Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga

Lingaliro la "matenda ashuga "Ndichizolowezi kusankha gulu la matenda amtundu wa endocrine omwe amayamba chifukwa chakuchepa kwathunthu kwa thupi kapena wachibale m'thupi insulin. Poganizira izi, wodwalayo amadziwonetsa yekha hyperglycemia - kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi a anthu. Matenda a shuga amakhala ndi njira yovuta. Pakukonzekera matendawa, vuto la metabolic limapezeka lonse: mafuta, mapuloteni, chakudya, mchere ndi madzi ndi mchere kusinthana. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za WHO, anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 150 ali ndi matenda ashuga padziko lapansi. Mwa njira, shuga sikuti ndi munthu, komanso nyama zina, mwachitsanzo, amphaka.

Tanthauzo la liwu loti "shuga" kuchokera ku chilankhulo cha Greek ndi "kumaliza." Chifukwa chake, mawu akuti "shuga" amatanthauza "kutaya shuga." Pankhaniyi, chizindikiro chachikulu cha matendawa chikuwonetsedwa - shuga wa mkodzo. Mpaka pano, ali ndi kafukufuku wambiri pazomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, komabe, zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa komanso zovuta zake sizikudziwikiratu.

Zoyambitsa matenda a shuga

Choyambitsa chachikulu cha matenda a shuga chimayamba kudwala chakudya kagayidwe kachakudya, yomwe imadziwonetsera yokha chifukwa cha kulephera kwa kapamba kuti apange kuchuluka koyenera kwa insulin ya mahomoni kapena kutulutsa insulini yofunikira. Pali malingaliro ambiri pazomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti matenda ashuga ndi matenda osapatsirana. Pali chiphunzitso chakuti matenda obadwa ndi majini ndi omwe amayambitsa matendawa. Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti chiopsezo chachikulu cha matendawa chimapezeka mwa anthu omwe abale awo apamtima anali kudwala matenda a shuga. Makamaka kwambiri matendawa mwa anthu omwe apezeka ndi matenda ashuga mwa makolo onse awiri.

Monga chinthu chinanso chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza mwachindunji kuthekera kwa matenda ashuga, akatswiri akutero. Pankhaniyi, munthu ali ndi mwayi kusintha zolemetsa zawo, ndiye chifukwa chake mukuyenera kuzindikira kwambiri nkhaniyi.

China chomwe chikuchititsa chidwi ndi matenda angapo omwe amachititsa kuwonongeka. maselo a beta. Choyamba, zili, Matenda a matenda amtundu wina wa endocrine, khansa ya kapamba.

Matenda a ma virus amatha kukhala choyambitsa matenda ashuga. Matenda a ma virus samayambitsa matenda ashuga paliponse. Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lotengera matenda ashuga komanso zinthu zina zomwe zili pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda chifukwa cha matenda.

Kuphatikiza apo, madotolo amawona kupsinjika mtima monga njira yomwe imayambitsa matendawa. Okalamba ayenera kukumbukira mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga: munthu akamakula, amakhala kuti ali ndi matenda.

Nthawi yomweyo, lingaliro la ambiri kuti iwo omwe amakonda kudya kwambiri shuga ndi zakudya zamafuta omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga amatsimikiziridwa kuchokera pachiwonetsero cha kuthekera kwakukulu kwa kunenepa kwambiri mwa anthu otere.

Nthawi zina, matenda a shuga kwa ana ndi akulu amayamba chifukwa cha zovuta zina za mahomoni m'thupi, komanso kuwonongeka kwa kapamba chifukwa chomwa mowa kwambiri kapena kumwa mankhwala ena ake.

Lingaliro lina likuwonetsa mtundu wa virus wa matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chake, mtundu 1 wa shuga umatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ma virus ma cell a pancreatic beta omwe amapanga insulin. Poyankha, chitetezo cha mthupi chimapanga chomwe chimatchedwa osazindikira.

Komabe, mpaka pano pali zambiri zosadziwika pakupeza zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga.

Mitundu ya Matenda A shuga

Matenda a shuga nthawi zina amapezekanso mwa anthu monga chidziwitso cha matenda oyambitsidwa. Pankhaniyi, tikukamba matenda ashugazomwe zimachitika pakati pa zotupa chithokomiro kapena kapamba , gren adrenal,. Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu uwu wa matenda a shuga umayambanso chifukwa chotsatira mankhwala enaake. Ndipo ngati chithandizo cha matenda oyambitsidwa bwino chikuyenda bwino, ndiye kuti matenda a shuga amachiritsidwa.

Matenda a shuga amapezeka m'magulu awiri: mtundu 1 shugandiye kuti, wodwala insulinkomanso mtundu 2 shugandiye kutiinsulin yodziyimira payokha.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga 1 umawonetsedwa kwambiri mwa achinyamata: monga lamulo, ambiri mwa odwalawa sanakwanitse zaka makumi atatu. Matenda amtunduwu amakhudza pafupifupi 10-15% ya chiwerengero chonse cha odwala matenda a shuga. Matenda a shuga amapezeka mwa ana amadziwonekera okha mwanjira iyi.

Matenda a shuga a Type 1 ndi chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwa maselo a pancreatic beta omwe amapanga insulin. Nthawi zambiri, anthu amadwala matenda amtunduwu matenda am'mimba atadwala -, virus hepatitis,. Matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba 1 amapezeka nthawi zambiri matenda a autoimmuneb chifukwa cha chilema m'thupi. Monga lamulo, munthu amene akudwala matenda oyamba a shuga amawonetsa kuwonda kopanda thanzi. Mulingo wa shuga wamagazi umakwera kwambiri. Odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga amadalira jakisoni wopitilira insulin, yemwe amakhala wofunikira.

Pakati pa odwala matenda ashuga ambiri, odwala matenda a shuga a 2 amapezekanso. Nthawi yomweyo, pafupifupi 15% ya odwala omwe ali ndi matendawa amakhala ndi kulemera kwina, ndipo ena onse amavutika ndi kunenepa kwambiri.

Matenda a 2 a shuga amayamba chifukwa chosiyana. Zikatero, maselo a beta amatulutsa insulin yokwanira kapena yochulukirapo, koma minyewa m'thupi imalephera kulandira chizindikiro chake. Potere, wodwalayo safuna jakisoni wa insulini kuti apulumuke, koma nthawi zina amapatsidwa mankhwala kuti awongolere shuga la wodwalayo.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga

Zizindikiro za matenda osokoneza bongo a shuga zimawonetsedwa makamaka pakupanga mkodzo kwambiri. Munthu amayamba kukodza osati pafupipafupi, komanso kwambiri (chodabwitsa chotchedwa polyuria) Poganizira zofanana ndi izi, wodwala amadzuka kwambiri. Kupukutira limodzi ndi mkodzo shuga, munthu amataya ndi zopatsa mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga chimakhalanso cholakalaka kwambiri chifukwa cha kumangokhala ndi njala.

Zochitika zina zosasangalatsa zimachitika monga zizindikiro za matenda a shuga: kutopa kwambiri, kupezeka kwa kuyabwa kwa perineum. Miyendo imatha kugundana ndi wodwalayo, kupenyerera pang'onopang'ono kumachepa.

Matendawa amapita patsogolo, ndipo zizindikiro zotsatirazi za matenda ashuga zimawonekera. Wodwalayo akuti mabala ake amachira, pang'onopang'ono ntchito yofunikira ya thupi imalepheretsedwa.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti zizindikiro zazikuluzikulu za matenda ashuga zomwe aliyense ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa ndi kutayika kwa mphamvu, kumverera kwa ludzu pafupipafupi, ndikuchotsa mwachangu kwamadzi kuchokera mthupi ndi mkodzo.

Komabe, poyamba, zizindikiritso za matenda a shuga zimatha kuonekeratu, ndipo matendawa amatha kutsimikiziridwa pokhapokha ngati mayeso a labotale. Ngati matendawa sanachitike, ndipo shuga wokwezeka pang'ono wapezeka m'magazi ndipo kupezeka kwake mkodzo kumachitika, ndiye kuti munthu wapezeka boma la prediabetes. Amadziwika kuti ali ndi anthu ambiri, ndipo patatha zaka khumi mpaka khumi ndi zisanu amadwala matenda a shuga a 2. Insulin pankhaniyi siyikukwaniritsa ntchito ya cleavage chakudya. Zotsatira zake, glucose wocheperako, yemwe amakhala mphamvu, amalowa m'magazi.

Mavuto a shuga

Mavuto obwera chifukwa cha matenda ashuga ndi chiwopsezo ku thanzi la munthu komanso moyo, zomwe zimawonetsedwa ngati matenda ashuga samathandizidwa, kapena akuchitika molakwika. Chifukwa cha zovuta zotere, zotsatira zakupha zimachitika nthawi zambiri. Ndichizolowezi kusiyanitsa pakati pamavuto amakono a shuga, omwe amakula mwachangu kwa wodwala, komanso zovuta zomwe zimachitika patapita zaka zingapo.

Zovuta za shuga zimawonekera: munthawi imeneyi, wodwalayo amasiya kuzindikira, amasokoneza ntchito za ziwalo zingapo - chiwindi, impso, mtima, mantha. Zoyambitsa Coma - Kusintha Kwakukulu acidity magazi, kuphwanya kuchuluka kwa mchere ndi madzi mthupi, mawonetseredwe amwazi a lactic acid ambiri, kugwa kwamphamvu m'magazi a shuga.

Matenda a shuga atatha, ziwiya zazing'ono za impso ndi maso zimakhudzidwa nthawi zambiri. Chombo chachikulu chikakhudzidwa, ndiye. mapazi. Mphamvu yamanjenje yamunthu imavutikanso.

Kuzindikira matenda ashuga

Matenda a shuga amawonekera mwa munthu pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa chake, madokotala amatha kusiyanitsa katatu kwa kukula kwake. Anthu omwe amakonda kudwala chifukwa cha zovuta zina amakhala ndi nthawi yotchedwa prediabetes. Ngati shuga waphatikizidwa kale ndi zodetsa nkhawa, komabe, zizindikiro za matendawa sizinafike, ndiye kuti wodwalayo wapezeka ndi nthawi matenda ashuga. Nthawi yachitatu ndikukula kwa matendawo omwe.

Pozindikira matenda ashuga mwa ana ndi akulu, kuyezetsa matenda a labotale ndikofunikira kwambiri. Mukamayang'ana mkodzo, umapezeka acetone ndi shuga. Njira yachangu kwambiri yokhazikitsira matenda oyeserera ndi kuyezetsa magazi, momwe zimakhazikika ndi shuga. Iyi ndi njira yodalirika yopezera matenda.

Kuchita kafukufuku wapamwamba kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyesedwa kwa glucose pakamwa. Poyamba, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi a wodwala omwe amapezeka pamimba yopanda kanthu. Pambuyo pake, munthu ayenera kumwa kapu yamadzi momwe magalamu 75 a shuga amasungunuka kale. Patatha maola awiri, muyeso wachiwiri umachitika. Ngati zotulukapo zama glucose zinali kuyambira 3.3 mpaka 7.0 mmol / L, ndiye kuti kulekerera kwa glucose kumayipa, chifukwa cha 11.1 mmol / L, wodwalayo amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga.

Kuphatikiza apo, pakapezeka matenda a shuga, kuyezetsa magazi kumachitika glycogemoglobins pofuna kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kwakutali (pafupifupi miyezi itatu). Njirayi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kudziwa momwe chithandizo cha matenda ashuga chakhalira m'miyezi itatu yapitayo.

Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga

Madokotala amapereka mankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga kuti magazi asakhale ndi shuga. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuganizira kuti ngakhale ayi hyperglycemia, ndiye kuti, kuchuluka kwa shuga, komanso hypoglycemia, ndiko kuti, kugwa kwake.

Usiku wonse, shuga wa glucose amayenera kukhalabe wofanana. Thandizo lotere limathandiza kupewa ziwopsezo za zovuta za shuga zomwe zikuyika moyo pachiwopsezo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti munthu payekha awonenso bwino matenda ake ndipo alangizidwe momwe angathere pothana ndi matendawa. Madzi a glucose mita - Ichi ndi chipangizo chopangidwa mwaluso kwambiri chomwe chimapangitsa kuti magazi azitha kudziwa magazi. Kuti mupange kusanthula, muyenera kutenga dontho la magazi kuchokera chala chanu ndikugwiritsa ntchito gawo loyesa.

Ndikofunika kuti chithandizo cha matenda ashuga mwa ana ndi akulu chiyambike munthu akangomupeza. Dotolo amasankha njira zochizira matenda ashuga, poganizira mtundu wa shuga omwe wodwala ali nawo.

Pochiza matenda amishuga amtundu 1, ndikofunikira kupereka chithandizo chamankhwala chaumoyo wonse. Kuti muchite izi, tsiku lililonse, wodwala yemwe wapezeka ndi mtundu woyamba wa shuga ayenera kumwa jakisoni wa insulin. Palibenso njira zina zochizira pankhaniyi. Ntchito ya insulin isanakhazikitsidwe ndi asayansi mu 1921, matenda ashuga anali osachiritsika.

Pali mtundu wapadera wa insulin, womwe umachokera komwe mankhwalawo amachokera komanso nthawi yayitali bwanji. Kusiyanitsa bullish, nkhumba ndi munthu insulin Chifukwa chopeza zovuta zingapo, insulin ya bovine sigwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano. Choyandikilana kwambiri ndi munthu ndi insulin. Kusiyanako ndi chimodzi. Kutalika kwa insulin ndi mwachidule, pafupifupi, lalitali.

Monga lamulo, wodwalayo amapanga jakisoni wa insulin pafupifupi mphindi 20-30 asanadye. Amabayidwa mu ntchafu, phewa kapena m'mimba pang'ono, pomwe jekeseni imasinthidwa jekeseni iliyonse.

Pamene insulin ilowa m'magazi, imapangitsa kusintha kwa shuga kuchokera ku magazi kupita ku minofu. Ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo agwera, amakhala ndi vuto la hypoglycemia. Zizindikiro za izi: Ali ndi vutoli, munthu ayenera kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga pakudya supuni zingapo za shuga kapena kapu ya madzi otsekemera.

Chiwembu cha insulin chodwala chilichonse chimayenera kusankhidwa ndi katswiri, poganizira mawonekedwe onse a thupi, komanso moyo wake. Kusankhidwa kwa Mlingo wa insulin tsiku lililonse kumapangidwa kotero kuti kumagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chathupi. Magawo awiri mwa magawo atatu a mlingo wa mahomoni amatengedwa m'mawa ndi masana, gawo limodzi mwa atatu masana ndi usiku. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya jakisoni, kuyenerera kwake komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi adokotala. Malangizo a insulin Mlingo ndi otheka kutengera zinthu zingapo (zolimbitsa thupi, makamaka kagayidwe kazakudya). Udindo wofunikira kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa mtundu wokwanira wa insulin kudya umaperekedwa pakudziyesa wekha wama glucose komanso kusunga mbiri zokhudzana ndikudziwona.

Pankhaniyi, zakudya zoyenera za anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndizofunikira kwambiri. Ndikofunika kuti wodwalayo adye chakudya malinga ndi dongosolo linalake: zakudya zitatu zazikulu ndi zakudya zina zowonjezera. Kupatsa thanzi matenda a shuga kumachitika poganizira kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachulukitsa chakudya. Komabe, zoletsa kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kwawo sizofunikira. Pamagulu abwinobwino a kulemera kwaumunthu, ndikofunikira kulingalira kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri kuti musankhe mtundu woyenera wa insulin.

Ngati munthu wapezeka ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, simungamwe mankhwala konse. Pankhaniyi, chakudya chofunikira cha matenda ashuga, chomwe chimaphatikizapo kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zakudya zosavuta zamagetsi komanso njira yabwino yochitira zolimbitsa thupi. Ngati matenda a shuga akupita patsogolo, mankhwala othandizira amafunikira. Dokotalayo amapereka mankhwala ngati mankhwala a hypoglycemic. Amasankha mankhwala oyenera kuchokera kuzinthu zina sulfonylureas, prandial glycemic owongolera. Zingwe zomverera za insulin zimathandiza khwawa (mankhwalawa amachepetsa kuyamwa kwamatumbo) komanso kachikachiyama. Pokhapokha ngati chithandizo cha mankhwalawa chimatha, odwala amathandizidwa ndi insulin.

Mu matenda a shuga, maphikidwe ena amachitidwanso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi. Kuti izi zitheke, mankhwala othandizira zitsamba okhala ndi zotere amagwiritsidwa ntchito.Ili ndi tsamba lamabulosi, tsamba la nyemba, tsamba la laurel, msipu ndi zipatso za rosehip, muzu wa burdck, masamba a diquecious, etc. Mankhwala azitsamba amatengedwa kangapo patsiku musanadye.

Zakudya za shuga

Zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosalephera. Zomwe zimapatsa thanzi matenda a shuga pankhaniyi zimakhudza kuphatikiza kwa kagayidwe kachakudya m'thupi la munthu ndipo nthawi yomweyo imathandizira kugwira ntchito kwa kapamba. Zakudya zimachotsa mosavuta michere yamagetsi, kuchepetsa kumwa. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ayenera kudya zamasamba ambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo amachepetsa zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta a kolesterol. Chakudya chiziphikidwa ndikuphika.

Wodwala matenda a shuga akulimbikitsidwa kudya kwambiri kabichi, tomato, zukini, zitsamba, nkhaka, beets. M'malo mwa shuga, odwala matenda ashuga amatha kudya xylitol, sorbitol, fructose. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mbatata, mkate, chimanga, kaloti, mafuta, uchi.

Sizoletsedwa kudya maswiti a confectionery, chokoleti, maswiti, zoteteza, nthochi, zonunkhira, kusuta, mwanawankhosa ndi nkhumba mafuta, mpiru, mowa, mphesa, zoumba.

Muyenera kudya nthawi yomweyo, osadumpha chakudya. Chakudya chizikhala ndi ulusi wambiri. Kuti muchite izi, nthawi ndi nthawi, nyemba, mpunga, oats, buckwheat iyenera kuphatikizidwa muzakudya. Tsiku lililonse wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga azimwa madzi ambiri.

Kupewa matenda a shuga

Kupewa matenda a shuga kumaphatikizapo kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi. Simuyenera kulola kuoneka ngati mapaundi owonjezera, nthawi zonse muzichita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Munthu aliyense ayenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi maswiti. Ngati munthu ali kale ndi zaka makumi anayi kapena pakhala pali zochitika za matenda ashuga m'mabanja mwake, ndiye kuti matenda a shuga amachokera ku kuwunika kawirikawiri shuga.

Muyenera kuyesa tsiku lililonse kudya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zambiri, kuphatikiza muzakudya zomwe ndizopatsa thanzi zambiri. Ndikofunikanso kuwunika kuchuluka kwa mchere ndi shuga zomwe zimaphatikizidwa muzakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku - motere, kuzunza sikuloledwa. Zakudyazo ziyenera kukhala ndi zakudya zambiri zopatsa mavitamini.

Kuphatikiza apo, pofuna kupewa matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kuti nthawi zonse mukhale mumtendere wamalingaliro, kupewa mavuto. Kuphatikiza apo, kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazachilengedwe kumadziwonetsa ngati zotsatira za kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupewa izi pasadakhale.

Kuchokera pazomwe zimachitika Maziko a matendawa ndi kuphwanya kagayidwe kazachilengedwe ndi madzi. Zotsatira zake, ntchito ya pancreatic imachepetsedwa. Ndiwo thupi lomwe limapangitsa kuti timadzi timene timapanga insulini.

Ambiri amachita chidwi ndi insulin? Kupatula apo, ndi iye yemwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ashuga.

Hemeni ya insulin imakhudzidwa ndikupanga shuga. Pakalibe, thupi limatha kusintha shuga mu shuga. Zotsatira zake, zimapukusidwa kuchokera mthupi ndi mkodzo.

Kufanana ndi njirayi, pali kuphwanya kagayidwe kamadzi. Matani satha kusunga madzi. Zotsatira zake, zochulukirapo zimachotseredwa ndi impso.

Ngati munthu ali ndi vuto lalikulu, ndiye ichi ndichizindikiro chachikulu kuti thupi limakhudzidwa ndi matenda monga matenda a shuga.

Kuyankha kwa insulin pa shuga

Kodi insulini ndi chiani ndipo imagwirizana bwanji ndi shuga? Mu thupi la munthu, ma protein a beta amayambitsa kupanga mahomoni. Insulin imapatsa maselowo mu kuchuluka koyenera kwa shuga.

Kodi ndi vuto lotani lomwe limawonedwa mthupi ndi shuga wambiri? Pankhaniyi, insulini siyipangidwe mokwanira mthupi, mulingo wa shuga umakwezedwa, koma maselo amavutika ndi kusowa kwa shuga.

Chifukwa chake, matenda ashuga. Kodi chilankhulo chophweka ndi chiyani? Maziko a matendawo ndikuphwanya njira za metabolic mthupi. Matendawa amatha kukhala cholowa komanso kukhala nacho.

Kuchokera pakusowa kwa insulin, khungu limakhudzidwa ndi ma pustule ang'onoang'ono, mkhalidwe wamkamwa ndi mano amawonda, ma atherosselotic plaques, angina pectoris amakula, kukakamizidwa, ntchito ya impso ndi yopsinjika, zovuta zamagulu amanjenje zimadziwika, kuwona kumachepa.

Etiology ya matenda

Kodi chimayambitsa matenda ashuga, chimawatsutsa ndi chiyani? Pathogenesis yamatendawa imatengera mtundu wamatenda. Mitundu iwiri yayikulu imasiyanitsidwa, yomwe imasiyana kwambiri. Ngakhale mu endocrinology yamakono kupatukana koteroko kuli kovomerezeka, mtundu wa matendawo ndi wofunikabe posankha chithandizo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti muganizire mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse payokhapokha ndikuwunikira mawonekedwe ake.

Mulimonsemo, matenda ashuga, zomwe zimayambitsa kuphwanya kagayidwe kazakudya komanso kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndi matenda oopsa. Wokwezedwa m'mankhwala amatchedwa hyperglycemia.

Hulin insulini simalumikizana ndi zimakhala kwathunthu. Ndiye amene amatsitsa zomwe zili ndi glucose mthupi mwa kuzitengera maselo onse amthupi. Glucose ndi gawo lapansi lamagetsi lomwe limathandizira kuti thupi likhale ndi moyo.

Ngati mankhwalawo asweka, ndiye kuti glucose satenga nawo gawo pazomwe zimachitika ndipo amaphatikizidwa kwambiri m'magazi. Izi ndi njira zomwe zimayambira matenda ashuga.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti sikuti kuwonjezeka kulikonse kwa shuga m'magazi ndi shuga yeniyeni. Matendawa amakwiya chifukwa cha kuphwanya kwakukulu kwa zochita za insulin.

Kodi matenda a hyperglycemia ndi ati?

Hyperglycemia imatha kupezeka zotsatirazi:

• Pheochromocytoma. Ndi chotupa chofunikira mu gren adrenal, yomwe imathandizira kupanga ma insulin antagonist.
• Glucagonoma ndi somatostatinoma - kuchuluka kwa maselo akupanga omwe akupikisana ndi insulin.
• Kuchulukitsa kwa adrenal ntchito.
• Kuchulukitsa kwa chithokomiro (hyperthyroidism).
• Matenda a chiwindi.
• Kuphwanya kulekerera kwa chakudya chamafuta (kuchepetsedwa kwawo komwe kumatha kudya mutatha kudya mwachangu).
• Kudutsa hyperglycemia.

Kuthekera kopatula zinthu ngati izi kumachitika chifukwa chakuti hyperglycemia yotsatira ndi yachiwiri. Amachita ngati chizindikiro. Chifukwa chake, kuthetsa matenda omwe amayambitsa, ndizotheka kukwaniritsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Ngati kuphwanya kumawonedwa m'thupi kwanthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti izi zimapereka chifukwa chofufuzira matenda monga matenda a shuga. Pankhaniyi, zimachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a kayendedwe ka thupi mu thupi.

Zizindikiro za matendawa

Kuwonetseredwa kwamankhwala kumatenda kumadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwapang'onopang'ono muzizindikiro zakutsogolo. Matenda a shuga sakonda kuthamanga pamagetsi, amayamba pang'onopang'ono.

Kukhazikika kwa matendawa kumadziwika ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• kamwa yowuma
• ludzu losalekeza lomwe silingakhutitsidwe
• kukodza kwambiri,
• kuwonda mwadzidzidzi kapena kunenepa kwambiri,
• kuyabwa ndi khungu louma
• kapangidwe kazinthu kakang'ono pakhungu,
• kuchiritsa kwamabala
• kufooka kwa minofu
• kutopa,
• kutuluka thukuta kwambiri.

Nthawi zambiri, madandaulo amenewa ndi mabelu oyamba kumayambiriro kwa matenda ashuga. Ngati zizindikiro zotere zikuwoneka, tikulimbikitsidwa kulumikizana nthawi yomweyo ndi endocrinologist.

Pamene matendawa akuchulukirachulukira, zinthu zitha kuchitika zomwe zimawononga ntchito ya ziwalo zamkati. Ndi chitukuko chovuta cha matendawa, ngakhale kuphwanya kwa chikumbumtima ndi poizoni kwambiri komanso kulephera kwamankhwala ambiri kumawonedwa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa

Kodi matenda ashuga ndi chiani? Zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha matendawa ndizosiyanasiyana.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga ndi izi:

• Zochokera pamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nthawi yomweyo zinthu zina sizimachitika.
• Kulemera.
• Njira zingapo za pathological mu thupi zomwe zimathandizira kugonjetsedwa kwa mapuloteni a beta. Zotsatira zake, kupanga kwa insulin mthupi kumasokonekera.
• A chotupa cha kapamba, kapamba, matenda am'mimba a endocrine tiziwukitsa.
• Matenda opatsirana, mwachitsanzo, amawononga thupi ndi rubella, pox, hepatitis komanso ngakhale chimfine. Matendawa amatha kukhala ngati choyambitsa chitukuko, makamaka mwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo.
• Kupsinjika kwa mantha. Matenda a kupsinjika amakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a kapamba.

Kodi zaka zimafunikira

Kodi zaka zapaulendo zimathandizira pakukula kwa matenda monga matenda ashuga? Modabwitsa, yankho lake ndi labwino. Asayansi azindikira kuti zaka khumi zilizonse, chiopsezo chowonongeka ndi matenda chimadutsa kawiri. Komanso, matenda a shuga amatha kupezekanso ngakhale mu makanda.

Chifukwa chiyani pali mitundu iwiri yamatenda

Kusiyanaku ndikofunikira, chifukwa mankhwalawa amasankhidwa mwanjira imodzi.

Ukapitilira wa shuga kwa nthawi yayitali ukapitirira, kusiyanitsa kocheperako ndiko kugawa pang'ono. Ndi nthawi yayitali, chithandizo chomwecho chizichitika mosasamala zomwe zimayambitsa matenda.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga

Mtunduwu umayambitsa kusowa kwa insulin. Nthawi zambiri, matenda amtunduwu amakhudza anthu osakwana zaka 40 omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo. Pofuna kuletsa matendawa, insulin ndiyofunikira. Cholinga chake ndikuti thupi limatulutsa ma antibodies omwe amawononga ma cell a pancreatic.

Pamaso pa matenda a shuga 1, kuchira kwathunthu sikungatheke, ngakhale kuli kwina komwe kumakhala kubwezeretsedwa kwathunthu kwa ntchito ya pancreatic. Koma dziko lino limatheka pokhapokha ngati mukudya zakudya zina pogwiritsa ntchito zachilengedwe.

Kuti thupi likhalebe lolimba pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo a insulin, omwe amaperekedwa ndi intramuscularly. Popeza insulin imakonda kuwonongeka m'matumbo am'mimba, kumwa mankhwala ngati mapiritsi sikothandiza. Hormoni imayendetsedwa ndi chakudya. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kutsatira zakudya zinazake. Zogulitsa zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga ndi chakudya zamafuta sizimaphatikizidwa kwathunthu pazakudya.

Type 2 shuga

Chifukwa chiyani shuga amatuluka? Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawo sizosowa insulini. Nthawi zambiri, matenda oterewa amakhudza anthu patatha zaka 40 omwe amakonda kwambiri kunenepa. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo azitha kuzindikira insulin chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa michere mthupi.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin ya mahomoni sikugwira ntchito kwa wodwala aliyense. Ndi dokotala yekhayo amene angasankhe njira yoyenera ya mankhwala ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, dziwani mtundu wa mahomoni tsiku ndi tsiku.

Choyamba, odwala oterewa amafunsidwa kuti awonenso zakudya zawo ndikutsatira zakudya zawo. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira mosamalitsa zomwe dokotala akutsimikiza. Amalangizidwa kuti muchepetse thupi pang'ono (makilogalamu atatu pamwezi). Kulemera kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa kwa moyo wonse, osalola kuti ziwonjezeke.

Ngati zakudya sizikuthandizani, mankhwala apadera amalembedwa kuti achepetse shuga, ndipo pokhapokha pochita kwambiri insulin amagwiritsa ntchito insulin.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a m'magazi zomwe zimayambitsa mthupi ndi insulin yambiri

Mokulirapo shuga wamagazi ndi matendawo omwewo, kumawonekera kwambiri. Zotsatira za matenda ashuga zitha kukhala zowopsa.

Njira zotsatirazi zam'magazi zimakhazikitsidwa kuti zimasule shuga wambiri ndi thupi:

• Glucose amasinthidwa kukhala mafuta, zomwe zimabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri.
• Glycolization wa mapuloteni am'mimba am'mimba amachitika, zomwe zimayambitsa kuphwanya magwiridwe antchito onse mthupi la munthu.
• Njira yotulutsira shuga ya sorbitol imayatsidwa. Mchitidwewu umayambitsa mawonekedwe a poizoni omwe amawononga ma cell amitsempha. Ndiye maziko a matenda a shuga.
• Zida zazing'ono komanso zazikulu zimakhudzidwa, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta a cholesterol panthawi ya glycosylation ya mapuloteni. Zotsatira zake, njirayi imayambitsa matenda ashuga a mkati ndi m'maso, komanso angiopathy yam'munsi.

Kutengera ndi zomwe tafotokozazi, titha kunena kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumapangitsa kuti ziwalo zamkati zilowe m'magazi a dongosolo limodzi.

Zizindikiro za Matenda Ati Aakulu

• kuwonongeka kowoneka,
• migraines ndi zina magwiridwe antchito amanjenje,
• kupweteka mumtima,
• kukulitsa chiwindi
• kupweteka ndi dzanzi m'zigawo zotsikirapo,
• kuchepa kwa khungu kumapazi,
• ochepa matenda oopsa
• Fungo la acetone kuchokera kwa wodwala,
• kulephera kudziwa.

Kuwoneka kwa zizindikiro zowoneka bwino za matenda ashuga kuyenera kukhala chizindikiro cha alamu. Mawonekedwe oterewa akuwonetsa kukula kwamatenda ndikuwongolera kwake kosakwanira kudzera mu mankhwala.

Mavuto a shuga

Matendawa pawokha sichiwopseza moyo wa munthu. Choopsa chachikulu ndizovuta zake. Tiyenera kuzindikira ena a iwo. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda ashuga.

Choyipa chachikulu ndikutaya chikumbumtima kapena kulowererapo kwa wodwalayo. Wodwala wotere amayenera kugonekedwa m'chipatala nthawi yomweyo.

Vuto lalikulu la anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndi ketoacidotic. Zimayambitsidwa ndi kudziunjikira kwa poizoni m'zinthu za metabolic zomwe zimawononga maselo amitsempha. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha chikomokere ndi kununkhira kwa acetone mukapuma. Kuzindikira mu mkhalidwe uno kumadetsedwa, wodwalayo amakutidwa thukuta lalikulu. Poterepa, pali kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa shuga m'magazi, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha insulin yambiri. Mitundu ina ya kukomoka ndiyosowa kwambiri.

Kufatsa kumatha kukhala konkuno komanso kokwanira. Chizindikiro ichi ndi chisonyezo cha vuto laimpso. Ngati edema imadziwika ndi asymmetry, ndipo imafalikira pa mwendo umodzi kapena phazi, ndiye kuti njirayi ndi umboni wa diabetesic microangiopathy yam'munsi yotsika yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi neuropathy.

Kupsyinjika kwa ma systolic ndi diastolic kumawonetseranso kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga. Ndikothekanso kuwona momwe zinthu ziliri m'njira ziwiri. Poyambirira, chidwi chimakokera ku chizindikiro cha kukakamizidwa kwathunthu. Kuchulukaku kukuwonetsa njira yodwala ya matenda ashuga nephropathy. Ndi kuphatikizika uku, impso zimatulutsa zinthu zomwe zimawonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Komabe, kutsika kwa zotengera mu ziwiya ndi malekezero ochepa kumadziwika. Njirayi imatsimikiziridwa panthawi yopanga mawu. Zikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa angiopathy am'munsi.

Kupweteka m'miyendo ndichizindikiro cha kukula kwa matenda ashuga angio-kapena neuropathy. Microangiopathy imadziwika ndi ululu panthawi yolimbitsa thupi komanso kuyenda.

Maonekedwe a ululu usiku amawonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga a m'mimba. Monga lamulo, izi zimadziwika ndi dzanzi ndi kuchepa kwa chidwi. Odwala ena amatha kumva kutentha kwapadera m'malo ena mwendo kapena phazi.

Zilonda za trophic ndi gawo lotsatira la matenda ashuga angio- ndi neuropathy pambuyo ululu. Maonekedwe a mabala amasiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pa milandu iliyonse, njira za chithandizo cha munthu aliyense zimaperekedwa. Panthawi yovuta, zizindikiro zazing'ono kwambiri ziyenera kukumbukiridwa, chifukwa zimatengera ngati dzanja la wodwalayo lasungidwa.

Zilonda zam'mimba za Neuropathic zimayambitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa chidwi cha mapazi motsutsana ndi maziko a neuropathy omwe ali ndi vuto la kumapazi.Pa nsonga zazikulu zakukangana m'malo a mafupa a protrusion chimanga chimapangidwa chomwe sichimva odwala. Hematomas amadzuka pansi pawo, momwe mafinya amasonkhana mtsogolo. Phazi limayamba kusokoneza munthu pokhapokha kutupa ndi mawonekedwe a zilonda zake.

Gangrene nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha matenda ashuga angiopathy. Pankhaniyi, sitima zazing'ono komanso zazikulu zimakhudzidwa. Nthawi zambiri njirayi imakhala pamalo amalo chala chimodzi. Ngati magazi amasokonezeka, kupweteka kowoneka bwino kumapazi, ndiye kuti redness imachitika. Popita nthawi, khungu limakhala kuti limawala, limayamba kuzizira komanso kutupa, kenako limakutidwa ndi matuza okhala ndi mitambo komanso khungu lakuda necrosis.

Kusintha kotereku sikuchiritsidwa. Pankhaniyi, kudula kukuwonetsedwa. Mulingo woyenera kwambiri ndi dera la shin.

Momwe mungapewere kukula kwa zovuta

Kupewa kwa zovuta kumakhazikitsidwa pakuzindikira matendawa ndi chithandizo chake choyenera. Dokotala ayenera kukonzekera chithandizo choyenera, ndipo wodwalayo ayenera kutsatira malangizo mosamalitsa.

Zomwe zili m'munsi kwambiri m'matenda a shuga zimafuna chisamaliro choyenera tsiku lililonse. Ngati zowonongeka zikapezeka, pitani kuchipatala msanga.

Pomaliza

Ndiye, shuga ndi chiyani? Matendawa ndi kuphwanya kwamphamvu thupi.

Kuchiritsa kwathunthu ndikosatheka. Chosiyana ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Poletsa izi, zakudya zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chiopsezo chobwererenso kumatenda omwe amaphwanya regimen ndiwokwera kwambiri.

Tsiku labwino, abwenzi okondedwa! Potengera mankhwala athu komanso kupezeka kwa intaneti, tikuyenera kuthana ndi mavuto ambiri patokha. Kuti musasokonezeke ndi kuchuluka kwazidziwitso, ndikupatsani gwero lodalirika komanso lolondola kuchokera kwa katswiri.

Tiyeni tikambirane za zizindikiro zoyambirira za shuga mwa akulu, zomwe ndi mawonetseredwe oyamba pakhungu ndi ziwalo zina za matenda atangoyamba kumene. Ndikukhulupirira kuti mukawerenga nkhaniyi mudzalandira mayankho athunthu a mafunso anu.

Momwe mungazindikire zoyamba za matenda ashuga

Zizindikiro zoyambira matenda ashuga zimatha kuchitika pa nthawi iliyonse. Ndikothekanso kuzindikira ndikuyamba kulandira chithandizo chanthawi pokhapokha podziwa matendawo. Ndikukhulupirira kuti mukudziwa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda ashuga, mwachitsanzo, matenda ashuga a achinyamata komanso matenda a shuga kapena achikulire. Mankhwala, amagawika kawiri m'mitundu iwiri. Koma pali mitundu yambiri kuposa momwe mukuganizira.

Ndipo ngakhale zoyambitsa zamitundu iyi za shuga ndizosiyana, mawonetsedwe oyambilira ndi ofanana ndipo amagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochita za milingo yamagazi yokwera. Pali kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu komwe kumachitika mwa mtundu 1 kapena mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga, kuopsa, koma zizindikiro zazikulu ndizofanana.

Type 2 shuga , omwe nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha insulin, amatha kukhala asymptomatic kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuperewera kwa mtunduwu wa insulin kumayamba chifukwa cha kufooka kwa ziphuphu, chiwonetsero cha matenda ashuga chimayamba kutchulidwa, chomwe chimakakamiza munthu kuti afunefune kuchipatala.

Koma pofika pano, mwatsoka, zovuta zazikulu zam'mimba, nthawi zina zosasinthika, zayamba kale. Phunzirani kupewa zovuta munthawi yake.

Mumva ludzu komanso kukodza pafupipafupi

Anthu amayamba kudandaula zauma komanso kukoma kwazitsulo mkamwa mwawo, komanso ludzu. Amatha kumwa malita atatu amadzimadzi patsiku. Chimodzi mwazizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda a shuga zimadziwika kuti ndi kukodza pafupipafupi, komwe kumatha kukula usiku.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda ashuga zikugwirizana ndi chiyani? Chowonadi ndi chakuti pamene misempha ya magazi imapitilira pafupifupi mamililita 10, ndiye (shuga) imayamba kulowa mkodzo, ndikumatenga madzi nawo. Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo akodza mkodzo pafupipafupi, thupi limakhala wopanda madzi, ndipo zimafuma ndi ziwalo za m'mimba ndi ludzu zimawonekera. Nkhani yapadera - Ndikupangira kuwerenga.

Kulakalaka maswiti ngati chizindikiro

Anthu ena ali ndi chidwi chambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amafuna chakudya yambiri. Pali zifukwa ziwiri.

• Chifukwa choyamba ndi kuchuluka kwa insulini (mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga), womwe umakhudza mwachindunji chakudya, umakulitsa.
• Chifukwa chachiwiri ndi "njala" ya maselo. Popeza glucose wa thupi ndiye gwero lalikulu lamphamvu, pomwe sililowa mu khungu, lomwe limatheka zonse ndi kuchepa komanso osazindikira insulini, njala imapangidwa pang'onopang'ono.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga pakhungu (chithunzi)

Chizindikiro chotsatira kuchokera ku matenda ashuga, omwe amawoneka ngati oyamba, ndikuyamba kuyamwa pakhungu, makamaka perineum. Munthu wodwala matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri amatha kutenga matenda opatsirana khungu: furunculosis, fungal matenda.

Madokotala afotokoza mitundu yopitilira 30 ya ma dermatoses omwe amatha kuchitika ndi matenda a shuga. Zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:

• Poyamba - chifukwa cha zovuta za metabolic (xanthomatosis, necrobiosis, matuza a matenda ashuga komanso ma dermatopathies, ndi zina zambiri).
• Chachiwiri - ndi kuwonjezera kwa kachilombo ka bacteria kapena fungal
• Zovuta za pakhungu pakumwa mankhwala, i.e.

Dermatopathy ya matenda ashuga - mawonekedwe owoneka pakhungu kwambiri m'matumbo a shuga, omwe amawonetsedwa ndi ma papulo kutsogolo kwa mwendo wakumbuyo, amakhala ndi bulauni komanso 5-12 mm kukula kwake. Popita nthawi, amasintha kukhala mawanga atrophic omwe amatha kuzimiririka popanda kutsatira. Mankhwalawa sikuchitika. Chithunzichi pansipa chikuwonetsa zizindikiro za matenda osokoneza bongo pakhungu la dermopathy.

Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga kapena pemphigus imachitika kawirikawiri, monga mawonekedwe a shuga pakhungu. Zimachitika mosawerengeka komanso popanda kufiyanso red pa zala, manja ndi mapazi. Mibulu imabwera mosiyanasiyana, madziwo ndi omveka bwino, osati omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Nthawi zambiri kuchira popanda kuvulala pambuyo masabata 2-4. Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa chitsanzo cha chikhodzodzo cha matenda ashuga.

Xanthoma kumachitika ndikuphwanya matenda a lipid metabolism, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda ashuga. Mwa njira, gawo lalikulu limaseweredwa ndi okwera triglycerides, osati cholesterol, monga ena amakhulupirira. Pamalo opindika a miyendo, zikwangwani zachikaso zimapezekanso, kuwonjezera pamenepo, malembawo amatha kupanga pankhope, khosi ndi khungu la chifuwa.

Lipoid necrobiosis sizipezeka ngati chizindikiro cha matenda osokoneza bongo pakhungu. Amadziwika ndi cholimba lipid kuwonongeka kwa collagen. Nthawi zambiri kumachitika ndi matenda amtundu 1 shuga nthawi isanayambike. Matendawa amatha kuchitika zaka zilizonse, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala wazaka 15 mpaka 40, ndipo makamaka mwa akazi.

Zilonda zazikulu pakhungu la miyendo zimawonedwa. Imayamba ndi ma pinki amtundu wa pinki, omwe kenako amakula kukhala ozungulira, otanthauzira momveka bwino malo opangira ma atrophic. gawo lapakati limatenthedwa pang'ono, ndipo m'mphepete limakwera pamwamba khungu labwino. Pamwamba pake pali posalala, titha kupindika. Nthawi zina zilonda zimapezeka pakati, zomwe zimatha kupweteka.

Palibe kuchira pakadali pano. Zodzola mafuta zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma cellcirculation ndi lipid agwiritsidwe ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, kuyambitsidwa kwa corticosteroids, insulin kapena heparin m'malo omwe akhudzidwa kumathandiza. Nthawi zina mankhwala a laser amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Khungu loyera , komanso neurodermatitis imatha kuchitika isanayambike matenda ashuga. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti zimatha kutenga miyezi iwiri mpaka zaka 7. Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ndi matenda ashuga owoneka bwino, kuyabwa pakhungu kumakhala kofala, koma kunakhala kovutirapo kwambiri komanso kosalekeza ndi mtundu wamtundu wa shuga.

Nthawi zambiri, amapinda m'mimba, inguinal madera, ulnar fossa ndi intergluteal patsekeke. Kuyabwa nthawi zambiri kumodzi.

Zilonda za pakhungu la shuga

Candidiasis, thrush wamba, ndi vuto lodziwika bwino mu matenda ashuga, chizindikiro chowopseza chikhoza kunenedwa. Nthawi zambiri khungu limakhudzidwa ndi bowa wamtunduwu Candidama albicans. Amapezeka kwambiri mwa okalamba komanso odwala kwambiri. Amayikidwira pakhungu lalikulu, pakati pa zala ndi zala zakumaso, pakamwa ndi pakamwa.

Choyamba, chingwe choyera cha chopanda chopindika chikuwonekera m'mimba, kenako kuwoneka ngati ming'alu ndi kukokoloka kumawonjezeredwa. Kukokoloka kumakhala kosalala pakatikati pa mtundu wofiirira, ndi mkombero woyera kuzungulira mzere. Posachedwa, pafupi ndi cholinga chachikulu, zomwe zimatchedwa "zojambula" zimawoneka ngati mapangidwe ndi mabulosi. Amasinthana ndikusandukira kukokoloka, omwe amakonda kuphatikizika.

Kutsimikizira kwa matendawa ndikosavuta - kuyikira kwa candidiasis, komanso kutsimikiza kowoneka kwa bowa panthawi ya mayeso a microcopic. Chithandizo chimakhala pochiza madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa kapena madzi amadzimadzi a methylene buluu, wobiriwira wanzeru, Castellani madzi ndi mafuta okhala ndi boric acid.

Mankhwala onunkhira a antimycotic komanso kukonzekera kwa pakamwa amalembanso. Chithandizo chimapitirirabe mpaka malo osinthidwawo atazimiririka komanso kwa sabata lina kuphatikiza zotsatirazo.

Kusintha kwa thupi

Mwa zina mwa matenda a shuga mungakhale kuchepa thupi, kapena, mutero, kuwonda. Kuchepetsa thupi kwambiri komanso kosasinthika kumachitika ngati pali insulin yokwanira, yomwe imachitika ndi matenda a shuga 1.

Ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu 2, insulini yake imakhala yokwanira ndipo munthu amangowonda m'kupita kwa nthawi, chifukwa insulin imachita mbali ya anabolic mahomoni, omwe amachititsa kuti mafuta asungidwe kwambiri.

Matenda Aakulu Odwala Matenda a shuga

Pokhudzana ndi kuphwanya kagayidwe kazakudya, munthu amakhala ndi kutopa kosalekeza. Kuchepetsa magwiridwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kufa kwa maselo, komanso kupha mphamvu kwa shuga wambiri m'thupi.

Izi ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira za shuga zomwe zilipo, ndipo nthawi zina zilibe kanthu kuti ndi mtundu wanji wa matenda ashuga. Kusiyanaku kudzangokhala kuwonjezeka kwa zizindikirozi ndi kuuma. Momwe muyenera kuchitira, werengani m'nkhani zotsatirazi.

Ndi chisangalalo ndi chisamaliro, endocrinologist Lebedeva Dilyara Ilgizovna

Matenda a shuga a shuga (shuga mellitus, matenda a shuga) ndi matenda am'thupi la endocrine, momwe zimamitsa kagayidwe kachakudya ndi madzi mthupi zimasokonekera.

Zakudya zomanga thupi sizimamwa mokwanira ndi thupi chifukwa cha chakudya chifukwa cha kupindika kwa pancreatic. Chifukwa chosakwanira kuchuluka kwa insulin ya ma cell ndi chitsulo, ma carbohydrate omwe thupi limapanga mu glucose samamwa, koma amadziunjikira m'magazi akuluakulu ndikutulutsa impso kulowa mkodzo. Pamodzi ndi izi, kagayidwe kamadzi kamasokonezedwa, chifukwa chake, minofu singathe kugwira madzi ndikuwuma, ndipo madzi osamwa amatulutsidwa kwambiri ndi impso.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amadwala mafuta osokoneza thupi komanso mapuloteni. Zotsatira zake, zinthu zapoizoni zimadziunjikira m'thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto limodzi - matenda ashuga, omwe amadziwika kuti amadzipweteka okha m'thupi. Chithandizo cha odwala odwala matenda ashuga chikuyenera kuchitika moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala. Choyamba, zakudya zimayikidwa poganizira zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a metabolic m'thupi, komanso insulin, ngati ikufunika.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa matenda a shuga amatha kukhala chakudya chopatsa thanzi (maswiti ochulukirapo), cholowa chamtsogolo, zokumana nazo za m'mimba, kupsinjika, zovuta pantchito komanso malo okhala, chifukwa chodwala (matenda oopsa, vuto la matenda oopsa, etc.) d.

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ali ndi zaka zopitilira 40, koma matendawa amatha kuchitika ali aang'ono. Nthawi zambiri matenda ashuga kwakanthawi sichisonyeza chilichonse. Nthawi zina, kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga kumatsimikiziridwa ngati dokotala amachiza matenda ena. Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga ndizosiyana ndi matenda amtundu wa shuga wa Type I komanso mtundu II. Koma pali zizindikiro zingapo zomwe zimayambira mitundu iwiri ya matenda ashuga, kuopsa kwake komwe kumatengera kutalika kwa matendawa, kuchuluka kwa insulini ndi gland, komanso machitidwe a munthu.

Zizindikiro ndi matenda a shuga

Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakhala:

* “nkhandwe”

* pakamwa pouma kosalekeza

* kukodza pafupipafupi usiku,

Kutulutsidwa kwa shuga wambiri wokhala ndi mkodzo,

* kuchuluka kwa magazi,

* nthawi zina kufooka, kuchepa mphamvu, kutopa,

* kunenepa kwambiri kapena kuperewera kopanda pake,

Talawani mkamwa mwa chitsulo,

* masomphenya osalala, masomphenya osalala,

* kuchiritsa bwino mabala, mabala, zilonda,

* kuyabwa pakhungu, makamaka m'mathonje, kumaliseche komanso matenda apakhungu nthawi zonse.

* matenda okhalitsa akazi mwa akazi,

* matenda oyamba ndi fungus mu azimayi ndi abambo,

* nseru, kapena kusanza,

* khungu lowuma,

M'mimba mwake,

* dzanzi, miyendo, mikono.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga 1 kuphatikiza ludzu, pakamwa pouma, kukoka pafupipafupi, kuchepa thupi msanga, ngakhale mutakhala ndi zakudya, kutopa, kufooka, kusokonekera, kusanza komanso kusanza, kugona mosalekeza, kusawona bwino, kuchepa thupi.

Chizindikiro chachiwiri cha matenda a shuga 1 ndicho: kupweteka mtima, kukokana kapena kupweteka m'misempha ya ng'ombe, kuyabwa pakhungu, furunculosis, kugona tulo, mutu, kusokonekera.

Ana akuwonetsa zizindikiro za matenda amtundu woyamba wa shuga ngati kugona kwamikodzo kugona usiku, makamaka ngati izi sizinachitike. Nthawi zambiri, matenda amtundu wa 1 amakula msanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale lowonda kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo amatha kudziwa molondola kuyambika kwa matenda a shuga 1.

Mtundu wa shuga wa I, pamakhala nthawi zina momwe shuga ya magazi imakha kwambiri kapena yotsika kwambiri. Mkhalidwe uliwonse umafunikira chisamaliro chamankhwala mwachangu.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a 2 dzanzi ndi kupsinjika kwa miyendo, kukokana, kupweteka kwa m'miyendo, dzanzi la manja, ludzu losatha, maso osasinthika, kuyabwa, matenda amkhungu, kuchiritsa bwino bala, kugona. Amuna ndi zina Komanso, ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, tsitsi kumiyendo limatsika, kukula kwa tsitsi kumalimbikitsidwa, kakulidwe kakang'ono kachikasu kotchedwa xanthomas kakuwoneka m'thupi. Balanoposthitis kapena kutukusira kwa khungu limathanso kukhala chimodzi mwazizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga, omwe amagwirizana ndi kukodza pafupipafupi.

Zizindikiro za mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, m'malo mwake, sizimawoneka nthawi yomweyo ndipo sizitchulidwa kwambiri. Pali zochitika zina kuti matendawa ndi aulesi ndipo zimapangitsa kuti adziwe kuti ali ndi matendawa. Zikatero, matenda a shuga amapezeka mwamwayi, pambuyo poyesa mkodzo komanso kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga. Nthendayi imadziwoneka ngati munthu wamkulu komanso nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi.

Dziwani dokotala mwachangu ndi zizindikiro izi:

- kufooka, kusanza ndi ludzu lalikulu, kukodza pafupipafupi, kupweteka m'mimba, kupuma mozama komanso mwachangu kuposa momwe akumvera, kupuma kofulumira kwa fungo la acetone (pamakhala zovuta zina),

- pali kufooka kapena magawo omwe amachititsa kuti munthu asamadziwe, kumva kuthamanga mtima, kuseka thukuta kwambiri, kunjenjemera, kusakwiya, njala kapena kugona tulo. Nthawi yomweyo, muyenera kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi kuti muchepetse zovuta zazikulu.

Kuti mudziwe mtundu woyenera wa matenda ashuga, muyenera kuyesa:

Chikhalidwe cha kusala kudya kwa magazi ndi 6.5 mmol / L, owonjezera ndiopitilira 6.5 mmol / L, atatha kudya ndiwo 7.5 mmol / L, ndipo woposa 7.5 mmol / L ndiye owonjezera.

Mafuta mumkodzo samapezeka kawirikawiri, chifukwa impso zimasungidwa ndikusunga shuga.Ndipo shuga wambiri m'magazi (8.8-9,9 mmol / l), fyuluta yomwe ili mu impso imadutsa shuga kulowa mkodzo, i.e. omwe amatchedwa "cholowa cha impso" adapitilira.

Popeza kuchuluka kwa malire muzochokera kosiyanasiyana kumasinthasintha, titha kuchita kuyesedwa kwa kutsimikiza kwamatenda :

1 - Dziwani pamimba yopanda mulingo wa shuga m'magazi.

2 - Chotseka 75 ga shuga wa mphesa mu 300 ml ya madzi owiritsa ndi chakumwa.

3 - Pakatha mphindi 60, yeretsani kuchuluka kwa shuga.

4 - Ndipo pakatha mphindi 120 kachiwiri, yeretsaninso kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Zotsatira zoyesedwa zimawonedwa ngati zopanda pake, i.e. osatsimikizika kuti wapezeka ndi matenda ashuga, ngati pamimba yopanda kanthu, magazi a magazi ndi ochepera 6.5 mmol / l, ndipo pambuyo pa mphindi 120 amakhala ochepera 7.7 mmol / l. Ngati pamimba yopanda kanthu, shuga amaposa 6.6 mmol / L, ndipo atatha maola 2 oposa 11.1 mmol / L, zotsatira zake zimatsimikizira matenda a shuga. Ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kufunsa dokotala!

Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin kwenikweni kapena wachibale ndipo amadziwika ndi kagayidwe kakang'ono ka mafuta m'thupi ndi mkodzo, komanso zovuta zina za metabolic.

Mbiri ya matenda ashuga

Zambiri zalembedwa zokhudza matenda ashuga, malingaliro a olemba osiyanasiyana amasiyana ndipo nkovuta kutchula masiku ena. Zambiri zokhudzana ndi matendawa zidawonekera m'zaka za m'ma 2000 BC. Zikuwoneka kuti, madotolo a ku Egypt wakale, komanso, asing'anga aku Greece, adamudziwa. Roma, wakale Europe ndi mayiko akum'mawa. Anthu amatha kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga, koma zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa sizikudziwika, anayesa kupeza mtundu wina wa chithandizo cha matenda ashuga, koma zotsatira zake sizinaphule kanthu ndipo omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amayenera kufa.

Mawu akuti "matenda ashuga" adayamba kupangidwa ndi sing'anga waku Roma dzina lake Arethius, yemwe adakhala m'zaka za zana lachi AD. Adafotokozeranso matendawa motere: "Matenda a shuga ndiwosautsa kwambiri, siofala pakati pa amuna, kusungunula thupi ndi miyendo mkodzo. Odwala, osaleka, amatulutsa madzi mumtsinje wopitilira, monga kudzera m'mapaipi amadzi otseguka. Moyo ndi wamfupi, wosasangalatsa komanso wopweteka, ludzu ndilosakhutira, kudya kwamadzi ndikochulukirapo ndipo sikogwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwamkodzo chifukwa cha shuga wamkulu. Palibe chomwe chingawalepheretse kuthilira kwamadzi ndi mkodzo. Ngati akana kumwa madzi kwakanthawi, milomo yawo imayamba kuwuma, khungu lawo ndi nembanemba zimafota. "Odwala amakumana ndi mseru, amasokonezeka, ndipo amafa kwakanthawi kochepa."

M'masiku amenewo, matendawa amapezeka ndi zizindikiro zake zakunja. Chithandizo chake chimadalira kuuma kwa matendawo komanso zaka za wodwalayo. Ngati wodwalayo anali mwana kapena wachichepere ndi (wodwala matenda a shuga a mellitus kapena mtundu 1) IDDM. Kenako anali atangomwalira kumene chifukwa cha matenda a matenda ashuga. Ngati matendawa adayamba kudwala zaka 40 mpaka 40 ndi kupitirira (malinga ndi gulu lamakono, ndiye kuti odwala matenda ashuga osadalira insulin (NIDDM) kapena matenda a shuga 2, ndiye kuti wodwalayo amathandizidwa. Kapena m'malo mwake, adathandizira moyo mwa izi kudzera pakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso mankhwala azitsamba.

Matenda a shuga, omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki kuti "diabaino," amatanthauza "kudutsa."

Mu 1776 Dokotala wa ku England Dobson (1731-1784) adapeza kuti kutsekemera kwa mkodzo wa wodwala kumalumikizidwa ndi kupezeka kwa shuga mkati mwake, ndipo kuyambira tsiku lomweli matenda ashuga, adayamba kutchedwa shuga mellitus.

Kuyambira 1796 madokotala adayamba kunena kuti zakudya zapadera za odwala matenda ashuga zikufunika. Chakudya chapadera chinaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe gawo lina la chakudya limasinthidwa ndi mafuta. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zinayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo cha matenda ashuga.
Mu 1841 njira yotsimikizira shuga mumkodzo idapangidwa koyamba. Kenako anaphunzira momwe angadziwire kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Mu 1921 adakwanitsa kupeza insulin yoyamba.
Mu 1922 insulin idagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza wodwalamatenda ashuga.
Mu 1956 Mphamvu za kukonzekera kwina kwa sulfanylurea zomwe zingalimbikitse katulutsidwe wa insulin zaphunziridwa.
Mu 1960 kapangidwe ka mankhwala a insulin yaumunthu adakhazikitsidwa.
Mu 1979 kuphatikiza kwathunthu kwa insulin yaumunthu pomapangira ma genetic kunachitika.

Gulu la odwala matenda a shuga

Matenda a shuga. Matendawa amayambitsidwa ndi kuperewera kwathunthu kapena wachibale wa antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) ndipo amadziwika ndi kukodza kwambiri (polyuria) komanso mawonekedwe a ludzu (polydipsia).

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe amadziwika ndi matenda a metabolic, makamaka chakudya chamagulu (monga glucose), komanso mafuta. Pofupikitsa mapuloteni.

Matenda a shuga amtunduwu amayanjana ndi kuchepa kwa insulin, ndichifukwa chake amatchedwa insulin-wate (IDDM). Pancreas yowonongeka sangathe kuthana ndi ntchito zake: siyipanga insulini konse, kapena imatulutsa yaying'ono kwambiri kotero kuti singathe kukonzanso ngakhale shuga yaying'ono yaying'ono yomwe ikubwera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Odwala amatha kukhala a zaka zilizonse, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zaka 30, amakhala ocheperako ndipo, monga lamulo, zindikirani kuwonekera kwadzidzidzi kwa zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtunduwu amayenera kupatsanso insulin kuti ateteze hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis (matupi ambiri a ketone mumkodzo) ndikukhalabe ndi moyo.

Matenda a shuga amtunduwu amatchedwa Insulin Independent (NIDDM), chifukwa amapanga insulin yokwanira, nthawi zina ngakhale yochuluka, koma imatha kukhala yopanda ntchito chifukwa minyewa imatha kuzindikira nayo.

Kuzindikira kumeneku kumachitika nthawi zambiri kwa odwala azaka zopitilira 30. Amanenepa kwambiri komanso ali ndi zizindikiro zochepa zapamwamba. Samakonda ketoacidosis, kupatula nthawi yovuta. Sizodalira insulin yakunja. Mankhwala, mapiritsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amachepetsa kukana (kwa) ma cell ku insulini kapena mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti kapamba azigwira insulin.

• Matenda a shuga

Kutsatira kwa glucose kumachitika kapena kumapezeka pakakhala pakati.

• Mitundu ina ya matenda ashuga komanso kuloleza glucose:

• matenda a kapamba (chifuwa chachikulu cha khansa, cystic fibrosis, hemochromatosis, kapamba),
• endocrinopathy (acromegaly, Cushing's syndrome, aldosteronism yoyamba, glucagon, pheochromocytoma),
• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mankhwala (mankhwala ena a antihypertensive, mankhwala a thiazide, glucocorticoids. Mankhwala okhala ndi estrogen. Psychotropic mankhwala, catecholomines).

• zovuta za insulin receptors,
• gennd syndromes (hyperlipidemia, minofu dystrophy, Huntington's chorea),
• machitidwe osakanikirana (kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi - "matenda a shuga".

Matenda a shuga

Neuropathy - kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yodutsa. Zowonongeka ndizotheka osati zotumphukira zokha, komanso zigawo zikuluzikulu za dongosolo lamanjenje. Odwala akhudzidwa:

• Kudzera
• Kumva za goosebumps
• Mwendo kukokana
• Ululu wam'mimbawa, kupuma kwambiri, kugona komanso kuchepera usiku,
• Kuchepa kapena kusowa kwa bondo,
• Kuchepetsa tactile komanso ululu kumva.

Njira zochizira odwala NIDDM

1. Zakudya ndizolimba kuposa IDDM. Zakudyazo zimatha kukhala zaulere nthawi, koma muyenera kupewa zakudya zokhala ndi shuga. Mafuta ndi cholesterol.
2. Zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi.
3. Kudya tsiku lililonse mankhwala ochepetsa shuga monga momwe dokotala amafotokozera.
4. Kuwongolera shuga m'magazi kangapo pa sabata, makamaka pa tsiku.

Njira zochizira odwala IDDM (mtundu 1 shuga)

1. Jakisoni wa insulin wa tsiku ndi tsiku.
2. Zakudya ndizosiyana kwambiri kuposa NIDDM, koma zoletsa zina zamitundu yazakudya. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumasinthidwa kukhala magawo a mkate (XE) ndipo kuyenera kufotokozedwa mosamalitsa, ndipo kadyedwe kamatsimikizira mtundu wa jakisoni wa insulin (i.e. nthawi ndi kuchuluka kwa jekeseni). Chakudyacho chingakhale choperewera kapena chowongolera.
3. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi konsekonse - kukhalabe kamvekedwe ka minofu ndi shuga m'magazi.
4. Magazi amawongolera katatu pa tsiku, pafupipafupi.
5. mkodzo wa shuga ndi kuwongolera mafuta m'thupi.

Kamapezeka hypoglycemia (kutsitsa shuga m'magazi), imatha kuthandizidwa mosadalira ndi wodwalayo. Pankhani ya hypoglycemia yofatsa, 15g ndikwanira. zopatsa mphamvu monga 120g. msuzi wa zipatso wosaphatikizidwa kapena chakumwa chosavuta chosamwa. Ndi zizindikiro zowopsa za hypoglycemia, 15-20 g iyenera kutengedwa mwachangu. chakudya chopatsa mphamvu ndipo pambuyo pake 15-20g. zovuta, monga makeke owuma kapena mkate. Odwala omwe sadziwa chilichonse sayenera kupatsidwa madzi akumwa! Pankhaniyi, magwero a shuga ochulukirapo (uchi, glucose gels, timitengo tating'onoting'ono) amatha kuyikika pambama kapena pansi pa lilime. Kapenanso, 1 mg ingathe kutumikiridwa intramuscularly. glucagon. Glucagon, chifukwa cha momwe imakhudzira chiwindi, mwanjira zina zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Pazipatala, kuthandizira kwa dextrose (D-50) kumakhala kotchipa kuposa glucagon, ndipo chifukwa chake kumapangitsa kuti mudzakhale ndi chikumbumtima mwachangu. Odwala ndi achibale ayenera kulangizidwa kuti apewe mankhwala osokoneza bongo a hypoglycemia, makamaka ofatsa.

Chithandizo cha zitsamba chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandiza mankhwala.

Kuunikira zomwe wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kukhala nazo.

Maluso awa ndi ofunika makamaka kwa odwala omwe akulandira insulin.

1. Muyenera kukhala ndi lingaliro la mtundu wa matenda anu ndi zomwe zingachitike.
2. Muyenera kumvetsetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya insulini (ya mtundu 1), mankhwala ochepetsa shuga (a mtundu 2), mankhwala omwe amateteza kumatenda osapiririka, mavitamini ndi michere.
3. Muyenera kutsatira bwino zakudya, jakisoni wa insulin kapena mapiritsi.
4. Muyenera kumvetsetsa momwe zinthu zimapangidwira, kudziwa zomwe zili ndi chakudya chamagulu ambiri, komanso zomanga thupi, zamafuta, ndi mafuta. Muyenera kudziwa kuthana ndi izi kapena zomwe zimapangitsanso shuga.
5. Muyenera kukonzekera bwino zochitika zolimbitsa thupi.
6. Muyenera kudziwa luso la kuwunika momwe shuga ikuyendera pang'onopang'ono ndi mizere yoyesera kuti mupeze shuga ndi mkodzo.
7. Muyenera kudziwa zovuta komanso zovuta zomwe zimadza ndi matenda ashuga.

1. Muziyang'anitsitsa mbali yakumapazi kwa mapazi.
2. Chizani kuvulala kwamapazi munthawi yake.
3. Sambani mapazi anu tsiku ndi tsiku ndi madzi ofunda ndikupukuta. Gwiritsani ntchito sopo wosalowerera, monga "mwana".
4. Dulani misomali yochepa kwambiri, osati pakamisili, koma mwachindunji, osadula komanso osazungulira makona amisomali, kuti musavulaze khungu ndi masamba. Kuti muchepetse kusamvana, gwiritsani ntchito fayilo ya msomali.
5. Valani nsapato zazitali, kuvala nsapato zatsopano mosamala kuti musavutike. Valani masokosi kapena masheya opangidwa ndi nsalu yotulutsa thukuta. M'malo mwa zinthu zopangidwa, gwiritsani ntchito thonje kapena ubweya. Musamavale masokosi ndi zotanuka zolimba zomwe zimasokoneza magazi.
6. Onani nsapato zamiyala, mchenga, ndi zina zambiri.
7. Tetezani mapazi anu kuti asawonongeke, amete, osayenda pamiyala, osayenda opanda nsapato.
8. Osagwiritsa ntchito phukusi lotenthetsera, zomatira, osakwera mapazi anu, koma asambitseni ndikusinthira chimanga m'madzi ofunda.
9. Gwiritsani ntchito zonona za phazi lanu tsiku ndi tsiku. Ikani zonona kumunsi kwa phazi, phatikizani ufa wa talcum m'malo ophatikizika.
10. Kugula nsapato madzulo (pofika madzulo phazi limatupa pang'ono), mutakonza kale pepala - ndikofunikira kuyiyika mu nsapato zomwe zidagulidwa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti m'mphepete mwake simukugwada.
11. Chidendene sichiyenera kupitirira 3-4 cm.
12. Osadzisilira.
13. Pitani ku ofesi ya odwala matenda ashuga.

Monga mukudziwa, anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudzipereka okha pazinthu zambiri. Onani mindandanda mwatsatanetsatane yazololedwa, zoyenera, ndi zoletsedwa. Koma ndizotheka kutsutsana ndi nkhaniyi, popeza kuti kutsatira kwambiri zakudyazo ndikofunikira ndi NIDDM chifukwa chakuti m'mthupi mumakhala kuchuluka kwa thupi, ndipo ndi IDDM, kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta kumakonzedwa ndi insulin.

Zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:

• Gulu 1 - izi ndi zinthu zomwe zitha kudyedwa popanda zoletsa. Izi zikuphatikiza: tomato, nkhaka, kabichi, nandolo wobiriwira (osaposa supuni zitatu), radara, radara, bowa watsopano kapena wowotedwa, biringanya, zukini, kaloti, amadyera, nyemba zobiriwira, sorelo, sipinachi. Mwa zakumwa zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito: zakumwa pa zotsekemera, madzi amchere, tiyi ndi khofi wopanda shuga ndi zonona (mutha kuwonjezera zotsekemera).
• Gawo lachiwiri - izi ndi zinthu zomwe zitha kuwonongedwa pang'ono. Izi ndi monga: nyama yankhuku ndi nkhuku yotsika mafuta, nsomba zonenepa kwambiri, soseji yophika kwambiri, zipatso (kupatula zipatso zomwe zili m'gulu 3), zipatso, mazira, mbatata, pasitala, mkaka ndi kefir wokhala ndi mafuta osaposa 2%, tchizi tchizi mafuta osaposa 4% ndipo makamaka popanda zowonjezera, mitundu yochepa yamafuta tchizi (zosakwana 30%), nandolo, nyemba, mphodza, mkate.
• Gawo lachitatu - zinthu zomwe ndizofunikira kuti azichotsa pakudya. Izi zikuphatikiza: nyama yamafuta, nkhuku, mafuta anyama, nsomba, nyama zosuta, soseji, mayonesi, margarine, zonona, mafuta amtundu tchizi ndi tchizi cha kanyumba, batala wamzitini, mtedza, mbewu, shuga, uchi, zinthu zonse zopezeka m'madzi ,, mphesa, nthochi, ma supimmons, masiku. Za zakumwa, ndizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito zakumwa za shuga, misuzi, zakumwa zoledzeretsa.

Matenda a shuga

Kukoka pafupipafupi ndi kuphatikiza (polyuria), ludzu (polydipsia), lomwe limasokoneza odwala usiku, kugona kosokoneza. Kuchuluka kwa mkodzo tsiku lililonse ndi malita 6-15. ndipo zambiri, mkodzo ndi wopepuka. Pali kusowa kwa chakudya, kuchepa thupi, kusokonekera, kugona, kutopa, khungu lowuma, kuchepa thukuta, kusokonekera kwamatumbo ntchito. Mwina chimbudzi cha ana mukukula kwakuthupi ndi kugonana. Mwa akazi, kusamba kumawonedwa, mwa amuna, kuchepa kwa potency.

Zomwe zimayambitsa zimatha kukhala matenda owopsa komanso otupa, zotupa, kuvulala, zotupa zam'mimba za hypothalamic-pituitary system. Mwa odwala ena, chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa sichikudziwika.

Kuteteza Matenda Akuluakulu a Shuga

Popewa matenda oyamba, njira zimathandizira kupewa matenda ashuga: kusintha kwa moyo ndi kuthetsa ziwopsezo za matenda a shuga, njira zodzitchinjiriza kwa anthu pawokha kapena m'magulu omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda amtsogolo.

Njira zazikulu zodzitetezera za NIDDM zimaphatikizapo zakudya zabwino za anthu akuluakulu, zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, kupewa kunenepa kwambiri komanso kuthandizira. M'pofunika kuchepetsa komanso osiyanitsa kwathunthu kuchokera ku zakudya zomwe zili ndi zopatsa mphamvu zamafuta (shuga woyengetsa, ndi zina) ndi zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta a nyama. Malamulowa amagwira ntchito makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha matendawa: cholowa cholowa poyerekeza ndi matenda a shuga, kunenepa kwambiri, matenda oopsa, komanso azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo m'mbuyomu pa nthawi yoyembekezera, kwa azimayi omwe adabereka mwana wosabadwa yemwe ali ndi thupi loposa 4500g. kapena kukhala ndi pathological mimba yotsatiridwa ndi kufa kwa fetal.

Tsoka ilo, kupewa matenda ashuga mu lingaliro lathunthu la mawu kulibe, koma njira zodziwonera za matenda opanga mankhwala akupangidwa bwino, mothandizidwa ndi izi ndizotheka kuzindikira matenda oyambitsidwa ndi matenda ashuga oyambilira motsutsana ndi maziko a thanzi lathunthu.