Mtundu 2 wa insulin

Type 2 shuga insulin ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri kuti musunge shuga wamagazi anu abwinobwino komanso mudziteteze ku zovuta. Ndizotheka kupatula ma jakisoni a mahomoni omwe amachepetsa shuga m'malo ochepa, koma osati ndi matenda oletsa kapena owopsa. Anthu ambiri odwala matenda ashuga amatenga nthawi okhala pamapiritsi ndikukhala ndi shuga wambiri. Jekeseni insulini kuti muchepetse shuga, apo ayi mabvutowo amadzayamba shuga. Amatha kukupangitsani kukhala olumala kapena kukupititsani kumanda m'mawa kwambiri. Kwa shuga okwanira 8.0 mmol / L ndipo pamwambapa, yambani kuchiza matenda a shuga 2 omwe ali ndi insulin nthawi yomweyo, monga tafotokozera pansipa.

Mtundu wa 2 wa insulin: nkhani yatsatanetsatane

Mvetsetsani kuti kuyamba kulandira chithandizo cha insulin sikuli tsoka kapena kutha kwa dziko. M'malo mwake, jakisoni adzakulitsa moyo wanu ndikuwongolera. Amateteza ku zovuta pa impso, miyendo komanso kupenya.

Koyambira?

Choyamba, yesani magazi a C-peptide. Chisankho chofuna kupaka jakisoni wa matenda a shuga a 2 chimapangidwa malinga ndi zotsatira zake. Ngati malingaliro anu a C-peptide ali otsika, mudzayenera kubaya insulini osachepera panthawi ya SARS, poyizoni wa chakudya ndi matenda ena owopsa. Odwala ambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito regimen ya 2 ya matenda amtundu wa 2 amatha kukhala bwino popanda jakisoni ya tsiku ndi tsiku. Mukabwera ku labotale kuti mudzayesere C-peptide, mutha kuyang'ana hemoglobin yanu nthawi yomweyo.

Mulimonsemo, yesani kupanga jakisoni ndi syringe yopanda ululu. Mudzadabwa momwe zimakhalira zosavuta. Ndi cholembera - chinthu chomwecho, zonse ndizosavuta komanso zosapweteka. Luso logwiritsira ntchito insulini limakhala lothandiza pakakhala kuzizira, poyizoni wa chakudya, kapena vuto lina lililonse. Nthawi ngati izi, pangafunike kubayira insulin kwakanthawi. Kupanda kutero, matenda a shuga atha kukulira moyo wanu wonse.

Odwala a shuga a Type 2 omwe amathandizidwa ndi insulin amavutika:

Amadzipatsa okha mankhwala abwino ochokera kunja,
kuwerengetsa mulingo woyenera,
kuyeza shuga pafupipafupi, sungani diary tsiku ndi tsiku,
santhula zotsatira za chithandizo.

Koma kupweteka kwa jakisoni si vuto lalikulu, chifukwa kulibe. Pambuyo pake mudzaseka zamantha anu akale.

Pakapita kanthawi, ngakhale subulinaneous wa insulin yochepa Mlingo utha kuwonjezeredwa ku ndalama izi malinga ndi chiwembu chomwe chimasankhidwa payekha. Mankhwala anu a insulini azikhala otsika katatu kuposa omwe madotolo amawagwiritsa ntchito. Chifukwa chake, simuyenera kuvutika ndi zovuta zoyipa za insulin.

Zolinga ndi njira zochizira matenda amtundu wa 2, omwe akufotokozedwa patsamba lino, ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi malingaliro onse. Komabe, njira za Dr. Bernstein zimathandizira, komanso chithandizo chamankhwala chovomerezeka sichambiri, monga momwe mwawonera. Cholinga chenicheni komanso chokwaniritsidwa ndikusunga khola la shuga la 4.5-5,5 mmol / L, monga mwa anthu athanzi. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa kuti zimateteza ku zovuta za matenda a shuga m'm impso, kupenya kwam'maso, miyendo ndi ziwalo zina zamthupi.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani shuga yachiwiri imayikidwa insulini?

Koyamba, palibe chifukwa chobayira insulin mu mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga. Chifukwa mulingo wa timadzi timeneti m'magazi a odwala nthawi zambiri umakhala wabwinobwino, kapena ngakhale wokwera. Komabe, sikuti zonse ndizophweka. Chowonadi ndi chakuti odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, kuukira kwa chitetezo chathupi kuma cell a beta komwe kumapangitsa insulin. Tsoka ilo, zotere zimachitika osati mu mtundu 1 wa shuga, komanso T2DM. Chifukwa cha iwo, gawo lalikulu la maselo a beta amatha kufa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 2 ndi kunenepa kwambiri, kudya mopanda thanzi, komanso kukhala phee. Anthu ambiri azaka zapakati komanso okalamba ndi onenepa kwambiri. Komabe si onse omwe amakhala ndi matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2.Ndi chiyani chimapangitsa kuti kunenepa kwambiri kusanduke shuga? Kuchokera ku kutengera kwa chibadwa mpaka kuukira kwa autoimmune. Nthawi zina kuukira kumeneku kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri kotero kuti jakisoni wa insulin yekha ndi amene angawalipire.

Ndi ziti zomwe zikuwonetsa shuga zomwe ndimayenera kusintha kuchokera pamapiritsi kupita ku insulin?

Choyamba, onani mndandanda wamapiritsi owopsa a shuga 2. Kanani kuzitenga nthawi yomweyo, osaganizira kuchuluka kwa shuga. Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, jakisoni wa insulin amatha kutalikitsa moyo wanu. Ndipo mapiritsi owopsa amachepetsa, ngakhale mulingo wa glucose utachepa kwakanthawi.

Chotsatira, muyenera kuwunika momwe shuga amapangira tsiku lonse, mwachitsanzo, mkati mwa sabata. Gwiritsani ntchito mita pafupipafupi; musasunge zingwe zoyeserera.

Mlingo wa glucose m'magazi ndi 6.0-6.5 mmol / L.

Zitha kuzindikirika kuti maola ena shuga wanu amakhala wopitilira mtengo uwu, ngakhale amatsatira kwambiri zakudyazo komanso kumwa mlingo waukulu wa metformin. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kapamba sangathe kuthana ndi katundu wambiri. Ndikofunika kuthandizira mosamala ndi jakisoni wa insulin mu Mlingo wotsika kuti zovuta za matenda ashuga zisamachitike.

Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mavuto ndi shuga m'mawa wopanda kanthu. Kuti zikhale bwino, muyenera:

Kukhala ndi chakudya cham'mawa kwambiri, mpaka 18.00-19.00
Usiku, jekeseni insulin yayitali yayitali.

Minyewa ya glucose imayesedwanso patatha maola atatu itatha chakudya. Itha kukwezedwa pafupipafupi mukatha kadzutsa, nkhomaliro, kapena chakudya chamadzulo. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kubaya insulin mwachidule (yochepa kapena ya ultrashort) musanadye izi. Kapena mutha kuyesa kubayira insulini yowonjezera m'mawa, kuphatikiza pa jekeseni omwe mumatenga usiku.

Osagwirizana kuti mukhale ndi shuga 6.0-7.0 mmol / l, komanso, kwambiri! Chifukwa ndi zizindikirozi, matenda ashuga osachiritsika amakula, ngakhale pang'ono ndi pang'ono. Mothandizidwa ndi jakisoni, bweretsani zizindikiro zanu ku 3.9-5.5 mmol / L.

Choyamba muyenera kusinthira ku chakudya chamafuta ochepa. Mankhwala a Metformin amalumikizidwa ndi iyo. Ndi shuga a 8.0 mmol / L ndipo pamwamba, insulin iyenera kuyamwa nthawi yomweyo. Pambuyo pake, yonjezerani ndi mapiritsi a metformin ndi kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kwa mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku mpaka pazokwanira.

Mukayamba jakisoni, muyenera kupitilizabe kutsatira zakudya ndikudya metformin. Mlingo wa glucose uyenera kusungidwa bwino mu mulingo wa 4.0-5,5 mmol / L, monga mwa anthu athanzi. Dokotala angakuuzeni kuti shuga 6.0-8.0 mmol / L ndiabwino. Koma izi sizowona, chifukwa zovuta za matenda ashuga zimayamba, pang'onopang'ono.

Kodi ndingamwe ma insulin m'mapiritsi m'malo mwa jakisoni?

Tsoka ilo, insulin imawonongeka pamimba m'matumbo motsogozedwa ndi hydrochloric acid ndi michere yamagaya. Mapiritsi ogwira ntchito omwe ali ndi mahomoniwa kulibe. Makampani opanga mankhwala sachitanso kafukufuku pa tsikuli.

Inhalation aerosol. Komabe, chida ichi sichingatsimikizire kuchuluka kwa mulingo. Chifukwa chake, siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Odwala a shuga a Type 2 omwe amadya zakudya zambiri amakakamizidwa kudzipaka okha ndi mankhwala akuluakulu a insulin. Sadzachita ± 5-10 magawo a nyengo. Koma kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe amatsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa, cholakwikachi chimakhala chovomerezeka. Itha kupanga 50-100% ya mlingo wonse wofunikira.

Mpaka pano, palibenso njira zina zenizeni zoperekera insulin kupatula jakisoni. Tikubwerezanso kuti majakisowa ali osapweteka kwambiri. Yesetsani kudzipatsa nokha mankhwala omwe amachokera kunja, komanso phunzirani momwe mungawerengere mankhwalawo. Mutathetsa mavutowa, muthana ndi jakisoni.

Ndi insulin iti ndibwino kubaya?

Mpaka pano, Tresiba ndiye mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa insulin. Chifukwa imagwira ntchito motalika kwambiri komanso bwino. Zimathandizira kusintha shuga m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Komabe, mankhwalawa ndiwatsopano komanso okwera mtengo. Sindikukayikira kuti mutha kupeza izi kwaulere.

Levemir ndi Lantus akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwazaka zoposa 10 ndipo agwiranso ntchito bwino. Pokhapokha mutatsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa ndikuzijambulitsa pamlingo wochepetsetsa, wosawerengeka, osati waukulu kwambiri omwe madotolo adazolowera.

Kusinthira ku Treshiba insulin yatsopano, yowoneka bwino komanso yokwera mtengo sikuchotsa kufunika kotsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa.

Komanso phunzirani nkhani "Mitundu ya Insulin ndi Zotsatira Zake". Mvetsetsani momwe kukonzekera kwakifupi kumasiyana ndi ultrashort, chifukwa chake sikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito sing'anga insulin protafan.

Momwe mungasankhire mtundu wa insulin ndikuwerengera kuchuluka kwake?

Ngati mumakonda kukhala ndi shuga m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu, muyenera kuyamba ndi jakisoni wa insulin yayitali usiku. Ndi kuwerenga kwabwinobwino kwam'mawa m'mimba yopanda kanthu, mutha kuyamba ndi kuyambitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo musanadye. Malangizo a insulin ndi mndandanda wamitundu iwiri ya insulini, komanso zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa ma jakisoni ndi mitundu iti. Amasankhidwa payekhapayekha, chifukwa amakhala atapeza zochulukirapo zambiri masiku angapo zokhudza mphamvu ya shuga tsiku lililonse. Kutalika kwa matendawo, kulemera kwa thupi la wodwalayo ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimakhudza chidwi cha insulini zimathandizidwanso.

Madokotala ambiri amalimbikitsa mtundu womwewo wa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga, osaganizira za matenda ake. Njirayi singapereke zabwino. Nthawi zambiri, poyambira kukonzekera kwa nthawi yayitali 10-16 masana patsiku ndi mankhwala. Kwa odwala omwe amatsata zakudya zama carb ochepa, mankhwalawa amatha kukhala okwera kwambiri ndikuyambitsa hypoglycemia (shuga m'magazi ochepa). Njira yokhayo yomwe Dr. Bernstein ndi webusaitiyi ya Endocrin-Patient.Com imathandizadi ndiyothandiza.

Kodi ndizotheka kubayitsa insulin yokhayo pokhazikika, popanda yochepa?

Nthawi zambiri, ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga a 2, muyenera kuyamba ndi jakisoni wa insulini yowonjezera ndikuyembekeza kuti mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu safunika. Zimamveka kuti wodwalayo akutsatira kale zakudya zama carb ochepa komanso kumwa metformin.

Woopsa milandu, sizingatheke popanda kupereka insulin yochepa musanadye, kuphatikiza jakisoni wa insulin yayitali usiku ndi m'mawa. Ngati metabolism yanu ya glucose ili ndi vuto lalikulu, gwiritsani ntchito mitundu iwiri ya insulini nthawi yomweyo, musakhale aulesi. Mutha kuyesa kuthamanga ndikulimbitsa masewera olimbitsa thupi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti athe kuchepetsa kwambiri insulin Mlingo, kapena kuletsa jakisoni. Werengani zambiri pansipa.

Kangati patsiku muyenera kubaya insulin?

Yankho la funsoli ndilofanana kwa wodwala aliyense. Anthu ambiri odwala matenda ashuga amafunika kubayira insulini usiku wonse kuti thupi lawo likhale lolimba. Komabe, ena safuna izi. Pa matenda akuluakulu a shuga, zingakhale zofunikira kupereka insulin yachangu musanadye. Nthawi zina, kapamba wopanda jakisoni amachita ntchito yabwino pakupaya chakudya.

Ndikofunikira kuyeza shuga wamagazi ndi glucometer osachepera 5 pa tsiku kwa sabata:

m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu
Maola awiri kapena atatu mutatha kadzutsa, nkhomaliro ndi chakudya chamadzulo,
usiku asanagone.

Mutha kuonjezeranso muyeso musanadye.

Mwa kusonkhanitsa nkhaniyi, mumvetsetsa:

Mafuta angati omwe mumafunikira patsiku?
Kodi ayenera kukhala Mlingo uti?
Kodi mumafunikira mitundu iti ya insulin - yowonjezera, yofulumira, kapena yonse nthawi imodzi.

Mukatero mudzachulukitsa kapena kuchepetsa mlingo malinga ndi zotsatira za jakisoni wakale. Pakupita masiku ochepa, zimadziwika kuti ndi mitundu iti ya jekeseni ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri.

Kodi mukuyenera kudziwa jekeseni wa shuga liti - ndipo ayi -
Kodi mlingo woyenera wovomerezeka patsiku ndi uti,
kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa pakufunika pa 1 XE yama carbohydrate,
kuchuluka kwa gawo limodzi kumachepetsa shuga m'magazi,
kuchuluka kwa UNIT ya insulin yofunikira kuti muchepetse shuga ndi 1 mmol / l,
chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati muba jakisoni wamkulu (mwachitsanzo pawiri),
shuga sadzagwa pambuyo jakisoni wa insulin - zifukwa zotheka,
Mlingo wa insulin ndiwofunika bwanji?

Kodi wodwala wodwala matenda a shuga a 2 angachiritsidwe ndi insulin komanso mapiritsi onse?

Izi nthawi zambiri ndizomwe muyenera kuchita. Kukonzekera komwe kuli ndi metformin kumawonjezera chidwi cha thupi ku insulin ndikuthandizira kuchepetsa Mlingo ndi jakisoni. Kumbukirani kuti masewera olimbitsa thupi amachita bwino kangapo kuposa metformin. Ndipo chithandizo chachikulu chomwe chimapatsa shuga kagayidwe kachakudya ndichakudya chamoto chochepa. Popanda iyo, insulin ndi mapiritsi amagwira ntchito molakwika.

Apa padzakhala koyenera kubwereza ulalo wamankhwala osokoneza bongo a matenda a shuga a 2. Lekani kumwa mankhwalawa nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi zakudya ziyenera kukhala chiani pambuyo poyambitsa matenda a shuga a 2 omwe ayambitsidwa ndi insulin?

Pambuyo pa matenda a shuga a 2 omwe ayambitsidwa ndi insulin, zakudya zamafuta ochepa ziyenera kupitilizidwa. Iyi ndiye njira yokhayo yolamulirira matendawa. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe amalolera kudya zakudya zoletsedwa amakakamizidwa kupaka jekeseni yayikulu ya mahomoni. Izi zimayambitsa kuphuka kwa shuga m'magazi ndipo ndimangokhala osasangalala. Mulingo wambiri, womwe umakhala pachiwopsezo cha hypoglycemia. Komanso, insulin imayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa kulemera kwa thupi, vasospasm, kusungunuka kwamadzi m'thupi. Zonsezi zimawonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Onani vidiyo yokhudza momwe mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya zimakhudzira shuga m'magazi.

Chepetsani zakudya zamagulu anu m'zakudya zanu kuti muchepetse Mlingo komanso kupewa mavuto omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa.

Ndi zakudya ziti zomwe ndiyenera kudya nditayamba jakisoni wa matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri?

Unikani mndandanda wazakudya zoletsedwa ndikusiyiratu kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Idyani zakudya zololedwa. Sizothandiza, komanso ndizokoma komanso zokhutiritsa. Yesani kusadya kwambiri. Komabe, palibe chifukwa chochepetsera kudya calorie ndikumva njala yosatha. Komanso, ndizovulaza.

Chithandizo cha boma chimati mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zosaloledwa zomwe zimadzaza ndi mafuta, ndikuwaphimba ndi jakisoni wa insulin yayikulu. Uku ndikulimbikitsa koyipa, palibe chifukwa chakutsatira. Chifukwa chakuti zakudya zotere zimayambitsa kudumpha m'magazi, kukula kwa zovuta komanso zovuta za matenda ashuga.

Ndikofunikira 100% kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoletsedwa, osapanga nawo tchuthi, kumapeto kwa sabata, maulendo apabizinesi, maulendo kukaona. Kwa odwala matenda a shuga, zakudya zama cyclic otsika-carb, makamaka, zakudya za Ducan ndi Tim Ferris, sizoyenera.

Ngati mukufuna, mutha kuyesa kudya pang'onopang'ono kwa masiku atatu kapena kuposerapo. Komabe, izi sizofunikira. Matenda a shuga a Type 2 amatha kutha kuwongoleredwa ndipo shuga amatha kukhala osasunthika popanda nkhawa. Musanasala kudya, pezani njira yosinthira mlingo wa insulin mukasala kudya.

Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amakonda chidwi ndi zakudya za LCHF ketogenic. Kusintha pachakudyachi kumathandizira kuchepetsa Mlingo wa insulin, kapenanso kusiya jakisoni watsiku ndi tsiku. Onerani kanema watsatanetsatane wazakudya za ketogenic. Dziwani zabwino ndi zovuta zake. Mu kanemayi, Sergey Kushchenko akufotokozera momwe zakudyazi zimasiyanirana ndi zakudya zama carb otsika malinga ndi njira ya Dr. Bernstein. Mvetsetsani momwe kuliri kotheka kuchepetsera thupi posintha zakudya zanu. Phunzirani zamomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zakudya zopangira keto popewa ndi kuchiza khansa.

Zomwe sizowopsa: jakisoni wa insulin kapena kumwa mapiritsi?

Onse a insulin ndi mapiritsi sizivuta ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito mwanzeru, koma athandizire odwala matenda ashuga. Izi zothandizira odwala zimateteza odwala ku zovuta za kusokonezeka kwa glucose kagayidwe kachakudya ndi moyo wautali. Kuthandiza kwawo kumatsimikiziridwa ndikufufuza kwakukulu kwa asayansi, komanso machitidwe a tsiku ndi tsiku.

Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito insulin ndi mapiritsi kuyenera kukhala koyenera. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe amalimbikitsidwa kukhala ndi moyo wautali ayenera kumvetsetsa chithandizo chawo. Makamaka, phunzirani mndandanda wa mankhwala oyipa a shuga 2 ndipo musiyeni kumwa.Sinthani kumwa ma piritsi kukhala jakisoni wa insulin ngati muli ndi chisonyezo chilichonse.

Chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati wodwala matenda ashuga yemwe amakhala piritsi la insulin?

Metformin ndi mankhwala omwe amathandizira kudziwa insulin, amachepetsa mlingo wofunikira. Pokhapokha mulingo wofunika wa insulini, jakisoni wokhazikika amayamba kuonda kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kutenga metformin kumakhala ndi phindu lalikulu.

Odwala a shuga a Type 2 omwe amathandizidwa ndi insulin nthawi zambiri amapanga nzeru kutenga metformin kuwonjezera jakisoni. Komabe, sizokayikitsa kuti mungazindikire kusintha kulikonse kuchokera piritsi limodzi loledzera. Mwachangu, piritsi limodzi lokhala ndi metformin yomwe imatengedwa imatha kukulitsa chidwi cha insulin kwambiri kotero kuti hypoglycemia imachitika (shuga wochepa). Komabe, pochita izi ndizokayikitsa kwambiri.

Kodi ndingathe kulowetsa insulin ndi mapiritsi a Diabeteson MV, Maninil kapena Amaryl?

Diabeteson MV, Maninil ndi Amaril, komanso mitundu yawo yambiri - awa ndi mapiritsi owopsa. Amachepetsa shuga kwa magazi kwakanthawi. Komabe, mosiyana ndi jakisoni wa insulin, samachulukitsa moyo wa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, koma amatenga nthawi yochepa.

Odwala omwe akufuna kukhala ndi moyo wautali ayenera kukhala kutali ndi mankhwala omwe atchulidwa. Aerobatics ndikuwonetsetsa kuti adani anu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2 amamwa mapiritsi owopsa ndipo amatsatiranso zakudya zamagulu ochepa zopatsa mphamvu. Zolemba kuchokera m'magazini azachipatala zingathandize.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati mapiritsi kapena insulini sangakuthandizeni?

Mapiritsiwo amasiya kuthandiza pamene zikondazo zimatha kwathunthu mwa wodwala wokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Zikatero, matendawa amakhala m'magulu 1 a shuga. Kufunika koyamba kuti mupeze jakisoni wa insulini, mpaka khungu.

Insulin nthawi zonse imachepetsa shuga ya magazi, pokhapokha ngati iwonongeka. Tsoka ilo, ichi ndi mankhwala osalimba. Imatha kugwa kuchokera pakuchepa kochepa kwambiri kosungirako kutentha kupitirira malire ovomerezeka, onse mmwamba ndi pansi. Komanso, insulin m'mapanga kapena ma cartridge ena ndi owopsa pakuwongolera dzuwa.

M'mayiko a CIS, kuwonongeka kwa insulin kwakhala kowopsa. Sichimachitika mu malo ogulitsa mankhwala okha, komanso m'malo osungiramo zinthu zina, komanso munthawi ya mayendedwe ndi mayendedwe. Odwala ali ndi mwayi waukulu wogula kapena kuwononga insulin yomwe sikugwira ntchito mwaulere. Werengani nkhani ya "Malamulo Osungira Insulin" ndikuchita zomwe ikunena.

Chifukwa chiyani shuga amakwera ngakhale atasinthira kuchoka ku mapiritsi kupita ku insulin?

Wodwalayo mwina akupitiliza kudya zakudya zosaloledwa. Kapena kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe amalandila sikokwanira. Kumbukirani kuti odwala onenepa kwambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 saganizira kwenikweni za insulin. Amafunikira kuchuluka kwaminyewa yayikuluyi kuti amve zenizeni jakisoni.

Chimachitika ndi chiani ngati mwasiya jakisoni?

Chifukwa chosowa insulini nthawi yayitali, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatha kufika 14-30 mmol / L. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga otere amafunika chithandizo chamankhwala mwadzidzidzi ndipo nthawi zambiri amamwalira. Matenda obanika omwe amayamba chifukwa cha shuga wambiri mwa odwala matenda a shuga 2 amatchedwa hyperglycemic coma. Ndipha. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika mwa anthu achikulire omwe samasamala polamulira matenda awo.

Kwa owerenga ambiri tsambali, kukomoka kwa hyperglycemic siowopsa. Vuto lawo limatha kukhala zovuta za matenda ashuga. Dziwani kuti amapanga shuga wa magazi aliwonse pamtunda wa 6.0 mmol / L. Izi zikufanana ndi hemoglobin wa glycated wa 5.8-6.0%. Inde, kukwera shuga, kumakhala zovuta zambiri. Koma ngakhale ndi zizindikiro za 6.0-7.0, njira zoyipa zikuchitika kale.

Mtundu wa 2 wa insulin: kuchokera pakukambirana ndi odwala

Nthawi zambiri amatsogolera kuimfa chifukwa cha kugunda kwamtima kapena kugunda kwam'mbuyo.Izi zoyambitsa imfa nthawi zambiri sizimagwirizana ndi matenda ashuga, kuti zisawononge kwambiri boma. Koma kwenikweni ndi olumikizidwa. Mwa anthu ena odwala matenda ashuga, mtima wamtima umakhala wolimba kwambiri kotero kuti kugunda kwamtima koyambirira kapena kugunda kwa thupi sikumachitika. Odwala awa ali ndi nthawi yokwanira kuti adziwe zovuta za impso, miyendo komanso mawonekedwe amaso.

Sindikhulupirira madokotala omwe amati shuga ya magazi 6.0-8.0 ndiyotetezeka. Inde, anthu athanzi amakhala ndi mfundo zamtunduwu pambuyo podya. Koma amakhala osaposa mphindi 15-20, ndipo osati maola angapo motsatizana.

Kodi wodwala matenda ashuga a mtundu wa 2 angagwiritse ntchito insulin kwakanthawi?

Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri ayenera kuyamba kubaya insulin ngati kutsatira zakudya zochepa za carb ndikumamwa metformin sikuthandizira. Magazi a shuga omwe amakhala nawo ndi 3.9-5,5 mmol / L osachepera maola 24 patsiku. Muyenera kuyamba kupaka insulin ndi milingo yotsika, ndikuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono mpaka mulingo wa glucose muzisunga malire.

Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi kungathandize kusinthitsa jakisoni wa insulin. Kuthamanga, komanso kuphunzitsa masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kunyumba, kumathandiza kukwaniritsa cholinga ichi. Funsani kuti kuyendetsa qi ndi kotani. Tsoka ilo, maphunziro akuthupi samathandiza onse odwala matenda ashuga kulumpha kuchokera ku insulin. Zimatengera kuopsa kwa zovuta zanu za kagayidwe kachakudya.

Kodi ndingabwerere ku insulin kupita kumapiritsi? Kodi angachite bwanji?

Yesani kugwiritsa ntchito zolimbitsa thupi kuti muwonjezere chidwi chanu cha insulin. Mukachita bwino, ndiye kuti mahomoni anu omwe, omwe amapangidwa ndi kapamba, amakhala okwanira kuti shuga ikhale yolimba monga momwe zimakhalira. Nthawi zambiri amatanthauza zisonyezo za 3.9-5.5 mmol / l maola 24 patsiku.

Mkulu shuga ayenera kukhala wabwinobwino:

m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu
usiku asanagone
musanadye
Patatha maola awiri itatha chakudya chilichonse.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuphatikiza maphunziro a Cardio ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kuthamangira ndibwino kuti kulimbikitse mtima. Ndiwofikirika kuposa kusambira, kuyendetsa njinga ndi kuyenda. Mutha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu kunyumba ndi kumalo akunja, popanda kupita ku masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ngati mukufuna kukoka chitsulo mu masewera olimbitsa thupi, mudzachita.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi sikuti kumangowonjezera chidwi cha thupi ku insulin, komanso kumabweretsa zabwino zina zambiri. Makamaka, imateteza ku zovuta zoyanjana ndi matenda ena okalamba.

Tiyerekeze kuti mukukwanitsa kuwonjezera thupi kuti mumve insulin. Zinatheka masiku wamba kupatula jakisoni. Komabe, simuyenera kutaya cholembera cha insulin, chiikeni pambali yakutali. Chifukwa zingakhale zofunikira kuyambiranso jakisoni kwakanthawi panthawi ya chimfine kapena matenda ena opatsirana.

Matenda amawonjezera kufunika kwa odwala matenda ashuga ndi 30-80%. Chifukwa kuyankha kwamphamvu kwa thupi kumachepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa mphamvu iyi. Mpaka pomwe wodwala matenda ashuga a 2 amachira ndipo kutupa sikunadutse, kapamba ayenera kutetezedwa makamaka. Ngati ndi kotheka, thandizirani ndi insulin. Yang'anani ndi shuga lanu lamagazi. Dziwani ngati akufunika kuyambiranso jakisoni kwakanthawi. Mukanyalanyaza malangizowa, mutazizira pang'ono, njira ya matenda ashuga imatha kukulira m'moyo wanu wonse.

Kodi kusala kudya kungathandize kulumpha kuchokera ku jakisoni wa insulin?

Matenda a shuga a Type 2 amachitika chifukwa chakuti thupi lanu sililekerera zakudya zamafuta, makamaka oyengeretsa. Kuti muthane ndi matendawa, muyenera kukhazikitsa njira yopewa kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zoletsedwa. Mukangochita izi, sipadzakhala chifukwa chanjala. Zakudya zololedwa ndizopatsa thanzi, koma zabwino komanso zosangalatsa.Tsamba la Endocrin-Patient.Com nthawi zonse likugogomezera kuti odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2 amatha kukhala osasunthika ndi shuga wabwinobwino osayamba kufa ndi njala.

Odwala ena ndi aulesi kwambiri kuti aganize ndikumanga dongosolo, koma amafuna kukwaniritsa zotsatira zake mwachangu posala kudya. Pambuyo pothawa ndi njala, amakhalanso ndi chidwi chosagwirizana ndi chakudya chamavuto. Njira zosinthira komanso kusinthasintha kwa chakudya ndi njira yotsimikizika kwa odwala matenda ashuga kuti adzipereke okha kumanda. Muzovuta kwambiri, psychotherapy ingafunike kuti muchepetse kuzungulira koyipa.

Phunzirani chithandizo chamankhwala amtundu wa shuga wachiwiri ndikuchita zomwe akunena. Sinthani ku chakudya chamafuta ochepa. Onjezani metformin, insulini ndi zochita zolimbitsa thupi kwa icho. Ulamuliro wanu watsopano ukakhazikika, mutha kuyesanso kusala kwina. Ngakhale izi sizofunikira kwenikweni. Ubwino wa kusala kudya ndiwokayikitsa. Mugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake zambiri kuti mum'patse chizolowezi. M'malo mwake, ndibwino kukhazikitsa chizolowezi chochita zolimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi.

Zamkatimu

Mawu Oyamba
Gawo I. Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Matenda a shuga
Gawo II. Maluso azikhalidwe

Kuchokera pamndandanda: Sukulu ya shuga

Chigawo choyambirira cha bukulo Matenda a shuga a II. Momwe mungasinthire ku insulin (N.A. Danilova, 2010) choperekedwa ndi bwenzi lathu lamabuku - kampani ya malita.

Gawo I. Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Matenda a shuga

Nenani zomwe mukufuna, koma popanda kuyendera mwachidule mu thupi lathu, simungathe kufotokoza njira za matenda ashuga. Ndipo muyenera kuzidziwa, chifukwa mwa kungoganiza ndendende ndi momwe kulephera kumachitikira, mutha kumvetsetsa ndikutenga njira zomwe zimathandizira kubwezeretsa kagayidwe kachakudya. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti shuga siyowopsa pakokha - vuto lalikulu pamiyoyo ya anthu ndizovuta zomwe zimakhalapo ngati mamolekyulu a shuga a "aulere" aphulitsa machitidwe amkati kwa nthawi yayitali. Tilankhula za izi.

Mutu 1. Zomwe Tili

Chifukwa chake, kuchokera ku maphunziro a sayansi yasukulu, timakumbukira kuti thupi lathu limakhala ndi mafupa, minofu, khungu ndi zotulutsa zina, momwe machitidwe akunja ndi mkati amapangidwira. Kusukulu, kudziwana ndi matupi aumunthu kumayambira ndi mafupa ndi minofu ya minofu. Tidzasiya gawo ili, chifukwa mu matenda ashuga, machitidwe awa ndi osowa kwambiri. Zomwe tikuyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri zikhale pa makina am'mimba, ozungulira, amanjenje ndi endocrine. Zakudya zam'mimba - chifukwa ndi chakudya ndipo kuchokera pamenepo ndimomwe timapeza chakudya (kapena shuga), zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto ambiri kwa ife. Njira zoyendera ndi zamanjenje ndizochita zoyambirira zomwe shuga "imagwedezeka" kwambiri, ndipo dongosolo la endocrine ndendende njira yomwe kulephera koyambirira kumachitika.

Koma mfundo yoyamba ya chilichonse ndi khungu. Mu khungu, monga mu micromirror, njira zonse zomwe zimachitika mthupi zimawonekera. Ngati titatopa, osadya kapena kukhala ndi mantha, pamene maselo ayamba kuchepa michere, mpweya wabwino, kukulira pang'onopang'ono, kuchira kwambiri, kusiya kugawa komanso kukonzanso. Ndipo mosinthanitsa - momwe khungu limamverera zimatengera momwe tikumvera.

Selo imatha kutchedwa kuti gawo lodziyimira payokha. Monga chamoyo china chilichonse, selo "imadya", "imamwa", "imapumira", imakula, imakula, imapitilizabe mtundu wake, kupatula zinthu zoyipa, kenako ndikufa. Maselo ena amadziwa momwe "amaganiza," koma izi ndizosiyana osati lamulo.

Selo iliyonse imakhala ndi pulogalamu yeniyeni - kutsatira kwake zomwe zimapangitsa kubwereza zomwezo nthawi ndi nthawi. Pulogalamuyi yalembedwa m'mitundu yathu, ndipo ndiamene amachititsa kuti maonekedwe athu azisokonekera. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, lamuloli limalembedwa m'maselo am'mimba a chimbale pazitseko zamkati zam'mimba: chakudya chikangolowa m'mimba, chimayamba kubisa acid.Izi zikapanda kuchitika, tonse mosakayikira timavutika ndi chimbudzi ndipo anthufe timafa msanga, ndikupereka mtundu wina wachilengedwe.

Koma nthawi zina pulogalamuyo imasweka, kenako khungu limasokonekera. Chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi kwambiri cha misala yomaliza yamaselo ndi chotupa cha khansa, momwe ma cell amayiwala za ntchito zawo zina ndikuchita chinthu chimodzi chokhacho - gawo losalekeza, losayima.

Kuwonetsa kosiyanasiyana kwa ziwengo ndi fanizo lina lomwe maselo (panthawiyi chitetezo cha mthupi) "amapenga" ndipo m'malo 'kuthamangitsa' olakwira (mavairasi, mabakiteriya kapena mafangasi), amayamba kuwukira anzawo.

Koma popeza bukuli lidaperekedwa kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga, ndipo osati matenda ena, sitidzapanga zinsinsi za kuzindikira kwa khungu. Tikuvomera kuti tizindikira kuti ndi maselo kuti "asokonezeke" komanso kuti nthawi zina amakhala mosiyana ndi cholinga chawo kuyambira kubadwa.

Tilankhula za momwe maselo "amalakwitsa" mu shuga mellitus, koma kuti izi zimveke bwino, tikukumbukirabe chidziwitso chazomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi makina ena amkati. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi kuzungulira.

Magazi m'thupi ali ndi ntchito zingapo zingapo. Zimatulutsa michere ndi mpweya m'maselo, ma leukocytes amayendamo - oteteza thupi, magazi amayeretsanso maselo, kuwatengera kwa zinthu zosafunikira kapena zovulaza m'moyo wawo.

Kuti magazi aziyenda pena paliponse popanda cholepheretsa, misewu yabwino - zotengera - adaziyikira m'thupi. Palibe misewu yamagalimoto m'misewu iyi - kuposa pamenepo, magalimoto pamsewu nthawi zonse amakhala amodzi ndipo palibe amene amapitilira aliyense.

Monga misewu, zombo zimagawika m'misewu yayitali, yothamanga - mitsempha, misewu yayitali komanso yayitali - mitsempha, ndi misewu yaying'ono yonyansa - ma capillaries. Mitsempha yamagazi imasuntha magazi kuchokera ku gawo limodzi la thupi kupita ku lina (mwachitsanzo, kuchokera pamtima mpaka kumapazi), mitsempha imatsogolera kuchokera ndi ziwalo zina, ndipo ma capillaries amafikira maselo ang'ono kwambiri ndikubwezera magaziwo.

Dongosolo loyenda limafaniziridwa ndi mtengo wamba: choyambirira chimakhala ndi thunthu (awa ndi mitsempha yathu), kenako imayamba kugawika m'magawo (nthambi) zowonda, kenako masamba omwe amaphatikizika ndi phokoso limodzi lalikulu (capillaries). Momwemonso zombo zathu - zimagawika mokhazikika, zimalowetsa minyewa ndi netiweki yabwino kotero kuti imatsala pang'ono kusungunuka m'thupi lathu. Pa gridi iliyonse sekondi iliyonse imatuluka. Ndipo kusinthaku kumachitika - mgawo womwewo (koma ziwiya zina - kuti magazi asagundane!) Magaziwo amatengenso m'mitsempha, kenako m'mitsempha, kuti abwerere mumtima.

Kuyamba koyamba kwa magazi kumatulutsa mtima. Zimagwira ngati injini ya piston. Pa sekondi iliyonse, mtima (makamaka, ndi minofu wamba!) Mochenjera umathira magazi ndikulowetsa ziwiya. Kenako imapumulanso, mkati mwake mumalowa mkati mwake, pomwe (mbali inayo) gawo latsopano la magazi limayamwa, ndi zina mpaka infinity.

Zomwe mukufunanso kudziwa za mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi ndikuti amayendetsa magazi mu dongosolo lotsekeka. Ndiye kuti, kusiya mtima, magazi kudzera m'matumbo amapanga masinthidwe athunthu mthupi lonse ndikubwerera. Tikapitiliza kufananizira "makina", zombo zimatsekedwa kukhala njira yovuta, yovuta, ngati njanji pamalo ophunzitsira othamanga - ngakhale atakhala ang'onong'ono chotenga thupi, amabwereranso kumapeto, komwe nthawi yomweyo kumayamba.

Komabe, njira yozungulira si njira imodzi yokha, koma anayi nthawi imodzi. Agawidwa m'magawo awiri, omwe amatchedwa ochepa ndi mabwalo akulu azungulira magazi. Ndiye kuti, mabwalo awiri ang'ono ndi awiri akulu.Mabwalo ang'onoang'ono ndi mitsempha iwiri yomwe imatuluka kuchokera hafu yakumanja ya mtima, imalowa m'matumbo a m'mapapo ndi ziwiya zomwe zimachepa kenako ndikumalumikizanso koyamba m'mitsempha, kenako kulowa m'mitsempha iwiri kenako kulowa theka lakumanzere kwa mtima.

Magazi odutsa m'mapapo amakhala atalimbikitsidwa ndi mpweya ndipo amabwerera kumtima. Tsopano ntchito ya thupi ndikubweretsa mpweya m'maselo ena onse. Chifukwa chake, kuchokera hafu yakumanzere ya mtima, magazi omwe amapanga mpweya wabwino amakhazikikanso - tsopano m'magawo akulu azungulira magazi. Mtsempha umodzi umayendetsa - mmanja ndi mutu, ndi ina - pansi, mpaka ziwalo zamkati zomwe zimakhala m'mimba, ndi miyendo. Pamenepo, magazi, ogawidwa pamatumbo omwe amayamba kuchepa, amapatsa mpweya m'maselo, kenako njira zotsikirazo zimachitika - zimasonkhana ndikubwerera kumtima kudzera m'mitsempha ina.

Muulendo wake kudutsa thupi, magazi amathanso kugaya chakudya: ziwiya zazing'onoting'ono zomwe zimalowa mkati mwa makhoma am'mimba, esophagus ndi matumbo zimatenga michere kuchokera kuzakudya, kenako zimafalitsa thupi lonse ndikupereka selo lililonse. Koma zambiri pambuyo pake.

Dongosolo lachiwiri lolimba kwambiri m thupi ndi mantha. Zingwe zam'mitsempha zimalowa m'matumbo ndikufika pamwamba pa thupi, mpaka kumtunda kwa khungu lomwe limapangitsa kuti mitsempha izitha. Mphamvu yamanjenje imayang'anira makanema osazungulira, malingaliro, malingaliro, malingaliro. Anthu omwe samasiyanitsidwa ndi chipembedzo chowonjezereka amati ndi njira yamanjenje (pamodzi ndi ubongo) yomwe imasunga moyo wamunthu, popeza ndi momwe imasonkhanitsira chidziwitso ndi malingaliro, ndizomwe mumakhulupirira kuti zimapangidwa ndipo zimathandizidwa ndi maselo amitsempha zomwe zenizeni zimayerekezedwa ndi malingaliro - ndiye kuti m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku amatchedwa chikumbumtima.

Koma tiyeni tisinthe kuchokera ku malingaliro ndi kubwerera ku kapangidwe kazinthu zamagetsi. Tiyenera kudziwa nkhaniyi, chifukwa ndendende maselo amitsempha am'mimba omwe amakhala chandamale chachikulu cha shuga. Chowonadi ndi chakuti maselo amitsempha, mosiyana ndi minofu ina yamthupi, amagwiritsa ntchito shuga mwachindunji, popanda thandizo la insulin. Ndipo mukakhala ndi matenda ashuga, kulowa kwa glucose kwa maselo abwinobwino kumatsekeka (chifukwa chake shuga m'magazi), maselo amanjenje amalandila mumiyeso yayikulu, yomwe imakhudza magwiridwe antchito onse.

Kubwerera ku maselo amanjenje. Dzina lawo lasayansi ndi mitsempha. Mitsempha iliyonse imakhala ndi thupi, pomwe ambiri amafupika ndipo nthawi yayitali amachoka. Ndi njira zake zazifupi, neuron imalumikizidwa ndi masauzande masauzande ndi ma cell ena wamba. Kudzera mwa iwo kufikira thupi limalandira chidziwitso cha zomwe zimachitika mthupi komanso mozungulira. Selo la mitsempha imasanthula izi ndikufotokozera malingaliro ake kwa oyandikana nawo kwambiri komanso akutali kwakanthawi. Uko nkulondola. Ndikusinthana pafupipafupi, kukambirana mosiyanasiyana, ma neuron palimodzi amathetsa mavuto onse azofunikira mthupi.

Ntchito ya neurons imaphatikizidwanso ndi malingaliro, momwe amamvera, zomwe akumana nazo munthu, kukumbukira kwake, maluso, machitidwe ndi zina zambiri. Kodi ma neuroni amatha bwanji kupitilira kulikonse? Izi ndizosadabwitsa, poganiza kuti chilengedwe chimapatsa munthu mphamvu zopanda ma neuroni zana - pali oposa 100 biliyoni a iwo m'thupi la munthu! Zowona, onse adapatsidwa kwa ife kubadwa, palibe selo yatsopano yamtunduwu imakula m'moyo wonse. M'malo mwake, amangogwa ndikuwonongeka.

Kodi izi zikutanthauza kuti tikamakalamba timayamba kuda? Osati kwenikweni monga choncho. Ndi zokhazi kuti muubwana timagwiritsa ntchito kutali ndi ma neurons onse. Amalumikizidwa pang'onopang'ono, ndi chidziwitso chambiri ndikupeza maluso atsopano. Ndipo mfundo yoti akumwalira siowopsa. Tsiku lililonse timataya maselo amitsempha pafupifupi 40,000, koma kuyerekeza ndi 100 biliyoni omwe dongosolo lamanjenje limakhalapo, kutayika uku sikuwonekeranso kwa iye, ngati njere imodzi yakugwa yomanga nyumba yayikulu kwambiri.

Kuti muchite bwino ndi ntchito zambiri, ma neuron amapangidwa m'magulu. Ili ndiye dongosolo lamanjenje. Mmenemo, matupi a ma neuron amapezeka m'magulu a muubongo ndi chingwe cha msana, ndikupanga zomwe zimatchedwa kuti imvi za ubongo. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti matupi a ma neuron amatuwa. Mosiyana ndi izi, momwe ma cell a mitsempha amayera. Kutalikirana kwawo muubongo kumaphatikizidwa ndikupanga zinthu zoyera za ubongo. Amapanganso maziko a ulusi wamanjenje omwe umatuluka muubongo ndi chingwe cha msana komanso umakhala ndi utoto woyera.

Mchitidwe wamanjenje, imvi nkhani imakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Kutengera komwe aliyense waiwo ali, ali ndi maudindo osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mu chingwe cha msana, nkhani ya imvi imayendetsa kosavuta kusintha kwa thupi: idalasa chala - mkono udabwezedwa, dzuwa lidawotha - khungu lidasanduka lofiira. Nkhani imvi yomwe ili pamunsi pa ubongo imayang'anira ntchito ya mtima, mitsempha yamagazi, mapapu, m'mimba. Amachititsanso kuti pakhale njala ndi ludzu, kutentha kwa thupi, thukuta komanso kugona. Ndi zochitika za imvi zamkati mwa ubongo, kusangalala, mantha, nkhawa ndi zokumana nazo zina zaanthu zimayenderana.

Ndi chidziwitso ichi, tsopano mutha kumvetsetsa bwino chifukwa chake ndi shuga yambiri zomwe zimagwira ntchito zonsezi pamakhala mavuto: munthu amatha kukhala ndi nkhawa komanso kusakwiya, malingaliro ake amakhala amtambo, kukumbukira kwake kumawonjezeka. Matenda a shuga a shuga amaphatikizidwanso ndi kuwonongeka kwamanjenje. Koma tikambirana za zovuta zonse zakuperekera chiphuphu kwa ashuga omwe ali mgawo lina, koma pakadali pano tikupitilizabe kukumbukira momwe thupi lathu limapangidwira.

Njira yogaya chakudya imayamba ... mu ubongo. Mmenemo muli pafupi ndi pituitary gland pomwe malo opezekapo chilimbikitso ndi kukhuta amapezeka. Tikakhala ndi njala kapena fungo lokoma, chipinda cholakalaka chimayamba: chimapereka chisonyezo kudzera mumitsempha, ndipo malovu amayamba kupanga mkamwa mwathu, ndipo timadziti tam'mimba m'mimba. Pankhaniyi, m'mimba mumayambiranso "kubzala" - izi zimachitika chifukwa minofu yake ikupita ndipo ikukonzekera kudya ndikusakaniza chakudya.

Ubongo ndiye alpha ndi omega wam'magazi, chifukwa choti chimbudzi chikamaliza ndipo michere ikayamba kulowa m'magazi, malo omwe mumalowera mkati mwake mumawombera chimaliziro ndipo ziwalo zonse za m'mimba zimachepetsa.

Koma izi zisanachitike. Kupanga chimbudzi pa iko kokha kumayamba kuyambira pomwe tayika kanthu mkamwa. Timakudya chakudya ndi mano athu ndikusakaniza ndi malovu pogwiritsa ntchito lilime lathu. Imani! Izi ndizofunikira - makamaka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mafuta omwe amapanga maziko a chakudya chathu amayamba kugwera pakamwa, mothandizidwa ndi ma enzyme amisala. Kuwononga ma carbohydrate (mosiyana ndi mapuloteni), chilengedwe chamchere chimafunika, ndipo ndi malo otere omwe amapangidwa pakamwa. Ndiye chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kutafuna chakudya mosamala.

Mwa njira, pazifukwa zomwezo, kumwa chakudya sikulimbikitsidwa - madzi amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa malovu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chakudya chimayamba kuwonongeka.

Tikamameza, chakudya chimalowa m'mero. Sing'angayo salowerera chilichonse, pomwe chakudya chimayenda m'mimba kupita m'mimba, ma enzymes amapitilira ntchito yawo - amaswa chakudya.

Mimba, monga tafotokozera kale, ndi chikwama chopangidwa ndi minofu. Mukamakumba, minofu imayamba kugwira ntchito ndipo imapuma, kuphatikiza ndi kupera chakudya nthawi zonse. Kuyenda kosalekeza koteroko ndikofunikira kuti hydrochloric acid yotulutsidwa ndi tiziwalo timene timayang'aniridwa mkati mwa khoma la m'mimba imalowetsa mkati mwake momwemo. Hydrochloric acid ndi chosungunulira paliponse, chimabweretsa chakudya chochuluka kukhala chopanda ntchito, chomwe chimaloleza kuyamba kuyamwa m'magazi kudzera m'matumbo olowera m'makoma am'mimba.

Zakudya zokhazo zomwe zimafunikira ndi ma cell ndizomwe zimalowa m'magazi.China chilichonse chimachotsedwa pamimba kudzera m'matumbo. Zowona, chimbudzi sichitha pamenepo - gawo la chakudya limapitilirabe kugwidwa m'matumbo, mothandizidwa ndi michere yamatumbo. Pomwe zakudya zimadutsa m'mphete zonse zamatumbo, michereyo (ngakhale sizili mwanjira yolimba kotero) imapitilirabe kulowa m'magazi ndikufalikira thupi lonse.

Mutu 2. Matenda a shuga - kusadziletsa kwa mahomoni

Tavomera kale kuti sitiganizira za matenda ashuga ngati matenda ali abwino kwambiri. Amatha kuchiza matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chake, ndizolondola kwambiri kuti muzindikire ngati gawo la metabolic lomwe limatanthauzira moyo wina. Koma izi zapadera kwambiri zili mu ndege ya malamulo a mahomoni, ndipo mutha kumvetsetsa momwe zimapangidwira pokha kukumbukira (kapena kuwerenga kachiwiri) dongosolo la endocrine ndipo, makamaka, kapangidwe ka kapamba.

Endocrine dongosolo ndi kapamba

Dongosolo la endocrine limaphatikizapo gland ya endocrine yomwe imapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana a thupi (ndiye kuti, tiziwalo timene timatulutsa chinsinsi - zinthu zapadera - mkati mwa ziwalo zam'thupi): pituitary, chithokomiro, kapamba, ziwalo zogonana ndi zina. Tizilombo timeneti timatulutsa timadzi tambiri. Ma Horoni ndi ofunikira ku thupi monga michere ndi okosijeni, zimakhudza machitidwe osiyanasiyana a moyo - monga kagayidwe kazinthu ndi mphamvu, njira za kukula ndi kusinthika, kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi calcium, ndi zina zambiri. Kuchepa kapena kuchuluka kwa mahomoni aliwonse kumayambitsa vuto lonse.

Matenda a shuga ndi chotsatira cha zovuta zapakhosi. Ili kumanzere kumbuyo kwam'mimba, pamimba kumtunda ndikufika ku ndulu, malo ake amatha kulingaliridwa ngati mutagwira dzanja lanu kuchokera mbali yakumanzere pansi pa nthiti mpaka pachombo. Ili ndi magawo awiri odziyimira pawokha: misa yake yayikulu, yomwe imatulutsa timadziti (kapena pancreatic), ndi omwe amatchedwa islets of Langerhans, omwe amangokhala 1-2% ya buku lonse lofunikira. Ndizilumba izi, zomwe zidapezeka m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi akatswiri azachipatala achijeremani Langerhans, omwe amatulutsa mahomoni, kuphatikizapo insulin.

Kodi insulin ndi chifukwa chiyani ikufunika, titha kumvetsetsa tikakumbukira zonse zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa. Choyamba, thupi limapangidwa ndi maselo, ndipo maselo amafunikira zakudya. Lachiwiri ndi zakudya (kuphatikizapo glucose yofunikira kuti mafuta abwezeretsedwe) maselo amalandidwa m'magazi. Chachitatu, glucose amalowa m'magazi chifukwa chakugaya, kuchokera m'mimba, pomwe chakudya chomwe timadya chimayatsidwa. Mwachidule, timadya, ndipo maselo amakhuta.

Koma m'dongosolo losavuta ndi lomveka lomweli, pali malo amodzi osavuta: kuti glucose alowe mu cell ndikuphwanya momwemo ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mphamvu, amafunikira kalozera. Kuwongolera uku ndi insulin.

Izi zitha kufotokozedwa motere. Ingoganizirani khola ngati chipinda chotseka ndi chitseko. Kuti alowe mchipindamu, molekyu ya glucose iyenera kukhala ndi kiyi yomwe ingatsegule khomo. Hemeni wa insulin ndi chifungulo choterocho, popanda chimenecho (kugogoda - osagogoda) simulowa m'chipindacho.

Ndipo pompano, m'modzi mwa anthu khumi akuwombera pulogalamu - "amataya makiyi." Pazifukwa izi zimachitika, sizikudziwika kwathunthu. Wina amalimbikira pa mtundu wa cholowa chobadwa mwa majini (siziri pachabe kuti ana a odwala matenda ashuga ali ndi mwayi wabwino wobwereza zomwe makolo awo adakumana nazo kuposa zomwe makolo awo sanapeze chifukwa chophwanya lamulo lotere). Eya, wina amadzudzula njira yotupa kapena matenda ena kapamba chifukwa cha chilichonse chomwe chimapangitsa kuti ma ispoti a Langerhans awonongeke ndikuleka kupanga insulini.

Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, zotsatira zake ndi chimodzi - glucose amasiya kulowa m'maselo, koma zochuluka zimayamba kudziunjikira m'magazi. Zomwe izi zimatengera - tiwona pang'ono mtsogolo. Pakadali pano, tigwiritsa ntchito mitundu iwiri yosiyanasiyana ya matenda ashuga.

Matenda a shuga a shuga

Mtundu woyamba (womwe wodwala matenda ashuga aliyense amadziwa) ndi wotchedwa "insulin-basedabetes mellitus". Amadziwikanso kuti ISDM. Itha kutchedwa shuga yakale, chifukwa imabwereza ndendende zomwe tafotokozazi - zikondazo zimaleka kutulutsa insulini, ndipo maselo "amatsekedwa" kutsogolo kwa glucose. Mtundu wamavuto amtunduwu umadziwika kuti ndi "matenda osokoneza bongo a achichepere", momwe amadziwonekera adakali aang'ono, nthawi zambiri mpaka zaka 20.

Matenda a shuga a Mtundu woyamba ndi osowa - 2% yokha padziko lapansi amapezeka ndi matendawa. Maselo a pancreatic omwe amapanga insulin sangathe kubwezeretsedwanso - sangasinthidwenso, sangasinthidwe kapena kukulanso. Chifukwa chake, njira yokhayo "yotsegulira" maselo a glucose ndiyo kupanga kwa insulin. Ili ndi ntchito yovuta, chifukwa insulini imayenera kulowa mwachindunji m'magazi musanadye chakudya komanso muyezo. Kupanda kutero, m'malo mwa hyperglycemia (shuga wowonjezera m'magazi), munthu amalandila hypoglycemia (kuchepa kwake kwakukali), wokhala ndi chikomokere ngakhale kufa. Koma asayansi sanapezebe njira ina. Chifukwa chake, kuyankhula za kukana insulini mwa anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga ndizosavuta.

Chinthu chosiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, kapena matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira matenda a shuga (NIDDM). Ili ndi makina osiyana siyana ndi njira zina zothandizira chipukuta misozi. Ino ndi nthawi yokumbukira zomwe tidalankhula za maselo ndi kuthekera "kwachita misala." Pano tikukumana ndi vuto lotere - ndi matenda amtundu wachiwiri, kapamba amagwira ntchito mwachizolowezi ndipo amapanga insulin nthawi zonse. Koma khungu "silikuwona!" Samazindikira pena pake, ndipo ndi! Kukumbukira mtundu wake watuluka, ndipo khungu likupitilizabe kutseka "zitseko", ziribe kanthu kuchuluka kwa glucose komwe kumangiriridwa ndi fungulo la insulin.

Zowona, pankhaniyi, zitseko sizitsekeredwa mwamphamvu, ndipo glucose amalowera pang'onopang'ono. Ndiye chifukwa chake mankhwalawa pakadali pano ndi zakudya zomwe zimachokera pa kukanidwa kwa "zosavuta" komanso makamaka mafuta oyeretsa (shuga, chokoleti ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala nazo) ndikugwiritsa ntchito zovuta, zovuta zamafuta, zomwe zimaphwanya pang'onopang'ono ndipo zimatha kulowa cell, osapanga "traffic traffic" pakhomo.

Thandizo lachiwiri la odwala matenda ashuga a mtundu wa II ndi mankhwala omwe amathandizira kukana (i.e., chiwopsezo) cha maselo kupita ku insulin. "Amabwezeretsa" kukumbukira kwawo, "kukonza" ndikukhalanso olimbitsa thupi. Komabe, pakapita nthawi komanso ndi mtundu wamtunduwu wa shuga, anthu angafunikire insulini yochita kupanga, chifukwa ndizosavuta kuzolowera maselo. Monga lamulo, kusintha kwa insulin kumachitika ngati, mwa njira zamasiku onse, shuga wamagazi sangathenso kuchepetsedwa. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika chifukwa chazinthu zopanda pake zokha, zosagwirizana ndi zakudya kapena chifukwa cha matenda oyanjana.

Ndikosatheka kutsutsana ndi matenda ashuga. Sizothekanso kukana jakisoni wa insulin mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga 1. Koma matenda ashuga amtundu wachiwiri (ndipo kuzindikira kumeneku kumapangidwa mu 80% ya milandu yodziwira matenda osokoneza bongo) atha kubwezeredwa ndi moyo, zakudya komanso mankhwala apadera. Ndiye kuti, ndi izi, ndikotheka komanso kofunikira kuchita popanda insulini. Ndikokwanira kudziwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito malamulo omwe tidzafotokozere mbali yachiwiri ya buku lino.

Zotsatira za kuperewera kwa shuga m'magazi

Koma tisanapite ku maupangiri enaake, tiwone zomwe zimachitika ngati simusamala chidwi ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Pankhaniyi, magazi, monga munthu aliyense wathanzi, amadzaza ndi shuga, omwe, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa insulin (mtundu wa I shuga) kapena kusayenda bwino kwake (mtundu II matenda ashuga), sangathe kulowa kapena kulowa m'selo mokwanira. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kwakukulu (hyperglycemia), ndipo maselo amayamba kufa ndi njala ndikutumiza zokhudzana ndi zovuta zawo.Thupi limakhudzana ndi izi motere: Masitolo a shuga ochokera ku chiwindi amayamba kumasulidwa, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachulukanso, koma maselo amasiyidwa popanda chakudya. Kenako kugawanikana kwamafuta omwe amapezeka m'thupi kumayambira ndikupanga matupi omwe amatchedwa ketone - acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric acid ndi acetaldehyde. Matupi a Ketone, monga glucose, amathanso kupatsa maselo mphamvu, koma akalowa m'magazi, mulingo wa asidi umasokonekera. Zotsatira zake ndi ketoacidosis (acidization ya mkati wamkati), chikomokere ndi imfa.

Mawonekedwe achisoni omwe amafotokozedwa ndi ine ali ngati amtundu wa matenda ashuga amtundu wa shuga (umu ndi momwe anthu odwala matenda ashuga amwalira kale), koma ngakhale ndi odwala omwe samadalira insulin - pokhapokha ngati ataperekedwa, simulandanso vuto. Pankhaniyi, pali gawo lina la insulin yawo yabwino, maselo amatenga pang'ono glucose ndipo sakhala osakomoka, koma pali zizindikiro za matenda.

Choyamba, maselo samalandira chakudya chokwanira, ndipo izi zimadzetsa kufooka ndi kutopa. Kachiwiri, thupi limadziteteza ku mavuto, limalimbikitsa kukodza kwambiri ndipo limayamba kupaka shuga mkodzo (izi zimatchedwa glucosuria), chifukwa, minofu imasowa madzi, chinyezi, mchere wothandiza komanso kulemera kwakukulu zimatayika, pamakhala ludzu losalekeza, komanso kufunika kwa kumwa kumachulukitsa mpaka malita 8-8 patsiku, ndipo mkodzo umatulutsa nthawi zambiri 3-4 nthawi (polyuria). Chachitatu, ndi hyperglycemia, ma cell a ubongo, ma lens ndi makhoma amitsempha yamagazi (zomwe sizikufunika insulin) zimatenga glucose mopambanitsa, chifukwa chake pamakhala kumva kwambiri m'mutu, kuthekera kwina kovuta, lesiyo imayamba kukhala mitambo chifukwa cha shuga ochulukirapo, maukhuthu amawonongeka amachepa , zotupa za mtima zimachitika. Mwanjira imeneyi, hyperglycemia - chifukwa cha matenda osakhazikika a shuga - imativutitsa katatu.

Zotsatira zazitali za matenda osachiritsika omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kuthana ndi mtima zimatha kutchedwa. Izi ndi matenda achiwiri omwe amayambitsa kufa koyambirira pakati pa odwala matenda ashuga omwe samalabadira thanzi lawo. Makoma amitsempha yamagazi yokhala ndi shuga wokwezeka nthawi zonse amakhala osalimba komanso osalimba. Alibe nthawi yoyankhira kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka magazi, kamene kamadzaza ndi zotupa zamkati.

Mu malo achiwiri pafupipafupi zimachitika ndi matenda a shuga. Zimakhalanso zowopsa chifukwa zimakhalabe zosawoneka kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa sizimayambitsa kupweteka kwambiri kapena mawonekedwe ena achipatala. Monga lamulo, zizindikiro zoyambirira zapoizoni m'thupi ndi zinthu zosagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ambiri zimawonongeka pokhapokha ngati sizingatheke kupulumutsa impso. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti muwone ngati mkodzo mumakhala kamodzi pachaka. Chizindikiro cha njira za pathological chikhoza kukhala kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, mapuloteni omwe amawunikira mkodzo, ndikuwonetsa khungu pa impso. Komabe, ndikokwanira kudziwa kuti hyperglycemia yosatha imayambitsa nephropathy, ndikuwunika kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Vuto lina lotsatira ndilo khungu la matenda ashuga. Kusintha kwachilengedwe mu fundus nthawi zambiri kumachitika pambuyo pa zaka 5 mpaka 10 kuchokera pomwe matenda amayambika. Munjira zambiri, zotengera zosalimba ziyeneranso kuimbidwa mlandu - zimaleka kupereka maso ndi magazi okwanira, ndipo minofu imafa pang'onopang'ono. Palibe chifukwa chochiritsira khungu la matenda ashuga popanda kulipiritsa shuga. Ndikwabwino kuyang'anira chizindikirochi osabweretsa zovuta zina.

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi matenda monga matenda ashuga othamanga. Ili ndi zovuta zovuta za anatomophysiological, zomwe muzochitika zapamwamba zimatha kudula miyendo.Matendawa amatenga mavuto akulu atatu - kufa kwa maselo am'mitsempha m'mitsempha yam'munsi (munthu akumva kupsinjika ndi miyendo), kuphwanya kwamankhwala am'magazi, komanso kuthana ndi mabala ang'ono. Chowonadi ndi chakuti pochepetsedwa ndi kayendedwe kazinthu zamanjenje komanso zowazungulira, khungu kumapazi limachotsedwa mosavuta ndikusweka. Matenda amatenga mabala ndi ming'alu, omwe mwa izi nthawi yomweyo amatulutsa ndi mawonekedwe okongola. Zilonda zazitali zosachiritsa zimapangidwa, poizoni womwe umayamba kuwononga thupi lonse.

Talemba mndandanda wamavuto akulu omwe amabwera ndi matenda ashuga, ngati simukuyesetsa kuchepetsa shuga. Koma izi zonse mutha kuzipewa ngati mumvera upangiri wa akatswiri.

Mutu 3. Chenjezo - onyoza!

Palinso mutu wina womwe sitingalephere kukopa chidwi cha owerenga. Ngakhale kuti shuga imakhala yogawika m'magulu awiri, koma pali mitundu yake yambiri. Ndi kuti ali osowa kwambiri. Mpaka posachedwapa, anthu amakhulupirira kuti matenda amtundu wa II amakula okhaokha. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwa, mkhalidwe - makamaka ndi matenda a ana - wasintha kwambiri. Poyamba tinkakhulupirira kuti matendawa akadali a zaka makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu zisanu ndi zinayi mwa zana ndi mtundu wa matenda a shuga, koma, monga zidachitika chifukwa cha kafukufuku wambiri, lingaliro ili ndilolakwika. Kutengera mtundu wawo, 8-45% ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga ali amitundu ina:

• kuyimira matenda ashuga a II a ana, omwe sathanso kufupika ndipo amayamba chifukwa cha moyo wopanda thanzi wam'badwo wathu wachinyamata - kusowa zolimbitsa thupi, chakudya chochuluka, komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Kukhazikika kuti ana a ku Africa-America, Latin America, komanso nzika zaku Caucasus amakonda matendawa. Ana omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa II amathandizidwa, ngati achikulire, pakudya ndi mapiritsi,

• kwa mtundu wa matenda a shuga - kachilombo kamene kamayambira matenda a shuga, omwe amapezeka ubwana, unyamata ndi unyamata ndipo amatenga matenda ofanana ndi matenda amtundu wa II. Amathandizidwa ngati kale, ndi zakudya ndi mankhwala a pakamwa.

• Matenda a neonatal chifukwa cha zovuta zobadwa nazo. Mawu akuti "neonatal" amatanthauza m'badwo wa wodwala - nthawi zambiri mwana amakhala milungu isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira. Poyamba, wodwala wocheperako amakhala ndi zizindikiro zonse za IDDM (kuchepa madzi m'thupi, kuchepa thupi kwambiri, glucose wambiri), ndipo mwana amathandizidwa ndi insulin kwa miyezi itatu kapena inayi. Kenako pakubwera nyengo yachikhululukiro, chomwe chitha kukhala zaka 4-25 (ndiye kuti, kukhala zazitali kwambiri), ndipo panthawiyi mwana (kapena wamkulu) safuna insulini, mapiritsi, kapena chakudya - ali ndi matenda a shuga sakanafuna. Koma matenda ashuga amabwerera nthawi zovuta m'moyo, kupsinjika kwakukulu, matenda opatsirana, ndi pakati - pomwe kufunika kwa insulin ndikofunikira kwambiri. Matenda a shuga amabwereranso - ndipo nthawi zambiri amayambanso ndi zovuta. Milandu isanu ndi itatu yanenedwa ku Russia, ndi asanu ndi anayi ku USA.

Timangokhala pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda ashuga a ana, chifukwa ali ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi ochiritsa. Matenda oyamba a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika masiku ano, omwe amakopa alendo ambiri omwe amaganiza kuti ali ndi njira yochizira matendawa. Omvera awa samangokhala a psychics, shamans ndi yogis, komanso madokotala otsogola omwe makolo awo ndi omwe amawalondolera ana omwe akudwala, makamaka panthawi yoyambirira ya matenda pamene abambo ndi amayi sayenda machitidwe, adadzidzimuka, ndipo ali okonzeka kulipira ndalama zilizonse kuti apulumutsidwe mwana wanu.Kwa ochita zolakwika omwe ali ndi maphunziro azachipatala omwe amamvetsetsa tanthauzo la nkhaniyi, mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa II ndimulungu: ndizotheka kuchiritsa wodwalayo nthawi yayikulu, ndiye kuti "amuchotsere" ku insulin. Tikukulimbikitsani kuti musamale kwambiri pazinthu zotere - musakhale aulesi kuti muthane ndi akatswiri angapo, phunzirani zolemba, yang'anani motsutsa malingaliro onse. Zilibe kanthu kuti mungagawane ndi ndalama zowonjezerazo - zimakhala zoyipa kwambiri ngati mwana wakhanda wafika poipa chifukwa cha "chithandizo" chotere.

Mawu enanso owerengeka

Ngakhale kuti chinthu choyamba madokotala aanthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba wa 2 amachenjeza za izi kuti ndizosapeweka, anthu akupitilizabe kuyembekezera zozizwitsa. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi mphekesera zosiyanasiyana zakuchiritsa kodabwitsa. Pofuna kuti musagwere oseketsa, muyenera kumvetsetsa komwe mphekesera zoterezi zimachokera komanso zomwe zenizeni zingachitike.

Nthawi zambiri, mphekesera zotere zimayenderana ndi malingaliro olakwika okhudza matenda ashuga ngati matenda okhawo omwe amachititsa kuti shuga azikhala ndi shuga. Wodwala yemwe wakumana ndi vuto lotere amapezeka ndi matenda a "chithokomiro chifukwa cha matenda a chithokomiro," koma mawu oti "yachiwiri" amagwa m'mutu mwake - kapena kuchotsedwa kwa abwenzi ndi abale. Chomwe chatsala ndi mawu omwe amakumbukiridwa bwino a matenda ashuga. Kenako nthendayi yoyambira imachiritsidwa, ndipo matenda ashuga amadutsa nawonso - matenda ashuga. Ndipo wodwala wathu wakale amayamba kunena kuti, tsopano, anali ndi matenda a shuga, koma adachira. Mutha kumva nkhani zosangalatsa kwambiri kuchokera kwa azimayi: m'mwezi wachisanu ndi chitatu wa pakati, ndidwala matenda ashuga, ndipo milungu itatu nditabereka zonse zidasowa.

Koma tazindikira kale gulu la matenda ashuga omwe afotokozedwa pamwambapa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti timamvetsetsa kusiyana pakati pa matenda ashuga komanso oyambira. Mtundu woyamba wa shuga woyamba ndi mtundu wa II ndi osachiritsika. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mothandizidwa ndi azachipatala palibe milandu yodziwika yothetsa matenda ashuga oyamba. Ngati titenga matenda enanso owopsa - khansa, ndiye kuti, chidziwitso cha zozizwitsa zochepa koma zodalirika, chotupa chosagwiritsidwa ntchito mwadzidzidzi chimatha ndipo munthuyo amakhalabe ndi moyo. Izi zidachitika mothandizidwa ndi zochitika zina, zomwe titha kusankha mwanjira yakunyumba: kulimbikitsa chuma chamkati komanso chitetezo chamthupi mthupi mopanda malire. Sitingakhale achi Orthodox ndi kuvomereza kuti nthawi zina kulimbikitsa kotereku kunachitika motsogozedwa ndi mizimu. Inde zinali! Mwina anali - ndi zotupa za khansa ndi matenda ena. Koma ndi matenda ashuga oyambira, miseru yotereyi sigwira ntchito. Palibe chifukwa chilichonse chakuti thupi lathu limatha kusinthanso maselo a beta kapena "kukonza" mamolekyulu a insulin.

Komabe, mphekesera kuti akatswiri azamankhwala ndi akatswiri azamankhwala ochiritsira amachiritsa matenda oyamba a shuga amayendayenda pakati pa odwala. Ochiritsa othandiza amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: akatswiri odziwa ntchito komanso akhwangwala. Katswiri yemwe amadziwa kukula kwa mphamvu zake ndi kuthekera kwake, akumvetsetsa momwe matendawo aliri, sadzalonjeza kukuchiritsani matenda a shuga. Zimatha kubweretsa mpumulo ku matendawa, kukhazikika pamlingo wa shuga - polumikizitsa "zodabwitsa komanso chitetezo champhamvu" chomwechi. Zotsatira zake zimawonekera kwambiri makamaka pakakhala matenda ashuga akulu, pamene mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo ukusinthasintha pakati pa hypo- ndi hyperglycemia. Koma kuchepetsa matenda ashuga sichichiritsa, mfundo iyi iyenera kuvomerezedwa molimba mtima ndikumvetsetsa.

Zochita za ochiritsa okhwima, zimafa kwa wodwala matenda ashuga. Nthawi zina ochiritsawa amafuna kuti wodwalayo akane kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga kapena insulini, chifukwa izi "zimasokoneza" chithandizo chawo. Pankhani ya matenda a shuga omwe amadalira odwala matenda a shuga, zotsatirapo zake zimakhala zovuta kwambiri: ketoacidosis imayamba, kenako nthenda ya matenda ashuga komanso imfa.Milandu ngati imeneyi imalembedwa ndipo, mwatsoka, imachitika chaka chilichonse.

Zowopsa, komanso nthawi zambiri zosagwira, milandu ndiyomwe imayikidwa pazakudya zingapo zothandizira anthu odwala matenda ashuga. BAA ndichakudya chowonjezera. Ndipo cholinga chake chokha ndikuwonjezera michere yaying'ono pachakudya chathu chomwe timasowa ndi chakudya. M'malo mwake, kuvulaza kuchokera pazakudya zowonjezera zakudya sikuyenera kukhala, koma kuti azigwirizanitsa kufunikira kwawo ngati mankhwala kapena, kuwonjezera apo, kuchiritsa kozizwitsa, sikuyenera.

Kumbukirani kuti zowonjezera pazakudya, monga mankhwala azitsamba, simupereka chiphaso chazachipatala. Koma zowonjezera izi ndizotalikira kwa onse ndipo sizili zovulaza nthawi zonse, ndipo sitilangiza odwala matenda ashuga kuti azimwa. Sangathe kuvulaza thanzi lanu, koma adzakuchotserani chikwama chanu. M'malo mwake, gulirani glucometer, gwiritsani ntchito magawo oyesa, ndikuyang'anira shuga yanu kuti ikulipireni. Mapindu apa ndi osatsutsika. Nachi zitsanzo chimodzi chokha: odwala matenda ashuga ambiri amakonda maswiti, samakumana ndi mavuto ngakhale ali ndi shuga ambiri, ndikuphwanya zakudya zawo pololera kudya mkate. Bwanji osadya ngati mutabayira insulin m'mawa? Koma mita ikuwonetsa kuti mutatha keke ili, shuga wanu wakwera mpaka 18 mmol / l, ndipo nthawi ina mukaganiza mosamala musanadye mkate wopanda pakeyu!

Chifukwa chake, sitidalira zozizwitsa, pa mankhwala azitsamba, amatsenga ndi anzeru komanso kutembenukira kuzinthu zenizeni, kusamba ndi kutikita minofu, kulandira mankhwala opha ziwalo ndi acupuncture, mankhwala ofooketsa a m'mimba ndi mankhwala azitsamba, mavitamini ndi michere. Zida zonsezi zakhala zikudziwika kuyambira kale ndipo zimabweretsa phindu mosakayikira. Zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga m'magazi (mwachitsanzo, tincture wa tsamba la mabulosi), ndi mankhwala omwe samakhudzana ndi glucose, koma amalimbikitsa kagayidwe kazinthu ndipo amapindulitsa mitsempha yamagazi ndikugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana.

Kutenga kwa glucose

Zochita zamakono zamasayansi zasanthula bwino njira zamatenda a shuga. Zitha kuwoneka kuti matendawa ndi amodzi ndipo ndi osiyana mosiyanasiyana. Koma zenizeni, akupanga njira zosiyanasiyana.

Monga tanenera kale pamwambapa, mitundu yoyamba komanso yachiwiri ya matenda ashuga imakumana nawo kwambiri, yomwe imasiyana pakati pawo munjira yopanga chitukuko, zoyambitsa, mphamvu zazikulu, chithunzi cha chipatala, motsatana, komanso njira zamankhwala.

Kuti mumvetsetse momwe magwiritsidwe ntchito a kakonzedwe ka matenda amasiyanirana, muyenera kumvetsetsa mfundo ya kuphatikiza shuga pa ma cellular:

Mphamvu ya glucose ndi mphamvu yomwe imalowa mthupi la munthu limodzi ndi chakudya. Pambuyo pakuwonekera m'maselo, mawonekedwe ake amawonedwa, njira za oxidative zimachitika, ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumachitika minofu yofewa.
Kuti "ndidutse" zimitsemvu za m'magazi, glucose amafunika wochititsa.
Ndipo pamenepa, ndi insulin ya mahomoni, yomwe imapangidwa ndi kapamba. Makamaka, imapangidwa ndi maselo a pancreatic beta.

Insulin italowa m'magazi, ndipo zomwe zimapangidwa zimasungidwa pamlingo winawake. Ndipo chakudya chikadzafika, shuga amamwa, ndiye amalowa m'magazi. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikupereka thupi mphamvu yogwira ntchito yonse ya ziwalo zamkati ndi machitidwe.

Kuwala kumatha kulowa mkati mwa khoma la cell ndekha chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake, popeza molekyulu ndi yolemera.

Chifukwa chake, ndi insulin yomwe imapangitsa kuti membalawo azilowa, chifukwa chake glucose amalowerera mkati mwake.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga

Kutengera zambiri zomwe zanenedwa pamwambapa, ndikotheka kunena kuti popanda kuchepa kwa mahomoni, khungu limakhala "lanjala", lomwe limapangitsa kuti pakhale matenda okoma.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga umadalira timadzi, ndipo ndende ya insulin imatha kutsika kwambiri mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zoyipa.

Poyamba pali chiyembekezo cha majini.Asayansi anena momveka bwino kuti tinthu tina tating'onoting'ono timatha kupatsira munthu, yemwe, mothandizidwa ndi zovuta, "amadzuka," zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.

Matenda a shuga angayambike mothandizidwa ndi zinthu izi:

Kuphwanya magwiridwe a kapamba, mapangidwe a chotupa chamkati, kuvulala kwake.
Matenda a ma virus, matenda a autoimmune.
Zowopsa mthupi.

Muzochitika zambiri, sichinthu chimodzi chomwe chimatsogolera pakukula kwa matendawa, koma angapo nthawi imodzi. Mtundu woyamba wa pathology umatengera mwachindunji pakupanga kwa mahomoni, chifukwa chake umatchedwa insulin.

Nthawi zambiri, matenda a shuga amapezeka ali mwana kapena aang'ono. Ngati matenda atapezeka, wodwalayo amapatsidwa insulin. Mlingo ndi pafupipafupi kugwiritsa ntchito amalimbikitsidwa payekhapayekha.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin kumathandiza kuti wodwalayo akhale bwino, komanso amalola thupi kuchita zofunikira zonse za metabolic mokwanira. Komabe, pali zovuta zina:

Pewani shuga mthupi tsiku lililonse.
Kuwerengera mosamala mlingo wa mahomoni.
Pafupipafupi makonzedwe a insulin amabweretsa kusintha kwa atrophic mu minofu minofu pamalo a jekeseni.
Poyerekeza ndi matenda ashuga, chitetezo cha mthupi chimachepa mu odwala, motero mwayi wa matenda opatsirana ukuwonjezeka.

Vuto la matenda amtunduwu ndikuti nthawi zambiri ana ndi achinyamata amadwala. Mawonedwe awo amawonongeka, kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni kumawonedwa, komwe kumapangitsa kuti kuchepa kwa nthawi yakutha msinkhu.

Kukhazikika kwa mahomoni ndizofunikira kwambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala bwino, koma, kumbali ina, imachepetsa ufulu wogwira ntchito.

Type 2 shuga

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga uli ndi njira yosiyaniraniratu. Ngati mtundu woyamba wa matenda a zamitsempha umatengera mphamvu yakunja komanso momwe thupi liliri losakwanira pazida zapakati, mtundu wachiwiri ndi wosiyana kwambiri.

Monga lamulo, mtundu uwu wa shuga umadziwika ndi kupita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri umapezeka mwa anthu atatha zaka 35. Zomwe zimakonzedweratu ndi izi: kunenepa kwambiri, kupsinjika, kudya kopanda thanzi, kukhala phee.

Type 2abetes mellitus ndi shuga yemwe amadalira insulin, yemwe amadziwika ndi vuto la hyperglycemic, chomwe ndi zotsatira za vuto la kupanga insulin. Kuthamanga kwa glucose kumachitika chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwa zolakwika zina mu thupi la munthu.

Mosiyana ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe amtunduwu, pali kuchuluka kwamahomoni m'thupi, koma chiwopsezo cha maselo pazomwe zimachitika chimachepa.
Zotsatira zake, glucose sangathe kulowa m'maselo omwe amatsogolera ku "njala" yawo, koma shuga samasowa kwina kulikonse, amadziunjikira m'magazi, omwe amatsogolera ku hypoglycemic state.
Kuphatikiza apo, magwiridwe antchito a kapamba amasokonezeka, amayamba kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mahomoni kuti athe kulipira chiwopsezo cha ma cell ochepa.

Monga lamulo, pamlingo wotere, dokotalayo amalimbikitsa kuti awonenso moperewera zakudya zake, amupatsa zakudya zofunikira, zakudya zina zamasiku onse. Mitambo imayikidwa kuti izithandiza kukulitsa chidwi cha maselo mpaka mahomoni.

Ngati chithandizo chotere sichothandiza, gawo lotsatira ndikupereka mankhwala oti muchepetse shuga. Choyamba, amathandizira amitundu imodzi, pambuyo pake amatha kuvomereza kuphatikiza kwa mankhwala angapo ochokera m'magulu osiyanasiyana.

Ndi kuphunzira kwa nthawi yayitali kwa matenda ashuga komanso kugwira ntchito kwambiri kwa pancreatic, komwe kumalumikizidwa ndikupanga kuchuluka kwa insulin, kutsekemera kwa mkati mwa thupi sikumayikidwa padera, chifukwa chomwe pali kutchulidwa kwachilendo kwa mahomoni.

Pankhaniyi, njira yokhayo yotumizira ndikupereka insulin. Ndiye kuti, njira zamankhwala zimasankhidwa, monga mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga.

Pamodzi ndi izi, odwala ambiri amaganiza kuti mtundu wina wa matenda asintha kuchoka ku wina. Makamaka, kusintha kwa mtundu wa 2 kukhala mtundu wa 1 kunachitika. Koma izi siziri choncho.

Kodi matenda amtundu wa 2 angayambire mtundu 1?

Ndiye, kodi onse angafanane, matenda a shuga a 2 angalowe mwa mtundu woyamba? Zochita zamankhwala zikuwonetsa kuti izi sizingatheke. Tsoka ilo, izi sizipangitsa kuti odwala asamavutike.

Ngati ziphuphu zakumaso zimatayika machitidwe, ndiye kuti mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda umakhala wopanda. Kunena kwina, osati kokha kuti minofu yofewa imataya chidwi ndi mahomoni, palinso insulin yokwanira mthupi.

Pankhaniyi, likukwaniritsidwa kuti njira yokhayo yothandizira kukhalabe ndi zofunika kwa wodwalayo ndi jakisoni wokhala ndi mahomoni. Monga momwe masewera amasonyezera, pokhapokha pokhapokha pokhapokha pomwe amatha kuchita zinthu ngati akanthawi pang'ono.

Pazambiri zamatenda azachipatala, ngati insulin idalembedwa nthawi yachiwiri yamatenda, wodwalayo ayenera kupanga jakisoni m'moyo wake wonse.

Matenda a shuga amtundu 1 amadziwika ndi kuperewera kwamadzi mu thupi la munthu. Ndiye kuti, maselo a pancreatic samatulutsa insulini. Pankhaniyi, jakisoni wa insulin ndi wofunikira pazifukwa zaumoyo.

Koma ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda, kuchepa kwa insulin kumachitika, ndiye kuti, insulini ndi yokwanira, koma maselo sazindikira. Zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi.

Chifukwa chake, titha kunena kuti mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga sungathe kulowa mu mtundu woyamba wa matenda.

Ngakhale maina ofanana, ma pathologies amasiyana mu njira zopangira chitukuko, mphamvu ya maphunzirowa, komanso njira zamankhwala zothandizira.

Zosiyanitsa

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga umachitika chifukwa ma cell a "pancreatic cell" amawukira "chitetezo chawo cha mthupi, zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa kupanga kwa insulin, komwe kumapangitsa kukula kwa shuga mthupi.

Mtundu wachiwiri umayamba pang'onopang'ono poyerekeza ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba. Ma cell receptor amataya kumverera kwawo kwa insulin pang'onopang'ono, ndipo izi zimatsogolera kuti shuga ya magazi imadziunjikira.

Ngakhale kuti chifukwa chenicheni chomwe chimatsogolera pakukula kwa matendawa sichinakhazikitsidwe, asayansi adafupikitsa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kupezeka kwa matendawa.

Makhalidwe apadera kutengera zomwe zidachitika:

Amakhulupirira kuti zinthu zikuluzikulu zomwe zimatsagana ndi kukhazikika kwa mtundu wachiwiri ndi kunenepa kwambiri, kumangokhala, komanso kudya zopanda thanzi. Ndipo ndi mtundu 1, matenda am'mimba amayamba chifukwa cha chiwonongeko cha autoimmune ma cell a pancreatic, ndipo izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kachilombo ka virus (rubella).
Ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, cholowa chimatha. Amakhulupirira kuti nthawi zambiri, ana amatengera zinthu kuchokera kwa makolo onse awiri. Nawonso, mtundu wachiwiri uli ndi ubale wamphamvu wolimba ndi mbiri ya banja.

Ngakhale pali zina zomwe zimatisiyanitsa, matendawa amakhala ndi zotsatirapo zina - ichi ndiye chitukuko cha zovuta zazikulu.

Pakadali pano, palibe njira zochizira matenda oyamba a shuga. Komabe, asayansi akuwona phindu lomwe lingakhalepo la kuphatikiza ma immunosuppressants ndi mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa gastrin, yomwe imapangitsa kubwezeretsanso ntchito ya pancreatic.

Ngati njira yatsopano yotanthauzira kuti "moyo", ingalole anthu odwala matenda ashuga kusiya insulin kwamuyaya.

Ponena za mtundu wachiwiriwo, palibenso njira yomwe ingachiritse wodwalayo kwanthawi yonse.Kutsatira malingaliro onse a dotolo, chithandizo chokwanira chimathandiza kulipirira matendawa, koma osachiritsika.

Kutengera ndi zomwe tafotokozazi, titha kunena kuti mtundu wina wa matenda ashuga sungatenge mtundu wina. Koma palibe chomwe chimasintha kuchokera ku chowonadi ichi, popeza T1DM ndi T2DM ndizodzaza ndi zovuta, ndipo ma pathologies awa ayenera kuwongoleredwa mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo. Kodi ndi mitundu yanji ya shuga yomwe ili muvidiyoyi.

Zinthu za insulin mankhwala nthawi yayitali

Chithandizo cha insulin chakanthawi kochepa chimaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la concomitant (kwambiri chibayo, kulowetsedwa kwa myocardial, ndi zina zambiri), mukamayang'anitsitsa shuga wa magazi pamafunika kuchira msanga. Kapena muzochitika zomwe wodwalayo sangathe kumwa mapiritsi (matenda amkatikati mwa m'mimba, kumapeto kwa operekera opaleshoni, makamaka pamimba, ndi zina zambiri).

Matenda akulu amawonjezera kufunika kwa insulin m'thupi la munthu aliyense. Mwina munamvapo za hyperglycemia wopanikizika pamene magazi a magazi amatuluka mwa munthu wopanda matenda a shuga panthawi ya chimfine kapena matenda ena omwe amapezeka ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso / kapena kuledzera.

Madokotala amalankhula za nkhawa ya hyperglycemia yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi okwanira 7.8 mmol / L mwa odwala omwe ali kuchipatala chifukwa cha matenda osiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, 31% ya odwala omwe ali m'mawodi othandizira komanso kuchokera 44 mpaka 80% ya odwala omwe ali m'mawodi a postoperative ndi malo othandizira odwala kwambiri adakweza kuchuluka kwa glucose, ndipo 80% ya iwo m'mbuyomu analibe matenda a shuga. Odwala oterowo amatha kuyamba kupatsa insulini kudzera m'mitsempha kapena pang'onopang'ono mpaka mawonekedwe atalipidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, madokotala samazindikira msanga matenda a shuga, koma amayang'anira wodwalayo.

Ngati ali ndi hemoglobin yapamwamba kwambiri (HbA1c pamwambapa 6.5%), yomwe ikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa glucose m'miyezi itatu yapitayi, ndipo glucose wamagazi samatulutsa nthawi yomweyo akamachira, ndiye kuti akupezeka ndi matenda a shuga ndipo amamuthandizanso chithandizo. Pankhaniyi, ngati ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga atha kupatsidwa mankhwala kapena insulin ikhoza kupitilizidwa - zonse zimatengera matenda omwe amakhalapo. Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti opareshoni kapena machitidwe a madotolo adayambitsa matenda ashuga, monga momwe odwala athu amafotokozera nthawi zambiri ("adaonjezera shuga ...", ndi zina). Zimangowonetsa komwe kukonzekera kuli. Koma tidzakambirana za izi pambuyo pake.

Chifukwa chake, ngati munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 atenga matenda oopsa, malo ake osungirako insulin sangakhale okwanira kuti akwaniritse kufunika kotsutsana ndi kupsinjika, ndipo asamutsira insulin mankhwala, ngakhale atakhala kuti sanafunenso insulin kale. Nthawi zambiri, akachira, wodwalayo amayambanso kumwa mapiritsi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati adachitidwa opareshoni pamimba yake, ndiye kuti adzalangizidwa kuti apitilize kuperekanso insulin, ngakhale ngati chinsinsi chake cha insulin chitasungidwa. Mlingo wa mankhwalawa udzakhala wocheperako.

Kupitilira mankhwala a insulin

Kumbukirani kuti mtundu wa 2 shuga ndi matenda opita patsogolo, pomwe mphamvu ya ma cell a pancreatic beta imayamba kuchepa. Chifukwa chake, mlingo wa mankhwalawa umasinthasintha, nthawi zambiri umapitilira, mpaka pang'onopang'ono umafikira pazomwe zimapatsidwa zotsatira zoyipa zamapiritsi. Kenako ndikofunikira kusinthira ku chithandizo cha insulin, ndipo chidzakhala chokhazikika, mlingo ndi mawonekedwe a insulin okha ndi omwe angasinthe. Inde, pali odwala otere omwe kwa nthawi yayitali, kwa zaka, amatha kukhala pachakudya kapena chochepa cha mankhwala ndikulipirira. Izi zitha kuchitika, ngati matenda a shuga a mtundu 2 adapezeka koyambirira ndipo ntchito ya beta-cell idasungika bwino, ngati wodwalayo atha kuchepetsa thupi, amawunika zakudya zake ndikumayenda kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kukonza kapamba - mwa kuyankhula kwina, ngati insulin yanu sinawonongeke ndiyosiyana zakudya zovulaza.

Kapena mwina wodwalayo analibe matenda ashuga, koma panali prediabetes kapena hyperglycemia (onani pamwambapa) ndipo madotolo adafulumira kuti adziwe matenda a shuga 2. Ndipo popeza matenda ashuga enieni sawachiritsa, nkovuta kuchotsa kuzindikira komwe kale kudali kale. Mwa munthu wotere, shuga wa magazi amatha kutuluka kangapo pachaka motsutsana ndi kupsinjika kapena matenda, ndipo nthawi zina shuga amakhala wabwinobwino. Komanso, mankhwalawa amachepetsa shuga kwa odwala okalamba omwe amayamba kudya pang'ono, amachepetsa thupi, monga ena amanenera, "kuwuma", kufunikira kwawo kwa insulin kumachepa ndipo ngakhale chithandizo cha matenda ashuga sichitha. Koma pazambiri zambiri, mlingo wa mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri umakulira.

KUYAMBIRA KWA INSULIN THERAPY

Monga momwe ndawonera kale, mankhwala a insulin a 2 mtundu wa shuga nthawi zambiri amadziwika pambuyo pa zaka 5 mpaka 10 kuchokera nthawi yopezeka ndi matenda. Dokotala wodziwa bwino, akaona wodwala atafufuza “mwatsopano,” amatha kudziwa moyenera nthawi yomwe angafune chithandizo cha insulin. Zimatengera gawo lomwe matenda a shuga adapezeka. Ngati glucose wamagazi ndi HbA1c panthawi yofufuza sakhala wambiri (glucose mpaka 8-10 mmol / L, HbA1c mpaka 7-7,5%), izi zikutanthauza kuti insulin yosungidwa idapulumutsidwa ndipo wodwala amatha kumwa mapiritsi kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndipo ngati shuga m'magazi ndi apamwamba kuposa 10 mmol / l, pamapezeka mkodzo, ndiye kuti pazaka 5 zotsatira wodwalayo angafunikire insulini. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti insulin ilibe zotsatira zoyipa pakugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zamkati. "Mbali yake" yokhayo ndi hypoglycemia (kutsitsa magazi), yomwe imachitika munthu akapatsidwa mankhwala ochuluka a insulin kapena ngati sanadye bwino. Odwala ophunzitsidwa bwino, hypoglycemia ndiyosowa kwambiri.!

Zimachitika kuti wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, ngakhale opanda matenda ena, amawayikira mwachangu insulin mokwanira, monga amtundu woyamba. Tsoka ilo, izi sizosowa. Izi ndichifukwa choti mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umayamba pang'onopang'ono, munthu amatha kuwona pakamwa lowuma, kukodza pafupipafupi kwa zaka zingapo, koma osafunsa dokotala pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Zosungidwa zomwe munthu amapanga zimatulutsa insulin yake, ndiye kuti amatha kupita kuchipatala pomwe magazi a shuga apitilira 20 mmol / l, acetone wapezeka mkodzo (chizindikiro cha kukhalapo kwa vuto lalikulu - ketoacidosis). Ndiye kuti, chilichonse chimapita molingana ndi mtundu wa matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba ndipo ndikovuta kuti madokotala azindikire kuti ndi mtundu wanji wa matenda a shuga. Panthawi imeneyi, mayeso ena owonjezera (ma antibodies to cell a beta) ndi mbiri yakale yotenga thandizo. Ndipo kenako zimapezeka kuti wodwalayo ndi wonenepa kwambiri kwanthawi yayitali, pafupifupi zaka 5-7 zapitazo adawuzidwa kachipatala koyamba kuti shuga ya magazi imakwezedwa pang'ono (kuyambika kwa matenda ashuga). Koma sanazindikire kufunika kulikonse kwa izi, sanakhale moyo wolimba kwambiri ngati kale.

Miyezi ingapo yapitayo zidafika poipa: kufooka kosalekeza, kunenepa kwambiri, etc. Iyi ndi nkhani yeniyeni. Pazonse, ngati wodwala wathunthu wa mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga ayamba kuchepa thupi popanda chifukwa chomveka (osatsatira kadyedwe), ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kuchepa kwa ntchito ya pancreatic. Tonsefe timadziwa kuchokera pazomwe takumana nazo kuti ndizovuta kwambiri kuchepetsa thupi m'magawo oyamba a matenda ashuga, pomwe malo a beta-cell amasungidwa. Koma ngati munthu wodwala matenda a shuga a 2 akuchepera, ndipo shuga akadakulabe, ndiye kuti ndi nthawi yokwanira insulin! Ngati wodwala wodwala matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri wakhazikitsidwa kale kuti akhale ndi insulin, ndiye kuti mwina angathe kuimitsidwa mtsogolomo, ngati ena osungidwa m'thupi atabisidwa. Kumbukirani kuti insulini si mankhwala, sichidakwa.

M'malo mwake, kuwunika mosamala shuga m'magazi a insulin, ma cell a pancreatic beta, ngati adasungidwabe, amatha "kupumula" ndikuyambiranso kugwira ntchito. Osawopa insulini - muyenera kulipira shuga ku insulini, khalani ndi shuga wabwino kwa miyezi ingapo, kenako, mutatha kuyankhula ndi dokotala, mutha kuyesa insulin.Izi zimachitika pokhapokha ngati magazi amayang'aniridwa kunyumba ndi glucometer, kuti pakuwonjezera shuga, nthawi yomweyo mubwererenso insulini. Ndipo ngati kapamba wanu akugwirabe ntchito, ayamba kupanga insulini ndi nyonga yatsopano. Ndiwosavuta kuyang'ana ngati pali shuga wina wopanda insulin. Koma, mwatsoka, pochita izi sizimachitika nthawi zonse. Chifukwa kuthetsedwa kwa insulini sikutanthauza kuti kuthetsedwako kumadzizindikiritsa pawokha. Ndipo odwala athu, atakhulupirira kupambana koyamba kwakukuru pa matenda awo a shuga mothandizidwa ndi jakisoni wa insulin, alowa m'mikhalidwe yonse yoopsa, monga akunena, kubwerera m'moyo wawo wakale, kavalidwe, ndi zina. Ndi chifukwa chake timanena kuti mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga uyenera kuzindikirika momwe ungathere. kale, pomwe chithandizo sichiri chovuta. Aliyense akumvetsa kuti moyo wokhala ndi insulini umakhala wovuta kwambiri - muyenera kuwongolera glucose pafupipafupi, muzitsatira zakudya zowonjezera, etc. Komabe, zikafika pakulipira matenda ashuga komanso kupewa zovuta zake, palibe chinthu chabwino kuposa insulin chomwe chidapangidwapo. Insulin imapulumutsa miyoyo yambiri ndikuwongolera moyo wa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Tikambirana za mitundu ya mankhwala a insulini a matenda a shuga 2 m'magazini yotsatira.