi othandizanso, mabuku a Medical -, 2008. - 280 p.
2. 
   Matenda a McLaughlin Chris. Thandizo kwa wodwala. Malangizo othandiza (kumasulira kuchokera ku Chingerezi). Moscow, yosindikiza nyumba "Zokambirana ndi Zoonadi", "Aquarium", 1998, masamba 140, kufalitsa makope 18,000.
3. 
   Kazmin V.D. Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga ndi wowerengeka azitsamba. Rostov-on-Don, Nyumba Yofalitsa ya Vladis, 2001, masamba 63, kufalitsa 20,000.

Ndiloleni ndidziwitse. Dzina langa ndi Elena. Ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito ya endocrinologist kwa zaka zoposa 10. Ndikukhulupirira kuti pakadali pano ndili katswiri pantchito yanga ndipo ndikufuna kuthandiza alendo onse omwe amapezeka pamalowo kuti athetse zovuta osati ntchito. Zinthu zonse za tsambalo amazisonkhanitsa ndikuzikonza mosamala kuti athe kufotokoza zambiri zofunikira. Musanagwiritse ntchito zomwe zikufotokozedwa pa webusaitiyi, kufunsana ndi akatswiri ndizofunikira nthawi zonse.

Kuwerengeredwa kwa magawo a buledi a shuga

Mukamawerengera magawo a mkate 2 a shuga, komanso mtundu 1 wa shuga, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kuchuluka kwa chakudya cham'mimba chogwiritsidwa ntchito pazogula zomwe zingagulitsidwe kumasiyana.

Koma, monga lamulo, kusiyana kwake ndikosakwanira ndipo kumasulira kwake ku XE sikupereka zolakwika.

Maziko a 1 XE kuwerengetsa kwamadongosolo ndi kuthekera kwa wodwala matenda ashuga kuti asayeze chakudya pamlingo. Amawerengera XE kuchokera m'mabuku ofotokoza zamankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito chakudya (kulondola kwa kuwerengera kumeneku ndi 1 g).

Kuchuluka kwa XE kumawerengeredwa zowoneka. Muyezo ungakhale voliyumu iliyonse yoyenera kuzindikira: supuni, chidutswa. Mu matenda ashuga, kuwerengetsa kwa chakudya chamafuta sikungatsimikizidwe ndi njira ya XE, chifukwa amafunika kuwerengera mosamala zamafuta omwe amabwera ndi chakudya, ndipo motero, mlingo wa insulin.

1 mkate mkate wofanana 25 g mkate kapena 12 g shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, akukhulupirira kuti 1 XE ndi ofanana ndi magalamu 15 a chakudya.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, pakupanga mabuku am'mabuku, zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zokha zomwe zimatengedwa ndi anthu ndizomwe zimaganiziridwa, koma fiber imaperekedwa kwathunthu pazopindulitsa zotere.

Mukamawerengera XE, masikelo nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa amatha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa chakudya ndi diso. Kuwona kolondola kotereku nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokwanira kuwerengera muyeso wa insulin. Komabe, madokotala amalimbikitsa kuti odwala matenda ashuga asadutse chizolowezi cha tsiku ndi tsiku, chomwe kwa iwo ndi 15-25 XE.

Pali njira yapadera yowerengera magawo a buledi a shuga. 1000+ (100 * chiwerengero cha zaka) = a. Kenako a / 2 = b. Pamene 1 g yamafuta amoto itenthedwa, 4 kcal imapangidwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti b / 4 = s. Zakudya zowonjezera tsiku ndi tsiku 1 XE ndi 12 g yamafuta - zomwe zimatanthawuza c / 12. Chiwerengero chomwe chikuyambitsidwa ndicho kuchuluka kololeka kwa XE patsiku.

Pazakudya zamafuta ochepa, ndizovuta kudziwa kuchuluka kwa insulini, chifukwa chake zoletsa pazakudya zimatha kuvulaza kwambiri kuposa kumwa kwambiri.

Zofunikira tsiku lililonse

Matenda a shuga amawopa mankhwalawa, ngati moto!

Muyenera kungolemba ...

Zofunikira za tsiku ndi tsiku za kuchuluka kwa XE zimatha kukhala magawo 15 mpaka 30, ndipo zimatengera zaka, jenda ndi mtundu wa zochita za anthu.

Ana ochepera zaka 15 safuna chakudya chamagulu angapo kwa iwo XX okwanira. Koma achinyamata amafunika kudya magawo 25 patsiku.

Chifukwa chake anthu omwe ntchito zawo zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kulimbitsa thupi kwakukulu ayenera kudya 30 XE patsiku. Ngati ntchito yatsiku ndi tsiku yachitika, ndiye kuti ma carbohydrate amafunika pafupifupi 25 XE. Ntchito yopuma kapena kukhazikika - 18-13 XE, koma zochepa ndizotheka.

Gawo la tsiku lililonse limalimbikitsidwa kuti ligawidwe m'magawo 6. Koma kugawa nambala ya zinthu zomwezo chimodzimodzi sikuyenera. Zakudya zamafuta ambiri zimatha kudyedwa m'mawa mpaka 7 XE, chakudya chamasana - 6 XE, ndipo chakudya chamadzulo muyenera kusiya 3-4 XE yokha.Zakudya zowonjezera tsiku ndi tsiku zimagawidwa mokhwasula-khwasula. Komabe, musaiwale kuti gawo lamkango la mkango likulowa m'thupi muzakudya zoyambirira.

Nthawi yomweyo, simungadye zopitilira 7 panthawi imodzi, chifukwa kudya kwambiri XE munthawi yamafuta osweka mosavuta kumapangitsa kudumpha kwamphamvu mu shuga.

Zakudya zoyenera zimapangidwira kudya kwa 20 XE kokha tsiku lililonse. Ndalamazi ndizokwanira munthu wamkulu wathanzi.

Tisaiwale kuti kuti chiwerengedwe cholondola, zinthu ziyenera kusinthidwa malinga ndi gulu lawo, ndiko kuti, m'malo mwa nthochi, mutha kudya apulo, osati mkate kapena phala.

Makanema okhudzana nawo

Momwe mungawerengere magawo a buledi a 2 shuga? Ndi mtundu 1 wa shuga? Mayankho mu kanema:

Chifukwa chake, zilibe kanthu kuti munthu akudwala kapena kungoyang'anira thanzi lake, chinthu chachikulu ndikutsata zomwe adya. Zowonadi, nthawi zina kuvulaza kumatha kuchitika osati kokha chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mopitilira muyeso, komanso chifukwa choletsa mopanda nzeru.

Kupatula apo, zakudya zoyenera zokha zomwe zimapangidwa bwino zimalola ngakhale odwala matenda ashuga kuthana ndi vuto lawo popanda mankhwala. Kuti muthane ndi vuto lanu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ziwerengero zapadera za buledi wa matenda a shuga 2, komanso mtundu 1.