E10 - Matenda a shuga a E14

Matenda a shuga ndi gulu la matenda a metabolic momwe mumakhala glycemia wambiri kwa nthawi yayitali.

Mwa zina mwa mawonetsedwe azachipatala omwe amakhala ndi kukokoloka pafupipafupi, kukonzekera kwambiri, khungu loyenda, ludzu, purifiyamu yotupa.

Matenda a shuga ndi omwe amayambitsa zovuta zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa kulumala koyambirira. Mwa zina pachimake, ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar ndi hypoglycemic coma ndizodziwika. Matenda okhudzana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a mtima, zotupa za zida, impso, mitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha ya m'munsi.

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka ndi mitundu yambiri yamankhwala, zinakhala zofunika kupatsa nambala ya ICD ku matenda ashuga. Pa kukonzanso kwa 10, ili ndi code E10 - E14.

Matenda a shuga osatchulidwa malinga ndi ICD 10 (kuphatikiza kumene)

Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti munthu amalowa kuchipatala ndi shuga wambiri wamatumbo kapena ngakhale m'mavuto ovuta (ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, hyperosmolar coma, acute coronary syndrome.

Pankhaniyi, sizotheka nthawi zonse kusankhira anamnesis ndikupeza matendawo.

Kodi uku ndikuwonetsa mtundu 1 kapena mtundu 2 walowa gawo lodalira insulini (kuperewera kwathunthu kwamafuta)? Funso nthawi zambiri silimayankhidwa.

Pankhaniyi, matenda otsatirawa atha kupangidwa:

• matenda a shuga, E14 osatchulidwa,
• shuga yodziwika yosavomerezeka ndi chikomokere E14.0,
• matenda osakhazikika a shuga ndi kusokonezeka kwapadera kwa E14.5.

Insulin yodziyimira payokha

Matenda a shuga amawopa mankhwalawa, ngati moto!

Ndikofunikira kutsatira.

Kenako tinkakhulupirira kuti maziko a matendawa ndi kulekerera kwa maselo ku glucose, pomwe insulin ya insulin imaperekedwa mopitirira.

Poyamba, izi ndi zowona, glycemia imayankha bwino ndi mankhwala ochepetsa shuga a pakamwa.

Koma patapita kanthawi (miyezi kapena zaka), kuperewera kwa ntchito ya pancreatic endocrine kumayamba, motero, shuga imadalira insulin (anthu amakakamizika kusinthira ku "jabs", kuwonjezera pamapiritsi).

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi vuto lotere amakhala ndi mawonekedwe (chizolowezi), awa ndianthu onenepa kwambiri.

Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi komanso kuperewera kwa m'thupi

Mu 1985, WHO inaphatikizanso mtundu wina wa kuperewera kwa zakudya m'gulu la anthu odwala matenda ashuga.

Matendawa amafalitsidwa makamaka m'maiko otentha, ana ndi akulu omwe akuvutika. Zimakhazikitsidwa ndi kuperewera kwa mapuloteni, komwe ndikofunikira pakapangidwe ka molekyulu ya insulin.

M'madera ena, omwe amadziwika kuti amapezeka pancreatogenic amapezeka - kapamba amakhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chitsulo, komwe kumalowa mthupi ndi madzi akumwa akumwa. Malinga ndi ICD-10, mtunduwu wa shuga umalembedwa ngati E12.

Kusiyana pakati pa akulu ndi ana

Ana amadwala kwambiri matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba kapena mtundu wololedwa.

Matendawa nthawi zambiri amayamba msukulu wazaka zam'mbuyo komanso amawonetsa ketoacidosis.

Njira ya pathological yosasamala bwino, sizotheka nthawi zonse kusankha njira yoyenera ya insulin.

Izi ndichifukwa chakukula msanga kwa mwana komanso kuchuluka kwa njira zamapulasitiki (kaphatikizidwe wa mapuloteni). Kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a kukula ndi corticosteroids (mahomoni olimbana ndi mahomoni) kumapangitsa kuti matenda ashuga kangapo.

Endocrine matenda

Kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zilizonse za endocrine kungakhudze kagayidwe ka shuga ndi insulin.

Kukwanira kwa adrenal kumakhudza njira za gluconeogeneis, zochitika pafupipafupi za hypoglycemic zimawonedwa.

The chithokomiro England amawongolera oyambira insulin, chifukwa zimakhudza njira kukula ndi mphamvu kagayidwe.

Kulephera mu hypothalamic-pituitary system nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kuwongolera ziwalo zonse za endocrine system.

Endocrine pathology ndi mndandanda wazidziwitso zovuta zomwe zimafuna luso lalikulu kuchokera kwa dokotala. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri umasokonezedwa ndi matenda a shuga a LADA.

Matendawa amawonekera atakula ndipo amadziwika ndi chiwonongeko cha autoimmune cha kapamba.

Ili ndi njira yabwino, ndikamalandira chithandizo chosayenera (mankhwala a hypoglycemic mankhwala), imalowa msanga.

Matenda a shuga a Phosphate ndi matenda makamaka aubwana omwe samgwirizana kwenikweni ndi kagayidwe ka glucose. Pankhaniyi, phosphorous-calcium metabolism imasokonekera.

Mndandanda wamakalasi

• Class I. A00 - B99. Matenda ena opatsirana komanso parasitic

Palibe: matenda a autoimmune (systemic) NOS (M35.9)

Matenda a Kachilombo ka Matenda a Kachilombo ka HIV kaanthu (B20 - B24)
kusabadwa kwa obadwa nako (kusokonezeka), zoperewera ndi zovuta za chromosomal (Q00 - Q99)
neoplasms (C00 - D48)
mavuto a pakati, kubereka ndi puerperium (O00 - O99)
machitidwe amodzi omwe amapezeka mu nthawi ya perinatal (P00 - P96)
Zizindikiro, zizindikiro ndi zodwala zomwe zimadziwika mu maphunziro azachipatala ndi a labotale, osatchulidwa kwina (R00 - R99)
kuvulala, poyizoni ndi zina mwatsatanetsatane wa kuyambitsa zifukwa zakunja (S00 - T98)
endocrine, zakudya komanso metabolic matenda (E00 - E90).

Zindikirani Ma neoplasms onse (onse ogwira ntchito komanso osagwira ntchito) amaphatikizidwa mu kalasi II. Nambala zofananira mkalasi lino (mwachitsanzo, E05.8, E07.0, E16-E31, E34.-), ngati zingafunike, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati manambala owonjezera kuti azindikire ma neoplasms omwe amagwira ntchito komanso ma ectopic endocrine minofu, komanso kuthana ndi minyewa komanso mafupa a endocrine. ogwirizana ndi neoplasms ndi zovuta zina zomwe zimatchulidwa kwina.

Kupatula:
mikhalidwe yomwe imachitika mu nthawi ya perinatal (P00 - P96),
matenda opatsirana komanso a parasitic (A00 - B99),
zovuta zamimba, kubereka ndi puerperium (O00 - O99),
kusabadwa kobadwa nako, kupunduka ndi kukomoka kwa chromosomal (Q00 - Q99),
matenda a endocrine, mavuto azakudya ndi zovuta zama metabolic (E00 - E90),
kuvulala, poyizoni ndi zina mwatsatanetsatane wa kuyambitsa zifukwa zakunja (S00 - T98),
neoplasms (C00 - D48),
Zizindikiro, zizindikiro ndi zodwala zomwe zimadziwika mu maphunziro azachipatala ndi a labotale, osatchulidwa kwina (R00 - R99).

Mutu IX Matenda am'magazi (I00-I99)

Kupatula:
endocrine, zakudya komanso kagayidwe kachakudya matenda (E00-E90)
kusabadwa kobadwa nako, kukomoka ndi zopweteka za chromosomal (Q00-Q99)
matenda opatsirana komanso a parasitic (A00-B99)
neoplasms (C00-D48)
mavuto a pakati, kubereka ndi puerperium (O00-O99)
machitidwe amodzi omwe amapezeka mu nthawi ya perinatal (P00-P96)
Zizindikiro, zizindikiro ndi zodwala zomwe zimadziwika mu maphunziro azachipatala ndi a labotale, osatchulidwa kwina (R00-R99)
matenda a minofu yolumikizana ndi minofu (M30-M36)
kuvulala, poyizoni ndi zina mwatsatanetsatane wa kuyambitsa zifukwa zakunja (S00-T98)
matenda osakhalitsa a chithokomiro ndi zina zofananira (G45.-)

Mutuwu uli ndi ma block awa:
I00-I02 pachimake fever
I05-I09 Matenda amtima wamitsempha
I10-I15 Matenda oopsa oopsa
I20-I25 Ischemic matenda amtima
I26-I28 Pulmonary matenda a mtima ndi matenda a m'mapapo
I30-I52 Mitundu ina yamatenda a mtima
Matenda a I60-I69
I70-I79 Matenda am'mitsempha, ma arterioles ndi capillaries
I80-I89 Matenda a mitsempha, ziwiya za m'mimba komanso zamitsempha, osatchulidwa kwina
I95-I99 Mavuto ena komanso osadziwika a dongosolo lamagazi

Makanema okhudzana nawo

• Amachotsa zoyambitsa zovuta
• Imachepetsa kupanikizika mkati mwa mphindi 10 pambuyo pa kutsata

Kodi matenda ashuga ndi otani: magawo ndi ma code malinga ndi ICD-10

Matenda a shuga ndi gulu la matenda a metabolic momwe mumakhala glycemia wambiri kwa nthawi yayitali.

Mwa zina mwa mawonetsedwe azachipatala omwe amakhala ndi kukokoloka pafupipafupi, kukonzekera kwambiri, khungu loyenda, ludzu, purifiyamu yotupa.

Matenda a shuga ndi omwe amayambitsa zovuta zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa kulumala koyambirira. Mwa zina pachimake, ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar ndi hypoglycemic coma ndizodziwika. Matenda okhudzana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a mtima, zotupa za zida, impso, mitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha ya m'munsi.

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka ndi mitundu yambiri yamankhwala, zinakhala zofunika kupatsa nambala ya ICD ku matenda ashuga. Pa kukonzanso kwa 10, ili ndi code E10 - E14.

Gulu 1 ndi 2 mtundu wa matenda

Mitundu itatu yodziwika bwino yamatenda.

Matenda a shuga osatchulidwa malinga ndi ICD 10 (kuphatikiza kumene)

Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti munthu amalowa kuchipatala ndi shuga wambiri wamatumbo kapena ngakhale m'mavuto ovuta (ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, hyperosmolar coma, acute coronary syndrome.

Pankhaniyi, sizotheka nthawi zonse kusankhira anamnesis ndikupeza matendawo.

Kodi uku ndikuwonetsa mtundu 1 kapena mtundu 2 walowa gawo lodalira insulini (kuperewera kwathunthu kwamafuta)? Funso nthawi zambiri silimayankhidwa.

Pankhaniyi, matenda otsatirawa atha kupangidwa:

• matenda a shuga, E14 osatchulidwa,
• shuga yodziwika yosavomerezeka ndi chikomokere E14.0,
• matenda osakhazikika a shuga ndi kusokonezeka kwapadera kwa E14.5.

Wodalira insulin

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga umakhala pafupifupi 5 mpaka 10% ya matenda onse a shuga. Asayansi akuyerekeza kuti ana 80,000 padziko lonse lapansi amakhudzidwa chaka chilichonse.

Zifukwa zomwe kapamba amayimira kupanga insulin:

Insulin yodziyimira payokha

Matenda a shuga amawopa mankhwalawa, ngati moto!

Ndikofunikira kutsatira.

Kenako tinkakhulupirira kuti maziko a matendawa ndi kulekerera kwa maselo ku glucose, pomwe insulin ya insulin imaperekedwa mopitirira.

Poyamba, izi ndi zowona, glycemia imayankha bwino ndi mankhwala ochepetsa shuga a pakamwa.

Koma patapita kanthawi (miyezi kapena zaka), kuperewera kwa ntchito ya pancreatic endocrine kumayamba, motero, shuga imadalira insulin (anthu amakakamizika kusinthira ku "jabs", kuwonjezera pamapiritsi).

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi vuto lotere amakhala ndi mawonekedwe (chizolowezi), awa ndianthu onenepa kwambiri.

Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi komanso kuperewera kwa m'thupi

Mu 1985, WHO inaphatikizanso mtundu wina wa kuperewera kwa zakudya m'gulu la anthu odwala matenda ashuga.

Matendawa amafalitsidwa makamaka m'maiko otentha, ana ndi akulu omwe akuvutika. Zimakhazikitsidwa ndi kuperewera kwa mapuloteni, komwe ndikofunikira pakapangidwe ka molekyulu ya insulin.

M'madera ena, omwe amadziwika kuti amapezeka pancreatogenic amapezeka - kapamba amakhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chitsulo, komwe kumalowa mthupi ndi madzi akumwa akumwa. Malinga ndi ICD-10, mtunduwu wa shuga umalembedwa ngati E12.

Mitundu ina yamatendawa kapena osakanizidwa

Pali ma subtypes ambiri amisala a glucose, ena ndi osowa kwambiri.

Mtundu wopanda matenda

Kusiyana pakati pa akulu ndi ana

Ana amadwala kwambiri matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba kapena mtundu wololedwa.

Matendawa nthawi zambiri amayamba msukulu wazaka zam'mbuyo komanso amawonetsa ketoacidosis.

Njira ya pathological yosasamala bwino, sizotheka nthawi zonse kusankha njira yoyenera ya insulin.

Izi ndichifukwa chakukula msanga kwa mwana komanso kuchuluka kwa njira zamapulasitiki (kaphatikizidwe wa mapuloteni). Kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a kukula ndi corticosteroids (mahomoni olimbana ndi mahomoni) kumapangitsa kuti matenda ashuga kangapo.

Endocrine matenda

Kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zilizonse za endocrine kungakhudze kagayidwe ka shuga ndi insulin.

Kukwanira kwa adrenal kumakhudza njira za gluconeogeneis, zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi kwambiri.

The chithokomiro England amawongolera oyambira insulin, chifukwa zimakhudza njira kukula ndi mphamvu kagayidwe.

Kulephera mu hypothalamic-pituitary system nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kuwongolera ziwalo zonse za endocrine system.

Endocrine pathology ndi mndandanda wazidziwitso zovuta zomwe zimafuna luso lalikulu kuchokera kwa dokotala. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri umasokonezedwa ndi matenda a shuga a LADA.

Matendawa amawonekera atakula ndipo amadziwika ndi chiwonongeko cha autoimmune cha kapamba.

Ili ndi njira yabwino, ndikamalandira chithandizo chosayenera (mankhwala a hypoglycemic mankhwala), imalowa msanga.

Matenda a shuga a Phosphate ndi matenda makamaka aubwana omwe samgwirizana kwenikweni ndi kagayidwe ka glucose. Pankhaniyi, phosphorous-calcium metabolism imasokonekera.

Makanema okhudzana nawo

• Amachotsa zoyambitsa zovuta
• Imachepetsa kupanikizika mkati mwa mphindi 10 pambuyo pa kutsata

Nambala yachiwiri ya matenda ashuga a mcb-10

Kupanga mndandandandawu, anthu adafunafuna kuti azitha kupeza zidziwitso zonse zokhudzana ndi njira zingapo za malo amodzi m'malo amodzi kuti agwiritse ntchito manambala awa kuti apewe kusanthula mosavuta ndikuchiza matenda. Kunena za Russia, m'gawo lake bukuli lakhala likugwira ntchito nthawi zonse ndipo kuwunikanso kwa ICD 10 (komwe kukugwira ntchito) kuvomerezedwa ndi Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku Russia Federation mu 1999.

Gulu la matenda ashuga

Malinga ndi ICD 10, mtundu wa matenda ashuga a mtundu wa 1-2, komanso mawonekedwe ake osakhalitsa mwa amayi apakati (gestational kishuga), ali ndi malamulo ake (E10-14) ndi mafotokozedwe ake. Mitundu yodalira insulin (mtundu 1), ili ndi gulu:

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga a mellitus (osadalira insulini) ali ndi njira yake komanso mafotokozedwe ake malinga ndi ICD 10:

Kuphatikiza pofotokozera za matenda ashuga, ICD imawonetsa zizindikiro zoyambirira komanso zachiwiri ndipo zotsatirazi zitha kusiyanitsidwa ndi zizindikiro zazikulu:

• Kuyamwa mwachangu
• Nthawi zonse kumakhala ludzu
• Njala yosathetseka.

Ponena za zizindikiro zosafunikira, ndimasinthidwe osiyanasiyana amthupi omwe amachitika chifukwa cha njira yomwe idayambitsidwa.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti nambala za SD zomwe zidaperekedwa malinga ndi ICD 10:

Matenda a shuga

Matenda a shuga a matenda ashuga ndiwofala kwambiri m'matenda a shuga oopsa ndipo malinga ndi ICD 10 ili ndi ma E10.5 ndi E11.5.

Zimaphatikizidwa ndi kuphwanya magazi m'magawo otsika. Chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa ndi kupukusira kwa chotengera cham'miyendo, kenako ndikusintha ndikupita pachilonda cham'mimba, kenako mpaka kuzilala.

Mtundu I shuga

onani pamitu iyi

Kuphatikizidwa: shuga (shuga):

• labala
• kuyambira ali aang'ono
• ndi chizolowezi cha ketosis

Kupatula:

• matenda ashuga:
  • kuperewera kwa vuto la kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi (E12.-)
  • zatsopano (P70.2)
  • pa nthawi yoyembekezera, nthawi yobereka komanso puerperium (O24.-)
• glycosuria:
  • BDU (R81)
  • aimpso (E74.8)
• kulolerana kwa glucose (R73.0)
• postoperative hypoinsulinemia (E89.1)

Matenda a shuga a II

onani pamitu ing'onoing'ono

Kuphatikizidwa:

• matenda ashuga (shuga) (osanenepa) (onenepa):
  • ndi kuyamba kumakula
  • ndi kuyamba kumakula
  • popanda chizolowezi ketosis
  • khola
• osagwirizana ndi insulin wodwala mellitus

Kupatula:

• matenda ashuga:
  • kuperewera kwa vuto la kuperewera kwa chakudya (E12.-)
  • mu makanda (P70.2)
  • pa nthawi yobereka, nthawi yobereka komanso puerperium (O24.—)
• glycosuria:
  • BDU (R81)
  • aimpso (E74.8)
• kulolerana kwa glucose (R73.0)
• postoperative hypoinsulinemia (E89.1)

Matenda A shuga

onani pamitu ing'onoing'ono

Kuphatikizidwa: shuga yokhudzana ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi:

• lembani Ine
• mtundu II

Kupatula:

• shuga mellitus pa nthawi yoyembekezera, nthawi yobereka komanso ku puerperium (O24.—)
• glycosuria:
  • BDU (R81)
  • aimpso (E74.8)
• kulolerana kwa glucose (R73.0)
• matenda a shuga a mwana wakhanda (P70.2)
• postoperative hypoinsulinemia (E89.1)

Mitundu ina yodziwika bwino ya matenda ashuga

onani pamitu ing'onoing'ono

Kupatula:

• matenda ashuga:
  • kuperewera kwa vuto la kuperewera kwa chakudya (E12.-)
  • neonatal (P70.2)
  • pa nthawi yobereka, nthawi yobereka komanso puerperium (O24.—)
  • lembani I (E10.-)
  • lembani II (E11.-)
• glycosuria:
  • BDU (R81)
  • aimpso (E74.8)
• kulolerana kwa glucose (R73.0)
• postoperative hypoinsulinemia (E89.1)

Matenda a shuga osadziwika

onani pamitu ing'onoing'ono

Kuphatikizidwa: shuga NOS

Kupatula:

• matenda ashuga:
  • kuperewera kwa vuto la kuperewera kwa chakudya (E12.-)
  • zatsopano (P70.2)
  • pa nthawi yobereka, nthawi yobereka komanso puerperium (O24.—)
  • lembani I (E10.-)
  • lembani II (E11.-)
• glycosuria:
  • BDU (R81)
  • aimpso (E74.8)
• kulolerana kwa glucose (R73.0)
• postoperative hypoinsulinemia (E89.1)

Gulu 1 ndi 2 mtundu wa matenda

Matenda a shuga amatha kukhala chifukwa chosakwanira kwenikweni kwa ntchito ya kapamba ya kapamba (mtundu 1) kapenanso kufooketsa minofu ku insulin (mtundu 2). Mitundu yocheperako komanso yaposachedwa ya matendawa imasiyanitsidwa, zomwe zimayambitsa kuti mwazovuta zambiri sizinakhazikike.

Mitundu itatu yodziwika bwino yamatenda.

• mtundu 1 shuga. Kapamba samatulutsa insulin yokwanira. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa achinyamata kapena odalira insulini, chifukwa umayamba kupezeka wakhanda ndipo umafunikira chithandizo chokwanira chokhala ndi mahomoni. Kuzindikira kumachitika chifukwa cha imodzi mwanjira zotsatirazi: shuga wamagazi othamanga amapitilira 7.0 mmol / l (126 mg / dl), glycemia patatha maola 2 kuchokera kuti katundu wa carbohydrate ndi 11.1 mmol / l (200 mg / dl), glycated hemoglobin (A1C) wamkulu kapena kufanana 48 mmol / mol (≥ 6.5 DCCT%). Chitsimikizo chotsirizachi chinavomerezedwa mu 2010. ICD-10 ili ndi nambala ya nambala E10, database ya ma genetic matenda a EMIM imatulutsa matenda omwe amapezeka pansi pa code 222100,
• mtundu 2 shuga. Imayamba ndikuwonetsedwa kwa insulin kukana, mkhalidwe womwe maselo amalephera kuyankha mokwanira pazizindikiro zochititsa manyazi ndikudya shuga. Matendawa akamakula, amatha kukhala osokoneza bongo. Zimawonekera makamaka mu ukalamba kapena ukalamba. Ili ndi ubale wotsimikizika ndi kunenepa kwambiri, matenda oopsa komanso cholowa. Imachepetsa chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo zaka pafupifupi 10, ili ndi zilema zambiri. ICD-10 yasungidwa pansi pa code E11, maziko a OMIM adalemba nambala ya 125853,
• matenda ashuga. Mtundu wachitatu wa matendawa umayamba mwa amayi apakati. Imakhala ndi njira yodziwika bwino, imadutsa kwathunthu pambuyo pobereka. Malinga ndi ICD-10, imasungidwa pansi pa code ya O24.

Wodalira insulin

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga umakhala pafupifupi 5 mpaka 10% ya matenda onse a shuga. Asayansi akuyerekeza kuti ana 80,000 padziko lonse lapansi amakhudzidwa chaka chilichonse.

Zifukwa zomwe kapamba amayimira kupanga insulin:

• cholowa. Chiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga kwa mwana yemwe makolo ake amadwala matendawa kuyambira 5 mpaka 8%. Mitundu yoposa 50 imalumikizidwa ndi matenda amtunduwu. Kutengera ndi locus, atha kukhala otsogola, ozungulira kapena apakati,
• chilengedwe. Gawoli limaphatikizapo malo okhalamo, zodetsa nkhawa, chilengedwe. Zatsimikizika kuti okhala ku megalopolises omwe amakhala maola ambiri mu maofesi amakhudzidwa ndimatenda amisala ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto la shuga kuposa omwe ali kumidzi.
• othandizira mankhwala ndi mankhwala. Mankhwala ena amatha kuwononga zilumba za Langerhans (pali ma cell omwe amapanga insulin). Awa ndi mankhwala makamaka ochizira khansa.

Mitundu ina yamatendawa kapena osakanizidwa

Pali ma subtypes ambiri amisala a glucose, ena ndi osowa kwambiri.

• Matenda A shuga. Gululi limaphatikizapo mitundu ingapo yofananira yamatenda omwe amakhudza achinyamata, ali ndi njira yofatsa komanso yabwino. Asayansi apeza kuti chomwe chimayambitsa ndikusagwira ntchito mu ma genetic a beta cell a kapamba, omwe amayamba kupanga insulini yaying'ono (pomwe palibe kusowa kwathunthu kwa mahomoni),
• matenda ashuga. Amakula pa nthawi ya pakati, amachotsedwa kwathunthu atabereka mwana,
• matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amayambitsa matenda osokoneza bongo. Kuzindikira kumeneku kumapangidwa makamaka ngati kusiyanasiyana pomwe sizingatheke kukhazikitsa chifukwa chodalirika. Zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri ndizo diuretics, cytostatics, maantibayotiki ena,
• matenda oyambitsa matenda a shuga. Vuto lowononga la kachilomboka, lomwe limayambitsa kutupa kwa ma parotid, gonads ndi kapamba (mumps), zatsimikiziridwa.