Zizindikiro ndi zotsatira za matenda ashuga mwa amuna

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 40, 50 kapena 60 - Kuzindikira

Mwa amuna ndi akazi, mawonetseredwe a shuga ali chimodzimodzi. Zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndizokhudza ziwalo zoberekera. Matendawa amapezeka chifukwa cha kusayenda bwino kwa dongosolo la endocrine, makamaka ziphuphu, zomwe zimakhudza kupanga kwa mahomoni opangidwa ndi iye, kuphatikizapo insulin. Zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto ngati awa pantchito ya ziwalo ndizakudya zosayenera komanso zosagwirizana, kupsinjika kwakanthawi, komanso moyo wopanda ntchito.

Ngati insulin ikasiya kupangidwa moyenera, momwe mayamwidwe ndi kutsekemera kwa glucose ndi maselo amachepera kwambiri. Shuga yemwe amalowa mthupi ndi chakudya, osakhala ndi nthawi yokumba, amayamba kudziunjikira m'mitsempha yamagazi. Izi zikuyamba kukhala ndi vuto la matenda ashuga, omwe, likupita patsogolo, limathanso kuyambitsa zovuta zambiri komanso matenda owonjezera. Ganizirani zomwe zimawonetsa kuwoneka kwa matendawa mwa amuna.

Momwe mungathanirane ndi mitundu iwiri ya shuga ndi njira zakale za anthu

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 40, 50 kapena 60

Muyenera kuwunikira momwe thanzi lanu limayendera kuti muzindikire zoyamba za matenda ashuga. Popeza mankhwalawa adayamba pa nthawi yake amachepetsa mavuto ambiri omwe ali ndi matendawa. Mwa abambo, ndikukula kwa matendawa, pali zizindikiro zobisika zomwe, mwatsoka, sizingatheke kuzindikirika. Chifukwa chake, kuti muzindikire matendawa momwe mungathere, nthawi zina muyenera kuyesa mkodzo ndi magazi kuti mupeze matenda a shuga.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa sizitchulidwa kwambiri. Izi zimasokoneza kupezeka kwake. Koma ngati muganiza mofatsa za moyo wanu, mutha kuzindikira zodabwitsazi:

1. Kusintha mosayembekezeka komanso mwachangu kwa kulemera kwa thupi kumatha kuwonetsa zovuta pakulowetsedwa kwa chakudya, chifukwa chomwe kukonzanso kwa mapuloteni kapena minofu ya adipose imathandizira.
2. Matenda akumva njala nthawi zonse, omwe sangathe, ngakhale atadyedwa kangati. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi mavuto mu mayamwidwe a shuga. Maselo sangathe kuigwirizitsa kuchuluka kofunikira, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakhalabe "anjala", ndipo ubongo umalandira izi.
3. Matenda a shuga amadziwika ndi kutopa msanga kapena kutopa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kugona kosagona komanso kugona kosagona. Izi ndi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa glucose kosayenerera kumasungidwa m'maselo, chifukwa amapanga mphamvu zama minofu, thupi limakumana ndi vuto losatha ndipo satha kugwira ntchito bwino. Chifukwa chake kutopa kwa minofu yonse.
4. Kuyabwa kumachitika m'malo ofewa pakhungu (zikhatho, miyendo, zinsalu) (redness, zotupa titha kuziona mu chithunzi).
5. Mwa amuna, thukuta limachulukanso kwambiri.

Izi ndi zizindikiro zoyambira zodwala amuna. Tsoka ilo, sikovuta kusokoneza ndi kupsinjika kosavuta. Koma ndikuwonekera kwa zizindikiro zotere, ndikwabwino kusewera mosamala ndikuyesani mayeso.

Kodi shuga ndimankhwala otani kwa amuna atatha 50

Zizindikiro zamtsogolo

Ngati kuwonetsa koyambirira sikunawonekere, ndipo chithandizo sichinayambike panthawi, matendawa amapita patsogolo. Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimatchulidwa kwambiri komanso ndizosavuta kuzizindikira. Umu ndi momwe matenda amadziwonekera.

• kukodza pafupipafupi. Glucose owonjezera, wobalidwa kudzera mu urethra, umachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimapezeka mu chikhodzodzo, chifukwa ubongo umalandira kawirikawiri zisonyezo zakufunikira kuuchotsa,
• thupi limasowa madzi ndipo kumatha kumva ludzu losatha,
• mabala akuyamba kuchira. M'malo, gangrene, supplement, matenda a fungus amachitika,
• kuchuluka kwa tsitsi kumayamba kuchuluka,
• Nthawi zambiri mano amatulutsa magazi, ndipo enamel wa mano amayamba kuvunda,
• zina kapena miyendo yonse imayamba kutaya mphamvu zawo.

Zomwe mungadye komanso zomwe sizingakhale ndi shuga yachiwiri

Izi ndi zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda ashuga mwa abambo. Ngati ena a iwo apezeka, muyenera kufunsa dokotala kuti akupatseni mankhwala. Mukangoyamba kumene, zotsatirapo zosasangalatsa ndi zovuta za matendawa zimakhala.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 60

Munthu aliyense wachikulire, wokonda kuchita zonse komanso ali ndi vuto lotengera majini, amafunika kudziwa zomwe zimachitika munthu akamadwala matenda ashuga.

Ngakhale ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda ashuga achikazi kumawirikiza kawiri kuposa amuna, chiwerengero cha amuna omwe amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga chikuwonjezeka chaka chilichonse.

Kuzindikira kwakanthawi kumatha kuteteza wodwala ku zovuta zambiri. Ndizofunikira kwambiri mukakalamba, thupi likalephera kuthana ndi matendawa.

Mitundu ya matenda ashuga komanso zomwe zimayambitsa

Choyambitsa chachikulu cha matenda a shuga ndi zovuta za autoimmune mthupi. Zotsatira zake, kupanga mahomoni a hypoglycemic mwina kusokonezeka kapena kuyimitsidwa kwathunthu. Tsoka ilo, pakadali pano pakupanga mankhwala amakono, matenda a shuga sangathe kugonjetsedwa. Pali mitundu ingapo yamatendawa:

1. Mtundu woyamba, womwe kupanga insulin kumayimitsidwa chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa ntchito ya maselo a beta. Matenda a shuga amtunduwu amakula ubwana kapena unyamata. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amapezeka ali ndi zaka 5 mpaka 12, motero matenda amtundu 1 amatchedwa achinyamata. Chofunikira pakuchizira matendawa ndi insulin.
2. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda amakula akamakalamba, kuyambira zaka 40. Pankhaniyi, insulin imapangidwa ndi kapamba, koma zotumphukira ndi minofu sizizindikira mokwanira. Mu magawo oyamba a kupita patsogolo kwa matenda, msambo wa glycemia umayendetsedwa ndi chithandizo chamankhwala ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse. Popita nthawi, kufooka kwa pancreatic kumachitika, chifukwa chomwe wodwalayo amagwiritsa ntchito othandizira a hypoglycemic.
3. Matenda a shuga okomoka ndi matenda omwe amayamba azimayi mu nthawi yoyembekezera. Kusintha kwachilengedwe m'misempha ya shuga kumalumikizidwa ndi kusintha kwamafuta m'thupi la mayi woyembekezera. Matendawa ndi owopsa chifukwa amatha kukhala asymptomatic kwa nthawi yayitali. Nthawi zambiri, zimachitika mwana atabadwa, koma nthawi zina amatha kusintha mtundu wa matenda ashuga a 2.

Mwa zina mwazomwe zimapangitsa kuti matenda ashuga amtundu wa 1 apangidwe makamaka ndi kupanga ma antibodies kuma cell awo mthupi (ndondomeko ya autoimmune), matenda ena opatsirana (ma mumps, rubella, mononucleosis ndi hepatitis), komanso kuchuluka kwa zochitika za maselo T.

Zinthu zikuluzikulu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga a 2 ndizobadwa mwadzidzidzi komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zinthu zina zowopsa:

• kuvulala, matenda ndi kuwonongeka kwa kapamba,
• matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus (mwachitsanzo rubella, mumps, nthomba, matenda a chiwindi),
• gulu la zaka (kuyambira 40 mpaka 40),
• kupsinjika kwakali ndi mavuto amanjenje,
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• mbiri yamatenda a Itsenko-Cushing's and acomegaly,
• Ma pathologies apakati ndi kubereka mwana koposa 4kg.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga mwa amuna

"Matenda Aukoma" ndiwachinyengo kwambiri, chifukwa chake amatha kupitilira nthawi yobisika. Mwa amuna opitilira 60, matenda oyambira amapita popanda kuwonekera kwambiri. Pamenepa, World Health Organisation imalimbikitsa kuti pakhale kuyesedwa kwa magazi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse.

Popeza chithunzithunzi cha chipatala sichinatchulidwe, zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira. Koma ngati mukuyang'anitsitsa thanzi lanu, ndiye kuti mutha kuzindikira zotsatirazi:

1. Kuchepetsa thupi mwachangu. Mchitidwewu umalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa mafuta m'thupi, chifukwa maselo amatulutsa mphamvu yamafuta ndi mapuloteni.
2. Kutopa kwakukuru ndi kukwiya. Zizindikiro zimatulukira chifukwa cha njala ya maselo ndikuwonetsedwa kwa matupi a ketone - zopangidwa ndi mafuta osweka.
3. Kuyenda ndi redness m'malo osiyanasiyana a khungu, makamaka m'manja, kumapazi ndi kunenepa.
4. Zizindikiro zina zimaphatikizira kugona ndi njala komanso thukuta kwambiri.

Kusintha kwa pathological pamwambapa ndi chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda ashuga. Nthawi zina amasokonezedwa ndi kupanikizika kosavuta kapena kugwira ntchito kwambiri.

Chizindikiro Chakutha kwa Matenda A shuga

Mu magawo apambuyo a kupita patsogolo kwa matenda, ziwonetsero zotchulidwa zimachitika. Choyamba, ndi ludzu losalekeza komanso polyuria. Zizindikiro ziwiri zoyanjanazi zimawonekera chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwakukulu pa impso. Amachotsa zinthu zonse zapoizoni m'thupi, kuphatikiza shuga.

Popeza shuga amathandizidwa kwambiri, impso zimafunikira madzi ambiri, omwe amayamba kutulutsa minofu. Zotsatira zake, wodwalayo amamwa madzi nthawi zambiri amapita kuchimbudzi “pang'ono pang'ono”. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kupezeka kwa shuga mumkodzo ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro za hyperglycemia.

Mosiyana ndi amayi omwe achulukitsa kulemera kwa thupi kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, amuna amakhala ndi ziwalo zamkati. Zizindikiro zina zakukula kwa "matenda okoma" ndi:

• kuphwanya zida zowoneka,
• kuchepa kwa chidwi,
• machiritso aukali abrasions ndi mabala,
• magazi m`kamwa, kufooka kwa enamel mano
• dzanzi ndi kulira kwa malekezero.

Kuphatikiza pa zizindikiro zonsezi, matenda ashuga amakhudza kugonana kwa mwamuna. Matupi a Ketone samangokhudza kugwira ntchito kwa ubongo, komanso amachepetsa kupanga kwa testosterone. Zotsatira zake, chilakolako chogonana chimachepetsedwa, ndiye kuti mavuto amabwera ndi erection, orgasm and ejaculation.

Kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa chakudya chamafuta, mafuta ndi mapuloteni kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa DNA. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa umuna womwe umapangidwa umachepetsedwa, ndipo kubereka kumakula. Kuphatikiza apo, vuto la potency limachitika chifukwa cha kusayenda bwino kwa magazi. Matenda a shuga amakhudza ziwiya zing'onozing'ono za ziwalo zonse.

Pofuna kuti musawononge thanzi lanu la abambo, muyenera kusintha magazi m'thupi, kudya moyenera, kukhala ndi moyo wakhama, komanso kumenya mapaundi owonjezera. Komabe, izi sizingathandize pa kugonana, chifukwa chake wodwalayo adzafunika kupempha thandizo kwa katswiri woyenera.

Zokhudza chithandizo cha matenda

Choyamba, wodwalayo amayenera kukayezetsa ena pofuna kuwonetsetsa kuti ali ndi shuga yambiri. Pali mayeso ambiri omwe amathandizira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa glycemia, koma zotsatirazi zimawoneka kuti ndizotchuka kwambiri.

Ngati zotsatira za phunzirolo zikupita pazowoneka bwino, izi zikuwonetsa kupezeka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Atakhazikitsa matenda, dokotala amayamba kupanga mtundu wa mankhwala a abambo. Kubwezeretsa bwino kumakhala ndi zinthu zitatu, izi:

1. Zakudya zochepa za carb Kuchokera muzakudya muyenera kupatula chokoleti, makeke, ayisikilimu, zipatso zotsekemera ndi zipatso (mphesa, chivwende, sitiroberi, rasipiberi). Ndikofunikanso kuiwala za zakudya zamafuta ndi nyama yokazinga. M'malo mwake, muyenera kudya zipatso zambiri zopanda zipatso (mandimu, maapulo wobiriwira, ma cherries) ndi masamba atsopano (tomato, nkhaka), komanso zinthu zamafuta ochepa mkaka wowawasa.
2. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi. Mukunenepa kwambiri, kusewera masewera sikophweka. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale kuyenda osachepera mphindi 30-60 patsiku ndi koyenera poyambira. Pali matekinoloje apadera ambiri, mwachitsanzo, kuyenda kwa Nordic ndi njira yathanzi.
3. Kumwa mankhwala a hypoglycemic kapena insulin.

Zotsatira za kupezeka kwadzidzidzi

Kulephera kugwira ntchito mu shuga kumabweretsa zotsatirapo zoyipa kwambiri.

Popita nthawi, matenda amalepheretsa pafupifupi ziwalo zonse.

Choyamba, matenda a shuga amabweretsa kukula kwa makoma amitsempha yamagazi ndikuyenda bwino kwa magazi, kenako matendawa amapezeka:

• mogwirizana ndi mtima dongosolo: kuthamanga kwa magazi, angina pectoris, atherosulinosis, myocardial infarction,
• retinopathy - kutukusira kwa retina kwamaso, komwe kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe ndi kuwoneka kwa zolakwika zosiyanasiyana,
• diabetesic phazi - chikhalidwe chomwe chimaphatikiza njira za pathogenic zomwe zimapezeka kumapeto pang'ono - kuchokera zilonda zam'mimba mpaka kukulira kwa gangren, komwe timangolankhula za kudula,
• encephalopathy - matenda omwe maselo am'mitsempha amafa, zizindikiro za matendawa zimakhala chizungulire, kusokonezeka kukumbukira, kugona tulo, mavuto osaneneka komanso kuwona bwino,
• matenda ashuga nephropathy - matenda aimpso kuwonongeka chifukwa kuwonongeka glomerular tubules.

Kuyambira kuyambira wazaka 41, ndikofunikira kuti bambo aziyang'anira thanzi lake mosamala kwambiri. Izi makamaka zimakhudza iwo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga. Zizindikiro za thupi zitha kulengeza za njira zazikulu za pathological zomwe zimayenera kuthetsedwa posachedwa.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga zafotokozedwa mu kanema m'nkhaniyi.

Sonyezani shuga yanu kapena sankhani jenda pamayendedwe Akusaka Osapezeka Kusaka sakupeza Kusaka sikupezeka

Matenda a shuga mwa abambo - Zizindikiro, zizindikiro ndi zomwe zili zowopsa

Dongosolo la endocrine la thupi pakufunika kwake ndikuvuta limatenga malo achiwiri pambuyo pa mtima. Chimodzi mwazifo matenda amdongosolo lino ndi matenda ashuga, omwe akufalikira kwambiri. Ponena za kuchuluka, amakhala m'malo achitatu omva matenda a mtima ndi khansa.

Ziwerengero zimawonetsa kuti matenda ashuga amapezeka aliyense wokhala m'dziko lapansi, ndipo nthawi zambiri pakati pa ogonana olimba. Choimbidwa chomwe chimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa ziwopsezo kwa abambo ndi kunyalanyaza thanzi lawo, kunyalanyaza kugwiritsa ntchito madokotala ngati akumva kuti sakukonda.

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mwa amuna nthawi zambiri amaziwonetsa kuti amatopa, kuperewera kwa chakudya, ntchito yamanjenje, mavuto. Pakadali pano, matendawa ali pazifukwa zisanu ndi chimodzi zapamwamba zakufa pakati pa amuna - pafupifupi atatu peresenti ya imfa zonse. Kulephera kwa odwala matenda ashuga kumatha kuchitika zaka pafupifupi makumi anayi.

Ndi matenda a shuga, munthu amakhala ndi vuto la kusungunuka kwa madzi ndi michere ya metabolism. Zotsatira zake, kusowa bwino kumeneku kumayambitsa vuto mu chiwalo chamkati chomwe chimapanga timadzi tofunikira, timatchedwa "kapamba".

Hormoni iyi ndi insulin, imalimbikitsa kutembenuka kwa shuga kukhala glucose, izi sizichitika ngati zalephera, ndipo shuga amadziunjikira m'magazi, zimayambitsa zotsatira zoyipa m'magazi a kukula kwa ziwalo za thupi.

Kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumabweretsa kuphwanyidwa kwa DNA yam'mimba ndipo kumachitika. Pansipa tikambirana za zomwe zimayambitsa komanso zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga mwa amuna.

Zolinga za maonekedwe

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga mwa amuna nthawi zambiri zimakhala:

• onenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri - katundu m'matumba akuwonjezeka, ali opunduka, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amasokonekera, njira yokhazikika ya kagayidwe imasokonekera,
• matenda opatsiranazomwe zimabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa m'mimba,
• kusamutsidwa matenda otupa komanso a purulent ikhoza kuyambitsa chitukuko cha matenda a shuga,
• kupezeka kwa abale ambale omwe akudwala kale ndi matendawa - cholumikizira chibadwa zimawonjezera mwayi wodwala peresenti khumi,
• ntchito mosalekeza kugwira ntchito kwambiri, kusowa tulo komanso kupsinjika zimathandizira kuti matendawo awonekere kwenikweni pakatha miyezi iwiri, makamaka ngati bambo watopa kwambiri. Thandizani ku matenda ashuga komanso munthu wokhumudwa, kuchuluka kwa nkhawa yamanjenje,
• bile duct kutsekekamiyala mu ndulu imathandizira kulowa kwa ma asidi mu zikondamoyo, zomwe zimasokoneza chithaphwi ndikuchiwononga,
• matenda a kapamba - kapamba ndi ma oncology amaletsa maselo omwe amapanga insulin,
• pachimake tizilombo matenda - chimfine ndi matenda a m'mimba, rubella ndi nthomba zimatha kuyambitsa matenda a shuga kwa amuna,
• chochitika choposa zaka 40 chikuyambitsa zosintha zokhudzana ndi zaka, kuyambira pamenepo, chiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga chikuwonjezereka,
• osadzikuza kumwa mowa ndipo mitundu yonse ya mchere, nyama yofukiza ndi marinade, komanso chakudya chomwe chili ndi mankhwala osungira, imawononga thupi lonse, kuphatikiza kapamba.

Kufupika kwathunthu ndi wachibale wa insulin kapena matenda a shuga kwa amuna: Zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira, chithandizo chamankhwala

Matenda a shuga m'magulu a amuna amakula nthawi zambiri kuposa azimayi, koma matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhala owopsa, kuwonongeka kwamkati mwa ziwalo zamkati. Cholinga chake ndikusazindikira kugonana kwamphamvu kwambiri kuti mukhale ndi thanzi, osafuna kutsatira zomwe dokotala akutsimikiza, kuti mulamulire kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Wina ayenera kudziwa zizindikiritso za mtundu 1 ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 amuna kuti apewe kuwonongeka kwambiri kwa kapamba. Odwala okalamba ayenera kusamala makamaka: njira za metabolic zimayamba pang'onopang'ono patatha zaka 50-60.

Zolinga zakukula kwa matenda amisala

Matenda a shuga amapezeka pamene kapamba sakugwira ntchito moyenera: zovuta za carbohydrate metabolism zimatchulidwa, kuchuluka kwa shuga yamagazi kumawonjezeka. Glucose owonjezera ndi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin.

Ngati kapamba satulutsa insulin yokwanira, ndiye kuti lembani 1 shuga yayamba - wodalira insulin.

Mu mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda, minofu yolandirira simumazindikira insulin, thupi limawonetsa kukana, komwe kumasokoneza kagayidwe koyenera, kumakulitsa mawonekedwe onse.

Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mtheradi ndi insulin kuchepa. Mokulira kuchuluka kwa matenda, komwe kumawonekera kuwonekera kwa matenda ashuga.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga komanso zoyambitsa:

• kusuta
• kudya pafupipafupi zakudya zamafuta,
• mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• nkhawa zochuluka chifukwa cha ntchito,
• chibadwire
• matenda oopsa
• kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoyipa,
• Matenda a hepatic,
• ntchito yowopsa
• matenda am'mimba
• malo ovuta ogwirira ntchito.

Zizindikiro zoyambira ndi chizindikiro

Amuna ambiri samvera chidwi ndi chiwonetsero choyambirira cha matenda ashuga, amati thanzi labwino ndi kuchuluka kwambiri, kusintha kokhudzana ndi zaka, komanso kutopa. Popanda kuzindikiritsa komanso kuthandizira, matendawa amapita patsogolo, shuga amawonjezeka, kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zamkati kumasokonekera, zizindikiro zoyipa zikuwoneka zowoneka bwino.

Zizindikiro zokhala ndi matenda ashuga mwa amuna:

• kamwa yowuma
• ludzu losalekeza
• Kutupa kwa malekezero,
• kukodza pafupipafupi, makamaka usiku,
• kuchepa kwa magwiridwe
• Mabala amachiritsa bwino, zilonda zam'mimba zimatuluka,
• kulawa kwachitsulo mkamwa
• kutopa,
• kuyabwa pakhungu, nthawi zambiri m'mphaka ndi muzu,
• kutaya tsitsi
• mavuto a potency
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• kukokana usiku
• kunenepa
• kuchepa kwa masomphenya
• wodwala akuchepa kwambiri
• kupumirana mseru kumachitika
• momwe khungu limasinthira: khungu lake limakhala louma, kusenda, ming'alu imawoneka.

Odwala ambiri amafotokoza mavuto azokhudza kugona ndi kubereka:

• kuchepa kwamadzi amadzimadzi,
• kuphwanya kapangidwe ka DNA,
• yafupika libido
• kukula kwa kukokoloka kwa erectile,
• kuchepera kuyendetsa galimoto,
• mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa potency samapereka zotsatira zoonekera.

Malamulo ndi njira zochizira

Ndi mtundu wodwala wa shuga womwe amadalira insulin, wodwalayo amalandira insulin tsiku lililonse ngati jakisoni. Sizoletsedwa kusiya kulandira chithandizo: posakhala ndi insulin yokwanira, chakudya cha metabolism chimasokonekera, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakwera kwambiri, komwe kumayambitsa matenda ashuga acetonemia ndi zovuta zina zowopsa.

Lamulo loyamba la chithandizo chamankhwala ndikusintha kwa thanzi lanu. Mpaka bambo amvetsetse zomwe matenda a shuga amawopseza, ndizovuta kupeza zotsatira zabwino zamankhwala. Njira yophatikizika ndiyofunikira: kuphatikiza zakudya ndi moyo wathanzi, masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndi kukana zizolowezi zoipa. Ndikofunika kutenga mankhwala a zitsamba (mankhwala a mandimu, timbewu ta minyewa) kuti muchepetse kusachedwa, kusintha kagayidwe kazinthu. Nthawi yokwanira yogonera komanso kupumula ndiyofunikira kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha endocrine pathology.

Mawonekedwe Amphamvu

Zakudya za shuga zimafunikira kuti shuga ikhale yokwanira. Ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse nkhawa pazakudya zam'mimba: chiwindi, kapamba, matumbo.

Paphwando, dokotala amakumbutsa wodwalayo malangizo ndi zakudya zoyenera zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga. Mndandanda wazakudya zoletsedwa ndi zololedwa zimathandiza kupanga zakudya zoyenera komanso mndandanda woyenerera wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kuchokera ku zinthu zochepa.

Malamulo ofunikira pakuchiza matenda ashuga:

• Zowotcha: kukoka ndi kuphika ndizothandiza,
• Onetsetsani kuti muchepetsa mchere wambiri mpaka magalamu anayi patsiku,
• Ndikofunika kumwa zamadzimadzi zochepa (mpaka lita imodzi ndi theka patsiku) kuti muchepetse kukodzana,
• mafuta nyama, margarine sizimabweretsa phindu, zimawononga mkhalidwe wamitsempha yamagazi, zimapangitsa kulemera.

Kodi kudya ndi shuga? Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mayina ndi mitundu yazakudya izi:

• Zonenepa.
• Masamba ndi zipatso mwanjira iliyonse.
• Tchizi chamafuta ochepa, kirimu wowawasa, mkaka wowotchera, kefir, yogati.
• Porridge, kupatula mana.
• Pasitala wopangidwa ndi tirigu wa durum.
• Turkey, nkhuku, ng'ombe yotsamira.
• Zipatso ndi mabulosi zipatso.
• Kissels ndi wokoma.
• Masamba ophika masamba.
• Nsomba zamafuta ochepa.
• Mafuta ophikira.
• Mankhwala azitsamba.
• Mkaka wa nonfat.
• Tiyi yobiriwira.
• Zowaka mkaka wowonda.

Mankhwala oletsedwa a shuga:

• Khofi wamphamvu.
• Mowa
• Pickles, masamba osankhidwa.
• Ma mayonesi okonzeka okonzedwa, ma ketchups, msuzi.
• Msuzi wamphamvu wokhala ndi nsomba, nyama, bowa.
• Soseji yosuta komanso yophika.
• Chocolate, maswiti, marmalade okhala ndi utoto ndi zonunkhira.
• Muffin, pasitala kuchokera ku ufa wofewa.
• Nyama ndi nsomba zaamphaka.
• Nsomba zouma ndi zouma.

Mankhwala

Mankhwala amasankhidwa ndi endocrinologist. Choyamba muyenera kusintha kadyedwe, kusiya zizolowezi zoipa, sinthani maboma, kupatula nthawi yambiri yopuma. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amalimbitsa shuga komanso amathandizira kupanga insulin.

Gawo loyamba ndikumwa gulu limodzi la mankhwala. Ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza nyimbo zamagulu awiri. Odwala saloledwa kusintha Mlingo watsiku ndi tsiku ndi mayina a mankhwala: kukonza mankhwala kumachitika ndi endocrinologist.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga, dokotala amalembera:

• sulfanylurea. Kukonzekera: Gilemal, Minidab, Diabeteson, Glibenez,
• khwawa. Kukonzekera: Glyformin, Glucofage, Sinofor,
• incretinomimetics. Avandamet, Glimecomb, Bagomet, Metglib.

Zovuta zotheka

Zotsatira za endocrine pathology zimakhudza momwe thupi lonse limagwirira ntchito, kugaya chakudya, ntchito yobereka. "Maphwando" a matenda opatsirana omwe amapezeka pafupipafupi ndi chifukwa chamitundu yambiri ya matenda ashuga. Ndi milandu yapamwamba, kuwonjezeka kowopsa pamlingo wa acetone, kukulitsa chikomokere cha matenda ashuga ndikotheka.

Amuna ambiri amadandaula chifukwa cha zovuta zazikulu:

• matenda a shuga a shuga: kuchepa kwa masomphenya, kutchulidwa myopia, matenda amitsempha, zotupa, zotupa zozungulira m'maso, kuwonongeka kwa capillary, m'malo ovuta - khungu
• matenda a genitourinary system, prostatitis, kutupa kwa chikhodzodzo ndi urethra,
• kusabala, kusabala,
• kuchuluka kwa magazi,
• mutu, kuwonongeka kwa malingaliro ndi kukumbukira, matenda oopsa motsutsana ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi yomwe ipereka ubongo,
• matenda a mtima, chiopsezo chowopsa cha matenda a ischemic,
• zilonda zam'mimba za matenda ashuga. Kuphwanya magazi kwambiri kapena kuchepa kwamadzi kwakanthawi kumayambitsa kubanika, kutsekeka kwa malekezero, kuwonda kwa khungu. Pang'onopang'ono, kuperekera kumawonekera m'dera lomwe lakhudzidwalo, dera la necrotization limakulirakulira. Kufufuza ndi mafuta ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali sikubweretsa zotsatira zabwino. Woopsa milandu, poyerekeza ndi ulceric zilonda, ovulala zigawo zikuluzikulu zimayamba,
• matenda ashuga angiopathy. Vuto la mtima mwa zizindikiro limafanana ndi atherosulinosis. Pa makoma a ziwiya zazikulu, mapepala oyipa amayikidwa omwe amakhudza kuthamanga kwa magazi. Popanda chithandizo, patency yamitsempha yayikulu imachepa kwambiri, minyewa ya venous ikukula.

Kupewa

Chofunikira ndikusintha kwa moyo wanu. Mwamuna ayenera kusiya kusuta, kumwa kwambiri. Chofunikira ndikuchepetsa kumwa khofi wamphamvu.

Zakudya ndiye lamulo lalikulu lokhazikika la glucose pamlingo woyenera. Pamene wodwala amatsatira kwambiri zakudyazo, nthawi yayitali shuga wake umakhala wololedwa.

Kuyang'anira shuga wanu wamagazi ndi mita ya shuga m'magazi ndichinthu chofunikira popewa matenda ashuga. Kuyeza zizindikiro ndi zotsatira zojambula kumathandizira endocrinologist kuwunika zotsatira za mankhwala.

Njira zina zodzitetezera:

• kuwonda
• kuchuluka kwa magalimoto,
• kuchepa kwamphamvu pamitsempha yamanjenje,
• kukana zochulukira ndi ntchito yayikulu.

Matenda a shuga si chiganizo: Mutha kukhala ndi moyo wakhama potsatira malangizo a dokotala. Amuna ayenera kudziwa: Kulephera kutsatira malamulo othandizira komanso kupewa kungayambitse vuto la acetone, hypoglycemic coma, mavuto akulu ndi potency, mtima, mitsempha yamagazi. Zakudya zamafuta ochepa zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha zovuta. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga zikawoneka, muyenera kulumikizana ndi endocrinologist, kuunikiridwa, kumvera malangizo a katswiri.

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe akhala akuvutitsa anthu kwazaka zambiri. Palibe mankhwala ochizira matenda ashuga. Komabe, ngakhale kuti ndizosatheka kuchiritsa matenda ashuga, pali njira zambiri zochepetsera nthawi ya matendawa. Zambiri pavidiyo yotsatira:

Type 2 shuga mellitus - Zizindikiro, matenda, chithandizo

Mtundu 2 wa matenda a shuga a mellitus (DM 2) ndiwo amachititsa kwambiri matenda osokoneza bongo. Hyperglycemia mu matendawa amapezeka chifukwa cha zinthu ziwiri:

• kuchepa kwa mankhwala a insulin ndi ma cell a pancreatic beta,
• kuwonongeka kwa chidwi cha minyewa kuchitapo cha timadzi timeneti.

Amakhulupirira kuti odwala omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri, omwe amayambitsa matenda a shuga ndi insulin.

Chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri, maselo amataya ma insulin receptor awo ndikusiya kuyankha kupezeka kwake m'magazi. Kuchepa mphamvu kwa minyewa kumatha kulipidwa kwanthawi yayitali ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni.

Koma mphamvu ya kapamba ikatha, shuga imadziwonekeranso.

Mu gulu laling'ono la odwala, kuphwanya kwakukulu ndikutulutsa kwa insulin katulutsidwe. Odwala awa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi thupi labwino. Amakhala ndi insulin kukokana pakapita kanthawi, matendawo akamakula.

Epidemiology

Matenda a 2 a shuga amaposa 95-98% ya onse matenda a shuga.

Ziwonetserozi zikukula mosalekeza. World Health Organisation (WHO) ilosera chiwonjezeko chachitali cha chiwerengero cha odwala matenda ashuga padziko lapansi mpaka 300-350 miliyoni pazaka 15-25. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi kusintha kwamitundu ya anthu, komanso kutukuka kosalekeza kwa midzi.

Chiwerengero chovuta kwambiri cha kufala kwa matenda ashuga a 2 amawonedwa m'maiko otukuka. Kutali kwakumpoto kwa kutalika kwachilengedwe, odwala ochulukirapo omwe amakhala ndi vuto logaya.

Dziwani za dziko zomwe zikuchitikazo. Chifukwa chake, izi zikuchuluka makamaka pakati pa Amwenye aku Pima ndi aku Mexico. Popezeka anthu ambiri, anthu okalamba amadwala. Mwa anthu onse achikulire, omwe amayamba kudwala matenda ashuga owonjezera kapena opitirira muyeso amapezeka m'mayeso 10%. Mwa anthu opitilira 65, kufala kumafika 20%. Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa izi kumawonedwa patatha zaka 75.

M'zaka zaposachedwa, chochitika china chowopsa chidadziwika - "kukonzanso" kwakukulu kwa msinkhu wowonekera kwa matenda a shuga a 2. Ngati matenda asanakhalepo mwa anthu osakwana zaka 40, tsopano amapezeka ndimatenda a achinyamata ngakhale ana.

Mwa abambo, matenda a shuga a 2 amapezeka kawirikawiri kuposa azimayi.

Zamoyo

Pali zinthu zingapo zamtunduwu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi lizionekera bwino. Matenda a shuga amapezeka chifukwa cha:

• chibadwa
• intrauterine chitukuko cha matenda,
• ukalamba
• kunenepa
• kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi
• chakudya chochulukirapo.

Chikhalidwe Chosiyanasiyana

Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti cholowa chimatsimikizira zomwe zimachitika 50-70%. Ngati kholo limodzi lidadwala matenda amtundu wa 2, mwayi wakumana ndi vuto lomweli umafikira 1: 2. Chiwopsezo cha matenda m'mapasa ofanana chimafikira 1: 9.

Matenda a shuga amatsimikizika ndi kuphatikiza kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Chizindikiro chilichonse chimawonjezera mwayi wodwala ndi 5-15%. Odwala amatha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya shuga ya loci yolumikizidwa ndi matenda amtundu wa 2.

Zotheka, kukula kwamatenda kumakhudzidwa ndi majini:

• kudziwa kapangidwe ndi insulin
• amene amachititsa chidwi cha zimakhala kuti insulin.

Zadziwika kale kuti ma genetic osavomerezeka amawonjezera chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga ndi 35-147%:

Zonsezi ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kuphatikizidwa kwa insulin.

Matenda a perinatal

Nthawi ya intrauterine imawonekera mu thanzi la munthu pamoyo wonse. Amadziwika kuti ngati mwana wabadwa ndi thupi lochepera, ndiye kuti mwayi wake wodwala matenda ashuga 2 ndiwokwera kwambiri. Ngati kulemera kwa kubala kumapitilira wamba, ndiye kuti zovuta za kagayidwe kakang'ono kogwiritsa ntchito muukalamba zimakulanso.

Kulemera kochepa kwa wakhanda (mpaka 2.3-2.8 makilogalamu) nthawi zambiri kumawonetsa kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi nthawi ya kubereka. Izi zimakhudza mapangidwe a metabolism "achuma" apadera. Anthu otere poyambira kukana insulini.Pakupita kwa zaka, kagayidwe kachuma kamapangitsa munthu kunenepa kwambiri, matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2, matenda a atherosclerosis, komanso matenda oopsa.

Kunenepa kwambiri pakubadwa (woposa makilogalamu 4.5) kumawonetsa kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazakudya kwa mayi ake. Amayi otere amapatsira ana awo zoyipa. Chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga a mtundu 2 kwa mwana ndi kufikira 50% (moyo wonse).

Kulemera komanso kuchuluka kwa thupi kumathandizira kwambiri kukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2.

Kulemera kwabwinobwino kumatsimikiziridwa ndi index ya thupi (BMI).

Kulemera kwabwinobwino kwa thupi kumafanana ndi mndandanda wa 18.5 mpaka 24,9 kg / m2. Ngati BMI ya 25-29.9 kg / m2, ndiye kuti amalankhula za onenepa kwambiri.

Otsatirawa madigiri atatu a kunenepa kwambiri:

• 1 digiri (30-34.9 kg / m2),
• 2 digiri (35-39.9 kg / m2),
• 3 digiri (oposa 40 kg / m2).

Chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga ndichofanana ndi BMI. Chifukwa chake, ndi kunenepa kwambiri kwa madigiri 2-3 pa chizindikirochi, mwayi wokumana ndi matendawa ndi wokwera maulendo 10 kuposa kuchuluka kwa anthu.

BMI mwa amuna itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zoletsa pang'ono. Sitha kutsimikiza kunenepa kwambiri mwa anthu okalamba komanso m'masewera omwe amakhala ndi minofu yayikulu. Mwa magulu awa odwala, ndikulondola kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowerengera kuchuluka kwa minofu ya adipose pogwiritsa ntchito caliperometry.

Pakatha zaka 30, amuna ambiri akulemera kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, zogonana zolimba zimasamala kwambiri zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zopatsa mphamvu ngakhale pamasewera. Pachikhalidwe, kuwonda pang'ono kumawerengedwa kuti sikuti kwam'gwera munthu wamwamuna wamkulu.

Potukula matenda ashuga, gawo lalikulu limaseweredwa ndi thupi. Amuna ambiri amakonda kunenepa kwambiri pamimba.

Ndi njirayi, minofu yamafuta imayikidwa kwambiri pamimba. Ngati bambo ali ndi chiuno chokwanira kupitirira masentimita 96, ndiye kuti amapezeka kuti ali ndi vuto la kunenepa kwambiri pamimba.

Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi thupi lotere, chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga ndiwokwera maulendo 20 kuposa pafupifupi.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi

Kulephera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi amodzi mwa chikhalidwe cha moyo wamatauni. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala akuchita ntchito zamaganizidwe.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi ndizochepa poyerekeza:

• chifukwa chosowa nthawi yaulere,
• masewera otchuka
• kupezeka kwakukulu kwa mayendedwe apagulu ndi anthu.

Pafupifupi, munthu wokhala pamudzi amafunika ma kilocalories 3500-4500 patsiku. Ndi mphamvu yayikulu iyi yomwe bambo amagwiritsa ntchito m'mudzimo pa ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku. Kwa wokhala mumzinda, kufunikira kwa mphamvu kumakhala kochepa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri wogwira ntchito muofesi amawononga ma kilocalories 2000-3000 patsiku.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zimathandizira kukhalabe ndi metabolism yachilengedwe. Amadziwika kuti patadutsa maola 12 ataphunzitsidwa, kuchuluka kwa ma insulini pama cell membrane kumapitirirabe. Minofu imawonjezera chidwi chawo ku insulin, monga kufunikira kwawo kwa glucose kumawonjezeka.

Hypodynamia ndi chiopsezo chokha cha matenda ashuga. Ngakhale bambo atakhala wopanda kulemera kwambiri, koma samasewera masewera, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo cha matenda chikuwonjezeka pafupifupi nthawi ziwiri.

Matenda a 2 a matenda ashuga

Nthawi zambiri, insulini imagwira ntchito pamafuta ambiri amthupi.

Ali pa khungu, iye:

• amathandizira kugwedezeka kwa glucose,
• timapitiliza glycogen kaphatikizidwe,
• Amino acid.
• timapitilira kaphatikizidwe ka DNA,
• amathandizira kayendedwe ka ion
• imapangitsa kaphatikizidwe kazakudya zomanga thupi ndi mafuta,
• linalake ndipo tikuletsa lipolysis,
• amachepetsa gluconeogenesis,
• amalepheretsa apoptosis.

Kusowa kwa insulini komanso kuchepa kwa insulin kumapangitsa kuti glycemia iwonjezeke. Matenda a metabolic awa ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda amtundu wa 2. Mafuta am'magazi amatsogolera kuthana ndi gawo la impso ndi glycosuria. Kuchuluka kwa osmotic diuresis kumakwiyitsa madzi am'madzi.

Tiziwalo zonse zam'magazi a shuga 2 samalandira mphamvu zochuluka. Kuperewera kumatsekeka pang'ono chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni ndi mafuta. Koma mthupi limodzi ndi matendawa, matenda obisika ang'onoang'ono nthawi zonse amasungidwa nthawi zonse.

Ngakhale mahomoni ochepa kwambiri amatha kuletsa kapangidwe ka matupi a ketone (ketogenesis).

Chifukwa chake, mtundu wa 2 shuga mellitus sadziwika ndi ketosis (kupereka mphamvu kwa thupi chifukwa cha matupi a ketone) ndi metabolic acidosis (acidization ya thupi chifukwa chodzikundikira zinthu zamankhwala acid.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga wofika ndi shuga wambiri sikumachitika kawirikawiri. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amachitika chifukwa cha kuperewera madzi m'thupi mukamamwetsa m'mimba kapena ndimatenda amtima (kugunda kwamtima).

Zotsatira zambiri za matenda ashuga ndizovuta zomwe zimachedwa. Zowonongeka zamachitidwe a ziwalo ndizotsatira zachindunji za hyperglycemia. Popanda kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, zimawonongeka kwambiri m'maselo.

Ndi mtundu wachiwiri, zovuta zimatha kupezeka nthawi yomweyo matenda omwe amapezeka. Izi ndichifukwa choti shuga ngati imeneyi nthawi zambiri imabisika kwanthawi yayitali yobisika. Njira ya asymptomatic imapangitsa kuti adziwe zovuta zakutsogolo.

Zizindikiro za matendawa

Nthawi zambiri, matenda a shuga a 2 mwa amuna amapezeka mwangozi. Kuchepa pang'ono kwa thanzi lomwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala koyambirira kwamatendawa sikungapangitse odwala kuwona dokotala. Madandaulo nthawi zambiri amapezeka ndi hyperglycemia yayikulu.

Zizindikiro zotsatirazi ndizofanana ndi matenda ashuga:

Kuphatikiza apo, odwala ambiri amamva kutopa ndi kufooka kosalekeza.

Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, odwala amatha kudzikayikira. Kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi kumalumikizidwa ndi hyperinsulinism.

Izi zidawonetsedwa:

• njala yayikulu
• manja akunjenjemera
• kugunda kwa mtima
• kukakamizidwa
• thukuta.

Nthawi zina odwala kwa nthawi yayitali amanyalanyaza zizindikiro zonse za matendawa. Kapangidwe ka zovuta kumawapangitsa kuti akaonane ndi dokotala.

Kwa abambo, chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zokambirana ndi madokotala ndi kukanika kwa erectile. Poyamba, wodwalayo angagwirizanitse kuchepa kwa potency ndi nkhawa yayitali, zaka komanso zifukwa zina. Mukamayang'ana odwala oterewa, kupezeka kwa hyperglycemia komanso kukana insulin kumatha kupezeka.

Zovuta zina za matenda a shuga 2 zimawonekera:

• kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe
• kuchepa kumverera kwa zala ndi zala zakumaso,
• kuwoneka kwa ming'alu ndi zilonda zosachiritsa,
• matenda opatsirana.

Matenda a shuga amathanso kuonekera kwa nthawi yoyamba kuchipatala chifukwa cha matenda a mtima kapena a stroke. Zomwezi palokha ndizotsatira zamavuto a metabolic. Mavuto akanatha kupewedwa mukazindikira kale matenda a shuga a 2.

Kuyesa Matenda a shuga

Kuzindikira matenda a shuga a mtundu 2 kumaphatikizapo kutsimikizira kwa hyperglycemia. Chifukwa cha izi, zitsanzo zama shuga am'magazi zimatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso maola awiri mutatha kudya. M'mawa, shuga ayenera kukhala m'mitundu 3.3-5,5 mM / L, masanawa - mpaka 7.8 mM / L. Matenda a shuga amapezeka pomwe hyperglycemia yapezeka kuchokera ku 6.1 mM / L pamimba yopanda kanthu kapena kuchokera 11.1 mM / L tsiku lonse.

Ngati mphamvu ya shuga ndi yapakatikati, ndiye kuti kuyesedwa kwa glucose kulolerana ("curve shuga") kumachitika.

Wodwala ayenera kubwera kuchipatala pamimba yopanda kanthu. Choyamba, iye amatenga muyeso woyamba wa shuga. Kenako perekani madzi otsekemera kuti amwe (75 g shuga) pakamwa lililonse la madzi. Kuphatikiza apo pasanathe maola awiri wodwalayo ali pamalo opumira (atakhala). Munthawi imeneyi, simungathe kumwa, kapena kudya, kusuta, kapena kumwa mankhwala. Kenako, kuyeza magazi mobwerezabwereza kumachitika.

Kutengera zotsatira za mayeso, kuwunika kungachitike:

• zizolowezi
• matenda ashuga
• kulolerana kwa shuga,
• kusala hyperglycemia.

Mikhalidwe iwiri yomaliza imatchedwa prediabetes. 15% ya odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kulekerera glucose amapanga shuga pachaka.

Gome 1 - Njira zoyesera matenda a shuga ndi zovuta zina za kagayidwe kazakudya (WHO, 1999).

M'zaka zaposachedwa, kusanthula kwa hemoglobin kwa glycated kwakhala kukugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kuti adziwe matenda a hyperglycemia. Chizindikiro ichi chikuwonetsa pafupifupi glycemia m'miyezi 3-4 yapitayo. Nthawi zambiri, hemoglobin wa glycated ndi 4-6%. Ndi chiwonetsero cha matenda ashuga, gawo ili limakwera mpaka 6.5% (ochepera).

Mayeso owonjezera amachitidwa kuti atsimikizire insulin kukaniza ndi kuchepa kwa insulin. Ndikofunikira kupenda magazi a insulin, C-peptide, magazi ndi mkodzo wa matupi a ketone. Nthawi zina pozindikiritsa mosiyanasiyana mtundu 1, wodwalayo amalimbikitsidwa kupatsira ma antibodies ena (ku GAD, etc.)

Matenda a Type 2 amadziwika ndi:

• kuchuluka kapena kwabwinobwino ka insulin,
• kuchuluka kapena kwabwinoko kwa C-peptide,
• matupi a ketone otsika kapena opanda mkodzo ndi magazi,
• kusowa kwa gawo lalikulu la ma antibodies.

Insulin resistance indices (HOMA ndi CARO) amawerengedwa. Kuwonjezeka kwa mfundo za HOMA zopitilira 2.7 kukuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa insulin. Ngati cholozera cha CarO ndichoposa 0.33, ndiye kuti izi zimatsimikizira kusamva kwapang'onopang'ono kwa minofu ku beta-cell hormone.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga mwa amuna opitilira 50

Zizindikiro zoyambirira pambuyo pa zaka 30 mwa amuna sizimachitika kawirikawiri. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amayamba kukula atakula. Nthawi zambiri, amuna samalabadira zizindikiro za kudwala, kuwalembera kuntchito yowonjezera, zovuta zina ndi zina m'moyo.

Mawonetsero oyamba a matendawo amapezeka pokhapokha shuga wamagazi akatuluka. Zizindikiro zoyambira:

• kudumphira thupi (kulemera kapena kuchepa),
• kutopa kochulukirapo, makamaka ndi kuyima nthawi yayitali
• kusakhazikika
• vuto la kugona
• njala yosatha, ngakhale mutadya.
• kutuluka thukuta mosasamala kanthu za chaka,
• kuwoneka kwa totupa pakhungu (pafupipafupi kutulutsa - ma kanjedza, miyendo, zikhalidwe), limodzi ndi kuyabwa.

Njira zoberekera ndi kubereka zimavutika. Izi ndichifukwa cha zovuta za matupi a ketone, chifukwa chomwe kuphatikiza kwa mahomoni achimuna (testosterone) kumachepetsedwa. Pali zovuta ndi kupangika, kuchepetsedwa chilakolako chogonana ndikukhumba amuna kapena akazi anzanu. Mwina kumayambiriro kwa msambo.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda amtundu 1 komanso 2

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 40 zimasiyana. Zimatengera mtundu wamatenda; anthu achikulire amatha kukhala ndi matenda amtundu woyamba kapena mtundu wa 2.

Nthawi zambiri, pamsinkhu uwu, mtundu wachiwiri umachitika. Pathology imayenda pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, insulini imapangidwa m'thupi la wodwalayo ndimaselo a ma pancreatic, koma pazifukwa zina sizigwirizana ndi glucose.

Zizindikiro zazikulu pambuyo pa zaka 60: mavuto ammaso, kusokonezeka kukumbukira, kuchuluka thukuta. Chifukwa cha kuzungulira kwa magazi, zipsera zilizonse, mabala, ndi zowonongeka zina pakhungu sizichiritsidwa.

Chomwe chimayambitsa matenda amtundu woyamba wa shuga ndikuyenda bwino kwa kapamba, chifukwa chake kupanga kwa insulin kumachepa kapena kuyimitsidwa. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumawonjezeka kwambiri, chifukwa momwe ma jakisoni a insulin amafunikira.

Mawonetsedwe akulu a shuga omwe amadalira insulin: ludzu lamphamvu (munthu amamwa mpaka malita 5 amadzi patsiku), kukodza pafupipafupi, kuchuluka kwa chilakolako chofuna kudya. Nthawi yomweyo, wodwalayo amachepetsa msanga, kuyabwa kwambiri pakhungu kumawonekera.

Kuzindikira komanso kuchiza matenda ashuga

Paubwana, mwina sipangakhale chizindikiro cha matenda. Komabe, atafika zaka 30, aliyense ayenera kupereka magazi pafupipafupi kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa shuga, makamaka ngati zizindikiro za matendawa zikuonekera pakhungu. Kapenanso munthu amangoyang'ana kusokonekera popanda chifukwa.

Palibenso chifukwa chodikirira kuonekera kwa matenda ena ake. Pokayikira pang'ono, muyenera kuyesedwa kwathunthu. Mulinso:

• kuyezetsa magazi kwa shuga,
• kuyesa kwa mkodzo kwa shuga,
• glycosylated hemoglobin,
• kuyeserera kwa glucose
• Kutsimikiza kwa ma peptides enieni ndi insulin m'madzi a m'magazi.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga kwa amuna ochepera zaka 30 zimatengera etiology yamatenda. Ndi kuwonongeka kwa kapamba ndi kukula kwa mtundu wa 1 matenda, njira yokhayo yothandizira ndi kukhazikitsa insulin mosadukiza. Mlingo wake umasankhidwa malinga ndi gawo la matenda ashuga ndi zizindikiro za shuga m'magazi a m'magazi. Nthawi zambiri, jakisoni amayenera kuchitidwa musanadye chilichonse.

Ndi chitukuko cha matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2, kudya komanso kuchuluka kwa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi kungakhale kokwanira kutulutsa shuga m'magazi. Izi zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa kudya kwa mafuta m'thupi la munthu, ndipo panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, shuga amayamba kuthamanga.

Nthawi zina izi sizingakwanire. Pa mishuga yambiri, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa othandizira a hypoglycemic kungasonyezedwe: Siofora, Manilin. Kuwongolera vutoli, agonists a GLP-1 receptors amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi zikuphatikizapo Viktoza, Baeta. Ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa odwala, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito Biguanides. Mankhwalawa amalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa minofu ya glucose.

Udindo wofunikira pakuchiza matenda a shuga, makamaka ngati sichidalira insulin, umasewera ndi zakudya. Kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya choyenera kumatha kuchepetsa shuga, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kumwa kwamafuta, zonunkhira, zonunkhira, mchere komanso mbale zakusuta, komanso zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chamafuta othamanga.

Zotsatira ndi zovuta zina

Ngati mungazindikire nthawi yoyambira zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mwa amuna pambuyo pa zaka 50, mutha kupewa zovuta. Matendawa amakhala ndi zoyipa pamtima pamtima. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale povuta kwambiri: myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, komanso matenda oopsa, atherosclerosis, etc.

Zotsatira zakuphwanya kwa ma cellcirculation, magazi kupita ku mawonekedwe a maso, ma catartery, retinal detachment, ndi matenda ashuga retinopathy.

Ndi matenda ashuga, aimpso glomeruli ndi tubules zimakhudzidwa. Izi zimabweretsa kukanika kwa aimpso, matenda ashuga nephropathy, komanso ovuta kwambiri aimpso kulephera.

Mwazi umatulutsa shuga m'magazi. Izi zimakhudza thanzi la wodwalayo: kupweteka mutu pafupipafupi kumaonekera, kugona kumakhala kopumira, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chidwi kumakulirakulira. Munthu amasokonekera, kulumikizana kwa kayendedwe kumasokonekera.

Popanda chithandizo chanthawi yake, wodwalayo amakula. Pokhudzana ndi kuwonongeka kwa magazi m'magawo otsika, zilonda zam'mimba za trophic zimayamba. Chifukwa chakuphatikizira kwa kachilombo ka bakiteriya, kupezeka kwa matenda opatsirana komanso kutupa sikuphatikizidwa. Nthawi zina, gangrene amakula, pomwe njira yokhayo yotulutsira dzanja.

Wodwala amataya kuzindikira, paresthesias amakula. Munthu amadziwa kumverera kwa "kuthamanga tsekwe."

Kupewa matenda a shuga kwa akulu akulu

Njira zopewera matenda a shuga ziyenera kuchitika osati pakukalamba, koma kale kwambiri, mpaka zaka 40. Palibenso chifukwa chodikirira mpaka chizindikiro choyamba cha matendawo chiwonekere, koma kuti mupewe kukula.

Kuti muchite izi, muyenera:

1. Khalani ndi moyo wathanzi komanso wakhama. Ndikofunika kuti chikhale chokwanira: kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse. Izi zikuthandizira kupewa kunenepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matenda ashuga akwaniritse.
2. Muzipereka chakudya chokwanira komanso chokwanira. Iyenera kukhala ndi zakudya zachilengedwe zomwe zimakhala ndi fiber. Ndikofunikira kupatula kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mbale zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta owala.
3. Musaiwale za regimen ya kumwa - muyenera kumwa osachepera 1.5-2 malita a madzi oyera tsiku lililonse.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndikuwonetseratu zamtundu wamatenda, muyenera kupimidwa pafupipafupi. Yesetsani kuyesedwa ndi dokotala, osanyalanyaza malingaliro ndi nthawi yoikika.

Kodi matenda ashuga ndi chiyani?

Matendawa amatanthauza endocrine pathology, momwe ntchito ya secocrine ya secretion, kapamba, amasokonezedwa kapena kulekeka.Zikondazo zimatulutsa mahomoni ofunikira - insulin. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuphwanya shuga, komwe kumalowa m'magazi.

Mashuke onse omwe amalowa mthupi la munthu ndiye gwero lalikulu lamphamvu ndipo samatha kulowa m'malo ena, mwachitsanzo, ku ubongo. Ngati kupanga kwa insulin kusokonezeka, kupanga shuga kumasokonezedwanso.

Izi zimabweretsa zotsatira ziwiri:

• ziwalo sizimapeza glucose wofunikira ndi mphamvu (hypoglycemia zimachitika),
• kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, thupi limayesetsa kuchotsa mkodzo mu mkodzo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti minyewa isamayende bwino komanso kukhala ndi mtima wamankhwala (hyperglycemia).

Kuchulukana kosalekeza kwa shuga kumayambitsa kusintha kwa ziwalo zamkati ndi ziwalo. Nthawi zambiri, wodwalayo amafuna jakisoni wa insulin yochita kupanga.

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga

Matendawa amatchulidwa kuti autoimmune. Matenda a shuga 1 amtunduwu alibe zifukwa zomveka zoyambira. Zimachitika pamene maselo a kapamba amaleka kugwira ntchito moyenera ndikuletsa kupanga kwa insulin. Thupi limaleka kulowa m'magazi kapena kuchuluka kwake kumakhala kocheperako poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga.

Matenda amtunduwu amatchedwanso "mwana." Izi ndichifukwa choti ambiri mwa anthuwa ndi anthu azaka zosakwana 35. Matenda a shuga a Type 1 ndi matenda osowa. Ndi m'modzi yekha mwa anthu 10 omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba. Zizindikiro za matenda amtundu woyamba 1 ndizofala kwambiri mwa amuna kuposa akazi

Type 2 shuga

Ndiwo mtundu wofala kwambiri wamatenda padziko lapansi. Cholinga chake ndikuti kapamba satulutsa insulin yokwanira kapena munthu amayamba kukana zinthu izi.

Nthawi zambiri, matenda a shuga a 2 amakhudza anthu okalamba.

Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi njira yolakwika, choyambirira, mavuto azakudya komanso kukana kuchita zolimbitsa thupi. Kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga a 2 nthawi zambiri kumayambira chibadwa chathu. Mutha kudwala ngakhale malamulo onse azakudya azitsatiridwa ngati pali achibale apamtima omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Matenda a shuga

Matendawa amapezeka mwa amayi apakati okha ndipo nthawi zambiri amachoka osalandira chithandizo atabereka. Pakatha milungu 16, kuchuluka kwa magazi a amayi kumawonjezeka. Amatha kuthana ndi vuto la glucose.

Kukula kwa matenda osokoneza bongo ndi chiopsezo kwa amayi ndi mwana. Mavuto a matendawa amatha kukhala kuphwanya kwa endocrine system mwa mwana, komanso ngakhale kubereka msanga. Pafupifupi theka la azimayi oyembekezera omwe akudwala amakhala ndi chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga achiwiri.

Zolinga za Asitomala

Ziwalo zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa ndizo ziwalo zamkati zamunthu zomwe zimavutika makamaka pakupanga mtundu uliwonse wa matenda ashuga. Mavuto azaumoyo amayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa glucose komanso kufalikira kwa shuga m'matumbo a ziwalo.

Zofunikira zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga ndi:

• Maso. Shuga amadziunjikira mu fundus ndi mandala. Izi zimayambitsa kutupa komanso kusokonekera. Popita nthawi, edema yovuta imayamba, yomwe imayambitsa glaucoma ndikuwonongeka.
• Impso. Munthu wathanzi sayenera kukhala ndi shuga mumkodzo, pomwe wodwala wodwala matenda a shuga amakhala ndi gawo lalikulu. Izi zimabweretsa matenda ashuga nephropathy, matenda omwe amachititsa kuti impso iziperewera.
• Khungu ndi misomali. Mafuta ophatikiza ndi malo abwino kwambiri okhala mabakiteriya ndi bowa. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, matenda oyamba ndi khungu ndi misomali nthawi zambiri amachitika.
• Amitundu. Mwa amuna ndi akazi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, mkaka umapezeka kangapo kuposa anthu athanzi.
• Mtima wamtima. Kuperewera kwa insulin kumayambitsa kusintha m'makoma amitsempha yamagazi. Izi zimabweretsa kufupika kwamagazi ndi chitukuko cha ischemia.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za shuga mwa amuna

Zizindikiro za shuga mwa amuna zimawonekera pamene matendawa akukula:

• ludzu losalekeza. Kufuna kumwa madzi kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga, komwe thupi limafuna kusungunula,
• kukodza pafupipafupi. Izi ndichifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo: Choyamba, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi nthawi zonse, ndipo chachiwiri, thupi likuyesetsa kuthana ndi shuga wambiri mumkodzo,
• kusintha kwa thupi. Ngati matenda a shuga sayambitsidwa ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi komanso kunenepa kwambiri, kulemera kumachepera. Izi ndichifukwa choti thupi sililandira mphamvu kuchokera ku glucose ndikuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta osungidwa,
• masomphenya osalala. Mafuta ochulukirapo amayambitsa kutumphuka kwa mandala, diso limalephera kuyang'ana kwathunthu ndipo chilichonse chozungulira chimawoneka chosamveka.
• kufooka. Thupi limapereka mphamvu zake zonse pokonza chakudya, motero munthu amakhala atatopa nthawi zonse, amafuna kugona.
• kuyabwa ndiuma pakhungu, m'manja ndi kumapazi. Ndi matenda ashuga, chitetezo cha epidermis ku zofooka zakunja chimachepa. Kuphatikiza apo, ambiri mabakiteriya ndi bowa zomwe zingayambitse kuyanika kumera pamwamba.

Momwe mungatsimikizire kuzindikira kwa matenda ashuga

Mlingo (mulingo) wa shuga m'magazi uli ndi dzina lasayansi - glycimia. Kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatchedwa hyperglycemia, ndi kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi - hypoglycemia sikuvulanso.

Mutha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa glucose pokhapokha mothandizidwa ndi kusanthula mwachangu kapena kuyesa labotale. Zizindikiro za matenda am'mimba mwa amuna ndi chisonyezo chosakwanira kuti apange matenda. Mayeso a labotale amafunika pano.

Shuga ndi HbA1

Njira zabwino zothanirana ndi shuga m'magazi anu ndi mita yamagazi ndi mizere yoyesera. Chipangizocho chimakupatsani mwayi woyezetsa magazi molondola kwambiri kwa mphindi zingapo. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amafunika kukhala ndi mita yamagazi m'magazi ndikuyang'ana momwe angasinthire pakusala kudya kwa magazi ndikatha kudya.

HbA1 ndi dzina lothandiza pakuwunikidwa kwa hemoglobin wa glycated. Kuchuluka kwa shuga ngakhale mwa munthu wathanzi kumasinthasintha. Makamaka kusintha kwakukulu kumachitika panthawi yolimbitsa thupi komanso mukatha kudya. Ma HbA1 amathandizira kudziwa za kuchuluka kwa shuga pakapita nthawi yayitali.

Kuchita kwa HbA1:

• pansipa 6% - shuga m'magazi ndiabwino
• Pamwambapa 6%, koma pansipa 6.5% - kutengera kwa matenda ashuga,
• pamtunda wa 6.5% - matenda a shuga a 2.

Mayeso a Glucose kulolerana (GTT)

Kuyesedwa kwa glucose kulolerana (GTT) kumathandizira kudziwa momwe thupi limapiririra ndi shuga wambiri komanso momwe amachitira mofulumira. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzira kulekerera kwa glucose.

Mutu umatenga magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndiye kuti amamwa madzi a shuga. Kuwunikiranso mobwerezabwereza kumachitika pambuyo pa mphindi 60 komanso pambuyo pa maola awiri. Munthawi imeneyi, munthu amaletsedwa kulimbitsa thupi, kusuta ndi kumwa mowa. Kuyesako kukuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa glucose amawonongeka.

Urinalysis

Kuyesa kwa mkodzo kwa matenda ashuga ndi kosiyana ndi kuyesa kwamkodzo kwamkodzo. Kutulutsa kwa mkodzo kumaphunziraku kumachitika tsiku lonse, kotero kuti ndende yokhala ndi shuga imakhala ndi zolondola zingapo. Madzimadzi amasonkhanitsidwa tsiku lonse - osachepera 200 ml amafunikira mwachindunji kuti awunikidwe. Onetsetsani kuti mwalemba kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa mkodzo.

Zotsatira za matenda ashuga kwa abambo

Kusapezekapo kapena chithandizo chokwanira cha matenda ashuga mwa abambo kumabweretsa zovuta zazikulu komanso kufa. Kuti mupewe izi, muyenera kutsatira zakudya mosamala, ndipo zikasonyezedwa, jekeseni insulin.

Zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri za matenda ashuga ndi kuperewera kwa matenda ashuga. Zimachitika pamene ziwalo zikusowa kwambiri mphamvu, popeza glucose suwonongeka.

Tchati ichi chikulemba zomwe zimachitika mu shuga kwa amuna.

Pali magawo awiri pakupanga chikomokere:

1. Kholo. Wodwalayo amakhala oopsa komanso ogona, ntchito zake zamaubongo zimasokonekera: kukumbukira ndi kulingalira. Zimakhala zotentha kwambiri kwa munthu, amayamba thukuta kwambiri, kugwedezeka kwa dzanja kumayamba. Mlingo wa acetone umakwera, womwe umakhudza ubongo - malankhulidwe ake ndi masinthidwe ake amatha kusintha, fungo losasangalatsa limawonekera kuchokera mkamwa. Kupanikizika kumayamba kuchepa pang'onopang'ono.
2. Wodwala amataya chikumbumtima, samachira. Kupuma kumakhala phokoso, fungo lakuthwa la acetone limafalikira kuzungulira munthu. Khungu limakhala lozizira, labwinobwino. Ziwalo zonse zam'mimba ndi lilime zimakhala zouma. Kutentha kwa thupi ndi kukakamizidwa kumachepetsedwa. "Mimba" imatupa, ndi palpation, chiwindi chimakulitsidwa. Mkodzo umatha kutuluka.

Mfundo zachithandizo

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa. Chithandizo cha Mtundu 1 chimachitika pokhapokha pokhapokha kugwira ntchito ya thupi ndi jakisoni wa insulin yochita kupanga.

Popeza matenda ashuga ndi matenda osachiritsika, maziko a mankhwalawa ndi zakudya zoyenera komanso zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Kuphwanya zakudya kumatha kuyambitsa zovuta komanso ngakhale kwa ndani. Odwala ayenera kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala aliwonse omwe ali ndi shuga.

Kutengera ndi kuopsa kwa matendawa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a insulin pochiritsira, dokotalayo amakhazikitsa njira yothandizira mafuta, omwe thupi limatha kuthana nawo popanda kuvulaza ntchito ya ziwalo zamkati.

Madokotala ena amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo yazakudya zitatu. Zimakhala ndi zakuti zakudya "zofiira" ndizoletsedwa mwamphamvu, "chikasu" chimatha kudyedwa, koma zochepa, ndi "zobiriwira", zomwe zimatha kudyedwa popanda zoletsa.

Kukhala ndi thupi lokwanira

Matenda a shuga a shuga ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kunenepa kwambiri, odwala ambiri ayenera kutaya 5 kg. Kulemera kumayamba pomwe thupi silitha kuyamwa bwino insulini ndipo osalamulira thupi. Ndi kuchepa kwa thupi, kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi kumapangitsa kuti magazi azikhalanso wamphamvu.

Katundu wowonjezereka pamtima amazimiririka, komwe ndi kupewa matenda amtima.

Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi

Zizindikiro za shuga mwa amuna zimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi. Madokotala amalimbikitsa kuti odwala matenda ashuga azilimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse. Masewera olimbitsa thupi oyenera ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi m'mawa komanso kuyenda maulendo ataliwonse mumlengalenga.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zimapangidwa ndikuwononga mphamvu, ndiye kuti, kumwa kwa gawo lina lamagazi kuchokera m'magazi. Amathandizanso mkhalidwe wamtima wama mtima ndikuchepetsa kwambiri kukula kwa matendawa. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikuloledwa ngati shuga sangadutse 15.

Mutha kuyamba kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pokhapokha maola awiri mutatha kudya. M'mbuyomu, pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumayeza. Ngati chizindikirochi chili pansipa 8, muyenera kudya maswiti kapena zakudya zina zamafuta ochulukitsa.

Nthawi yamasewera, nsapato ndi zovala ndizofunikira. Wodwala sayenera kutuluka thukuta kwambiri komanso mopitirira muyeso chifukwa choopsa cha matenda apakhungu. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kusankha nsapato zabwino. Sayenera kukankha ndi kufinya mwendo. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusankha mitundu kuchokera ku nsalu zachilengedwe ndi zida.

Kudziletsa kokhazikika

Matenda a shuga amasintha osati pakudya komanso moyo, komanso munthawi yake.

Tsiku lililonse wodwala amafunikira:

• pangani chakudya chamunthu aliyense mogwirizana ndi chizolowezi chomanga thupi ndi zopatsa mphamvu, chakudya chimatengedwa malinga ndi dongosolo,
• ngati palibe pampu ya insulin, jakisoni wa insulini amaperekedwa kawiri patsiku kapena musanadye chakudya, kuti mwina mwasowa mlingo, jakisoni uyenera kuthandizidwa mwachangu, ngati mukumva bwino, onani dokotala.
• kuyang'anira pafupipafupi shuga, cholesterol ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi,
• wodwalayo ayenera kukhala ndi maswiti, msuzi kapena zakudya zina zokoma ndi iye. Ndizofunikira ngati shuga yatsika (mwachitsanzo, kupanikizika), ndipo pamakhala chiwopsezo cha kukomoka kwa hypoglycemic.

Ngakhale kutsatira malamulo onse komanso ndi thanzi labwino, wodwalayo amayenera kupita ku endocrinologist mwezi uliwonse.

Kodi nchifukwa ninji kuli kofunika kusiya kusuta fodya ndi kumwa mowa?

Kusuta ndi kumwa sikugwirizana ndi matenda ashuga.

Pali zifukwa zingapo izi:

• kuwonongeka kwamlomo wamkamwa: zotupa ndi zotupa zimayamba mwachangu kwambiri,
• mowa umayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kazakudya,
• ziwopsezo zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga mellitus zimakhudzidwa makamaka ndi poizoni. Izi zimathandizira kukulitsa zovuta,
• zakumwa zoledzeretsa zimathandizira kukulitsa matenda amitsempha yama ziwalo zamkati, makamaka ubongo.
• kudya pafupipafupi nicotine kumathandizira kuwonongeka kwa shuga ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi theka,
• mwa omwe amasuta fodya, matenda a magazi amawonjezeka kangapo,
• kumwa pafupipafupi mowa samakupatsani mwayi wowunika zakudya ndikuwongolera mayendedwe a glucose.

Mankhwala

Pali chithandizo chimodzi chokha cha matenda a shuga 1 - makonzedwe a mankhwala omwe amapanga insulin.

Itha kuikidwa munjira zingapo:

• insulin pump. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake ndikosavuta: kachipangizidwe kamavulaza mlingo woyenera wa timadzi m'thupi la munthu masana. Izi sizimafunikira majakisoni ndipo salola kuti pakhale insulin yambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, pampu simakhala bwino kuvala mukamasewera masewera komanso moyo wokonda kucheza,
• jakisoni wa ntchito yapakatikati komanso yayitali. Amayenera kuchitika kawiri patsiku ndi Mlingo wa insulin, womwe umayikidwa ndi dokotala.
• jakisoni waifupi komanso wa ultrashort. Kubweretsa insulin kumachitika kangapo patsiku musanadye.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, pali mankhwala omwe amakhudza kupanga insulin yachilengedwe komanso shuga ya magazi. Insulin yoyera imagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi. Ndi kulemera kwambiri kumbuyo kwa matenda ashuga, Metformin ndi mankhwala. Mankhwalawa amathandizira "kusunga" kukula kwa shuga m'magazi, pomwe osalola kuchepa kwambiri kwa glucose m'thupi ndi kupezeka kwa chikomokere cha hypoglycemic.

Mankhwala opangidwa kuchokera ku Sulfanylurea amalembedwa thupi likamatha kupanga yake insulin, koma kuchuluka kwake sikokwanira. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa mwa anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu wofatsa wamatenda kumathandiza kupewa kudalira insulin.

Mankhwala aposachedwa a incretin mimetic adangotuluka kumene pamsika wa pharmacological, koma adziwonetsa okha pakulimbana ndi matenda ashuga. Amagwira pamatumbo a m'mimba. Zotsatira zawo cholinga chake ndikupondereza "shuga" wobisika wa glucagon ndikulimbikitsa kupanga insulin.

Hood kuchokera ku Krifei waku Amur

Chomera chotsalira chimakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimatha kukonza thanzi la pancreatic ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa insulin yotulutsidwa. Amur Krythea amathandizira kagayidwe kazakudya zam'mimba komanso kukondoweza kwa chakudya, zomwe ndizofunikira kwa matenda ashuga.

Kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi kumateteza ku owonjezera kulemera. Ndikokwanira kumwa Tingafinye wa 1 tsp.katatu patsiku kwa akulu ndi kawiri kwa ana. Maphunziro amachitika kwa miyezi itatu ndikupuma pamwezi

Katatu tincture

Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mwa amuna zimathetsedwa bwino ndi kulowetsedwa katatu. Mankhwala ena amathandizira kukhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso kupewa matenda.

Pokonzekera tincture, muyenera kukonzekera 3 mwa zinthu zake:

1. Kapu ya vodika imatsanuliridwa mu anyezi watsopano watsopano wosadulidwa.
2. Kapu ya vodika imatsanulidwa 3 tbsp. l masamba a walnut.
3. Kapu ya vodika imatsanulidwa 2 tbsp. l mbewu cuff.

Chilichonse chimaphatikizidwa m'malo amdima kwa sabata limodzi. Kenako tincture wakonzedwa. 150: 60: 40 - Uwu ndi muyeso wa chinthu chilichonse mu ml kulowamo. Ndikofunika kumwa mankhwala m'mawa musanadye chakudya komanso musanagone.

Chiwembu ndi mawonekedwe a mankhwalawa amtundu wa matenda ashuga

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 1 amachokera pakukhazikika kwa insulin. Kubayidwa kwa nthawi yayitali kuyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi zazifupi. Nthawi zina, pofuna kuthandiza wodwalayo, amapaka insulin.

Chofunikira pakuchiritsa ndikudya kwapadera. Mtundu woyamba wa shuga, umawerengeredwa payekhapayekha ndipo umadalira zochita za thupi ndi wodwalayo. Maziko a chakudya ndi muyeso wa zakudya "mkate mkate" XE imodzi ili ndi 12 g yamafuta.

Chiwembu ndi mawonekedwe a mankhwalawa amtundu wa 2 shuga

Ma algorithm pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga ndiosiyana kwambiri ndi chithandizo cha matenda amtundu 1. Chiwembuchi chimapangidwa potengera machitidwe a matendawa, kupezeka kwa zovuta ndipo, koposa zonse, mulingo wa shuga m'magazi. Ngati zizindikirazo zinali zosakwana 7.5%, imodzi mwa mankhwalawo idalembedwa kuti wodwalayo achepetse shuga komanso kuyamwa bwino ndi thupi.

Nthawi zina, kudya kokha komanso kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa glucose ndizokwanira.

Ndi mitengo mpaka 9%, kuphatikiza chithandizo kumafunika pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala angapo omwe amachepetsa shuga ndikuthandizira kupanga insulin yanu.

Ngati shuga atakwera pamwamba pa 9%, jakisoni wa insulin yochita kupanga amafunikira. Ngati vuto la wodwalayo likhala bwino, jakisoni itha kuthetsedwa, ndipo wodwalayo amamuthandizira. Chofunikira ndi kupewa matenda obwera chifukwa cha matenda ashuga.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi mtundu uliwonse wa matenda akula kwambiri m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi. Kutengera malingaliro onse a dotolo, mutha kukhala moyo wathunthu komanso wautali. Pakati pazochitika, ndi zatsopano kapena zopezeka mu shuga yaubwana, wodwalayo amakhala ndi zaka 70.

Zowopsa si shuga wamagazi wokha, komanso zovuta za komwe adayambira. Pafupifupi 70% ya imfa ya odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a impso kapena mtima, komanso vuto laubongo. Pakadali pano, chiwerengero cha anthu odwala matenda a shuga chikuwonjezereka.

Mu zaka khumi, idzafika pamlingo wa mliri. Pakalipano, madokotala kuzungulira padziko lonse lapansi akuwonetsa alamu ndikulimbikitsa odwala awo kuti aziyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ngakhale pakalibe zizindikiro komanso zomwe zingayambitse matendawa. Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amatha kuwongolera bwino amuna ndi akazi. Zizindikiro zake zimathandizidwa bwino ndipo zitha kuthetsedwa.

Type 2 shuga

Zochizira mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri mwa amuna, kudya, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, mapiritsi apadera ndi mapiritsi a insulin amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chakudyacho chikufanana ndi tebulo la 9 malinga ndi Pevzner. Pazakudya, kuchuluka kwamafuta a nyama ndi zakudya zosavuta zamafuta zimayenera kuchepetsedwa (onani mkuyu. 1). Ndikofunika kukonza chakudya pafupipafupi m'magawo ang'onoang'ono.

Mkuyu. 1 - Mfundo zoyambitsa kudya zamavuto a shuga 2.

Mwamuna ayenera kudziwa pafupifupi kusowa kwake kwa mphamvu masana ndi kuganizira za zakudya zopatsa mphamvu. Osamadya kwambiri. Ndikofunika makamaka kuchepetsa chakudya madzulo.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zimasankhidwa malinga ndi zaka komanso matenda omwe amakhala nawo.

Gome 2 - Zochita zolimbitsa thupi pochiza matenda a shuga 2.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumayamba nthawi yomweyo matenda a shuga atapezeka. Poyamba, mankhwala amodzi kapena kuphatikiza mapiritsi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati izi sizokwanira, ndiye kuti insulin yolumikizidwa ndi mankhwalawa.

Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri, njira yomweyo ya insulin imalimbikitsidwa monga kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu 1. Kusiyanitsa kwamankhwala:

• nthawi zina kungokhala ndi insulin yokwanira,
• palibe chifukwa chowonekeratu chithandizo cha pampu,
• Mlingo wa insulin ndi waukulu kwambiri,
• Sakanizani mankhwala amapereka zabwino.

Gome 3 - Zolinga zochizira mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2 wa matenda a shuga.

Matenda a 2 a shuga amathandizidwa ndi endocrinologist. Odwala onse ayenera kulembedwa mu dispensary. Kuunika kwathunthu kumafunika kamodzi pachaka. Chithandizo chamkati - malinga ndi zikuwonetsa.

Endocrinologist I. Tsvetkova

Chalangizidwa kuti muwone:

Zizindikiro zakuwonekera kwa matenda ashuga mwa amuna

Type 2 shuga mellitus amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa matenda ashuga mwa amuna, chifukwa chomwe nthawi zambiri chimabisidwa pakuchulukitsidwa kwambiri kwa mafuta m'thupi chiwindi ndi ziwalo zina, komanso minofu yaumunthu.

Ena mwa ofufuza omwe amaphunzira kuperewera kwa metabolic amati zizindikiro ndi shuga ndi wopanda shuga matenda ashuga mwa amuna omwe ali ndi zaka zapakati amapangidwa nthawi zambiri kuposa akazi.

Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za matenda ashuga mwa amuna ndi awa:

• kulephera kwa aimpso, makamaka yowonekera usiku,
• kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwamadzi ndi kuchuluka kwa urea,
• ludzu lalikulu komanso losalekeza, monga chizindikiro cha matenda oti "shuga",
• kuyuma mkamwa
• allopecia, kapena kuchepa tsitsi mwadzidzidzi,
• mwa amuna omwe amakonda kukodza pafupipafupi, kusintha kwa khungu
• Kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito,
• kutopa kwambiri komanso kufooka,
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• kuchuluka kunenepa kwambiri, kunenepa kwambiri kapena kusowa kudya,
• retinopathy, kapena kuwonongeka kwamawonedwe ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zazikulu za matenda ashuga,
• kuyatsa pang'ono, koma kuonekera pakhungu, makamaka, kuwotchera m'mitsempha kapena kuwonda kumawonetsedwa nthawi zambiri,
• kusabala
• Kuchiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali mabala, kukanda ngakhale abrasions ndi zina mwazizindikiro zazikulu zomwe zingatheke kuzindikira matenda a shuga.

Ngakhale zizindikilo shuga wamagazi mwa abambo, zimachulukana pang'ono kapena izi zimachitika pang'onopang'ono, izi zikuwonetsa kale kusintha kwamphamvu m'thupi lanu. Zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro zake posachedwa zidzakulitsa ndikuthandizira kagayidwe, kupangitsa zotsatira zoyipa zomwe matenda ashuga amadziwika.

Zotsatira za matenda ashuga mwa amuna

Amuna opitilira 35% azindikira kuti awonjezera shuga m'magazi pokhapokha, kuwonjezerapo zomwe zafotokozedwazo, mavuto akulu a mtima awonekera.

Zizindikiro ndi zodabwitsazi mwa amuna ndizosatheka kuti muzindikire, koma zimawonekera posachedwa.
Pankhani ya matenda oyamba ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso chithandizo chokwanira pa matenda a shuga, ndikotheka kukhalabe ndi thanzi labwino.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, ambiri mwa iwo omwe ali ndi matenda a "shuga" akhala ndi moyo kwakanthawi.

Njira Yoyesera Matenda

Kuyang'ana kusinthasintha kwa zala zamanja m'manja, pakakhala nthenda ya "shuga", ndikofunikira kulumikizana ndi manja kuti zala zilumikizane kwathunthu ndi mbali ina ya nthambi.

Kufotokozera izi ndizizindikiro ndizotheka pokhapokha pakuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa tendons. Ambiri mwa abambo samalabadira zoyamba ndi zizindikiritso zoyambirira, kumaganizira kuti ndiwowonetsa matenda ena aliwonse, koma osati "matenda" a shuga.