Kukonzekera kwa ultrasound ya kapamba
Mphepoyi ndiyo gawo lalikulu la chakudya cham'mimba, chomwe chimayambitsa kuphatikiza kwa michere ya m'mimba ndi mahomoni omwe amayendetsa kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi. Ndi kuperewera kwathunthu kwa gawo lathu, zovuta za m'mimba zimadziwika. Ndipo kuti amvetsetse ndendende zomwe zimachitika m'matumbo a kapamba ndi kuchuluka kwake, madokotala amapereka mayeso, omwe akuphatikizapo ultrasound (ultrasound). Kukonzekera kwa ultrasound ya kapamba ndi chochitika chofunikira kwambiri. Ngati sichichitika, deta yolakwika imatha kupezeka nthawi ya kafukufukuyo, ndikutsatira molakwika, kupitilirabe matendawa komanso kupezeka kwa zovuta zakumbuyo yake.
Zizindikiro ndi contraindication
Ultrasound imalembedwa pafupifupi kwa odwala onse omwe ali ndi vuto logaya m'mimba, limodzi ndi:
- kupweteka kapena kupweteka kwambiri mu epigastric dera kapena hypochondrium,
- kudzimbidwa kapena kudzimbidwa,
- kupezeka kwa ndowe za kuchuluka kwa chakudya,
- mafuta ambiri okhala ndi ndowe (amayamba kunyezimira, mafuta),
- kusanza ndi kusanza
- maonekedwe a kupeerera zakudya zamafuta ndi mowa,
- Zizindikiro zopewera jaundice (chikasu pakhungu, sclera ya maso, ndi zina).
Komanso, kuyesedwa kwa ultrasound kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dokotala akukayikira atayeza ndikupanga anamnesis kuti apange matenda otsatirawa:
- matenda a ndulu
- kapamba
- hematoma wa England
- chimbudzi pa pancreatic parenchyma,
- matenda oncological
- kapamba
- cholecystitis
- papillitis
- kutupa kwa duodenum 12.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuchita sikelo yoyeserera musanachite opaleshoni kapena mutalandira ululu wam'mimba kuti mutsimikizire kuti kukhulupirika kwa gland sikunasokonekere.
Ultrasound imapangitsa kuti izi zitheke osati kungoyesa mkhalidwe wakunja wa ndulu (kukula kwake - kutalika ndi m'lifupi), komanso kudziwa njira zomwe zimatulukiramo, komanso zovuta zomwe zidawatsutsa. Pachifukwachi, nthawi zambiri pamakonzedwe a kapamba, adotolo amawunikanso zokhudzana ndi chikhodzodzo, impso ndi chiwindi, popeza ziwalozi zimakhudzidwa makamaka ndi vuto la chithokomiro.
Ngakhale kuti ultrasound ndi imodzi mwanjira zophunzitsira kwambiri komanso zotetezeka, nthawi zina zimakhala zosatheka kutero.
Ultrasound imatsutsana mu milandu yotsatirayi:
- Ngati wodwala samvera bwino ndi gel yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito (popanda kutenga nawo mbali, kuwunika sikutheka),
- zinthu zomwe zimawopseza moyo wa wodwala (mwachitsanzo, necrosis, abscess, etc.),
- kunenepa kwambiri,
- thonje,
- zotupa pakhungu (herpes, molluscum contagiosum),
- matenda opatsirana a pakhungu (chifuwa chachikulu, khate, borreliosis),
- matenda a zonse (lupus, syphilis, HIV),
- kupezeka kwa mabala m'mimba (mabala, abrasions, burns, etc.),
- fistulas pamimba yapamwamba.
Masiku 2-3 pamaso pa ultrasound
Kupatula kuthekera kokupeza data yolondola panthawi ya phunziroli, masiku angapo njira isanachitike ayenera kupereka kupumula kwa pancreatic. Ndipo popeza ntchito yake yayikulu ndikupanga michere yokugaya, yomwe imayambitsidwa chakudya chikamalowa m'mimba, chakudya chofunikira chidzafunika.
Kuchokera pachakudya, padzakhala kofunikira kuti muchepetse zakudya zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimapatsa mphamvu kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'mimba. Izi ndi:
- nyemba
- masamba abwino, ophika ndi owuma,
- amadyera
- mphesa
- vwende
- mkaka ndi mkaka,
- zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, kuphatikizapo madzi amchere,
- mkate wopanda bulawuni
- zonunkhira
- nyama zamafuta
- zakudya zokazinga
- zakumwa zoledzeretsa.
Komanso, pokonzekera njirayi, mudzafunika kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya, zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri, chifukwa zimathandizanso pakupanga kwa gasi m'mimba yamagetsi (nsomba, kanyumba tchizi, tchizi, ndi zina zambiri).
Panthawi yoyeserera ndi ma ultrasound, kapamba amayenera kugwira ntchito yopuma. Izi zimathandizidwanso ndi zoletsa izi pazakudya. Komano kodi mungadye chiyani musanayese? Munthawi imeneyi amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito:
- chimanga chopangidwa kuchokera ku chimanga ndi oatmeal m'madzi,
- nyama zamafuta ochepa - nkhuku, nkhuku, kalulu, ndi zina zambiri. (simungathe kudya khungu)
- mazira owiritsa kapena ma amamu otentha (osaposa dzira 1 patsiku),
- madzi ndi tiyi wazitsamba.
Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kudya chakudya moyenera:
- chakudya chimayenera kukhala chotentha (mbale zotentha ndi zozizira ndipo zakumwa zowononga zimakhudza ntchito ya kapamba),
- chakudya chimayenera kudyedwa pang'ono, koma kangapo patsiku,
- Ndikosatheka kudya maola awiri asanagone.
Tsiku lisanafike ultrasound
Gawo lachiwiri lokonzekera kuyeserera kwa ultrasound, kuyambira tsiku lisanachitike ndendende, ndi omwe ali ndi mlandu kwambiri. Munthawi imeneyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kutenga ma enterosorbents, makamaka ngati zolakwika za zakudya zinapangidwa panthawi yomwe gawo lomaliza lakonzekera. Mankhwalawa amathandizira kuchepetsa kapangidwe ka gasi m'mimba yamagetsi ndipo amapereka chidziwitso cholondola panthawi ya mayeso.
Mankhwalawa akuphatikizapo:
- kaboni yothandizidwa (mlingo wake amawerengedwa payekha kutengera kulemera kwa wodwala - piritsi 1 pa 10 kg),
- Espumisan
- Enteros-gel, etc.
Chakudya chotsiriza chiyenera kukhala maola 12-14 isanachitike ultrasound. Kusuntha kwamatumbo kumafunikiranso. Ngati kuchepa sikuchitika tsiku lisanafike ndondomeko, izi zitha kuyambitsa zotsatira zosatsimikizika komanso kuzindikira koyenera, chifukwa njira yovunda imatha kuyatsidwa m'mimba. Ngati kuwonongeka sikuchitika, mutha kuwongolera zinthu mothandizidwa ndi kukonzekera kwapadera kwa rectal (suppositories, microclysters, etc.) kapena enema yotsuka.
Patsiku la ultrasound
Ili ndiye gawo lomaliza lokonzekera mgonero kuti muyerekezere za m'mimba. Zimayamba maola 10-12 njira isanachitike. Panthawi imeneyi, simungamwe kapena kudya chilichonse. Mimba yopanda kanthu ndi gawo lofunikira kwa aliyense. Kupatula kokha ndi iwo omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga mellitus, kapena iwo omwe asokoneza kulolera kwa shuga. Amaloledwa kudya chakudya panthawiyi yokonzekera, koma imodzi yokha yomwe ili ndi chakudya chamagulu ambiri komanso mapuloteni ochepa komanso mafuta.
Kuphatikiza pa kumenyedwa kwa njala, pali zoletsa zina zomwe odwala onse ayenera kutsatira maola 10-12 njira isanachitike - simungathe kusuta ndi kumwa mankhwala aliwonse mkati (kokha mwaubongo, subcutaneous kapena intramuscularly).
Kuyesa kwa Ultrasound kwa kapamba ndi njira yopweteka kwambiri. Asanazichite, wodwalayo ayenera kutenga malo ofunikira a thupi - kugona pakama, kuwongola miyendo ndi mikono motsatira thupi. Pa phunziroli, dokotala amatha kupempha wodwalayo kusintha mawonekedwe a thupi. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mufufuze mwatsatanetsatane za kapamba, chifukwa pali ziwalo zina pafupi nazo zomwe zitha kulepheretsa izi.
Akamaliza njirayi, wodwalayo amathanso kubwerera ku moyo wawo. Komabe, "njira yotuluka" yazakudya, yomwe adatsatira masiku angapo, iyenera kukhala yosalala. Simungadye nthawi yomweyo zakudya zamafuta ambiri ndi zowuma. Zakudya zonse ziyenera kuyambitsidwa pang'onopang'ono.
Zotsatira za kuyesedwa, monga lamulo, zimaperekedwa kwa wodwala nthawi yomweyo. Ndi iwo, akuyenera kupita kwa dokotala wake, yemwe, malinga ndi zomwe adalandira, azindikire ndikupereka mankhwala. Mobwerezabwereza ultrasound ya kapamba ikhoza kutumikiridwa pambuyo pa miyezi 1-3 kuwunika mphamvu ya mankhwalawa. Ngati sichikupereka zotsatirapo zabwino, kukonza kwamankhwala kumachitika.
Mapindu ake
Kafukufukuyu ali ndi zabwino zambiri:
- Ngati tingayerekeze ultrasound ndi x-ray, ultrasound, palibe radiation.
- Kuteteza umphumphu wa khungu. Palibe chomwe chimafunika kudulidwa, kubayidwa, kubayidwa.
- Kusowa kwathunthu kwa zowawa.
- Zomwe zimafikira polojekiti sizifuna kukonzanso, zomwe zimathandizira njira kuti zitheke.
- Ultrasound ili ponseponse. Zidazi zimayikidwa m'makiriniki ambiri, zomwe zikuwonetsa kupezeka kwa kuyesedwa.
- Ubwino wina ndi mtengo wotsika.
- Phunziroli palokha limatenga nthawi yochepa (pafupifupi mphindi 20).
Ultrasound ya kapamba
Kukonzekera
Pakuwunika kwa matendawa, mbali yofunika imachitika kukonzekera kwa ultrasound ya kapamba:
- mfundo yayikulu ndichakudya chapadera masiku angapo masiku ake asanachitike,
- kukonzekera thupi ndi mankhwala apadera,
- Zochita patsiku la ultrasound.
Kukonzekera pamimba pamimba
Chifukwa chakupezeka kwa kapamba kumbuyo kwa m'mimba, ndikofunikira kutsatira zakudya zapadera, ndipo patsiku la njirayi musadye konse.
Zakudyazo ziyenera kuyambitsidwa masiku atatu isanachitike ultrasound. Kuchokera pachakudya, timafunikira kupatula zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kupangidwa kwa mpweya:
- nyemba (nyemba, mphodza, nandolo),
- masamba omwe ali ndi masamba ambiri (kabichi, anyezi, nkhaka, broccoli),
- zipatso zina (peyala, vwende, mphesa),
- mkate wopanda bulawuni
- zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi
- nyama yamafuta
- mowa
- zinthu zamkaka zokhala ndi mafuta ambiri (zonona wowawasa, tchizi tchizi, zonona, mkaka, kefir),
- mankhwala, maswiti,
- chikonga
- khofi
- timadziti
- masoseji
- maswiti ndi chokoleti
- mazira.
Zogulitsa kuti zisachotsedwe
Osamadya nyama yokazinga, yosuta. Zogulitsa zimaloledwa kuphika kuphika, kuphika wamba, zofunda.
Idyani phala yambiri pamadzi. Idyani nyama yodyedwa, nsomba zopanda mafuta. Tchizi zotsekemera zimaloledwa.
Maola 14 pamaso pa njirayi, muyenera kudya komaliza. Nthawi zambiri ichi ndi chakudya chopepuka, pasanathe 6 pm.
Zakudya zoyenera tsiku lonse:
Nthawi | Chakudya |
---|---|
Chakudya cham'mawa - 8-10 a.m. | Porridge pamadzi, dzira limodzi lowiritsa |
Wokhwasula woyamba - maola 10-13 | 100 magalamu a tchizi ophika |
Chakudya chamadzulo - maola 135 | Nyama yotsika |
Wachiphaso wachiwiri | Buckwheat phala |
Chakudya chamadzulo | Nsomba zonenepa kwambiri |
Zakudya zomanga thupi zimatengedwa kuti ndizopindulitsa thupi. Kuvutitsa magazi sikovomerezeka.
Thanzi pamaso pamimba ultrasound
Imwani zakumwa zambiri, kuposa malita 1.5 patsiku.
Madokotala amalimbikitsa tsiku lisanafike ultrasound kuti ayambe kumwa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa mapangidwe a mpweya: enterosorbents ndi adsorbents.
Yoyambitsa kaboni. Mankhwala amalangizidwa kuti atenge masiku awiri mayeso asanachitike. Mlingo - piritsi 1 pa 10 kilogalamu ya kulemera kwa thupi. Nthawi yolandila - m'mawa ndi madzulo.
Espumisan ndi Enterosgel. Gwiritsani ntchito kawiri pa tsiku 2 masiku 2 musanachitike.
Patsiku la kafukufukuyu, simungadye chakudya, madzi. Amaletsedwanso kusuta, kumwa mankhwala.
Mawonekedwe
Mkhalidwe waumunthu, matenda osachiritsika, kutenga pakati, kunenepa kwambiri, ukalamba - zonsezi zimatanthawuza zina mwa mayeso.
Mwa anthu onenepa kwambiri, mafuta amasokoneza mtundu wa kafukufukuyu. Anthu oterowo amafunika kupanga enema yofunda yoyeretsa maola ochepa asanakachezere dokotala. Zakudyazo ziyenera kukhala zodzaza ndi chimanga. Zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, zimasiyidwa kwathunthu.
Okalamba amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuti apewe matenda osachiritsika. Mu ukalamba, izi ndi zovuta zofala kwambiri. Izi zimaphatikizapo matenda a mtima, matenda ashuga, matenda a kuthamanga kwa magazi. Komabe, muyezo ndi dzina zitha kungoonetsa katswiri waluso. Ndi matenda ashuga, pali chosiyana chokhudzana ndi chakudya. Anthu omwe akudwala matendawa amatha kudya m'mawa m'mawa patsiku la mayeso.
Chikumbutso cha pamimba ultrasound
Pankhani ya ana, kuyang'anira pafupi ndikofunikira. Zimakhala zovuta kuti mwana akane kugwiritsa ntchito maswiti, mankhwala opangira ufa, madzi owala. Makolo ayenera kuwongolera mwana. Ngati tirikulankhula za kupewa kudya, pali magulu atatu awa:
- Makanda obadwa kumene sayenera kumwa nthawi yayitali pakudya. Musadyetse mwana kwa maola awiri ndi awiri kapena awiri musanachitike.
- Ali ndi zaka 1-3, mwana ayenera kudyetsedwa maola 5 asanachitike. Ndikofunikira kupatula kudya kwa madzi maola 1.5 musanayambe kuphunzira.
- Kuyambira kuyambira zaka zoyambirira kusukulu, mwana ayenera kupirira maola 8 osadya (osachepera 6).
Kafukufuku
Panyumba, muyenera kutenga thaulo wamba. Zimakhala zothandiza pambuyo pa kuyeserera kupukuta kirimu wapadera pamimba.
M'chipinda chofufuzira za ultrasound, wodwalayo amafunsidwa kuti atulutsire torso, atagona kumbuyo kwake pakama. Mukamayesedwa, adotolo amafunsira wodwalayo kuti agone kumanzere, mbali yakumanja, kuti akhale pansi. Kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka thupi, ziwalo zamkati zimasamutsidwa, ndikutsegula chipangizocho kumagawo osiyanasiyana a kapamba.
Algorithm pakukonzekera wodwala kuti azimutsatira
Zofunika! Phunziroli palokha silopweteka konse komanso ndi lotetezeka. Wodwalayo amangomva chinthu chozizira chikuyenda pakhungu lake.
Kusankha ndendende ndi kuwunika kokhazikika kumatha kukhazikitsidwa ndi endocrinologist, gastroenterologist.
Kuchiritsa
Kukula kwenikweni kwa kapamba kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zizindikiro zitatu. Malingaliro awo ndi awa:
- mutu ndi kutalika kwake - 25-35mm,
- thupi lalikulu ndi 17-25 mm,
- mchira - 15-30 mm.
Mwa abambo ndi amayi, kukula kwake ndiofanana, kwa ana, zizindikiro ndizochepa.
Ultrasound ya kapamba
Chinthu chotsatira chomwe chimakopa chidwi ndi mawonekedwe. Chiwalo chathanzi chimafanana ndi tadpole. Ngati kusinthidwa kwa chiwalo kwapezeka, ndiye kuti pali kuphwanya kwakukulu.
Kuwonekera kwa malire ndi chinthu chomwe kupezeka kwa matenda kumadziwika. Ngati zomwe zalembedwazi ndizosakanikirana, kuphatikiza ndi maziko ozungulira, izi zikuwonetsa kukula kwa njira yotupa.
Kapangidwe ka minofu ya chiwalochi nthawi zambiri kumawoneka ngati mawonekedwe ofanana, popanda kusintha, mawanga, mikwingwirima, zophuka, ming'alu. Ngati umphumphu uli wopanda pake, matenda amakhalapo.
Echogenicity. Ngati chizindikiro ichi chikusiyana kwambiri ndi chizolowezi, ndiye kuti matendawo alipo.
Contraindication
Ngakhale mayeso otetezedwa komanso opanda zopweteka ali ndi malire:
- Ultrasound ndiyosavomerezeka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi madigiri atatu a kunenepa kwambiri,
- ndizoletsedwa kuchititsa kafukufuku ngati wodwala ali ndi mabala otseguka, kutupa, matenda opatsirana, limodzi ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mafinya m'mimba,
- mchitidwewu ndi woletsedwa ngati wodwalayo ali ndi vuto lakelo lomwe limapangitsa kuti pakhale ma ultrasound,
- Ultrasound iyenera kuyimitsidwa pamatenthedwe a thupi.
Mchitidwewo ukatha, dokotala amapatsa wodwalayo chithunzi cha kapamba ndi mathero omwe ali ndi kukula kwake, kusintha komwe kungachitike, njira zotupa. Phunziroli limatenga mphindi 20.
Zowunikira zotsatira zakusankha
Kuti mupange kuzindikira mukamayang'ana zotsatira za ultrasound, muyenera kudziwa zazomwe zimachitika, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zizindikiro: kukula, kuphatikizika, kukhalapo kwa inclusions.
Nthawi zambiri, kapamba wa munthu wamkulu amakhala ndi magawo ndi kukula kwake: mutu 30-32 mm, thupi 18-21 mm, mchira 34-35 mm. Kukula kwenikweni kwa kapamba kumadalira mawonekedwe a thupi. Komanso ndi abwino kwambiri mwa ana komanso kutengera zaka.
Chiwalocho chimakhala ndi wandiweyani, chimapangidwe chofanana ndipo chimakhala ndi timbewu zazikulu kapena zazing'ono, kutanthauza kuti mpaka 3 mm, zomwe zimawoneka ngati zofunikira.
Yang'anirani bwino ziwiya ndi zonyamula. Zombo zonse zizikhala zopanda zopunduka, ndipo mawonekedwe a Wirsung sayenera kukhala ndi zowonjezera.
Ndi ultrasound, kuphatikizika kwa kapamba ndikofunikira, komwe kumawonetsa kuthekera kwa minofu kuwonetsa ultrasound. Nthawi zambiri, zachilengedwe zimakhala zopanda vuto, ndipo zimakhala ndi malire.
Ngati pomaliza adotolo alemba "kuchuluka kwa kuphatikizika kwa kapamba", ndiye kuti izi zikuwonetsa kusintha kwa minyewa ya thupi ndi kupezeka kwa matenda. Mawuwa sazindikira, koma chinthu chofunikira pakusintha kumene. Komanso, hyperechoogenicity imakhala ndi njira zotupa m'magawo ena a thupi, mwachitsanzo, ndi chibayo kapena matenda a meningococcal.
Pamafufuza mawonekedwe amtundu wocheperako wa echo, amaphatikiza kufunikira kosiyanitsa (ubiquitous) kapena ma inclusions inclusions.
Kusintha kovuta kumachitika kawirikawiri pamaso pa madzi am'magazi (chitukuko cha ascites), ndi zizindikiro zowonekeratu za kapamba komanso zovuta zina zomwe zimakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa kapamba. Fional lesion imachitika kawirikawiri ndi parenchyma cysts, ma neoplasms osiyanasiyana, komanso kuchepa kwa ma ducts.
Kukonzekera Kwakafukufuku
Matenda ambiri am'mimba ogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amabisika, ndipo zizindikilo ndi zizindikilo sizizindikirika ndi munthuyo. Ngakhale kupenda mozama ndi zida za mmimba zam'mimba, sizingatheke kudziwa kukhalapo kwa matendawa. Chifukwa chake, mayeso owonjezera amatumizidwa ku kafukufuku wachikulire kuti atsimikizire kuti ali ndi vutoli.
Kwa pancreatic ultrasound, kukonzekera kuyenera kuchitidwa molondola momwe mungathere. Ngakhale kupatuka pang'ono mu malingaliro kumapangitsa chithunzi chotsiriza. Zochita zolondola komanso zosasinthasintha zimakhudza kulondola kwa zotsatira mpaka 60%.
Chofunikira komanso chofunikira pokonzekera kuzindikirika kwa ultrasound ndikudya. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena kumaganiziridwa malinga ndi malingaliro a dokotala.
Kodi kufunikira kwa matenda ndi chiyani?
Cancreas ndi chinthu chapadera chomwe ndi gawo lamatumbo am'mimba (thirakiti la m'mimba), kutenga gawo mwachindunji pakuwonongeka kwa chakudya ndi dongosolo la endocrine, ndikupanga mahomoni ofunikira - insulin.
Chachilendo cha chinthu chotsirizachi ndikuti "chimatsegulira zitseko" zamitundu yonse yamatupi a thupi kwa mphamvu zopanda pake zomwe zimapangidwira mwa mawonekedwe a shuga otseguka m'magazi - glucose mamolekyulu. Kuwoneka kwa vuto losakwanira m'njira zotere nthawi zambiri kumawopseza moyo wa munthu, chifukwa chake, zovuta zilizonse zokayikitsa ku kapamba zimafunikira kuyang'aniridwa kwachipatala ndi kuvomerezedwa kugwiritsa ntchito ultrasound.
Pofuna kuwonjezera zidziwitso za ultrasound, gland imayesedwa nthawi yomweyo ndi ziwalo zomwe zimayandikira pafupi. Potere, chiwindi, chikhodzodzo, ndulu, m'mimba ndi duodenum zimagwera pansi pa mafunde akupanga a sensor.
Zisonyezero za ultrasound ya kapamba
Zizindikiro zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala chifukwa chokhazikitsidwa ndi ultrasound zimaphatikizapo zovuta zotsatirazi:
- kusanza kwachidziwikire,
- aakulu nseru
- Kutentha kochepa thupi (pafupifupi 37 ° C),
- pafupipafupi kukondwerera,
- kutsegula m'mimba
- kudzimbidwa
- kukulitsa m'mimba
- kupweteka kwam'mimba nthawi zonse
- kuwawa kosasangalatsa mkamwa
- kupezeka kwa ndowe za ntchofu ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta chakudya,
- Kutupa kwa malekezero,
- kusamba kwa msambo.
Sonography imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa odwala omwe ali ndi hepatitis, shuga mellitus kapena kapamba. Ultrasound imachitidwanso pambuyo povulala pamimba. Chifukwa chofunikiranso chobweretsera kuphunzira ndi kukonzekera kuchitira opaleshoni yomwe ilinganizidwa pamimba.
Ultrasound ndikulimbikitsidwa kwa anthu omwe amakayikira khansa ya pancreatic. Amadziwika ndi kupweteka kwam'mimba, mpaka kumbuyo ndi kukulira usiku, jaundice, kufooka wamba, kuyabwa pakhungu, kusowa chilimbikitso ndi kutopa kwambiri.
Madotolo amachitanso izi pochita zinthu zodziwonetsa ngati mitundu ya x-ray, gastroscopy ndi biochemical magazi. Monga maziko a kuyeserera kwa ultrasound, mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa shuga wamagazi kungatumikire.
Kuyesa kwa Ultrasound
Kudzinyenga kwachipatala ndikosavuta komanso kosapweteka konse. Poyamba, wodwalayo amagona pakama ndipo amatulutsa cham'mimba. Pambuyo pake, katswiriyo amadzaza madzi owonekera m'dera lolingana ndi thupi, omwe amawongolera kupezeka kwa mafunde akusanthula kudzera khoma lakunja kwamkati.
Kuphatikiza apo, mkati mwa ultrasound, sensor imayenda ndikuyenda m'mayendedwe ofunikira kuti afufuze kwathunthu kapamba. Nthawi zina sonologist imakanikiza pang'ono zida zazing'onoting'ono, zomwe nthawi zambiri siziphatikizidwa ndi ululu uliwonse.
Nthawi zina, adokotala akukufunsani kuti mupitikize kumtunda, mulowetse m'mimba pang'ono kapena kuti mupumire kwakanthawi kochepa. Zochita zoterezi zimapangitsa kuti pakufunike kufufuzira bwino kwambiri. Zotsatira zakuzindikira zimakhazikika pofufuza mwatsatanetsatane zithunzi ndi zisonyezo zoonetsedwa polojekiti.
Kujambula kwa ultrasound kumatenga pafupifupi mphindi 6-15, kutengera mawonekedwe a ziwalozo komanso momwe zilili. Osati nthawi zambiri, njirayi imachedwa mpaka mphindi 20-25.
Kodi ma ultrasound amawonetsa chiyani?
Chifukwa cha ultrasound, madokotala amapeza zotupa za kapamba:
- kapamba (kutupa pamimba),
- mawonekedwe a cystic
- miyala (miyala, yomwe ma calcifying amapezeka nthawi zambiri),
- agenesis (kubadwa kwatsopano kapena kupangika kwa ndulu),
- chotupa chikukula,
- kunyowa
- zokulira pafupi ndi chiwalo,
- pancreatic necrosis (necrosis yama cell cell),
- kapangidwe kachilendo, kofotokozedwa, mwachitsanzo, kapangidwe kabowo kapena kowoneka ngati mphete,
- lipomatosis (kukula kwachilendo kwamaselo am'mafuta),
- atrophy (kukakamiza, kuchepetsa kapamba),
- Kusintha kwovomerezeka kwa zaka
- sclerosis (kuwonda kwa minofu),
- ascites (kukomoka kapena kudzikundikira kwa madzi owonjezera m'mimba).
Nthawi zina, ngati ultrasound yachitika motsogozedwa ndi dokotala, wodwala amatha kupeza zizindikiro zosintha zomwe sizikuwonetsa kuti ndi matenda, koma kupsinjika kwakanthawi kapena opareshoni yam'mbuyomu.
Ultrasound ya kapamba: kukonzekera ndi mayendedwe
Cancreas ndi gawo lamanjenje zakunja ndi zamkati ndipo limagwira gawo lofunikira mu chimbudzi ndikuwongolera kagayidwe kazachilengedwe. Zikondamoyozo zimakhala mkati mwa patsekeke lam'mimba, chifukwa chake ndizosatheka kuzifufuza ndi njira zosagwiritsa ntchito (mwachitsanzo, ndi palpation).
Kuti muwone momwe aliri, akatswiri a pakati pathu amalimbikitsa njira imodzi yodalirika yofufuzira: ultrasound ya kapamba. Njira ya sonographic imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyerekezera ziwalo zomwe zikufufuzidwa mosiyanasiyana ndikuwonetsetsa.
M'matenda a kapamba, sikuti ntchito yake yokhazikika imasokonekera, komanso ntchito ya ziwalo zina zam'mimba, nthawi zambiri chiwindi. Pankhani imeneyi, madokotala nthawi zambiri amapereka malangizo a ziwalo zingapo zam'mimbidwe yam'mimba, mwachitsanzo, ultrasound ya chiwindi ndi kapamba.
Cholinga cha phunziroli ndi zomwe
Pakufufuza kwa sonographic, madokotala am'chipatala chathu amawona kukula ndi mawonekedwe a kapamba, amaphunzira kapangidwe kake komanso kapangidwe kazinthu zazikulu ndi msana. Kapangidwe ka chiwalo pawokha kamayesedwa pakufufuzidwa mozama kuti adziwe kusintha kwa matenda.
Mwachitsanzo, pakukula kwakanthawi, dokotala amatha kuwona kuchepa kwa ziwalo, kupezeka kwa mawonekedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa minyewa. Zisindikizo zakumaloko zimatha kukhala chizindikiro cha mapangidwe a cysts ndi pseudocysts.
Pali zonse zinthu zingapomomwe akatswiri athu amalimbikitsa kuti azichita ma ultrasound a kapamba:
- Kupweteka kwambiri kapena kupweteka kwakumapeto kwa m'mimba, pansi pa supuni, mu hypochondrium wamanzere ndikumanzere. Kusintha kwachidziwitso khoma lanyumba yam'mimba, yowululidwa pa gastroscopy. Ululu pa nthawi yamkamwa. Zosintha pamaonekedwe am'mimba ndi duodenum. The matenda a pachimake kapena aakulu kapamba. Kuchepetsa thupi mwadzidzidzi. Pafupipafupi kokhumudwa. Jaundice
Ndizosatheka kupeza zotsatira zodalirika za ultrasound popanda kukonzekera wodwala motere. Kukonzekera kwa ultrasound ya kapamba sikutenga nthawi yayitali ndipo kungakulitse kwambiri zomwe zili pazidziwitso zopanda mankhwala.
Kafukufuku
Kuwona kwa Sonographic kulibe vuto lililonse ndipo kumatenga osaposa mphindi 10. Nthawi yamakonzedwe, wodwalayo amagona pabedi, choyamba kumbuyo kwake, kenako kumanja ndi kumanzere. Dokotalayo amagwiritsa ntchito gel osakaniza pamimba ya wodwalayo ndipo amachititsa kafukufuku pogwiritsa ntchito sensor ya makina a ultrasound.
Akatswiri odziwa bwino za malo athu pazida zamakono amachita ultrasound ya kapamba. Decoding (chizolowezi kapena matenda) pazotsatira za kafukufukuyu ndiwonso udokotala. M'malingaliro olembedwa, katswiriyo amafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zotsatira zakuwunika ndikuyika zithunzi za chiwalo chomwe chikuwunikiridwa.
Ultrasound ya kapamba: momwe mungapangire ndikukonzekera
- Nthawi: Mphindi 15. Kufunika koyang'anira mwapadera: palibe Kukonzekera kuyesedwa: Inde.
Ultrasound ya kapamba ndi kafukufuku wofufuzira wochitidwa mwa kupanga sikani ndi ultrasound, komwe kumakupatsani mwayi woganiza zowonera za chipangiri chofufuzidwa mosiyanasiyana.
Njira ya ultrasound imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ngati njira yokhayo komanso yodalirika yofufuzira ziphuphu. Chifukwa cha thandizo lamakono, luso komanso luso la akatswiri mu dipatimenti yozindikira, timapeza zotsatira zenizeni zofunikira pakuwunika kwa kusintha kwa zamankhwala ndikuwunika mphamvu ya chithandizo.
Kodi kupukutira kwa kapamba ndi chiyani?
Ultrasound ya kapamba, monga lamulo, imaphatikizidwa mu kafukufuku wapadera wa sonographic, chifukwa ntchito yake imagwirizana kwambiri ndi zochitika za ziwalo zina zam'mimba. Chifukwa chake, limodzi ndi mawonekedwe a ultrasound awa, kuwunika kwa chiwonetsero cha chiwindi, ndulu, chikhodzodzo, ndipo nthawi zina m'mimba kumayandikana. Komabe, nthawi zina mwadzidzidzi, kuwunika kwa ma pancreas kumatha kuchitika padera.
Sonogram (ultrasound imapanga mawonekedwe a chithunzi cha digito) amawonetsa mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa kapamba. Kuwona koteroko kumapangitsa kuti athe kuyesa mkhalidwe wa minofu yofewa (parenchyma), kuzindikira kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe, ndikuwona ma neoplasms a pathological. Njira ya ultrasound ndiyofunikira kwambiri pakufunika kudziwa komwe chotupacho, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito opaleshoni.
Ultrasound ya kapamba imakupatsani mwayi wazidziwitso monga:
- kapamba, kuchuluka kwa zotupa, mapapo ndi ma pseudocysts, kuchuluka kwa calcium m'matumbo ofewa, lipomatosis (kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu minofu ya chiwalo).
Zizindikiro za
Ultrasound ya kapamba ndiyofunikira ngati:
- mucous nembanemba ndipo khungu linapeza mtundu wa uncharacteristic chikasu, kuvulala kwam'mimbamo, kutsika kwakanthawi kosagwira thupi, panali zovuta zam'mimba, zotupa ndi kudzimbidwa, chakudya chinapezeka ndi matenda a shuga, kupweteka kosalekeza m'mimba (kumtunda) mbali yakumanzere, pali chisokonezo, mayeso a labotale akuwonetsa kusintha kwa zotumphukira mu kapamba, kusintha kwa zam'mimba m'mimba, kuzindikiridwa ndi ndi gastroscopy, kafukufuku wa X-ray adawonetsa matenda a duodenum ndi m'mimba, pamakhala kukayikira kukhalapo kwa mapangidwe a chotupa.
Zotsatira
Zithunzi zojambula patapita patali patsekeke ndi sonogram. Sonogram ndi chithunzi cha digito pamtundu wa gawo lamkati lam'mimba, momwe mawonekedwe, kukula kwake ndi kapangidwe kake kapamba kumaonekera.
Kutengera ndi a sonogram omwe adapeza, mawu omaliza afotokozedwa. Mudzalandira zotsatira za ultrasound mu mawonekedwe a chithunzi, komanso cholembedwa chomaliza, chomwe chidzawonetsa mawonekedwe a morphological, topographic ndi magwiridwe antchito a kapamba.
Dokotala wodziwika bwino afotokoze:
- malo a kapamba wokhudzana ndi msana ndi mitsempha yamagazi, mawonekedwe, ma contours ndi kukula kwa kapamba, kapangidwe ka kapamba, kapangidwe ka minofu, kapangidwe ka mutu wa kapamba.
Magawo a chizolowezi cha kafukufuku wa kapamba:
- malekezero a gland sayenera kukhala osagwirizana, mawonekedwe a kapamba akuyenera kuwonetsedwa bwino, kutalika kwa kutalika ndi 14-22 masentimita, m'lifupi mumutuwo ndi mpaka 3 cm, makulidwe ake saposa 3 cm, kutalika kwa mutu ndi kuyambira 2,5 mpaka 3.5 cm.
Ngati matendawa adawonetsa kusintha kwa kukula kwa kapamba ndi kupezeka kwa neoplasms, katswiriyo amakupatsirani mayeso owonjezera a labotale.
Zovuta zonse za kukonzekera ndi kudutsa kwa ultrasound ya kapamba
Ultrasound ya kapamba ndi mtundu wa makina a ultrasound omwe amakupatsani mwayi kuwona m'maganizo kapamba.
Nthawi zambiri phunziroli lokhalo silimalembedwa, koma kuwunika kwathunthu kwamkati kumachitika: chikhodzodzo ndi chiwindi, matumbo, ndulu ndi kapamba. Nthawi zina adokotala amayesa m'mimba mwachidule. Popeza ndizosatheka kuyang'ana ziwalozi pamimba ndi matumbo athunthu, ndiye muyenera kukonzekera phunzirolo.
Kodi kapamba amapezeka kuti?
Zikondwererozo zimapezeka m'malo obwezeretsera kumanzere pansi pamimba ndipo kumbuyo kwake, kutetezedwa bwino ndi nthiti. Amakhala ndi mutu, thupi ndi mchira. Izi ndizofunikira, popeza kupenda magawo osiyanasiyana a gland kumachitika kuchokera kosiyanasiyana.
Tizilombo timene timakhala ndi timadzi tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga ma enzymes am'mimba, ndi kanyumba kakang'ono kamene kamabisala zinthu zotsekemera m'mwazi. Ma Enzymes (madzi a pancreatic) amathandizidwa mu duodenum ndipo amathandizira kugaya.
Kodi akatswiri amachita bwanji ndi ultrasound ya kapamba
Wodwala amagona pabedi kumbuyo kwake mofatsa ndipo amasula m'mimba mwake pazovala. Dokotala amaika khungu pakhungu ndikuyika sensor pamalo oyenera kuti athe kuwona kapamba. Phunziroli limayamba ndi mawonekedwe a wodwalayo kumbuyo, kenako ndikumapita kumalo ena.
Mu malo okhala theka, matumbo ndi mkono wamanzere wa chiwindi zimasunthidwa, zomwe zimapereka mwayi kumutu ndi thupi la chithokomiro. Nthawi yonse ya kafukufukuyu, adokotala amagwiritsa ntchito ma cell a sonographic (ma cell apamwamba komanso otsika kwambiri a mesenteric, aorta okhala ndi vena cava, ndi ena) kuti awone ngati kapamba.
Kukula kwa kapamba kumayesedwa, chifukwa pamakhala pulogalamu yapadera. Kutengera ndi kafukufukuyu, wozindikira amalemba mawu omaliza, ngakhale atakhala kuti amapezeka phunziroli, womasulira mwatsatanetsatane.
Pazida zina mungathe kujambula zithunzi zosinthidwa.Izi ndizofunikira pokonzekera njira zochitira opaleshoni (kupumula kapena opaleshoni). Phunziroli silopweteka konse komanso ndi lotetezeka. Wodwalayo amatha kumva kuti sensor ikuterera pakhungu ndi kupsinjika pang'ono pazinthu zina.
Kodi adokotala amawona chiyani mwabwinobwino komanso ndi matenda
Ntchito wamba, zolembedwa
Kukula kwakumapako kwa kapamba kumakhala kosiyanasiyana ndipo zimatengera kulemera kwa wodwalayo komanso kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amayambiridwanso. Ndi ukalamba, umachepa, komanso umakhala wachilengedwe.
Makulidwe azinyalala kapena makulidwe wamba a ndulu:
- Kutalika kwa mutu kuyambira 2,5 mpaka 3.5 cm; kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi 1,5 mpaka 2.5 cm; kutalika kwa mchira kutalika pafupifupi 1.5 - 3.5 cm.
Duct yapakati pa gland (Wirsung) imawoneka ngati chubu lowonda kwambiri pafupifupi mamilimita awiri, omwe amasiyanasiyana kutengera dipatimentiyo, mwachitsanzo, m'mutu imatha kufika 3 mm, ndipo mchira umatsika mpaka 0,3 mm.
Kuchulukana kwa ndulu kumakhala kofanana ndi kuchulukana kwa chiwindi, ngakhale kuti zachilendo zachilengedwe zimachulukitsidwa mwa anthu 50%, ndipo mwa ana amachepetsedwa. Pancreas wabwinobwino ndi chiwalo chokhala ndi mawonekedwe. Nthawi yomweyo, maofesi ake amawonetsedwa kutengera kukonzekera.
Matenda azotheka
- Njira yotupa (pachimake kapena pancreatitis yayitali) imawoneka ngati yopukusa kapena yoyang'ana masinthidwe a chithunzi cha ultrasound. Kukula kwa kapamba kumachuluka chifukwa cha edema, miyeso ya duct imakulanso. Kuchulukana kwa echo kumachepetsedwa, ndipo contour ndiyopepuka. Pomaliza, madokotala ena amalemba kuti: "Kusintha kwa kapangidwe kake kumasintha." Kutengera ndi data yomwe idalandiridwa komanso madandaulo a wodwala, adokotala omwe amapezekapo amapanga matenda a Pancreatitis.
- Chovuta chachikulu cha pancreatitis pachimake ndiko kupangika kwa necrotic foci ndi cysts, yomwe pambuyo pake imatsogolera ku pancreatic necrosis - kusungunuka kwathunthu kwa minofu yamatumbo. Masamba a necrotic fusion amawoneka ngati ochepera echo-mnene foci okhala ndi masamba opindika.
- Chotupacho (chopukusira) cha kapamba chimawoneka ngati chopondera patsekeke ndi mulingo wamadzi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayang'aniridwa. Mlingo wamadzimadzi umasinthasintha pamene malo asintha.
- Ma pseudocysts amawonetsedwa ngati mabowo a anechogenic okhala ndi madzi.
- Pancreatic necrosis imadziwika ndi mapangidwe amtundu wambiri wa ma abscesses mu minofu ya tiziwalo, kuphatikiza wina ndi mnzake ndikupanga zingwe zazikulu zokutidwa ndi mafinya ndi zotsatizana.
- Kupanga kwa chotupa kumawonedwa ngati hypoechoic yozungulira kapena kupangika kozungulira kwa mawonekedwe a hecho-heterogeneous, opindika bwino. Ngati khansa ikukayikiridwa, ndikofunikira kupenda kakhansa onse, chifukwa nthawi zambiri khansa imapezeka kumchira komwe kumakhala kovuta kuyipima. Mutu ukakhudzidwa, jaundice imakhala chizindikiro chachiwiri, chifukwa cha chopinga chamakina kuti amasulidwe a bile mu lumen wa duodenum. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a ultrasound, adotolo atha kufotokoza mtundu wa chotupa (lymphoma, sarcoma, cystadenocarcinoma).
Pathology ya kapamba imayimiridwa ndiwowoneka bwino kwambiri wamatenda. Kutukuka pang'ono, nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa zotsatira zowopsa m'moyo, ndipo nthawi zina kumwalira kwa wodwalayo. Chifukwa chake, ngati mwawonetsa kusintha kusanthula mu phunziroli, musadzitsimikizire kuti onsewa, mupimikirabe.
Mtengo wa njirayi m'makliniki osiyanasiyana ndiosiyana. Nthawi zambiri, kafukufuku amakhala wokwera mtengo m'malo azachipatala azinsinsi omwe amakhala ndi akatswiri, komwe othandizira si madokotala wamba, koma asayansi odziwika bwino komanso zowunikira zamankhwala.
Muyenera kumayesedwa pafupipafupi, kuphatikiza ma ultrasound a kapamba, komanso chiwindi ndi chikhodzodzo, komanso ngati pali zofunika, ndipo khalani wathanzi.
Ultrasound ya kapamba: main nuances
Pa ziwalo zonse zomwe zili m'mimba mwa munthu, kapamba ndiye njira yocheperako yosaphunzitsira - simapezeka kumbuyo ndi m'mimba, kumbuyo kwa matumbo aing'ono ndi matumbo opatsika, chifukwa chake imatha kukhala yolumikizika (palpated) pokhapokha chiwalo chikakhala chachikulu. amakula ndikukula.
Koma munthawi yachipatala chotere, wodwalayo nthawi zambiri akuwonetsa chithunzi chatsatanetsatane cha matendawa, ndipo dokotala woyenera samakayikira kuti njira ya pathological imakhudzira chiwalochi.
Ngati ndi kotheka, njira yowunikirayi ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuwunika zotsatira za chithandizo - zida zamakono zimakupatsani mwayi kuti musangolembapo malingaliro a dokotala yemwe amachita sonology ya kapamba, komanso kusiya zolemba pazotsatira zamakono pazosungira (ma disks, zithunzi, ma drive drive).
Zisonyezo za ultrasound
Kufufuza kwina kwa ndulu ndikosowa kwambiri - zochitika za chiwalochi zimakhudzana mwachindunji ndikugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zotsala zam'mimba, makamaka chiwindi, nthawi zambiri kuyesa kwa mapangidwe am'mimba kumachitika ndi kuwunika kwathunthu kwa ziwalo zam'mimba (nthawi zambiri, zovuta zamaphunziro zimaphatikizapo ultrasound ya chiwindi, ndulu ndi bile ducts, kapamba, ndulu komanso pang'ono kuyesa impso.
Kwambiri pafupipafupi, pakufunika kwanu kuchita kafukufukuyu, khalani:
- kupezeka kwa nthawi yayitali kapena kubwereza mosiyanasiyana kupweteka kapena kusakhudzika pamimba, komanso osati m'chigawo cha epigastric, kumanzere kwa hypochondrium ndi mbali yakumanzere - ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti pathology ya chiwalochi nthawi zambiri imagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda a chiwindi, kukayikira kukhalapo organic zotupa za kapamba kapena matenda anakhazikitsidwa kale a kapamba amtundu uliwonse ndi siteji, lipomatosis, komanso chosaopsa ndi kupweteka kwa ziwalo, kuzindikira ndi X-ray kuwunika kwam'mimba khunyu (radiography yam'mimba ndi duodenum), mawonekedwe amasintha kapena kupotoza komwe kumachitika mwa ziwalo izi, kupezeka kwa chibayo, kusintha kwa zam'mimba m'mimba, nthawi zambiri khoma lake lam'mbuyo, lomwe limapezeka panthawi ya fibrogastroduodenoscopy, kusintha kwa ma pancreatic matenda tiziwalo timene timatulutsa minyewa, kapena kupindika kwakanthawi komwe kwapezeka ndi palpation dera, kusintha kwakuthwa (kuchepa) kwa kulemera kwa thupi komwe kumachitika popanda chifukwa, kusanza pafupipafupi komanso kusanza komwe sikumapereka mpumulo, kutulutsa (zotupa), kusokonekera kwa chopondapo (kutsegula m'mimba), chizindikiritso cha zotupa zopanda chakudya mu chimbudzi, kudzimbidwa, kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa kutentha kwa thupi ( mpaka madigiri 37), kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, mawonekedwe a jaundice mwa wodwala.
Zolinga ndi zolinga za phunziroli
Dokotalayo amapereka mankhwala a kapamba kuti apange kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe ake, kuti ayese mkhalidwe wa gawo la parenchyma, kudziwa kusintha kwa kapangidwe kake ndikuzindikira ma neoplasms oyipa komanso opweteka.
Njira yodziwitsa anthu za matenda othandizira ndi yofunika kwambiri ngati mukufunikira kudziwa malo omwe ali ndi zotupa zoterezi - ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti palibe njira ina yodalirika yodziwira matenda omwe amapezeka pakhungu.
Ndizosatheka kuyesa kuyesa kwa chiwalochi popanda kukonzekera wodwala - sizitengera kuyesayesa kwakukulu, koma nthawi zambiri zimawongolera kuthekera kwazidziwitso zomwe sizowukira.
Zomwe mukufunikira kudziwa za ultrasound ya kapamba
Munthu aliyense atakwanitsa zaka 25 ayenera kuti kamodzi pachaka azichita ziwonetserozo zamkati, kuphatikizira ndi kuphipha kwa kapamba. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo omwe moyo wawo ndi wautali kwambiri kapena wogwira ntchito omwe amasiya kukhala ofunikira.
Nthawi zambiri, pamikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri, ziwalo zamkati zimatha msanga kuposa maonekedwe a munthu, ndipo zovuta za khansa zimachitika nthawi zambiri kuposa anthu amsinkhu umodzi, koma kumakhala moyo wakhazikika komanso wathanzi.
Chifukwa chiyani makamaka kapamba?
Chifukwa limapanga kiyi ya hormone (insulin), yomwe imapangitsa kulowa m'mphamvu m'maselo. Pakakhala kulephera pantchito yake, ziwalo zonse zimafa ndi njala, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto.
Inde, asayansi sanapezebe mankhwala omwe angachiritse kwathunthu kapamba kapena matenda ashuga. Pano, kupewa ndi kulandira chithandizo panthawi yake pamene zizindikilo zoyambirira zikuchitika ndizofunika kwambiri. Zikondamoyo ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri chathanzi lathanzi.
Ngati wodwalayo adayikiridwa kuti ayendetse pamimba pamimba, ndiye kuti dokotala wa ultrasound amayeneranso kufufuza kapamba, kuwunika mawonekedwe ake ndi kukula kwake. Komabe, pali zizindikiro zingapo zochititsa mantha zomwe zimatha kuphunzitsidwa mwatsatanetsatane za chiwalochi.
- Ngati munthu akuzunzidwa kwa masabata angapo chifukwa cha kupweteka kwam'mimba ndikutuluka kwakanthawi mu hypochondrium yakumanzere, Kudzimva kosasangalatsa komanso kupsinjika m'mimba pambuyo pakudya pang'ono, Kugunda kwamkamwa ndikusinthira kudzimbidwa ndi kutsekula m'mimba, Slight jaundice wa pakhungu ndi mucous membrane: . Nthawi zambiri, mkhalidwe wa gland umatengera chiwindi. Pa ululu uliwonse m'derali, muyenera kupenda mayendedwe ake ndi momwe chiwindi chilili.
Pamaso pa zisonyezo zilizonse zomwe zalembedwa, munthu amayenera kufufuza mosamalitsa ziwalo zonse zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi chimbudzi. Ntchito ya adotolo ndikuzindikira zizindikiro zowopsa munthawi yake, ndipo wodwalayo ayenera kukonzekera bwino kafukufukuyu.
Kodi kuphunzira kumakhala kopindulitsa motani?
Transabdominal ultrasound ya kapamba imawerengedwa kuti ndi njira yophunzitsira, komabe, ndiyoperewera molondola ku MRI ndi CT. Zomwe zimapezeka pamawonekedwe a sonography zimatilola kuti tidziwe zonse zamomwe dongosolo la endocrine limayambira. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimatha kupereka chithunzi chosakwanira cha thanzi la thupi kapena kusokoneza zizindikiritso zomaliza. Pakati pawo:
- ziyeso zokwanira zaukatswiri,
- malo apadera a gland (chifukwa cha zomwe wodwalayo ali nazo, ngakhale zimapezeka kawirikawiri mwa anthu onenepa kwambiri komanso mwachangu),
- kunyalanyazidwa ndi munthu wa malamulo okonzekera njirayi (zakudya zopanda thanzi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsedwa kwakanthawi).
Kuzindikira sikumapangidwa pamaziko a ultrasound yokha. Kuti mumve bwino zofufumitsa, zomwe zimatchedwa endoscopic sonography zitha kuchitidwa, zomwe zimadziwika ndi Ultra-usahihi. Mkati mwake, chubu chopapatiza, chotalikirapo chimayikidwa m'mimba kudzera m'mphuno kapena pakamwa, pomwe kumapeto kwake kuli kamera yaying'ono komanso chipangizo cha ultrasound chokhazikika.
Pakupezeka chiphuphu, madokotala nthawi zambiri amakupatsani mankhwala okayikitsa kuti akapitirize kufufuza za mbiri yakale, chifukwa ndizosatheka kudziwa mtundu wa chotupacho pogwiritsa ntchito ultrasound.
Mtengo wodziwika bwino wazovuta pafupifupi 500-600 rubles. M'madera ena, ma ultrasound okha a kapamba amatha kugula ma ruble 350-490 kapena mpaka ma ruble 950.
Mtengo wa sonography mwachindunji umangotengera malo omwe kuchipatala amapereka ntchitoyi, komanso ziyeneretso za akatswiri ndi zida zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito. Ngati ma ultrasound a gland amachitika ngati mbali imodzi yowunika bwino pamimba, ndiye kuti mtengo wake ukhale 1370-4000 rubles.
Zizindikiro zaumoyo
Ultrasound ya kapamba mwa munthu wathanzi sichimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kudziwa kukhalapo kwa kusintha kwa ma pathological. Kutanthauzira kwa njirayi kumachepetsedwa kukhala zonena za thanzi lathunthu.
- Thupi la nduluyo ili pamalo osasinthika okhala ndi mawonekedwe. Zingwe zazing'ono mpaka 1.5-3 mm nthawi zina zimakhala zovomerezeka. Kukula ndi chiwonetsero cha chithunzicho (echogenicity) cha kapamba, ngati kukonzekera koyenera kunachitika, kumayandikira kwambiri chifanizo cha ndulu ndi chiwindi. Pa phunziroli, mawonekedwe a anatomical a chiwalo amawoneka bwino: mutu, isthmus, njira yopangira ndobo ndi mchira. Dipatimenti iliyonse ya gland imakhala ndi mtundu wake wogwira ntchito. Kupatuka kwakung'ono ndikololedwa kokha ndikuwunika koyesa kwamwazi wamagazi. Mutu, makulidwe nthawi zonse - mpaka 32 mm, thupi mpaka 21 mm, ndi mchira wofikira mpaka 35 mm.
Makulidwe osintha ndi ma ultrasound a kapamba siofunikira. Chofunika kwambiri ndikuphatikizidwa kwa zizindikiro zingapo. Ngati mafunde a gland ali omveka bwino komanso, monga momwe amafunikira, ndiye kuti ntchitoyo komanso momwe gululi limakhalira limakwaniritsidwa.
Kuunikira umboni pakuwunika kwakwe kumawonetsa ngati chiwalocho chili ndi vuto losakwanira kutuluka kwa magazi komanso ngati pali zolepheretsa m'njira zotumphukira monga zotupa. Ngati kusintha koteroko kulipo, muyenera kuyeza kukula kwake ndi kapangidwe ka nsaluyo.
Chofunika kwambiri ndi mkhalidwe wa chotupa cha gland (Wirsung duct). Ngati pali kusintha kulikonse, ndiye kuti pali kukayikira kwa chotupa m'mutu wa gland kapena pancreatitis.
Pankhaniyi, kukonzekera koyenera kokha ndi komwe kungathandize dokotala kuti azindikire moyenera, ndipo kudwala kwa m'maganizo ndi komwe kumatsimikizira kutulutsa kwazomwe zimasintha minofu. Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo ayenera kukonzekera ndikuyang'ana chithandizo chachitali.
Ultrasound ya kapamba
Pancreatitis imatha kupezeka ndi ultrasound. Maphunziro owopsa a nthenda yayikuluyi amakhudza kwathunthu kapangidwe ka kapamba, kukula kwake, kapangidwe ka minofu ndi mawonekedwe. Acute pancreatitis ali ndi magawo angapo a chitukuko ndipo aliyense ali ndi "chithunzi" chake pa scan ya ultrasound.
Pa chilichonse chaiwo chidzawoneka kuti mawonekedwe a ziwalozo sakugwirizana ndi zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pazenera. Kuti tisiyanitse gawo limodzi ndi linzake, ndikofunikira kuti kukonzekera njirayi kunatsatiridwa.
Gawo loyamba la matendawa ndikuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa zindudu. Pali mafunde opyapyala ndi kukulitsa kwamphamvu kwa thonje. Nthawi zambiri, kusintha kwa zamatenda kumafalikira kwa ziwalo zapafupi.
Kuchulukana kwawo kumawonjezeka. Chimbudzi chokulirapo chimatha kufinya ziwiya zazikulu ndikusokoneza chakudya pafupi ndi ziwalo zabodza. Kusintha koteroko kumaonekera bwino ndikusintha kopanga ngakhale kukonzekera sikunachitike ndi wodwalayo.
Ndi kupitirira kwa kapamba mpaka gawo la necrotic pakhungu la chithaphwi, ma pseudocysts amatha kuganiziridwa. Ngati kusintha kwa kafukufukuyu kukuchitika ndi katswiri wodziwa bwino, azitha kuzindikira kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya ziwalo. Ngati matendawa adanyalanyazidwa kwambiri, ndiye kuti cholumikizira ndi chosafunikira pazitseko zam'mimba ndi thumba cholocha chawonekera.
Ultrasound ya kapamba mu njira zovulaza ndi zoyipa
Njira zambiri za pathological mu thupi la munthu zimatha kusinthitsa kapangidwe ka chiwalo. Chiwerengero chokwanira cha iwo chimatsogolera pancreatitis yovuta kapena yosatha. Chinthu choyamba chomwe chosunthidwa ndi ultrasound chimazindikira muzochitika zimasinthidwa echogenicity. Kukula kwa chiwindi ndi ndulu zimayambiranso.
Zilonda zam'mimba ndi matumbo, kuvulala kwam'mimba, kuledzera, matenda osokoneza bongo, chifuwa cham'mimba, amyloidosis - zimabweretsa kusintha mu ziwalo. Zovuta zonse zosadziwika mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zimachitika pa diagnostics ya ultrasound sizithandiza kuulula mokwanira matenda a etiology.Koma, ngati kukonzekera konse kumatsatiridwa, ndiye kuti decryption ikhoza kupereka zambiri zowonjezera.
Ultrasound ya kapamba mu chosaopsa zotupa
Pali mitundu yambiri yamapangidwe oyipa. Maselo a endocrine system, omwe amawoneka ngati insulinomas, gastrinomas, amatha kupita pamlingo wakutukuka. Poterepa, kukula kwa kutulutsa kwake kumawonjezeka. Pali mitundu ingapo ya zotupa za ma membala (lipoma, fibroma).
Pali zotupa zosakanikirana za neurofibromas, hemangiomas, neuromas, ndi adenomas, etc. Ndikosavuta kuzizindikira pa ultrasound. Komabe, ngati wodwalayo adatha kukonzekera phunzirolo, ndipo kukonzekera kumatenga zofunikira zonse, ndiye mwayi wakuvomerezeka wa njira za chotupa ukuwonjezeka.
Pancreatic ultrasound ya zotupa zoyipa
Kupatuka kwazomwe zimachitika pakamayeso a ultrasound ndikosinthidwa kwa ziwalo. Koma kafukufuku wamtunduwu sangawunikire mtundu wa kusintha. Kuwunika kwa mbiriyakale kwa zimakhala zosinthika kumafunikira.
Chifukwa chake, pazochitika zambiri pamene zodwala zomwe zimakhala ndi ultrasound zimayendera limodzi ndi kusanthula bwino, ndipo kufalikira kwa ziwalo kumawonetsa kukhalapo kwa njira zotupa, kuwunika kwa mbiriyakale ya minofu ya pancreatic nthawi zonse kumayikidwa.
Kukonzekera koyenera kwa ultrasound ya kapamba
Musanapange ma ultrasound a kapamba, ndikofunikira kuchita zingapo pokonzekera. Kuyang'anira kwawo kudzapereka chithunzithunzi chomveka bwino cha chitho cham'mimba komanso zotsatira zoyenera kwambiri. Njira zakonzekera zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:
- zakudya zapadera, mankhwala ochepa, kusiya zizolowezi zoipa (kusuta fodya ndi kumwa).
Kutsatira malamulowa, omwe afotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane pansipa, kudzalola kuti paphunziroli lipindule kwambiri.
Kulondola kwa mankhwala apadera
Chepetsani kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amapezeka mkati mwamatumbo Asanapemphedwe, magulu atatu azinthu amalola:
- adsorbents, michere ya pancreatic, mankhwala oopsa.
Kaboni yodziyimira imakhala ngati classor adsorbent. Muyenera kumwa kawiri pa tsiku kwa masiku awiri 1-2 musanayambe kuphunzira piritsi limodzi pa 10 makilogalamu a kulemera kwa thupi. Mutha kumwa malasha pafupipafupi - mpaka katatu pa tsiku, koma kuchuluka kwa mapiritsi kuyenera kuchepetsedwa kukhala zidutswa za 1-2.
Mankhwala abwino a carminative ndi espumisan. Iyenera kutengedwa kawiri patsiku kwa zidutswa za 1-2, isanachitike ndi ultrasound ya kapamba.
Ma Enzymes omwe ali ndi phindu pa ntchito ya gland ndi mezim (pancreatin), panzinorm, festal. Mutha kumwa kamodzi pamankhwala omwe mwawonetsedwa, chidutswa chimodzi katatu patsiku musanafike mayeso.
Ndikosayenera kumwa mankhwala omwe sanaphatikizidwe pamndandanda womwe uli pamwambapa. Chosiyana ndi malingaliro a dokotala ndipo amagwira ntchito kokha kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osachiritsika.