Cholesterol chonse ndi chiwerengero cha HDL ndi LDL

Mfundo za njira.Njirayi imatengera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yonse mu masamu a seramu isanafike mpweya wa atherogenic apo-B wokhala ndi lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL ndi "mare" awo) ndipo pambuyo pake ndikuwonjezeranso kuchuluka kwa mafuta a cholesterol (index) VLDLP ndi LDL zomwe zili mu seramu yamafomu osapindulitsa ndi ma tungsten phosphoric acid ndi ma magnesium ion. sterol HDL (HDL-mafuta).

Kupita patsogolo kwa ntchito. Kuti 1,0 ml ya seramu yamagazi ikwaniritse 0.1 ml ya MgCl₂ 4% yamchere yankho la phosphoric tungsten acid. Phatikizani mphindi 30 ku 4 ° C (m'madzi oundana) kuti muthe kutsimikiziratu VLDL ndi LDL. Centrifuge chitsanzo kwa mphindi 15 nthawi 3,000 rpm. Mkulu, zindikirani zomwe zili mu cy-cholesterol (HDL-C). Kuti muchite izi, ikani 2.1 ml ya Lieberman-Burchard reagent mu chubu chouma ndikuwonjezera mosamala 0.1 ml ya supernatant yomwe ili kukhoma kwa chubu kenako ndikwaniritsa kutsimikiza monga momwe akufotokozera mu ntchito 1.

Kuchokera pakusiyana kwamafuta a cholesterol m'magazi athunthu (cholesterol yathunthu, onani ntchito N. 1) ndipo HDL, kuwerengera zazigawo za cholesterol za VLDL ndi LDL.

Kuwerengeracholesterol coefflication wa atherogenicity (K_xc) kupanga malinga ndi njira:

Zaumoyo komanso zamankhwala.Mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa HDL-C (α-cholesterol) ndi 0,4-0.6 g / l. Kuwona kuchuluka kwa HDL-C kumathandizira kuzindikira kuwopsa kwa matenda a mtima. Kutsika kwa HDL-C kwa munthu aliyense 0,55 g / l pansi pa avareji kumapangitsa kuti chiwopsezo cha matenda a mtima chikhale 25%. Mulingo wokwezeka wa HDL-C umawonedwa ngati anti-atherogenic factor.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kusintha kwa zomwe zili mu HDL-C zitha kuonedwa mu matenda ndi zinthu zingapo. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezeka kwa HDL-C kumawonekera ndi chiwindi chachikulu cha chiwindi, matenda oopsa a chiwindi, uchidakwa, komanso kuledzera kosatha. Kuchepa kwa HDL-C kumaonekera m'matenda am'madzi am'mimba, matenda a impso ndi chiwindi, mtundu wa IV hyperlipoproteinemia, komanso matenda obwera chifukwa cha bakiteriya komanso ma virus.

Kuti mudziwe njira zamankhwala othandizira komanso kupewa kupezeka kwa matenda a mtima, mpofunika kupenda pamodzi kuti mulingo wa cholesterol ndi HDL-C mu seramu yamagazi. Atherogenic Index K_xc, yomwe nthawi zambiri imasiyana pakati pa 2-4 mwa anthu athanzi, imawunikira molondola komanso mosavomerezeka pakuphatikizana kwa lipoproteins (LPs) pokhudzana ndi chiopsezo chotenga matenda a mtima ndi atherosclerosis, chifukwa chimafotokoza kuchuluka kwa mankhwala a atherogenic pazomwe zili ndi anti-atherogenic mankhwala a seramu. Kukwanira uku mu makanda osaposa 1, kumafikira 2.5 mwa amuna athanzi azaka 20-30 ndi 2.2 mwa amayi athanzi amsinkhu womwewo, mwa amuna azaka 40-60 opanda matenda akuwonetsa atherosulinosis kuyambira 3 mpaka 3.5, mwa anthu omwe ali ndi IHD imaposa 4, nthawi zambiri imafika pa 5-6, mwa anthu achikulire osaposa 90.

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Kodi cholesterol yonse yamwazi imapangidwa ndi chiyani?

• Imakhazikika pamisempha ya shuga kwa nthawi yayitali
• Imabwezeretsa kapangidwe ka insulin

Owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito bwino Aterol kutsitsa cholesterol. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Cholesterol chonse ndi kuphatikiza kwa mowa ndi mafuta. Amapezeka m'mizimba yonse ya thupi la munthu. Zambiri pazomwe zimawonedwa m'chiwindi, muubongo ndi chingwe cha msana, gland ya adrenal ndi gonads. Kuchuluka kwathunthu mthupi ndi pafupifupi 35 g.

M'mabuku akunyumba ndi akunja, mutha kupeza dzina lina la chinthucho - chimatchedwa "cholesterol". Gawo longa mafuta limagwira ntchito zambiri - limatenga gawo logaya chakudya, limatenga gawo popanga mahomoni ogonana amuna ndi akazi.

Mothandizidwa ndi cholesterol, ma adrenal gland amatulutsa cortisol mokwanira, ndipo vitamini D amapangidwa mumapangidwe am'mimba. Nthawi zambiri, thupi laumunthu limapanga zinthu zina lokha, ndipo pafupifupi 25% amabwera ndi chakudya.

Talingalirani za kuchuluka kwamafuta komwe kumawoneka kuti ndi koyenera kwa amuna ndi akazi ndipo chifukwa chiyani odwala matenda ashuga ali pachiwopsezo?

Kodi cholesterol yonse ndi chiyani?

Lingaliro la "cholesterol" ndi gawo la lipid lomwe limapezeka mu kapangidwe ka maselo a zinthu zonse zopanda moyo, popanda kupatula. Samasungunuka m'madzi, amatenga mbali zosiyanasiyana mthupi.

Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti cholesterol ndi chinthu choyipa chomwe chimayipitsa thupi. Koma kwenikweni izi siziri choncho. Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kumachitika chifukwa cha zakudya za anthu. 25% yokha ndi yomwe imalowa ndi chakudya, pomwe enawo amapangidwa ndi ma adrenal g chiwindi.

Mawu akuti "cholesterol yathunthu" amatanthauza mitundu iwiri yazinthu ngati zamafuta - awa ndi HDL ndi LDL. Izi ndi zinthu zam'madzi zam'munsi komanso zapamwamba. "Zowopsa" ndi gawo lomwe limatanthawuza maids ochepa a phids. Mu thupi laumunthu, limamangiriza kukhala ndi mapuloteni, atakhazikika mkati mwa khoma lamitsempha yamagazi, chifukwa, mapangidwe a atherosselotic amapangidwa omwe amasokoneza magazi.

HDL ndi chinthu chofunikira, popeza sichipanga mapepala, pomwe ikuthandizira kuthetsa omwe adapangidwa kale. Cholesterol wamphamvu kwambiri amakhala ndi zinthu “zoyipa” kuchokera m'mitsempha yamagazi ndi makoma enaake, kenako amazitumiza ku chiwindi, komwe mbali "yoopsa "yo imawonongedwa. HDL simabwera ndi chakudya, koma imangopangidwa m'thupi lokha.

Magwiridwe a cholesterol ali m'magulu otsatirawa:

1. Ndi gawo lolumikizana lamitsempha yama cell. Popeza sichimasungunuka m'madzi, izi zimapangitsa kuti ma membrane am'mimba azikhala osagwira. Ndi 95% opangidwa ndi lipid.
2. Chimalimbikitsa kapangidwe kazomwe mahomoni ogonana amakhala.
3. Amatenga nawo mbali machitidwe a metabolic. Imayang'anira kupanga acids, lipids, mahomoni a steroid ndi zina zofunikira kwa thupi.
4. Imathandizira magwiridwe antchito aubongo. Zatsimikiziridwa kuti cholesterol imakhudza luntha laumunthu, imakhudza kulumikizana kwa neural. Ngati pali cholesterol yambiri "yabwino" m'magazi, ndiye kupewa matenda a Alzheimer's.

Njira zosiyanasiyana zasayansi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kudziwa cholesterol yamagazi.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti anthu onse azisanthula kuti awonetsetse matenda omwe amadza chifukwa cha mtima, atherosclerosis, matenda a shuga ndi zina.

Ndani ayenera kuyang'anira cholesterol?

Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol sikuwonekera mwanjira iliyonse, palibe zizindikiritso zilizonse, chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri, munthu samazindikira kuchuluka kwake kwa pathological.

Komabe, akatswiri othandizira amalimbikitsa kuyezetsa magazi kuti adziwe chizindikiro ichi zaka zisanu zilizonse. Nawonso, ngati pali mbiri yamavuto pamtima kapena m'mitsempha yamagazi, kusanthula kumayenera kuchitika pafupipafupi.

Cholesterol imatha kupezeka kawiri pa nthawi yapakati. Izi ndizosiyana ndi zomwe zimachitika, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ma horoni komanso kusintha kwina m'thupi komwe kumayenderana ndi kukula kwa mwana.

Anthu otsatirawa ali pachiwopsezo:

• Kusuta anthu
• Odwala oopsa (odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kuthamanga kwa magazi),
• Kunenepa kapena Kunenepa kwambiri
• Anthu odwala matenda ashuga
• Ngati muli ndi mbiri yodwala matenda amtima,
• Amayi amiseche
• Amuna atakwanitsa zaka 40,
• Anthu okalamba.

Ndi matenda a shuga, ziwalo zonse zamthupi ndi machitidwe amthupi amavutika. Vuto ndilakuti odwala matenda ashuga amtundu wa II, mosasamala kanthu za kuwongolera kwa glucose, amakonda kutsika kwambiri ma triglycerides otsika komanso cholesterol yotsika, pomwe zinthu zawo "zabwino" m'magazi zimachepa.

Chithunzichi chimatsogolera ku kuthekera kwakukulu kokulira kwa kusintha kwa atherosulinotic m'thupi. Zilonda za cholesterol zopangidwa pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha imadziwika ndi mafuta ambiri komanso zimakhala zochepa zam'mimba, zomwe zimakweza chiopsezo chodzipatula - chotengera chimatsekeka, chomwe chimayambitsa vuto la mtima kapena matenda a matenda ashuga.

Mlingo wa cholesterol yathunthu m'magazi. Kufotokozera za zotsatira (tebulo)

Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa cholesterol yathunthu kumayesedwa ndi kuyezetsa kwachipatala maulendo ena opita kwa dokotala kuti awone ngati ali ndi vuto la atherosulinosis ndi matenda ena. Kusanthula kofananako kumachitidwanso ngati wodwalayo adalandira kale mankhwala ndi mabedi kuti muchepetse cholesterol.

Mukamasanthula magazi, ndikofunikira kuti musangoganizira kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yokhayo, komanso mawonetsedwe amtundu wa lipoprotein okwera komanso otsika.

Kudziwa kuchuluka kwa milomo ya lipoprotein m'thupi la wodwalayo, ndikosavuta kuwerengera chizindikiro chomwe chimatchedwa cogenffic ya atherogenic.

K xs = cholesterol General - HDL-HD / HDL - HC

Milandu iyi ikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta a cholesterol - otsika osalimba a lipoprotein okhutira ndi cholesterol yabwino.

Kusanthula kolesterol kwathunthu kumayendetsedwa motere:

• pa matenda a atherosulinosis ndi matenda ena a mtima dongosolo,
• matenda osiyanasiyana a chiwindi,
• Pa mayeso a wodwalayo, kuwunika thanzi lake komanso mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ena.

Odwala otsatirawa ali pachiwopsezo:

• amuna azaka zapakati pa 45 ndi akazi atatha zaka 55,
• matenda oopsa
• pambuyo pa vuto la mtima kapena stroko,
• ngati wodwala wapezeka ndi matenda a mtima,
• odwala matenda ashuga
• odwala onenepa
• oledzera
• osuta
• kumakhala moyo wongokhala.

Muyenera kuwunika pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ya anthu omwe mabanja awo atrosselosis kapena matenda okhudzana ndi mtima komanso mtima wapezeka kale. Kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol kungakhalenso chinthu chobadwa nacho, chomwe chimayambitsa matenda omwewo.

Mwazi umatengedwa kuchokera m'mitsempha, mosamalitsa pamimba yopanda kanthu, m'mawa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musadye chakudya kale maola 12-14 musanayesedwe.

Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yathunthu m'magazi kumadalira msinkhu komanso mkhalidwe wa wodwala. Amayi:

Mafuta a cholesterol m'magazi a anthu wamba ndi amayi apakati:

Cholinga cha cholesterol ndi cholinga chodziwitsa mulingo wake

Amagwiritsa ntchito mawu awiri: "cholesterol" ndi "cholesterol" yamakono. Mawu onsewa ndi ochokera ku Chigriki. Tambala ya "chole" imatanthawuza "bile", "stereo" amatanthauzidwa kuti "cholimba", "cholimba", ndipo mawu akuti "-ol" amawonjezeredwa chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa zakumwa. Cholesterol idapezeka koyamba mu 1784 m'miyala ya ndulu.

Ngati kapangidwe ka cholesterol kamapezeka m'thupi la munthu, ndiye kuti amatchedwa endo native (mkati), ndipo ngati abwera ndi chakudya, ndiye kuti tiyenera kulankhula za kunja, kapena cholesterol yakunja. Cholesterol imakhala yopanda madzi, chifukwa chake, mu kayendedwe ka m'mimba ndi magazi, cholesterol iyenera kukhala ndi chonyamulira chapadera. Mmalo awa ndi lipoproteins.

C cholesterol yathunthu imakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri - HDL ndi LDL. Pankhani yonyamula lipoprotein kupita ku ziwalo za thupi kuchokera pachiwindi, amakhala ndi kachulukidwe kochepa (LDL), ndipo motero, cholesterol yomwe ili mkati imatchedwa lowensens lipoprotein cholesterol. Cholesterol iyi, kukhala ochulukirapo m'thupi, imatha kuyambitsa zovuta zambiri: atherosulinosis, thrombosis, etc.

Mwanjira ina, ndi "yoyipa" cholesterol. Ngati ipita kuchiwindi, ndiye kuti tiyenera kunena za cholesterol “chabwino” kapena kachulukidwe kakakulu lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), komwe kumathandiza kuchotsa cholesterol yoyipa mthupi.

Cholesterol imagwira ntchito zingapo zofunika:

• Amapanga ndikukhazikitsa ma membrane am'm cell ndi ma cell a ma cell, kuti aletse kukhumudwa kwawo,
• imapereka chidziwitso mu maselo, madzi ake,
• amatenga nawo gawo pakulimbana kwa maselo,
• gawo la michere ya myelin ya ulusi wamanjenje,
• amatenga nawo mbali posinthana ndi mavitamini A, D, E ndi K,
• ali ndi antioxidant katundu
• amathandiza kupanga bile
• amatenga nawo mbali popanga cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone, estrogen.

Kuchita zowunikira kuti mudziwe kufunika kwa cholesterol m'magazi ndikofunikira kwa onse omwe akufuna kukhala athanzi, athanzi, ochenjera komanso achinyamata okhalitsa. M'pofunikanso kuti muwoneke kuopsa kwa matenda a matenda a m'matumbo, matenda a mtima, komanso matenda ashuga. Izi ndizofunikira popanga njira zodziwira matenda a lipid metabolism.

Othandizira amalimbikitsa kuti azichita mayeso osachepera kamodzi pazaka zisanu, ngakhale kwa iwo omwe alibe madandaulo okhudzana ndi thanzi lawo, makamaka dongosolo la mtima.

Komabe, odwala matenda oopsa komanso odwala mtima ayenera kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi. Ndofunikanso kwambiri kwa anthu onenepa kwambiri, osuta fodya, kwa iwo omwe amakhala ndi moyo wosakhazikika, kwa amuna azaka zopitilira 40, komanso azimayi pa nthawi yomwe akutha kusamba.

Kafukufuku wopindulitsa wa cholesterol ndi wofunikira pamaso pa zotsatirazi:

• magazi akulu triglycerides,
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• lembani I ndipo lembani matenda ashuga achiwiri a shuga, matenda oopsa,
• kunenepa kwambiri (mbali ya chiuno mwa akazi ndi yoposa 84 cm, ndipo mwa amuna - 94 cm),
• lipid kagayidwe kachakudya,
• IHD, atherosulinosis,
• matenda a chiwindi, impso,
• maphunziro owunika.

Ngati cholesterol yathunthu imakwezedwa, zimatanthawuza chiyani?

Kupatuka pamlingo wa cholesterol yathunthu kuchoka pachizolowezi chokweza kumatchedwa hypercholesterolemia. Itha kukhala tonse cholowa komanso kukhala nacho. Cholesterol yapamwamba imawerengedwa ngati zisonyezo zake zimaposa 6.2 mmol / l. Mulimonsemo, ngati chiwonjezero cha cholesterol chokwanira, ndikofunikira kuyendetsa mbiri ya lipid ndikuwona kuti ndi cholesterol iti yomwe idayambitsa kuchuluka kotere, chiopsezo chokhala ndi atherosulinosis ndi matenda ophatikizana pokhapokha ngati cholesterol yonse ikukwera ndendende chifukwa cha lipoprotein yotsika. kachulukidwe.

Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti pofuna kuwunika molondola kuopsa kokhala ndi matenda amtima, ndikofunikira kulingalira osati kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, komanso zinthu zina. Chifukwa chake, ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga, kunenepa kwambiri, kusuta fodya kapena mowa, zitha kukhala zowopsa kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa cholesterol mpaka 4 mmol / l.

Matenda ena omwe amatha kuyambitsa cholesterol yayikulu ndi monga:

• chithokomiro chachepa - hypothyroidism,
• cholestasis - njira yotupa mu ndulu yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha kusayenda kwa ndulu, mwachitsanzo chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa calculi kapena matenda a chiwindi.
• aakulu aimpso kulephera
• nephrotic syndrome komanso matenda opatsirana a impso,
• khansa ya kapamba
• chotupa chowopsa cha prostate.

Mlingo wa cholesterol wokwanira umakwera panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati ndipo amabwereranso ku nthawi zonse pambuyo pa mwezi umodzi ndi theka mpaka miyezi iwiri atabereka mwana.Kutopa kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso kumwa mankhwala ena, makamaka, corticosteroids, anabolics, komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amapanga mahomoni ogonana aamuna - androgen, angayambitse zotsatira zomwezo. Mpaka posachedwapa, anthu amakhulupirira kuti zakudya zokhala ndi cholesterol zambiri zimatha kuyambitsa mafuta ambiri a cholesterol. Koma zomwe zidasindikizidwa mu 2006, zotsatira za kafukufuku wapamwamba zomwe zili ndi umboni wokwanira zimatsimikizira kuti kudya mafuta amthupi chifukwa cha chakudya sikukhudzanso kuchuluka kwa thupi lanu.

Ngati cholesterol yathunthu ndi yotsika, amatanthauza chiyani?

Kutsitsa cholesterol yotsika magazi kumatchedwa hypocholesterolemia. Sipangakhale chizindikiro chowopsa kuposa cholesterol yokwanira. Tanena kale kuti cholesterol "yabwino" ndiyofunikira m'thupi. Zatsimikiziridwa kuti ndi cholesterol yotsika, chiopsezo cha khansa chimakulitsidwa kwambiri. Momwe kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yathunthu m'magazi kumachepera, zimatha kubweretsa mitundu yonse yamavuto amisala - kukwiya kosasinthika, dementia komanso ngakhale kudzipha. Ndipo ngakhale zomwe zimayambitsa kupezeka kwake sizikumveka bwino, lero mutha kutchula matenda ena omwe amatsogolera. Choyamba, izi ndi njira zilizonse zamagetsi zomwe zimachitika m'chiwindi - chifukwa ndi pano kuti kupanga mafuta a cholesterol kumachitika. Kachiwiri, izi ndi mitundu yamafuta onse omwe amadya mafuta osakwanira m'thupi. Kuphatikiza:

• chibadwire
• kuchuluka kwa chithokomiro - hyperthyroidism,
• matenda am'mimba thirakiti
• matenda am'mimba dongosolo
• zamasamba
• zopsinjika pafupipafupi
• poyizoni wazitsulo,
• sepsis
• malungo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mosafunikira kwa ma statins ndi mankhwala ena okhala ndi estrogen kapena erythromycin nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa cholesterol yonse.

Njira zodziwira cholesterol

Momwe mungawerengere phindu la cholesterol m'magazi? Kuti mudziwe cholesterol yathunthu m'magazi, ndikofunikira kuyerekeza momwe zimakhalira ndi zotsatira zomwe zapezeka. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuyezetsa magazi ambiri, moyenera, kuyezetsa wamagazi ambiri, komanso mbiri ya lipid ndi kufotokozera kwanu. Tiyeni tiwalingalire mwatsatanetsatane:

Kupenda kwazinthu zam'thupi. Mukamawunikira zamankhwala osokoneza bongo, mawonekedwe ophunzirawa akuwonetsa kufunikira kwa cholesterol yathunthu, HDL, LDL. Zimawonetsedwa mumagawo ngati mu mg / dl kapena mol / l. Zikhalidwe za gawo lililonse la zinthuzi zimasiyana malinga ndi gawo la jenda komanso zaka za wodwalayo.

Kuti muyeretse VESSELS, mupewe kuwononga magazi ndikuchotsa CHOLESTEROL, owerenga athu amagwiritsa ntchito chinthu chatsopano chomwe Elena Malysheva amalimbikitsa. Kuphatikizika kwa mankhwalawa kumaphatikizapo madzi a blueberry, maluwa a clover, chidwi cha adyo, mafuta amiyala, ndi msuzi wa adyo wamtchire.

Malingaliro ena adapangidwa omwe akuwonetsa mtundu womwe zotsatira zake ziyenera kukhalira, ndikupatuka mbali imodzi kumayesedwa chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa matenda mwa wodwala. Mulimonsemo, ngati kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kupitirira 5.2 mmol / l, kafukufuku wowonjezereka wotchedwa lipid mbiri uyenera kuchitika.

Lipidogram. Mbiri ya lipid imachitika m'njira yoyezetsa magazi mwatsatanetsatane kwa cholesterol. Imasankha kuchuluka kwa magazi a cholesterol yonse, magawo ake, triglycerides, komanso index ya atherogenic. Izi zofunikira pakuwunika zimathandiza kudziwa ngati pali chiopsezo cha matenda owopsa, makamaka atherosclerosis.

Pakuwunikaku, pali kugawanika kwa cholesterol mu alpha-cholesterol, yomwe siyikusungika m'thupi, ndi beta-cholesterol, yomwe imapangitsa kuti zinthu zizikundana. Mlingo wa alpha-cholesterol sayenera kupitirira mtengo wa 1.0 mmol / L, ndi kuchuluka kwa beta-cholesterol - 3.0 mmol / L.

Komanso pochita lipidograms, kuchuluka kwa alpha-cholesterol kwa beta-cholesterol kumaphunziridwa. Ngati chizindikirocho chili chochepera 3, ndiye kuti izi zikutanthauza kuti chiopsezo cha matenda akulu ndi chochepa. Pankhani ya chizindikiro choposa 5, pali kuthekera kwakukulu kwa matenda, kapena alipo kale m'thupi.

Kuwunikira mwachidule. Masiku ano ndizotheka kudziwa ngati kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yathunthu ndikokhazikika, kunyumba nokha. Kutalika kwa kusanthula ndi mphindi zochepa. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a nthawi imodzi. Maola 12 musanayambe phunziroli, simungathe kudya, kumwa mowa, kusuta, kumva nkhawa kwambiri.

Kuyeza kwa cholesterol mwa njira zachangu ndizoyenera kwa odwala omwe amamwa mankhwala ochepetsa lipid, chifukwa adapangidwira kuti awone momwe mankhwalawo amathandizira. Kudziyang'anitsitsa ndende ya cholesterol kuyenera kuchitika mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima, komanso omwe zaka zawo zimaposa zaka 60. zomwe zili ↑

Zowerengeka ndi zopatuka pazotsatira za kusanthula

Cholesterol ndiyofunikira m'thupi, komabe, ndizabwinobwino. Ndizoyenera kunena kuti zizindikirozi zimasiyana malinga ndi zaka komanso chikhalidwe cha munthu. Mlingo wa cholesterol yathunthu m'magazi imafotokozedwa m'magome (Gome 1, 2).

Gome 1 - Chowonjezera cha cholesterol yamagazi chonse mwa akazi.

Gome 1 - Mitundu ya cholesterol ya akazi

Gawo 2 - Mafuta a cholesterol athunthu a amuna.

Owerenga athu ambiri, OYENETSA ZINSINSI ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa CHOLESTEROL mthupi, akugwiritsa ntchito mwachangu njira yodziwika potengera mbewu ndi madzi a Amaranth, omwe apezeka ndi Elena Malysheva. Mpofunika kuti mudziwe bwino za njirayi.

Gawo 2 - Mitundu ya cholesterol ya amuna

Pali zochitika zina chifukwa chomwe zotsatira za mayeso zimatha kusintha kapena kutsika. Izi zikuyenera kukumbukiridwa mukamawunikira. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwazowopsa za cholesterol kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha:

• zaka wodwala
• kupezeka kwa zidakwa.
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• kunenepa kwambiri
• kunenepa
• matenda ashuga
• kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin
• mavuto
• kutenga okodzetsa
• kudya zakudya zamafuta kwambiri.

Kutsika kwa cholesterol kumatha kutha:

• Acetylsalicylic acid
• fibrate (Lopid, Lipanor),
• ma statins (Atorvastatin, Simvastatin),
• nikotini acid (Enduracin, Acipomox),
• Pyridoxine
• Otsatira a bile acids (cholestyramine, colestipol).

Komanso kudya chakudya, kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri. Komanso, kusintha kwa zotsatira zakumalo yaying'ono ndikotheka ndikutsukidwa kwa nthawi yayitali.

Zambiri zamatanthauzidwe olondola pazotsatira

Ngati phunzirolo likuwonetsa kupatuka panjira yokhazikika, muyenera kutsatira izi:

• ngati kupezeka kwa cholesterol yopitilira 5.1-6.5 mmol / l kupezeka, ndiye kuti kafukufuku wachiwiri ndiwofunikira pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri, komanso zakudya zapadera. Ndikofunikanso kuwunika momwe kudya kwa mankhwala ena ndi kupezeka kwa zovuta zothandizirana kungakhudze zotsatira zake,
• ngati njira zomwe zatsatidwa zikufanana, ndikofunikira kuyamba mankhwala a statin,
• Panthawi yopitilira mayeso, nkoletsedwa kusintha kwambiri moyo, kumangodya kadyedwe, kuyamba kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi,
• Ngati cholesterol yapamwamba yapezeka, ndikofunikira kuti muwunike magazi a shuga, kuyesa kwamkodzo wamba, creatinine kupatula kukhalapo kwa hypercholesterolemia yachiwiri,
• pankhani ya kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yoposa 6.5 mmol / l, kuphunzira koyamba kumafunikira kuyambitsidwa kwa mankhwala a statin, zakudya zapadera ndi mbiri ya lipid zimayeneranso,
• ngati zikuwonetsa kupitirira 8-9 mmol / l, lipoprotein electrophoresis ndiyovomerezeka. Izi ndizofunikira kuti musatenge mtundu wobadwa nawo wa dyslipidemia.

Mitengo yapamwamba

Hypercholesterolemia imatha kuyambitsa mapangidwe, zomwe zimayambitsa mitsempha yolumikizidwa. Mitengo yambiri imayambitsidwa ndi:

• matenda a chiwindi
• Kulephera kwa impso, glomerulonephritis,
• ululu woyipa wa Prostate,
• hypothyroidism
• gout
• Matenda a mtima wa Ischemic,
• mimba
• kumwa mowa
• zakudya zamafuta
• kugwiritsa ntchito androgens, cyclosporine, okodzetsa, ergocalciferol, glucocorticosteroids, Levodopa, Amiodarone.
• hypodynamia
• ochepa matenda oopsa
• onenepa kwambiri.

Cholesterol wotsika

Hypocholesterolemia ikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha:

• cachexia, njala,
• malabsorption syndrome,
• kuwotcha kwakukulu,
• matenda opatsirana
• hepatocyte necrosis,
• sepsis
• anemia yam'magazi,
• COPD
• thalassemia
• kudya kwa neomycin, colchicine, haloperidol.

Mlingo wa cholesterol wathunthu ukhoza kusinthidwa kumtunda kapena pansi, koma ichi si chiganizo, mwina pakhala kuphwanya ukadaulo wakonzekera kukonzanso.

Kuzindikira koyenera kumatha kupangidwa kokha ndi katswiri woyenera atayeza mozama komanso njira zonse zofunikira zodziwonera.

Njira zodziwira cholesterol

Kuti muwone chiyerekezo cha cholesterol chabwino ndi choyipa m'thupi, kafukufuku wa labotale amafunika. Kuyesedwa kwamwazi wamagazi kumachitika. Zimawonetsa phindu la cholesterol yathunthu, kuchuluka kwa LDL ndi HDL. Magawo ndi mg pa dl kapena mmol pa lita. Chikhalidwe chimakhala chifukwa cha zaka za munthu, jenda.

Muzochita zamankhwala, popanga mawu omaliza, amawongoleredwa ndi magome ena momwe maimidwe a amayi ndi abambo akufotokozedwera. Kupatuka kwazomwe zili mbali imodzi kapena imodzi kumawonetsa matenda. Mulimonsemo, ngati zinthu zili zopitilira 5.2 mmol pa lita, ndiye kuti kuwunika kowonjezera kumafunikira - mbiri ya lipid.

Lipidogram ndi kuphunzira kwathunthu komwe kumathandiza kudziwa kuchuluka kwa chizindikiritso, zigawo zake, triglycerides, ndi index ya atherogenic. Kutengera ndi coefficients a data iyi, ndizotheka kudziwa ngati pali chiwopsezo cha atherosulinosis kapena ayi.

Kuwunikako kumaphatikizapo kugawidwa kwa cholesterol yathunthu kukhala alpha-cholesterol (yabwinobwino mpaka 1 mmol / l) - chinthu chomwe sichinayikidwe m'thupi la munthu ndi beta-cholesterol (yachilendo mpaka 3 mmol / l) - gawo lomwe limathandizira kuti LDL isungidwe m'mitsempha yamagazi.

Komanso, lipid mbiri imathandizira kukhazikitsa muyeso wa zinthu ziwiri. Ngati chizindikirocho chili chochepera 3.0, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo cha matenda am'mtima sichidziwika. Mu mkhalidwe momwe parishi 4.16, mwayi wa matenda umakulira. Ngati mtengo wake uli pamwamba pa 5.0-5.7, ndiye kuti chiwopsezocho ndi chachikulu kapena matendawa alipo kale.

Tsopano mutha kugula mayeso apadera, omwe amagulitsidwa ku malo ogulitsa mankhwala. Kugwiritsa ntchito, kudziwa kuchuluka kwa thunthu kunyumba. Phunziro lotere ndilofunika makamaka kwa odwala matenda ashuga, chifukwa pafupifupi odwala onse kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoyipa m'magazi kumachuluka.

Maola 12 asanafike phunziroli simungathe:

Kudziyang'anira pawokha kumalimbikitsidwanso kwa anthu opitirira zaka 65 komanso kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima.

Kutanthauzira kwa kusanthula: zodziwika ndi zopatuka

Mtengo woyenera ndi wochepera 5.2. Ngati zizindikirozo zikuyambira pa 5.2 mpaka 6.2 mmol / l, ndiye ziwerengero zovomerezeka. Panthawi yomwe mayeso a labotale adawonetsa zotsatira za mayunitsi oposa 6.2 - awa ndiwokwera kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mfundo za 7.04, 7.13, 7.5 ndi 7.9 ziyenera kuchepetsedwa.

Kuti muchepetse mfundo zofunika, muyenera kubwerezanso zakudya. Tsatirani manambala 5, samalani kumwa, kusewera masewera. Popanda zotsatira, mankhwalawa amalembedwa - mankhwala omwe amachepetsa cholesterol yoyipa m'magazi.

Kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol yachikulire kumayambitsa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Uku ndikudwala matenda a shuga, zotupa zoyipa za prostate, mtima kulephera, zizolowezi zoyipa kudya, kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, matenda oopsa, zina zambiri.

Mulingo wa cholesterol "yoyipa" pagome:

Pakuwunikira kumawonetsa HDL kapena cholesterol yabwino yotere. Kwa akazi, mtengo wabwinobwino komanso wabwino umasiyana kuchokera pa 1.3 mpaka 1.6 mmol / l, kwa amuna - 1,0 mpaka 1.6 mayunitsi. Ndizoyipa ngati chizindikiro chamunthu chokhala chocheperachepera, komanso kwa amayi ochepera 1.3 mmol / l.

Mukamasulira zotsatira malinga ndi miyambo yolumikizidwa, sikuti amuna ndi akazi okha ndi omwe amawaganizira, komanso zinthu zina zomwe zingakhudze mtengo womaliza. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Nthawi ya chaka. Kutengera nyengo, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthu kumakhala mosiyanasiyana - kuchuluka kapena kuchepa. Zakhala zikutsimikiziridwa kuti nthawi yozizira (nthawi yozizira kapena kugwa koyambirira), zinthu za cholesterol zimawonjezeka ndi 2-5%. Kupatuka kwazomwe zimachitika panthawiyi ndi ochepa peresenti ndi gawo lakuthupi, osati matenda,
• Kuyamba kwa msambo. Amadziwika kuti mu gawo loyamba la kuzungulira, kupatuka kungakhale kupitirira khumi, komwe ndi mawonekedwe a thupi la mkazi. Pambuyo pake, kuwonjezeka kwa 5-9% kwapezeka. Izi ndichifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwa kaphatikizidwe kamapangidwe a lipid mothandizidwa ndi mahomoni ogonana,
• Panthawi yapakati, cholesterol imatha kuwirikiza, chomwe ndi chizolowezi panthawiyi. Ngati ndende ikuchulukirachulukira, ndiye kuti chithandizo chikufunika, kuyang'ana kwambiri momwe muliri.
• Pathology. Ngati wodwala akudwala angina pectoris, ochepa matenda oopsa, mtundu 1 shuga mellitus, matenda opumira kwambiri, ndiye kuti pali chiopsezo chochuluka cha cholesterol m'thupi,
• Ma tumor okhala ndi vuto lodetsa nkhawa amatsogolera kutsika kwakukulu kwa zomwe zili ndi lipid mowa. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa minofu ya pathological. Kukula kwake kumafunikira magawo ambiri, kuphatikizapo mowa wamafuta.

Kufupikitsika munthu, kumachepetsa cholesterol. Ndi zaka, malire ololeredwa amasunthika. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kwa mayi wazaka 25-30, muyezo wa LDL wafika mpaka magawo 4.25, ndiye kuti m'zaka 50-55 malire ndi 5.21 mmol / l.

Cholesterol ndi chinthu chomwe chimathandiza thupi kugwira ntchito. Kukula kwa matenda a LDL kumafuna kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kuti muchepetse cholesterol, makamaka matenda monga matenda a shuga, kulephera kwamtima, matenda a mtima.

Kodi cholesterol idzauza chiyani katswiri muvidiyoyi.

• Imakhazikika pamisempha ya shuga kwa nthawi yayitali
• Imabwezeretsa kapangidwe ka insulin

Chilichonse chomwe muyenera kudziwa za lipoproteins yapamwamba

Lipoproteins (kapena lipoproteins) ndi kuphatikiza kwa lipids (mafuta) ndi mapuloteni. Cholesterol ndi chinthu chofewa, chokhala ngati sera chomwe chimapezeka m'ziwalo zonse za thupi.

Sipangasungunuke yokha m'magazi, chifukwa chake, poyenda kudzera m'magazi, "onyamula" apadera amafunikira - lipoproteins.

Pali mitundu itatu ya lipoproteins, kusiyana pakati pa komwe kumakhala kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ku cholesterol.

• Ma lipoproteins apamwamba kwambiri (HDL) (kuchuluka kochulukitsa lipoproteins), kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni m'm lipoprotein oterewa ndi kwakukulu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ndikotsika kwambiri. Amadziwika kuti ndi cholesterol chabwino “chifukwa amachichotsa pamakoma am'mitsempha ndikuchotsa chiwindi. Kuchuluka kwa HDL poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa LDL, bwino kwa anthu, ma lipoprotein awa ndi mtundu wa chitetezo pamiyeso yambiri ya mtima, monga stroko, tachycardia, matenda osasintha a mtima, matenda amitsempha yama mtima,
• Lowensens lipoproteins (LDL) (otsika kachulukidwe lipoproteins) muli kwambiri woipa wa cholesterol poyerekeza mapuloteni, amatchedwa cholesterol "yoyipa". Kuchuluka kwa LDL m'mwazi kumawonjezera mwayi wamatenda aortic, stroke, ndi matenda amitsempha yamagazi. Amapangitsanso kupangidwa kwa cholesterol plaque khoma lamkati la mtsempha. Chiwerengerochi chikawonjezeka, voliyumu yowonjezera imachepetsa mitsempha ndipo imachepetsa kutuluka kwa magazi. Chifukwa chotumphukira cholembapo chotere, mapangidwe amwazi wamagazi (mapangidwe amwazi) amapangidwa, amenenso amachepetsa kuyenda kwa magazi. Kuphika kumeneku kumatha kudzetsa nthenda ya mtima kapena kulowerera m'mitsempha (ngati kuli m'modzi mwamitsempha yama coronary),
• Ma lipoproteins ochepa kwambiri (VLDL) ali ndi mapuloteni ocheperako kuposa LDL
• Triglycerides ndi mtundu wamafuta omwe thupi limagwiritsa ntchito ngati mphamvu. Kuphatikizidwa kwa kuchuluka kwa ma triglyceride kwambiri ndi otsika HDL kumatha kuyambitsanso kugunda kwa mtima kapena stroko. Mukamayang'ana kuchuluka kwa HDL ndi LDL, madokotala nthawi zambiri amawunika triglycerides.

Zambiri Zokhudza Lipoproteins ndi Cholesterol

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Zizindikiro zofananira

* Kutembenuza factor mg / dl kuti mmol * / L ndi 18.1.

Mwa amayi ndi abambo, misinkhu ndi yosiyana pang'ono (koma osati zochuluka):

Cholesterol woyipa

Miyezo yapamwamba ya cholesterol yoyesedwa m'magazi ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda a mtima (CVD) (Kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka mtima, matenda amitsempha). Kapangidwe kake kokhudzidwa ndi matenda onse ndi kofanana: mapangidwe (ma cell) mkati mwa mitsempha amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, potero amasokoneza zochitika za maselo ndi ziwalo.

Mafuta ochepetsa mphamvu ya cholesterol amachititsa zinthu monga:

Owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito bwino Aterol kutsitsa cholesterol. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

• Matenda a mtima a Atherosulinotic - angayambitse zizindikiro za angina pectoris pamene minofu yamtima singalandire mpweya wokwanira kuti ugwire bwino ntchito,
• Kuchepa kwa magazi kuubongo - kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mitsempha yaying'ono, komanso chifukwa zokulirapo (mwachitsanzo, mitsempha ya carotid) ndi yotsekedwa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kutsika kwakukulu kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi mu ubongo kapena kufupika kwa ischemic attack (TIA),
• Matenda amitsempha yamagazi. Panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, nthenda yotere imayambitsa kusokonezeka kwamiyendo, miyendo, chifukwa cha kupweteka kwambiri komwe kumachitika pambuyo pake, nthawi zina kulira,
• Mitsempha ina yam'mimba imatha kupangika chifukwa cha cholesterol clots, monga mesenteric artery or renal artery. Kusokonezeka kwamagazi m'mitsempha yamafupa kumabweretsa zovuta zazikulu (thrombosis, aneurysm, stenosis).

Ndiponso za cholesterol "yoyipa"

Zifukwa zopatuka

Miyezo ya HDL nthawi zambiri imakwezedwa chifukwa cha zoyambitsa ndi matenda monga:

• Matenda a shuga
• Myxedema
• Matenda a mtima
• Atherosulinosis,
• Matenda a chiwindi
• Mowa
• Impso kapena matenda a chiwindi
• Vuto laposachedwa,
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Ngati banja lidakhala ndi matenda a mtima.

Zina mwa zifukwa pamwambazi zimafunikira kuyezetsa magazi kwa cholesterol

Amuna akuwonetsedwa kuti awunikenso kuchokera zaka 35, azimayi azaka 40. Madokotala ena amalangiza kuyang'ana kukolera mafuta azaka 25. Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa cholesterol kumasonyezedwa kuti kumachitika zaka zisanu zilizonse. Uku ndi zitsanzo zamagazi wamba kuchokera m'mitsempha; kuwunika kumachitika m'mawa m'mimba yopanda kanthu. Palibe kukonzekera kwapadera komwe kumafunikira.

Kuwunikira pachiwopsezo

Kuchulukana kwambiri kwa lipoprotein kumathandizira kuyeretsa ndi kuchotsetsa cholesterol ndi zolembera za atherosselotic kuchokera kumitsempha, pomwe lipoproteins yotsika imakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi njira za atherosulinotic, chifukwa chake, kukwera kwa HDL, kumakhala kosavuta kwa thupi.

Nthawi zambiri, chiwopsezo cha CVD chimawerengeredwa ngati chiwopsezo cha ndende ya HDL kufikira ndende yonse ya cholesterol:

Zambiri za cholesterol yathunthu, HDL ndi LDL:

Kupatuka kuchoka pazomwe zimachitika

Pali kulumikizana kosiyana pakati pa milingo ya HDL ndi mwayi wokhala ndi matenda a mtima.

Kutengera ndi deta yochokera ku NICE (The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence), chiopsezo cha stroke chikukula ndi pafupifupi 25% pa kuchepa konse kwa 5 mg / dl ku HDL.

HDL imalimbikitsa kuyamwa kwa cholesterol kuchokera ku minofu (makamaka kuchokera ku makoma amitsempha) ndikubwerera kwake ku chiwindi, komwe imachotsedwa m'thupi. Njira imeneyi nthawi zambiri imatchedwa "kusintha kwa cholesterol." HDL imakhalanso ndi vuto lofanana la endothelium, imachepetsa kutupa, imateteza ku oxidation wa otsika kachulukidwe lipoproteins ndipo imathandizanso pakuyamba magazi.

• Kukumana kwakukulu kwa HDL (pamwambapa 60 mg / dL) kumatanthauza kuti chiopsezo chotenga matenda amtima wam'mimba amachepetsa (nthawi zambiri matenda amitsempha yamagazi amapezeka mwa azimayi opitirira zaka 50),
• Ngati Zizindikiro zonse zili zapamwamba (mulingo wa HDL ndi LDL), apolipoprotein-B iyenera kuyesedwa (amawunika chiopsezo chokhala ndi atherosclerosis) kuti mudziwe zomwe zimayambitsa,
• Mulingo wa HDL wochepera 40 mg / dl amawerengedwa kuti ndi wotsika kwambiri ndipo amawopseza matenda a mtima. Kuphatikiza apo, tanthauzo la kagayidwe kachakudya limaphatikizapo kugwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono kwa HDL monga imodzi mwazigawo zisanu.
• HDL pamtunda wa 20-40 mg / dl nthawi zambiri imalumikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa triglycerides, chiopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga mellitus (chifukwa cha kukana insulini). Mankhwala ena, monga beta blockers kapena anabolic steroids, amatha kutsitsa HDL.
• HDL yotsika kuposa 20 mg / dL (0.5 mmol / L) amatanthauza kuti pali zovuta zina mthupi. Nthawi zina kuphatikizika uku kumalumikizidwa ndi zinthu kwambiri za triglycerides. Otsika otsika oterewa amatha kuwonetsa kusintha kwamitundu, monga matenda a Tangier komanso matenda amaso a nsomba.

Kupewa

• Kusuta kumayesedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kusiya kusuta kwakanthawi kumakulitsa kuchuluka kwa HDL ndi 10%,
• Kuchita zolimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi kumatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa HDL. Aerobics, yoga ndi kusambira katatu pa sabata kwa mphindi 30 ndi njira yabwino yodzitetezera,
• Kunenepa nthawi zonse kumalumikizidwa ndi zotsika kwambiri za lipoprotein yapamwamba komanso kuchuluka kwa triglycerides. Pali ubale wosemphana pakati pa mulingo wa HDL ndi index ya thupi. Kutaya mapaundi owonjezera, monga lamulo, kumakulitsa kuchuluka kwa lipoprotein awa. Pa kilogalamu iliyonse 3 yatsika, milingo ya HDL imachuluka pafupifupi 1 mg / dL,
• Kugwirizana ndi zakudya komanso zakudya zoyenera. Magulu a HDL ndi LDL amatsika ngati mumadya mafuta ochepa,
• Kuphatikiza mafuta odzola mu chakudya chanu kumawonjezera milingo ya HDL, koma milingo ya lipoprotein yotsika iwonso imakwera. Poterepa, ziyenera kusinthidwa ndi mafuta a monounsaturated ndi polyunsaturated,
• Ndikofunika kuti muchepetse kudya zakudya zosavuta zamagetsi ngati triglycerides imakwezedwa (nthawi zambiri mumagona anthu onenepa kwambiri okhala ndi metabolic syndrome),
• Kudya mafuta okwanira ndikofunikira kutsika mpaka 25-30% ya zopatsa mphamvu zonse,
• Kuchepetsa kudya kwa mafuta ochuluka kufikira 7% (zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku)
• Kudya mafuta ochulukirapo kuyenera kuchepetsedwa mpaka 1%.

Kusintha kuchuluka kwa milingo yaopoprotein pamakina ambiri, muyenera kuphatikiza:

• Mafuta a azitona (komanso soya, coconut, raped),
• Mtedza (ma almond, ma cashews, mtedza, walnuts, ma pecans),
• Nsomba (mwachitsanzo nsomba), mafuta a nsomba, lobster ndi squid.

Zinthu zonsezi ndi magwero a omega-3s.

Chofunika: chakudya chosavuta (mbatata zamphesa, mikate yoyera) ziyenera kuwonjezedwa muzakudya.

Mutha kuphatikizanso m'zakudya:

• Oatmeal
• Oat chinangwa
• Zinthu Zonse Zampira.
• Miyezo ya HDL imatha kuwonjezeka ndi mankhwala ena, monga niacin, fibrate, ndipo, ochepera, ma statins:
  • Niacin. Niacin (Niaspan, Vitamini B3, Nicotinic Acid) ndiye mankhwala abwino kwambiri okonza milingo ya HDL. Iye alibe zotsutsana. Zofunika! Zakudya zowonjezera zakudya zamafuta ndi niacin, zopezeka popanda mankhwala a dokotala, sizingathandize kuchepetsa zovuta za triglyceride, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo popanda upangiri waluso kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi,
  • Fibates. Besalip, grofibrate, fenofibrate, tricor, lipantil, trilipix ikuwonjezera milingo ya HDL,
  • Madera Mtundu wa blocker, amachepetsa kupanga zinthu zomwe chiwindi chimapanga kuti apange cholesterol, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kuphatikizira kwazomwezo, komanso zimatulutsira kuchotserero chake kuchokera ku chiwindi. Ma Statins amatha kuyamwa cholesterol kuchokera ku malo osungika m'makoma amitsempha yamagazi. Awa kwambiri mankhwalawa m'mapiritsi kapena makapisozi: rosuvastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, lovastatin, ma statins a m'badwo watsopano: mtanda, roxer, rosucard. Zofunika! Ma Statin angayambitse mavuto ambiri, funsani chithandizo chanu chachipatala musanagwiritse ntchito.

Katswiri wodziwa bwino yekha ndi amene angakuthandizeni kusankha, ndikusankha kuti ndi mankhwala ati omwe angakonde.

Pazosankha zonse zomwe zaperekedwa, ma statins okha ndiwo adawonetsa kupewa mtima. Chithandizo cha Statin chitha kupindulitsa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

LDL cholesterol: ndi chiyani, zodziwika ndi zopatuka

LDL cholesterol imakwezedwa, zikutanthauza chiyani? Chizindikiro chowonjezera cha cholesterol mu kusanthula kwamachilengedwe kumawopsya kwambiri kuposa chotsikirako. Lingaliro ili limabwera chifukwa cha malingaliro oyipa a odwala ambiri a cholesterol. Koma ndichifukwa chiyani chinthuchi chimapangidwa m'magazi ndipo tanthauzo la kuchepetsa LDL limatanthauzanji? Kodi kupatika kwazomwe zimachitika pakadali pano ndizowopsa ku thanzi?

Kodi LDL ndi chiyani

Chidule chimayimilira lipoproteins yotsika. Cholesterol ndiyofunikira maselo amthupi kuti apange zakudya zoyenera komanso lipid metabolism.

Popanda izi, zimakhala zosatheka:

• kupanga mahomoni ena (makamaka mahomoni amchimuna ndi wamkazi),
• Kuyamwa kwa Vitamini D
• kugwira ntchito kwamanjenje,
• kaphatikizidwe ka ma asidi ena ofunikira pakugaya chakudya.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya zigawo za cholesterol: okwera (HDL) ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono, komwe kali ndi zotsutsana ndi kagayidwe ka cell.

LDL cholesterol (yokhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono) ndipulogalamu ya protein-lipoprotein yomwe imalimbikitsa kayendedwe ka cholesterol ku cell membrane.

Ma lipoproteins otsika kwambiri amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu chifukwa chakuti alibe pafupifupi protein-lipid, gawo lalikulu la cholesterol, lomwe limalola zovuta kuti zidutse mosavuta kudzera m'mitsempha ya mtima komanso kudzera mwa membrane wa cell.

Zikuwoneka kuti LDL ndiyothandiza kwambiri, imathandizira kuti maselo azigwira ntchito mozungulira komanso kayendedwe ka metabolic mthupi. Inde, ndiwothandiza, koma pokhapokha chizindikiro chake chamaumboni amwazi sichidutsa chizolowezi.

Ngozi yowonjezera yathanzi ndi moyo imachokera pakupatukana kwa ma atherosulinotic amana. Pamodzi ndi kutuluka kwa magazi, imayenda ndi thupi lonse ndipo imatha kupangitsa chotchinga chilichonse, kuchititsa ngozi ngati kugunda kwa mtima kapena sitiroko.

Zachilendo ndi zifukwa zopatuka kwa izo

Mlingo wa kusintha umasiyanasiyana ndi zaka.

Kwa ana, iye:

• anyamata: kuyambira azaka 5 mpaka 10 zakubadwa 1.63-3.34, komanso wazaka 10-15 zakubadwa 1.66-3.44,
• atsikana: kuyambira azaka 5 mpaka 10 zakubadwa 1.76-3.63, komanso azaka zapakati pa 10-15 azaka 1.76-3.52.

Muubwana, mawonekedwe azizindikiro azikhala, motere:

• 1.61-3.81 ya anyamata
• 1.53-4.12 kwa atsikana.

Ndi zaka, malingaliro a cholesterol azidzakula pang'onopang'ono. Zomwe zimasinthidwa zokhudzana ndi zaka mu chiwerengero chazomwe zimadziwika ndi mayeso a cholesterol poyesa magazi zimalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwokhudzana ndi zaka muyezo wa njira za metabolic. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri chimawonedwa m'magulu azaka za 60-70, kenako cholesterol chizindikiro chimatsika pang'ono.

Koma cholesterol yotsika kwambiri imatha kusintha osati kokha ndi zaka - kagayidwe kazinthu zina nthawi zina zimaphwanya zinthu za m'magazi, zimapangitsa kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa chigawo chimodzi cha zigawo za magazi muubwana komanso ngakhale ubwana.

Kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa cholesterol:

• Zakudya zopanda pake (pafupipafupi kupita kumalo achakudya mwachangu ndizomwe zimapangitsa kwambiri, chifukwa pafupifupi zakudya zonse zachangu zimakhala ndi LDL yambiri)
• kunenepa
• matenda a impso kapena chiwindi,
• kusasamala kwa mahomoni m'thupi chifukwa cha matendawa (matenda a shuga, matenda a chithokomiro),
• machitidwe a oncological mu ziwalo zina,
• uchidakwa (chifukwa chakuti anthu ambiri omwe amamwa mowa mwauchidakwa), ochepa mwa HDL omwe amangodya ndi chakudya chomwe chimasunga "cholesterol yoyipa")

• matenda omwe kukhudzidwa kwathunthu kwa mapuloteni ofunikira kwa kuphatikizika kwa HDL kumavulaza,
• okhazikika kuwonda zakudya kapena anorexia manthaosa.

Koma ngakhale kuyesedwa kwa magazi kunawonetsa kukweza LDL, simuyenera kudandaula ndikudandaula kuti m'malo mopereka mankhwala, adokotala amatumiza mayeso kuti akalandire. Chifukwa chiyani? Ndizotheka kuti zotsatira zomwe zapezedwa ndizochepa kwambiri kapena, kwambiri, ndipo sizikugwirizana ndi matenda a munthu.

Momwe mungachotsere kuthekera kwa cholakwika

Kafukufuku wamtunduwu sakhala wodalirika nthawi zonse, amatsatira zinthu zambiri:

• maonekedwe a thupi pakusungidwa kwa zinthu zowunikira ma labotale (ngati munthu anali ataimirira panthawi ya kusanthula, ndiye kuti pamakhala zotsatirapo zabwino),
• Mimba (LDL yowonjezera kwambiri imatha kuwonedwa kuyambira masiku oyamba kutenga pakati, ngakhale mkaziyo panthawiyo sakudziwa za momwe aliri),
• kusuta
• Kukonzekera bwino mayeso,
• kugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa mitundu yokazinga kapena zakudya zamafuta patsiku lamapeto la zoperekera zofufuzira,
• kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa

• kumwa mankhwala ena (okodzetsa, mahomoni, ndi zina),
• kupanikizika kwa nthawi yayitali
• zolimbitsa thupi
• zakudya zazitali zakuchepera.

Kuti mudziwe chifukwa chomwe chimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yotsika kwambiri, ndizofunikira nthawi zonse kudziwa momwe wodwalayo adakonzekerera kuti ayesere mayesowo, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito, ngakhale atakhala kuti ali ndi kuchuluka kwa psychophysical usiku woti atha kutenga zofufuza zamankhwala.

Momwe mungapewere zotsatira zachinyengo

Kuti mupewe nkhawa zosafunikira zomwe zimayenderana ndi kuti mayeso asanamalize, wodwalayo sanakonzekere molondola ndipo kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa ma laboratory kukuwonetsa matenda omwe kulibe, ndikofunikira:

• musadye pasanathe maola 12-14 mayeso asanachitike,
• kwa masabata awiri, musatenge zakudya zonunkhira, zamchere, zamafuta ndi zovuta pamenyu,

• Pafupifupi sabata isanachitike mayeso, pewani kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi,
• Osasuta patsiku lomwe biomaterial yatumizidwa kuti iunikidwe.

Ngati pali matenda oyipa komanso osachiritsika kapena pakufunika nthawi yayitali kuti amwe mankhwala, ndiye kuti izi ziyeneranso kuuzidwa kwa adotolo asanatumizidwe kukayesedwa.

Koma thupi la munthu si chinthu chapadera, zinthu zambiri zakunja zimagwira, ndipo mothandizidwa ndi zifukwa zakunja, homeostasis imatha kusintha kusintha kwazinthu zingapo. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zodalirika, ndikofunikira kupatula zifukwa zakunja ngati kuli kotheka.

Kuopsa kowonjezereka

LDL imakwezedwa, ndiye kuti izi zikutanthauza chiyani?

Tsoka ilo, lipid metabolism nthawi zonse imakhala yowopsa kwa thupi, cholesterol yayikulu yotsika ikuwonetsa chiopsezo cha zovuta zamagazi ndi mtima:

1. Kupezeka kwa ma atherosselotic malo. Chophwanya chachikulu chidzakhala m'magazi ndi ziwalo komanso chitukuko cha minofu ischemia. Njira za Ischemic, ngati zingapitirizebe kwanthawi yayitali, zimatsogolera pakukula kwa dystrophy ndi kulephera kwa thupi kuchita ntchito zake mokwanira.
2. Kutanuka kwa khoma la mtima kumachepa. Kuchepetsa zotanuka nthawi zonse kumayambitsa chitukuko cha matenda oopsa. Ndi nthawi yayitali ya matendawa, aortic aneurysm kapena matenda a varicose amatha.
3. Chiwopsezo cha thrombosis. Ma depherits a atherosulinotic amateteza magazi athunthu ndipo amathandizira kuti magazi azisungidwa m'malo omwe magazi amayenderera. Supombi, ikukula, kuletsa lumen ya chombo, ikalekanitsidwa, imatha kupweteka mtima komanso kugunda.

Mlingo wambiri wa LDL cholesterol umafunika kuti thupi lonse lizigwira ntchito.

Koma kuchulukitsidwa kwake, ngati kumatsimikiziridwa ndi deta yoyesa magazi, kuyenera kuthandizidwa mwachangu kuti tipewe zovuta zoopsa kuumoyo ndi moyo.