Njira za zochita za insulin

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda ofala omwe samatha anthu amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana, ogonana komanso azachuma. Ndikofunikira kudziwa bwino zomwe zizindikiro za matendawa zimatha kuwonekera mwachindunji ndi wodwala komanso momwe angachitire akapezeka. Kuzindikira matenda matendawa kungathandize kwambiri kuchepetsa mavuto obwera chifukwa cha chitukuko chake. Komabe, ngakhale kukhala ndi matenda a shuga si sentensi. Odwala amatha kupitiliza kukhala ndi moyo wathunthu, malinga ndi zochitika zina. Chifukwa chake, gulu lina la odwala limayenera kubayira jakisoni nthawi zonse. Ndi mahomoni apadera omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kayendetsedwe kazinthu zingapo zamthupi. Komabe, kuti chithandizo choterechi chithandizadi wodwala, ndikofunikira kuti amvetsetse machitidwe a insulin mthupi la munthu. Ndikofunikira kuganizira zingapo zofunika kusiyanasiyana. Zina mwazomwe zimachitika: Kukhudzidwa kwa mankhwala omwe amachitika ndi kutenga insulin, mitundu ya mankhwala potengera izi, malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zomwe zimafunsidwa, njira zoperekera insulin, zifukwa zakufunika kokuwunikira momwe wodwalayo alili. Mfundo zonsezi zidzafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane mtsogolo munkhaniyi.

Insulin: kupangika kwa mahomoni

Mahomoni omwe amapangidwa mu kapamba ndizoyambitsa insulin. Popanga njira zingapo zotsatizana zamankhwala, zimasinthidwa kukhala mtundu wogwira wa mahomoni, womwe umatha kuchita zomwe umafuna kuchita mthupi.
Molekyu iliyonse ya insulin imakhala ndi maunyolo awiri a polypeptide omwe amalumikizidwa ndi milatho ya disulfide (C-peptide):

Tcheni. Mulinso zotsalira 21 amino acid.
B-unyolo. Muli zotsalira 30 amino acid.

Insulin imadziwika ndi kuthamanga kwambiri kwa chochitikacho, chifukwa chake, imapangidwa mkati mwa ola limodzi kuchokera nthawi yomwe amapanga. Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti timadzi timene timapangika ndi timadzi timene timapangitsa kuti chakudya chikhale champhamvu.

Insulin yamtundu uliwonse imakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, motero gawo lawo pakamangidwe kagayidwe kazakudya nawonso ndi kosiyana. Chofanana kwambiri ndi mahomoni amunthu ndi insulin ya nkhumba, yomwe imasiyana ndi 1 amino acid yotsalira. Bulin insulin imasiyana ndi mahomoni amunthu pazinthu zitatu zotere.

Kodi shuga wamagazi amasinthidwa motani?

Mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa shuga umasungidwa chifukwa chakukwaniritsidwa ndi machitidwe onse a ziwalo zawo. Komabe, gawo lalikulu pakuchita izi ndi ntchito ya mahomoni.

Magulu awiri a mahomoni amakhudza kuchuluka kwa glucose:

Insulin (mahomoni achilengedwe achilengedwe) - amachepetsa mulingo wake.
Mahomoni a gulu la hyperglycemic (mwachitsanzo, mahomoni okula, glucagon, adrenaline) - amawonjezera msinkhu wake.

Pakadali pano kuchuluka kwa glucose kumagwera pansi pazamoyo, kupanga kwa insulin kumachepera. Pankhani yakutsika kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi, kumasulidwa kwa mahomoni a gulu la hyperglycemic kumayamba, komwe kumawongolera glucose ochokera m'masitolo amaselo. Poletsa kubisalira kwina kwa insulin m'magazi, mahomoni opsinjika ndi adrenaline amachitidwa.

Zotsatirazi zingakhudze kapangidwe kake ka insulini kapena kuchepa kwa chiwopsezo cha ziwalo zam'mimba mu timadzi timeneti:

Kuphwanya njira ya kusasitsa insulin, komanso cholandilira chake,
Maonekedwe a mamolekyulu osinthika, komanso kuphwanya ntchito zawo zachilengedwe,
Kupezeka kwa thupi la ma antibodies ku zochita za timadzi tomwe timayendetsa, komwe kumapangitsa kuti kulumikizike kulumikizane pakati pa mahomoni ndi cholandilira chake,
Kuchepa kwa mahormone,
Kuphwanya njira ya endocytosis ya mahomoni ndi cholandilira.

Cholepheretsa chilichonse ku siginecha kuchokera ku cell mpaka cell chingathe kusokoneza gawo lake pathunthu la metabolic. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti m'thupi lamtunduwu, kuchuluka kwambiri kwa mahomoni sikungawongolere vutoli.

Zotsatira za insulin ndi udindo wake

Insulin imagwira ntchito zofunika kwambiri mthupi ndipo imagwira ntchito modabwitsa.

Mphamvu ya mahomoni, kutengera mphamvu yake, imagawika m'magulu atatu:

Wotsutsa
Zamatsenga
Anticatabolic.

Zotsatira za metabolism zimawonetsedwa motere:

Kuyamwa kwa zinthu zomwe zimalowa mthupi ndi maselo kumawonjezeka. Glucose ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri, chifukwa chake mayamwidwe ake amakulolani kuwongolera misempha ya magazi.
Kuchuluka kwa kaphatikizidwe ka polysaccharide kameneka kamene glycogen imawonjezeka.
Kukula kwa glycogeneis kumachepa (mapangidwe a shuga m'chiwindi kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana amachepetsa).

Mphamvu ya anabolic ya timadzi timeneti imapangidwa kuti izithandiza kupanga michere ya mapuloteni komanso kubwereza kwa DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Mothandizidwa ndi malowa, insulin imathandizira kusintha glucose kukhala mankhwala okhala ngati triglycerides. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mupeze zofunikira kuti pakhale mafuta munthawi ya kuchepa kwa mahomoni.

Mphamvu ya anticatabolic imakhudza njira ziwiri:

Imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa hydrolysis ya mapuloteni (kuchepa),
Imachepetsa kulowetsa kwamafuta m'magazi,
Mothandizidwa ndi insulin m'mwazi imakhala ndi shuga

Zovuta za insulin zimadziwonetsa zokha kudzera mu ma receptor apadera ndipo zimachitika nthawi yayitali:

Pambuyo kanthawi kochepa (mphindi kapena masekondi), pamene ntchito zoyendera zimachitika, enhibes enhibition, ribonucleic acid synthesis, phosphorylation ya protein,
Pakupita nthawi yayitali (mpaka maola angapo) pankhani ya kaphatikizidwe ka DNA, mapuloteni komanso kukula kwa maselo.

Kodi timadzi timagwira bwanji?

Insulin imakhudza pafupifupi njira zonse za metabolic, koma tanthauzo lake lalikulu limakhala pa metabolism ya chakudya. Mphamvu ya mahomoni pazinthu izi imachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa glucose owonjezera kudzera mu cell membrane. Zotsatira zake, insulin receptors imayendetsedwa, ndipo makina ogwiritsira ntchito intracellular adayambitsa omwe angayambitse mwachindunji kukhudzidwa kwa shuga ndi maselo. Mphamvu ya zochita za insulin imakhazikitsidwa potsatira kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni am'mimba omwe amapereka zinthu izi.

Kutumiza kwa glucose kumisempha kumadalira kwathunthu insulin. Tiziwitsi timakhala tofunikira kwambiri ku thupi la munthu ndipo timayang'anira ntchito zofunika monga kupuma, kuyenda, kayendedwe ka magazi ndikupanga gawo lamphamvu lomwe limamasulidwa ku chakudya chomwe chikubwera.

Ma cell a homoni omwe amapezeka mu membrane wa cell ali ndi izi:

Aligon amagonjera (zidutswa ziwiri). Amapezeka kunja kwa khola.
Beta imagonjera (zidutswa 2). Amadutsa membrane wa khungu, kenako ndikudutsa mu cytoplasm.

Zomwe zimapangidwa zimapangidwa ndi maunyolo awiri a polypeptide, omwe amalumikizidwa ndi ma cell osakanikirana ndipo amadziwika ndi ntchito ya tyrosine kinase.

Pambuyo poti cholandiracho chimangokhala ndi insulin, zochitika monga:

Kuphatikizika kwa cholandila kumayenera kusintha, koyamba kungogwirizana ndi-kugonjera. Chifukwa cha kuyanjana uku, ntchito ya tyrosine kinase imawonekeranso gawo lachiwiri (beta), makulidwe azinthu amakhudzidwa kuti apititse patsogolo michere.
Receptors mu njira yolumikizirana mawonekedwe a microaggregates kapena mawanga.
Zogwirizira zimapangidwira mkati, zimayambitsa chizofananira.

Ngati insulin ili ndi plasma yochuluka kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa zolandilira kumachepetsedwa, ndipo chidwi cha maselo kupita ku hormone chimachepa. Kuchepa kwa kayendetsedwe ka ziwerengero za ma receptor amafotokozedwa ndi kutayika kwawo panthawi yomwe insulin imalowa. Zotsatira za kuphwanya kotero, kunenepa kwambiri kumachitika kapena matenda monga matenda a shuga amayamba (mitundu yambiri ya 2).

Mitundu ya mahomoni ndi kutalika kwake

Kuphatikiza pa insulin yachilengedwe yomwe imapangidwa ndi kapamba, anthu ena amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mahomoni ngati mankhwala. Wothandizirayo amalowa m'maselo ndikuchita jakisoni woyenera.

Kutalika kwa zochita za insulin zoterezi agawika m'magulu atatu:

Nthawi yoyamba pamene insulin ilowa m'magazi a wodwala. Pakadali pano, timadzi timene timagwira.
Peak Munthawi imeneyi, gawo lokwanira loti muchepetse shuga limafika.
Kutalika Nthawi imeneyi imatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa nthawi yapita. Panthawi imeneyi, shuga wamagazi amachepa.

Kutengera kutalika kwa mphamvu ya insulini, mahomoni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala akhoza kukhala amitundu:

Basal. Imagwira ntchito tsiku lonse, kotero kuti jakisoni imodzi ndi yokwanira patsiku. Ma-basal hormone alibe chochita chapamwamba, samachepetsa shuga kwakanthawi, koma amakulolani kukhalabe ndi zotsatira zamtsogolo za glucose tsiku lonse.
Bolus. Homoni ndi njira yachangu kwambiri yolimbikitsira kufunika kwa shuga m'magazi. Kamodzi m'magazi, nthawi yomweyo imapanga zomwe mukufuna. Peresenti yotsika kwambiri ya timadzi timene timaberekapo zimapezeka pakudya. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi odwala amtundu wa matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba kuti asinthe kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi jekeseni yoyenera.

Mlingo wa insulin sayenera kuwerengetsa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga okha. Ngati kuchuluka kwa magawo a mahomoni kumachulukirachulukira, ndiye kuti zotsatira zake zimatha. Zitha kupulumutsa moyo pokhapokha ngati wodwala ali ndi malingaliro omveka. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kupaka shuga asanayambike matenda ashuga.

Kubaya kwa Hormone: Zolakwika Zina

Endocrinologists nthawi zambiri amamva akamayeserera madandaulo kuchokera kwa odwala za kusakwanira kwa jakisoni wa insulin. Mwazi wamagazi sungathenso kuchepa ngati njirayo yasokonekera panthawi ya mahomoni.

Zinthu zotsatirazi zingayambitse izi:

Kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yomwe itatha nthawi yake ikatha.
Kuphwanya malamulo oyendetsera ndi mayendedwe ake a mankhwalawo.
Kuphatikiza mitundu yamahomoni osiyanasiyana mu botolo limodzi.
Mpweya kulowa syringe wakonzedwa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zakumwa zakumwa jakisoni, zomwe zimabweretsa chiwonongeko cha insulin.
Kugwiritsa ntchito syringe kapena singano yowonongeka pakubaya.
Kuchotsa masingano mwachangu pambuyo pokhazikitsa mahomoni, zomwe zingapangitse kuti gawo la mankhwalawo lithe. Zotsatira zake, insulin yokwanira inakhomeretsedwa. Kulakwitsa kotereku kumatha kuyambitsa hyperglycemia (kukwera kwambiri kwa shuga). Kupanda kutero, pamene insulin yambiri imalandiridwa kuposa momwe zimafunikira kuti muchepetse shuga, hypoglycemia imachitika (dontho la shuga). Zinthu zonsezi ndiopsa kwa odwala matenda ashuga.

Hormone insulin

Hormone iyi imapangidwa mwachilengedwe ndi thupi. Mukakonza chakudya, zakudya zamafuta zimasinthidwa kukhala shuga wamagazi. Katunduyu ndiye gwero lamphamvu mthupi la munthu. Kodi insulini imapangidwa kuti? Mu kapamba. Ndi mahomoni awa omwe amathandizira pakugwiritsa ntchito shuga, komanso pakupanga zomwe amasunga. Pamodzi ndi insulin, mahomoni ena angapo, monga glucagon ndi amylin, amatenga nawo mbali pa njirayi.

Zotsatira za timadzi kagayidwe kachakudya

Mphamvu ya zochita za insulin pamthupi zimasiyana malinga ndi njira zomwe metabolic amaganizira. Timakambirana chimodzi mwazomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha timadzi timeneti. Mwakutero, kodi insulin imakhudza bwanji kagayidwe ka shuga. Ngati zomwe zili mu mahomoni m'mwazi ndizochepa kwambiri, ndiye kuti glucose sangathe kulowa m'maselo a minofu, ndipo thupi limalandira mphamvu zonse kuchokera ku oxidation wamafuta acids. Mulingo wake ukakwera kofunikira, njirayi imatha kuchitika mwachilengedwe. Potere, thupi limalandira mphamvu zokwanira. Komabe, mwakuchita zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri, nembanemba yam'mimba yama minofu imatha kuvomerezedwanso glucose ngakhale kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi ndikotsika kwambiri.

Kufunikira kwa gawo la mahomoni awa munjira za metabolic ndikosatsutsika. Ndi insulin receptor (transmembrane receptor amene zochita zake zimayambitsa ndi insulin) zomwe ndizofunikira pakukonzekera kwa glucose homeostasis. Njira yonyansa yamapeto imayambitsa kukula kwa matenda osachiritsika, monga matenda a shuga kapena khansa.

Muyeneranso kulabadira chiwindi. Ndiwo thupi lomwe limasunga glucose mthupi. Itha kumasulidwa momasuka m'maselo a chiwindi mukangofunika kutero. Ndi insulin yomwe imapangitsa kaphatikizidwe kazinthu zina, zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi glycolysis Enzymes (yomwe imatchedwa hexokinase, phosphofructokinase-1 ndi pyruvate kinase), popanda izi njira yopatsirana ndi glucose sizingatheke.

Zotsatira za insulin pa protein metabolism

Mapuloteni omwe munthu amalandila ndi chakudya amawagawa m'magulu angapo amino acid, omwe thupi limadzapanga ma protein ake. Komabe, maphunziro okwanira omwe afotokozedwawa amatheka pokhapokha ngati gawo la insulin lipezekamo. Amapereka maulendo ambiri amino acid. Insulin imakulanso kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zolembedwa za DNA motero imalimbitsa kupangidwa kwa RNA. Ndi munjira izi momwe timadzi timene timafunsira timakhudzana ndi kaphatikizidwe kazinthu kena m'thupi la munthu.

Zokhudza insulin pa mafuta kagayidwe

Hormard yomwe ikufunsidwa imatenga gawo limodzi la lipid metabolism, yomwe ili pa gawo la lipogenesis (kaphatikizidwe wamafuta acids). Amapangidwa pamaziko a chakudya chamagulu (munthawi ya kuwonongeka kwawo ndi metabolism). Enzyme ya lipogenis imangogwira ntchito limodzi ndi insulin. Chifukwa chake, pakalibe mahomoni awa, kagayidwe kabwinobwino sikotheka.

Mitundu ndi malamulo a insulin

Njira zochitira insulin zakhala zikudziwika kale, motero, pali gulu la mankhwalawa, lomwe nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza odwala matenda ashuga. Mitundu yotsatirayi imasiyanitsidwa:

Kuchita zinthu mwachangu. Mphamvu ya chinthu ichi imawonekera pakatha mphindi zisanu chikhazikitso chake. Ndipo kuchuluka kwakukulu kumatheka pambuyo pa ola limodzi. Komabe, mchitidwewo umangotha msanga. Jekeseni ayenera kupatsidwa chakudya.
Insulin yofupikitsa (kwenikweni, zikafika za insulin wamba, monga lamulo, mtundu uwu umatanthawuza). Kuchitikaku kumayamba pambuyo pa theka la ola. Izi zitha kumwedwa musanadye. Zochita zake zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa zomwe tafotokozazi.
Insulin ya nthawi yayitali. Mankhwala amtunduwu amalimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi ndi insulin yofulumira kapena insulin yofulumira. Izi zimakwaniritsa zotsatira zosatha (chinthucho chimagwira pafupifupi theka la tsiku).
Kuchita insulin nthawi yayitali. Amapangidwira kuti ayambitse kumayambiriro kwa tsiku. Insulin yotere imagwira ntchito tsiku lonse. Komabe, izi ndizotheka pokhapokha ngati zimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi insulin yochepa kapena kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu.
Insulin yomwe imasakanizika kale. Madera ake ndi ena mwamafuta amitundu. Insulin yotere iyenera kumwedwa kawiri pa tsiku musanadye.

Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa wodwala kusankha. Njira zoyeserera za insulin imodzi mwazomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa zimagwirizana ndi zosowa ndi zochitika za wodwala wina. Mulingo woyenera kwambiri ndi njira zake ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi katswiri wodziwa bwino, woganizira zonse zomwe wodwalayo ali, momwe matendawo alili ndi momwe thanzi lake lilili. Insulin (yomwe mtengo wake ndi ma ruble mazana asanu ndi atatu) uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala.

Masiku ano, wodwalayo angasankhe imodzi mwanjira zotsatirazi zotengera insulin:

Syringe. Masingano omwe ali mu ma syringe amakono ndi owonda kwambiri. Chifukwa chake jekeseni amayamba kupweteka. Singano yotere iyenera kuyikiridwa mu minofu ya adipose kapena pansi pa khungu pamimba, matako, phewa kapena ntchafu.
Syringe chole. Chipangizochi chimagulitsidwa limodzi ndi insulin, nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi muyeso. Nthawi zambiri cholembera chimakhala ndi cartridge yolumikizidwa. Insulin imalowetsanso kudzera mu singano, koma sikuti jakisoni wogwiritsa ntchito piston, koma ndi choyambitsa. Chipangizocho ndichabwino kwambiri kwa ana omwe ayenera kulowa mankhwala awo.
Pampu Chipangizochi chimapereka insulin nthawi zonse pakhungu, nthawi zambiri pamimba. Pakatha nthawi yayitali, pampu imatsogolera zinthu kulowa m'thupi kudzera pa chubu chapadera kulowa mu catheter. Ndizotheka kuti kuyambitsa insulini ndi jakisoni kumakhala kosafunikira.

Njira zatsopano

Inde, pakupita nthawi, odwala amalephera kuzolowera jakisoni wokhazikika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito singano nthawi zonse. Komabe, njira yothandizirayi imadzetsa mavuto. Ichi ndichifukwa chake akatswiri ambiri amagwira ntchito nthawi zonse kuti apeze njira zatsopano, zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito insulin.

Mpaka 2007, zoyeserera zidapitilira kutchuka njira yoyendetsera timadzi timeneti mwa kupuma. Komabe, kugulitsa zida ngati izi kunalekeka.

Masiku ano, ntchito ikupitirirabe pakapangidwe kakapangidwe kena kapakhungu kamene kamapangitsa kuti magazi aziyenda bwino kudzera pakamwa. Koma, mwatsoka, mankhwalawa sanapezeke kwa anthu onse.

Masamba obayira

Kuti insulini yokhala nthawi yayitali ifike mosavuta m'magazi, imalowetsedwa m'mimba. Odwala ena amakonda jakisoni m'mapewa. Ena amagwiritsanso ntchito m'chiuno ndi matako ngati malo opangira jakisoni, koma ayenera kupatsidwa mankhwalawo pang'onopang'ono momwe angathere.

Popeza njira za insulin, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiziphatikiza nthawi yomweyo komanso m'malo amodzi. Komabe, pofuna kupewa zisindikizo zilizonse, nthawi zina ndikofunikira kusintha gawo la thupi lomwe mahomoni adzayambitsidwa. Chifukwa chake, ndikwabwino kusinthana malo omwe jekeseni ozungulira.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito insulin, ndikofunikira kuwunika pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimatha kuthana ndi izi: zomwe wodwala amadya komanso liti, akamasewera masewera, amakhala ndi malingaliro abwino kapena osalimbikitsa, amathandizira bwanji matenda ena. Zomwe zimadziwika zimatha kukhudza nthawi ya odwala odwala matenda osiyanasiyana m'njira zosiyanasiyana kapena m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyeza kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kangapo tsiku lililonse kuti athe kuwongolera momwe munthu aliri. Zimangotenga magazi kuchokera pachala. Kutengera kuwunikira koteroko, malingaliro ena ayenera kufotokozedwa. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa shuga omwe amakhala m'magazi, insulin iyenera kutumikiridwa mu mlingo woyenera.

Kumbukirani kuti mtundu wa 1 shuga nthawi zambiri umakhala nthawi yayitali. Ichi ndichifukwa chake muyenera kusamalira thanzi lanu nthawi zonse ndikukhala odziwa bwino za matenda anu, komanso kuwunikira malo a kapamba, momwe insulin imapangidwira.

Zotsatira zamafuta

Thupi lomwe limaganiziridwa m'nkhaniyi, insulini, ndi chothandizira mwanjira ya masinthidwe amomwe thupi limapangidwira. Hormoni iyi imasindikiza glucose m'matumbo a ziwalo zosiyanasiyana, ndikusintha kukhala glycogen.

Kuperewera kwa insulin kumayambitsa matenda ashuga. Zizindikiro zake zazikulu ndi izi:

Kukodza kwakukulu (malita sikisi mpaka khumi patsiku) ndi ludzu losalekeza.
Mkhalidwe wa hyperglycemia.
Ketonemia (kapena metabolic acidosis).
Kuperewera kwa mapuloteni okwanira.
Kuchepetsa kwakukulu kuchuluka kwa glycogen omwe amapezeka m'chiwindi ndi minofu.
Lipidemia (kuchuluka kwambiri m'magazi m'magazi).
Kusokonekera pakukhathamiritsa kwamafuta.
Glycosuria.

Mahomoni omwe amafunsidwa amakhudzika ndi kuphatikizika kwa glycogen, amalepheretsa kusintha kwa amino acid kukhala glucose. Izi zikufotokozera kufunika kwa insulin makonzedwe atangodwala kumene. Mwa zina, mahomoniwa amatsimikizira kuperekedwa kwa amino acid ku maselo, omwe amatsimikizira kukula kwamphamvu kwa minofu ya minofu.

Komabe, nthawi zina insulin imakhudzanso odwala. Itha kuwonetsedwa mu mawonekedwe a triglycerides omwe ali ndi adipose minofu. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezeka kofulumira kwa mafuta ochulukirapo kumakhudzidwa. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito insulin.

Kuopsa kogwiritsa ntchito

Asayansi ambiri aphunzira insulini mosamala, zotsatirapo zoyambitsa kuphatikizira kwa mahomoni m'thupi m'thupi. Akatswiri adatha kudziwa kuti mulingo wowopsa wa chinthu chomwe chafunsidwa ndi mayunitsi zana. Ndizo kuchuluka izi komwe kumakhala ndi syringe yonse ya insulin. Komabe, mutha kupulumutsa wodwalayo ngakhale ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwambiri. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kuti musawononge nthawi ndikulimbira ambulansi nthawi yomweyo. Monga lamulo, ngakhale wodwalayo yekha amatha kuchita izi, podziwika bwino. Chikomokere chisanayambe, nthawi zambiri pamafunika maola ambiri kuti achitepo kanthu. Mwachitsanzo, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa momwe shuga akupumira m'magazi, omwe amachotsa mphamvu ya insulin.

Chifukwa chake, kuyang'anira thanzi lanu ndikofunikira kwambiri. Tsoka ilo, ena amayesetsa kuchita izi kuposa ena. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Anthu omwe akudwala matendawa amakakamizidwa kukhala moyo wocheperako. Odwala otere ayenera kuwongolera zakudya zomwe amadya, nthawi yochuluka bwanji amasewera, komanso ambiri momwe akukhalira, kuchuluka kwa madzi abwino. Ena a iwo, makamaka omwe amadalira insulin, amayenera kuwunika momwe amakhalira. Odwala oterowo amafunika pafupipafupi (kutengera nthawi ya tsiku komanso zochitika zina) kupanga jakisoni wa insulin (mahomoni opanga m'malo mwake omwe sangathe kudzipangira pawokha mu kuchuluka kofunikira kwa wodwala wa kapamba). Kuthandizira m'malo motere kumatha kuchepetsa vuto komanso kuthandiza wodwalayo kukhala ndi moyo wathunthu. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kuyendetsa insulin panthawi ndi muyeso yoyenera (malinga ndi nthawi zonse yoyikidwa ndi akatswiri). Pa kukhazikitsa jakisoni adapanga mitundu ingapo ya zida zosavuta. Pakati pawo, syringe ya insulin, cholembera ndi pampu yapadera ndizodziwika. Odziwika kwambiri lero ndi njira ziwiri zomaliza. Cholembera cha syringe ndichosavuta kuyigwira ndipo ndiyofunika kwa ana ang'ono omwe amafunika kubayira insulin okha. Ndipo pampu, makamaka, imachotsera kufunika kopereka mankhwalawa ndi singano, yoyenera ambiri odwala.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kufunika kosamalira mosamala madokotala onse omwe akupatsidwa. Kuphwanya njira yothandizidwa ndi iye imakhumudwitsidwa kwambiri, chifukwa izi zimatha kubweretsa zovuta zina zambiri, kuphatikizapo kuwopseza moyo wa wodwalayo. Choopsa kwambiri ndichakuti kuchuluka kwa mlingo wovomerezeka ndikomwe kungayambitse imfa. Kuti mupewe zotsatira zosasangalatsa ngati izi, ndikofunikira kuti musanyalanyaze malangizo a dokotala ndipo musasinthe zomwe mwalandira.

Ndikofunikira kupeza mankhwala okhawo omwe angabweretse thupi la wodwala zabwino koma osavulaza. Musanagule, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti insulini iyi ndi chiani (mtengo wake suwonetsa zochitika zenizeni). Gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zomwe opanga odalirika, omwe mbiri yawo yakhala ikuyesedwa kwa zaka zambiri, omwe mankhwalawa athandiza kuthandiza miyoyo ya odwala ambiri. Unikani zowunikira makasitomala enieni ndikutsatira malingaliro a akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito yawo. Samalirani thanzi lanu. Sankhani zabwino kwa inu ndi okondedwa anu. Khalani athanzi!