Matenda a shuga

Tsoka ilo, shuga imawerengedwa ngati njira yosachiritsika yomwe imachepetsa kwambiri moyo wa odwala. Chithandizo cha matendawa ndikuthandizira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikukonza zakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi chithandizo chamankhwala.

Odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa! Shuga ndiwabwinobwino kwa aliyense.Kukwanira kumwa makapu awiri tsiku lililonse musanadye ... Zambiri >>

Matendawa ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imasiyana ndi zina ndizomwe zimayambitsa komanso makina a chitukuko. Iliyonse mwa mafomuwo imayambitsa zovuta zingapo zopweteka komanso zovuta zomwe zimalepheretsa odwala kugwira ntchito mwachizolowezi, akukhala, nthawi zina, ngakhale kudzipereka okha. Pokhudzana ndi zovuta zofananira, odwala matenda ashuga aliwonse amafunsa funso ngati kulumala kumapereka shuga. Ndi thandizo liti lomwe lingachitike ku boma komanso zomwe lamulo likunena pankhaniyi, tikambirana zambiri munkhaniyi.

Pang'ono pang'ono pokha pokhudza matendawa

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda pomwe thupi limalephera kutenga nawo mbali pachimake, makamaka chakudya. Chowonetsa chachikulu cha pathological mkhalidwewu ndi hyperglycemia (kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi).

Pali mitundu ingapo ya matendawa:

Fomu yodalira insulini (mtundu 1) - imakonda kupezeka motsutsana ndi maziko amtsogolo omwe amakhudzidwa ndi chibadwa, amakhudza anthu azaka zosiyanasiyana, ngakhale ana. Kasitomala satha kutulutsa insulin yokwanira, ndikofunikira pakugawa shuga mthupi lonse (m'maselo ndi minofu).
Fomu yosadalira insulini (mtundu 2) - mawonekedwe a okalamba. Amayamba motsutsana ndi maziko a kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, kunenepa kwambiri, komwe kumadziwika kuti chamba chimapanga kuchuluka kwakokwanira kwa insulin, koma maselo amataya chidwi chake (insulin kukana).
Fomu yokomera - imakula mwa azimayi munthawi yakubereka mwana. Makina otukula amafanana ndi mtundu wa 2 pathology. Monga lamulo, mwana akabadwa, matendawa amazimiririka pawokha.

Mitundu ina ya “matenda okoma”:

Matenda obadwa ndi maselo obisika a insulin,
kuyanʻanila zochita za insulin pa chibadwa,
matenda a mbali ya gland,
endocrinopathies,
matenda opezeka ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo,
matenda chifukwa cha matenda
mitundu ina.

Matendawa amawonetsedwa ndi mtima wofunitsitsa kumwa, kudya, wodwalayo amakonda kukodza. Khungu lowuma, kuyabwa. Nthawi ndi nthawi, kuzimiririka kwina kumakhala pakhungu, lomwe limachiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali, koma kumawonekeranso kwakanthawi.

Kukula kwa matendawa kumabweretsa kukula kwa zovuta. Mavuto owopsa amafuna chithandizo chamankhwala pompopompo, ndipo odwalawo amakula pang'onopang'ono, koma samachotsedwa, ngakhale mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala.

Kodi kulumala kumapereka shuga ndipo nthawi zili bwanji?

Matenda a shuga, ngakhale ali ndi dzina lokoma, samangobweretsa shuga m'thupi, komanso zovuta zina. Kusintha komwe kwachitika kungawononge thanzi la odwala matenda ashuga ndikuwongolera njira zosakonzanso, mpaka kulumala.

Anthu omwe adakumana ndi matenda amtundu wa endocrine moyenerera amadzifunsa ngati amapatsa olumala matenda ashuga? Kukhala wolumala kwa odwala ena kumathandizira kusintha kwatsiku ndi tsiku ndikupeza zothandizira pazachipatala ndi zamankhwala.

Mutuwu uli ndi mbali ziwiri zomwe ziyenera kudziwika kwa munthu yemwe mbiri yawo ya matenda ashuga imakhazikitsidwa.

Kulephera ndi matenda a shuga kumapereka, koma si onse ndipo osati nthawi zonse! Monga matendawa pawokha ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yowonetsera, momwemonso mndandanda wazabwino za odwala matenda ashuga umatsimikiziridwa ndi mulingo wa kulumala kwa munthu.

Sikoyenera kuganizira kuti ngati kuyezetsa magazi kapena kufufuza kwina kwatsimikizira kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga, ndiye kuti dokotalayo adzatumiza wodwalayo kukayezetsa pachipatala ndi anthu ena.

Nthawi zina, matenda ashuga amatha kuwongoleredwa mosavuta ndi mapiritsi, zakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndipo pakapita kanthawi chidziwitso chitha kuchotsedwa - ndi matenda 2. Wodwala amakhala kwathunthu ndipo safuna chisamaliro chakunja. Ndiye pali kulumala kwamtundu wanji?

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga masiku ano amatanthauza mawonekedwe osachiritsika, koma sizipanga munthu kudalira magulu ena atatu.

Anthu ambiri omwe amadalira insulin amakhala moyo wonse, amachita zomwe amakonda ndipo amakhala ndi chisamaliro cha okondedwa awo. Kulemala, kwenikweni, sikofunikira kwa iwo, koma maubwino a majekeseni ndi zingwe zoyeserera, sizowawa.

Mbali yolumikizira matendawa ndi zovuta zomwe sizimapangidwa tsiku limodzi, koma pang'onopang'ono. Zovuta zazikulu m'thupi zimagwira chifukwa cha kusasamala kwa wodwalayo kapena chifukwa chosankha molakwika ndi madokotala omwe amapezekapo, mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa insulin.

Kuthamanga kwa glucose kapena insulin kumapangitsa kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka magazi, ntchito ya impso, mtima, dongosolo lamanjenje, maso, ndi minyewa ya mafupa. Zinthu zimatha kukhala zovutirapo ngati wodwala matenda ashuga popanda thandizo amangofa.

Mkhalidwe wapadera uli mwa ana omwe amapezeka ndi matenda amtundu woyamba akadali achichepere. Popanda kuyang'aniridwa ndi makolo kapena oyang'anira, mwana sangathe kukhalabe.

Ulendo wopita ku sukulu ya kindergarten kapena sukulu kumadalira thanzi la mwana, koma popanda ulemu wapadera, oyang'anira mabungwe ophunzirawo sangawonetse kusayang'anira ntchito komanso kusatsatira miyezo.

Kulephera m'lingaliro lonse kumagawika m'magulu atatu, mosasamala kuyenerera kwa matenda a munthu:

Gulu loyamba limayikidwa pokhapokha ngati wodwalayo sangadzisamalire yekha chifukwa cha zotupa zamkati kapena zakunja kwa thupi. Ngati vuto la mtundu 1 kapena mtundu 2 wa shuga, kuphwanya kwamatenda a glucose ndi maselo sikuti ndi chifukwa choti azingoyesedwa kuchipatala kapena kukafunsidwa. Mavuto okha obwera chifukwa cha shuga wambiri ndikupangitsa kusintha kwakukulu ndi chifukwa chokhazikitsidwa ndi bungwe.
Gulu lachiwiri lolemala limatanthawuza kuti kudwala kwa munthu sikunafikire yovuta, ili pamalire amalire ndikuletsa wodwala kuti azikhala kwathunthu. Zosintha mthupi zafika kale pachimake, koma zitha kulowa chikhululukiro kapena sizilepheretsa munthu mwayi wokhala pagulu.
Gulu lachitatu limasankhidwa ndi akatswiri ngati kudwala kwakukulu kudayambitsa vuto la ziwalo zina, zomwe zimatha kusintha mtundu wamunthu. Kuchita bwino kumachepetsedwa kapena mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo umafuna katundu wina, kuyambiranso wogwira ntchito. Zopindulitsa zitha kupezeka ndi lingaliro la akatswiri.

Zomwe Zimakhudza Gulu Lopanda Matenda a shuga

Kwa odwala matenda a shuga ayenera kutumiza zikalata zomwe zingakhudze gulu la olumala ndi mapindu ake. Mu mbiri ya wodwalayo wokhala ndi ziyeneretso za kulumala ayenera kukhala zizindikiro.

Gulu 1 limaperekedwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga ngati apezeka:

Kuwonongeka kwathunthu kwamaso m'maso onse chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa kayendedwe ka magazi kamene kamadyetsa mitsempha ya optic ndi retina. Chiwalo chowoneka chili ndi ziwiya zoonda kwambiri komanso ma capillaries, omwe, mothandizidwa ndi shuga owonjezera, amawonongeka kwathunthu. Popanda masomphenya, munthu amasiya kutayirira, kuthekera kugwira ntchito ndikudzisamalira.
Kusokoneza impso pomwe kwamikodzo satha kuchita ntchito yosefera ndi chimbudzi cha zinthu zowola. Wodwalayo akuyeretsa impso yochita kupanga (dialysis).
Pachimake mtima kulephera 3 magawo. Minofu ya mtima imapanikizika kwambiri, kupanikizika kumakhala kovuta kukhazikika.
Neuropathy - kuphwanya chizindikiro pakati pa mitsempha ya chapakati yamitsempha yamagazi, munthu amatha kulephera kuzindikira, kumva kutopa kwake kumachitika, ziwalo ndizotheka. Mkhalidwe wotere ndi wowopsa pakugwa, kulephera kwa munthu kusuntha.
Kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro kumayang'ana kumbuyo kwa kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo lamanjenje lamkati, magawo a ubongo, pamene wodwala matenda ashuga amawonetsa kusokonezeka kwa ubongo panthawi ya kuwonongeka.
Kusintha kwazitsulo komwe kumabweretsa mavuto ndi miyendo, kuphatikiza zilonda zam'mimba.
Glycemic yokhazikika pa maziko a shuga ochepa, osalipidwa ndi insulin, zakudya.

Gulu lachiwiri la olumala mu shuga limafanana kwambiri ndi njira zokhudzana ndi gulu loyamba. Kusiyana kokhako ndikuti zosintha mthupi sizinafike pamlingo wovuta ndipo wodwala pang'ono amafunikira kuchoka kwachitatu. Mutha kugwira ntchito kokha ngati muli ndi ntchito zambiri popanda kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso ndi mantha amanjenje.

Gulu lachitatu la olumala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga limafotokozedwa ngati shuga wambiri kapena kuchepa kwa insulini m'magazi kwadzetsa zochitika pamene munthu sangathe kugwira ntchito yake. Mikhalidwe yapadera kapena kubwezeretsera kumafunikira, koma popanda gulu wogwira ntchitoyo sangalandire phindu lotere.

Kuphatikiza pamagulu atatu olumala omwe adawunikidwa, pali mwayi wapadera kwa iwo omwe ali ndi mwayi wopeza - awa ndi ana aang'ono omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1. Mwana wapadera amafunikira chisamaliro chambiri kuchokera kwa makolo chifukwa sangathe kulipira shuga pawokha.

Koma izi zitha kuunikiridwa ndi komisheni yofikira zaka 14. Kulemala kumathetsedwa ngati zikutsimikiziridwa kuti mwana angadzisamalire yekha, wadutsa sukulu ya matenda osokoneza bongo ndipo amatha kubayira insulin.

Kodi kulumala kumapezeka bwanji?

Kuti mumvetsetse ngati vuto la matenda ashuga liyenera kulembedwa, wodwalayo ayenera kuchita zinthu zingapo:

Lumikizanani ndi dokotala wakwanuko komwe akukhala kuti mupeze mayendedwe apadera. Mndandanda wazosanthula ndi womwe umapatsa gulu lililonse la anthu olumala.
Dokotala amangoyeserera koyambirako ndipo asankha ngati angamupatse wodwalayo chipatala kuti amupime.
Pambuyo pakutsimikizira chowonadi cha chitukuko cha zovuta zotsutsana ndi maziko a matenda osokoneza bongo, ndikofunikira kusonkhanitsa zikalata ndikuzipereka kwa akatswiri kuti akazilingalire. Mndandanda wamapepala umatengera zaka za wofunsayo chifukwa cha kulumala, chikhalidwe chake (mwana wa sukulu, wophunzira, wogwira ntchito, penshoni) ndi zotsatira za kafukufukuyo.
Zolemba zomwe zaperekedwa zimaperekedwa kwa akatswiri omwe amaphunzira mbiri yachipatala ndi mapepala ena mwatsatanetsatane ndikupereka lingaliro labwino kapena kukana.

Koma musaganize kuti mutalandira chilema, mutha kuiwala zamakalata. Zopindulitsa zilizonse zimakhala ndi nthawi yocheperako ndipo pakuwonjezera kwake padzakhala kofunikira kuti mupimenso mayeso angapo, kusonkhanitsa zikwatu ndikuzitumiza ku kompani.Gululo lingasinthidwe kapena kuchotsedwa kwathunthu ngati pali kusintha kwina kapena kosatsata.

Mavuto azachuma a anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ali pamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ndalama zazikulu zimafunikira pakuwunika komanso kutsata kwa shuga. Chifukwa chake, popanda chithandizo cha boma, omwe akubwezerani matenda okoma sangathe kutuluka pagulu loyipa.

Ngati matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri apezeka, ndiye kuti chithandizo chamankhwala nthawi zambiri chimadalira chakudya choyenera.

Mapindu amatha kuperekedwa kokha pamankhwala ochepetsa shuga a mndandanda winawake. Kupanda kutero, moyo wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga siwosiyana ndi moyo wa anthu athanzi. Chifukwa chake, munthu sayenera kudalira kulumala muzochitika zotere.

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 ndi nkhani ina, koma pali zina. Thandizo loyambira limaperekedwa kwa ana aang'ono:

Penshoni, chifukwa m'modzi mwa makolo ayenera kukhala ndi mwana nthawi zonse ndipo sangathe kupita kuntchito.
Quotas yoyeserera ndi kulandira chithandizo m'magulu apadera, ma sanatoriums.
Nsapato zaulere zamafupa kuti azitha kusintha kusintha komwe kumachitika mwa odwala matenda ashuga.
Ubwino wazothandiza.
Kuthekera kwa maphunziro aulere m'mayunivesite.
Kugawidwa kwa malo pomangapo.
Kupeza zida zapadera zowongolera mulingo wa shuga ndi momwe zimakhalira (mayesedwe oyesera, syringe, singano, insulin).

Maubwino ena amatengera kudera lomwe odwala matenda ashuga amakhala, kotero muyenera kuphunzira zambiri mwatsatanetsatane za vuto lanu.

Kulumala ndi matenda a shuga kumaperekedwa, koma osati nthawi zonse povomereza matenda. Njirayi imafunikira kulimbikira komanso zolemba. Nthawi zina nthawi yamtengo wapatali imatayika pakumangidwa pafupi ndi ofesi yotsatira, yomwe imatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa komanso moyo wonse.

Tiyenera kuyesetsa kubwezeretsa shuga wathu ku zinthu zabwinobwino osabweretsanso mkhalidwe wovuta momwe ngakhale kulumala sikungapangitse moyo kukhala wosavuta. Koma mulimonsemo, muyenera kudziwa ufulu wanu ndikupeza zomwe malamulo amafunikira.

Kulemala ndi matenda ashuga - ndizomwe zimatsimikiza kulandira gululi ndi dongosolo lalembetsere

Ndi kukula kwa matendawa, moyo wamunthu umachepa: wodwala nthawi zambiri amataya mwayi wodziyimira pawokha, kugwira ntchito, ndi kudzisamalira. Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika, chifukwa chake ngati pali zambiri, wodwalayo amadziwika kuti sangathe kugwira ntchito.

Katswiri wazomwe matenda a shuga amasokonezedwa amatchedwa shuga mellitus (DM). Matendawa ali ndi mitundu ingapo yomwe imasiyana pazifukwa ndi njira zopititsira patsogolo. Pathology ikhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi kuphwanya kutulutsidwa kwa insulin ya mahomoni, yomwe imachepetsa shuga (wodalira insulin kapena matenda a mtundu 1) kapena kuphwanya mahomoni (mtundu 2). Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumabweretsa zowonongeka m'mitsempha ndi mitsempha, chifukwa, pakapita nthawi, mtundu uliwonse wa matendawa umabweretsa zovuta.

Gulu la anthu odwala matenda ashuga limasankhidwa pambuyo pofufuza momwe wodwalayo alili potsatira njira zina. Wodwalayo amayesedwa ndi kufufuza kwapadera kwa zamankhwala komanso chikhalidwe. Njira zoyeserera zikuphatikiza:

Kulemala. Pankhaniyi, kuthekera kwa wodwala kuchitapo kanthu, komanso ntchito zopepuka zimatsimikizika.
Kuthekera kwodzithandiza nokha komanso kuthekera kosuntha mosadalira. Chifukwa cha zovuta, odwala ena amataya miyendo ndi mawonekedwe.
Kukhalapo kwa dementia. Mitundu yambiri yamatenda am'mimba imayendera limodzi ndi zovuta zamaganizidwe, mpaka matenda a dementia.
Mlingo wa chipukutiro, chikhalidwe cha thupi. Imawunika pogwiritsa ntchito zotsatira za mayeso a labotale.

Pali magulu atatu olumala kwathunthu. Bungwe lachipatala ndi laudyidwe la anthu limagawika odwala malinga ndi njira zina: kuuma kwa chikhalidwe chazachipatala, kupezeka kwake komanso kuchuluka kwa chindapusa cha matenda. Kukula kwa zolipira za boma, maubwino osiyanasiyana, mwayi wopeza ntchito zimatengera gulu lomwe amapatsidwa odwala matenda ashuga. Mwa zina mwa kulembetsa kwa kulemala, pali zoletsa pazodzisamalira, kuyenda, kuyankhulana. Kulephera ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga kumayikidwa kangapo.

Posankha kuchuluka kwa kulumala, komitiyi imaganizira mawonekedwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matendawa. Kuti akhazikitse gulu loyamba, wodwalayo ayenera kukhala ndi kuphwanya kwakukulu pakugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo, machitidwe, kusatheka kwa kayendetsedwe kodziyimira pawokha, kudzisamalira. Kuphatikiza apo, gulu loyamba limayesedwa pamaso pa zovuta izi:

khungu la maso onse awiri,
aakulu aimpso kulephera
mitsempha
mtima wosakhazikika,
kwambiri angiopathy ndi gangore,
pafupipafupi matenda a shuga.

Zoyenera kupatsidwa magulu azigawo zoyambirira ndi zachiwiri za kulumala mu zovuta za shuga ndizosiyana. Odwala omwe ali ndi gulu lachiwiri amadwala matendawa omwewo, koma modekha. Kuphatikiza apo, wodwalayo ayenera kukhala ndi malire pamalingo oyenera ogwira ntchito, kuyenda komanso kudzisamalira, motero odwala amafunikira chisamaliro chochepa. Kufufuza zamankhwala ndi mayanjano kumagawa gulu lachiwiri lazolakwika pamaso pa izi:

digiri yachitatu retinopathy,
aakulu aimpso kulephera
digiri yachiwiri kapena yachitatu ya neuropathy (minofu yathunthu yamphamvu yochepa kuposa mfundo 2),
encephalopathy
mavuto amisala
angiopathy wofatsa popanda zovuta za trophic.

Pamaso pa zovuta zomwe zimachitika modekha kapena zolimbitsa thupi, koma zomwe zimakhudza kuthekera kwa ntchito ndikukulitsa moyo wa wodwalayo, gulu lokhala ndi vuto lachitatu limapatsidwa. Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo sanatchulidwe kusintha kwazomwe zimachitika mu ziwalo zamagulu. Pakudzichitira nokha, thanzi liyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi digiri yoyamba ya zoletsa. Gulu lachitatu limaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe ayenera kusintha magwiridwe antchito ndikuchotsa zinthu zomwe zawonongeka. Mu shuga mellitus, kulumikizidwa kwa digiri yachitatu nthawi zambiri kumayendetsedwa kwakanthawi.

Mamembala azachipatala (mayeso a zachipatala) amayambitsa mkhalidwe wolumala osafotokoza za mwana wosakwanitsa zaka 18. Pambuyo pakukula, kuyambiranso ndikuwunikanso kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa gulu linalake lolumala. Zolemba zotsatirazi ndizofunikira polembetsa:

pasipoti (ngati ilipo) kapena satifiketi yobadwa,
mawu ochokera kwa kholo
mbiri yachipatala yokhala ndi zotsatira zoyesa,
Kuchotsera kwa dokotala wa ana kupita ku MSEC (kulembetsa kuyenera kutsatira fomu Nambala 088 / у-06).

Munkhaniyi muphunzira:

Funso ili limadetsa nkhawa anthu ambiri omwe amadziwa bwino matendawa. Matendawa amakula pang'onopang'ono, koma osasinthika, ndipo munthu patatha zaka zingapo atazindikira kuti ali ndi matendawa "atha" kupeza zovuta zomwe zimamulepheretsa kukhala ndi moyo wambiri. Ngakhale izi, shuga ndi kulumala si funso lovuta. Tiyeni tiwone zitsanzo ngati zingagawidwe kwa munthu.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa a metabolism endocrinological omwe amadziwika ndi hyperglycemia (glucose okwera). Ngakhale kuti ili ndi matenda oopsa komanso osasinthika, kungodziwitsa anthu odwala matenda ashuga si ntchito yodwala.

Panthawi yofufuza matendawa, zilibe kanthu kuti ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 kapena 2, ngati palibe zovuta kuchokera ku machitidwe ndi ziwalo, ndipo thanzi la wodwalayo silili lolemala, kulumala sikuloledwa.

Ngati wodwala wapanga kale kusintha kosasintha mu ziwalo, pali kuwonongeka kwa matenda ashuga, kuthekera kwake kugwira ntchito kumachepetsedwa, ndiye kuti wodwalayo ali ndi ufulu wodalira gawo lomwe gulu la olumala likuthandizidwa komanso thandizo lazinthu kuchokera ku boma.

Ngati, komabe, matendawa amalipiriridwa mokwanira ndipo sasintha njira yamoyo, ndiye kuti munthu akhoza kupitiliza kugwira ntchito, koma makamaka, kuchotsa zinthu zoyipa.

Mavuto a matenda ashuga:

Matenda a shuga a retinopathy.
Matenda ashuga nephropathy (matenda a impso).
Matenda a diabetesic neuropathy (kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo lamanjenje).
Matenda a diabetesic phazi (kuwonongeka kwa phazi, kuwonetsedwa ndi zilonda zamkhungu, necrosis, kufa kwa minofu).
Matenda a shuga angiopathy (kuwonongeka kwa mtima: matenda a mtima, kuchepa kwamitsempha, stroko, mitsempha yam'munsi).

Zomwe zimathandizira kulumala:

Mtundu wa matenda ashuga (mtundu 1 - wodwala insulin kapena mtundu 2 - osadalira insulini. Poyambirira, kulumala kumapatsidwa ubwana, koma pofika zaka za 18 gulu lokhazikika limatsimikizika).
The kupezeka kwa zovuta motsutsana maziko a matenda.
Kulephera kulipirira magazi m'thupi.
Kulephera kudzithandiza.

Ndi magulu omwe ali ndi vuto omwe munthu angadalire?

Gawoli limatengera kuuma kwa matenda a wodwala. Munthawi zonsezi, pali njira zomwe wodwalayo amakhala m'gulu limodzi kapena wina wolumala. Gulu la olumala limaperekedwa chimodzimodzi mtundu 1 ndi matenda ashuga 2. Pali magulu atatu olumala. Kuyambira woyamba mpaka wachitatu, kuuma kwa vuto la wodwalayo kumachepa.

Gulu loyamba Amalandira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga akulu, omwe adapanga izi:

Kumbali ya maso: kuwonongeka kwam'mbuyo, khungu m'maso amodzi kapena onse.
Kuchokera kumbali ya chapakati mantha dongosolo: encephalopathy (kuphwanya nzeru, kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro).
Pa mbali ya zotumphukira zamanjenje: kusokonezeka kwa kayendedwe ka miyendo, kulephera kuchita motsutsana, kuponderezana ndi ziwalo.
Kuchokera pamtima wamtima: Kulephera kwamtima kwa madigiri 3 (kupuma movutikira, kupweteka mumtima, ndi zina zambiri.
Kuchokera kumbali ya impso: kulepheretsa ntchito yaimpso kapena kusowa ntchito kwenikweni, impso sizingakwanitse kusefa magazi mokwanira.
Matendawa odwala matenda ashuga (zilonda zam'mimba, zofooka zam'munsi).
Mobwerezabwereza chikomokere, kulephera kulipirira kuchuluka kwa chakudya.
Kulephera kudzithandiza nokha (kutengera thandizo la magulu achiwiri).

Gulu lachiwiri kulumala amalembedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi maphunziro ochepa a matenda, omwe zotsatira zake zimapezeka, monga:

Kuchokera kumbali yamaso: retinopathy 2 kapena 3 madigiri.
Kulephera kwa impso, komwe dialysis imasonyezedwa (kuyeretsa magazi pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera).
Kuchokera kumbali ya dongosolo lamkati lamanjenje: kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro popanda kusokoneza chikumbumtima.
Kuchokera kwa zotumphukira zamanjenje: kuphwanya ululu ndi kutentha kwa chidwi, paresis, kufooka, kuchepa mphamvu.
Kudzithandiza nokha ndi kotheka, koma thandizo la magulu achiwiri likufunika.

Gulu lachitatu kulumala kukuwoneka chifukwa cha matenda ofatsa:

Njira yopanda matenda komanso yofatsa ya matendawa.
Zosintha zazing'onoting'ono (zoyambirira) pamagulu ndi ziwalo.

Monga mukudziwa, lembani matenda ashuga 1 a mellitus (omwe amadalira insulin) makamaka amakhudza achinyamata (mpaka zaka 40) ndi ana. Maziko a ndondomekoyi ndi kufa kwa maselo a pancreatic, omwe amapanga insulin, ndipo, motero, izi zimatsogolera ku hyperglycemia.

Mavuto ndi zovuta za matenda omwe munthu amapeza zimafanana ndendende ndi mitundu yoyamba komanso yachiwiri ya matenda ashuga. Ngati mwana wadwala (ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga), amatha kudalira kulumala kwaubwana mpaka atakula. Pambuyo pa ukalamba pamakhala kuwunikiranso ndikutsimikiza choletsa choletsa kugwira ntchito kwa iye, ngati kuli kofunikira.

Momwe mungapezere gulu lolumikizana ndi matenda a shuga?

Pali zolemba zowunikira komanso zolembedwa zomwe zimakambidwa mwatsatanetsatane.

Chofunikira kwambiri pakupeza gulu la olumala chidzadutsa mayeso azachipatala ndi malo omwe akukhalamo. Medical and Social Bureau ndi kufunsira kwa akatswiri angapo (madotolo) omwe, malinga ndi kalata yamalamulo komanso kutengera zolemba zomwe zaperekedwa, malingaliro a akatswiri ochepa matendawa amatsimikiza kuchuluka kwa kukhoza kwa munthu kugwira ntchito ndi kufunikira kwake kwa kulumala, komanso chitetezo chamagulu.

Zolemba zamankhwala zokhala ndi mawu olondola azindikira kuti ali ndi matendawa, chikhalidwe cha matendawa chimaperekedwa ndi adotolo wachigawo. Koma, zolembedwazo zisanatumizidwe kukayezetsa kuchipatala ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, munthu amafunika kukayezetsa zonse zokhudza matenda ake.

Kuyesedwa kwa Laborator (kuyezetsa magazi kozungulira, kuyesa kwa magazi, kuchuluka kwa mkodzo, kuwunika kwa mkodzo malinga ndi Nechiporenko, kuyesa kwa glucose, glycated hemoglobin, C-peptide).
Kufufuza kwa zida (ECG, EEG, ultrasound yam'mimba, ma ultrasound a mitsempha ya m'munsi, mapangidwe a ophthalmoscopic a optic disc).
Kuyang'ana kwa akatswiri okhudzana ndi (dokotala wamtima, katswiri wa zamitsempha, matenda am'mimba, opaleshoni yamaso).

Yang'anani! Mndandanda womwe uli pamwambowu ndi wokhazikika, koma, malinga ndi zomwe dokotala wakulembera, ungasinthidwe kapena kuthandizidwa.

Zolemba zofunikira pakufufuza zamankhwala ndi chikhalidwe

Mawu olembedwa kuchokera kwa wodwala.
Pasipoti (satifiketi yobadwa mwa ana).
Kutumiza ku mayeso a zamankhwala ndi mayanjano (odzazidwa ndi adotolo omwe ali mu mawonekedwe a 088 / у - 0).
Zolemba zachipatala (khadi lakunja, kuchoka ku chipatala, zotsatira za mayeso, malingaliro a akatswiri).
Zolemba zowonjezera pamilandu iliyonse payokha ndizosiyana (buku la ntchito, chikalata chakuwona kulumala komwe kulipo, ngati uku ndikuwunikiranso).
Kwa ana: satifiketi yobadwa, pasipoti ya kholo limodzi kapena wosamalira, mikhalidwe kuchokera kumalo kophunzirira.

Malinga ndi nthawi yomwe yapatsidwa, kuyezetsa kuchipatala ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu kumathetsa nkhani yofunikira yakulemala. Ngati lingaliro la Commissionyo likuyambitsa kusagwirizana, ndiye kuti itha kudandaula mkati mwa masiku atatu polemba mawu. Pankhaniyi, kuwunika mobwerezabwereza sikudzakhala komwe akukhalako, koma kuofesi yayikulu yoyeserera zamankhwala ndi chikhalidwe kwa mwezi umodzi.

Gawo lachiwiri la apilo ndi apilo ku makhoti. Lingaliro la bwalo lamilandu lamilandu ndi lomaliza ndipo silikhala pachiwopsezo.

Gulu lazolumala la shuga likhoza kuwonetsedwanso. Kutengera momwe matendawa amadziwonekera, pamene kulumala kumakulirakulira kapena kukulira, gulu la olumala limatha kusintha kuchokera lachitatu mpaka lachiwiri, kuchokera lachiwiri mpaka loyamba.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti matendawa amafunikira kulimbikira, ndalama ndi zinthu zina, pomwe akutaya gawo kapena ntchito yathunthu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake boma limapereka mankhwala aulere, komanso maubwino ndi malipiro a gulu ili.

Odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga (wodalira insulin) ndi oyenera kulandira kwaulere:

insulin
ma insulin kapena ma syringe ofotokoza,
glucometer ndi muyeso wina wamalingaliro kwa iwo,
mankhwala aulere omwe chipatalachi chimakhala nacho.

Odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga (osadalira insulin) ndi oyenera kulandira zotsatirazi:

mankhwala ochepetsa shuga,
insulin
glucometer ndi zingwe zoyeserera,
mankhwala aulere omwe chipatalachi chimakhala nacho.

Kuphatikiza apo, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatumizidwa kukakonzanso m'malo opangira ma sanatoriums (nyumba zogonera).

Ponena za malo ochezera, kutengera ndi omwe ali ndi zilema, odwala amalandira penshoni. Amapatsidwanso zopindulitsa, maulendo ndi zina zambiri.

Kukhalapo kwa matendawa pang'ono mpaka pang'ono sikuchepetsa anthu pantchito yawo. Munthu amene ali ndi matendawa, koma pakakhala zovuta zapadera, amatha kugwira ntchito iliyonse.

Nkhani yosankha ntchito iyenera kufikiridwa payekhapayekha kutengera thanzi la munthu. Ntchito yokhudzana ndi maulendo apabizinesi pafupipafupi, tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi kupsinjika kwa maso, komanso kugwedezeka, pakupanga zoopsa ndi mankhwala ena ali osavomerezeka.

Chifukwa chake, lingaliro pa gawo la kulemala limasankhidwa ndi akatswiri azachipatala ndi akatswiri. Gulu la olumala kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 amapatsidwa mankhwala okhawo omwe amakumana ndi matendawa, omwe amayambitsa kulumala.

Tsarenko S.V., Tsisaruk E.S. Kusamalira kwambiri matenda ashuga: monograph. , Mankhwala, Shiko - M., 2012. - 96 p.
Olsen BS, Mortensen X. et al. Kusamalira matenda a shuga kwa ana ndi achinyamata. Brosha, kusindikiza kwa kampani "Novo Nordisk", 1999.27 p., Popanda kutchula kufalitsidwa.
Chithandizo Cha Mkati cha Tinsley R. Harrison. M'mavoliyumu 7. Bukhu la 6. Matenda a Endocrine ndi Matenda a Metabolic, Zochita, Makampani a McGraw-Hill, Inc. - M., 2016 .-- 416 p.

Ndiloleni ndidziwitse. Dzina langa ndi Elena. Ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito ya endocrinologist kwa zaka zoposa 10. Ndikukhulupirira kuti pakadali pano ndili katswiri pantchito yanga ndipo ndikufuna kuthandiza alendo onse omwe amapezeka pamalowo kuti athetse zovuta osati ntchito. Zinthu zonse za tsambalo amazisonkhanitsa ndikuzikonza mosamala kuti athe kufotokoza zambiri zofunikira. Musanagwiritse ntchito zomwe zikufotokozedwa pa webusayiti, kukambirana ndi akatswiri ndizofunikira nthawi zonse.

Matenda a shuga a shuga

Sikoyenera kuganizira kuti ngati kuyezetsa magazi kapena kufufuza kwina kwatsimikizira kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga, ndiye kuti dokotalayo adzatumiza wodwalayo kukayezetsa pachipatala ndi anthu ena.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga masiku ano amatanthauza mawonekedwe osachiritsika, koma sizipanga munthu kudalira magulu ena atatu.

Anthu ambiri omwe amadalira insulin amakhala moyo wonse, amachita zomwe amakonda ndipo amakhala ndi chisamaliro cha okondedwa awo. Kulemala, kwenikweni, sikofunikira kwa iwo, koma maubwino a majekeseni ndi zingwe zoyeserera, sizowawa.

Mkhalidwe wapadera uli mwa ana omwe amapezeka ndi matenda amtundu woyamba akadali achichepere. Popanda kuyang'aniridwa ndi makolo kapena oyang'anira, mwana sangathe kukhalabe.

Mitundu ya Kulephera Kwa Matenda A shuga

Kulephera m'lingaliro lonse kumagawika m'magulu atatu, mosasamala kuyenerera kwa matenda a munthu:

Gulu loyamba limayikidwa pokhapokha ngati wodwalayo sangadzisamalire yekha chifukwa cha zotupa zamkati kapena zakunja kwa thupi. Ngati vuto la mtundu 1 kapena mtundu 2 wa shuga, kuphwanya kwamatenda a glucose ndi maselo sikuti ndi chifukwa choti azingoyesedwa kuchipatala kapena kukafunsidwa. Mavuto okha obwera chifukwa cha shuga wambiri ndikupangitsa kusintha kwakukulu ndi chifukwa chokhazikitsidwa ndi bungwe.
Gulu lachiwiri lolemala limatanthawuza kuti kudwala kwa munthu sikunafikire yovuta, ili pamalire amalire ndikuletsa wodwala kuti azikhala kwathunthu. Zosintha mthupi zafika kale pachimake, koma zitha kulowa chikhululukiro kapena sizilepheretsa munthu mwayi wokhala pagulu.
Gulu lachitatu limasankhidwa ndi akatswiri ngati kudwala kwakukulu kudayambitsa vuto la ziwalo zina, zomwe zimatha kusintha mtundu wamunthu. Kuchita bwino kumachepetsedwa kapena mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo umafuna katundu wina, kuyambiranso wogwira ntchito. Zopindulitsa zitha kupezeka ndi lingaliro la akatswiri.

Zomwe zimapatsa anthu "olumala" odwala matenda ashuga

Mavuto azachuma a anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ali pamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ndalama zazikulu zimafunikira pakuwunika komanso kutsata kwa shuga. Chifukwa chake, popanda chithandizo cha boma, omwe akubwezerani matenda okoma sangathe kutuluka pagulu loyipa.

Ngati matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri apezeka, ndiye kuti chithandizo chamankhwala nthawi zambiri chimadalira chakudya choyenera.

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 ndi nkhani ina, koma pali zina. Thandizo loyambira limaperekedwa kwa ana aang'ono:

Penshoni, chifukwa m'modzi mwa makolo ayenera kukhala ndi mwana nthawi zonse ndipo sangathe kupita kuntchito.
Quotas yoyeserera ndi kulandira chithandizo m'magulu apadera, ma sanatoriums.
Nsapato zaulere zamafupa kuti azitha kusintha kusintha komwe kumachitika mwa odwala matenda ashuga.
Ubwino wazothandiza.
Kuthekera kwa maphunziro aulere m'mayunivesite.
Kugawidwa kwa malo pomangapo.
Kupeza zida zapadera zowongolera mulingo wa shuga ndi momwe zimakhalira (mayesedwe oyesera, syringe, singano, insulin).

Maubwino ena amatengera kudera lomwe odwala matenda ashuga amakhala, kotero muyenera kuphunzira zambiri mwatsatanetsatane za vuto lanu.

Pomaliza

Tiyenera kuyesetsa kubwezeretsa shuga wathu ku zinthu zabwinobwino osabweretsanso mkhalidwe wovuta momwe ngakhale kulumala sikungapangitse moyo kukhala wosavuta. Koma mulimonsemo, muyenera kudziwa ufulu wanu ndikupeza zomwe malamulo amafunikira.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mukhale ndi matenda ashuga

Odwala ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti ngati mukufuna kulemala ndi matenda ashuga, muyenera kuyesetsa kwambiri. Tsimikizani kukhalapo kwa matenda a zamitsempha ayenera kukhala pafupipafupi. Monga lamulo, ndi gulu 1, izi zikuyenera kuchitika zaka ziwiri zilizonse, ndi 2 ndi 3 - pachaka. Gulu akapatsidwa ana, kuyambiranso kumachitika pakubala.

Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la endocrine pathology, ulendo wopita kuchipatala pawokha umawerengedwa kuti ndi mayeso, osanena za kusonkhanitsa zikalata zofunika pakudutsa komiti yaukatswiri wazamankhwala.

Kupeza kulumala kumatengera zinthu izi:

mtundu wa "matenda okoma"
kuopsa kwa matendawa - pali madigiri angapo omwe amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kapena kusakhalapo kwa chipukuta cha shuga m'magazi, mofananamo, kupezeka kwa zovuta kumazindikiridwa,
concomitant pathologies - kupezeka kwa matenda olimba kwambiri kumawonjezera mwayi wodwala matenda ashuga,
Kuletsa kuyenda, kulumikizana, kudzisamalira, kulephera - Iliyonse ya mndandanda walembedwedwa ndi mamembala ake.

Kuwunika kukula kwa matendawa

Akatswiri amatchula kuopsa kwa mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo yemwe akufuna kulumala, malinga ndi njira zotsatirazi.

Matenda ofatsa amadziwika ndi mkhalidwe wopendekera womwe umakhalabe ndi glycemia umapezeka ndi kukonza zakudya. Palibe matupi a acetone m'magazi ndi mkodzo, shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu sapitirira 7.6 mmol / l, glucose mumkodzo palibe. Monga lamulo, digiri iyi nthawi zambiri imalola wodwala kutenga gulu la olumala.

Kukula kwakanthawi kumatsatiridwa ndi kupezeka kwa matupi acetone m'magazi. Kuthamanga shuga kumatha kufika 15 mmol / l, shuga amawonekera mkodzo. Digirii amakhala ndi kukula kwa zovuta mu mawonekedwe a zotupa za zowonekera kupenda (retinopathy), impso (nephropathy), matenda a mantha dongosolo (neuropathy) popanda trophic ulceration.

Odwala ali ndi izi:

kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe,
kuchepa kwa magwiridwe
kusokonezeka kwa kayendedwe.

Chiyeso chachikulu chikuwoneka ndi vuto lalikulu la odwala matenda ashuga. Miyezo yambiri ya matupi a ketone mumkodzo ndi magazi, shuga m'magazi pamwamba pa 15 mmol / l, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa glucosuria. Kugonjetsedwa kwa owonera bwino ndi gawo 2-3, ndipo impso ndi gawo 4-5. Miyendo yam'munsi imakutidwa ndi zilonda zam'mimba, zimayamba kukula. Odwala nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa opaleshoni yokhotakhota pamatumbo, kudula mwendo.

Kuchuluka kwambiri kwa matendawa kumawonetsedwa ndi zovuta zomwe sizimatha kupsinjika. Mawonetsedwe pafupipafupi ndimtundu wowonongeka wa ubongo, kupunduka, chikomokere. Munthu amataya kwathunthu kusuntha, kuwona, kudzipereka yekha, kulumikizana ndi anthu ena, kuyenda mumlengalenga ndi nthawi.

Kafukufuku wolemba zolemba mu MSEC

Njira yothandizira odwala kulumala imakhala yolimba komanso yayitali. The endocrinologist imapatsa odwala kuti atulutse olumala pazotsatirazi:

zovuta za wodwalayo, kuperewera kwamalipiro a matendawa,
kuphwanya magwiridwe antchito a ziwalo zamkati ndi machitidwe,
pafupipafupi matenda a hypo- ndi hyperglycemic, com,
matenda ofatsa kapena olimbitsa, omwe amafuna kuti wodwalayo azigwira ntchito yovuta kwambiri.

Wodwala ayenera kusungitsa mndandanda wa zikalata ndikupita maphunziro ofunikira:

mayeso azachipatala
shuga m'magazi
zamankhwala osokoneza bongo
kuyesedwa kwa shuga
kusanthula kwa glycosylated hemoglobin,
kusanthula kwa mkodzo malinga ndi Zimnitsky,
electrocardiogram
echocardiogram
arteriography
rheovasography
kufunsira kwa ophthalmologist, neurologist, nephrologist, opaleshoni.

Kuchokera pamalembo ndikofunikira kukonzekera cholembera ndi pasipoti yoyambayo, kuchotsera kwa sing'anga kupita kwa MSEC, mawu ochokera kwa wodwalayo, kuchotsera kuti wodwalayo amathandizidwa kuchipatala kapena nthawi yapaderadera.

Ndikofunikira kukonzekera kope ndi choyambirira cha buku lantchito, satifiketi yokhazikika yolephera kugwira ntchito, ngati njira yobwereza ichitika.

Ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti panthawi yoyesedwanso, gulu lingachotsedwe. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kulipidwa chipukuta misozi, kusintha kwazomwe zikuchitika komanso magawo a ma laborator odwala.

Kukonzanso komanso magwiridwe antchito

Odwala omwe akhazikitsa gulu lachitatu amatha kugwira ntchitoyi, koma ndi mawonekedwe opepuka kuposa kale. Kukula kwamphamvu kwa matendawa kumathandizira kulimbitsa thupi pang'ono. Odwala oterewa ayenera kusiya maulendo amasiku, maulendo ataliatali a bizinesi, komanso magwiridwe antchito osagwirizana.

Ngati odwala matenda ashuga ali ndi mavuto amawonedwe, ndibwino kuti muchepetse voliyumu yowonera, ndi phazi la matenda ashuga - kukana kugwira ntchito. Gulu loyamba la olumala likuwonetsa kuti odwala sangathe kugwira ntchito konse.

Kukonzanso odwala kumaphatikiza kukonza zakudya, katundu wokwanira (ngati zingatheke), kuwunika pafupipafupi ndi endocrinologist ndi akatswiri ena odziwa ntchito. Chithandizo cha Sanatorium chimafunika, kupita kusukulu ya matenda ashuga. Akatswiri a MSEC amapanga mapulogalamu amomwe amathandizira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.