Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a 2 - zomwe zimatengera wodwala

Tikukupemphani kuti muwerenge nkhaniyi pamutuwu: "chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 2 - zomwe zimatengera wodwala" ndi ndemanga za akatswiri. Ngati mukufuna kufunsa funso kapena kulemba ndemanga, mutha kuchita izi pansipa, nkhaniyo itatha. Katswiri wathu wamtundu wa endoprinologist adzakuyankhirani.

Type 2 shuga mellitus: Zizindikiro zakukula, momwe mungachitire komanso kuchuluka kwake

Kulemera kwambiri mu theka lachiwiri la moyo, kusayenda, chakudya chamafuta ambiri kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa pa thanzi kuposa zomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira. Matenda a 2 a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika komanso osachiritsika. Imakula nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha moyo wamakono - zinthu zambiri, mwayi wonyamula, ndikugwira ntchito.

Ziwerengero za matenda zimatsimikizira mokwanira mawu awa: m'maiko otukuka, kuchuluka kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kumakhala kambirimbiri kuposa m'maiko osauka. Mtundu wa 2 ndi njira yayitali komanso yotsika. Ngati simutenga nawo mbali pazoyeserera zamanthawi zamankhwala kapena kupereka magazi anu nokha, kuzindikira kwanu kudzachitika mochedwa kwambiri zovuta zambiri zikayamba. Chithandizo cha mankhwalawa chiziikidwa mochulukirapo kuposa momwe matendawa angadziwire.

Chifukwa chiyani mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umayamba ndipo ndani wakhudzidwa

Kuzindikirika kwa matenda ashuga kumachitika pamene kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa glucose kwapezeka m'magazi am'kati mwa wodwala pamimba yopanda kanthu. Mulingo wapamwamba kuposa 7 mmol / l ndi chifukwa chokwanira kunena kuti kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazachilengedwe kunachitika m'thupi. Ngati miyeso ikuchitika ndi glucometer yosunthika, zikuwonetsa za shuga pamtunda wa 6.1 mmol / l zimawonetsa matenda osokoneza bongo, mwanjira imeneyi kuwunika kwa labotale ndikofunikira kutsimikizira matendawa.

Kukhazikika kwa matenda a shuga a 2 nthawi zambiri kumayendetsedwa ndi kuphwanya insulin. Shuga kuchokera m'magazi amalowa m'matumbo chifukwa cha insulin, kukana, kuzindikira kwa insulini ndi maselo kumalephera, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti shuga sangatengeke ndikuyamba kudziunjikira m'magazi. Zikondazo zimayang'anira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga, zimathandizira ntchito yake. Mapeto ake amatha. Ngati sanalandiridwe, pakatha zaka zochepa, insulin yowonjezera imaloŵedwa m'malo ndi kusapezekapo kwake, ndipo glucose wamagazi amakhalabe wokwera.

Zoyambitsa matenda ashuga:

1. Kunenepa kwambiri. Adipose minofu amakhala ndi ntchito ya metabolic ndipo imakhudza mwachindunji kukana kwa insulin. Choopsa kwambiri ndicho kunenepa kwambiri m'chiuno.
2. Kusayenda kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa minofu ya glucose zofunika. Ngati ntchito zolimbitsa thupi kulibe, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatsalira m'magazi.
3. Kuchuluka kwa zakudya zamafuta omwe amapezeka mosavuta - ufa, mbatata, mchere. Ma carboamu opanda fiber yokwanira amalowa m'magazi mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito za kachulukidwe komanso kolimbikitsa kukana insulin. Werengani nkhani yathu yolekerera shuga.
4. Makamaka kumawonjezera mwayi wofanana ndi matenda amtundu 2, koma sikuti ndi chinthu chobanika. Zizolowezi zathanzi zimathetsa chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga, ngakhale titakhala ndi matenda oyipa.

Mavuto mu kagayidwe kazakudya amadziunjikira kwa nthawi yayitali, kotero ukalamba umawonedwanso ngati chinthu china chachiwiri cha matenda ashuga. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amayamba patatha zaka 40, tsopano pali chizolowezi chochepetsa zaka zapakati pa odwala matenda ashuga.

Matenda a shuga amakhalanso amagawa pulayimale ndi sekondale. Matenda oyamba a shuga sangasinthe, kutengera mtundu wa zovuta, mitundu iwiri yapadera:

• Mtundu 1 (E10 malinga ndi ICD-10) umadziwika ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika chifukwa chosowa insulini. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chachilendo mu kapamba chifukwa cha mphamvu ya ma antibodies muma cell ake. Mtundu wa shugawu umadalira insulini, ndiye kuti, pamafunika jakisoni wa insulin tsiku lililonse.
• Mtundu 2 (code MKD-10 E11) kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin komanso kukana kwamphamvu kwa insulin. Mavuto akachulukirachulukira, matenda a shuga ayandikira kwambiri.

Matenda a shuga achiwiri amachitika chifukwa cha zovuta zamtunduwu mu ma chromosomes, matenda a kapamba, kusokonekera kwa mahomoni. Pambuyo pochiritsa kapena kukonza mankhwalawa chifukwa cha matendawa, shuga wa magazi amabwerera mwakale. Matenda a shuga a Gestational amakhalanso yachiwiri, amapanga kuwonekera kwake panthawi yoyembekezera ndipo amadutsa pambuyo pobadwa kwa mwana.

Kutengera ndi kuopsa, shuga imagawika m'magawo:

1. Digiri yofatsa imatanthawuza kuti zakudya zochepa zama carb ndizokwanira kuti shuga azikhala bwino. Mankhwala sakhazikitsidwa kwa odwala. Gawo loyamba silisowa chifukwa chazindikira mochedwa. Ngati simusintha momwe mumakhalira pakapita nthawi, digiri yofatsa imayamba kulowa pakati.
2. Pakatikati ndizofala kwambiri. Wodwala amafunikira ndalama kuti achepetse shuga. Palibenso zovuta za matenda ashuga kapena ofatsa ndipo sizikuwakhudza moyo. Pakadali pano, kusowa kwa insulin kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kutayika kwa ntchito zina zapanchipala. Pankhaniyi, imayendetsedwa ndi jakisoni. Kuperewera kwa insulin ndi chifukwa chomwe amachepetsa kulemera kwa matenda ashuga omwe amakhala ndi calorie. Thupi silitha kuphatikiza shuga ndipo limakakamizidwa kusiya mafuta ndi minofu yake.
3. Matenda akulu a shuga amadziwika ndi zovuta zingapo. Ndi chithandizo cholakwika kapena kusapezeka kwake, kusintha kumachitika m'matumbo a impso (nephropathy), maso (retinopathy), matenda ammimba a shuga, kulephera kwa mtima chifukwa cha angiopathy yamatumbo akulu. Mchitidwe wamanjenje umadwalanso mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga, masinthidwe osinthika amatchedwa diabetesic neuropathy.

Mwacitsanzo: Janashia P.Kh., Mirina E.Yu. Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 2 a mellitus // khansa ya m'mawere. 2005. Ayi. 26. S. 1761

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda ofala kwambiri a endocrine.

Zolemba
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5. Mayorov A.Yu., Naumenkova I.V. Othandizira amakono a hypoglycemic pa mankhwalawa a matenda a shuga a 2. // Russian Medical Journal. - T.9. - Ayi. 24. - 2001. - S.1105-1111.
6. Smirnova O.M. Mtundu woyamba wa 2 shuga wotchedwa mellitus. Kuzindikira, njira zamankhwala. Buku lothandizira.

Hormatonin yayikulu imapangidwa ndi tiziwalo tating'onoting'ono ta ubongo timene timatulutsa.

Kodi mungakhale bwanji ndi matenda ashuga a 2? Kodi ndizotheka "kukometsa" moyo wa wodwala? Kodi pali mwayi wochita popanda kumwa mankhwala ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga? Mtolankhani wa sayansi Makushnikova Olga.

Matenda a shuga — osati shuga. Ndikosavuta kutsutsa izi. Matenda a shuga — matenda osachiritsika omwe amafunikira kuwongoleredwa. Ngati munthu akudwala matenda ashuga, moyo wathanzi, kudya mokwanira, kudziletsa — njira yokhayo yopulumukira.

Matenda a shuga — matenda omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa glucose. Mu shuga, minofu ndi maselo amalephera kupeza mphamvu kuchokera ku glucose. Chifukwa cha izi, glucose wosagawika umamangika m'magazi.

Mavuto amawonongeka ndi shuga amaphatikizidwa ndi kusowa kwa insulini, komwe kumayambitsa kuthamanga kwa shuga (mtundu 1 shuga), kapena kutsutsana ndi insulin kutikita minofu ya thupi (mtundu 2 shuga).

Pali mtundu wina wa matenda ashuga. — machitidwe. Izi «osakhalitsa» matendawa nthawi zina amapezeka mwa azimayi panthawi yoyembekezera, ndipo amadutsa pambuyo pobadwa.

Malinga ndi magwero apakhomo ndi akunja, 6%% ya anthu padziko lapansi amadwala matenda ashuga. Ambiri a iwo omwe akudwala kale, koma osadziwa kapena sakufuna kudziwa za izi. Nthawi zambiri anthu amanyalanyaza zizindikiritso zoonekera kapena kuziwonetsa kuti ali ndi matenda ena: nthawi zambiri kufikira mochedwa kuti akonze vutolo.

Mwa 95 peresenti, anthu amapeza matenda a shuga a 2. Mu matendawa, maselo a pancreatic amapanga insulin yokwanira, koma sikugwira ntchito. Mahomoni omwe amanyamula glucose m'matupi mwa anthu athanzi sangathe kukhala mtundu wofunikira kwa khungu. Chifukwa chaichi «wopanda» glucose amakhalabe m'magazi, osasinthanso kukhala gwero lamphamvu.

Nthawi yochulukirapo ikadutsa, mtundu wamphamvu kwambiri wa matenda ashuga 2 komanso kuchuluka kwa glucose komwe kumalumikizidwa kumachepetsa thanzi la maselo a pancreatic omwe amapangitsanso. Maselo oyipa kwambiri a pancreatic amamverera, akapanda kupanga insulini. Pali bwalo loipa lomwe simungatuluke popanda mankhwala a insulin — mankhwala ndi insulin.

Ngati matendawa sanakwaniritse mpaka pano, nthawi zina zimakhala zokwanira kusintha zakudya, kuwonjezera kudziletsa, kukana maswiti, kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi ndikuyamba kumwa mankhwala monga adanenera dokotala.

Mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri ungathe kupewedwa

Pambuyo popenda kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, munthu nthawi zina amapezeka kuti wapezeka «prediabetes», yomwe imatchedwanso kuti kusokoneza shuga. Izi zikutanthauza kuti matendawa sanachitikebe, koma mavuto ndi mayamwidwe a shuga aonekera kale.

Matenda a shuga — chifukwa chachikulu chosinkhidwiranso pa moyo wanu komanso zakudya. Izi zikapanda kuchitika, munthuyo amayamba kudwala matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2.

Popewa matendawa, ndikofunikira kusintha kulemera, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu, kuwonjezera ntchito zamagalimoto ndikutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo onse a dokotala.

Mwa njira, malingaliro ochepetsa thupi, kumamatira pa chakudya choyenera komanso moyo wathanzi sangakhale wopatsa chidwi kwa anthu athanzi.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga a 2?

Nthawi zambiri, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga umayamba mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lotengera kubadwa kwa makolo — ngati anthu awa ali ndi abale apamtima omwe nawonso amadwala matenda ashuga.

Ngati m'modzi mwa makolo adawulula matendawa, pali mwayi wina woti patatha zaka makumi anayi, matenda ashuga amtundu wa II angayambire mwana wawo. Ngati makolo onse anali ndi matenda ashuga, chiopsezo cha matenda a shuga kwa ana awo akamakula ndi chachikulu kwambiri.

Komabe, khalani ndi cholowa chamtsogolo — sizitanthauza kuti konse kudwala. Thanzi laumunthu limatengera njira ya moyo, zakudya komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Ntchito yofunikira pakukula kwa matendawa imaseweredwa ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Mafuta omwe amapezeka amachepetsa chidwi cha minofu kuti insulin ikwaniritse chitetezo chokwanira.

Matenda a glucose amayamba kuchepa munthu akamakula. Ndiye chifukwa chake mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri umakula. — patatha zaka forte makumi anayi ndi zisanu.

Matenda a shuga amakhalanso ndi zifukwa zina: matenda a kapamba, kupsinjika, mankhwala ena.

• khungu louma ndi kuyabwa
• ludzu ndi kamwa yowuma
• kuchuluka kwamkodzo tsiku lililonse,
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• kutopa, kugona,
• kulakalaka kwambiri komanso kusinthasintha mwadzidzidzi kwa kulemera,
• kumva zam'mano zala, dzanzi la miyendo,
• mabala osachiritsika bwino, zilonda ndi zotupa pakhungu,

Amayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, nthawi zambiri amatuluka. Mwa amuna — mavuto ndi potency.

Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga umayamba pang'onopang'ono. Kwa nthawi yayitali, matendawa amatha kuonekera m'njira iliyonse. Nthawi yomweyo, kuwonongeka kwa glucose pazinthu ndi minofu yake kumayamba ngakhale ndi kusinthasintha pang'ono kwa shuga.

Type 2 shuga mellitus imapezeka kudzera motsatira mayeso angapo a labotale.

Uku ndiko kusanthula koyamba komanso kofala kwambiri pakuzindikira matenda. Kusanthula kumayenera kutengedwa kamodzi pazaka zitatu kwa anthu onse athanzi opitilira zaka makumi anayi.

Kamodzi pachaka, kuwunika kumafunikira kwa achinyamata omwe ali onenepa kwambiri komanso matenda oopsa, komanso anthu omwe ali ndi cholesterol yambiri.

Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa nalo, matenda onenepa komanso osachiritsika kuposa zaka 40, kuwunika uku kuyenera kuchitika chaka chilichonse.

Ndi kutsimikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu, kuyezedwa kwa matenda a shuga kumayamba, ngati zizindikiro zoyenera zilipo. Kusanthula komweku kumayikidwa ndi katswiri wa komweko, koma mutha kulumikizana ndi endocrinologist kuti mutumizireni. Ngati zotsatira za kusanthula zikutsimikizira matenda a shuga, ndiye dotolo yemwe amayang'anira wodwala.

Ngati magazi amatengedwa kuchokera kuchala kuti chilingaliridwe, kuchuluka kwa glucose sikuyenera kupitirira 5.5 mmol / L. Ngati magazi amatengedwa kuchokera m'mitsempha, malire ake amakhala abwinobwino — 6.15 mmol / L.

Kuwonjezeka kwa kusala kwa magazi m'magazi m'magazi pamwamba pa 5.6 mmol / L kungasonyeze prediabetes. Pamwamba pa 7 mmol / l — kwa matenda ashuga. Kuti muwonetsetse kuti palibe cholakwika, kusantaku ndikwabwino kuyambiranso.

2. Kuchita mayeso okhudzana ndi shuga

Wodwala amayesedwa posala kudya kwamwazi. Kenako mupatseni yankho la shuga kuti amwe ndikutenga magazi kuti akawunikenso pambuyo pa mphindi 120.

Ngati maola awiri mutatha kudya carbohydrate, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumakhalabe pamwamba pa 11.0 mmol / L, dokotala akutsimikizira kuti ali ndi matendawa «matenda ashuga».

Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga kuli m'magawo 7.8-11.0 mmol / l, kulolerana kwa shuga kumanenedwa kuti — prediabetes.

Nthawi zambiri, chizindikiro ichi sichidutsa 4-6%. Ngati mulingo wa glycosylated hemoglobin ndiwoposa 6%, munthuyu akhoza kukhala ndi matenda ashuga.

Ngati dokotala akuwona kuti ndikofunikira, atha kuwongolera phunziroli kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi C-peptide m'magazi. Kutengera luso la kuyesedwa, kuchuluka kwa insulini mwanjira kungakhale 2.7-10.4 μU / ml. Chikhalidwe cha C-peptide — 260-1730 pmol / L.

Pasakhale glucose mkodzo. Acetone imatha kupezeka mu mkodzo komanso m'mavuto ena, kotero kuwunika kumeneku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha kutsimikizira kuzindikiraku.

Magazi amawunika mapuloteni onse, urea, creatinine, mbiri ya lipid, AST, ALT, zigawo zama protein. Izi ndizofunikira kumvetsetsa momwe thupi liliri. Mayeso a biochemistry amakuthandizani kupeza chithandizo chomwe chimathandizira bwino munthu.

Pali magawo atatu (zovuta) amtundu wa shuga wachiwiri:

• kuwala — kuchuluka kwa shuga popanda chizindikiro chodziwika bwino,
• kuopsa kozama — Zizindikiro za matendawa sizinatchulidwe, kupatuka kumawonedwa pokhapokha pakuwunika,
• zolemetsa — kuwonongeka kwakukuru mu mawonekedwe a wodwala komanso mwayi wokhala ndi zovuta.

Ngati sikokwanira kuthana ndi matenda a shuga molakwika, pali chiopsezo cha mitsempha yamagazi (kuphatikiza mitsempha ya mtima ndi ubongo), impso (mpaka kufooka kwa impso), ziwalo zam'maso (mpaka khungu), dongosolo lamanjenje ndi mitsempha yamagazi am'munsi, chifukwa zomwe zimachulukitsa chiopsezo chodulidwa.

Amakhulupirira kuti shuga imawononga thupi lachikazi mwachangu komanso mwamphamvu kuposa chachimuna. Nthawi yomweyo, kugonana mwamphamvu nthawi zambiri kumanyalanyaza zovuta zowonekera ndipo sathamangira kutsatira malangizo a dokotala. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mwa amuna chiopsezo cha mavuto chimakula kwambiri.

Cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo cha matenda ashuga — kutsika kwa magazi m'magazi.

Nthawi zina, izi zimatheka ndi chakudya chapadera, kuchotsa mapaundi owonjezera ndikuyambitsa moyo wathanzi. Komabe, nthawi zambiri odwala sangathe kuchita popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Dokotala ayenera kusankha ngati angagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa.

Osayesa kuchepetsa shuga yanu nokha mothandizidwa ndi zakudya zopanda pake, zowonjezera pazakudya ndi zitsamba. Chifukwa chake mumasowa nthawi yofunikira ndipo imatha kukulitsa vuto lanu. Mankhwala azitsamba ndi abwino ngati othandizira, ndipo pokhapokha mutakumana ndi adokotala!

Mwa njira, masamba a mabulosi abulu, kulowetsedwa kwa oats, msuzi wa zipatso zatsopano zamtchire ndi masamba a kabichi ali ndi mphamvu yochepetsera shuga. Muzu wa Ginseng, kuchotsa kwa Leuzea, kulowetsedwa kwa ma tinctures ndi Eleutherococcus kuchotsa kumathandizira kagayidwe ka glucose.

Komabe, akatswiri salimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito Yerusalemu artichoke, artichoke, soya ndi buckwheat kuti muchepetse "zomwe zili shuga" m'thupi. Sipadzakhala vuto lililonse pazinthu izi, koma mphamvu zawo zozizwitsa ndizochulukitsa.

Pofufuza njira ina yoletsa shuga yomwe yoletsedwa, osadalira shuga. Mwachitsanzo, fructose, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zapadera za odwala matenda ashuga, imabweretsa mavuto mu metabolism yamafuta.

Fructose amadzutsa kachulukidwe kochepa kwambiri ka triglycerides ndi lipoprotein, ndipo ma lipoprotein amenewa siabwino. Kuphatikiza apo, fructose ndiwopamwamba kwambiri mu zopatsa mphamvu, zomwe sizikhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa thanzi la odwala omwe amakonda kunenepa kwambiri. Mlingo wambiri osati tsiku lililonse, maswiti a fructose ndiolandiridwa, koma osati monga shuga.

Wodwala matenda ashuga watsopano amangophunzira kupewetsa magazi ndi glucometer. Ndikofunikira kuchita maphunziro awa pafupipafupi komanso kuwonekera kwa adokotala.

Zomwe zapezedwa ziyenera kulembedwa kuti adokotala azitha kuwunika matendawa ndikupereka malangizo ofunikira. Ndipo, sichoncho, osanyalanyaza kuchuluka kovomerezedwa kukafika ku chipatala.

Zakudya zamankhwala — gawo lofunikira pakubwezeretsa matenda a shuga kagayidwe. Kuti muthane ndi matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kusiya kudya zakudya zomwe zimawonjezera shuga msanga: makeke, maswiti, mbewu zapoizoni, mpunga woyera, zipatso zina, madeti komanso zakudya zamafuta. Pansi pa choletsa mowa, kvass, mandimu, timadziti ta zipatso.

Mokwanira, mumatha kudya mkate wa rye ndi ufa wowuma, mbatata, beets, kaloti, nandolo wobiriwira, zoumba, chinanazi, nthochi, vwende, ma apricots, kiwi.

Zakudyazi ziyenera kuphatikizapo zukini, kabichi, nkhaka, phwetekere, saladi wobiriwira, zipatso zambiri ndi zipatso, mkaka wopanda mafuta, nyama yophika kapena ya nsomba.

Ndikofunikira kutsatira zakudya zowoneka bwino (nthawi 5-6 patsiku) komanso zakudya zama carb otsika.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi — gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukhalabe wathanzi la 2 matenda ashuga. Monga lamulo, kuyenda kwa theka la ola lathunthu pamlingo wothamanga ndikokwanira kuwonjezera chidwi cha insulin.

Kusambira kothandiza osati kuyendetsa njinga kwambiri. Zochita zina zilizonse muyenera kukambirana ndi dokotala. Pangakhale kofunikira kuti mukhale ndi mayeso owonjezereka kuti mulandire maphunziro.

Mukayamba kuyambira pachifuwa, ndibwino kuti mudzilowerere pang'onopang'ono. Onjezani nthawi yamakalasi pang'onopang'ono: kuyambira mphindi 5-10 mpaka mphindi 45-60 patsiku.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi ziyenera kukhala zanthawi zonse, osati zakuti. Ndikupuma kwakutali, zotsatira zabwino zamasewera zimatha msanga.

Kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, zakudya zoyenera komanso chithandizo chakanthawi, kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga kumapangitsa wodwala kukhala ndi moyo wambiri kuti apewe zovuta. Kupatula apo, monga akunenera ku West: «Matenda a shuga — awa si matenda, koma njira ya moyo!»

Type 2 matenda a shuga a mellitus (DM) ndi matenda opatsirana osachiritsika. Zimakhudza onse amuna ndi akazi, nthawi zambiri zaka zopitilira 40. Kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga a 2 sikunyalanyazidwa ndi ambiri, ndipo odwala ena, kwenikweni, samadziwitsidwa kuti atenga matendawa. Ndipo odwala omwe amadziwa za matenda awo, nthawi zambiri samadziwa kuti ndi chiyani - shuga, zomwe amawopseza, ndipo sazindikira kuopsa kwake. Zotsatira zake, matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 amatha kukhala mitundu yayikulu ndipo amatha kukhala pachiwopsezo cha moyo. Pakadali pano, chithandizo chokwanira komanso zakudya zoyenera za matenda a shuga a 2 zitha kuyimitsa matendawa.

Munthu akayamba kudwala matenda ashuga, zomwe zimayambitsa mfundoyi zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda nthawi zambiri umayamba ndi:

• kudya kolakwika
• kusowa zolimbitsa thupi,
• onenepa kwambiri
• cholowa
• kupsinjika
• mankhwala omwe mumalandira ndi mankhwala, mwachitsanzo, glucocorticosteroids,

M'malo mwake, nthawi zambiri pamakhala osati malo amodzi okha, koma zifukwa zosiyanasiyana.

Ngati tilingalira za kupezeka kwa matendawa malinga ndi pathogenesis, ndiye kuti matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 amayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin m'magazi. Ili ndiye dzina la vutoli pamene mapuloteni a insulin omwe amapangidwa ndi kapamba amakhala osatheka kwa ma insulin receptors omwe amapezeka pama cell membrane. Zotsatira zake, maselo amalephera kutulutsa shuga (glucose), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga asagwiritsidwe ntchito m'maselo, komanso, zomwe sizowopsa, pakupezeka kwa glucose m'magazi ndi kuphatikizika kwake kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mwa ichi, maellitus osadalira insulin ndi osiyana ndi matenda amtundu 1, momwe kapamba samatulutsa insulin yokwanira.

Zizindikiro zake zimadalira matendawa. Pazigawo zoyambirira, wodwalayo sangakhale ndi vuto lalikulu, kupatula kutopa kochulukirapo, kamwa yowuma, ludzu lowonjezereka komanso kusowa kudya. Vutoli limadziwika chifukwa cha chakudya cholakwika, matenda a kutopa kwambiri, kupsinjika. Komabe, kwenikweni, chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa ndi chobisika. Matendawa akamakula, zizindikiro zake zimaphatikizanso:

• kuchiritsa kwamabala
• kufooketsa chitetezo chokwanira,
• kupweteka ndi kutupa m'miyendo,
• mutu
• dermatitis.

Komabe, nthawi zambiri odwala samatanthauzira molondola ngakhale matchulidwe amtundu wotere, ndipo matenda a shuga amakula osagwirizana mpaka atafika magawo ovuta kapena obweretsa moyo.

M'malo mwake, palibe njira zokwanira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga azikhala ndi maselo, chifukwa chake, kutsimikizika kwakukulu pamankhwala ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyesayesa kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti muchepetse kulemera kwa wodwalayo, ndikubwezeretsanso kwazonse, popeza kuchuluka kwa minyewa ya adipose kumathandizira kwambiri pathogenesis ya shuga.

Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chikuthandizira zovuta mu mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga ndi matenda a lipid metabolism. Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yomwe ili yosiyana ndi chizolowezi kungayambitse kukulira kwa angiopathies.

Type 2 matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amafunikira chithandizo chanthawi zonse. M'malo mwake, njira zonse zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito amagawika m'magulu atatu:

• kumwa mankhwala
• chakudya
• kusintha kwa moyo.

Chithandizo chothandiza cha matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri sichimangotanthauza kulimbana kokha ndi matenda omwewo, komanso matenda ophatikizika, monga:

Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri amachiritsidwa pang'onopang'ono komanso kunyumba. Odwala okha omwe ali ndi hyperglycemic ndi hyperosmolar coma, ketoacidosis, mitundu yoopsa ya neuropathies ndi angiopathies, ndi stroko amapatsidwa chipatala.

M'malo mwake, mankhwala onse amagawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu - omwe amakhudza kupanga insulin, ndi omwe satero.

Chithandizo chachikulu cha gulu lachiwiri ndi metformin kuchokera ku gulu la Biguanide. Mankhwalawa amakonda mankhwala a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri. Popanda kukhudza maselo a kapamba, umasunga glucose m'magazi nthawi zonse. Mankhwala sitiwopseza kuchepa kwambiri kwa glucose. Metformin imawotanso mafuta ndikuchepetsa chilakolako cha chakudya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti wodwalayo achepetse kunenepa kwambiri. Komabe, mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kukhala owopsa, popeza vuto lalikulu lomwe limapangitsa munthu kufa kwambiri - lactic acidosis limatha kuchitika.

Oimira ena a gulu lina la mankhwala omwe amakhudza kupanga insulin ndi zotumphukira za sulfonylurea. Amalimbitsa mwachindunji maselo a beta a kapamba, chifukwa chake amapanga insulin yambiri. Komabe, mankhwala osokoneza bongo ochulukirapo aopseza wodwalayo ndi vuto la hypoclycemic. Zothandiza kuchokera ku sulfanylureas nthawi zambiri zimatengedwa molumikizana ndi metformin.

Palinso mitundu ina ya mankhwala. Gulu la mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa kupanga insulini kutengera kuchuluka kwa glucose amaphatikiza ma intretin mimetics (GLP-1 agonists) ndi ma Dhib-4 inhibitors. Awa ndi mankhwala atsopano, ndipo pakadali pano ndi okwera mtengo. Amalepheretsa kaphatikizidwe ka glucagon wopititsa patsogolo shuga, kumapangitsanso zochitika za ma insretins - m'mimba ma mahomoni omwe amachititsa kupanga insulin.

Palinso mankhwala omwe amalepheretsa kuyamwa kwa glucose m'mimba yotsekemera - acarbose. Mankhwalawa sakukhudza kupanga kwa insulin. Acarbose nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa ngati njira yopewera kupewa matenda ashuga.

Palinso mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga mumkodzo, komanso mankhwala omwe amachititsa chidwi cha maselo ku glucose.

Medical insulin sikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga. Nthawi zambiri, amagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa chosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena, mu mawonekedwe omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, kapamba akamatha ndipo sangatulutse insulin yokwanira.

Matenda a 2 a shuga amakhalanso ndi matenda amodzimodzi:

• angiopathies
• kukhumudwa
• ma neuropathies
• matenda oopsa
• lipid kagayidwe kachakudya.

Ngati matenda ofananawo apezeka, ndiye kuti mankhwalawo amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala ochizira matenda a shuga a 2

Chomwe chimasintha pakudya kwa ashuga ndikuyambitsa zakudya zomwe zimalowa mgonero. Zakudya zoyenera ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi endocrinologist payekhapayekha kwa wodwala aliyense, poganizira kuopsa kwa matenda ashuga, matenda opatsirana, zaka, moyo, ndi zina zambiri.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya zakudya zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin (tebulo No. 9, zakudya zama carb otsika, etc.). Onsewa adziwonetsa bwino komanso amasiyana mzinthu zina. Koma amatembenuka mu mfundo yayikulu - zofunikira za kudya zamankhwala mu matenda ziyenera kukhala zochepa. Choyamba, zimakhudzana ndi zinthu zokhala ndi ma "carbohydrate" othamanga, ndiye kuti, zamafuta omwe amatengedwa mwachangu kuchokera ku m'mimba. Zakudya zamafuta othamanga zimapezeka mu shuga woyengedwa, kusunga, confectionery, chokoleti, ayisikilimu, mchere, komanso zinthu zophika. Kuphatikiza pa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta, ndikofunikira kuyesetsa kuchepetsa thupi, chifukwa kuwonjezeka kwa thupi ndi chinthu chomwe chimakulitsa nthawi ya matendawa.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa madzi kuti mupange kutayika kwa madzimadzi ndimakokedwe pafupipafupi, omwe nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi matenda a shuga. Pamodzi ndi izi, ndikofunikira kusiyiratu zakumwa za shuga - cola, mandimu, kvass, timadziti ndi tiyi ndi shuga. M'malo mwake, mumangomwa zakumwa zopanda shuga - mchere wopanda madzi ndi wopanda, tiyi wopanda khofi komanso khofi. Kumbukirani kuti kumwa mowa kumathanso kuvulaza - chifukwa chakuti mowa umasokoneza kagayidwe kazakudwala.

Chakudya chizikhala chokhazikika - osachepera katatu patsiku, ndipo koposa zonse - 5-6 pa tsiku. Simuyenera kukhala patebulo lamadzulo mukatha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Chinsinsi cha chithandizo cha matenda ashuwere chimadziwunikira pawokha odwala. Ndi matenda a shuga a 2, kuchuluka kwa shuga kuyenera kukhala kosadalira malire, kapena kuyandikira. Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo ayenera kuwongolera yekha shuga kuti asachulukane kwambiri. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kusunga zolemba momwe mfundo za shuga m'magazi zalembedwera. Mutha kutenga miyezo ya glucose wokhala ndi ma glucose apadera amitengo yamagazi okhala ndi mizere yoyeserera. Njira yoyezera imachitika tsiku lililonse. Nthawi yabwino yoyezera m'mawa kwambiri. Pamaso pa njirayi, ndizoletsedwa kudya chilichonse. Ngati ndi kotheka, njirayi imatha kubwerezedwa kangapo patsiku ndikuwona kuchuluka kwa shuga osati m'mawa wopanda kanthu, komanso mutatha kudya, musanagone, etc. Podziwa dongosolo la kusintha kwa glucose m'magazi, wodwalayo amatha kusintha msanga zakudya ndi machitidwe ake kuti chiwonetsero cha glucose chikhale chamagulu.

Komabe, kukhalapo kwa glucometer sikumapulumutsa wodwalayo kufunika kosanthula magazi pafupipafupi kuti akhale ndi shuga mu chipatala chachipatala, chifukwa mfundo zomwe zimapezeka mu labotale ndizolondola kwambiri.

Palibe zovuta kulamula kuchuluka kwa shuga mukamadya chakudya - zitatha zonse, pazinthu zambiri zomwe zimagulidwa m'sitolo, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zawo ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu omwe amapezeka. Pali mitundu ya matenda ashuga okonda zakudya zomwe chakudya chimasungidwa m'malo mwake ndimalo ochepetsa mphamvu ya kalori (sorbitol, xylitol, aspartame).

1. 
   Stroykova, A. S. Matenda a shuga omwe akuyang'aniridwa. Moyo wathunthu ndi weniweni! / A.S. Stroykova. - M: Vector, 2010 .-- 192 p.
2. 
   Aleksandrovsky, Y. A. Matenda a shuga. Zoyeserera komanso zokopa. Machaputala Osankhidwa / Ya.A. Alexandrovsky. - M: SIP RIA, 2005 .-- 220 p.
3. 
   Mazovetsky A.G., Velikov V.K. Matenda a shuga, Mankhwala -, 1987. - 288 p.

Ndiloleni ndidziwitse. Dzina langa ndi Elena. Ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito ya endocrinologist kwa zaka zoposa 10. Ndikukhulupirira kuti pakadali pano ndili katswiri pantchito yanga ndipo ndikufuna kuthandiza alendo onse omwe amapezeka pamalowo kuti athetse zovuta osati ntchito. Zinthu zonse za tsambalo amazisonkhanitsa ndikuzikonza mosamala kuti athe kufotokoza zambiri zofunikira. Musanagwiritse ntchito zomwe zikufotokozedwa pa webusaitiyi, kufunsana ndi akatswiri ndizofunikira nthawi zonse.