Kukana kwa insulin - Zizindikiro, mankhwala, zakudya

Kukana kwa insulini kumachepetsa chidwi cha minyewa pakuchitanso insulin, yomwe imatha kuchitika popanda matenda akuluakulu. M'magawo oyamba, kukana insulini kulibe vuto lililonse, ndipo kupatuka kumatha kupezeka ndikusintha kwa mayeso a magazi (magazi).

Kukana kwa insulin: Zizindikiro ndi chithandizo. Zakudya za insulin kukana

Insulin kukana ndi kusokonezeka kwachilengedwenso mayankho a thupi insulin. Zilibe kanthu kuti insulin imachokera kuti, kapamba (amkati) kapena jakisoni (wakunja).

Kukana kwa insulini kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2 okha, komanso atherosulinosis, kugunda kwa mtima, ndi kufa mwadzidzidzi chifukwa chotseka chotengera ndi magazi.

Kuchita kwa insulin ndikuwongolera kagayidwe (osati chakudya chokha, komanso mafuta ndi mapuloteni), komanso njira za mitogenic - uku ndikokula, kubadwanso kwa maselo, kaphatikizidwe ka DNA, kapangidwe ka majini.

Lingaliro lamakono la kukana insulini sikungokhala ndi zovuta za carbohydrate metabolism komanso chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda a shuga 2. Zimaphatikizanso kusintha kwa kagayidwe ka mafuta, mapuloteni, mafotokozedwe a jini. Makamaka, kukana insulini kumabweretsa mavuto ndi maselo a endothelial omwe amaphimba makhoma amitsempha yamagazi kuchokera mkati. Chifukwa cha izi, kuunikira kwa ziwiya kumachepa, ndipo atherosulinosis imayamba.

Zizindikiro za insulin kukaniza ndi kuzindikira

Mutha kukayikiridwa kuti muli ndi insulin kukana ngati zizindikiro ndi / kapena mayeso anu akuwonetsa kuti muli ndi metabolic syndrome. Mulinso:

kunenepa kwambiri m'chiuno (pamimba),
matenda oopsa (kuthamanga kwa magazi),
kuyezetsa magazi koyipa kwa cholesterol ndi triglycerides,
kudziwika kwa mapuloteni mumkodzo.

Kunenepa kwambiri pamimba ndicho chizindikiro chofala kwambiri cha kukana insulini. Kachiwiri ndi ochepa matenda oopsa (kuthamanga kwa magazi). Pafupipafupi, munthu samakhala ndi kunenepa kwambiri komanso matenda oopsa, koma kuyezetsa magazi kwa cholesterol ndi mafuta kumakhala koyipa kale.

Kuzindikira kukana insulini pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso kumakhala kovuta. Chifukwa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'madzi a m'magazi kumatha kusiyanasiyana, ndipo izi sizachilendo. Mukamasanthula insulini yotsalira ya plasma, mankhwalawa amachokera pa 3 mpaka 28 mcU / ml. Ngati insulini yachilendo kuposa kusala kudya kwa magazi, zikutanthauza kuti wodwalayo ali ndi hyperinsulinism.

Kuchulukana kwakukulu kwa insulini m'magazi kumachitika pamene kapamba amatulutsa owonjezera kuti athe kulipirira insulin kukana. Zotsatira zakuwonetseraku zikuwonetsa kuti wodwalayo ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a shuga a 2 komanso / kapena mtima.

Njira yolondola kwambiri yodziwira kukana insulin imatchedwa hyperinsulinulin insulin clamp. Zimaphatikizapo kulowetsedwa kosalekeza kwa insulin ndi shuga kwa maola 4-6. Iyi ndi njira yotopetsa, chifukwa chake sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni pochita. Amangolekezera kuyesa magazi magazi chifukwa cha plasma insulin.

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kukana insulini kumapezeka:

10% ya anthu onse opanda zovuta zama metabolic,
mu 58% ya odwala matenda oopsa (kuthamanga kwa magazi kuposa 160/95 mm Hg),
mwa 63% ya anthu omwe ali ndi hyperuricemia (seramu uric acid imaposa 416 μmol / l mwa amuna ndipo oposa 387 μmol / l mwa akazi),
mwa 84% ya anthu omwe ali ndi mafuta ambiri am'magazi (triglycerides opitilira 2.85 mmol / l),
mwa 88% ya anthu okhala ndi cholesterol yabwino “yabwinobwino” (m'munsimu 0,9 mmol / l mwa amuna ndi otsika 1.0 mmol / l mwa azimayi),
mu 84% ya odwala matenda a shuga a 2,
66% ya anthu omwe ali ndi vuto loleza shuga.

Mukakayezetsa magazi a cholesterol - osayang'ana cholesterol yathunthu, koma payokha "zabwino" ndi "zoyipa".

Momwe insulin imayang'anira kagayidwe

Nthawi zambiri, molekyulu ya insulin imamangiriza ku cholandilira chake pamwamba pa maselo mumisempha, mafuta, kapena minyewa ya chiwindi. Pambuyo pa izi, autophosphorylation ya insulin receptor ndi gawo la tyrosine kinase ndi mgwirizano wotsatira ndi gawo lapansi la insulin receptor 1 kapena 2 (IRS-1 ndi 2).

Ma molekyulu a IRS, nawonso, amachititsa phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, omwe amathandizira kusamutsidwa kwa GLUT-4. Ndionyamula glucose kulowa mu cell kudzera mu nembanemba. Njira yotere imapereka kutseguka kwa kagayidwe (kagayidwe ka glucose, kaphatikizidwe ka glycogen) ndi matogenic (kaphatikizidwe ka DNA) ka zotsatira za insulin.

Kutenga kwa glucose ndimaselo am'misempha, chiwindi ndi minofu ya adipose,
Kaphatikizidwe ka glycogen m'chiwindi (kusungidwa kwa glucose "othamanga"),
Kulanda kwa ma amino acid ndimaselo,
Kaphatikizidwe ka DNA
Mapuloteni
Mafuta acid mafuta
Kutumiza kwa Ion.

Lipolysis (kusweka kwa minofu ya adipose ndi kulowa kwamafuta acid m'magazi),
Gluconeogenesis (kusintha kwa glycogen mu chiwindi ndi glucose m'magazi),
Apoptosis (kudziwononga kwa maselo).

Dziwani kuti insulini imalepheretsa kuchepa kwa minofu ya adipose. Ndiye chifukwa chake, ngati mulingo wa insulin m'mwazi ukakwezedwa (hyperinsulinism imachitika pafupipafupi ndi insulin kukana), ndiye kuti kuchepa thupi kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, mwinanso kosatheka.

Mitundu imayambitsa kukana insulini

Kukana kwa insulin ndi vuto la kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa anthu onse. Amakhulupirira kuti amayamba chifukwa cha majini omwe adayamba kukhala ambiri panthawi ya chisinthiko. Mu 1962, zidaganiziridwa kuti insulin kukana njira yopulumukira nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa imathandizira kudzikundikira kwamafuta m'thupi munthawi yazakudya zambiri.

Asayansi akhala ndi njala kwa nthawi yayitali. Omaliza kupulumuka ndi omwe adapezeka kuti ali ndi chibadwa chokhala ndi insulin. Tsoka ilo, masiku ano, njira ya insulin kukana "imagwira ntchito" pakupanga kunenepa kwambiri, matenda oopsa ndi matenda a shuga a 2.

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 ali ndi vuto lakumtunduwu pakufalitsira chizindikiro atalumikiza insulin ndi receptor yawo. Izi zimatchedwa zolakwika za postreceptor. Choyamba, kusamutsidwa kwa glupose transporter GLUT-4 kumasokonezedwa.

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, kufooka kwa mitundu ina yomwe imapereka kagayidwe kazakudya zam'mimba ndi lipids (mafuta) zinapezekanso. Awa ndi majini a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucokinase, lipoprotein lipase, mafuta acid synthase ndi ena.

Ngati munthu ali ndi chibadwa chokhala ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, ndiye kuti amatha kuzindikira kapena osayambitsa matenda a metabolic komanso matenda a shuga. Zimatengera moyo. Zomwe zimayambitsa chiopsezo chachikulu ndimakudya ochulukirapo, makamaka kumwa mafuta osakanikirana (shuga ndi ufa), komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi ochepa.

Kodi chidwi chokhudza insulini m'matupi osiyanasiyana a thupi

Pazithandizo zamatenda, kuchepa kwa insulin kwa minofu ndi minyewa ya adipose, komanso maselo a chiwindi, ndikofunikira kwambiri. Koma kodi kuchuluka kwa insulin kukokana ndi izi zimakhala chimodzimodzi? Mu 1999, kuyesa kunawonetsa kuti ayi.

Nthawi zambiri, kupondereza 50% ya lipolysis (kuchepa kwamafuta) mu minofu ya adipose, kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi osaposa 10 mcED / ml ndikokwanira. Kuti 50% yoletsa kutulutsa shuga m'magazi ndi chiwindi, pafupifupi 30 mcED / ml ya insulin m'magazi ikufunika kale. Ndipo kuti muwonjezere kutuluka kwa glucose pogwiritsa ntchito minofu ya 50%, kufunikira kwa insulini m'magazi a 100 mcED / ml ndiwofunikira ndikofunikira.

Tikukumbutsani kuti lipolysis ndikuphwanya kwa adipose minofu. Kuchita kwa insulin kumalepheretsa, monga momwe amapangira shuga ndi chiwindi. Ndipo minofu ya glucose imatengedwa ndi insulin, m'malo mwake, imachulukitsidwa. Chonde dziwani kuti mu mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga, malingaliro ofunikira a insulin m'magazi amasinthidwa kumanja, i.e., pakukulira kwa insulin. Njirayi imayamba kalekale shuga asanadziwike.

Kuzindikira kwa minofu ya thupi kupita ku insulin kumachepa chifukwa cha chibadwa chamtsogolo, ndipo koposa zonse - chifukwa cha moyo wopanda thanzi. Mapeto ake, patatha zaka zambiri, kapamba amasiya kulimbana ndi nkhawa zambiri. Kenako amazindikira matenda a shuga enieni. Ndikothandiza kwambiri kwa wodwala ngati chithandizo cha metabolic syndrome chayambika mofulumira.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa insulin kukokana ndi metabolic syndrome

Mukuyenera kudziwa kuti kukana insulin kumachitika mwa anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo omwe samaphatikizidwa ndi lingaliro la "metabolic syndrome". Izi ndi:

polycystic ovary mwa akazi,
aakulu aimpso kulephera
matenda opatsirana
glucocorticoid mankhwala.

Kukana kwa insulin nthawi zina kumachitika pakubala, ndipo kumadutsa mwana akangobadwa. Amakhalanso amakula ndi zaka. Ndipo zimatengera mtundu wamakhalidwe omwe munthu wokalamba amatsogolera, ngakhale kuti zingayambitse matenda ashuga a 2 komanso / kapena mtima. Mu nkhani "Matenda a shuga mu okalamba" mupeza zambiri zothandiza.

Kukana kwa insulin ndi komwe kumayambitsa matenda a shuga a 2

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga, kutsutsana kwa insulin, minyewa, chiwindi ndi minyewa ya adipose ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuchipatala. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chidwi ndi insulini, shuga wochepa amalowa ndikutentha mu maselo a minofu. Mu chiwindi, pachifukwa chomwechi, kuwonongeka kwa glycogen kuti glucose (glycogenolysis) adamulowetsa, komanso kapangidwe ka glucose kuchokera ku amino acid ndi zina "zopangira" (gluconeogenesis).

Kukana kwa insulin kwa minofu ya adipose kumawonekera chifukwa chakuti kusakanikirana kwa insulin kumafooka. Poyamba, izi zimathetsedwa ndikuwonjezereka kwa pancreatic insulin. Mu magawo amtsogolo a matendawa, mafuta ochulukirapo amapezeka mu glycerin ndi mafuta achilengedwe aulere. Koma nthawi imeneyi, kuchepa thupi sikumabweretsa chisangalalo chochuluka.

Glycerin ndi mafuta aulere acids amalowa m'chiwindi, pomwe lipoproteins yotsika kwambiri imapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo. Izi ndizinthu zoyipa zomwe zimayikidwa pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi, ndipo atherosclerosis ikupita patsogolo. Kuchuluka kwa glucose, komwe kumawoneka chifukwa cha glycogenolysis ndi gluconeogeneis, kumalowanso m'magazi kuchokera pachiwindi.

Kutsutsa kwa insulin ndi zizindikiro za metabolic syndrome mwa anthu kwa nthawi yayitali kumayambitsa chitukuko cha matenda a shuga. Chifukwa kukana insulini kwazaka zambiri kwabwezedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi maselo a beta a kapamba. Zikatero, kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi kumawonedwa - hyperinsulinemia.

Hyperinsulinemia yokhala ndi shuga m'magazi ndi chizindikiro cha insulin komanso harbinger wa kukula kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu 2. Popita nthawi, ma cell a pancreatic beta salinso kuthana ndi katundu kuti athe kulipira insulin kukana. Amatulutsa insulini yocheperako komanso yocheperako, wodwala amakhala ndi shuga wambiri komanso matenda ashuga.

Choyamba, gawo loyamba la insulin secretion limavutika, i.e, kutulutsa kwa insulin mwachangu m'magazi poyankha katundu. Ndipo basal (maziko) obisika wa insulin amakhalanso ochulukirapo. Mwazi wamagazi ukakwera, izi zimapangitsanso minofu kukana ndipo zimalepheretsa kugwira ntchito kwa ma cell a beta mu insulin secretion. Njira imeneyi yopezera matenda a shuga imatchedwa "glucose toxicity."

Insulin kukana ndi mtima

Amadziwika kuti odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, kufa kwa mtima kumachulukanso katatu, poyerekeza ndi anthu omwe alibe zovuta za metabolic. Tsopano asayansi ndi akatswiri ochulukirachulukira akukhulupirira kuti kukana insulini ndipo palimodzi, hyperinsulinemia ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a mtima ndi sitiroko. Komanso kuopsa kumeneku sikudalira kuti wodwalayo wayamba kudwala matenda a shuga kapena ayi.

Kuyambira m'ma 1980s, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti insulini imakhudza mwachindunji makoma a mitsempha yamagazi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ma atherosselotic plaque ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa lumen ya ziwiya kumayenda mothandizidwa ndi insulin m'magazi omwe amayenda kudzera mwa iwo.

Insulin imayambitsa kuchuluka ndi kusunthika kwa maselo a minofu yosalala, kapangidwe ka lipids mkati mwake, kuchuluka kwa fibroblasts, kutseguka kwa dongosolo la magazi, komanso kuchepa kwa ntchito ya fibrinolysis. Chifukwa chake, hyperinsulinemia (kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi chifukwa cha kukana insulin) ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa atherosulinosis. Izi zimachitika kale nthawi isanayambike wodwala wachiwiri.

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuyanjana momveka bwino pakati pa kuchuluka kwa insulin kukana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mtima. Kutsutsa kwa insulin kumabweretsa mfundo yoti:

kunenepa kwambiri pamimba,
mbiri ya cholesterol yamwazi imakulirakulira, ndi zolemba zochokera ku cholesterol “yoyipa” pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi,
Kuchepa kwa magazi m'mitsempha kumawonjezeka,
Khoma la chotupa cha carotid limakhala lokwera (kuunika kwa mitsempha)

Ubale wolimba uwu udatsimikizika onse mwa odwala matenda a shuga a 2 komanso mwa anthu ena popanda iwo.

Chithandizo cha insulin

Njira yothandiza pochizira matenda a shuga m'magawo 2 a matenda ashuga 2, komanso kuposa apo zisanachitike, ndikugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zomwe zimaletsa michere m'zakudya zanu. Kunena zowona, iyi si njira yothanirana ndi insulin, koma kungoyilamulira. Zakudya zamagalimoto ochepa omwe amakhala ndi insulin kukana - ziyenera kutsatira.

Pambuyo pa masiku atatu othandizira kudya insulin, anthu ambiri amawona kusintha kwawo. Pambuyo pa masabata 6-8, mayeso amawonetsa kuti cholesterol "yabwino" m'magazi imakwera ndipo yoyipa "imagwa." Komanso mulingo wa triglycerides m'magazi umatsika kukhala wabwinobwino. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chiopsezo cha atherosulinosis chatsika kangapo.

Palibe njira zenizeni zochizira insulin. Akatswiri odziwa ntchito zamtundu wa majini ndi biology akugwira ntchito pamenepa. Mutha kuthana ndi insulin kukana bwino potsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa. Choyamba, muyenera kusiya kudya zakudya zamafuta abwino, ndiye kuti, shuga, maswiti ndi zinthu zoyera za ufa.

Ndi kukana kwa insulini, metformin (siofor, glucophage) imapereka zotsatira zabwino. Gwiritsani ntchito kuwonjezera pakudya, osati m'malo mwake, ndipo lankhulanani ndi dokotala wanu kaye za mapiritsi. Tsiku lililonse timatsata nkhani pochiza insulin. Ma genetics amakono ndi microbiology zimagwira zozizwitsa zenizeni. Ndipo tikuyembekeza kuti m'zaka zikubwerazi azitha kuthetsa vutoli pamapeto pake. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa kaye, lembani zomwe timalemba, ndi zaulere.

Kodi chiwopsezo cha kukana insulin ndi chiani?

Ngakhale mwa anthu omwe alibe kusintha kwakukulu mu metabolism, kukana insulini kumayambitsa zovuta za ukalamba, zimadziwikanso masiku ano kuti zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda amtima wamtima komanso zovuta zawo zoopsa (stroke, vuto la mtima, ngozi ya pachimake ya ubongo, matenda ashuga a m'mimba, etc.

Kukana kwa insulin kumakhala kofala kwambiri. Mu 10-15% ya achikulire (popanda matenda opatsirana ndikuwazindikira) atha kupezeka mwangozi, ndi mayeso aliwonse. Ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu zikwizikwi samadziwa za izi, komanso ali ndi matenda owopsa!

Zitha kumveka kuti kukana insulini ndikusiyana kwambiri komanso kobisika kwaumoyo, koma zoona izi ndizobisika imatha kuganiziridwa pamaso pa zovuta zenizeni za maonekedwe ndi thanzi.

Mwachitsanzo, azimayi onse, makamaka amayi azaka zapakati, amadziwa vuto la kunenepa kwambiri. Ikubwera nthawi yomwe mapaundi owonjezera amakula limodzi ndi thupi, ndizosatheka kuti ziwataye, palibe thandizo la zakudya. Komanso, zikuwoneka kuti kulemera kowonjezera kumalimbikiridwa m'mimba - chifukwa chake amayi ambiri amalota kutaya thupi m'chiuno, kupukutira makina osindikizira, osapatsa chidwi mbali zina za thupi. Pakadali pano zaka ndi kudzikundikira kwa minofu ya adipose pamimba (omwe amatchedwa kunenepa kwambiri pamimba, malingana ndi mtundu wapakati) ndizinthu ziwiri zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa insulini ndikulimbikitsa kulimbitsa kwake.

Amayi atatha zaka 35, osiyanasiyana kukhumudwa kwa mahomoni, zomwe pakadali pano sizimabweretsa matenda, koma zimapanga "namondwe" m'thupi. Kusintha kwa zinthu zomwe zimapezeka mu estrogen ndi testosterone (komanso kutatsala nthawi yayitali kuti azimayi asinthe, kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro ndikutulutsidwa kwa mahomoni opsinjika - adrenaline, cortisol - zonsezi zimakhudza thanzi la thupi. Pang'onopang'ono kudziunjikira mavuto omwe amakhudzana wina ndi mnzake: kunenepa kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi m'magazi, kuthamanga kwa magazi. Kukana kwa insulini kungakhale chifukwa chimodzi cha masinthidwe awa mthupi, komanso anzawo okhulupirika.

Zithandizirani pakukula kwa insulin zizolowezi zoyipa, kusowa kochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kudya mwachangu kuchokera ku chakudya komanso ambiri Zakudya zabwino. Mwa njira, zakudya zopanda pake komanso zoletsa zina zopatsa thanzi zimatha kudziwika kuti sizikhala ndi thanzi labwino: thupi silikhala bwino, ndipo "kusinthanitsa" nthawi zonse - kutaya thupi ndi kuwonda zimangokulitsa chizolowezi chokana insulin.

Ngati mukuganiza za izi, ndiye kuti m'moyo wa tonsefe pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zalembedwa, ngati vuto linalake limakukhudzani kwa nthawi yayitali komanso mozama (simungathe kuchepa thupi, kukhala ndi kuthamanga magazi, kupweteka mutu komanso kufooka), muyenera kufunsa dokotala ndikufotokozerani mpatseni chithunzi chathunthu. Nthawi zambiri mumakhala zonse ndimathandizira endocrinologist ndikuyesa mayeso angapo (shuga, kulolera glucose, glycated hemoglobin, index ya insulin, etc.).

Ntchito ya insulin m'thupi

Insulin ndiye timadzi tofunikira kwambiri tomwe timatulutsidwa mu kapamba, ndipo yekhayo mahomoni amthupi omwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Insulin imakhudzidwa ndi zochitika zambiri zofunika zachilengedwe, mwachitsanzo, imayambitsa mapangidwe a mapuloteni m'matumbo, imathandizira kuchulukana kwa mafuta m'chiwindi, koma ndi gawo lolembetsanso pankhani ya glucose yomwe imapanga chifukwa cha ntchito yake yapadera.

Tizilombo tambiri m'thupi timadalira kupezeka kwa insulin: izi ndizoyambirira, minofu ndi mafuta minofu yambiri (ndi minyewa ina yonse, kupatula wamanjenje). Pano, insulini imagwira ntchito ngati kiyi - imatsegula mwayi wopezeka ndi glucose mu cell, momwe umagwiritsidwira ntchito kupanga mphamvu, umawotchedwa. Njira imeneyi ikasiya kugwira ntchito, maselo amakhala osafunikira insulin, amakula insulin kukana.

Mafunso asiyidwa

Mutha kupangana nthawi zonse ndi kudziwa zambiri kuchokera kwa akatswiri a dipatimenti yathu yolankhulana patelefoni:

Artemyeva Alla Anatolyevna

Dokotala endocrinologist, gulu lapamwamba kwambiri. Membala wa Russian Endocrinological Society. Zinachitikira zaka 32.

Maskaeva Valentina Olegovna

Dokotala endocrinologist, ntchito zaka 3.

Kupenda kwa Ultrasound kwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro komanso matenda a parathyroid

Chithokomiro ndi parathyroid biopsy motsogozedwa ndi ultrasound

Kukana kwa insulini - ndi chiyani m'mawu osavuta

Kukana insulini - mawu omwe amawonetsa chodabwitsa pamene maselo amthupi salabadira bwino mahomoni: insulin. Ichi ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri chotsogolera matenda amitundu iwiri, magawo oyamba a shuga ndi prediabetes.
Kukana kwa insulin kumayenderana kwambiri ndi kunenepa kwambiri, koma anthu opanda kunenepa kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri amathanso kutero. Pakadali pano, kukana insulini kwapezeka mwa anthu anayi aliwonse padziko lapansi. Ndipo pambuyo pa zonse, inu nokha mumamvetsetsa kuti ndi anthu angati omwe sanatchulidwepo omwe deta iyi singagwiritse ntchito. Chifukwa chake manambalawa amatha kukhala ochuluka nthawi zambiri ndipo ... amakhala oyipa kwambiri pazotsatira zake.

Ofufuza amakono atsimikizira kuti kukana insulini kumatha kuwongoleredwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zochizira zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe imapangidwa ndi thupi lokha, komanso kutengedwa kudzera jakisoni wa insulin.

Kutsika kwa kukana insulin kumatha kupezeka ndi zakudya zama carb zochepa komanso ketogenic.

Udindo wa insulini ndikukulola maselo a thupi kutenga glucose kuti pambuyo pake agwiritsidwe ntchito ngati "mafuta" kapena mafuta osungira. Zikutanthauzanso kuti glucose amatha kumanga m'magazi, zomwe zimabweretsa shuga wambiri.

Thupi likayamba kukhala ndi insulini, limayesetsa kuthana ndi izi popanga kwambiri. Iwo omwe amatenga chitetezo cha m'thupi amadzipanga nthawi zambiri kuposa anthu athanzi.
Kupanga kwakukulu kwa insulin kumadziwika kuti hyperinsulinemia.

Zizindikiro za Insulin Resistance

Mkhalidwe womwewo, motero, ulibe zizindikiro kapena chizindikiro. Amayamba kuwoneka pokhapokha kukana insulini kumabweretsa zotsatirapo, monga shuga wambiri (hyperglycemia yayitali).

Izi zikachitika, zizindikiro zimalembedwa: kutopa, njala, kapena chilala chovuta, kuyang'ana zolimba, zomwe zimatchedwanso chisokonezo. Pali zizindikiro za kugona tulo masana, makamaka mukatha kudya. Nthawi zambiri kusinthaku kumakhala kotchuka, kuchepa kwa ntchito.

Zizindikiro zina zomwe zitha kuphatikizidwa mwachidule: kuwonda kwambiri komanso kuwoneka kwamafuta m'mimba, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa khungu, kuwonongeka kwa khungu (mawonekedwe a acrochordones - ma polyps nthawi zambiri amtundu wamiyendo pamiyendo yopanda malo osungika, kuzimiririka kwa mafupa amkhungu - khungu lakumaso, keratomas, papillomas, capillary hemangiomas - hemorrhages pamthupi), kuthamanga kwa magazi, cholesterol yayikulu.

Kukana insulini kukakhala prediabetes kapena mtundu 2 shuga, Zizindikiro zimaphatikizanso: kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi zina zodziwika za matenda amtundu wa 2.

Zimayambitsa Insulin Resistance

Ngakhale zomwe zimayambitsa kukana insulini sizikumveka bwino, zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko chake ndizodziwika bwino.
Itha kuyamba kukulira pazinthu zabwino zotsatirazi:

Kunenepa kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri. Masewera olimbitsa thupi atakhala odziwika bwino amapitilira gawo lachitatu lokha, mphamvu ya minofu kupita ku insulin imachepera pafupifupi theka.
Kukula kwa metabolic syndrome.
Ndi zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu zambiri, shuga, kapena shuga. Kuchuluka kwa zakudya zoyengedwa bwino m'zakudya ndi zoteteza, utoto, shuga wambiri.
Kukhala moyo wongokhala kapena kusachita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi.
Ndi ma yogwira, nthawi yayitali otengedwa ndi ma steroid.
Ndi nkhawa yayikulu, kusowa tulo nthawi zonse.
Ndi matenda a Itsenko-Cushing, acromegaly, polycystic ovary, zina za chithokomiro cha chithokomiro - hypothyroidism, thyrotooticosis.
Ofufuzawo awanenanso za kubadwa kwa majini.
Mwa matenda omwe alipo pakali pano ndi chiwindi matenda a chiwindi, nyamakazi, matenda a impso kulephera (kulephera kwaimpso), kulephera kwa mtima, sepsis, malo akulu otentha, cachexia ndi dystrophy mu khansa.

Poganizira zonse zomwe zimachitika mthupi, zomwe zimayambitsa kukana insulini, asayansi apeza kuti zimawoneka mwa anthu omwe amakhala ndi magazi nthawi zambiri, pafupifupi kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi awo, komanso amakhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo ku chiwindi ndi kapamba.

Kufooka kwa chitetezo chokwanira, kukalamba, kutenga pakati, kuvulala komanso kuchitapo kanthu pochita opaleshoni, kusuta kungathandizenso matendawa kukula.

Zotsatira za insulin insensitivity

Zikondazo pamapeto pake zimaleka kuthana ndi kuchuluka kowonjezereka ndikupitiliza kupanga insulin yochulukirapo monga kale, ndipo munthu amayamba kudwala matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2.

Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin posakhalitsa zimaphatikizira kukula kwa hepatosis yamafuta, cirrhosis ya chiwindi, komanso ngakhale khansa ya chiwalo ichi. Zizindikiro za atherosulinosis ya ziwiya zamagawo am'munsi, kuchepa kwamitsempha yamagazi ambiri, komanso thrombosis kumawonekera mwachangu. Ndipo chifukwa - kukula kwa myocardial infarction ndi stroke.

Kufotokozera Matenda

Kukana kwa insulini ndi mkhalidwe pomwe thupi silimayankha insulin bwino. Izi zitha kufaniziridwa ndi kukana kuyamwa kwa insulin ndi maselo amthupi. Ichi ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2.

Vuto la kukana insulini ndikuti limakhudza thupi m'njira zingapo.

Imakakamiza thupi kutulutsa insulin yambiri, yomwe imapangitsa kuti munthu azilakalaka kwambiri komanso azithamanga magazi, komanso kuti azichita kunenepa kwambiri. Insulin siyilola kuti mafuta a thupi asungunuke, chifukwa cha kukana insulini ndizosatheka kuti muchepetse thupi kapena ndizovuta kwambiri (pokhapokha ngati kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochiritsa).

Ngakhale kuti zifukwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti insulin ikane sizimveka bwino, ndizodziwikiratu kuti pali kulumikizana pakati pa chitukuko chake ndi kulemera kwake. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kutsitsa kudya calorie kumatha kuyimitsa chitukuko cha matendawa.

Kuzindikira kwa insulin kukana

Kuzindikira koteroko kumatha kupangidwa ndikupeza anamnesis, kufotokozera za kukhalapo kwa matenda osokoneza bongo, matenda oopsa, matenda atherosselosis mu abale, matenda a shuga akatsimikiziridwa panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati mwa mkazi, atadutsa UAC, mkodzo pamaso pa albumin (mapuloteni), kuyesa kwa magazi ndi zamankhwala ambiri pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya 3-28 mcED / ml, ngakhale ma endocrinologists ena amawona ngati URM wa 3-4 mcED / ml) ndi C-peptide m'magazi.

Mndandanda wa NOMA IR wa insulin (mulingo wa kusala glucose mpaka insulin) umafunanso kuti udziwe. Chizindikiro cha chizindikiro ichi chafikira pa 2.7.

Kulekerera kwa glucose kumayesedwa, hemoglobin ya glycosylated imayesedwa, mulingo wa triglycerides ndi lipoproteins yapamwamba imatsimikizika.

Mlozera wamkulu wazitsamba umatsimikiziridwa, ndi zizindikiro pamwamba 25 (kg / m (), chiwopsezo cha kukula kale. Ndikofunikanso kuyang'anira gawo lachiuno, ndiloyipa ngati ndichoposa 89 kwa akazi, 102 cm kwa amuna.

Chithandizo cha insulin

Motsatira mankhwala omwe amapezeka ndi mankhwala a hypoglycemic (Metformin, Glucofage, Acarbose, Troglizaton). Kuthamanga kwa matenda oopsa kumayimitsidwa ndi mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu, cholesterol yapamwamba - mankhwala a lipid-ochepetsa amadziwika.

Chilichonse, monga nthawi zonse, pachizindikiro chilichonse, makampani opanga mankhwala ali ndi mankhwala awo, kapenanso ochulukirapo. Kodi izi zimathetsa matendawa - sindikuganiza choncho. Kwa ine, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuthana ndi vuto la kusintha kwakukulu kwa zakudya ndi regimen.

Kodi ndizotheka kuchepetsa kapena kusintha matendawa

Pali njira zochepetsera zotsatira zake ndipo zotsatirazi ndi mndandanda wokuthandizani kukwaniritsa zomwe mukufuna.

Njira zamphamvu zophatikizira:

Zakudya zochepa za carb ndi ketogenic.
Zakudya zochepa kwambiri zopatsa mphamvu.
Chakudya chamafuta, chothandizidwa ndi masewera. Hafu ya ola limodzi yolimbitsa thupi kwambiri kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi popanda kulowerera insulin.
Kuchokera pa wowerengeka azitsamba, mabulosi amtunduwu amalimbikitsidwa, onse mabulosi omwewo ndi decoctions masamba ake.
Ndipo monga choopsa - opaleshoni yochepetsa thupi - liposuction, gastric banding.

Njirazi ndi zofanana chifukwa zimathandizira kuchepetsa kufunika kwa insulin komanso kunenepa.

Zakudya za insulin kukana - zakudya

Zopatsa mphamvu za Carbohydrate ziyenera kusankhidwa ndi index yotsika ya glycemic, mapuloteni ndi zinthu zam'mera ziyenera kupezeka mu chakudya.

Zakudyazo zimapereka kuchepa kwa zinthu zokhuthala, zakudya zotsekemera ndi ufa, mowa, pasitala, mpunga, mkaka, mchere ndi shuga. Koma mafuta amasamba, makamaka osapanga Omega 3, ndi ofunikira ku thupi pakadali pano.

Othandizira zakudya m'thupi nthawi zambiri amathandizira kuti azitsatira zakudya za ku Mediterranean ndi mafuta ake ambiri, masamba, zitsamba. Amaloledwa kudya nyama yopendekera, nkhuku, nsomba zam'nyanja ndi nsomba zam'madzi, lactic acid, mtedza, mitundu yonse ya mbewu (flaxseed, chia), mbewu.

Mabuku ena amakhulupirira kuti kuthamanga kwa insulin, kusintha kwa zakudya kwakadali kochepa, zinthu zimatha kusintha kusala kudya kwakanthawi mawu achidule. Masiku 1-3, ndiye masiku opezeka bwino ndi zakudya zitatu patsiku, osati chakudya champhongo 5-6 patsiku (zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa insulini nthawi yonse yamasana masana).

Ndi dongosolo lotere, mutha kusintha chidwi chanu ndi insulin m'miyezi 3-4, chakudya chokha pa masiku athunthu chizikhala ndi choletsa kudya zakudya - shuga, mikate yoyera, mpunga, chakudya chofulumira, kuphika. Mafuta ochulukirapo (makamaka osachokera ku nyama) ndi mapuloteni, othandizira kuchepa kwa magnesium, zinc, chromium, vitamini D.

Ndi kusowa kwa chromium m'thupi, kunenepa kwambiri kumayamba, kumakulirakulira kulakalaka maswiti, chinthu ichi chimakhudzidwa ndimatenda a shuga. Chromium imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kumapangitsanso kagayidwe. Muli ndi mapeyala, ma hazelnuts, nkhuku yoyera, mbatata, chiwindi cha ng'ombe.

Munjira yonseyo, mumachotsa mafuta pang'ono m'chiuno ndi ziwalo zamkati, chifukwa patsiku lachiwiri lokhala kudya thupi limayamba kusintha mafuta.

Ndani ovuta kufa ndi njala, ndiye kuti, kusankha kosala kwakanthawi molingana ndi dongosolo la 16/8, ndiye kuti, maola 16 a njala, mwachitsanzo kuyambira maola 18 mpaka 10 m'mawa, kuyambira 10 m'mawa mpaka 18 - mutha kudya zakudya ziwiri kapena zitatu.