Magazi a shuga m'magazi a shuga: chikuyenera kukhala chiyani?

Ntchito ya ziwalo ndi machitidwe mu thupi la munthu ndizotheka pokhapokha pazochitika zina zamkati. Zizindikiro zimasungidwa kudzera pakudziwongolera nokha.

Udindo wa njira yolumikizira kubweretsa kuchuluka kwa glucose pamlingo wabwinobwino umaseweredwa ndi kukonzekera kwa insulin kapena mapiritsi omwe amachepetsa shuga. Kuti mupewe zovuta chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa shuga m'magazi, ndikofunikira kukwaniritsa zigoli za glycemic.

Glucose metabolism ndi zovuta zake mu shuga

Mthupi, shuga amawonekera kuchokera kuzakudya, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa masitolo a glycogen m'chiwindi ndi minofu minofu, ndipo amapangidwanso nthawi ya gluconeogeneis kuchokera ku amino acid, lactate ndi glycerol. Chakudyacho chili ndi mitundu ingapo ya michere yambiri - shuga, sucrose (disaccharide) ndi wowuma (polysaccharide).

Mashuga ovuta amaphwanyidwa mchikakamizo cha ma enzymes m'mimba am'mimba kuti akhale osavuta ndipo, monga glucose, amalowa m'magazi kuchokera m'matumbo. Kuphatikiza pa shuga, fructose amalowa m'magazi, omwe mu minyewa ya chiwindi amasinthidwa kukhala glucose.

Chifukwa chake, shuga ndi chakudya chachikulu m'thupi la munthu, chifukwa chimagwira ntchito monga wothandizira chilengedwe chonse. Kwa maselo aubongo, ndiye glucose okha omwe amatha kugwira ntchito ngati michere.

Glucose yemwe amalowa m'magazi amayenera kulowa mu cell kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pakupanga mphamvu za metabolic. Chifukwa cha izi, shuga atalowa m'magazi kuchokera ku kapamba, insulin imatuluka. Ndiwo mahomoni okhawo omwe amatha kupatsa glucose ku maselo a chiwindi, minofu ndi minyewa ya adipose.

Kuchuluka kwa glucose, komwe sikofunikira mthupi nthawi imeneyi, kumatha kusungidwa mu chiwindi monga glycogen. Kenako, shuga wambiri akatsika, amawonongeka, motero amachulukitsa zomwe zili m'magazi. Zimathandizira kutsika kwa shuga ndi insulin.

1. Pancreatic hormone (ma alpha cell) - glucagon. Imathandizira kutsika kwa glycogen ku mamolekyulu a glucose.
2. Glucocorticoid kuchokera ku adrenal cortex - cortisol, yomwe imawonjezera mapangidwe a shuga m'chiwindi, amalepheretsa kukhudzidwa ndi maselo.
3. Ma Horone a adrenal medulla - adrenaline, norepinephrine, zomwe zimathandizira kuchepa kwa glycogen.
4. Hormone ya anterior pituitary gland - kukula kwa mahomoni, kukula kwa mahomoni, zochita zake zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito shuga ndi maselo.
5. Madzi a chithokomiro amalimbikitsa gluconeogenesis m'chiwindi, amaletsa kuyika kwa glycogen mu chiwindi ndi minofu minofu.

Chifukwa cha ntchito yamahomoni awa, glucose wamagazi amasungidwa m'malo osachepera 6.13 mmol / L, koma apamwamba kuposa 3.25 mmol / L pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Mu shuga mellitus, ma insulin omwe amapezeka m'maselo a kapamba samapangidwa kapena kuchuluka kwake kumachepetsedwa mpaka osachepera komwe sikuloleza kuyamwa kwa shuga m'magazi. Izi zimachitika ndi matenda amtundu 1 shuga. Maselo a Beta amawonongeka limodzi ndi ma virus kapena ma antibodies opangidwa kuma cell, komanso zigawo zake.

Kuwonetsedwa kwa matenda amtundu woyamba 1 kukukula mwachangu, popeza nthawi imeneyi pafupifupi 90% ya maselo onse a beta awonongedwa. Odwala oterowo, kuti apitirize kugwira ntchito zofunika, amapatsidwa mankhwala a insulin omwe amapezeka ndi mainjiniine.

Kuwonjezeka kwa glucose mu mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga mellitus (mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga) ndi chifukwa chakuti ziwalo zomwe zimadalira insulin zimayamba kukana zochita za insulin. Otsatira chifukwa cha ichi amalephera kuyankha, chomwe chikuwoneka pakupanga zizindikiro za matenda ashuga, omwe amachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a hyperglycemia ndi hyperinsulinemia.

Hyperglycemia imatanthauzira ma shuga onse am'magazi a shuga, omwe amatengera mtundu wa kusanthula:

• Capillary (kuchokera pachala) ndi magazi a venous - oposa 6.12 mmol / l.
• Madzi a m'magazi (gawo lamadzi lopanda maselo) limaposa 6.95 mmol / l.

Manambalawa akuwonetsa glucose woyambirira kudya atagona.