Mediulin Insulin - Mndandanda wa Mankhwala

Ku Russian Federation, pafupifupi 45 peresenti ya anthu omwe amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a insulin m'miyoyo yawo yonse. Kutengera ndi mtundu wa mankhwala, dokotala amatha kukupatsani insulin yochepa, yapakati komanso yayitali.

Mankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga ndi ma insulini apakati. Hormone yotere imayendetsedwa kamodzi kapena kawiri pa tsiku.

Popeza kuperewera kwa mankhwalawa kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, kutsitsa kwa shuga kumayamba ola limodzi ndi theka pambuyo pobayira.

Mitundu ya insulin

1. Kuchita zinthu mwachangu insulin kumayamba kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi mphindi 15-30 pambuyo pakulowetsedwa m'thupi. Kuchuluka kwambiri m'magazi kumatha kuchitika pambuyo pa ola limodzi ndi theka mpaka maola awiri, pafupifupi, insulin yotere imatha kuchita kuyambira maola 5 mpaka 8.
2. Kutalika kwapakati-insulini kumatsitsa shuga m'magazi amodzi ndi theka mpaka maola awiri atapangidwa. Pazipita kuchuluka kwa chinthu m'magazi zimawonedwa pambuyo pa maola 5-8, mphamvu ya mankhwalawa imatha kwa maola 10-12.
3. Hemidulini yomwe imagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali imagwira ntchito maola awiri kapena anayi pambuyo popereka thupi. Mulingo wokulirapo wa kuchuluka kwa chinthu m'magazi umawonedwa pambuyo pa maola 8-12. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya insulin, mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito tsiku limodzi. Palinso ma insulin omwe ali ndi vuto la hypoglycemic kwa maola 36.

Komanso, insulin, kutengera njira yoyeretsera, imatha kukhala yachilendo, yopanga monopic ndi monocomponent. Mwa njira yokhazikika, kuyeretsedwa kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito chromatografia, monopic nsonga ya insulin imapezeka ndikudziyeretsa ndi gel chromatography. Kwa insulin yokhazikika, ion-exchange chromatography imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa.

Mlingo wa kuyeretsa umaweruzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ma proinsulin particles miliyoni miliyoni a insulin. Kuchita kwa insulin nthawi yayitali kumatheka chifukwa chakuti timadzi ta mankhwalawa timapatsidwa chithandizo chapadera ndipo mapuloteni ndi zinc amawonjezeredwa kwa iwo.

Kuphatikiza apo, ma insulins amagawidwa m'magulu angapo, kutengera njira yomwe akonzekera. Insulin yozizira yaumunthu imapezeka ndi kaphatikizidwe ka bakiteriya ndi semisynthesis ku kapamba wa nkhumba. Hulinologous insulin imapangidwa kuchokera ku zikondamoyo za ng'ombe ndi nkhumba.

Semi-yopanga insulin yamunthu imapezeka ndikusintha amino acid alanine ndi threonine. Insulin yotere nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wodwala matenda ashuga akukana insulin, mankhwala ena osokoneza bongo.

Insulin Yapakatikati

Kuchuluka kwakukulu kumatha kuchitika pambuyo pa maola 6-10. Kutalika kwa ntchito ya mankhwalawa zimatengera Mlingo wosankhidwa.

Makamaka, mukamayambitsa magawo a 8-12 a mahomoni, insulin idzakhala yogwira ntchito kwa maola 12-14, ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mlingo wa 20-25, mankhwalawa adzatha maola 16-18.

Kuphatikiza kwakukulu ndikuthekera kwa kusakanikirana kwa mahomoni ndi insulin yofulumira. Kutengera kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe kake, mankhwalawa ali ndi mayina osiyanasiyana. Odziwika bwino ndi ma insulins a nthawi yayitali:

• Insuman Bazal,
• Biosulin N,
• Berlinsulin-N basal,
• Homofan 100,
• Protofan NM,
• Humulin NRH.

Komanso pamashelefu ammalo ogulitsa mankhwala, mankhwala amakono opangira Russian Brinsulmi-di ChSP amaperekedwa, omwe ali ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa insulin ndi protamine.

Ma insulini apakatikati apakati amasonyezedwa kwa:

1. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga
2. Type 2 matenda a shuga,
3. Pankhani ya zovuta za shuga mu mawonekedwe a ketoacidosis, acidosis,
4. Ndi chitukuko cha matenda oopsa, matenda wamba, opaleshoni yayikulu, nthawi yothandizira, zoopsa, zovuta za odwala matenda ashuga.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mahormone

Jakisoni amachitidwa m'mimba, ntchafu. Zotsogola, matako. Mlingo umatsimikiziridwa payekhapayekha, pazotsatira za dokotala. Mothandizidwa ndi mtsempha wa magazi amaloledwa.

Ndikofunikira kutsatira malingaliro onse a dokotala pakusankha mtundu wa mahomoni, mlingo komanso nthawi yodziwikiratu. Ngati munthu wodwala matenda ashuga amasuntha kuchokera ku nkhumba kapena ng'ombe ya insulin kupita kwa munthu wofananayo, kusintha kwa mankhwala kumafunika.

Pamaso pa kuperekera mankhwalawa, vial amayenera kugwedezeka pang'ono kuti zosungunulira zisakanikirane kwathunthu komanso mawonekedwe amadzimadzi. Mlingo wofunika wa insulin umakokedwa nthawi yomweyo ndikulowetsa.

Simungathe kugwedeza mwamphamvu botolo kuti thovu lisawonekere, izi zingasokoneze kusankha kwa mlingo woyenera. Syringe ya insulin iyenera kufanana ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Asanayambitse insulin, tsamba la jakisili silifunikira kuzunzidwa. Ndikofunikira kusintha mawebusayiti enanso. Chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti singano siyalowa m'mitsempha yamagazi.

1. Makonzedwe a insulin mu matenda a shuga amachitika 45-60 Mphindi pamaso chakudya kawiri pa tsiku.
2. Odwala achikulire omwe mankhwalawo amaperekedwa kwa nthawi yoyamba ayenera kulandira mlingo woyambirira wa magawo 8-24 kamodzi patsiku.
3. Pamaso pa kukhudzika kwakukulu kwa mahomoni, ana ndi akulu amawongolera osaposa magawo 8 patsiku.
4. Ngati kukhudzika kwa mahomoni kumachepetsedwa, amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito Mlingo wamagulu opitilira 24 patsiku.
5. Mlingo umodzi wapamwamba ukhoza kukhala 40 mayunitsi. Kuchulukitsa izi ndizotheka pokhapokha pangozi yadzidzidzi.

Kutalika kwa insulin kungagwiritsidwe ntchito molumikizana ndi insulin yochepa. Pankhaniyi, insulin yothamanga imasonkhanitsidwa koyamba mu syringe. Jakisoni amachitidwa nthawi yomweyo mankhwala atasakanikirana.

Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kapangidwe ka insulin, popeza ndizoletsedwa kusakaniza kukonzekera kwa zinc ndi mahomoni okhala ndi phosphate.

Musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa, vala uyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala. Ngati ma flakes kapena tinthu tina tomwe tawoneka m'moyo mwake ndikuyambitsa, insulini sichivomerezedwa. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa malinga ndi malangizo omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi cholembera. Kuti mupewe zolakwika, dokotala ayenera kukuphunzitsani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito chipangizocho kulowa mu mahomoni.

Amayi omwe amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga nthawi ya bere ayenera kuwunika magazi awo. Munthawi iliyonse ya mimba, ndikofunikira kusintha mlingo, kutengera zosowa za thupi.

Komanso, kusintha kwa muyezo wa timadzi timene kumafunikira pakuyamwa.

Gulu la insulin kukonzekera

Insulin ndi mahomoni ofunikira omwe amapangidwa ndi magulu a maselo a pancreatic omwe amakhala mchira wake.

Ntchito yayikulu yogwira ntchito ndikuwongolera kagayidwe kachakudya ka magazi m'thupi. Secretion yamafuta obisika, omwe amachititsa kuti shuga azituluka, amatchedwa shuga.

Anthu omwe akudwala matendawa amafunikira chithandizo chothandizira pafupipafupi komanso kukonza zakudya.

Popeza kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'thupi sikokwanira kuthana ndi ntchitozo, madokotala amakupatsani mankhwala ena omwe amathandizira, omwe ndi insulin omwe amapezeka mwa kuphatikizira kwa labotale. Otsatirawa ndi mitundu yayikulu ya insulin, komanso zomwe kusankha kwa izi kapena mankhwalawo kumakhazikitsidwa.

Magulu a mahormone

Pali magawo angapo pamaziko a omwe endocrinologist amasankha mtundu wa chithandizo. Mwa chiyambi ndi mitundu, mitundu yotsatila ya mankhwala imasiyanitsidwa:

• Insulin yopangidwa kuchokera ku zikondamoyo za oimira ng'ombe. Kusiyana kwake ndi mahomoni amthupi la munthu ndikupezeka kwa mitundu ina itatu ya amino acid, yomwe imakhudza kupangika kwa zinthu zingapo zosagwirizana.
• Porcine insulin ili pafupi kwambiri ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi mahomoni amunthu. Kusiyana kwake ndikusinthidwa kwa amino acid amodzi mumapuloteni.
• Kukonzekera kwainsomba kumasiyana ndi mahomoni oyambira a anthu kuposa momwe amapangira ng'ombe. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
• Mndandanda wa anthu, womwe umapangidwa m'njira ziwiri: kugwiritsa ntchito Escherichia coli (insulin ya anthu) ndikusintha amino acid "yosayenera" mu mtundu wa porcine (mtundu wopangidwa ndi majini).

Molecule ya insulin - tinthu tating'onoting'ono kwambiri timene timakhala ndi ma amino acid

Chothandizira

Kupatukana kwotsatira kwa mitundu ya insulin kumatengera kuchuluka kwa zigawo zina. Ngati mankhwalawo ali ndi kapangidwe ka kapamba amtundu umodzi wa nyama, mwachitsanzo, nkhumba kapena ng'ombe yokhayo, amatanthauza othandizira a monovoid. Ndi kuphatikiza pamodzi kwa mitundu ingapo ya nyama, insulin imatchedwa kuphatikiza.

Contraindication ndi bongo

Ndi mlingo wolakwika, wodwalayo amatha kuona zizindikiro za hypoglycemia monga thukuta lozizira, kufooka kwambiri, khungu, khungu, mtima, kunjenjemera, mantha, nseru, kugundana m'malo osiyanasiyana a thupi, mutu. Munthu amatha kudwala matenda osokoneza bongo.

Ngati hypoglycemia yofatsa kapena yolimbitsa thupi imawonedwa, wodwalayo ayenera kulandira shuga wambiri mu mapiritsi, msuzi wa zipatso, uchi, shuga ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga.

Ngati matenda oopsa a hypoglycemia apezeka, munthuyo amadziona kapena ali ndi vuto lakumiseche, 50 ml ya glucose 50% ya jekeseni wa jekeseni wovulaza amapezeka mwachangu. Chotsatira ndi kulowetsedwa kosalekeza kwa 5% kapena 10% yamadzimadzi amadzimadzi. Nthawi yomweyo, amawunikira omwe amawonetsa shuga, creatinine, ndi urea m'magazi.

Wodwalayo akayambanso kuzindikira, amapatsidwa chakudya chambiri chopatsa mphamvu kuti asayambenso kuwonongeka ndi hypoglycemia.

Kutalika kwapanthawi insulin imaphatikizidwa mu:

• achina,
• insuloma
• Hypersensitivity kwa timadzi ta insulin kapena mbali iliyonse ya mankhwala.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mankhwalawa amatha kuyambitsa mavuto omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka ndimankhwala osokoneza bongo, zosiyidwa kapena zakudya zochepa, kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri, ndikupanga matenda oyambitsidwa ndi matenda. Pankhaniyi, zizindikirazi zimayendera limodzi ndi hypoglycemia, matenda amitsempha, kunjenjemera, zovuta za kugona.

Zotsatira zoyipa zimawonedwa ngati wodwalayo amakhala ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa zambiri za insulin. Wodwala amakhala ndi kupuma movutikira, kukhudzana kwa anaphylactic, kuzizira pakhungu, kutupa kwa larynx, kupuma movutikira. Vuto lalikulu la chifuwa limatha kuyika moyo wa munthu pangozi.

Ngati mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwanthawi yayitali, lipodystrophy imatha kuwonedwa pamalo opangira jakisoni.

Ndi hypoglycemia, chidwi cha anthu nthawi zambiri chimachepa komanso kuthamanga kwa psychomotor reaction kumachepa, ndiye kuti panthawi yochira simuyenera kuyendetsa galimoto kapena kuyendetsa njira zazikulu.

Kuchita ndi mankhwala ena

Zoyimitsa, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zinc, siziyenera konse kusakanikirana ndi insulini wokhala ndi phosphate, kuphatikiza kuti siziphatikizidwa ndi kukonzekera kwina kwa zinc-insulin.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena, ndikofunikira kufunsa dokotala, chifukwa mankhwala ambiri angakhudze kupanga kwa shuga.

Kupititsa patsogolo zotsatira za hypoglycemic ya insulin ya mahomoni ndikuchulukitsa chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia mankhwala monga:

1. manzeru
2. monoamine oxidase zoletsa
3. m`kamwa hypoglycemic wothandizira
4. ifosfamides, alpha-blockers,
5. sulfonamides,
6. angiotensin otembenuza enzyme zoletsa,
7. tritoxylin,
8. disopyramids
9. mafupa
10. onjezerani
11. fluoxetines.

Komanso, pentoxifyllines, propoxyphenes, salicylates, amphetamines, anabolic steroids, ndi triphosphamides amachitanso chimodzimodzi.

Limbikitsani kapena kufooketsa mphamvu ya hypoglycemic ya mah salicylates, mchere wa lithiamu, beta-blockers, reserpine, clonidine. Mofananamo zimakhudza thupi ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa.

Ma diuretics, glucocorticosteroids, sympathomimetics, njira zakulera pakamwa, antidepressants atatu amatha kufooketsa insulin.

Mu kanema munkhaniyi, zambiri za Protafan insulin zimaperekedwa mwatsatanetsatane.

Kodi insulin ndi chiyani

Homoni imayikidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana.

Kutengera ndi chiyambi, zimachitika:

• Nkhumba. Ali pafupi kwambiri ndi anthu.
• Ng'ombe. Zimapezeka kuchokera kapamba. Nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa matenda chifukwa odwala ndi osiyana, chifukwa ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi anthu.
• Wamunthu Amapangidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito Escherichia coli.
• Nkhumba yosinthidwa. Zimapezeka ndikusintha mu ma hormone a nkhumba imodzi yosayenera ya amino acid pamunthu.

Mitundu ya insulin imadziwikanso ndi kuyeretsedwa. Mankhwala achikhalidwe ndi mahomoni amadzimadzi, omwe amasefa kusefedwa ndi crystallization. Kukonzekera kwa Monopik kumachitika ndi chithandizo chofanana ndi chikhalidwe, komabe, kusefedwa kwamagetsi kumachitika kumapeto. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mupange kuyengedwa pang'ono. Njira yothanirana ndi chinthu ndiye njira yoyenera kwambiri kwa munthu. Kuyeretsa kofunikira kumapezeka ndi kusefera ndi kuzingidwa pamaselo a maselo.

Zosiyanasiyana za insulin zimatha kuchita mwachangu. Posakhalitsa zotsatira zomwe zikufunidwa zikwaniritsidwa, ndizochepa.

Chifukwa chake, lamuloli ndi losiyanitsidwa.

• kopitilira muyeso
• mwachidule
• nthawi yayitali
• kuchitapo kanthu kwa nthawi yayitali.

Awiri oyamba amabwera musanadye chakudya chilichonse kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Awiri awa ndiwothandiza kwambiri ndipo amaperekedwa kwa wodwala mpaka kawiri patsiku.

Zolemba za insulin yapakatikati

Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa insulini yapakati ndikuti imagwira mphindi 10 pambuyo pakubaya. Izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa.

Mankhwala ena amaphatikizidwa bwino ndi mahomoni amfupi ndi a ultrashort ngati zotsatira zake zimafunikira nthawi yomweyo. Kuchuluka kwa nthawi yayitali insulini kumatsimikiziridwa ndikuwonongeka kwake pang'onopang'ono. Sikuti imasintha kukula kwa shuga, komanso imathandizira kagayidwe kazinthu.

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito insulin yayitali

Mankhwala aliwonse amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a ntchito. Maunda si choncho.

Kuzindikira kwa shuga - ingomwani tsiku lililonse.

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito insulin ya nthawi yayitali:

1. Choyambirira chomwe munthu wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuchita asanalange jakisoni ndikutsuka ndikusambitsa m'manja ndi malo opukusira. Kumbukirani kuti insulin iwonongedwa ndi mowa, ndiye kuti jakisoni ungachitike pokhapokha khungu la khungu litapukuta.
2. Ma ampoule omwe ali ndi mahomoni amayenera kugwedezeka kwathunthu musanagwiritse ntchito. Madzi akakhala opindika, amakhala okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito.
3. Kuphatikizikako nthawi yomweyo kumayimbidwa ndi syringe. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito cholembera cha insulin kapena cholembera. Kutalika kwapakati insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pobayira, apo ayi sikugwira ntchito.
4. Mankhwalawa amalowetsedwa mu ntchafu, pamimba, pabowo kapena phewa. Tsamba latsopano la jekeseni liyenera kuchotsedwa kuchokera pamasentimita awiri apitayo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera mankhwalawo ndiko chinsinsi chothandiza.

Kusungidwa kwa insulin

Hormone yotalika kutalika iyenera kusungidwa kutentha, kupewa dzuwa. Izi ndizofunikira kuti ma flakes ndi grunles zisapange madzi, momwe zingakhalire zovuta kuti zikwaniritse.

Insulin yapakatikati imagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga lamulo, mpaka kawiri pa tsiku. Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa mlingo woyamba, muyenera kuyang'anira bwino moyo wanu.Ngati mankhwalawa atha kupitirira maola 4, ndiye kuti jekeseni wachiwiri silofunikira.

Chithandizo cha insulini ndichikhalidwe komanso kuphatikiza. Ndi mankhwala achikhalidwe, wodwalayo amapatsidwa mankhwala omwe amaphatikiza mahomoni a nthawi yayitali komanso nthawi yayifupi. Kuphatikizanso ndikuti wodwalayo ayenera kupanga ma punctuff ochepa, komabe, njira iyi yothandizira siyothandiza. Chithandizo chotere chimaperekedwa kwa okalamba, odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la m'maganizo omwe sangathe kudziyimira pawokha mlingo wa insulin yochepa.

Mankhwala ophatikiza:

Kuphatikiza chithandizo, mahomoni afupia ndi apakati amayendetsedwa popanda wina aliyense. Izi ndizabwino kwambiri, chifukwa zimasinthana ndi kapamba. Amalandira pafupifupi odwala matenda ashuga onse.

Mayina Mankhwala Osokoneza bongo

Pazipita achire zotsatira za insulin wa sing'anga nthawi zimatheka pambuyo maolainjili. Kutalika kwa zochita zimatengera Mlingo womwe wasankhidwa.

Ma insulin omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi awa:

"Humulin NPH" imapezeka ngati kuyimitsidwa kwa makonzedwe pansi pa khungu. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi insulin yaumunthu yopangidwa ndi njira yofufuza ma genetic. Asanagwiritse ntchito, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwalawa ziyenera kukulungidwa kangapo pakati pa manja. Izi ndizofunikira kuti emulsion ikhale yopanda pake, ndipo mpweya woterewu umaphatikizidwa ndi madzi. Malonda okonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe amafanana ndi mkaka. Monga mankhwala aliwonse, zimachitikira zonse ndi zovuta zake.

Timapereka kuchotsera kwa owerenga tsamba lathu!

Ngati muli ndi ziwengo, muyenera kufunsa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Mungafunike kusintha mankhwala kapena mtundu wa insulin. Pazotsatira zoyipa, hypoglycemia imachitika nthawi zambiri kuposa ena. Mtundu wofatsa wa shuga wochepa sufuna kuwongoleredwa komanso kulowererapo kuchipatala. Ngati zizindikiro za hypoglycemia zikuwoneka, muyenera kupita kuchipatala mwadzidzidzi.

"Homofan 100" imapangidwa ngati kuyimitsidwa kwa makina oyendetsa. The yogwira thunthu ndi semisynthetic anthu insulin. Mankhwalawa amapaka jekeseni mpaka kawiri pa tsiku. Jakisoni woyamba ayenera kuchitidwa m'mawa 30 mpaka 30 m'mawa asanadye chakudya cham'mawa. Tsamba la jakisoni liyenera kusinthidwa. Kuchuluka kwake kumatheka pambuyo pa ola limodzi jakisoni. Kutalika kwa mankhwalawa kumachokera maola 10 mpaka tsiku limodzi. Zimatengera mlingo wosankhidwa.

Mwa zina zoyipa, zofala kwambiri ndizo: urticaria, kuyabwa pakhungu, kupweteka pamalo a jekeseni, kugona, kutentha thupi ndi hypoglycemia. Monga lamulo, ndizakanthawi. Musanagwiritse ntchito, ndikofunikira kuti mufufuze zomwe zili pamwambowo. Ngati mpweya wapanga, madziwo ndi mitambo, mankhwalawo sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

"Protafan NM Penfill" - kuyimitsidwa koyang'anira pakhungu. Kupuma, mitundu yoyera yoyera yomwe imasungunuka kwathunthu ndikugwedezeka. Chomwe chimagwira ndi insulin yaumunthu, yomwe imapangidwa m'njira yofanizira. Mankhwalawa amalowetsedwa mu ntchafu, pamimba, pabowo kapena phewa. Kuthamanga kwambiri kumachitika pambuyo poti jekeseni wa peritoneum.

Mankhwalawa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi yoyembekezera, chifukwa insulin siyidutsa placenta ndipo singavulaze mwana wosabadwayo. M'malo mwake, hyperglycemia popanda chithandizo choyenera imawopseza thanzi la mwana. Ngati wodwala akudwala matenda a chiwindi kapena impso, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa mlingo wa mankhwalawo. Thupi lawo siligwirizana nthawi zambiri. Zotsatira zoyipa zimapitikiranso pazokha ndipo sizifunikira kusintha kwa mankhwala.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti ndi dokotala yekha yemwe angatchule mankhwala a insulin ndi mlingo wake. Kusintha kuchokera ku mankhwala kupita kwina kuyeneranso kuchitika moyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala. Odwala a shuga ayenera kudziwa kuti chithandizo chokwanira chimamangidwa pazinthu zazikulu zitatu: kudya, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kudumpha zakudya kapena katundu wambiri kumayambitsa hypoglycemia. Kusintha konse pakukhala bwino kuyenera kuuzidwa kwa asing'anga munthawi yake.

Matenda a shuga nthawi zonse amayambitsa zovuta zakupha. Mwazi wamagazi ochulukirapo ndi woopsa kwambiri.

Aronova S.M. adafotokoza za chithandizo cha matenda ashuga. Werengani kwathunthu

Kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsa

Kutengera kufunikira kwa chiyeretso cha chinthu chomwe chimagwira ntchito m'thupi, gulu lotsatirali lilipo:

• Chida chachikhalidwe ndikupangitsa kuti mankhwalawa akhale amadzimadzi ndi acid ethanol, kenako ndikumasefa kusefera, mchere wambiri ndi makristalo nthawi zambiri. Njira yotsuka sinayende bwino, popeza zochuluka zodetsa zimakhalabe pakapangidwe kazinthu.
• Mankhwala a Monopik - mgawo loyamba la kuyeretsa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yachikhalidwe, kenako kusefa pogwiritsa ntchito gelisi yapadera. Mlingo wa zosayera ndizochepa poyerekeza ndi njira yoyamba.
• Zogulitsa monocomponent - kuyeretsa kwakukuru kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kuzungulira kwa ma cell ndi ion chromatography, yomwe ndi njira yabwino kwambiri kwa thupi la munthu.

Hormonal mankhwala amakhala okhazikika kuti kuthamanga kwa zotsatira zake ndi kutalika kwa zochita:

• ultrashort
• mwachidule
• nthawi yayitali
• kutalika (kutalika)
• kuphatikiza (kuphatikiza).

Makina a zochita zawo amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana, omwe katswiri amaganizira posankha mankhwala othandizira.

Kuthana ndi mlingo ndi nthawi ya makonzedwe a insulin ndiye maziko othandizira

Ultrashort

Zapangidwa kuti muchepetse magazi. Mitundu ya insulin iyi imayendetsedwa musanadye, chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito chimawonekera mphindi 10 zoyambirira. Mphamvu yogwira kwambiri ya mankhwalawa imayamba, pakatha ola limodzi ndi theka.

Zoyipa zomwe gululi likutha kuchita siziyenda bwino komanso zochepa pamankhwala a shuga poyerekeza ndi oyimira ochepa.

Kumbukirani kuti mtundu wa mankhwala a ultrashort ndi wamphamvu kwambiri.

1 PIECE (gawo la muyeso wa insulin pakukonzekera) ya mahomoni a ultrashort amatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa glucose nthawi 1.5-2 mwamphamvu kuposa 1 PIECE ya oimira magulu ena.

Analogue ya insulin yaumunthu ndikuyimira gulu la ultrashort action. Amasiyana ndi mahomoni apansi pamakonzedwe a ma amino acid ena. Kutalika kwa kuchitapo kanthu kumatha kufika maola 4.

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga, kulekerera mankhwala a magulu ena, kukana insulini yodwala matenda amtundu wa 2, ngati mankhwala amkamwa sangathandize.

Mankhwala a Ultrashort ozikidwa ndi insulin. Amapezeka ngati njira yopanda utoto mu cholembera. Iliyonse imakhala ndi 3 ml ya mankhwala ofanana ndi 300 PISCES ya insulin. Ndi chithunzi cha mahomoni amunthu omwe adapangidwa ndi ntchito ya E. coli. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuthekera kwa kupereka mankhwala kwa amayi munthawi yakubereka mwana.

Woimira wina wotchuka wa gululi. Ntchito kuchiza akuluakulu ndi ana pambuyo 6 zaka. Ntchito mosamala pochiza odwala ndi okalamba. Mlingo wamtundu amasankhidwa payekha. Amabayidwa pang'onopang'ono kapena pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yapadera yopopera.

Kukonzekera kwakanthawi

Oimira gulu lino amadziwika kuti zochita zawo zimayambira mphindi 20-30 ndipo zimatha mpaka maola 6. Ma insulin afupiafupi amafunikira makonzedwe a mphindi 15 chakudya chisanafike. Maola ochepa mutatha jakisoni, ndikofunikira kupanga "snack" yaying'ono.

Muzochitika zina zamankhwala, akatswiri amaphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwapfupi ndi ma insulin omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali. Unikani za momwe wodwalayo alili, tsamba la oyang'anira mahomoni, mulingo komanso mawonekedwe a shuga.

Kuwongolera kwa glucose - gawo losatha la insulin

Oimira otchuka kwambiri:

• Actrapid NM ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi majini omwe amathandizidwa mosagwirizana komanso mwamitsempha. Intramuscular management ndiyothekanso, koma pokhapokha motsogozedwa ndi katswiri. Ndi mankhwala omwe mumalandira.
• "Humulin pafupipafupi" - amapatsidwa mankhwala a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, matenda omwe angopezedwa kumene komanso panthawi yoyembekezera ndi matenda omwe amadzisokoneza okha ndi insulin. Subcutaneous, intramuscular and intravenous management ndikotheka. Amapezeka m'makalata ndi mabotolo.
• Humodar R ndi mankhwala opangira theka omwe amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi ma insulin apakati. Palibe zoletsa zogwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi yoyembekezera komanso mkaka wa m`mawere.
• "Monodar" - amatchulidwa matenda amtundu 1 ndi 2, kukana mapiritsi, munthawi ya bere. Kukonzekera kwa nyama ya nkhumba.
• "Biosulin R" ndi mtundu wopangidwa ndi majini omwe amapezeka m'mabotolo ndi ma cartridge. Amakhala ndi "Biosulin N" - insulin ya nthawi yayitali yochitapo kanthu.

"Kutalika" mankhwala

Kukhazikika kwa ndalama kumachitika pambuyo pa maola 4-8 ndipo kumatha kukhala mpaka masiku 1.5-2. Ntchito yayikulu imawonetsedwa pakati pa maola 8 mpaka 16 kuchokera nthawi yomwe jakisoni.

Mankhwalawa ndi amisala amtengo wapatali. Zomwe zimagwira pophika ndi insulin glargine. Mosamala limayikidwa pa mimba. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwalawa a shuga ana osakwana zaka 6 osavomerezeka. Imayendetsedwa mosavuta kamodzi patsiku nthawi yomweyo.

Sungani cholembera ndi makatiriji omwe angathe kusinthidwa - injector yovomerezeka komanso yaying'ono

"Insulin Lantus", yomwe imagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala amodzi komanso kuphatikiza ndi mankhwala ena omwe amatsitsa kuchepetsa shuga. Amapezeka m'matumba a syringe ndi ma cartridge a pampu. Amangotulutsidwa ndi mankhwala okha.

Levemir Penfill

Njira yothetsera vuto la insulin. Analogue yake ndi Levemir Flexpen. Amapangidwa kuti azingoyang'anira ziwongola dzanja. Ophatikizidwa ndi mankhwala oikidwa, mosankha payekha.

Awa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amayimitsidwa, omwe amaphatikizira insulin "yochepa" komanso insulin ya nthawi yayitali mwanjira zina. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotere kumakuthandizani kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa jakisoni wofunikira pakati. Oimira akulu pagululi afotokozedwa pagome.

Malo osungira

Mankhwala ayenera kusungidwa mufiriji kapena mafiriji apadera. Botolo lotseguka silingasungidwe m'boma lino kwa masiku opitilira 30, popeza malonda amalandidwa.

Ngati pakufunika mayendedwe ndipo nthawi yomweyo mulibe mwayi wonyamula mankhwalawo mufiriji, muyenera kukhala ndi thumba lapadera ndi firiji (gel kapena ayezi).

Zofunika! Osalola kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi insulin ndi mafiriji, chifukwa izi zimapweteketsanso ntchito.

Mankhwala onse a insulin amatengera mitundu ingapo yamankhwala:

• Njira yachikhalidwe ndikuphatikiza mankhwala achidule komanso achidule kwa anthu 30/70 kapena 40/60, motsatana. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza anthu okalamba, odwala osazindikira komanso odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lamaganizidwe, chifukwa palibe chifukwa chowunikira shuga wowonjezera. Mankhwala amaperekedwa kawiri pa tsiku.
• Njira yowonjezereka - mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku umagawidwa pakati pa mankhwala osakhalitsa komanso achizungu. Yoyamba imayambitsidwa ndikudya, ndipo yachiwiri - m'mawa ndi usiku.

Mtundu wa insulin womwe mumafunikira umasankhidwa ndi adokotala, poganizira zomwe zingachitike:

• zizolowezi
• zochita za thupi
• kuchuluka kwa mawu oyamba ofunikira
• kuchuluka kwa miyezo ya shuga
• zaka
• Zizindikiro zamagalasi.

Chifukwa chake, masiku ano pali mitundu yambiri ya mankhwalawa pochiza matenda a shuga. Njira yosankhidwa bwino ya mankhwala komanso kutsatira malangizo aukatswiri kuthandizanso kukhala ndi milingo yama glucose m'njira yoyenera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ikugwira ntchito yonse.

Insulin Yapakatikati - Mankhwala a 56

Dzinalo: Semi-yopanga insulin-isophan ya anthu (Insulin-isophan human semisynthetic)

Fomu ya Mlingo: kuyimitsidwa koyenda

Machitidwe Insulin yochita pakati. Amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kuonjezera kuyamwa kwake ndi minofu, kumapangitsanso lipogenis ...

Zowonetsa: Type 1 shuga mellitus. Type 2 shuga mellitus, gawo la kukana mankhwalawa a hypoglycemic, kukana pang'ono pakamwa ...

Dzinalo: Semi-yopanga insulin-isophan ya anthu (Insulin-isophan human semisynthetic)

Fomu ya Mlingo: kuyimitsidwa koyenda

Machitidwe Insulin yochita pakati. Amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kuonjezera kuyamwa kwake ndi minofu, kumapangitsanso lipogenis ...

Zowonetsa: Type 1 shuga mellitus. Type 2 shuga mellitus, gawo la kukana mankhwalawa a hypoglycemic, kukana pang'ono pakamwa ...

Dzinalo: Semi-yopanga insulin-isophan ya anthu (Insulin-isophan human semisynthetic)

Fomu ya Mlingo: kuyimitsidwa koyenda

Machitidwe Insulin yochita pakati. Amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kuonjezera kuyamwa kwake ndi minofu, kumapangitsanso lipogenis ...

Zowonetsa: Type 1 shuga mellitus. Type 2 shuga mellitus, gawo la kukana mankhwalawa a hypoglycemic, kukana pang'ono pakamwa ...

Dzinalo: Semi-yopanga insulin-isophan ya anthu (Insulin-isophan human semisynthetic)

Fomu ya Mlingo: kuyimitsidwa koyenda

Machitidwe Insulin yochita pakati. Amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kuonjezera kuyamwa kwake ndi minofu, kumapangitsanso lipogenis ...

Zowonetsa: Type 1 shuga mellitus. Type 2 shuga mellitus, gawo la kukana mankhwalawa a hypoglycemic, kukana pang'ono pakamwa ...

Dzinalo: Semi-yopanga insulin-isophan ya anthu (Insulin-isophan human semisynthetic)

Fomu ya Mlingo: kuyimitsidwa koyenda

Machitidwe Insulin yochita pakati. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kumawonjezera mayamwidwe ndi zimakhala, kumapangitsanso lipogenis ...

Zowonetsa: Type 1 shuga mellitus. Type 2 shuga mellitus, gawo la kukana mankhwalawa a hypoglycemic, kukana pang'ono pakamwa ...

Dzinalo: Semi-yopanga insulin-isophan ya anthu (Insulin-isophan human semisynthet)

Fomu ya Mlingo: kuyimitsidwa koyenda

Machitidwe Insulin yochita pakati. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kumawonjezera mayamwidwe ndi zimakhala, kumapangitsanso lipogenis ...

Zowonetsa: Type 1 shuga mellitus. Type 2 shuga mellitus, gawo la kukana mankhwalawa a hypoglycemic, kukana pang'ono pakamwa ...

Dzinalo: Genetic engineering insulin-isophan (Insulin-isophan human biosynthetic)

Fomu ya Mlingo: kuyimitsidwa koyenda

Machitidwe Insulin yochita pakati. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kumawonjezera mayamwidwe ndi zimakhala, kumapangitsanso lipogenis ...

Zowonetsa: Type 1 shuga mellitus. Type 2 shuga mellitus, gawo la kukana mankhwalawa a hypoglycemic, kukana pang'ono pakamwa ...

Dzinalo: Nkhumba ya insulin-zinc monocomponent poyimitsidwa (Kuyimitsidwa kwa nkhumba ya insulin-zinc

Fomu ya Mlingo: kuyimitsidwa koyenda

Machitidwe Wothandizidwa ndi hypoglycemic, wopanga insulini wokonzekera. Imalumikizana ndi cholandirira china kumtundu wakunja ...

Zowonetsa: Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga 1 mellitus (wodalira insulin). Type 2 shuga mellitus (osadalira insulini): siteji yolimbana ndi hypoglycemic yamlomo ...

Dzinalo: Semi-yopanga insulin-isophan ya anthu (Insulin-isophan human semisynthet)

Fomu ya Mlingo: kuyimitsidwa koyenda

Machitidwe Insulin yochita pakati. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kumawonjezera mayamwidwe ndi zimakhala, kumapangitsanso lipogenis ...

Zowonetsa: Type 1 shuga mellitus. Type 2 shuga mellitus, gawo la kukana mankhwalawa a hypoglycemic, kukana pang'ono pakamwa ...

Gulu la Insulin: Gome la Mankhwala

Insulin ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe ndi gawo la mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala kuti asungitse kukhazikika kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo komanso matenda ena ophatikizika - makamaka, phazi la matenda ashuga.

Kusiyanitsa pakati pa insulin yopanga zachilengedwe ndi yopanga, yoyamba ndi mahomoni opangidwa ndi kapamba anthu kapena nyama zapakhomo.

Lachiwiri limapangidwa mu labotale mwa kuphatikiza chinthu chachikulu pogwiritsa ntchito zina zowonjezera. Ndi pamaziko omwe kukonzekera insulin kunapangidwa.

Ndi mitundu yina ya insulini yomwe ilipo ndipo ndi mankhwala ati omwe amagawidwa, gulu lawo ndi lotani? Popeza odwala amafunika jakisoni kangapo patsiku, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti musankhe mankhwala oyenera omwe amapezeka, chiyambi ndi zotsatira zake - osayambitsa zotsatira zoyipa ndi zovuta zina zosafunikira.

Zosiyanasiyana za insulin

Kugawa ndalama kumachitika malinga ndi zigawo zazikulu zotsatirazi:

• Kuthamanga kwa zochita pambuyo pa utsogoleri
• Kutalika kwa chochita
• Chiyambi
• Kutulutsa Fomu.

Kutengera izi, mitundu isanu yayikulu ya insulin imasiyanitsidwa.

1. Insulin yosavuta kapena ya ultrashort.
2. Kuwonetsera kwakanthawi insulin.
3. Insulin ndi nthawi yayitali yowonekera.
4. Kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali kapena insulin.
5. Mtundu wa Insulin wophatikizidwa komanso wopitilira.

Njira zakuchitikira zamafuta amitundu iliyonse ndizosiyana, ndipo akatswiri okhawo ndi omwe angadziwe mtundu wa insulini komanso momwe mungakhalire wodwala.

Cholinga cha mankhwala a mtundu wofunikayo chichitidwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe a matendawa, kuuma kwake, msinkhu komanso zikhalidwe za munthu wodwala. Kuti tichite izi, mayeso angapo amachitika, mbiri ya zamankhwala ndi chithunzi cha matenda ena opweteka m'mbiri zimaphunziridwa mosamala.

Kuwonongeka kwa mavuto kumathandizidwanso, makamaka ngati mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kwa okalamba kapena ana aang'ono. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse wamankhwala musanayambe kumwa.

Ultrashort insulin

Zinthu zamtunduwu zimayamba kugwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo, atangolowa mu magazi, koma nthawi yake imakhala yochepa - pafupifupi maola 3-4. Kuchuluka kwa insulin ya ultrashort m'thupi kumafikira ola limodzi pambuyo pa jekeseni.

Ntchito mawonekedwe: mankhwalawa mankhwala mosamalitsa musanadye kapena mutangomaliza kudya, mosasamala nthawi ya tsiku. Kupanda kutero, kuchitika kwa hypoglycemia kumatha kuchitika.

Zotsatira zoyipa: ngati sizinachitike mwachangu atangoyendetsa, sizimawonekeranso, ngakhale kuti pafupifupi mankhwala onse amtunduwu amasinthidwa ndipo angayambitse zovuta zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kusalolera kwa ziwalozo.

Mankhwala, mitundu ya insulin imaperekedwa mwa mitundu yotsatirayi ya mankhwala, maina:

1. "Insulin Apidra",
2. "Insulin Humalog"
3. Mwachangu-Changu.

Insulin yochepa

Zinthu zamtunduwu zimayamba kukhudza thupi mosapitirira mphindi 30 kuchokera pakukonzekera, koma osapitirira mphindi 20. Kuchuluka kwa zotsatira kumawonedwa pakapita maola atatu pambuyo pa utsogoleri, ndipo kumatha kukhala mpaka maola 6.

Zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito: tikulimbikitsidwa kuyambitsa vutoli musanadye chakudya. Pankhaniyi, pakati pa jakisoni ndi kuyamba kwa chakudya, kupuma pang'ono mphindi khumi ndi zisanu kuyenera kuonedwa.

Izi zimachitika kuti chiwopsezo cha mankhwalawa chikugwirizana pakapita nthawi ndipo kulowa kwa thupi ndi kuyamwa kwa michere.

Pakatha maola ochepa, insulini ikafika pazambiri zake, payenera kukhala chakudya china chaching'ono - chakudya.

Zotsatira zoyipa: zimawonedwa kawirikawiri, ngakhale kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, mosasamala kanthu kuti chinthucho chimasinthidwa kapena kusinthidwa.

Insulin yochepa imapezeka kuti igulitsidwe ngati Insulin Actrapid ndi Humulin Regular.

Insulin Yapakatikati

Gululi limaphatikizapo mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mitundu ya insulin, nthawi yowonekera kwake kuchokera maola 12 mpaka 16. Zowoneka pambuyo pa kayendetsedwe zimachitika pokhapokha maola awiri ndi atatu, kuphatikiza kwakukulu kumachitika pambuyo pa maola 6, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zopangira jakisoni sikhala ndi maola 12, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala 8-10 zokha.

Zomwe zimapangidwazo: jakisoni 2-3 a insulin patsiku ndiokwanira, ngakhale zakudya. Nthawi zambiri, limodzi ndi jekeseni imodzi, mlingo wa insulin yochepa umapangidwanso, mankhwalawa amaphatikizidwa.

Zotsatira zoyipa: palibe, mosatengera kutalika kwa kayendetsedwe, popeza mankhwalawa amakhudza thupi kwambiri, koma pang'onopang'ono poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina.

Mankhwala odziwika kwambiri omwe ali ndi insulin iyi ndi: "Insulan Humulin NPH", "Humodar br" ndi Protulin insulin.

Gawo lina

Kugawidwa kwa insulin mwanjira imeneyi kumachitika ndi zomwe zimachokera. Pali mitundu yotere:

1. Hormone gawo lina la ng'ombe - chinthu yotengedwa kuchokera kapamba wama ng'ombe. Ma insulin amtunduwu nthawi zambiri amakhumudwitsa thupi lawo siligwirizana, chifukwa limasiyana ndi mahomoni opangidwa ndi thupi la munthu. Izi zikuphatikiza Insulap GLP ndi Ultralent, mankhwalawa amapezekanso mawonekedwe a piritsi,
2. Hormonal nkhumba zovuta. Vutoli limasiyana ndi insulin ya munthu m'magulu amodzi amino acid, koma izi ndizokwanira kuyambitsa mavuto.

Chidziwitso chothandiza: zinthu zonsezi zimaphatikizidwa ndimankhwala osagwira.

Mitundu iwiri iyi:

• Amasinthidwe amibadwo. Amapangidwa pamaziko a chinthu chomwe anthu adagwiritsa ntchito Escherichia coli.
• Umisiri Potere, gawo la chiyambi cha porcine limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko, pomwe lingaliro lamphamvu la amino acid limasinthidwa.

Chisankho chomaliza cha mtundu ndi mtundu wa kukonzekera kwa insulin zimapangidwa potsatira kusanthula kwa momwe thupi limayendera komanso mkhalidwe wa wodwala pambuyo pobayidwa kangapo.

Malinga ndi lingaliro losagwirizana la madokotala ndi ofufuza, insulini yopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito gawo laumunthu, losinthika mwanjira kapena kusinthidwa, imawonedwa ngati yabwino kwambiri. Mtunduwu umaphatikizapo insulin isophan.

Ndizinthu zamtunduwu zomwe ndizowopsa zomwe zingayambitse mavuto, chifukwa mulibe mapuloteni, ndikupereka mphamvu mwachangu, zomwe ndizofunika kwambiri kuti wodwalayo akhale okhazikika.

Kugonjera zinthu

Zotsatira zazikulu za insulin ndi kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi. Koma pali zinthu zomwe, mmalo mwake, zimakulitsa mulingo wake - zimatchedwa kuti zotsutsana. Zovuta za Insulin:

1. Glucagon.
2. Adrenaline ndi ena acatecholamines.
3. Cortisol ndi corticosteroids.
4. Kukula kwa mahomoni ndi mahomoni ogonana.
5. Thyroxine, triiodothyronine ndi mahomoni ena a chithokomiro.

Zinthu zonsezi zimagwira ntchito mosiyana ndi insulin, ndiye kuti, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Zotsatira zake pakathupi zimatha kukhala zazitali, ngakhale kuti limagwirira limaphunzitsidwa pang'ono kuposa insulini.

Mawonekedwe ndi kusiyana kwa mankhwala, patebulo

Jakisoni amapangidwa mu minofu ya ntchafu, popeza kuti kuyamwa kumachitika pang'onopang'onoJakisoni amapangidwa m'mimba, pomwe mankhwalawo amayamba kuchita pompopompo Kutanthauzira nthawi

Ngati ndi kotheka, insulini iyenera kuperekedwa mosiyanasiyana m'mawa ndi madzulo, m'mawa, komanso jakisoni wa "insulin yayitali, jakisoni wa "ifupi"Mankhwala amatumizidwa mphindi 20-30 asanadye chilichonse Chakudya chomangirira

Mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosasamala kanthu za kudyaPofuna kupewa hypoglycemia, pakatha mtundu uliwonse wa insulin, chakudya kapena zochepa ndizovomerezeka

Kukonzekera kwa insulin: mayina, pharmacology ndi limagwirira zake

International Diabetes Federation ilosera kuti podzafika 2040 kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda a shuga kudzakhala anthu pafupifupi 624 miliyoni. Pakadali pano, anthu 371 miliyoni ali ndi matendawa.

Kufalikira kwa matendawa kumalumikizidwa ndi kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu (moyo wokhalitsa, wambiri, kusowa zochita zolimbitsa thupi) komanso zosokoneza zakudya (kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwala apamwamba ogulitsa mafuta azinyama).

Nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, kuwunikira nthawi yake matendawa, komanso zomwe asayansi akuchitazi masiku ano, nthawi yayitali ya moyo wa odwala chotere yayamba kuchuluka.

Anthu akhala akudziwa za matenda ashuga kwa nthawi yayitali, koma kupezeka kwamankhwala omwe amathandizira matendawa kunachitika zaka zana zapitazo, pomwe matendawa adatha muimfa.

Mbiri ya zomwe zapezeka komanso kupanga insulin yochita kupanga

Mu 1921, dokotala waku Canada Frederick Bunting ndi wothandizira wake, wophunzira payunivesite ya zamankhwala, a Charles Best adayesa kupeza kulumikizana pakati pa kapamba ndi kuyamba kwa matenda ashuga. Pazofufuza, pulofesa ku Yunivesite ya Toronto, a John MacLeod, adawapatsa malo ogwira ntchito ndi zida zofunika ndi agalu 10.

Madotolo adayamba kuyeserera kwawo ndikuchotsa zikwanirizo mu agalu ena, kupumulirako adamanga ma buchu a kapamba asanachotsedwe. Kenako, chiwalo cha atrophied chimayikidwa kuti chisazizidwe mu njira ya hypertonic. Pambuyo pa thawing, mankhwala omwe amapezeka (insulin) amaperekedwa kwa nyama yokhala ndi chofufumitsa komanso chipatala cha matenda a shuga.

Zotsatira zake, kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi ndikusintha kwa mikhalidwe ndi thanzi la galu. Zitatha izi, ofufuzawo adaganiza zoyesa kutulutsa insulini kuchokera ku kapamba wa ng'ombe ndipo adazindikira kuti mutha kuchita popanda kunyamula mitsempha. Njirayi sinali yophweka komanso yotenga nthawi.

Bunting ndi Best adayamba kuyeseza anthu nawonso. Chifukwa cha mayeso azachipatala, onse awiri adamva chizungulire komanso ofooka, koma padalibe zovuta zakumwa ndi mankhwalawo.

Mnyamata wazaka 14 Leonard Thompson anali wodwala woyamba kulandira jakisoni wa insulin. Pambuyo pakubaya koyamba kwa mankhwalawo, mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo sunayende bwino, koma jekeseni wobwereza adachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikuwongolera thanzi la mnyamatayo. Anali woyamba wodwala yemwe insulin inapulumutsa moyo wake. Pa nthawi ya jakisoni, kulemera kwa mwanayo kunali 25 kg. Pambuyo pake, adakhalanso ndi zaka 13 ndipo anamwalira ndi chibayo champhamvu.

Mu 1923, Frederick Butting ndi John MacLeod adalandira Mphotho Nobel chifukwa cha insulin.

Kodi insulin imapangidwa ndi chiyani?

Kukonzekera kwa insulini kumapezeka kuchokera ku zopangidwa ndi nyama kapena anthu. Poyambirira, kapamba wa nkhumba kapena ng'ombe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri amayambitsa ziwengo, motero akhoza kukhala owopsa. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka kwa inshuwaransi ya bovine, kapangidwe kake kamasiyana kwambiri ndi anthu (ma amino acid m'malo mwa amodzi).

Insulin yotengedwa kuchokera kuzinthu za nkhumba ndizofanana kwambiri ndi momwe zimapangidwira, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a shuga.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya insulin yakonzekereratu:

• opanga
• chimodzimodzi ndi anthu.

Insulin yaumunthu imapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira ma genetic. kugwiritsa ntchito michere ya yisiti ndi E. coli bacteria bacteria.

Ndizofanana ndendende ndi mahomoni opangidwa ndi kapamba. Apa tikulankhula za kusintha kwa majini a E. coli, omwe amatha kupanga insulini yopangidwa ndi chibadwa cha anthu.

Insulin Actrapid ndiye mahomoni oyamba kupezeka mwaukadaulo wa majini.

Semi-yopanga mahoni imapangidwa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kupangira insulin ndi ma enzymes apadera. Popanga zokonzekera kuchokera ku nyama, zimatsukidwa. Ubwino wa njirayi ndi kusapezeka kwa ziwengo ndi kugwirizana kwathunthu ndi thupi la munthu.

Gulu la insulin

Zosiyanasiyana za insulin pochiza matenda ashuga amasiyana wina ndi mzake m'njira zingapo:

1. Kutalika kwa nthawi.
2. Kuthamanga kwa zochita pambuyo pa kuperekera mankhwala.
3. Njira yotulutsira mankhwala.

Malinga ndi nthawi yowonekera, kukonzekera kwa insulin ndi:

• ultrashort (othamanga)
• mwachidule
• lalitali
• lalitali
• kuphatikiza

Mankhwala a Ultrashort (insulin apidra, insulin humalog) amapangidwa kuti azitha kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi. Zimayambitsidwa musanadye, zomwe zimachitika pang'onopang'ono mkati mwa mphindi 10-15. Pambuyo maola angapo, mphamvu ya mankhwalawa imayamba kugwira ntchito kwambiri.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo mwachidule (insulin actrapid, insulin mwachangu)amayamba kugwira ntchito theka la ola pambuyo pa makonzedwe. Kutalika kwawo ndi maola 6. Ndikofunikira kupatsa insulin mphindi 15 musanadye. Izi ndizofunikira kuti nthawi yakudya michere m'thupi igwirizane ndi nthawi yovutikira mankhwalawa.

Mawu Oyamba mankhwala apakatikati (insulin protafan, insulin humulin, insulin basal, insulin nomyx) sizitengera nthawi yakudya. Nthawi yowonetsedwa ndi maola 8-12anayamba kukhala okangalika patatha maola awiri jekeseni.

Kutalika kwambiri (pafupifupi maola 48) kwa thupi kumapangidwa ndi mtundu wautali wa kukonzekera kwa insulin. Imayamba kugwira ntchito maola anayi mpaka asanu ndi atatu pambuyo pa utsogoleri (tresiba insulin, flekspen insulin).

Kukonzekera kosakanikirana ndi kusakanikirana kwa ma insulin osiyanasiyana kutulutsa. Kuyamba kwa ntchito yawo kumayamba theka la ola jakisoni, ndipo kutalika kwa ntchito ndi maola 14-16.

Mavuto amakono a insulin

Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu pakusankha analogue ya insulin ya anthu ndi kuchuluka kwa momwe imagwirira ntchito m'thupi. Pafupifupi ma analogi onse amakono amachita zinthu mwachangu kwambiri.

Mwambiri, munthu amatha kusiyanitsa zabwino za fanizo monga:

• kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopanda ndale, osati zama acid,
• ukadaulo wosinthasintha wa DNA
• kutuluka kwachuma chatsopano mu zamankhwala zamakono.

Mankhwala onga a insulin amapangidwa ndikusinthanso ma amino acid kuti athandize kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mankhwala, mayamwidwe awo ndi kutulutsa kwawo. Ayenera kupitilira insulini ya anthu pazinthu zonse ndi magawo:

1. Insulin Humalog (Lyspro). Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka insulini iyi, imalowa mu thupi mwachangu kuchokera ku malo a jakisoni. Kuyerekeza insulin yaumunthu ndi humalogue kunawonetsa kuti poyambitsa chidziwitso chapamwamba kwambiri chomaliza chimatheka mwachangu ndipo ndichipamwamba kuposa kuchuluka kwa anthu. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwalawa amachotseredwa mwachangu ndipo patatha maola 4 ndende yake imatsikira ndikufunika koyamba. Ubwino wina wa kukhudzika kwa munthu ndi kudziyimira pawokha kwakanthawi kokhala pakumwa.
2. Insulin Novorapid (aspart). Insulin iyi imakhala ndi nthawi yochepa yogwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitha kuyendetsa bwino glycemia mukatha kudya.
3. Levemir insulin penfill (detemir). Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu za insulin, zomwe zimadziwika pang'onopang'ono komanso zimakwaniritsa kufunikira kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a basal insulin. Uku ndikuwonetsa nthawi yayitali, wopanda chochita.
4. Insulin Apidra (Glulisin). Ikutulutsa mphamvu ya ultrashort, katundu wa metabolic amafanana ndi insulin yosavuta yamunthu. Zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.
5. Glulin insulin (lantus). Amadziwika ndi kuwonetsedwa kwa nthawi yayitali, kugawa kopanda thupi mthupi lonse. Potengera momwe imagwirira ntchito, insulin lantus imafanana ndi insulin yaumunthu.

Insulin Yachidule komanso Yapakatikati - Insulin

Dzina - Rosinsulin C

Wopanga - Honey Synthesis (Russia)

Machitidwe
Mankhwala ndi apakatikati. Zochitikazo zimayamba pambuyo pa mphindi 60 - 120. Kuchuluka kwake kumachitika pakati pa maola 2-12 pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa. Zotsatira za mankhwalawa zimatha maola 18-24.

Zisonyezo zogwiritsidwa ntchito: Mitundu ya matenda a shuga a insulin. Kutsutsa kwa othandizira a hypoglycemic. Kuphatikiza mankhwala ndi m`kamwa hypoglycemic wothandizira.

Dzinalo: Actrapid HM, Actrapid HM

Wopanga: Novo Nordisk (Denmark), Novo Nordisk

Kupanga:

• 1 ml muli - 40 PIERES kapena 100 PISCES.
• Zogwira ntchito - chinthu chofanana ndi insulin yaumunthu. Njira yothetsera kulowerera ndale (pH = 7.0) ya jakisoni (30% amorphous, 70% crystalline).

Machitidwe Ili ndi mtundu wopangidwira. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo: mphamvu ya mankhwalawa imayamba patatha mphindi 30. Kuchuluka kwake kumachitika pakati pa maola 2,5-5 pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa. Zotsatira za mankhwalawa zimatha maola 8.
(zina ...)

Wopanga - Tonghua Dongbao Pharmaceutical (China)

Zopangidwa:
Soluble human genetic engineering insulin.

Machitidwe Kuchita zinthu mwachidule.

Soluble insulin (umisiri wa majini a anthu).

Zisonyezo zogwiritsidwa ntchito: Ketoacidosis, matenda ashuga, lactic acid ndi hyperosmolar coma, wodwala matenda a shuga a mellitus (mtundu I), kuphatikiza

ndi zochitika zapakati (matenda, kuvulala, njira zopangira opaleshoni, kuchulukitsa kwa matenda osachiritsika), matenda ashuga nephropathy komanso / kapena chiwindi chodwala, pakati ndi kubereka mwana, matenda a shuga (mtundu II) omwe amakana othandizira odwala matenda am'mimba.

Wopanga - Bryntsalov-A (Russia)

Zopangidwa: Semi-yopanga monocomponent anthu insulin. 1 ml yankho la jakisoni lili ndi insulin ya anthu 100 IU, komanso metacresol ya 3 mg monga chosungira.

Machitidwe Kukonzekera kwa insulini mwachangu komanso mwachidule. Mchitidwewo umayamba pakadutsa mphindi 30 pambuyo poyang'anira sc, kufika pamlingo wotalikirapo wa maola 1-3 ndipo kumatenga maola 8.
(zina ...)

Wopanga - Bryntsalov-A (Russia)

Zopangidwa: Mafuta a nkhumba a insulin. 1 ml yankho la jakisoni lili ndi kuyeretsedwa kwambiri kwa monocomponent porcine insulin 100 PISCES ndi nipagin monga chosungira 1 mg.

Machitidwe Mankhwalawa akuchita mwachidule. Zotsatira zimayamba mphindi 30 pambuyo poyendetsa sc, kufika pazambiri zambiri maola 1-3 ndipo zimatenga maola 8.

Insulin-Ferein CR

Wopanga - Bryntsalov-A (Russia)

Zopangidwa: Semi-yopanga sungunuka wa munthu insulin.

Machitidwe Kuchita zinthu mwachidule.
(zina ...)

Wopanga - Bryntsalov-A (Russia)

Zopangidwa: 1 ml ya jakisoni uli ndi insulin yosagwirizana ndi anthu 40 IU, komanso 3 mg metacresol, glycerin monga chosungira.

Machitidwe Brinsulrapi Ch - insulin yochepa.

The isanayambike mankhwala patatha mphindi 30 pambuyo subcutaneous makonzedwe, pazipita zotsatira pakatikati 1 ora 3 maola, nthawi ya ntchito ndi 8 maola.

Mbiri ya mankhwalawa zimatengera mlingo komanso amawonetsa mikhalidwe yake.
(zina ...)

Wopanga - Bryntsalov-Ferein (Russia)

Zopangidwa: 1 ml ya jakisoni uli ndi porcine woyeretsedwa kwambiri wa insulin

Machitidwe Kukonzekera kwa insulini kochepa. Zotsatira zimayamba mphindi 30 pambuyo poyendetsa makina, zimafika pazowonjezera zambiri za maola 1-3 ndipo zimatenga maola 8.

Zisonyezo zogwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Shuga mellitus (mtundu 1) mwa ana ndi akulu
• matenda a shuga a mellitus (mtundu 2) (ngati angalimbane ndi ena am'magazi a hypoglycemic, kuphatikiza pang'ono pamankhwala othandizira, motsutsana ndi matenda omwe amakumana nawo, panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati).

Wopanga - Marvel LifeSinessez (India) / Pharmstandard-Ufa Vitamini Chomera (Russia)

Zopangidwa: Kusintha kwa chibadwa cha anthu. Othandizira: glycerol, metacresol, madzi d / ndi.

Machitidwe Mwachidule kuchita insulin.

Kutalika kwa nthawi ya kukonzekera kwa insulin kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe, zomwe zimatengera zinthu zingapo (mwachitsanzo, mlingo, njira ndi malo oyang'anira), chifukwa chake zochitika za insulin zimasinthasintha kwambiri, mwa anthu osiyanasiyana komanso kwa munthu yemweyo . Pambuyo pa sc makonzedwe, kuyamba kwa mankhwala amadziwika pambuyo pafupifupi mphindi 30, mphamvu yayikulu ikupezeka pakati 2 mpaka 4 maola, nthawi ya kuchitapo ndi maola 6-8.

Wopanga - Biobras S / A (Brazil)

Zopangidwa: Monocomponent ya sungunuka insulin

Machitidwe Kuchita insulin mwachidule.

Pambuyo pa jekeseni wa sc, matendawa amapezeka mkati mwa mphindi 20-30, umafika patadutsa maola 1-3 ndipo umatha, kutengera mlingo, maola 5-8. Kutalika kwa mankhwalawa kumatengera mlingo, njira, malo oyendetsera ndipo ali ndi machitidwe amodzi payekha .

Wopanga - Biobras S / A (Brazil)

Zopangidwa: Mafuta a nkhumba a insulin

Machitidwe Kuchita insulin mwachidule.

Pambuyo pa jekeseni wa sc, mphamvu yake imachitika pakadutsa mphindi 30, imafikira pakapita maola atatu ndipo ikupitilira, kutengera mlingo, maola 5-8.

Wopanga - Biobras S / A (Brazil)

Zopangidwa: Semi-yopanga sungunuka wa munthu insulin

Machitidwe Kuchita insulin mwachidule.

Pambuyo pa jekeseni wa sc, matendawa amapezeka mkati mwa mphindi 20-30, umafika patadutsa maola 1-3 ndipo umatha, kutengera mlingo, maola 5-8. Kutalika kwa mankhwalawa kumatengera mlingo, njira, malo oyendetsera ndipo ali ndi machitidwe amodzi payekha .

Zisonyezo zogwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Mtundu woyamba wa shuga
• lembani matenda a shuga a m'matumbo a 2: gawo la kukana kwa othandizira pakamwa.
• matenda ashuga ketoacidosis, ketoacidotic ndi hyperosmolar chikomokere
• gestational shuga mellitus, ntchito pang'onopang'ono kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo kupewa matenda ogwirizana ndi kutentha kwambiri
• ndi maopareshoni omwe akubwera, kuvulala, kubala, kusokonezeka kwa metabolic, musanafike kuchipatala pokonzekera insulin yayitali.

Dzinalo: Insulin db

Wopanga - Berlin-Chemie AG (Germany)

Zopangidwa: 1 ml yankho la jakisoni lili ndi insulin ya 100 ya anthu.

Machitidwe Ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kuchuluka kwake kumachitika pambuyo pamaora atatu ndipo kumatha maola 6-8.

Dzinalo: Insulin db

Wopanga - ICN GALENIKA (Yugoslavia)

Zopangidwa: Nutral yankho loyeretsedwa kwambiri la monocomponent porcine insulin. Chomwe chimagwira ndi insulin yokhazikika yomwe imapezeka kuchokera ku zikondamoyo za nkhumba (30% amorphous, 70% crystalline).

Machitidwe Mwachidule kuchita insulin.

Hypoglycemic (kutsitsa shuga m'magazi) ya mankhwalawa imachitika patatha mphindi 30-90 jakisoni litatha, patapita maola 2-4, nthawi yayitali mpaka maola 6.7 jekeseni.

Dzinalo: Insulin db

Wopanga - ICN GALENIKA (Yugoslavia)

Zopangidwa: Semi-yopanga sungunuka wa munthu insulin.

Machitidwe Kuchita insulin mwachidule.

Pambuyo pa jekeseni wa sc, mphamvu yake imachitika pakadutsa mphindi 20-30, imafika pazowonjezera pambuyo pa maola 1-3 ndikupitilira, kutengera mlingo, maola 5-8.