Momwe mungakhalire ndi matenda a shuga ndikukhala olimba komanso athanzi (malangizo kuchokera kuzomwe mwakumana nazo)

Ndatumiza kuyankhulana uku pamalowo, popeza upangiri wofunika kwambiri ndi upangiri kuchokera kwa munthu amene ali ndi vuto linalake ndipo amakhala ndi zotsatirapo zake kuti athetse. Sindinakweze chithunzicho kuchokera ku zofuna za Marina Fedorovna, Koma nkhaniyo ndi zonse zomwe zalembedwa ndizachidziwikire zenizeni komanso zotsatira zenizeni. Ndikuganiza kuti anthu ambiri omwe amadziwa mtundu wa matenda ashuga awa akapeza chinthu chamtengo wapatali komanso chofunikira kwa iwo eni. Kapenanso angawonetsetse kuti matendawa si chiganizo, ndi gawo latsopano m'moyo.

Dziwa kuti mwangozi

FUNSO: Tizidziwana kaye kaye. Chonde dziwitseni, ndipo ngati izi sizikukhumudwitsani, ndiuzeni kuti muli ndi zaka zingati?
Yankho: Dzina langa ndi Marina Fedorovna, ndili ndi zaka 72.

FUNSO: Kodi mwakhala mukudwala matenda ashuga kuyambira liti? Ndipo muli ndi matenda ashuga otani?
Yankho: Ndinapezeka ndi matenda a shuga zaka 12 zapitazo. Ndili ndi matenda ashuga a 2.

FUNSO: Ndipo nchiyani chinakupangitsani kuti mupite kukayezetsa shuga? Kodi adakhala ndi zisonyezo zilizonse kapena zidachitika chifukwa chakuchezerani dokotala?
Yankho: Ndinayamba kuda nkhawa ndi kuyabwa kumeneku, ngakhale pambuyo pake kunapezeka kuti izi sizikugwirizana ndi matenda ashuga. Koma ine ndinapita ndi kudandaula kwa kuyabwa kwa endocrinologist. Anandiyesa matenda a shuga ndi glucose.
Kusanthula kwanga koyamba pa 8 am kunali kwachilendo - 5.1. Kuwunikiranso kwachiwiri, nditatha kudya shuga pang'ono ola limodzi pambuyo pake, kunali 9. Ndipo maola awiri wachitatu atatha mayeso oyamba omwe amayenera kuwonetsa kuchepa kwa shuga, ndipo mmalo mwake, ndidasilira ndikukhala ndi zaka 12. Pambuyo pake zidatsimikiziridwa.

Onjezani aliyense

FUNSO: Kodi mumawopa kwambiri kuzindikiridwa kwa matenda ashuga?
Yankho: Inde. Miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndisanadziwe kuti ndili ndi matenda ashuga, ndinapita kuchipatala ndipo ndimadikirira kuti ndikhale ndi dokotala, ndinalankhula ndi mayi wina yemwe anali pafupi nane. Amawoneka wosaposa zaka 40-45, koma anali wakhungu kwathunthu. Monga ananenera, iye anali wakhungu usiku umodzi. Madzulo amawonera TV, ndipo m'mawa adadzuka ndipo sanawone kalikonse, anayesa ngakhale kufa, koma kenako adasintha momwemo ndipo tsopano akukhala motere. Nditamufunsa chomwe chimayambitsa, adayankha kuti izi zinali zotsatira za matenda a shuga. Chifukwa chake nditapezeka ndi izi, ndinali ndi nkhawa kwakanthawi, ndikukumbukira mayi wakhungu uja. Kenako, adayamba kuphunzira zomwe zingachitike ndi momwe angapangire moyo.

Lembani 1 kapena 2 shuga

FUNSO: Kodi mumasiyanitsa bwanji pakati pa matenda ashuga amtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2?
Yankho: Matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 nthawi zambiri amakhala odwala matenda a shuga, i.e. pamafunika kukhazikitsa insulin kuchokera kunja. Nthawi zambiri amadwala kuyambira ali mwana komanso kuyambira ali ana. Matenda a 2 a shuga amapezeka ndi matenda ashuga. Monga lamulo, limadziwonekera lokha lokalamba, kuyambira pafupifupi zaka 50, ngakhale tsopano mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga ndi wocheperapo. Matenda a shuga a Type 2 amakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi moyo osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, koma kungotsatira zakudya, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amakupatsani mwayi kuti muperekenso shuga.

Kusankhidwa koyamba atazindikira kuti ali ndi matendawa

FUNSO: Kodi chinthu choyamba chomwe dokotala akukupatsani, ndi mankhwala ati?

Yankho: Dokotala sanandiyikire mankhwala, adandilimbikitsanso kutsatira zakudya ndikumachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, omwe nthawi zambiri sindimachita. Ndikuganiza kuti ngakhale shuga m'magazi siwambiri, ndiye kuti mutha kunyalanyaza machitidwe, ndipo zakudya sizimatsatiridwa nthawi zonse. Koma sizimapita pachabe. Pang'onopang'ono, ndidayamba kuwona kusintha kwa thanzi langa, zomwe zidawonetsa kuti kusintha kumeneku ndi chifukwa cha "ntchito" ya matenda ashuga.

FUNSO: Ndipo ndi mtundu wanji wa mankhwala omwe mumamwa kawiri kawiri motsutsana ndi matenda a shuga?
Yankho: Sindimamwa mankhwala tsopano. Nditakumana koyamba ndi a endocrinologist, ndinabweretsa zotsatira za kuyesa magazi kwa hemoglobin ya glycated, yomwe inali yangwiro. Ndi pafupipafupi pa 4 mpaka 6.2, ndinali ndi 5.1, motero adotolo adati pakadali pano sipangakhale mankhwala ochepetsa shuga omwe amadziwika kuti ndi otero, chifukwa mwayi waukulu woyambitsa hypoglycemia. Apanso, adalimbikitsa kwambiri kuti muzitsatira zakudya zolimbitsa thupi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Kuwongolera shuga ndikofunikira!

FUNSO: Kodi mumayang'ana kangati magazi kuti mupeze shuga?
Yankho: Nthawi zambiri, ndimayang'ana shuga m'magazi kawiri pa sabata. Poyamba ndidaliyang'ana kamodzi pamwezi, chifukwa ndidalibe glucometer yanga, ndipo kuchipatalako koposa kamodzi pamwezi sakandibweretsera komweko kuti ndikaunike. Kenako ndidagula glucometer ndipo ndidayamba kuyang'ana pafupipafupi, koma kuphatikiza kawiri pa sabata mtengo wa mizere yoyesera wa glucometer sukulola.

FUNSO: Kodi mumayendera endocrinologist pafupipafupi (osachepera kamodzi pachaka)?
Yankho: Ndimapita kwa dokotala wa endocrinologist osaposa kawiri pachaka, komanso kangapo. Atangopezeka kuti ali ndi matendawa, amachezera kamodzi pamwezi, kenako pocheperapo, ndipo akagula glucometer, sanayambenso kuchezera kawiri pachaka. Pomwe ndimatha kudziletsa matenda ashuga. Kamodzi pachaka ndimakayezetsa ku chipatala, ndipo nthawi yonseyi ndimayesa mayeso amagazi ndi glucometer yanga.

Zakudya okhwima kapena ayi

FUNSO: Kodi dotolo yemwe wakupangitsani kudziwa za matenda anu adalankhula nanu za zakudyazo kapena zakudziwitsani kuchokera pa intaneti?
Yankho: Inde, dotolo atangozindikira atandiuza kuti mpaka pano chithandizo changa chomayamwa ndicho kudya okhwima. Ndakhala pachakudya kwa zaka 12 tsopano, ngakhale nthawi zina ndimasweka, makamaka nthawi yotentha, mavwende ndi mphesa zimawonekera. Zachidziwikire, adokotala sangathe kukuwuzani mwatsatanetsatane za chakudyacho mwatsatanetsatane, popeza alibe nthawi yokwanira ku phwando. Adangopereka zoyambira zokha, ndipo ine ndidakwanitsa kuzichita ndekha. Ndinawerenga magawo osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri pa intaneti amapereka chidziwitso chotsutsana ndipo muyenera kusefa nokha, kuti mumve zambiri komanso zopanda pake.

FUNSO: Kodi kadyedwe kanu kamasinthira motani mutazindikira kuti mumapezeka?
Yankho: Asintha kwambiri. Ndinachotsa ku chakudya changa pafupifupi makeke onse okoma, maswiti, zipatso zotsekemera. Koma koposa zonse ndinakhumudwa kuti kunali kofunikira kuchotsa pafupifupi mkate uliwonse, chimanga, pasitala, mbatata kuchokera ku chakudya. Mutha kudya nyama iliyonse komanso pafupifupi chilichonse, koma ndimadya pang'ono. Mafuta sindingathe ngakhale chidutswa chaching'ono, ndimadana nacho. Ndasiya borsch mu zakudya zanga, ndimakonda kwambiri, kokha ndi mbatata zochepa, kabichi momwe mungafunire. Mutha kudya kabichi iliyonse komanso mulimonse. Zomwe ndimachita. M'nyengo yozizira yonse ndimachita kupesa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, 2-3 kg aliyense.

Zoletsa kwathunthu….

FUNSO: Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe wakana mpaka kalekale? Kapena kodi palibe zakudya zoterezi ndipo nonse mumadya pang'ono?
Yankho: Ndinakana maswiti nthawi yomweyo komanso kwamuyaya. Nthawi yomweyo kunali kovuta kupita kusitolo ya maswiti ndikuyenda kudutsa maswiti, koma sizikuyambitsa mayanjano aliwonse osasangalatsa kwa ine ndipo palibe chifukwa chofuna kudya phukusi limodzi. Nthawi zina ndimadya keke kakang'ono kwambiri, kamene ndimaphikira banja langa.

Sindingakane kwathu maapulo, mapichesi ndi ma apricots, koma ndimadya pang'ono. Zomwe ndimadya kwambiri ndi raspberries ndi sitiroberi. Ambiri ndi lingaliro lachibale, koma poyerekeza ndi zipatso zina zimakhala zambiri. Ndimadya nthawi yachilimwe patsiku mu mtsuko wa theka-lita.

FUNSO: Kodi chovuta kwambiri ndi chiyani pazinthu za matenda ashuga zomwe mumakumana nacho?
Yankho: Zovulaza kwambiri sizikhala. Zonse zimatengera momwe mumatha kudya chakudya chamagulu amoto, chifukwa popanga mphamvu mthupi, zimafunikira kuti ubongo, mtima ugwire ntchito, maso kuti aziwoneka. Muyenera kukhala opanga mu chakudya chanu. Mwachitsanzo, mumalakalaka kwambiri kudya china chokoma, chidutswa cha keke, ngakhale yaying'ono. Mumadya ndipo pambuyo pa mphindi 15 keke ya mkate ija imazimiririka, ngati kuti simunadye. Koma ngati sanadye, ndiye kuti palibe zotsatirapo zake, ngati atero, ndiye pang'ono koma adabweretsa zovuta za matenda ashuga. Ndikwabwino kudya chakudya chopatsa thanzi chomwe chimapatsa thanzi koma nthawi yomweyo sichimavulaza. Mutha kuwerenga za zakudya zamtunduwu pa intaneti. Pali chakudya chamagulu omwe ali ndi digestibility yofulumira komanso wodekha. Yesani kutsatira pang'onopang'ono. Mutha kuwerengera izi mwatsatanetsatane muzinthu zabwino zomwe mumazikhulupirira.

Kodi pali bata?

FUNSO: Kodi mudakhalapo ndi nthawi yoipa m'magazi anu ndipo mumachita chiyani?
Yankho: Inde. Aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga amadziwa kuopsa kwa hypoglycemia. Apa ndipamene shuga ya magazi imagwera ndipo zotulukapo zake zimakhala zosasangalatsa, mpaka kukomoka kwa matenda ashuga. Muyenera kudziwa izi ndikunyamula shuga nthawi zonse nanu kuti muime izi. Ndidasinthanso kwambiri pazomwe zikuwonetsa kuti shuga m'magazi ndipo pambuyo pa maola 2 ndi 4 sizinakhale zovomerezeka kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Ngakhale m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu, shuga anali ndi zaka 12. Awa anali zotsatira za kudya kosasamala. Pambuyo pa izi, ndimakhala masiku angapo pachakudya chokhazikika komanso kuyang'anira shuga.

Zomwe zimakhudza shuga?

FUNSO: Kodi mukuganiza kuti chinali chifukwa chiyani izi zidapangitsa?
Yankho: Ndimangoganiza za thanzi langa, moyo wanga, komanso chisamaliro cha shuga. Munthu amene wapezeka ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa kuti akuwathandizanso, matenda a bronchitis, chimfine, matenda osiyanasiyana, ndi zina zotere. Ndinawerengapo zolemba zingapo zasayansi yazachipatala yemwe amadzidwalitsa yekha, kunena kwake, ndikudziyesa, kenako ndidawafotokozera zonse odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Nditatenga zothandiza kwambiri kuchokera m'nkhaniyi. Chifukwa chake adalemba kuti ngati wodwala matenda ashuga amawonera chilichonse kuti chiphuphu chake chili pa mayeso a 6.5-7 pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndiye kuti zinthu zomwe ziwalo zake zikhala zokwanira kwa zaka 25-30 kuyambira pomwe matendawa adayamba. Ndipo ngati muphwanya, ndiye kuti zocheperako zimachepetsedwa. Izi, zachidziwikire, zimatengera mkhalidwe wamkati wamkati panthawi ya matendawa komanso zinthu zina zambiri.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi - inde kapena ziribe kanthu

FUNSO: Kodi mumasewera masewera kapena mumachita masewera olimbitsa thupi?
Yankho: Mwakutero, sindimachita masewera. Koma ndidazindikira kuti kuti muthane ndi shuga wambiri, mumangofunika kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kwenikweni, osati kungokhala ndi manja pang'ono, kumawotcha shuga yamagazi kwambiri motero kumathandiza kwambiri kulipirira matenda a shuga. Mwana wanga wamkazi wandigulira njinga yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndipo tsopano ndikutumiza pang'ono kuti magazi a shuga atatha kudya asakwere kwambiri, ndipo ngati atatero, ndiye kuti atsitseni.

FUNSO: Kodi mumamva bwanji ngati zolimbitsa thupi zikukukhudzani shuga m'magazi anu?
Yankho: Inde masewera olimbitsa thupi amathandiza.

Zokoma sizithandiza, koma zimapweteketsa

FUNSO: Kodi mukuganiza bwanji za zotsekemera?
Yankho: Kutsekemera ndi zinthu zoopsa. Potsimikiza kwanga kwakukulu pakalipano, ndi omwe amapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga. Chifukwa chiyani tsopano? Inde, chifukwa tsopano pafupifupi maswiti onse, kupatula, mwina, owonjezera kalasi, opangidwa pama confectioneries athu, ali ndi shuga m'malo mwa shuga pamapangidwe awo. Ndipo 90% ya anthu samadya maswiti ndi maswiti ena "owonjezera" chifukwa chotsika mtengo. Makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito zotsekemera kumanyozedwa ndi opanga mitundu yonse yamadzi okoma. Ndipo anawo adagula madzi okoma m'chilimwe zochuluka. Chimachitika ndi chiani munthu akamadya zopangira izi? Ubongo umayankha ku kutsekemera mkamwa ndikutumiza lamulo ku kapamba kuti apange gawo la insulini kuti atulutse mwayi wopezeka m'magazi ndikulisiya kuti lipite monga momwe amafunira. Koma palibe shuga. Ndipo zotsekera shuga mthupi sizigwira ntchito ngati shuga. Uku ndikuma, kumangokonda pakamwa panu.

Ngati mumadya maswiti amenewa kamodzi kapena kawiri, ndiye kuti palibe vuto. Ndipo ngati mumawagwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito shuga m'malo mwa ma confectioners, izi zimachitika nthawi zonse, ndiye kuti pali malamulo ambiri abodza omwe angapangidwe ndi insulini, zomwe zingayambitse kuti insulini silingayankhe bwino. Momwe amachitira ndi nkhani ina. Ndipo zonsezi zimayambitsa matenda a shuga. Nditazindikira kuti ndili ndi matenda ashuga, ndidasankha kusintha shuga ndi maswiti ena m'malo mwa shuga. Koma kenako ndidazindikira kuti ndikupanga matenda a shuga kwambiri, ndikuthandizira kufupikitsa moyo wanga.

Upangiri waukulu sikuti kuchita mantha, koma kugwira ntchito

FUNSO: Kodi mungalangize chiyani kwa munthu yemwe wangopezeka ndi matenda a shuga?
Yankho: Chinthu chachikulu sikuti kuchita mantha. Kwa munthu, akadzaphunzira za matenda ake, amakhalanso ndi moyo wina. Ndipo iyenera kuvomerezedwa, kuzolowera ndi kukhala ndi moyo wonse. Palibe vuto musanyalanyaze zomwe dokotala wanena. Kupatula apo, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena amakhala, omwe amafunanso mtundu wina woletsa pazakudya, machitidwe ndikukhala okalamba. Zachidziwikire. Ndipo kulangizidwa m'machitidwe a shuga kumakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wabwino mpaka kukalamba. Monga momwe mungathere muyenera kuphunzira za matendawa, komanso kuchokera kwa anthu odziwa bwino komanso odziwa, madokotala, kenako inunso kuti mudutse zomwe mukudziwa zomwe mukuwerenga pa intaneti kapena wina adauzidwa.
Ndipo ndikulangizani kwathunthu aliyense kuti ayang'ane magazi kuti akhale ndi shuga m'magazi kamodzi pachaka. Kenako ziwonekera kumayambiriro kwa matenda, ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kulimbana nazo ndikukhala ndi moyo ndi matenda ashuga, omwe adachita kale zovuta zambiri mthupi, kukhala ndi moyo kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.

Gawani "Momwe mungakhalire ndi matenda ashuga ndikukhala olimba komanso athanzi (malangizo kuchokera kuzomwe mwakumana nazo)"

Chifukwa chiyani matenda ashuga ndi owopsa?

Matendawa akakhudza thupi, kapamba amavutika koyamba, pomwe amapanga insulin. Ndi ma protein omwe amapatsa glucose muma cell a thupi kuti asunge mphamvu.

Ngati zikondazo zimasokoneza, shuga amatengedwa m'magazi ndipo thupi silipeza zinthu zofunika kuzichita. Amayamba kuchotsa glucose m'mafuta ndi minofu yambiri, ndipo ziwalo zake zimatha pang'ono pang'ono ndikuwonongeka.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa shuga kumadalira kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa thupi. Mwa odwala matenda ashuga, zosokoneza zomwe zimachitika:

chiwindi
mtima
ziwalo zowoneka
dongosolo la endocrine.

Ndi chithandizo chosawerengeka kapena chosaphunzira, matendawa amakhala ndi zotsutsana ndi thupi lonse. Izi zimachepetsa chiyembekezo cha moyo wa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga poyerekeza ndi anthu omwe akudwala matenda.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ngati zofuna zamankhwala sizikusungidwa zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi glycemia pamlingo woyenera, mavuto amakula. Ndiponso, kuyambira zaka 25, njira za ukalamba zimayambitsidwa m'thupi.

Momwe njira zowonongeka zimakhalira ndikusokoneza maselo obwereranso maselo zimachitika, zimatengera momwe thupi la wodwalayo lilili. Koma anthu omwe amakhala ndi matenda ashuga komanso osachiritsidwa amatha kudwala matenda opha ziwalo m'tsogolo, zomwe nthawi zina zimabweretsa imfa. Kafukufuku akuti akapezeka ndi vuto lalikulu la hyperglycemia, nthawi yayitali ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga amachepa.

Mavuto onse okhudzana ndi matenda ashuga amagawika m'magulu atatu:

Pachimake - hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar ndi lacticidal chikomokere.
Pambuyo pake - angiopathy, retinopathy, matenda ashuga, polyneuropathy.
Matenda osokonezeka - zosokoneza pakugwira impso, mitsempha yamagazi ndi dongosolo lamanjenje.

Mavuto amachedwa komanso osachedwa kuopsa. Amafupikitsa moyo wokhala ndi matenda ashuga.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo?

Ndi zaka zingati zomwe ndimakhala ndi matenda ashuga? Choyamba muyenera kumvetsetsa ngati munthu ali pachiwopsezo.Kutheka kwakukulu kwa mawonekedwe a endocrine kumachitika mwa ana ochepera zaka 15.

Nthawi zambiri amapezeka ndi matenda amtundu 1. Mwana ndi wachinyamata amene ali ndi matenda amtunduwu amafunika moyo wa insulin.

Kuvuta kwa maphunziro a hyperglycemia muubwana kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo. Pazaka izi, matendawa samapezeka kawirikawiri ndipo kugonjetsedwa kwa ziwalo zonse zamkati ndi machitidwe zimachitika pang'onopang'ono.

Moyo wokhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo kuubwana umakhala wovuta chifukwa makolo nthawi zonse sangathe kuyang'anira machitidwe a tsiku la mwana wawo. Nthawi zina wophunzira amatha kuyiwala kumwa piritsi kapena kudya zakudya zopanda pake.

Zachidziwikire, mwana samazindikira kuti chiyembekezo chokhala ndi matenda a shuga 1 sichitha kufupikitsidwa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito moperewera zakudya ndi zakumwa. Chips, cola, maswiti osiyanasiyana ndimawakonda omwe ana amawakonda. Pakalipano, zinthu zotere zimawononga thupi, kuchepetsa kuchuluka ndi moyo.

Komabe omwe ali pachiwopsezo ndi anthu achikulire omwe amalephera kusuta ndudu ndikuledzera. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe alibe zizolowezi zoyipa amakhala nthawi yayitali.

Ziwerengero zimawonetsa kuti munthu yemwe ali ndi atherosulinosis ndi matenda a hyperglycemia amatha kufa asanafike paukalamba. Kuphatikizikaku kumayambitsa zovuta zakupha:

sitiroko, nthawi zambiri imapha,
gangore, nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kuduladula miyendo, komwe kumalola munthu kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu atachitidwa opaleshoni.

Kodi anthu odwala matenda ashuga ali ndi zaka zingati?

Monga mukudziwa, matenda a shuga amagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri. Yoyamba ndi mitundu yodalira insulini yomwe imapezeka pamene kapamba yemwe amalakwitsa kutulutsa insulin. Matenda amtunduwu amapezeka kawirikawiri ali aang'ono.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matendawa umawoneka pomwe kapamba satulutsa insulin yokwanira. Chifukwa china chopangitsa kuti matendawa akhazikike mwina ndi kukana kwa maselo a thupi kupita ku insulin.

Ndi anthu angati omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 amakhala? Kutalika kwa moyo wokhala ndi mawonekedwe odalira insulini kumatengera zinthu zambiri: zakudya, zolimbitsa thupi, insulin mankhwala ndi zina zotero.

Ziwerengero zimati mtundu wa ashuga 1 amakhala pafupifupi zaka 30. Munthawi imeneyi, munthu nthawi zambiri amalandira zovuta za impso ndi mtima, zomwe zimamupha.

Koma ndi matenda amtundu woyamba wa shuga, anthu azindikira kuti adziwe asanakwanitse zaka 30. Ngati odwalawa amathandizidwa molimbika komanso molondola, ndiye kuti amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 50-60.

Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha njira zamakono zamankhwala, odwala matenda a shuga amakhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 70. Koma matendawa amakhala abwino pokhapokha ngati munthu akuwonetsetsa kuti ali ndi thanzi labwino, amasunga ziwonetsero za glycemia pamlingo woyenera kwambiri.

Wodwala matenda ashuga amatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji? Chifukwa chake, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mu nthawi ya amayi amachepetsedwa ndi zaka 20, ndipo mwa amuna - azaka 12.

Ngakhale ndizolondola kunena kuti mutha kukhala ndi shuga nthawi yayitali bwanji, simungathe. Zambiri zimatengera mtundu wamatendawa komanso momwe thupi la wodwalayo lilili. Koma onse endocrinologists amakhulupirira kuti nthawi ya moyo wa munthu wodwala glycemia imadzidalira.

Ndi angati omwe amakhala ndi matenda ashuga a 2? Matenda amtunduwu amadziwika maulendo 9 nthawi zambiri kuposa mawonekedwe omwe amadalira insulin. Imapezeka makamaka mwa anthu azaka zopitilira 40.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, impso, mitsempha yamagazi, ndi mtima ndizoyamba kuvutika, ndipo kugonjetsedwa kumayambitsa kufa msanga. Ngakhale amadwala, ndi mtundu wodziyimira pawokha wa matenda omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kuposa odwala osadalira insulin, pafupifupi, moyo wawo umakhala wochepera zaka zisanu, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala olumala.

Mavuto omwe amakhalapo ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amakhalanso chifukwa chakuti kuwonjezera pakudya ndi kumwa mankhwala a glycemic (Galvus), wodwalayo ayenera kuwunika momwe alili. Tsiku lililonse amakakamizidwa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kuyeza kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Payokha, ziyenera kunenedwa za zovuta za endocrine mwa ana. Chiyembekezero chokhala ndi moyo wa odwala mu m'badwo uno chimadalira nthawi yodziwika bwino. Ngati matendawa apezeka kuti ali ndi mwana mpaka chaka chimodzi, ndiye kuti izi zithandiza kupewa zovuta zoopsa zomwe zimayambitsa imfa.

Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira chithandizo china. Ngakhale masiku ano palibe mankhwala omwe amalola ana kuti apitirize kudziwa momwe moyo ulili popanda matenda a shuga, pali mankhwala omwe amatha kukwaniritsa shuga yokhazikika komanso yabwinobwino. Ndi chithandizo chosankhidwa bwino cha insulin, ana amapeza mwayi wosewera kwathunthu, kuphunzira komanso kukulitsa.

Chifukwa chake, mukazindikira matenda a shuga mpaka zaka 8, wodwalayo amatha kukhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka 30.

Ndipo ngati matendawa amakula pambuyo pake, mwachitsanzo, zaka 20, ndiye kuti munthu amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 70.

Kodi odwala matenda ashuga angakulitse bwanji moyo wautali?

Kodi ndingakhale bwanji ndi matenda ashuga? Tsoka ilo, matendawa ndi osachiritsika. Izi, monga chakuti anthu onse amafa, ziyenera kuvomerezedwa.

Ndikofunika kuti tisachite mantha, ndipo zochitika zamphamvu zokhazokha zimangokulitsa matendawa. Ngati ndi kotheka, wodwalayo angafunikire kukaonana ndi katswiri wazamisala ndi psychotherapist.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe amaganiza momwe angakhalire patsogolo ayenera kudziwa kuti matendawa amatha kuthandizidwa mukamatsatira zakudya zoyenera, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso osayiwala zamankhwala.

Zoyenera, ndi matenda amtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri, endocrinologist, pamodzi ndi wathanzi, ayenera kupanga zakudya zapadera za wodwalayo. Odwala ambiri amalangizidwa kuti azikhala ndi buku lazopatsa thanzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kukonza zakudya ndi kutsatira kalori komanso zakudya zovulaza. Kukhala ndi odwala matenda ashuga sichinthu chovuta, komanso osati kwa odwala okha, komanso kwa abale awo, ndikofunikira kuti muphunzire zakudya zomwe zingakhale zaphwanya kagayidwe kazakudya.

Kuyambira nthawi yomwe matendawa adapezeka, odwala akulangizidwa kuti adye:

masamba
chipatso
zopangidwa mkaka,
nyama ndi nsomba
nyemba, ufa wonse wa tirigu, mitundu ya pasitala yolimba.

Kodi mchere ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa odwala matenda ashuga? Amaloledwa kudya, koma mpaka magalamu 5 patsiku. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwawo ufa woyera, mafuta, maswiti, ndi mowa komanso fodya ayenera kusiyiratu.

Kodi mungakhale bwanji ndi matenda ashuga kwa iwo onenepa kwambiri? Ndi kunenepa kwambiri komanso matenda ashuga, kuphatikiza pa chakudya, kuphunzitsidwa mwadongosolo kumafunika.

Kukula, kuchuluka kwa nthawi komanso kutalika kwa katunduyo kuyenera kusankhidwa ndi dokotala. Koma, kwenikweni, odwala amapatsidwa makalasi a tsiku ndi tsiku, omwe amakhala mpaka mphindi 30.

Omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri ayenera kumwa mankhwalawa popewa kukula kwa vuto la hyperglycemia. Njira zitha kukhala m'magulu osiyanasiyana:

khwawa
zochokera sulfonylurea,
alpha glucosidase zoletsa,
kachikachikat
ma insretins
dipeptidyl peptidiasis zoletsa 4.

Chithandizo chimayamba ndi amodzi mwa magulu awa a mankhwalawa. Kupitilira apo, kusintha kwa kuphatikiza chithandizo ndikotheka, pamene awiri, atatu ochepetsa shuga amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha zovuta, kusintha magazi m'thupi ndikuchepetsa kufunika kwa insulin.

Odwala omwe akhala ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga kwa nthawi yayitali mtsogolo sangafunikire chithandizo cha insulin, koma pokhapokha ngati malangizo onse omwe ali pamwambawa awonedwa. Ngati pali matenda amtundu 1, muyenera kukhala nawo bwanji, chifukwa wodwalayo amayenera kubayitsa mahomoni tsiku ndi tsiku?

Pambuyo pozindikira matendawa, mankhwala a insulin ndi omwe amapatsidwa. Izi ndizofunikira, ndipo pakapanda kuthandizidwa, munthu akhoza kugwa ndi kufa.

Kumayambiriro kwa zamankhwala, kuyambitsidwa kwa Mlingo wochepa wa mankhwala kungakhale kofunikira. Ndikofunikira kuti vutoli likwaniritsidwe, apo ayi mtsogolo wodwalayo adzafunika insulin yambiri.

Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga ndikatha kudya kumafika mpaka 5.5 mmol / L. Izi zitha kuchitika ngati mutsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa ndikupanga jakisoni wa insulin kuchokera ku 1 mpaka 3 mayunitsi patsiku.

Kutengera kutalika kwa vuto, mitundu inayi ya insulin imasiyanitsidwa:

Malangizo a insulin ndi chidziwitso cha mitundu yanji ya mankhwalawa omwe amayenera kubayidwa, ndi pafupipafupi, Mlingo komanso nthawi yanji ya tsiku. Chithandizo cha insulin chimayikidwa payekha, malinga ndi zomwe zidalembedwa muzolemba pawokha.

Kuti muyankhe funso, odwala matenda ashuga angati omwe mumakhala nawo, muyenera kuganizira zambiri. Osakhala ndi nkhawa, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kudya nthawi yomweyo, kukhala ndi moyo ngakhale wodwalayo atha kudutsa zaka 10 kapena 20.

Zambiri zokhudzana ndi moyo wa odwala matenda ashuga zimaperekedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.

Kagayidwe kachakudya matenda

Matenda a shuga amakhalanso amodzi mwa matenda oopsa kwambiri.

Ku Russia, anthu pafupifupi 3.5 miliyoni amadwala matendawa. Ndipo awa amangopezeka kuti ali ndi vuto. Chiwerengero chenicheni cha odwala chimatha kufikira anthu 9 miliyoni: matenda a shuga ndi matenda obisika ndipo amatha kukhala asymptomatic koyambirira.

Akatswiri adalankhula za njira zamakono zochizira matenda ashuga, za zomwe zingathandize munthu kukhala ndi moyo wokwanira kuti adziwe matenda amtunduwu, zokhudzana ndimavuto amisala omwe odwala amakumana nawo komanso abale awo pamsonkhano wa "Matenda A shuga: matenda a munthu m'modzi kapena banja lonse?" Wopangidwa ndi kampaniyo Lilly.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika. Tsoka ilo, pakadali pano palibe njira zochotseretsa matendawo. Koma, mwamwayi, matenda ashuga amatha kuthandizidwa bwinobwino. Ndipo chinsinsi chachikulu chakupambana ndiko kuzindikira kwakanthawi, kupereka chithandizo chokwanira ndikutsatira malangizo a dokotala.

Nthawi zambiri kuzindikiridwa kwa matenda a shuga ndi vuto lalikulu kwa munthu. Koma, malinga ndi endocrinologists, munjira zambiri izi zimachitika chifukwa cha umbuli komanso kufalikira kwa zikhulupiriro zambiri zabodza zokhudza matendawa.

Kodi matenda ashuga ndi chiani?

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda a endocrine dongosolo lomwe masokonezo a metabolic amachitika chifukwa cha kusapezeka kwa chinsinsi cha insulin ya mahomoni (mtundu 1 matenda a shuga) kapena kuchepa kwa chidwi cha maselo kupita ku insulin komanso kuchepa kwa kapangidwe kake (mtundu 2 shuga mellitus). The ambiri matenda a kapangidwe ka matenda onse endocrine ndi mtundu 2 matenda a shuga. Amakhala pafupifupi 90% ya matenda onse a shuga. Zowopsa zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga amitundu iwiri zimaphatikizapo, choyambirira, kunenepa kwambiri komanso chilichonse chomwe chimathandizira kukula kwake, mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri, kumangokhala.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda opatsirana chifukwa cha asymptomatic maphunziro osiyanasiyana pamatenda. Yosimbidwa ndi Ph.D., a endocrinologist ku PSMU dzina lake I.M. Sechenova Olesya Gurova, koyambirira kwa matendawa, pafupifupi 90% ya odwala sakudziwa kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga, chifukwa samangomva. Amatha kukhala kwakanthawi ndimagazi a glucose ochulukirapo, koma popeza matendawa amakula pang'onopang'ono, thupi limazolowera kuchuluka kwa shuga ndipo sizimawonekera.

Komabe, ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi sikungokhala kwakanthawi kwakanthawi, pamakhala chiwopsezo cha zovuta zazikulu, monga kugunda kwamtima, stroko, neuropathy, retinopathy, komanso nephropathy. Malinga ndi Olesya Gurova, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga samwalira chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, koma chifukwa cha zovuta za shuga m'magazi, i.e., zomwe tafotokozazi tafotokozazi.

Momwe mungakhalire moyo wathunthu ndi matenda ashuga

Koma ngati mankhwalawo amachitika molondola, wodwalayo amakwaniritsa zonse zomwe dokotala amalola kuti zilipiridwe, ndiye kuti munthu atha kukhala ndi chizolowezi, kulumikizana ndi abwenzi, kugwira ntchito komanso kuyenda.

Zochizira matenda amishuga amuyeso koyambirira, kutsika kwa shuga ndi mapiritsi kumachitika potsatira lamulo loti anthu azidwala matenda ashuga komanso kusiya kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi.

Komabe, monga Olesya Gurova adanenera, munthu aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga a mtundu wa 2 posachedwa amafunikira chithandizo cha insulin, ndipo izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha matendawa. "Cholinga chathu chachikulu pamenepa ndikuthandiza wodwalayo kuti asachotsere matenda a insulin, pofotokoza nthano zomwe ziripo kale. Mpaka pano, insulini ndiye hypoglycemic yothandiza kwambiri. Koma pokhapokha ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito molondola (kutsatira njira yomwe dokotala wakhazikitsa, njira zamavuto a jekeseni, kutsatira malangizo a kadyedwe), imakupatsani mwayi wambiri shuga, "akutero endocrinologist.

Zikhulupiriro zabodza zokhudza matendawa zimasokoneza chithandizo

Nthawi zambiri poika mankhwala a insulin amakumana ndi kukaniza odwala. Zachidziwikire, madokotala akuti, chithandizo cha matenda osokoneza bongo sichovuta, koma mavuto omwe odwala amadandaula, makamaka, amabwera pakufalitsa zabodza zokhudzana ndi insulin, kuwopa insulin, kusadziwa za njira iyi yothandizira komanso kusafuna kusintha moyo wawo, womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala umodzi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga.

Monga momwe madokotala amafotokozera, kupambana kwa chithandizo kumatengera zigawo zingapo. Kwa odwala onse, komanso kwa iwo omwe amamwa mapiritsi, komanso kwa iwo omwe ali ndi mankhwala a insulin, kupezeka bwino ndikofunikira. Komanso, palibe malamulo okhwima - ndikokwanira kupatula zakudya zamafuta ndi zotsekemera kuchokera kuzakudya. Kenako ndikofunikira kuwonjezera zolimbitsa thupi ndikuwongolera kunenepa kwambiri. Pomaliza, ndikofunikira kuyeza shuga lanu lamagazi.

“Ngati wodwala amwa mapiritsi, ndiye kuti amadziyang'anira yekha kamodzi pa sabata kapena pamwezi. Ndikofunikira kuyeza shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso maola awiri mutatha kudya, "akufotokoza Olesya Gurova.

Ngati munthu ali pa mankhwala a insulin, ndiye kuti chiwembucho chimasintha.

“Choyamba, awa ndi jakisoni wokhazikika wa insulin. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe muyenera kupereka, momwe mungapangire jakisoni moyenera. Zonsezi zimayikidwa ndi adokotala. Koma mtsogolomo, kuchuluka kwa insulin yoyambitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa chakudya kuyenera kuwerengedwa ndi odwala pawokha malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa magawo a mkate, omwe amawonetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya cholandiridwa ndi chakudya. Kuziyang'anira pawokha kumakulanso - pafupifupi kanayi pa tsiku ndikofunikira kuyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, "akutero Olesya Gurova.

Shuga kapena thumba lamadzi ngati ambulansi

Ponena za zakudya za odwala omwe ali ndi mankhwala a insulin, apa nkhaniyo imathetsedwa payokha, mwachitsanzo, pafupipafupi, zakudya zosavomerezeka sizikulimbikitsidwa kwa aliyense.

"Ndikofunika kuti munthu amene amamwa mankhwala a insulini azikhala ndi zakudya zomwe zimatengedwa msanga - ndiye shuga kapena thumba la timadzi," akutero Olesya Gurova. "Apa ndiye kuti shuga angagwe msanga." Popeza kukhala pa mankhwala a insulin, nthawi zonse pamakhala vuto la zomwe mumadya. Izi zimachitika pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, zidutswa 4 za shuga pamenepa ndi ambulansi.

Malinga ndi akatswiri a endocrinologists, odwala ambiri omwe amapatsidwa mankhwala a insulin amakhalanso ndi vuto lakumisala, chifukwa nthawi zambiri pamakhala malingaliro ena: "Ndikamamwa mapiritsi, ndili bwino, ndipo ndikapaka jakisoni, ndili bwino."

“M'malo mwake, sizili choncho. Kwa odwala ambiri, zikuwoneka kuti jakisoni sagwirizana ndi moyo wawo wabwinobwino. Koma izi ndi zabodza zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi zenizeni. Padziko lonse lapansi, anthu omwe amalandila mankhwala a insulini pazaka zilizonse amakhala ndi moyo wakhama: amagwira ntchito, amayenda, amayendetsa magalimoto, amasewera masewera omwe amawakonda ndikukwaniritsa zolinga zawo.Ndikofunika kudziwa momwe mungapangire zonse molondola. Kudziwa ndi kofunikira, kenako sungasinthe momwe moyo umakhalira. Utha kukwera, ”akutero Olesya Gurova.

Kudziwa za matenda a shuga, momwe mungakhalire nayo, momwe mungathetsere, ndikosafunikira kwa wodwala kuposa chithandizo chamankhwala. Ndi njira zamakono zamaphunziro, kulimbikitsidwa kosalekeza kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe amalola odwala kupewa kukulitsa zovuta komanso kukhala moyo wonse.

Odwala atha kuphunzira malamulo oyambira amoyo ndi matenda ashuga popita ku makalasi apadera m'masukulu a matenda ashuga, komanso ku Regional Educational Center (RTCs) yopangidwa ndi Lilly. Masiku ano, pali malo ngati amenewa m'mizinda 46 ya Russia. Maphunziro a odwala amapitilira pano pogwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano komanso njira zopangidwa ndi Federal State Budgetary Institution "Endocrinological Science Science Center" ya Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Kuphatikiza pa maphunziro, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) imayezedwa m'malo ophunzitsira odwala asanaphunzire komanso ataphunzitsidwa.

Kuthandizira okondedwa ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yothandizira bwino

Malinga ndi madotolo, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuthana ndi malingaliro olakwika a insulin mankhwala ndikuchotsa zikhulupiriro zomwe zilipo, ndikofunikira kumuthandiza munthuyo panthawi yomwe akupezeka ndi mankhwalawa komanso panthawi ya chithandizo.

Monga lamulo, ndizovuta kwambiri kuti wodwala athe kuthana ndi mavuto ngati awa - thandizo la achibale komanso anthu apamtima likufunika, makamaka popeza munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, amakhala pabanja, amadya chakudya ndi onse m'banjamo, amapuma, amagwira ntchito kunyumba. Ndipo aliyense m'banjamo safunika kuti azimvera chisoni komanso kumumvera chisoni, koma kuwathandiza. M'malo mokonzekera "zapadera", ndibwino kuyamba kudya mosiyana ndi banja lonse. Zakudya za wodwala wodwala matenda ashuga zimakhazikitsidwa, choyambirira, pa chakudya chopatsa thanzi, chomwe chingathandizenso anthu am'banja lake kukhala ndi thanzi labwino. M'malo mokhala pamaso pa TV, itanani anthu am'banja lanu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kuti ayende limodzi madzulo ndipo nthawi yomweyo achite masewera olimbitsa thupi.

“Chochititsa mantha choyamba ndi matenda. Vuto lalikulu ndikuti munthu amawopa kusintha komwe kumayenera kuchitika m'moyo wake. Koma, kuzindikira kotereku kukapangidwa, ndikofunikira kuyesa mozama kukula kwa vutoli. Monga kusukulu mumaphunziro a geometry: kuti mumvetsetse zomwe zimapatsidwa kwa ife komanso zomwe zikufunika kulandira. Kuthekera kwaumunthu ndikokulira - kukhazikitsidwa kwa zinthu, kuphatikizapo zamaganizidwe, kumatha kubweretsa zotsatira zabwino, "atero Ph.D., pulofesa wothandizira, wogwira ntchito ku Institute of Psychology ya Russian Academy of Sayansi ya Russia Larisa Rudina.

Chifukwa chiyani zimakhala zovuta kutsatira malingaliro a adotolo

Kuthandizidwanso ndi achibale ndikofunikanso ngati chithandizo chalamulidwa, makamaka, malinga ndi madokotala, pamene wodwalayo asinthira insulin. Popeza, pankhaniyi, kupambana kwamankhwala kumadalira kuchuluka kwa momwe wodwala amakwaniritsira malangizo onse a dokotala.

"Vuto lalikulu lomwe endocrinologist amakumana nalo ndikulipirira anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Kunena zowona, timakumana ndi mfundo yoti nthawi zambiri odwala samalipidwa monga momwe dokotala amafunira. M'dziko lathu, pafupifupi theka la odwala, kuphatikiza odwala omwe ali ndi mankhwala a insulin, amakhalabe osalipidwa. Chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika? Pali zifukwa zambiri. Komabe, mukafunsa dokotala chifukwa chake wodwala sanakulipiridwe, ngakhale kuti adalandira chithandizo chabwino, adzayankha: "Satsatira malingaliro anga." Ndikosavuta kutsatira malangizowo?! Ayi, sizophweka, "atero a Svetlana Elizarova, Mlangizi wa Zachipatala wa Lilly wa Endocrinology.

Kuyandikira kuyenera kukhala pafupi

Ndipo apa thandizo la okondedwa ndilofunika kwambiri. Malinga ndi kafukufuku yemwe Lilly adachita, wokhudza anthu pafupifupi 800, odwala matenda ashuga, abale awo, komanso madokotala onse amadziwa kufunika kothandizidwa. Malinga ndi Svetlana Elizarova, endocrinologists amawona thandizo kuchokera kwa achibale ngati njira yowongolera kutsatira kwa odwala, ndiko kuti, akumuyembekezera.

Tsoka ilo, 3/4 okha mwa achibale a odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wa 2 wodwala matenda a shuga amawafunsa zotsatira zakuchezera kwa dokotala. Apa ndipomwe kutenga nawo gawo pamavuto ndikuthandizira kumatha. 45% ya omwe akufunsidwa amamvetsa kuti ndikofunikira kusintha zakudya za odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Nthawi yomweyo, pafupifupi onse akuti kupatuka panjira yachakudya sikulakwa.

Koma, kodi achibale ayenera kuchita chiyani kuti athandize wodwalayo kupeza chindapusa cha matenda ashuga ndikuletsa mavuto ake kuti asayambike? Ndikofunikira kufunsa dokotala ndi wodwala. Malinga ndi kafukufukuyu, ndi 1/5 okha mwa odwala omwe amabwera kudzakumana ndi dokotala pamodzi ndi abale. Zingakhalenso bwinonso kuphunzira kusukulu ya matenda ashuga. Izi ndizofunikira, chifukwa mkalasi dokotala adzakuuzani momwe mungachitire. Kutengapo mbali ndi thandizo la abale ndikofunikira pakuwunikira pafupipafupi shuga, ndipo odwala ena amafunikira thandizo pochita jakisoni wa insulin. Tsoka ilo, 37% ndi 43% yokha ya abale, motere, omwe amachita nawo njirazi. Izi sizitanthauza kuti nthawi zonse achibale amafunika kukhala pafupi ndi wodwalayo kuti alowetse chala chawo, kutenga magazi kapena kubaya. Odwala ambiri amatha kuthana ndi izi pawokha. Koma zimachitikanso kuti wodwala samakhutira nthawi zonse ndi mayeso, pofuna kupulumutsa ndalama kapena pazifukwa zina, samayendetsa shuga wamagazi pafupipafupi monga momwe angafunikire ndipo adotolo, motero, sadzalandira chidziwitso chonse chokhudza matendawa zenizeni. sadzatha kusintha mankhwalawa kukhala othandiza kwambiri munthawi yake. Ngati okondedwa amathandizira kugula magawo oyesa magazi, amafunsa wodwalayo kangati, awone kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi omwe amasiyana ndi omwe adauzidwa ndi adotolo, ndipo, ngati kuli koyenera, pitani kwa dokotala limodzi - izi ndizofunika kwambiri ndipo wodwala, ndi dokotala panjira yopita kuchipatala cha matenda ashuga.

Kodi achibale a banja ayenera kuchita chiyani ngati dokotala wamuuza kuti apange insulini pochiza matenda ashuga? Choyamba, muyenera kuteteza pafupi ndi zabodza komanso chidziwitso chabodza chokhudza insulin. Ndikofunikira kukwaniritsa zonse zomwe dokotala anena, kukwaniritsa nthawi yake yoikika komanso kusakhazikitsanso kuyamba kwa mankhwala a insulin kwa miyezi yambiri. Dokotala yekha ndi katswiri pochiza matenda ashuga!

"Ndikofunika kwambiri kuthandiza wokondedwa kutsatira zomwe dokotalayo walimbikitsa, osati kungokhala ndi chidwi chathanzi, koma kumvetsetsa tanthauzo la chithandizo, kuyesa kuyendetsa machitidwe onse, kuthandizira wodwalayo m'maganizo ndi machitidwe enieni," akutero Larisa Rudina.

Malinga ndi madotolo, munthu wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kumvetsetsa zomwe amupatsa, pokhapokha atha kukhala mnzake pazokambirana ndi dokotala, angamukhulupirire.

Wodwala akakhala ndi chidziwitso chonse cha matendawa komanso njira zamankhwala, akadziwa zaubwino wa mankhwala a insulin - izi zimamulimbitsa chidaliro chake komanso kupambana kwa chithandizo. Ndipo apa, olimbana nawo akuyenera kukhala madotolo, ndi odwala omwe, ndi abale awo.

Momwe shuga imasinthira moyo

Chofunikira cha matendawa ndikuti chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin, pali kuphwanya pafupifupi njira zonse za metabolic mthupi, makamaka chakudya. Kuzindikira koteroko kumalosera mavuto akulu azaumoyo. Chizindikiro chodziwikiratu kuti muyenera kuthana ndi matenda ashuga ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga. Zotsatira za izi ndi kukodza zochulukirapo ndi ludzu losatha.

Mukukonzekera matendawa (nthawi yoyamba), mabala a pustular nthawi zambiri amawoneka, machiritso omwe amayamba pang'onopang'ono ndipo kuyambitsa khungu kumachitika. Ngati mankhwalawo akanakhala kuti sanapangidwe molondola, wodwalayo mwina adayamba kuwonongeka, atayamba kufooka ndi matenda a impso. Ndizothekanso kupezeka kwa zowawa m'miyendo. Ngati matenda a shuga ali mumkhalidwe wosasamalidwa, ndiye kuti pali chiopsezo chenicheni cha chiphe chakupha cha thupi ndi matupi a ketone. Popeza kuti anthu opitilira 100 miliyoni akudwala insulin, funso "Kodi amakhala ndi matenda ashuga mpaka liti?" Ndilothandiza kwa anthu ambiri.

Kufunika kwa moyo wabwino

Kuti mupitilize kulumikizana mwachangu ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa monga matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kumanga moyo wanu molondola. Madokotala akhazikitsa malamulo achindunji, pogwiritsa ntchito omwe mungachepetse chiopsezo chotenga matendawa ndipo, chifukwa chake, muchepetsani vuto. Chimodzi mwazofunikira ndikudya kwambiri (simungathe kudya kwambiri), zomwe zimayenera kuphatikizidwa molondola ndi zolimbitsa thupi.

M'malo mwake, kuyesa kuyankha mafunso akuti bwanji matenda ashuga ndi oopsa, anthu amakhala nawo nthawi yayitali bwanji komanso momwe angathandizire matendawa, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti moyo wautali komanso momwe thunthu lodziwitsira matendawa limadalira kwambiri moyo wokhalabe wathanzi.

Kuchuluka kwa omwe amadwala odwala matenda ashuga 1 amayembekezera

Mwambiri, kuchuluka kwa zaka zomwe anthu angadalire kuti amve kupezeka kosasangalatsa komanso koopsa ngati kusowa kwa insulin m'magazi kwakula kwambiri. Chomwe chinasinthira izi chinali mankhwala atsopano. Pafupifupi, chiyembekezo cha moyo wa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga 1 ndi zaka 40 pambuyo poti matendawa atayamba.

Ponena za ana, nthawi yowopsa kwambiri kwa iwo ndi nthawi kuyambira zaka 0 mpaka 4. Ndi munthawi imeneyi kuti kufa siachilendo. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi kupezeka kwa ketoacidotic chikomaso kumayambiriro kwa matendawo. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala matenda ashuga akamwalira mu unyamata. Pankhaniyi, chifukwa chodziwika bwino chotsatira chodabwitsachi ndichosasamala chamankhwala, hypoglycemia ndi ketoacidosis.

Zakuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amakhala achikulire zimakhudzidwa makamaka ndi kupezeka kwa zovuta zazing'ono zam'mimba komanso kumwa mowa. Pali nthawi zina pamene anthu omwe ali ndi moyo wathanzi omwe amapezeka ndi matenda ashuga akadapulumuka zaka 90. Ndipo zonsezi ndikuthokoza chifukwa chowunikira nthawi zonse zakudya komanso moyo wathanzi.

Zakhala zikutsimikiziridwa kale kuti ngati kupezeka kwa shuga wamagazi kulamulidwa mwamphamvu, yankho ku funso loti anthu amakhala ndi matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba limakhala labwino kwambiri, chifukwa zimatha kupewa ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa matendawa. Mavuto omwe alipo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin amathanso kuchepa.

Zomwe mungadye ndi shuga 1 mtundu

Popeza chakudya chimakhudza kwambiri anthu omwe apezeka ndi matenda ashuga, chisamaliro cha chakudya chidzayenera kuperekedwa. Ndi chinthu chotere monga zakudya zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azaka zambiri azikhala ndi matenda ashuga.

Kukhudza mutu wa chakudyacho mwatsatanetsatane, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti zinthu zonse zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chambiri komanso chopenda pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Gulu loyamba (mwachangu) limaphatikizapo chilichonse chomwe chimakhala ndi shuga woyengedwa. Itha kukhala mkaka, kupanikizana, zipatso, zipatso, maswiti osiyanasiyana, maswiti ndi maswiti.

Zakudya zomanga thupi zopezeka muzakudya zotere zimapangitsa kuti shuga azingowonjezereka, chifukwa amatenga msanga. Kuti mudziteteze ku ngozi yoopsa, muyenera kuwonjezera zamasamba ndi chimanga (mpunga, mbatata, ndi zina) pamenyu. Chakudya choterocho chimanyamula chakudya chopatsa thanzi komanso chothandiza kwambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Koma chakudya chokhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimamwidwa mwachangu, ndizomveka kutenga pamene shuga m'magazi akuchepa kwambiri. Kumvetsetsa kuchuluka komwe amakhala ndi matenda a shuga pa insulin, kuyambira zaka 4, kuphatikiza, nkhani ya zakudya ndizofunikira kuyiganizira.

Malamulo apakudya pano

Pakadali pano, madotolo akudziwa zambiri zokhudzana ndi matenda monga matenda a shuga. Izi zidatilola ife kukhazikitsa mfundo zomwe zingatsimikizire kukhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wautali:

chakudya chomwe mumayenera kudya nthawi osachepera 4-6 patsiku ndikukonza magawo ochepa (kudya kwambiri kumabweretsa vuto la wodwalayo),
tsiku lililonse muzilemeretsa zakudya zanu ndi masamba,
tsatirani zakudya zokhazikitsidwa ndipo musadumphe chakudya,
muyenera kusiya mowa, shuga ndi mafuta,
kusankha mkate ndi chinangwa kapena chimzimu.

Ngati mukuyandikira kugwiritsa ntchito malamulowa mozama, ndiye kuti mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wopanda zoletsa zofunika kwambiri. M'malo mwake, ndi langizo pakuwona mfundo zomwe madokotala adakhazikitsa zomwe zingakhale njira yokhazikika kwa moyo wabwino, womwe umatha kuwonekera mosavuta ngati mupenda ndemanga za omwe ayenera kupirira matenda ashuga.

Kuwonetsedwa kwa insulin

Kwa iwo omwe mafunso ndiofunikira: matenda ashuga, angati akukhala nawo ndikuthana ndi vutoli, ndikofunikira kudziwa mfundo yotsatirayi. Chimodzi mwamagawo ofunikira pakuwonekera kwa mtundu wa 1 wa matendawa ndimasewera a insulin. Cholinga chachikulu cha mankhwalawa ndikuthandiza maselo amthupi kupeza shuga wokwanira kuchokera m'magazi, chifukwa kapamba sangathe kuchita izi ndi matenda amtunduwu.

Koma pali njira imodzi yobweretsera njirayi. Zomwe zimapangidwira mpaka zimapangitsa kuti mlingo wa insulin, womwe umayendetsedwa popanda mankhwala, sikuti umangoyambika molingana ndi shuga womwe umapezeka m'magazi (monga zimachitika panthawi yantchito yapakhungu) Chifukwa chake, powerengera kuchuluka kwa jakisoni, wodwalayo angakumane ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa. Chifukwa chake, kuti mupeze insulin yothandiza monga momwe mungathere, muyenera kuphunzira momwe mungadziwire kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa omwe mankhwalawo amathandizira. Ndipo pa izi, nthawi zonse muyenera kuyeza shuga mumagazi ndi glucometer.

Iwo omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi funso loti akhala ndi insulin yochuluka motani kuyambira zaka 4, ayenera kuyang'ananso lingaliro lakuti yankho mwachindunji limadalira moyo wa wodwalayo wonse. Ngati mumatsatira mfundo zonse zokhazokha kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti simudzada nkhawa mukamwalira.

Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti pali mitundu ingapo ya insulin. Chifukwa chake, kufunsira kwa dokotala yemwe amafunikira ndikofunikira, yemwe anganene kuti ndi mtundu uti wa mankhwalawa omwe ayenera kumwa. Ponena za kuchuluka kwa jakisoni masana, muyenera kupeza malingaliro a katswiri. Kuti mumvetsetse momwe amakhalira ndi shuga ku insulin, muyenera kuganizira zonse zomwe zanenedwa pamwambapa. Ngati mulingo wa mankhwalawa umasankhidwa molondola komanso ngati mukukhalanso wathanzi, ndiye kuti pali mwayi uliwonse wosangalala kwazaka zambiri.

Kufunika kochita masewera olimbitsa thupi

Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa matenda monga matenda a shuga. Ndizovuta kunena kuti amakhala ndi iye nthawi yayitali bwanji, popeza milandu iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe ake. Koma omwe akufuna kuwonjezera zaka zawo ndi vuto la insulin mthupi amayenera kuyang'anira kwambiri zochitika zolimbitsa thupi. Limodzi mwa zovuta zazikulu za matenda ashuga ndi magazi akhungu kwambiri, omwe samatha kuyenda mozungulira mumitsempha ndi m'magazi. Katundu zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha masewera olimbitsa thupi zimathandizira kukonza izi.

Ngati mutakonza thupi mwadongosolo (popanda kutentheka), ndiye kuti tiziwononga tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatulutsa insulin tidzasintha kwambiri, chifukwa chomwe msinkhu wamagazi nawonso utachepa. Chifukwa chake, ndimatenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin (mtundu I), moyo wokangalika ndi wofunikira chabe.Kuti mudzitengere nokha pamalo oyenera, kuthamanga mwakachetechete, kuyenda m'malo opaka (mpweya wabwino umayenda bwino m'magazi) komanso kuyeretsa, chinthu chachikulu ndikuyenda, ndikoyenera. Nthawi yomweyo, masewera olimbitsa thupi sayenera kukhala opanikizika komanso olemetsa, izi zingayambitse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ndikofunikira kuti muchite zochitika moyenera komanso mosalekeza.

Ngati pazifukwa zina ndimayenera kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu, ndiye kuti matendawa azikhala ochepa m'magazi, ndikofunikira kudya osachepera 10 magalamu a chakudya m'maminitsi 30-45 (pomwe ntchito ikupitirirabe).

Zolemba za matenda a shuga II

Choyamba, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mtundu uwu wa shuga umapezeka mu 90% ya onse omwe akumana ndi vuto la kupanga bwino kwa insulin mthupi. Ndikofunikanso kumvetsetsa kuti ndi matenda oterewa pali zifukwa zambiri zowerengera zaka zambiri zogwira ntchito mwachangu.

Zachidziwikire, ngati tikulankhula za odwala angati omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amakhala ndi chithandizo chamankhwala osakhala ndi chithandizo chamankhwala omwe amanyalanyaza mfundo zoyambirira za moyo wathanzi (kuchita kusuta, kumwa mowa, kudya mopatsa chidwi), ndizomveka kunena za zaka 7 mpaka 12 matenda atayamba. Chiwerengero cha zaka zomwe adakhala popanda kunyoza kwathunthu njira zama Wellness zitha kukhala zazitali, koma mulimonse momwe zingakhalire ndi njira yowopsa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, odwala omwe akufuna kuwona kulowa kwa dzuwa la masiku awo mochedwa kwambiri ayenera kufunsa dokotala.

Koma ngati mungayang'ane kuchuluka komwe mumakhala ndi matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 omwe ali ndi luso la momwe matendawo angathere, mupeza kuti nthawi zambiri anthu omwe akumana ndi vutoli samakhala ndi mavuto okalamba. Komanso, zotsatira zofananazi ndizotheka kokha ndikuchita zolimbitsa thupi komanso kudya mokwanira.

Kutalika kwa matenda a shuga a 2 kumakhudzidwanso ndi kupezeka kwa zovuta, komanso zaka zomwe matendawa adawonekera komanso jenda la wodwalayo.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga

Ndi matendawa, kudya zakudya zoyenera ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuthandizira. Ngati mutayang'ana kuti ndi anthu angati omwe amakhala ndi matenda ashuga, osatsatira zakudya, titha kuzindikira kuti muyenera kuphunzira kudya moyenera. Kupanda kutero, wodwalayo amakakamizidwa kukumana ndi mavuto ochitika m'magazi oyenda ndipo, chifukwa chake, kugwira bwino ntchito kwa ziwalo zina. M'malo mwake, aliyense amene wamva matenda owopsa ngati matenda ashuga, ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, akukana kuwongolera chakudya ndikulola kuti izi zichitike zokha. Mwachitsanzo, phazi la matenda ashuga limatha kutuluka kwamitsempha yamagazi (limawonekera patatha zaka 15-20 kukhala ndi matendawa). Zotsatira zakuzindikiritsa izi ndi matenda am'mimba, omwe amakhala mu 2/3 mwaimfa ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Chifukwa chake, zakudya ziyenera kumwedwa mozama momwe zingathere.

Mwambiri, zomwe zimapangidwa muzakudya zoyenera ziyenera kuwoneka ngati izi: chakudya kuchokera ku 50 mpaka 60%, 15-20% ya mapuloteni ndi 20-25% yamafuta. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuti chakudyacho chili ndi zopatsa mphamvu zam'mimba (zowonda) ndi CHIKWANGWANI, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti glycemia itheke kwambiri.

Kuzindikira kuti shuga ndi yotani, momwe amakhala ndi momwe angadyere ndi matenda otere, ndikofunikira kulabadira mutu wotere monga zakudya zamapuloteni muzakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku - ziyenera kukhala mwa kuchuluka kwa 1.5 g pa 1 makilogalamu. Ngati matenda ashuga amatengedwa ndi chakudya chokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, ndiye kuti mutha kukumana ndi vuto lalikulu monga kuwonongeka kwa impso.

Ponena za mafuta, ayenera kukhala ochokera ku mbewu. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kuti usaiwale za kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi kuti isapitirire chizindikiro chotsutsa. Ichi, mwachidziwikire, ndi chimodzi mwazolinga zazikulu zakudya.

Mokwanira matenda

Zoti ana, achikulire ndi okalamba amakhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi njira yolandirira chithandizo ndi moyo wonse.

M'malo mwake, odwala matenda ashuga alibe zovuta zilizonse zokhudzana ndi zakudya, chinthu chachikulu ndikukumbukira zomwe muyenera kudya komanso momwe mungadye, komanso kuyeza shuga m'magazi musanawerengere kuchuluka kwa insulin. Ndi njira iyi, mwana yemwe wakumana ndi matenda osasangalatsa ngati a shuga amatha kukhala ndi moyo wabwino komanso wosangalala.

Njira yophatikizidwa yolimbana ndi matenda ashuga imaphatikizanso mgwirizano wopitilira ndi madokotala (akatswiri a zakudya). Ndikofunikira kuti muzolowere kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikuwalipira shuga tsiku lililonse. Izi ndi gawo limodzi la moyo wa omwe ayenera kulimbana ndi matenda ashuga.

Ndikofunikanso kuti mudziteteze nthawi zonse kupsinjika, komwe kumabweretsa kutulutsidwa kwa mahomoni ndipo, chifukwa chake, kusungidwa kwa shuga m'magazi. Zachidziwikire, ndizofunikira nthawi zina kuyesa mayeso omwe amadziwa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi (sayenera kupitirira 200), kuwunika kuthamanga kwa magazi ndikukumana ndi mayeso a HbA1c kotala.

Chifukwa chake, mwachidule, titha kunena motsimikiza: pakadali pano zamankhwala palibe chifukwa chokwanira chodandaulira ndikaganiza kuchuluka kwa omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Ndemanga za anthu ambiri omwe atenga nawo mbali pakuthana ndi matendawa zikuwonetsa kuti moyo wawutali ndi watali.