Insulinven insulin

Insulin ndi mapuloteni opangidwa ndi thupi, ofunika kuwonongera kwa michere ndi njira zonse za metabolic. Kukhazikika kwa insulin kumasonyezedwa pancreas ikapanda insulin yokwanira kapena sipanga konse. Njira iyi yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi insulin ili ndi zabwino komanso zovuta zake, zomwe wodwala ayenera kudziwa, zomwe zimafunikira tsiku lililonse mahomoni enaake.

ZOFUNIKA KUDZIWA! Ngakhale odwala matenda ashuga kwambiri amatha kuchiritsidwa kunyumba, popanda opaleshoni kapena zipatala. Ingowerenga zomwe Marina Vladimirovna akunena. werengani zonena zake.

Chifukwa chiyani kudzera m'mitsempha?

Nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amakonda kuperekera njira zina, koma kenako amapitilira njira yolowerera. Cholinga chake ndikuti njira yolowerera imakhala ndi maubwino angapo pa subcutaneous. Chifukwa chake, muyezo wa jakisoni wa subcutaneous ndi 16-30 IU, pamene mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri konse ndi mtsempha wa magazi. Komanso, mankhwalawo akalowa mwachindunji m'magazi, zochita zake zimathamanga kangapo, ndipo zotsatirapo zake zimatha kuoneka masekondi angapo. Kuphatikiza apo, pakubaya jekeseni wothana ndi mwayi wokhala m'mitsempha, izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale insulin yambiri.

Shuga amachepetsedwa nthawi yomweyo! Matenda a shuga m'kupita kwa nthawi angayambitse matenda ambiri, monga mavuto amawonedwe, khungu ndi tsitsi, zilonda zam'mimba, zilonda zam'mimba komanso matenda otupa! Anthu amaphunzitsa zinzake zowawa kuti azisintha shuga. werengani.

Kodi njira yoperekera insulin kudzera m'mitsempha imakhala bwanji?

Njira yolimba, yovuta kwambiri kwa wodwala kuposa subcutaneous. Izi zimadziwika makamaka pokonzekera njirayi. Kwa makonzedwe amtumbo, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale cholembera. Ichi ndi chipangizo chosavuta kwambiri, ndizotheka kuyeza mlingo womwe ukufunika, mwayi wa jakisoni wosapindulitsa umachepetsedwa kwambiri. Kuti mupeze insulin m'mitsempha, mumayenera syringe ndi singano yapadera, komanso zovuta zina.

Itha kutumikiridwa kudzera mwa ana ophunzitsidwa ndi ana omwe amalumikizidwa ndi dontho. Idzatenga 50 ml ya insulin kusungunuka mu 500 ml ya phineological saline. Pitani 50 ml yoyamba pa adapter, izi zingalepheretse adsorption pamakonzedwe. Ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulowa:

Kudzera kwa njira

Odwala matenda ashuga amadziwa kuti kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi kumabweretsa zotsatirapo zoyipa, momwe minofu yamitsempha imawonongeka, minyewa yamitsempha imawonongeka. Ngati shuga akhalabe m'magazi, kuwonongeka kwake kumakhala ndi nthawi yochuluka. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ambiri odwala amakonda kulowetsedwa. Insulin ikalowa m'magazi, nthawi yomweyo imaphwanya shuga, yomwe singagwirizane ndi chilengedwe. Muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti shuga ndi owopsa osati ambiri, komanso ang'onoang'ono. Ndi njirayi, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatsika nthawi yomweyo, komwe kumatha kubweretsa mantha m'thupi. Chifukwa chake, jakisoni wotsekemera amakhala wabwino, kenako, ngati nfunika, wina.

Kuwongolera kwa intraven ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse msanga msanga, umagwiritsidwa ntchito pakagwa mwadzidzidzi, mukafuna kuchepetsa shuga panthawi yochepa. Njirayi imapweteketsa thupi kwambiri, chifukwa siyili ngati chilengedwe. Pankhaniyi, kuukira kwa hypoglycemia kumachitika pafupipafupi. Kuukira pafupipafupi kwa hypoglycemia kumatha kubweretsa zotsatirapo zoyipa.

Ndi vuto la hypoglycemia, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi a glucose kapena china chokoma.

Kodi mapindu ake ndi otani?

Choyambirira, maubwino a njira yolowerera mkati mwa subcutaneous ndikuthamanga kwa mankhwalawa. Mukalowa m'mitsempha, kuchitapo kanthu kumachitika pompopompo. Chifukwa chinanso chachikulu chosinthira jakisoni wambiri ndi mtengo wa mankhwalawo. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amadziwa kuti mtengo wa mankhwalawo, ngakhale umapezeka tsiku lililonse, umakhala wokwera kwambiri. Chifukwa cha jakisoni wovomerezeka, kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kumatha kuchepetsedwa, motero, tsiku lililonse mlingo umakhala wochepa. Komabe, zimaphatikizidwa kuti zitha kusankha nokha njira yoyendetsera mankhwala omwe amapezeka ndi insulin. Izi zimachitika ndi dokotala, poganizira momwe wodwalayo alili ndi zotsatira zake zonse zomwe zingachitike.

Zolemba za mankhwala

Hemeni ya insulin ndi mankhwala a protein-peptide omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a shuga. Imatha kukopa machitidwe a metabolic mthupi, makamaka pa chakudya.

Chifukwa cha insulini, shuga m'magazi komanso kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe ake ndi minofu amatha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mahomoni amalimbikitsa kupanga glycogen ndikuletsa kutembenuka kwa lipids ndi ma amino acid kukhala chakudya.

Gawo lalikulu la insulin limatengedwa kuti litenge ntchito yochepetsa shuga ya 0,045 mg ya crystalline insulin.

The achire zotsatira thupi la odwala matenda ashuga makamaka amagwirizana ndi kuchotsedwa kwa kusokonezedwa mu tsiku ndi tsiku kagayidwe kachakudya matenda a lipids ndi chakudya. Insulin imawongolera thanzi la odwala chifukwa chakuti:

shuga wamagazi amachepa
glucosuria (shuga mu mkodzo) ndi acetonuria (kudzikundikira kwa acetone m'magazi) amachotsedwa,
chiwonetsero cha zovuta zambiri za matenda a shuga (polyarthritis, furunculosis, polyneuritis) amachepetsa.

Ndani amawonetsedwa insulin?

Chizindikiro chachikulu chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi matenda a mtundu 1 shuga mellitus (wodalira insulin). Ngati mungabayikize mahomoni m'mankhwala ochepera (kuchokera pazinthu 5 mpaka 10), ndiye kuti amakuthandizani:

matenda ena a chiwindi
acidosis
kutaya kwamphamvu
kutopa
furunculosis,
chithokomiro.

Mokwanira kwambiri, mankhwalawa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku dermatology. Insulin imatha kulimbana bwino ndi matenda a shuga a chifuwa cha shuga, ziphuphu, khungu, Psoriasis, urticaria, pyoderma yopweteka komanso kuwonongeka kwa yisiti pakhungu.

Nthawi zina zimakhala zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito insulin muzochita zama psychopsychiatric. Kuphatikiza apo, timadzi timene timagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kudalira mowa komanso mavuto amanjenje.

Masiku ano, ena mwa mitundu ya matenda a schizophrenia amathandizidwa bwino chifukwa cha insulinocomatosis. Imakhala yokhudza kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwalawa mu milingo yotere yomwe ingayambitse mantha a hypoglycemic.

Malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito

Nthawi zambiri, insulini imaphatikizira jakisoni wamkati ndi mu mnofu wapakati ndi syringe yapadera. M'mikhalidwe yapadera, mwachitsanzo, mukomoka, imatha kutumikiridwa kudzera m'mitsempha. Kuyimitsidwa kwa insulin kumayendetsedwa kokha pakhungu.

Mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku uyenera kumalilidwa katatu ndipo musanadye (30 mphindi). Mphamvu ya jakisoni woyamba imayamba pambuyo pa mphindi 30-60 ndipo imatenga maola 4 mpaka 8.

Pakaperekedwa kwa magazi, mankhwalawa amafika pakapita mphindi 20-30 ndipo pakatha mphindi 60 chiwopsezo cha timadzi m'magazi a wodwalayo chimafika msanga.

Kuphatikiza kuyimitsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali mu syringe, zomwe zili mu vial ziyenera kugwedezeka bwino mpaka kuyimitsidwa koyenera.

Pochotsa matenda a shuga ndi inulin, ndikofunikira kutsatira zakudya zapadera. Mlingo wa mankhwalawa ayenera kusankhidwa mosiyanasiyana. Zimatengera kwathunthu:

kuopsa kwa matendawa
kuchuluka kwa glucose kwamkodzo
zambiri za wodwala.

Voliyumu yovomerezeka imasiyana kuchokera ku 10 mpaka 40 magawo patsiku. Mankhwalawa odwala matenda ashuga, Mlingo wa timadzi timadzi tomwe timafunikira tiyenera kuchuluka:

ndi makina oyenda mpaka 100 PISCES,
kudzera m'mitseko mpaka 50 mayunitsi.

Dongosolo la matenda ashuga limapereka mlingo wa insulin, womwe umasiyana malinga ndi zovuta zake. Matenda ena onse azachipatala safuna kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zaperekedwa.

Ndani amene sayenera kubayitsa insulin?

Pali mosiyanasiyana contraindication ntchito insulin. Izi zimaphatikizapo matenda:

chiwindi
zilonda zam'mimba ndi zam'mimba,
yade
kapamba
matenda a impso
matenda a mtima owonongeka.

Zotsatira zoyipa za thupi

Monga ulamuliro, zovuta zimachitika pokhapokha chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa insulin. Chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe ka intravenous kapena subcutaneous, kukhazikika kwake m'magazi kumachuluka. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati shuga sanalowe m'thupi, ndiye kuti mwayi wokhala ndi vuto la hypoglycemic ndiwambiri (pomwe glucose imatsikira pamlingo wosavomerezeka).

Nthawi zambiri, insulin yayikulu imayambitsa:

kugunda kwamtima kwambiri
kufooka kwa minofu
kupuma movutikira
thukuta
kupulumuka.

M'mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri, kuwonjezereka kwa insulin yopanda chiphuphu cha carbohydrate (ngati shuga sanadye) kumaphatikizapo kusowa chikumbumtima, kukomoka komanso kuchepa kwa magazi.

Kuti muchepetse vutoli mwachangu, ndikofunikira kudyetsa wodwalayo 100 ga mkate wopanda tirigu, tiyi wopanda mkaka kapena supuni ziwiri za shuga wonenepa pokhapokha kuwonekera kwa hypoglycemia.

Ndi zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda a matenda ashuga, shuga m'mitsempha ndikuthothoka. Ngati ndi kotheka, shuga angagwiritsidwe ntchito mosadukiza kapena epinephrine akagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zolemba zogwiritsira ntchito

Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kuperewera kwa magazi m'thupi komanso kufooka kwa magazi m'magazi amafunika chisamaliro chapadera popereka insulin. Potengera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa nthawi yayitali kumayambiriro a zamankhwala, kupenda mkodzo pafupipafupi ndi magazi a glucose kuyenera kuchitidwa. Izi zipereka mpata wofotokoza nthawi yakukonzekera kwa mahomoni kuti achite bwino.

Monga lamulo, ma insulin omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali sagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati precomatose ndi chikhalidwe cha wodwala. Ndi ntchito yomweyo ya lipocaine, zotsatira za insulin zimakulanso.

Nthawi zambiri, kuyambitsa chinthu kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito ma syringes apadera. Cholembera chimbiracho ndichosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito, simuyenera kukhala ndi luso, ndipo zoopsa zonse ndizochepa. Ma syringe amenewa amathandizira kuyeza mulingo woyenera wa mankhwalawo ndikupanga jakisoni woyenera.

Neutral insulin (sungunuka) imaphatikizanso kuyambitsa kukoka kwa mtsempha. Ndikofunikira kwa matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis. Komabe, mawu oyamba otere atha kukhala osangalatsa.

Ikaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha, yankho la isotonic la 40 PIECES limataya 60 mpaka 80 peresenti ya chinthucho chifukwa chophatikizika ndi zida za chidebe chothetsera ndi kulowetsedwa. Mukamawerengera kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa, ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse tiziganizira izi. Muyenera kuwonjezera pa kachitidwe:

mapuloteni (a insulin ligament),
plasma albin,
magazi a wodwalayo mwiniwake (ml angapo).

Ngati oyambitsa angaphatikizidwe ndi magazi a wodwalayo, ndiye kuti kulumikizana kwa mahomoni ndi zinthu sikudzachitika, ndipo wodwalayo amalandira kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa mankhwalawo. Poterepa, kuyambitsa pang'onopang'ono njira yokhutira kwambiri kumakhala kosavuta kwambiri.

Kutulutsidwa, kutulutsa insulini pang'onopang'ono sikuti kumangodontheza m'mitsempha. Nthawi yogwira ntchito ya timadzi tosungunuka ndi njirayi imakhala yofupikirapo kuposa pansi pakhungu.

Zochita zake zimayamba kale pakadutsa mphindi 15, ndipo nsombazi zimafikiridwa pakati pa mphindi 30 mpaka 60. Zotsatira za insulin zotere zimatha 2 mawola ntchito.

Zizindikiro ndi contraindication

Mitseko yotsekemera ya intravenous imasonyezedwa kuti ibwezeretse kuchuluka kwa magazi, kuchotsa zizindikiro za kuledzera, kusintha ma electrolyte, kubwezeretsa asidi m'magazi, chakudya chamagulu, mankhwala oletsa ululu.

Pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera chodulira madzi (dongosolo), ndizotheka kuonetsetsa kuti mayendedwe ake atuluka m'magazi mothamanga kwambiri mpaka madontho 20 mpaka 60 pamphindi.

Zotsatira za kukhazikitsa kwa ma ruble ndi zotupa pakhungu ndi minyewa yodukiza pamalo opangira, phlebitis, yomwe imapangira jakisoni wamtsempha. Ngati pali contraindication yakumaloko ya jakisoni wovomerezeka, mtsempha wina umasankhidwa.

Kusankhidwa kwadongosolo

Msika wogulitsa zamankhwala umapereka zida zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala othandizira kukoka kwamankhwala. Mukamasankha kachitidwe, lingalirani kukula kwa maselo ofikira. Siyanitsani pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatchedwa "PC", ndi tinthu tating'ono, tokhala ndi "PR".

Dongosolo la PC limagwiritsidwa ntchito poika magazi athunthu, othandizira magazi kapena zinthu zamagazi. Ma cell am'magazi ndi ma mamolekyulu akulu amadutsa mu ma cell akuluakulu a mafayilo popanda mavuto. Ngati dongosolo la PR likugwiritsidwa ntchito poika magazi pazinthu zamafuta, fyuluta imapumira mwachangu ndipo kulowetsaku kutha.

Pakuyambitsa kuyambitsa kwa ma electrolyte, ma amino acid, shuga ndi njira zina zomwazika bwino, machitidwe a PR amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kukula kwakanthawi kwa maselo ofiira (m'mimba mwake osaposa 15 ma microni) kumalepheretsa kulowa zodetsa zoyipa kuchokera munjira yoyendera magazi, koma sikutiletsa kudutsa kwa zigawo za mankhwala.

Kuphatikiza pa kukula kwa maselo ofikira, zinthu zomwe singano zimapangidwa ndipo m'mimba mwake ndizofunikira kwambiri posankha kulowetsedwa. Ngati kukhuthala kwakanthawi kapena mobwerezabwereza kudzera m'mitsempha yochepa yamadzimadzi pamafunika masana, makonda ayenera kuperekedwa kwa singano za polymer ndi catheters. Pakuwongolera mayankho kuchokera mumipanda yamagalasi, yotsekedwa ndi oyimitsa mphira, muyenera kusankha kachitidwe kokhala ndi singano zachitsulo.

Mukamasankha singano ya singano, kumbukirani kuti ndikakulitsa singano m'mimba mwake, mumatsitsa chiwerengerocho. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, singano yayikulu kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala kwambiri kuti muchepetse zizindikiro zadzidzidzi zalembedwa 14, ndipo singano ya "ana" yalembedwa 22.

Zida zofunika

Pa ndondomekoyi, muyenera kukonzekera chilichonse chomwe mukufuna. Cholembera chikuyenera kukhala chosawoneka bwino chovalacho, tebulo ziwiri (yoyamba ya zida zosalala ndi chachiwiri, chachiwiri chazogwiritsidwa ntchito), ma tepi, lumo, magolovesi, mipira ya thonje, zida zogwiritsira ntchito kukoka kwa drip.

Kuti mupachike botolo ndi yankho la dontho, muyenera tripod. Panyumba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma kanema osanja kapena zida zopangidwa ndi nyumba (mwachitsanzo, botolo la pulasitiki lowoneka ndi chipangizo chokupachika).

Kuphatikiza pazomwe zili pamwambapa, kuti musinthane mudzafunika pepala kapena chopondera (pansi pa cholowa), malo opondera mitsempha, pulasitala womatira, ndi mowa wamankhwala (70 °) ngati yankho la mankhwala opatsirana.

Kukonzekera njirayi

Kuti chinyengochi chikhale chotetezeka, anthu omwe akuchitapo kanthu ayenera kutsatira mosamalitsa zochita poyika omwe akutsikira.

Kukonzekera njirayi kumachitika m'chipinda chowongolera, ndikuwona malamulo a asepsis ndi chitetezo chokwanira:

Chongani kulimba kwa mapaketi a kotsikira, moyo wake wa alumali, kupezeka kwa zisoti pazingano. Ngati chikwamacho ndichopunduka kapena tsiku lotha ntchito, ntchito yake siyingagwiritsidwe ntchito chifukwa kusabala kwake kwawonongeka.
Asanatsike tinthu timene timatsitsa, ogwira ntchito ayenera kusamba m'manja ndi madzi ofunda ndi sopo, kuwapukuta, ndi kuvala magolovu osafunikira. Pamwamba pa tebulo lokonzekera jakisoni, ndikofunikira kufalitsa konkire. Chitani kachikwama ndi tinthu totsalira tokhala ndi mpira wosalala wothira mowa, kenako mutsegule ndikuyika zomwe zili phukusi pa diaper wosabala.
Vial ya mankhwala iyenera kupendedwa mosamala.Iyenera kukhala ndi zilembo zokhala ndi dzina la mankhwalawo mkati ndi tsiku lotha ntchito. Gwedezani botolo kuti mutsimikizire kuti mawonekedwe a yankho sanasinthe. Ngati mankhwala owonjezereka ayenera kuyambitsidwa mu vial ndi yankho, muyenera kuyang'ana ma ampoules kapena Mbale ndi mankhwalawa, onetsetsani kuti mayina awo akugwirizana ndi mindandanda yazotsatira. Ayenera kukhala oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kusowa kwa mayina ndi / kapena alumali moyo wa mankhwala mu ma ampoules ndiye chifukwa chokana kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.
Chotsani kapu ya aluminiyamu kuchokera pambale. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuthandizidwa ndi mpira wa thonje wokhazikika mu mowa, ndikuchotsa chivundikirocho ndi zotupa kapena lumo. Kupanga cholembera choyimira pa botolo lopukutidwa ndi mpira.
Chipewa chimachotsedwa mu singano ya duct ndipo singano imayikidwa mu choyimitsa botolo mpaka itayima. Sikoyenera kuwonjezera kukonzeretsera singano: ngati njira zotsegulira thumba ndi tinthu timalovu takumana, singano ndiosabala. Chitani zomwezo ndi singano ya kulowerera chubu. Yang'anani kuti kuphatikiza (gudumu) pa chubu cholumikizira chatsekedwa. Botolo limatembenuzidwa ndikuyiyika pa matatu.
Dinani kawiri pa chipinda chotsatsira kuti muchotse theka ndikudzaza ndi yankho kuchokera m'botolo. Kuthamangitsa mpweya kuchokera ku chubu cholowetsera, tsegulani chithokomacho, chotsani kapu ku singano yachiwiri ya chubu ndikudzaza pang'onopang'ono dongosolo lonse ndi yankho kuchokera pambale. Mlengalenga utasunthidwa kwathunthu, chofunikira pa chubu chimatsekedwa, ndipo chophimba chimayikidwa singano. Makina a yankho la drip amaonedwa kuti ndi okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito.

Njira yothetsera kukoka kwa mankhwalawa singachitike popanda wodwala kapena abale ake. Chifukwa chake, asanakhazikitse, ayenera kuvomereza kuti zibwezere.

Kubera

Wodwala kwa njira yovomerezeka kuti adzagone ayenera kugona momasuka: adzagona ndi dzanja losagwedera kwakanthawi. Kukhazikitsa dontho, muyenera kulowetsa mtsempha. Ndikofunikira kuponya mitsempha pamanja "osagwira ntchito". Ndikwabwino kusankha ziwiya zam'kati kuti zisamaonongeke pang'onopang'ono.

Dontho lonyongedwa bwino limayikidwa mkatikati mwa mtsempha, kapena mtsempha wamphongo. Ndiosavuta kuyika ma catheters. Pafupipafupi, mitsempha kumbuyo kwa dzanja imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokoka njira. Kuti ogwira ntchito pachipatalapo akhale ndi mwayi woponyera mitsempha nthawi yachiwiri (ngati nthawi yoyamba sichinaphule kanthu), ndibwino kuti muponyeni pafupi ndi dzanja. Kachiwiri ndikosatheka kulowa malo omwe anapangidwapo kale: ndizowopsa kuthyola khoma lamkati.

Mukasankha mtsempha wofinya komanso musanakhomerere khoma la venous pamwamba pamalowo, jakisoni imayikidwa m'manja. Mangani malo okwerera alendo kuti akatsekere mitsempha padzanja pansi. Mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito ulendowu, pilo yaing'ono imayikidwa pansi pa nsonga ya wodwalayo kuti akwaniritse zolumikizana. Wodwala ayenera "kugwira ntchito ndi nkhonya yake" kuti apange venous stasis.

Pamaso pa venipunition, ogwira ntchito zachipatala ayenera kuvala magolovesi osalala ndikuwotcha khungu kuzungulira malo opumiramo katatu: mpira woyamba wosalala uli ndi gawo lalikulu la khungu mozungulira, chachiwiri - gawo laling'ono ndi lachitatu - mwachindunji malo obwezera. Kuchita katatu kwamtunduwu pakhungu kumapereka chokwanira chakuteteza khungu ku malo obayira.

Pambuyo pakuwononga khungu, chotsani kapu ku singano yaulere ya kulowetsedwa, kuzungulira ndi singano ndi kuduladula, ndikukonza mtsempha ndi chala chamanthu chakumanzere kuti muchite bwino. Pakona 30 305 ° iwo amawola khungu ndi khosi lowonekera. Kuchokera pa cannula ya singano, ndi chinyengo chokwanira, magazi ayenera kuwonekera.

Mpira wosalala umayikidwa pansi pa cannula ya singano, bwalo lamayendedwe limachotsedwa, chogwirizira pa chubu cha kulowetsedwa kwa dongosolo chimatsegulidwa, madontho angapo a yankho amatsitsidwa, dongosolo limalumikizidwa ndi singano ya singano. Mpira wokhala ndi madontho amwazi amachotsedwa. Kukonza singano m'mitsempha, imalumikizidwa pakhungu ndi bandi-yothandizira.

Chipinda chofukizira ndi chotsekemera chikhala chokwezeka kuposa cannula yotsika. Kuphwanya lamuloli kungapangitse mpweya kulowa m'magazi. Mlingo wofunikira woperekera mankhwala umayendetsedwa ndikuwombera pa kulowetsedwa kwa chubu la dontho. Kuthamanga kwa mankhwalawa kumatsimikiziridwa ndi wotchi ndi dzanja lachiwiri. Momwe mankhwalawa amatsikira, thanzi la wodwalayo ndi malo oyikiramo dontho amayenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi.

Ngati munthawi ya wodwalayo akufunika kupaka jakisoni mankhwala ena, izi zimachitika ndi kupukusira chubu cha kulowetsedwa, popeza kale anali atamwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Mapeto a ndondomeko

Pambuyo pa njirayi, tsekani chimbudzi pa kulowetsedwa chubu, chotsani pulasitala yomatira, kuphimba malowo ndi mpira wosalala wa thonje ndikutulutsa singano mu mtsempha ndi khungu. Zitatha izi, wodwalayo ayenera kupindika mkono wake m'chiwombono, atanyamula mpira pa thonje. Pakadali pano, dzanja liyenera kugwidwa kwa mphindi zosachepera 3-5 kuletsa kupangika kwa hematoma pamalo omupaka mtsempha.

Kuti mukhale otetezeka pamatenda, muyenera kusiya njira yotsitsira kuchokera ku mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kudula ndi lumo ndikuyiyika mu chidebe chokhala ndi njira yothandizira kupopera (singano - payokha, chubu chodulira - mosiyana). Pambuyo pake, ogwira ntchito zachipatala amatha kuchotsa magolovu awo, kutsuka ndikumauma manja.

Pazosanja za mabizinesi ndi njira, komanso pamndandanda wa omwe akuyembekezeredwa, ayenera kulembapo za mabodzawo.

Zovuta zotheka

Mukamayika dontho la intravenous, zovuta zimatheka. Izi zikuphatikiza:

kuphipha kwamitsempha
chotupa chachikulu ndi hematoma pamalo opaka khungu,
kuchuluka
phlebitis
sepsis
mpweya komanso mafuta
kuwonongeka kwa tendons, mitsempha ndi mitsempha,
pyrogenic komanso thupi lawo siligwirizana,
chizungulire, mtima arrhythmias, kugwa.

Ngati kupindika kwamitsempha kumachitika pakulipika, khoma lake lakumaso lingawonongeke. Zotsatira zake, magazi ndi mankhwala amalowa m'malo a paravasal. Kukhetsa kwa magazi kumadzaza ndi kutupa ndi kupangika kwa hematoma pamalo operekera matendawa, ndipo mitundu ina ya mankhwalawa, monga calcium chloride kapena aminophylline, imakhala ndi mkwiyo wam'deralo pazinthu zovuta.

Extravasation amatanthauza kulumikizidwa kwa gawo lalikulu la mankhwala mu malo oyamba, chifukwa chophwanya njira zobera. Zotsatira zowopsa kwambiri za extravasation ndi minofu necrosis.

Phlebitis (kutukusira kwa makoma a venous) amayamba kuchokera pakukhumudwitsa kwa makoma amitsempha ndi mankhwala. Zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha thrombosis ya mtsempha wowonongeka. Sepsis ndi chifukwa chophwanya malamulo a asepsis ndi antiseptics panthawi yopanga.

Mafuta obwera pambuyo pake amayamba chifukwa chobayira molakwika ma emulsions am'mitsempha, komanso embolism ya mpweya chifukwa chamabatani amlengalenga amalowa m'magazi ndikuphwanya algorithm pakukonzekera ndikukhazikitsa dontho.

Ngati kukhotakhota kwa mitsempha yapakati kwakakulu kwambiri, kuwonongeka kwa tendon yam'mapewa kapena brachial mtsempha kumatheka.

Kuyankha kwa Pyrogenic (kuwonjezeka kwambiri kwa kutentha kwa thupi, kuzizira) kumatha kuchitika ngati mankhwala omwe atha ntchito agwiritsidwa ntchito kulowetsedwa kapena ngati mankhwala ena sakupatsirani odwala. Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala mwachangu kwambiri kumatha kupangitsa chizungulire, kulephera kwa mtima, kapena kugwa mwa wodwala.

Thupi lawo siligwirizana pakhungu lothira njira zothetsera matendawa pakakhala zovuta kwa odwala ndipo amatha kudziwonetsa ngati ali ndi vuto la khungu, totupa, kuyabwa, kudwala kwa Quincke ndi anaphylactic.

Ndi zovuta zakomweko, odwala amafunikira chithandizo cham'deralo (ma complex omwe angathe kuyamwa, maukonde a ayodini). Pakakhala zovuta zambiri, ndikofunikira kusiya njirayi ndikupereka chisamaliro kwa odwala, mwachitsanzo, kugwedezeka kapena kuwonongeka kwa anaphylactic.

Kuthira kwa mitsempha mkati kumakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala, koma kusakwanira kwaumoyo wogwira ntchito zachipatala omwe amachititsa kuti achite zachinyengo, ndikuphwanya malangizo omwe akukwaniritsa kungayambitse kukula kwa zovuta zomwe zimakhala zowopsa paumoyo wa wodwalayo komanso moyo.