Pancreatic glucagon ntchito, limagwirira ntchito, malangizo ntchito

Pancreatic mahomoni. Kupanga kwa glucagon kumachitika chifukwa chomangirira maselo enaake a chiwindi, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito ya G-protein -ediated adenylate cyclase ndikuwonjezereka kwa mapangidwe a cAMP. Izi zimathandizira catabolism ya glycogen yomwe imayika ndikuyambitsa gluconeogeneis ndi ketogeneis. Glucagon ilibe gawo pa glycogen minofu, mwachiwonekere chifukwa cha kusowa kwa glucagon receptors mwa iwo. Mu Mlingo yogwira mankhwala, glucagon imapangitsa kuchuluka kwa insulin kutulutsa kwa ma cell a pancreatic β-cell.

Glucagon ili ndi mawonekedwe osiyana ndi chronotropic pamtima chifukwa chowonjezereka pakupanga kwa cAMP (i.e., imayambitsa zotsatira zofanana ndi β-adrenoreceptor agonists, koma osakhudzidwa nawo).

Mlingo wambiri, glucagon amayambitsa kupuma kwamatumbo kwambiri osatulutsidwa ndi adenylate cyclase.

Nchiyani chimatsogolera pakuwonjezera komanso kusowa kwa mahomoni m'thupi?

Zotsatira zoyambirira kwambiri za mahormoni ndikuwonjezereka kwa kuchuluka kwa glucose ndi mafuta acids. Kuti ikhale yabwinoko kapena yoyipa, zimatengera kuchuluka kwa glucagon wopangidwa.

Pamaso pa zopatuka, zimayamba kupangidwa zochuluka - kotero kuti ndizowopsa pakupanga zovuta. Koma zomwe zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi zolakwika m'thupi, zimabweretsa zotsatirapo zoyipa.

Kuchulukitsa kwa panganoli kumabweretsa kuchuluka kwa thupi ndi mafuta acid ndi shuga. Kupanda kutero, izi zimatchedwa hyperglycemia. Mlandu umodzi womwe umachitika osati wowopsa, koma mwatsatanetsatane wa hyperglycemia umabweretsa chitukuko. Itha kutsagana ndi tachycardia komanso kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, komwe kumayambitsa matenda oopsa komanso mtima.

Kuyenda kwambiri kwa magazi kudzera m'matumbo kumapangitsa kuti mavalidwe awo asanakwane, zomwe zingayambitse matenda amitsempha.

Ndi kuchuluka kocheperako kwa timadzi timeneti, thupi la munthu limakumana ndi vuto la shuga, lomwe limayambitsa hypoglycemia. Mkhalidwewu ulinso pakati pa owopsa komanso a m'magazi, chifukwa ungayambitse zambiri zosasangalatsa.

Izi zikuphatikiza:

• nseru
• chizungulire
• kugwedezeka
• ochepa ogwira ntchito
• kufooka
• kudziwa zolakwika
• kukokana.

Wovulala kwambiri atamwalira.

Zambiri paz kanema wa glucagon pa kulemera kwa munthu:

Kutengera izi, titha kunena kuti, ngakhale pali zinthu zambiri zothandiza, zomwe zili mu glucagon mthupi siziyenera kupitilira zinthu wamba.

Magulu a glucagon: komwe amapangidwira, amagwira ntchito ndi magwiridwe antchito

Mahomoni opangidwa ndi kapamba amunthu ali ndi gawo lofunikira pa moyo ndi njira za metabolic m'thupi. Aliyense wamva insulin, koma ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti zake zimakhudzana kwambiri ndi ntchito ya mahomoni ena - glucagon. Kuti mumvetse kufunikira kwake, muyenera kuganizira mbali zonse za nkhaniyi.

Thupi laumunthu ndimapangidwe ovuta omwe amayenera kugwira ntchito bwino, osalephera, kuti timve bwino. Chikhansa ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimakhudzana ndi njira zoyambira zama metabolism. Ndili othokoza chifukwa cha ntchito ya gland iyi kuti zakudya zomwe zimapangidwa zimapangidwa mu zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi maselo a thupi. Izi zimachitika mothandizidwa ndi mahomoni omwe amapangidwa mu kapamba.

Mahomoni akuluakulu a kapamba:

1. Insulin, yomwe imayambitsa shuga m'magazi.
2. Homoni ndi glucagon, yemwe ali ndi vuto lina la insulin.
3. Somatostatin amagwira ntchito yoletsa kupondereza zinthu zingapo zomwe zimagwira ntchito m'thupi.
4. Pancreatic polypeptide yomwe imayang'anira chimbudzi.

Kuchita kwa glucagon wa mahomoni kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi zochita za insulin. Akatswiri samawasanthula padera, ngakhale pokambirana za kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi timagwiritsa ntchito insulin kwambiri.

Muzochita zachipatala, timadzi timeneti timatchulidwanso "hormone ya njala." Atazindikira komwe timadzi tam'magazi timatulutsa, asayansi anapitiliza kuphunzira kapangidwe kake. Monga momwe zidakhalira, ngakhale ndizofunikira kwa thupi la munthu, kapangidwe ka glucagon ndikosavuta: kamakhala ndi ma amino acid 29 okha.

Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti kapangidwe ka glucagon wamafuta ndizofanana kwa anthu, ng'ombe, nkhumba ndi makoswe. Mankhwala apulogalamu amakono amagwiritsa ntchito kapamba a nkhumba kapena ng'ombe kuti apeze zinthu zofunika, zomwe zimawonjezeredwa ndi mankhwala.

Ngakhale kutchuka kwake kocheperako, timadzi tating'onoting'ono timeneti timapanga kukhazikitsa njira zofunika kwambiri pamoyo wa munthu. Kamodzi m'magazi, timadzi ta njala timasunthira m'chiwindi, komwe timalumikizana ndi ma cell a maselo ake ndikuthandizira kupanga glucose, yomwe imalowanso m'magazi. Glucagon imakuthandizani kuti muzisamalira paokhazikika.

Ntchito zina za glucagon ya mahomoni:

1. Imalimbikitsa ndikuwonjezera kuyenda kwa magazi aimpso.
2. Zimatenga gawo limodzi pazochitikanso maselo a chiwindi.
3. Glucagon imathandizira kusweka kwa lipids ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi a anthu.
4. Chimalimbikitsa kuchotsa sodium m'thupi mwachangu, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mtima uzigwira ntchito.
5. Amachotsa insulin m'maselo a thupi.

Hormone iyi imalumikizana kwambiri ndi adrenaline panthawi yamavuto. Ndi kuchuluka kwa adrenaline m'magazi, kuchuluka kwa glucagon kumakwera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mpweya wabwino m'mitsempha.

Zatsimikizidwanso kuti panthawi ya chimbudzi, kuchuluka kwa glucagon kumatsika kwambiri, pomwe kuchuluka kwa insulin, m'malo mwake, kumawonjezeka. Ma processor mthupi akangomalizidwa, mahomoni amthupi amasintha mbali ina.

Zambiri zimakhudza kukhazikika kwa glucagon wa m'thupi la munthu.

1. Dontho mu shuga wamagazi.
2. Kuchuluka kwa amino acid m'magazi.
3. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi.

Zochita zonsezi zimathandizira kulumpha lakuthwa mu glucagon m'magazi. Nthawi yomweyo, akatswiri amakonda kugawana zomwe zimachitika mu mahomoni kwa ana ndi akulu.

1. Ana kuyambira zaka 4 mpaka 14. Zomwezo zili pamtunda kuchokera pa 0 mpaka 148 pg / ml.
2. Akuluakulu (woposa zaka 14). Kukula kwake kumatsimikiziridwa ndi malire kuchokera pa 20 mpaka 100 pg / ml.

Kupatuka kwakuthwa kuzizindikiro zozindikirika kumawonetsa kukula kwa ma pathologies a chikhalidwe chosiyana kwambiri mthupi.

Mlingo wa mahomoni m'magazi a munthu umatsimikizika potenga magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha yamaubalo. Pokhapokha ngati pakuyezetsa magazi ndi pomwe tingadziwe kuchuluka kwa momwe timadzi ta njala timene timakhalira.

Kusintha kwa mahomoni m'thupi la munthu nthawi zambiri kumawonetsa njira zilizonse zomwe zingawononge thanzi. Ena aiwo amapitilira, poyang'ana koyamba, osadziwika.

Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezeka kwa glucagon wamagulu ndi chizindikiro cha matenda otsatirawa:

1. Mtundu woyamba wa shuga.
2. Pancreatitis mu mawonekedwe pachimake.
3. Matenda a chiwindi.
4. Kulephera kwa impso.
5. Hypoglycemia.
6. Kupsinjika kwakukulu kwa thupi komwe kumakhudzana ndi zoopsa (maopareshoni, kuwotcha, ndi zina).

Izi ndi zinthu zingapo chabe zomwe zingakhudze kupatuka kwa mahomoni am'malo achisoni kuchokera kumalo wamba. Kutsika kwa chidziwitso kumatha kuyankhulanso za pathologies: cystic fibrosis, pancreatitis yayitali.

Mankhwala amakono amatha kupatsa anthu mankhwala omwe angathandize njira zachilengedwe za thupi kukhazikitsa bwino tsogolo la mahomoni.Atazindikira komwe timadzi tam'magazi timatulutsa, timagwira ntchito, zomwe zimakhudza komanso chifukwa chake ndikofunikira, asayansi athetsa bwino nkhani yopanga mankhwala oyenera.

Choyamba, mankhwalawa okhala ndi glucagon amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupepukitsa ma spasms, kukonza magwiridwe antchito a mtima komanso chida cha matenda a shuga. Kuphatikizika kwa mankhwalawa kumaphatikizapo mahomoni omwe amatulutsidwa kuchokera ku zikondamoyo za ng'ombe ndi nkhumba (monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kapangidwe ka timadzi tomwe timakhala m'thupi mwa nyama izi ndizofanana ndi anthu).

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amakhudza mphamvu ya mahomoni kumatheka pokhapokha ngati dokotala akuwalimbikitsani. Kupanda kutero, izi zimakhala zowala ndi kukula kwa zotsatira zoyipa za matenda.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, mankhwala omwe amakhala ndi glucagon wa nyama amadziwika motere:

1. Zokhudza kupumula kwamatumbo ndi m'matumbo.
2. Kuchita mankhwala othandizira odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lamaganizidwe.
3. Matenda a shuga, nthawi zina, amalemba matenda ashuga 2.
4. Kuthetsa ma spasms ndi m'mimba diverticulosis.
5. Chida chothandizira pakuwunika ma labotore okonza thupi.

Mankhwala oterowo amayenera kusintha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a munthu, nthawi zina, kugwiritsa ntchito insulin sikofunikira.

Mankhwala ofanana a mahomoni amapezeka mu mawonekedwe a jekeseni, omwe amatha kutumikiridwa kudzera m'mitsempha, intramuscularly, kapena subcutaneally. Zogwiritsa ntchito mwadzidzidzi, mitundu iwiri yoyambirira yoyendetsa mankhwala ndi yoyenera.

Mlingo woyenera umatsimikiziridwa ndi adotolo, kutengera wodwalayo, momwe mthupi lake mulili. Mankhwala ndikukonzekera mayeso, ma Mlingo osiyanasiyana a mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Madokotala ati muzochitika zadzidzidzi, kusintha kumachitika mkati mwa mphindi khumi.

Pali zoletsa kugwiritsa ntchito:

1. Mimba Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti mankhwalawa samalowa mu zotchinga, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndi otetezeka kwa mwana wosabadwayo. Komabe, madokotala amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pokhapokha ngati pali zovuta zina.
2. Sikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwa ana omwe kulemera kwawo ndi kochepera 25 kilogalamu.
3. Kusalolera payekha pazinthu zothandizira za mankhwalawa.

Muzochitika zina zonse, malingaliro onse amangodalira lingaliro la dokotala. Pambuyo pa mankhwala a glucagon, wodwalayo amafunika nthawi yobwezeretsa: chakudya ndi mapuloteni, tiyi wokoma ndi mtendere pafupifupi maola awiri.

Madokotala amavomereza kuti njira yabwino kwambiri yopetsera matenda ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino, zomwe zimathandizanso kukhala ndi mahomoni ofunikira. Popewa kupatuka kosasangalatsa ndikotheka ngati mumayang'anitsitsa zakudya zanu ndikukhala tcheru ndi zizindikilo za thupi lanu.

Hormone glucagon: Ndi mahomoni amtundu wanji, ntchito, komwe imakhalapo, bwanji

Zikondwererozi zimagwira ntchito za exocrine ndi endocrine. Gawo lake lotuluka limapanga ma enzyme omwe ali mgulu la chimbudzi ndipo amapereka chakudya chambiri - kuwonongeka kwa mamolekyulu kupita ang'onoang'ono. Zida za endocrine gland zimakhala ndi magulu a maselo omwe amadziwika kuti islets of Langerhans. Amapereka mahomoni angapo m'magazi:

Gwero lalikulu lamphamvu mthupi la munthu ndi glucose. Chofunikira pantchito ya ziwalo zonse. Insulin ndi glucagon imasunga ndende yake m'magazi pamlingo woyenera, popeza kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwake kumakhudza mbali imodzi ya thupi. Insulini imamanga zoyendetsa zapadera mu michere ya chiwindi, minofu, impso, ndi zina, chifukwa chake glucose amatengedwa ndi maselo. Ndi kusowa kwa insulin, matenda a shuga amakula ndipo ndimatenda a shuga omwe amayamba. Glucagon ndi hormone yotsutsana ndi mahomoni. Ntchito yogwirizana yamahomoni imasungitsa chakudya moyenera.

Glucagon ndi mahomoni a polypeptide opangidwa ndi 29 amino acid. Glucagon alpha yopangidwa ndi maselo a islet. Ntchito zotsatirazi za glucagon zimatha kusiyanitsidwa:

• kumawonjezera shuga m'magazi (gawo lalikulu la mahomoni).

Mu chiwindi, shuga amasungidwa mu mawonekedwe a glycogen. Mukamasala kudya kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa nthawi yayitali, glucagon imayambitsa zochitika zosiyanasiyana, zomangiriza ku zolimba za chiwindi, ndipo zimayambitsa kuphwanya kwa glycogen. Glucose imamasulidwa ndikulowa m'magazi, ndikwaniritsa mphamvu zamthupi.

Tcherani khutu! Glucagon saphwanya glycogen mu minofu, chifukwa mulibe ma receptor enieni.

• imayambitsa kupanikizika kwa shuga m'chiwindi kuchokera pazinthu zopanda mafuta osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi vuto,
• amalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito shuga,
• amalimbikitsa kuwonongeka kwa malo osungirako mafuta. Chifukwa chake, glucagon akapangidwa, zomwe zimakhala ndimafuta m'magazi zimatuluka,
• imayambitsa mapangidwe a matupi a ketone (zinthu zapadera zomwe, zikagawika, zimapatsa mphamvu mphamvu pakuchepa kwazinthu zina, i.e pamene glucose palibe),
• imathandizira kubisalira kwa insulin pofuna kupewa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi,
• imakweza kuthamanga kwa magazi mwakuwonjezera pafupipafupi ndi mphamvu ya kugunda kwa mtima,
• imawonetsetsa kupulumuka kwa thupi movuta kwambiri pakuwonjezera mphamvu zomwe zimapezeka m'magazi (shuga, mafuta acids, matupi a ketone), omwe amatha kugwidwa ndi ziwalo ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito,

Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumathandizanso kuti chakudya chamagulu chikhale bwino.

• imalimbikitsa kupanga makatekolamaini ndi adrenal medulla,
• mu chidwi champhamvu kwambiri chimamasula minofu ya minofu yosalala (antispasmodic effect),
• zochita za glucagon amathandizidwa ndi adrenaline ndi cortisol, amenenso ali ndi vuto la hyperglycemic.

Thupi laumunthu ndi dongosolo lolinganizidwa bwino, motero chilengedwe chapanga njira zopangira kuchuluka kwa glucagon m'magazi pamlingo woyenera. Chomwe chimapangitsa chidwi cha maselo a alpha ndi katulutsidwe ka glucagon ndi:

• kuchepa kwa shuga ndende. Chifukwa chokhala ndi mphamvu yayitali kapena kufa ndi njala, magazi ake amakhala otsika kwambiri. Thupi limafa ndi njala ndipo limafunikira shuga. Glucagon imapangidwa ndikupulumutsa shuga m'magulu,
• ma amino acid - arginine, alanine, omwe amasulidwa panthawi yomwe kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni omwe amalandiridwa ndi chakudya. Mukakhala ndi mapuloteni omwe amapezeka muzakudya, glucagon yambiri amapangidwa. Chifukwa chake, chakudyacho chikuyenera kukhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni athunthu,
• kuchuluka kwa insulin: kupewa kuchepa kwambiri kwa shuga,
• mahomoni opangidwa ndi chakudya chamagaya - gastrin, cholecystokinin,
• mankhwala - beta-adrenostimulants.

Imalepheretsa katulutsidwe wa glucagon:

• kuchuluka kwa shuga, mafuta acids kapena matupi a ketone m'magazi,
• somatostatin opangidwa mu delta maselo a islet zida.

Ntchito yolondola ya thupi imapereka chiwonetsero choyenera cha kuyambitsa ndi kuletsa kwa kupanga shuga, yemwe amakhala osamala.

Glucagon ya mahomoni sikuti imangopangidwa m'thupi lathu, komanso, ngati pakufunika, imayendetsedwa kunja monga mawonekedwe a mankhwala.

Glucagon wa mankhwala akupezeka mu mawonekedwe a:

• Lophilised jekeseni ufa. Kuphatikizikaku kumaphatikizapo glucagon wokha. Atakulungidwa m'mabotolo agalasi a 1, 2 kapena 5 ml, amaphatikizika ndi zosungunulira,
• Poda yowuma ya jakisoni yomwe imakhala ndi glucagon hydrochloride ndi lactose / phenol yankho la glycerol. Amapezeka m'magalasi ampira (666,667,668,669)

Glucagon wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo amapatulidwa ndi zikondamoyo za ng'ombe kapena nkhumba. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, mawonekedwe a glucagon a anthu ndi nyama ali ndi mawonekedwe omwewo a kemikali. Njira inanso yopezera ndi njira yopangira ma genetic engineering.DNA, momwe kapangidwe ka glucagon amatsekeredwera, amaikidwa mu Escherichia coli. Microorganism imakhala gwero la glucagon, lomwe limagwirizana kwathunthu ndi kuphatikizika kwa amino acid ndi munthu.

Mphamvu ya kapangidwe ka mankhwala a glucagon ndi ofanana ndi zolimbitsa mphamvu ya amkati amkati:

• Imaphwanya glycogen m'chiwindi mpaka glucose, yomwe imalowa m'magazi. Mankhwala akaphatikizidwa m'mitsempha, chochita chimadziwika pambuyo pa mphindi 5 - 25, ndi mu mnofu - pambuyo pa mphindi 15 - 26, modzitchinjiriza - pambuyo pa mphindi 30 - 45, motero, kuti muwonetse zotsatira, ndikofunikira kudikirira nthawi,
• Amamasula minofu yosalala (antispasmodic effect). Ndi mtsempha wa intravenous pambuyo pa masekondi 45-60, ndi makonzedwe amtsempha pambuyo pa mphindi 8-10,
• Kuchulukitsa pafupipafupi kufupi kwa minofu yamtima.

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito akuti zotsatira zake sizikula pambuyo pake kwa nthawi yayitali, kumwa mowa. Kuchuluka kwa glycogen m'chiwindi kumachepetsedwa kotero kuti glucagon imatha kupereka mphamvu ya hyperglycemic.

Pogwiritsa ntchito shuga kwa nthawi yayitali, mphamvu ya m'mimba imaletseka ndipo kudzimbidwa kumayamba.

• hypoglycemia (kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi) ndi kukomoka kwa hypoglycemic (kutaya kwa chikumbumtima chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa shuga),
• kuchuluka kwa calcium blockers ndi beta-blockers,
• munthawi yodziwitsa: Kuunika kwa X-ray ndi kugaya kwam'mimba, kupenda kwamitsempha yamagazi, CT ndi michere yamagalasi poganiza kuti mutha kutulutsa magazi kuchokera m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono ndi njira zina momwe minofu yamitsempha imayenera kuchepetsedwa,
• Zambiri zakugwiritsira ntchito glucagon kwa mankhwalawa chifukwa chodwala matenda amisala amadziwika.

• hyperglycemia: pamene glucagon ipangidwa, shuga wamagazi amatuluka kwambiri,
• Hypersensitivity kuti ng'ombe ndi nkhumba mapuloteni mu chakudya,
• insulinoma (chotupa cha kanyumba kogwiritsira ntchito kapamba), chifukwa izi zitha kuchititsa munthu kusayembekezereka - hypoglycemia),
• pheochromocytoma (chotupa cha adrenal medulla yomwe imatulutsa kuchuluka kwa adrenaline. Popeza ndi synergist ya glucagon, izi zingayambitse hyperglycemia,
• shuga mellitus (chiopsezo cha hyperglycemia)

Tcherani khutu!

• Glucagon ya mahoni samadutsa chotchinga, chifukwa chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwa amayi apakati. Komabe, sizikudziwika ngati mankhwalawo apita mkaka wa mayi, chifukwa chake, munthawi imeneyi, mankhwalawa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala,
• Imawonjezera mphamvu ya anticoagulants osalunjika.

• kusanza ndi kusanza
• thupi lawo siligwirizana
• kukomoka mtima,
• kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Mahomoni a Glucagon amayendetsedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana malinga ndi zovuta zamatenda - pansi pa khungu, minyewa kapena minofu. Gawo louma liyenera kusungunuka mu madzi osungunulira kapena madzi osalala a jakisoni. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito glucagon, malangizowo amayenera kupendedwa mosamala kuti agwirizane ndi mlingo, ndiye kuti:

• Kuletsa hypoglycemia, 1 mg imayendetsedwa kudzera mu intramuscularly. Kutengera zaka, imatsimikizika kuti mugwiritsani ntchito mankhwalawa. Ana ochepera zaka 5 zakubadwa 0,25-0,5 mg, ana azaka 5 mpaka 10 - 0,5-1 mg. Nthawi zambiri, glucagon imayendetsedwa ngati sikutheka kuperekera shuga m'magazi. Ngati njirazi sizinathandize, pambuyo pa mphindi 10 - 15 muyenera kubwereza jakisoni,
• Mukamapereka njira zofufuzira zam'mimba kapena m'mimba, glucogon imathandizidwa ndi 0,5 mg mwamitsempha kapena 2 mg intramuscularly,
• Thupi lachilendo likalowetsa kum'mero, 0,5 mpaka 2 mg m'mitsempha.

Kupanga kwa glucagon wa mahomoni ndi kufunika kwa mankhwala a dzina lomweli

• Kupanga ndi kumanga
• Ntchito zolimbitsa thupi
• Mahomoni wamba
• Zizindikiro zogwiritsidwa ntchito
• Njira zogwiritsira ntchito
• Zotsatira zoyipa
• Contraindication
• Pomaliza

Anthu ena amakhulupirira molakwika kuti glucagon ndi enzyme, chifukwa ntchito zake zimayenderana kwambiri ndi kupukusa chimbudzi, koma kwenikweni ndi chinthu cha chikhalidwe cha mahomoni.

Hormone iyi imawonedwa ngati chotsutsa cha insulin m'thupi la munthu - izi zikutanthauza kuti glucagon amatha kusiyanitsa momwe amagwirira ntchito ndi insulin, ngakhale kuti zochita zawo sizichita wina ndi mnzake.

Homoniyo inapezeka zaka zosakwana zana zapitazo, pafupifupi atangopeza insulin. Mankhwala amakono amagwiritsa ntchito ntchito ziwiri zofunika za mahomoni - diagnostic ndi hyperglycemic, ngakhale ali ndi ntchito zambiri.

Mankhwala ndi mahomoni a polypeptide opangidwa kuchokera ku Prroglucagon. Amapangidwa ndi kapamba, kenaka enzyme yofanana nayo "imadula" preproglucagon kukhala mamolekyulu a glucagon.

Amadziwikanso kuti hormone ya njala komanso chifukwa chomveka, chifukwa zinthu zotsatirazi zimakhudza kapangidwe kake:

• Mulingo wa shuga m'magazi - ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, chizindikiro chofananira kuchokera ku zolandilira chimatumizidwa ku ubongo, chomwe, chimayambitsa kupanga kwa glucagon ndi zikondamoyo, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwake mu plasma ya magazi kangapo. Ndi chiwonjezero ichi chomwe munthu akumva ngati njala.
• Kuchuluka kwa amino acid mu madzi am'magazi, arginine ndi alanine ali ndi vuto lapadera.
• Kugwira ntchito mwamphamvu kwambiri pamlingo wopatsa mphamvu kumatha kupangitsa kuti mahomoni atulutsidwe magazi, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwake nthawi zisanu mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi.

Ntchito yam'mimba yogaya imakhala yosatheka popanda timadzi timeneti, chifukwa ma glucagon oyamba ndi insulin amapangidwa, kenako enzyme yogaya chakudya amatha kuphwanya chakudya chomwe chimayambika.

Madziwo akangolowa m'magazi, amadziwika ndi ma cell a chiwindi ndipo amathandizira kutulutsa shuga m'magazi. Izi zimasunga kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, ntchito zofunika zotsatirazi za glucagon zimadziwika:

• Kutsegula kwa lipid kuwonongeka, komwe kumabweretsa kutsika kwa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi,
• Kuchulukitsa kwa magazi kwa impso,
• Kusintha kwa sodium, kusintha kwa mtima ndi mtima,
• Kukondoweza kwa kutulutsa kwa insulin m'maselo.

Kuphatikiza apo, popanda glucagon, momwe thupi limachitikira panthawi zovuta sizikudziwika. Kutulutsa adrenaline, glucagon nthawi yomweyo imapereka magazi ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose, komwe kumangowononga ntchito ya minofu, komanso kumathandizanso kupezeka kwa oxygen m'misempha ndi minofu.

Kwa magulu amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana, momwe ma hormone amakhalira osiyana:

• Nthawi zonse mu ana a zaka zapakati pa 4 mpaka 14 ndi zokwanira ma piritsi a ma graph 148 pa millilita imodzi yamagazi.
• Akuluakulu, chizolowezi chimachokera pa 20 mpaka 100 ma piritsi pa millilita.

Kutsika kwa mahomoni kungasonyeze kuti palibe enzyme yomwe ikukhudzidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa glucagon. Komanso, chithunzithunzi chofananira chimawonedwa ndi chifuwa chachikulu komanso mutachotsa kapamba.

Miyezi yambiri ya glucagon ikhoza kuwonetsa matenda otsatirawa:

• Hypoglycemia,
• Matenda a shuga
• Kulephera kwina
• Cirrhosis
• Pancreatitis
• Khansa yapakansa
• Kupsinjika kwakukulu, kuvutika m'maganizo,
• Nthawi yogwirira ntchito.

Mwa ana osaposa zaka 14, zotulukapo za kusanthula kwa glucagon, komwe kukhazikika kwake m'madzi am'magazi ndi ofanana ndi zero, amadziwikanso ngati abwinobwino.

Zochita zamankhwala zimawonetsa kuti kukonzekera kwa glucagon kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu ziwiri:

• Chithandizo cha matenda oopsa a hypoglycemic m'malo osagwirizana ndi kulowetsedwa kwa shuga - ngati wodwalayo wapangika pazifukwa zina, otsikira amaphatikizidwa ndi shuga m'magazi a shuga.
• Kukonzekera kuphunzirira m'mimba thirakiti limagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pozindikira matenda am'mimba.

Pochiza matenda a shuga, glucagon ngati protein imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kapangidwe kameneka kamafanana ndi mahomoni, koma kamabisidwa m'matumbo atatha kudya.Mankhwala oterowo amalola kukonzanso modekha kwamiseche yamagazi, ndipo nthawi zina amathetsa kugwiritsa ntchito insulin.

Malangizo omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pakugwiritsira ntchito glucagon akuwonetsa zina zingapo zomwe zingagwiritse ntchito mankhwala a mahomoni:

• Kuphatikiza kwa matenda ashuga ndi hypoglycemia,
• Kuchepetsa cramping pa pachimake m'mimba diverticulosis,
• Kumasula minofu yosalala yamatumbo ndi m'mimba kukonza patency,
• Therapy mankhwalawa monga gawo la chithandizo cha odwala matenda amisala
• Monga othandizira chinthu mu labotore diagnostics.

Mankhwalawa angathe kutumikiridwa movomerezeka, m'mitsempha kapena m'mitsempha. Mukamapereka chithandizo chamankhwala mwadzidzidzi, imangoperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha kapena intramuscularly. Mlingo umatengera zaka komanso mawonekedwe:

• Mlingo wokhazikika ndi 1 mg.
• Mlingo ngati kukonzekera kwothandiza kwa matenda a labotale kuyambira 025 mpaka 2 mg,
• Kwa ana olemera osakwana 25 makilogalamu - pokhapokha ngati akufunika ndi chithandizo chamankhwala mwadzidzidzi komanso ngati palibe njira zina zopumira, 500 μg imayendetsedwa ndipo mkhalidwe umawonedwa kwa mphindi makumi atatu otsatira.

Mahomoni samadutsa chotchinga, chifukwa chake chimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati, koma kuthekera kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kumawerengeredwa kokha ndi dokotala woyenera.

Kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'chiwindi, pambuyo pakupereka mankhwala, chakudya chamaguluga kapena shuga. Mphamvu ya glucose imalimbikitsidwanso chifukwa chotsika mtengo pachangu cha glucagon.

Ndi kudziwa payekha, matupi awo sagwirizana ndi urticaria, kuyabwa, khungu redness, angioedema ndikotheka. Pakhoza kukhala kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, makamaka malire apamwamba. Nthawi zina, mseru ndi kusanza zimadziwika.

Sizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito mahomoni osachiritsika a hypoglycemia osiyanasiyana a etiology, osakwanira aimpso ndi adrenal ntchito. Odwala matendawa ndi amayi apakati ndi omwe amayikidwa pokhapokha moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala.

Glucagon ya mahomoni imagwira ntchito zingapo zofunika mthupi la munthu - popanda iyo, kugwira ntchito kwathunthu kwam'mimba, adrenaline, ndi insulin ndizosatheka. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a mahomoni kumatheka pokhapokha ngati dokotala akuwonetsa kapena kuyang'aniridwa kuchipatala.

1. 
   M.A. Darenskaya, L.I. Kolesnikova und T.P. Bardymova Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga:, LAP Lambert Academic Publishing - M., 2011. - 124 p.
2. 
   Zholondz M.Ya. Kumvetsetsa kwatsopano kwa matenda ashuga. St. Petersburg, yosindikiza nyumba "Doe", masamba 1997,172. Kusindikizidwa kwa buku lomwelo lotchedwa "Diabetes. Kumvetsetsa kwatsopano. ” SPb., Nyumba yosindikiza "Onse", 1999., masamba 224, kufalitsa makope 15,000.
3. 
   Onipko V.D. Buku la odwala matenda ashuga. Makamaka za zofunikira. SPb., Nyumba yofalitsa "Onse", masamba 2001, masamba 192, osatchula kufalitsa. Kubwezeretsanso buku lomwelo lotchedwa Comfortable Life and Diabetes. SPb., Nyumba yofalitsa "Onse", 2002, masamba 157, kufalitsa makope 10,000.

Ndiloleni ndidziwitse. Dzina langa ndi Elena. Ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito ya endocrinologist kwa zaka zoposa 10. Ndikukhulupirira kuti pakadali pano ndili katswiri pantchito yanga ndipo ndikufuna kuthandiza alendo onse omwe amapezeka pamalowo kuti athetse zovuta osati ntchito. Zinthu zonse za tsambalo amazisonkhanitsa ndikuzikonza mosamala kuti athe kufotokoza zambiri zofunikira. Musanagwiritse ntchito zomwe zikufotokozedwa pa webusaitiyi, kufunsana ndi akatswiri ndizofunikira nthawi zonse.

Malangizo apadera a kuvomerezedwa

Gwiritsani ntchito mosamala odwala omwe akukayikira insuloma kapena pheochromocytoma.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti glucagon imagwira ntchito yake pakakhala chiwopsezo cha glycogen m'chiwindi, motero, sichothandiza kwa odwala akamachepetsa zakudya, ndi adrenal insufficiency, komanso hypoglycemia yayitali.

Odwala omwe amatenga beta-blockers, kutchulidwa tachycardia ndi ochepa matenda oopsa poyambitsa glucagon ndikotheka.

Kukhala gulu la ATX:

** Maupangiri a Mankhwala ndi a zidziwitso zokha.Kuti mumve zambiri, chonde onani zomwe akupanga. Osadzilimbitsa, musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala Glucagon, muyenera kufunsa dokotala. EUROLAB sikuti ali ndi vuto pazotsatira zomwe zimadza chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chomwe chatumizidwa pa tsamba. Zomwe zili patsamba lililonse sizilowa m'malo mwa upangiri waudokotala ndipo sizingakhale chitsimikizo cha mankhwala.

Ndimachita chidwi ndi Glucagon? Kodi mukufuna kudziwa zambiri kapena muyenera kukaonana ndi dokotala? Kapena mukufuna kuyesedwa? Mutha kutero pangana ndi adokotala - chipatala Eurolabu nthawi zonse pantchito yanu! Madotolo abwino amayeserera, kukulangizani, kukupatsani chithandizo choyenera ndikupanga matenda. Mukhozanso Itanani dokotala kunyumba . Chipatalachi Eurolabu tsegulani kwa inu nthawi yonse yoyandikira.

** Tcheru! Zomwe zawonetsedwa mu bukhuli zamankhwala ndizothandiza akatswiri azachipatala ndipo siziyenera kukhala chifukwa chodzidziwira nokha. Kufotokozera kwa mankhwala Glucagon amaperekedwa kuti awonetsetse ndipo sanapangidwe kuti akupatseni mankhwala popanda kutenga dokotala. Odwala amafunikira upangiri waluso!

Ngati mukufuna mankhwala ndi mankhwala ena aliwonse, mafotokozedwe awo ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito, chidziwitso cha kapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe amamasulidwe, mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito ndi zoyipa, njira zogwiritsira ntchito, mitengo ndi kuwunika kwa mankhwala, kapena kodi muli ndi mafunso ena ndi malingaliro - tilembereni, tiyesetsa kukuthandizani.

Dzina lachi Latin: glucagon
Code ya ATX: H04AA01
Chithandizo: glucagon
Wopanga: Novo Nordisk, Denmark
Matchuthi ku pharmacy: Ndi mankhwala
Malo osungira: mpaka 25, mdima
Tsiku lotha ntchito: Zaka 2

Malangizo a mankhwalawa akuwonetsa kuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Zizindikiro zogwiritsidwa ntchito

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo akuwonetsedwa motere:

• Chithandizo cha matenda a hypoglycemia (otsika kwambiri m'magazi a shuga) mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga
• Kuti mupeze gawo lothandiza pakuwunika kwa radiology ya kapamba ndi m'mimba thirakiti
• Mankhwala othandizira odwala mankhwalawa.

Kupanga ndi mawonekedwe a kumasulidwa

Mu 1 ampoule No. 666 muli 49 mg wa lactose ndi 1 mg wa glucagon mu mawonekedwe a hydrochloride. Botolo imodzi ya No. 667 - glycerin, phenol (yosungirako) komanso mankhwala othandizira pazomwezi. Botolo imodzi ya 668 ya chinthu chimodzi chomwechi yogwira ntchito zomwezo ndi 140 mg ya lactose. Botolo 1 No. 669 ili ndi 10 mg ya glucagon hydrochloride, glycerol ndi phenol.

White lyophilisate mu ampoules ya dilution ndi madzi osabala. Pa limodzi makonzedwe - 1 mg wa yogwira othandizira + 5 ml ya zosungunulira. Kutulutsanso mawonekedwe - 2 mg ya mankhwala + 5 ml ya zosungunulira kapena 10 mg ya mankhwala ndi 10 ml ya zosungunulira.

Kuchiritsa katundu

Glucagen ili ndi katundu wa hyperglycemic, i.e. - Amawonjezera shuga m'magazi, kukhala wotsutsana ndi insulin. Mankhwala opanga ali ofanana kwathunthu ndi mahomoni achilengedwe mkati mwa thupi la munthu. Hormoni iyi imatha kusokoneza glycogen, kapangidwe kake kamene kamachitika m'chiwindi, kenako kumatulutsidwa m'magazi ngati glucose. Ngati malo ake osungidwa m'chiwindi atha kwambiri, ndiye kuti mankhwalawo sangathandize.

Mankhwalawa ali ndi vuto loipa kwa odwala omwe akhala ndi njala kwa nthawi yayitali, amamwa mowa, komanso odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kusakwanira kwa adrenal. Mankhwalawa ali ndi ntchito yolimbikitsa catecholamines, kuti kuthamanga kwa magazi kuchitika. Komanso, pambuyo pa makonzedwe, kamvekedwe ka minofu yam'mimba imachepa, ma peristalsis amayamba kufooka, omwe pambuyo pake amatha kubweretsa matumbo a m'matumbo ndikuyamba kudzimbidwa.

Pambuyo polowa m'thupi laumunthu, mankhwalawa mothandizidwa ndi enzyme mankhwala amawonongeka minofu, ziwalo ndi madzi a m'magazi.Chilolezo cha Hormonal chimatengera magawo a chiwindi ndi impso mwachindunji. Hafu ya moyo wa thupi ndiyifupi kwambiri, mpaka mphindi zisanu. Ngati mutha kupaka mankhwalawa m'mitsempha, imakhala ndi zotsatira zake zochizira pambuyo pa masekondi 60, ndipo kutalika kwake kumakhala mpaka mphindi 20 motsatana. Ngati glucagon imalowetsedwa mu minofu, ndiye kuti kusintha kwa mankhwalawa kumayamba pang'onopang'ono, mpaka mphindi 10, koma kutalika kwa zotulukazo kumatha mphindi 40.

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito

Mtengo wamba wa mankhwala ku Russia ndi pafupifupi ma ruble 800 pa paketi iliyonse.

Malangizo a Glucagon amawonetsa kuti mulingo woyambira ndi 0,5 IU kapena 1 IU ya mankhwalawa nthawi. Itha kuperekedwa mwachisawawa, kudzera m'mitsempha kapena m'mitsempha. Chowonjezera ndi chakuti pambuyo pa jakisoni ndibwino kudya chakudya chamagulu am'thupi kuti mudzabwezeretsanso m'misika ya glycogen m'chiwindi. Ngati mankhwalawa sathandiza, ndibwino kupaka shuga m'magazi.

Pa nthawi yoyembekezera komanso yoyamwitsa

Ndizotheka, koma mosamala kwambiri, ndikuwongolera kwathunthu momwe wodwalayo alili ndi mwana wosabadwayo kapena khanda.

Contraindication ndi Kusamala

Amayesedwa chifukwa cha kuchepetsedwa kwa shuga mpaka misinkhu yovuta, hypersensitivity kapena kusakwanira kwa ntchito ya adrenal.

Chenjezo - pakati ndi kuyamwa.

Kuchita mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Glucagon ndi wotsutsa insulin. Beta-blockers, akaphatikizidwa, amayambitsa chisokonezo chachikulu cha mtima. Indomethacin amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu m'magazi; zotsatira za warfarin zimawonjezeka ndi munthawi yomweyo.

Zotsatira zoyipa ndi bongo

Anaphylaxis, chidwi kwambiri, kusanza, kunyansidwa ndi kupweteka m'mimba.

Ndi kuyambitsa oposa 1 mg imodzi panthawi - kusanza ndi mseru, kuchepa kwa potaziyamu m'madzi am'magazi. Palibe chithandizo chomwe chikufunika, kungochiritsa mlingo wotsatira.

Novo Nordisk, Denmark

Mtengo wapakati ku Russia - ma ruble 725 phukusi lililonse.

Glucagen HypoKit ili ndi 1 mg wa mankhwala mumabotolo. Ndi mndandanda wathunthu.

• Osotsika mtengo
• Pali zovuta zina.

Eli Lilly East, Switzerland

Mtengo wapakati ku Russia - ma ruble 810 pa paketi iliyonse.

Humulin Regulator - insulin yochepa kwambiri, wotsutsana kwathunthu wa glucagen. Ndikofunikira pakuchepa kwa mahomoni, okhala ndi vuto la hyperglycemia.

Zotsatira za pharmacological

Zolimbitsa thupi insulin. Ili ndi hyperglycemic komanso antispasmodic effect. Amamangirira zigawo zina zapadera zama cell cell (chiwindi, mafupa am'mimba) komanso mosadziwika, kudzera m'mapuloteni a GS, imayambitsa adenylate cyclase, enzyme yomwe imatembenuza ATP ku cAMP, yomwe imapangitsa ntchito ya phosphorylase. Wotsirizirayo amaphwanya glycogen mu chiwindi ndi minofu kuti glucose ndipo inactivates glycogen synthetase, i.e. pali kukondoweza kwa glycogenolysis ndi gluconeogeneis.

M'minyewa ina (myocardium, minofu yosalala), imalimbikitsa miniti II glucagon receptors, imakulitsa kuchuluka kwa intracellular inositol triphosphate, kumachepetsa zomwe zili mu intracellular Ca2 + ndikuthanso minofu yosalala.

Zimayambitsa kupumula kwa minofu yosalala yam'mimba ndi matumbo. Imalimbikitsa kutulutsidwa kwamatumbo. Ili ndi zotsatira zabwino zakunja ndi chronotropic.

Nthawi yakuyamba kwa hyperglycemic kanthu ndi i / v makonzedwe ndi mphindi 5 - 20, ndi i / m makonzedwe - mphindi 15-16, ndi s / c makonzedwe - mphindi 30-55, nthawi yayitali ndi mphindi 90.

Kukhazikika kwa antispasmodic zotsatira ndi i / m makonzedwe ndi mphindi 8-10 (4-7 mphindi pambuyo pa 2 mg), kutalika kwa nthawi kumatengera mlingo ndipo ndi 12-27 mphindi 1 mg, 21-32 mphindi 2 mg. Ndi IV makonzedwe, zotsatira zake zimachitika pambuyo pa 45 sec-1 min, kutalika kwa nthawi ya 0,25-0,5 mg ndi mphindi 9 mpaka 17, pa mlingo wa 2 mg ndi mphindi 22-25.

Hypoglycemia, hypoglycemic coma,

mankhwala owonjezera owunikira kwa X-ray kupenda m'mimba ndi matumbo, angiography, compact tomography, MRI, kuzindikira kutuluka kwa magazi kuchokera m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito maselo ofiira a technetium olembedwa m'magazi, hysterosalpingography,

kuledzera ndi beta-blockers ndi BMCC, kutsekeka kwa kum'mero ​​kwa matupi achilendo, mankhwalawa amathandizira odwala matenda amisala.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Kuchokera mmimba: kukomoka, kusanza.

Kuchokera ku CCC: kuchuluka kwakanthawi kwam kuthamanga kwa magazi, tachycardia.

Thupi lawo siligwirizana: urticaria, bronchospasm, kutsika magazi.

Zina: hypokalemia (kwambiri myasthenia gravis, myalgia, kukokana kwa magulu ena a minofu, amachepetsa chilimbikitso, arrhythmias), kusowa kwamadzi.

Zolemba za chomera chamankhwala

Kodi mphamvu yakuchiritsa ya plantain ndi chiyani? Kodi mungazisonkhanitse bwanji ndipo ndi mitundu yanji ya chomera chomwe mungakolore? Kodi pali vuto lililonse pa mankhwalawa "othandizira" komanso "dokotala" wodziwikirawa?

Chomera chomera ndi "cosmopolitan", chimatha kupezeka m'malo ambiri padziko lapansi - ku Europe, Asia, North Africa ndi America, India. Simudzamuwona pokhapokha ku North North komanso m'chipululu. Amamva bwino kutentha, kutentha kwapansi pamtunda. Ndiwosazindikira, imagwirizana bwino ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu, kuponderezedwa, nthaka yolimba sikusokoneza kukula kwake, chifukwa chake imatha kuwonedwa pafupi ndi misewu. Koma amakondanso malo okhala chinyezi, gawo la m'mphepete mwa nyanja, malo opanda anthu ndi malo otsetsereka, omwe amapezeka pafupipafupi ndi nyumba, m'nyumba zanyengo, m'ma tchire. Chifukwa cha misempha yayitali kutalika kwa tsamba, udzuwu umatchedwa "mzere wamiyala isanu ndi iwiri." Ma inflorescence amamatira mosavuta pazovala za odutsa, mawilo a magalimoto, tsitsi la nyama, motero chomera chimasandutsidwa "woyenda naye". Koma m'chilengedwe mulibe ngozi. Mwanjira imeneyi, mbewu zobzala zimagawidwa.

Balani lanceolate, kapena lanceolate. Plantain ndi utoto. Plantain ndi pafupifupi.

Makhalidwe wamba. Zopangidwa:

Yogwira pophika: 1 mg (1 IU) ya genetically glucagon hydrochloride wopangidwa mu 1 injector.

Omwe amathandizira: lactose monohydrate, madzi a jakisoni (kaphatikizidwe kameneka akuphatikiza ndi hydrochloric acid ndi / kapena sodium hydroxide, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwalawa kusintha pH.

Mitundu ya plantain

Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu 250 ya mbewu. Ambiri omera ndi namsongole osatha. Ambiri aiwo amakhala ndi malo olemekezeka mu pharmacology. "Mchiritsi" wodziwika kwambiri ndi plantain wamkulu. Ndi mitundu ina iti yomwe ingatengedwe ngati mankhwala opangira mankhwala?

• Lanceolate, kapena lanceolate. Mbali yake ndi masamba akuthwa okhala ndi petioles zazitali ndi mitsempha ya pubescent. Mbewuzo zimapanikizidwa, kukanikizidwa kuchokera mkati, ndipo khutu la inflorescence limakhala lakudana poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, imatha kuzika mizu pamalo otsetsereka, imagwirizira kutentha bwino. Wofunika mu wowerengeka mankhwala ndi pharmacology komanso lalikulu plantain.
• Ndi utali. Amadziwikanso kuti utitiri, mchenga, India, wokhazikika. Kodi kutanthauzira kwa nthata ndi chiyani? Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, ndi pachaka chimakhala ndi mtengo wopindika, wautali (mpaka 40 masentimita), womweutali womwe maluwa okongola ngati mitu yopangidwa ndi mazira amakula. Monga mankhwala, mbewu nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, momwe mumakhala nthumbu yambiri, komanso masamba ndi masamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apeze madzi.
• Yapakatikati Adalumphira masamba, pansi petioles, mivi yamaluwa imatha kukula mpaka 50 cm, mbewu ndizoterera mbali imodzi yokha.

M'mayiko ena, mbewu zazikuluzikulu, zokhala ndi nthomba, amazipangira makampani ogulitsa mankhwala. Plantain, kutengera mtundu ndi nyengo yotentha, imayamba kuphuka mu June ndikutha mu Seputembala.

Katundu

Mankhwala GlucaGen ® 1 mg HypoKit imakhala ndi ma protein okhala ndi glucagon protein-peptide, wolimbana ndi insulin yemwe amatenga nawo gawo la kagayidwe kazachilengedwe. Glucagon imathandizira kuchepa kwa glycogen m'chiwindi kuti glucose-6-phosphate (glucogenolysis), zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Glucagon satha ntchito pochiza odwala omwe masitolo ake a chiwindi a glycogen adatha. Pazifukwa izi, glucagon ndiwothandiza kapena wogwira ntchito pokhapokha pochiza odwala pamimba yopanda kanthu kapena odwala omwe ali ndi adrenal insufficiency, hypoglycemia kapena hypoglycemia yoperewera chifukwa chakumwa mowa.

Mosiyana ndi adrenaline, glucagon sichikhudza phosphorylase ya minofu motero sangathe kuyendetsa kayendedwe ka chakudya kuchokera m'matumbo otupa kwambiri m'masitolo a glycogen.

Glucagon imalimbikitsa kutulutsidwa kwa makatekodi. Pamaso pa glucagon, chotupacho chimatha kuyambitsa kuchuluka kwa ma catecholamines, omwe amachititsa kuchuluka kwambiri kwa magazi.

Glucagon imachepetsa mphamvu ya minofu yosalala ya m'mimba.

Zochita za mankhwalawa zimayamba mphindi 1 pambuyo pakupaka jekeseni, nthawi ya mankhwalawa ndi mphindi 5 mpaka 20, kutengera mlingo ndi chiwalo.

Kuchita kwa mankhwalawa kumayamba mphindi 5-15 pambuyo pa jekeseni wamitsempha ndipo kumatenga mphindi 10 mpaka 40, kutengera mlingo ndi chiwalo.

Mankhwalawa kwambiri glucagon zotsatira zamagazi magazi nthawi zambiri amawona mkati Mphindi 10.

Pharmacokinetics Kuchuluka kwa kagayidwe kakang'ono ka glucagon mwa anthu pafupifupi 10 ml / kg / min. Glucagon imapangidwira modabwitsa m'madzi a m'magazi komanso m'magulu omwe amagawidwa. Malo akuluakulu a glucagon metabolism ndi chiwindi ndi impso, chopereka cha chiwalo chilichonse pachimodzimodzi ndi 30%. Hafu ya moyo wa glucagon ndi mphindi 3-6.

Khalidwe la botanical

Zomera. Chithunzi cha Botanical kuchokera ku buku la H. H. Schubert "Naturgeschichte des Pflanzenreichs".

Kodi ndimaoneka bwanji? Mwana aliyense amadziwa bwino mbewu iyi. Palibe chifukwa chofotokozera mwatsatanetsatane za mankhwala. Ndipo, ngati mungagwiritse ntchito mawu oti "botanical", "chithunzi" chidzabweretsa zotsatirazi:

• Muzu: wamfupi, wamtali ndi woonda, wokhala ndi mpweya wabwino, wophukira,
• Masamba: Wophatikizidwa mu rosette yoyambira, yopyapyala, yowotcha, yosalala, ndi petioles zazitali,
• Maluwa: opezeka pachifuwa cha bulaketi, laling'ono, lofiirira, mtundu wa inflorescence wokhala ngati nthongo yayitali, ndipo phesi lolunjika la maluwa (muvi) limatha kutalika mpaka 15 mpaka 30 cm,
• zipatso: mu mawonekedwe a bokosi lalikulu-lalikulu, lomwe limatseguka.

Udzu wa Plantain umayamikiridwa ndi masamba, inflorescence, mbewu ndi mizu. Zomwe amapeza ndizophatikiza izi zimachitika nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Masamba ambiri amakololedwa.

• Kutolere. Masamba amatha kukolola kuyambira Meyi mpaka Ogasiti, mpaka atayamba kutembenukira chikaso. Kukolola mwatsopano mutatha kumata; kumachitika mu Ogasiti ndi Seputembala. Masamba amadulidwa kapena kutchetchera, kenako ndi zinthu zosaphika. Sungani plantain tikulimbikitsidwa pokhapokha nyengo yowuma. Izi ndichifukwa choti mbewu zochokera ku chinyezi zimakutidwa ndi ntchofu ndipo izi zimawonongeka msanga. Ndikofunikanso kubudula chomera chomwe chili pamalo achilengedwe. Ngati muzu wa chidebe ukufunika, umakumbidwa mosamala ndikutulutsa pamodzi ndi tsinde ndi masamba, wotsukidwa bwino ndikuwuma. Bwino kukolola mu kugwa.
• Kuyanika Wowuma mu vivo. Pachifukwa ichi, ma canopies, ma attics, malo omwe atsekedwa ndi mpweya wabwino ndi oyenera. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyika masamba osalala ndi matayala kuti asatchinjirize. Momwe mungadziwire kukonzeka kwa zopangira? Ngati petioles ikasweka, ndiye kuti itha kunyamulidwa ndikusiyidwa kuti isungidwe.
• Kusunga. Zipangizozo zimayikidwa m'matumba a nsalu, zimatetezedwa ku dzuwa ndi chinyezi. Itha kusungidwa kwa zaka ziwiri.

Kuphatikiza pa kuyanika, masamba amatha kuzizira ndikuwanyamula m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, mphamvu zonse zakuchiritsa za zitsamba zimasungidwa. Koma ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Mbewu zimakololedwa kwathunthu, kuyambira mu Ogasiti mpaka kumapeto kwa Okutobala.

Zizindikiro zogwiritsidwa ntchito:

Mikhalidwe yambiri ya hypoglycemic (glucose wotsika wamagazi) yomwe imapezeka mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo atatha jakisoni wa insulin kapena mapiritsi a hypoglycemic.

Pozindikira: Kukakamira kwam'mimba thirakiti pakamayesedwa ndi endoscopy ndi radiology.

Zomwe Mungagwiritse Ntchito:

Mimba komanso kuyamwa.Glucagon samadutsa chotchinga chamunthu. Zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito shuga mu azimayi oyembekezera omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga sizitanthauza zovuta zilizonse pakubala komanso thanzi la mwana wosabadwa komanso wakhanda.

Glucagon imatulutsidwa mwachangu kuchokera m'magazi (makamaka kudzera m'chiwindi, T1 / 2 = 3-6 min), kotero kuchuluka kwa glucagon komwe kumatuluka mkaka wa amayi mutagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwambiri hypoglycemia ndi yochepa kwambiri. Popeza glucagon amawonongeka m'matumbo amtumbo ndipo, motero, samamwetsa osasinthika, alibe mphamvu ya metabolic kwa mwana.

Mankhwalawa kwambiri hypoglycemic zinthu. Wodwalayo akayambanso kudziwa, kuti aletse kukonzanso kwa hypoglycemia, ayenera kupatsidwa chakudya chopatsa thanzi kuti akabwezeretse malo ogulitsira a glycogen m'chiwindi.

Kupeza ntchito. Odwala omwe amathandizidwa ndi glucagon pokhudzana ndi njira zodziwira matendawa amatha kukhala osasangalala, makamaka ngati njirazo zimachitidwa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Pali malipoti a milandu ya hypoglycemia ndi kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi pazinthu izi. Mukamaliza kupeza njira yodziwitsira, odwala osala kudya ayenera kupatsidwa chakudya chopatsa mphamvu ngati izi zikugwirizana ndi njira yoyesera yomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito. Ngati ndi kotheka pambuyo pa kufufuza kapena vuto lalikulu la hypoglycemia, mtsempha wamagazi angafunike.

Glucagon ndi wotsutsana ndi insulin, ndipo ayenera kusamala pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a GlucaGen ® 1 mg HypoKit odwala omwe ali ndi insulinoma komanso glucagon.

Chenjezo liyeneranso kuchitika mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a GlucaGen ® 1 mg HypoKit ngati njira yothandiza popanga njira ya endoscopic kapena radiographic mwa odwala matenda a shuga kapena odwala okalamba omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima.

GlucaGen ® 1 mg HypoKit sayenera kuperekedwa ngati kulowetsedwa kwa mtsempha.

Botolo lokhala ndi GlucaGen ® ikukonzekera ili ndi chipewa cha pulasitiki, chomwe chimayenera kuchotsedwa musanakonze yankho.

Osagwiritsa ntchito yankho lokonzekera ngati ali ndi mawonekedwe osasintha a gel kapena ngati pali tinthu tosatulutsa.

Kukopa pa kuthekera kuyendetsa ma transp. Wed Ndi ubweya. Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi mphamvu ya mankhwalawa pa kuyendetsa magalimoto kapena magwiridwe antchito sanapangidwe. Popeza pali malipoti a milandu ya hypoglycemia atazindikira njira zoyendetsera matenda, kuyendetsa galimoto kuyenera kupewedwa kufikira wodwala atadya zakudya zopatsa mphamvu.

Ntchito ndi mlingo

Zochizira hypoglycemia, akulu ndi ana omwe ali ndi thupi lolemera zoposa 20 makilogalamu - 0,5-1 mg s / c, v / m kapena / v. Ana olemera osakwana 20 makilogalamu - 0,5 mg (20-30 mcg / kg). Pakadutsa mphindi 15 mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito koyamba, maboma awiri kapena awonjezera muyezo womwewo ndiotheka.

Pophunzira m'mimba - 0,5 mg i / v kapena 2 mg i / m, pophunzira kolonayo - 2 mg i / m mphindi 10 njira isanachitike.

Kulowetsedwa ndi othandizira oletsa beta-adrenergic - mu / kulowetsedwa pamtunda wa 5-150 μg / kg, ndiye mu / mwakuchepa, kuthamanga kwa 1-5 mg / h.

Intoxication BMKK - kamodzi, mkati /, pa mlingo wa 2 mg, makonzedwe okonza amasankhidwa payekha kutengera momwe wodwalayo alili.

Mitundu yachilendo yotchinga kwa esophagus - iv, 0.5-2 mg (ngati kuli kotheka, mobwerezabwereza pambuyo pa mphindi 10-12).

Asanakhazikitsidwe, glucagon imasungunuka ndi zosungunulira zomwe zimaperekedwa, sizigwiritsidwa ntchito popanga 1 mg / ml, ngati glucagon imayendetsedwa mu Mlingo wopitilira 2 mg, umaphatikizidwa ndi madzi osalala a jekeseni.

Mogwirizana ndi mankhwala ena:

Potengera maziko a beta-blockers, kuyambitsidwa kwa mankhwala GlucaGen ® 1 mg HypoKit kumatha kuyambitsa tachycardia yayikulu komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Insulin: Kuchita kwa glucagon ndikosemphana ndi zochita za insulin (insulin glucagon antagonist).

Indomethacin: ikagwiritsidwa ntchito palimodzi, glucagon imatha kutaya kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi komanso ngakhale kupangitsa hypoglycemia.

Warfarin: ikagwiritsidwa ntchito palimodzi, glucagon imatha kupititsa patsogolo zotsatira za anticoagulant warfarin.

Bongo

Ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo GlucaGen ® 1 mg HypoKit, nseru, kusanza, tachycardia, ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi.

Mankhwalawa ndi chizindikiro. Kuwunikira pafupipafupi kwamapazi a potaziyamu ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, kuwongolera ndikofunikira. Kugwiritsa ntchito komanso kusathandiza. Pankhani ya kusanza, kupewanso madzi ndi kubwezeretsanso kwa potaziyamu.

Malo osungira:

GlucaGen ® (mu mawonekedwe a ufa) iyenera kusungidwa pa kutentha osaposa 25 ° C. Osamasula kuti musawononge syringe. Botolo lomwe lili ndi mankhwalawa GlukaGen ® liyenera kusungidwa m'malo amdima. Yankho lomaliza la mankhwalawa GlucaGen ® 1 mg HypoKit liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mukangokonzekera. Musasungire yankho lakonzedwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito pambuyo pake. Pewani kufikira ana. Moyo wa alumali: l Iophilisate - zaka 2, zosungunulira - zaka zitatu. Osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa tsiku lotha ntchito likusonyezedwa pa phukusi.

Malo opumulira:

1 mg wa lyophilisate mu Mbale wathunthu ndi zosungunulira mu 1 ml kutaya syringes.

1 botolo limodzi ndi lyophilisate ufa (lyophilisate) ndi 1 syringe ndi solvent mu pulasitiki.

Nambala yolembetsa: P No. 015125/01

Dzina la malonda:
GlucaGen ® 1 mg HypoKit (GlucaGen ® 1 mg HypoKit)

Dziko Lopanda Zoyenera (mNn):
Glucagon

Mlingo
Lyophilisate yankho la jakisoni

Othandizira
lactose monohydrate, madzi a jakisoni. (Kuphatikizikako kungaphatikizeponso hydrochloric acid ndi / kapena sodium hydroxide, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala pakusintha kwa pH).

Kufotokozera
Lophophized ufa kapena porous unyinji wa mtundu woyera. Mukasungunuka mu solvent yoperekedwa kwa 1 min, mawonekedwe osavuta, opanda mtundu.

Gulu la Pharmacotherapeutic
Wothandizira zochizira hypoglycemia.

Code ya ATX : H04AA01.

Zoyipa:

Hypersensitivity kwa glucagon kapena chinthu china chilichonse cha mankhwala, hyperglycemia, pheochromocytoma

Gwiritsani ntchito pa nthawi yoyembekezera komanso mkaka wa m`mawere

GlucaGen simadutsa chotchinga cha anthu ndipo chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza hypoglycemia nthawi yapakati. Popereka mankhwala pakumwa yoyamwitsa, panalibe chiopsezo kwa mwanayo.

Mlingo ndi makonzedwe

Kukonzekera jakisoni, 1 mg (1 ME) ya lyophilisate imasungunuka 1 ml ya solvent. Njira yothetsera vutoli imatha kuperekedwa mosavuta, kudzera m'mitsempha kapena m'mitsempha. Mu mtundu uwu wa mankhwalawa, GlucaGen 1 mg HypoKit imayang'aniridwa pang'onopang'ono kapena kudzera m'mitsempha. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwalawa ndi achipatala

1 mg imayendetsedwa (kwa akulu ndi ana olemera kupitirira 25 kg kapena zaka 6-8) kapena 0,5 mg (kwa ana olemera osakwana 25 kg kapena ochepera wazaka 6-8) subcutaneally, intramuscularly kapena intrarally. Wodwala nthawi zambiri amakumbukiranso mkati mwa mphindi 10 pambuyo pakupereka mankhwala. Wodwalayo akayambanso kudziwa, ayenera kupatsidwa chakudya chamagulu azakudya kuti aletse kukonzanso kwa hypoglycemia. Ngati wodwala sakuchira mphindi 10, ayenera kupaka jakisoni m'mitsempha. Kupereka mankhwala kwa wodwala ndi abale ake kapena achibale ake omwe akudwala matenda a shuga ayenera kudziwa kuti akapezeka ndi vuto lalikulu la matenda ena, ayenera kuthandizidwa. Wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga atayamba kudwala kwambiri hypoglycemia ndipo sangathe kudya shuga, achibale kapena abwenzi ayenera kumpatsa jakisoni wa GlucaGen 1 mg HypoKit. 1 mg (achikulire ndi ana omwe ali ndi thupi lolemera kuposa 25 makilogalamu) kapena 0,5 mg (ana omwe ali ndi thupi lolemera zosakwana 25 kg kapena ochepera zaka 6-8) amathandizidwa mosadukiza kapena kumtunda kwakunja kwa minofu ya ntchafu.Wodwala nthawi zambiri amakumbukiranso mkati mwa mphindi 10 pambuyo pakupereka mankhwala. Wodwalayo akayambanso kuzindikira, amafunika kupatsidwa shuga kuti aletse kukonzanso kwa hypoglycemia. Odwala onse omwe ali ndi hypoglycemia yayikulu amafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala.

1. Chotsani kapu ya malalanje m'botolo ndi nsonga ya singano ku syringe,

2. Vomerezani chotchinga cha mavitamini chomwe chili ndi singano ya GlucaGen ndi singano, ndikufikitsa madzi onse mu syringe mu vial.

3. Popanda kuchotsa singano mu vial, gwedezani pang'ono vial mpaka kukonzekera kwa GlucaGen kusungunuke kwathunthu ndipo yankho lomveka lipangidwe.

4. Onetsetsani kuti piston yatembenukiratu mtsogolo. Thirani yankho lonse mu syringe. Iyenera kuyang'aniridwa
kuti piston isatuluke mu syringe.

5. Tulutsani mpweya ku syringe ndikupanga jakisoni.

Zotsatira zoyipa ndizovuta kwambiri. Kuchokera pamimba: Nthawi zina mseru ndi kusanza zitha kuchitika, makamaka ndi mankhwala osaposa 1 mg, kapena kuyamwa mwachangu mankhwala (osakwana mphindi 1). Kuchokera pamtima wamtima: tachycardia yochepa, kuchepa kwa magazi kwakanthawi.

Kuchokera ku chitetezo chathupi: hypersensitivity, kuphatikizapo anaphylactic mantha.

Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala a GlucaGen sizinalembedwe. Ngati wodwala akumana ndi zovuta zina, kuphatikiza zomwe sizinatchulidwe pamwambapa, koma m'malingaliro ake chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa GlucaGen 1 mg HypoKit, ayenera kudziwitsa dokotala za nkhaniyi.

Lembani ndemanga yanu

Glucagon ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso othandizira, mahomoni omwe amapangidwa ndi ma cell a pancreatic alpha, omwe amatchedwa a zokhudza thupi insulin antagonist. Zimapezeka kuchokera ku kapamba ka ng'ombe, komanso nkhumba ndi mainjini. Imayimiriridwa ndi ufa wamakristalo oyera, womwe umakhala wopanda madzi.

Pharmacological zochita za glucagon

Hormone Glucagon imakhala ndi vuto la hyperglycemic, komanso imapangitsa antispasmodic. Amamangirira zigawo zina za ma cell ofunikira ndikuyambitsa enzyme adenylate cyclase, yomwe imatembenuza ATP mwachindunji kwa cAMP, kudzera m'mapuloteni, imawonjezera ntchito ya phosphorylase, yomwe imaphwanya glycogen m'misempha ndi chiwindi ku glucose.

Ndi jakisoni wa mu mnofu, kuphatikiza kwakukulu kumachitika pambuyo pa mphindi 13, ndi jekeseni wa subcutaneous - pambuyo pa mphindi 20. Amapukusidwa m'madzi a m'magazi, m'chiwindi, impso, komanso m'ziwalo zina panthawi ya proteinol. Amathira mkodzo. Kutha kwa theka la moyo kumasiyana kuyambira mphindi zitatu mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi.

Hyperglycemic mmene amapezeka mphindi 520 pambuyo kulowetsedwa mtsempha - mphindi 15, pambuyo subcutaneous - theka la ora, zotsatira kumatenga mpaka mphindi makumi asanu ndi anayi. Mphamvu ya antispasmodic imachitika masekondi makumi anayi mphambu asanu atatha jekeseni wamkati, patatha jakisoni wongochitika patatha mphindi zisanu ndi zitatu.

Chidachi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira, pofufuza njira ya X-ray ya kugaya chakudya ndi bariamu. Pali umboni wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwa glucagon pakugwedeza mankhwala kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amisala.

Chipangizocho chikuwonetsedwa kuti chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi vuto la hypoglycemic, komanso chifukwa cha kukomoka kwa hypoglycemic.

Pakati pa zotsutsana ndi glucagon, chidwi chowonjezereka chitha kuzindikirika, mankhwalawa sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa hyperglycemia, pamaso pa insulinoma, popeza zimachitika modabwitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi pheochromocytoma, apo ayi, kutulutsidwa kwa ma catecholamine m'magazi kudzalimbikitsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi azitha.

Glucagon sichidutsa chotchinga, chifukwa chake, mankhwalawa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwa amayi apakati pochiza kwambiri hypoglycemia, koma atakumana ndi katswiri.

Zotsatira zoyipa za Glucagon

Ndilemba mavuto omwe wodwala angakumane nawo poyankha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zili ndi izi: nseru zimayamba, zomwe zimatha kusanza, tachycardia joins, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuphatikiza, kufooka kwamadzi kumachitika, ndipo hypokalemia imatsimikizidwanso mu labotale (kuchepa potaziyamu m'magazi).

Kuphatikiza pazotsatira zoyipa, wodwalayo amakumana ndi vuto loyipa, lomwe limafotokozedwa ngati kukhuthala pakhungu, kuyabwa, urticaria, matenda a bronchospasm samachotsedwa, komanso, m'malo ovuta kwambiri, kugwedezeka kwa anaphylactic kumachitika mwa munthu, komwe kumafunikira chithandizo chamthawi yomweyo .

Pakakhala mankhwala ochulukirapo a glucagon, wodwalayo amatha kusanza kosatha, kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi kumachitika, zizindikiro za hypokalemia zidzachitika, zomwe zidzafotokozeredwa ndikuphwanya mtima, minyewa yofowoka yamtundu wanenedwe iwonjezeredwa, kuphatikiza, kupweteka m'misempha, komanso kugwedezeka kwamphamvu sikusiyidwa, zomwe idzadziwika m'magulu amtundu uliwonse.

Kugwiritsa ntchito shuga :: Mlingo wa glucagon

Kukonzekera kwa glucagon kumathandizira kudzera m'mitsempha, munjira ina, kuphatikizira, intramuscularly, pomwe mlingo umafanana ndi 0,5-1 mg, kutengera thupi la munthu. Ngati ndi kotheka, mankhwalawa amabwerezedwa pambuyo pa mphindi khumi ndi ziwiri.

Glucagon imawonjezera achire zotsatira za anticoagulants. Poyerekeza ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka beta-blockers, kukula kwa tachycardia, komanso kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa magazi, titha kuzindikira. Mankhwala propranolol amachepetsa mphamvu ya hyperglycemic.

Glucagon sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa odwala omwe athetsa nkhokwe za glycogen mu chiwindi. Chifukwa chake, mankhwalawa ndi osathandiza kwa anthu omwe akutsatira njira zochizira, odwala omwe ali ndi hypoglycemia, komanso chifukwa cha kusakwanira kwa adrenal.

Pambuyo pokhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwala opangidwa ndi glucagon m'thupi la wodwalayo, amafunika kuwunika momwe magazi amathandizira.

Zokonzekera zomwe zimakhala ndi glucagon (analogues)

The glucagon yogwira mankhwala ili ndi mankhwala omwewo, kuphatikiza apo, amapezeka mu mankhwala GlucaGen ndi HypoKit, amasulidwa mu lyophilisate, pomwe njira yothetsera jakisoni idakonzedwa. Ndikofunikira kuzigwiritsa ntchito tsiku lisanathe, lomwe lingawoneke pabokosi limodzi ndi mankhwalawo.

Tidakambirana za momwe ndi mankhwala a hypoglycemic coma amathandizira - chithandizo cha glucagon. Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito ndalama omwe amaphatikizira izi mosakayikira amapeza ogwiritsa ntchito omwe ali ndi zotsutsana nawo. Kuchiza ndi mankhwala okhala ndi glucagon kuyenera kuchitika potsatira malingaliro a dokotala woyenera. Zotsatira zoyipa zilizonse zikachitika, munthuyo ayenera kufunsa katswiri wodziwa bwino.

• 1 ampoule a shuga 660 okhala ndi 1 mg glucagon hydrochloridendi 49 mg lactose,
• 1 ampoule 667 okonzekera pamwambapa omwe ali ndi 1 mg glucagon hydrochloride1 ml ya 1.6% yankho glycerin ndi yankho la 2% ngati chosungira,
• 1 ampoule 668 mwa kukonzekera kumene ali ndi 1 mg glucagon hydrochloride ndi 140 mg lactose ,
• 1 ampoule 669 a mankhwala omwe ali pamwambawa ali ndi 10 mg glucagon hydrochloride ndi 1 ml ya 1.6% yankho ndi 2% yankho phenol.

Tsiku lotha ntchito:

Zaka 2 Osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa tsiku lotha ntchito likusonyezedwa pa phukusi.

Gulu la matenda

• Hypoglycemia yosadziwika
• Kuzindikira matenda ammimba

• Zosatchulidwa. Onani malangizo

• Kuzindikira
• Hyperglycemic

• Glucagon ndi mawonekedwe ake

Lyophilisate yankho la jakisoni Glucagon (Glucagon)

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa

• Zizindikiro zogwiritsidwa ntchito
• Kutulutsa Fomu
• Pharmacodynamics wa mankhwala
• Pharmacokinetics wa mankhwala
• Contraindication
• Zotsatira zoyipa
• Mlingo ndi makonzedwe
• Malangizo apadera a kuvomerezedwa
• Malo osungira

Kuchiritsa

Kodi chofunikira kwambiri ndi chiyani popanga mankhwala azikhalidwe komanso mankhwala achilendo?

• Machiritso a plantain muzu. Muzu mumakhala zinthu zomwe zimapereka analgesic, anti-kutupa kwenikweni. Chifukwa chake, kulowetsedwa ndi mowa tincture kuchokera muzu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupweteka kwameno, matenda a periodontal. Komanso mu herbalists mutha kupeza njira yothandizira ma tinctures pa vinyo wofiira kuchokera ku muzu wa plantain, yemwe waledzera ndi matenda a herpes. Chida chimagwiritsidwa ntchito panja mwanjira zokhala ndi zotulutsa kuti zithetsere kuzungulira.
• Mphamvu zochiritsa masamba a masamba. Anthu omwe ali kutali ndi mankhwala azikhalidwe komanso mankhwala azachipatala amadziwa kuti tsamba lamasamba ndiyo njira yoyamba yoletsa kutaya magazi ndi mabala ndi zikanga. Ndi antiseptic achilengedwe. Amayikidwa mabala lonse kapena lophwanyika ndipo umayikidwa bandeji. Masamba a chomerachi ndi apadera pakapangidwe kazakudya: ali ndi ma phytoncides, potaziyamu, glycosides, ma enzymes, alkaloids, ma resini, ma organic acids, flavonoids, polysaccharides, carbohydrate, mapuloteni, steroid ndi tannins, chlorophyll, komanso carotene, vitamini C ndi K.
• Mphamvu zakuchiritsa za mbewu. Amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha zomwe zimakhala ndizofunikira zamafuta, zovuta za organic (makamaka saponins), ntchofu, ndi oleic acid. Mu pharmacology, amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi masamba.

Zotsatira zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala:

• kuchiritsa bala
• antiseptic
• antiellgic,
• enveloping
• emollient
• sedative
• woyembekezera
• zachinsinsi
• wopatsa chidwi
• kusinthika
• odana ndi yotupa
• bactericidal
• bronchodilator,
• wodwala matenda ashuga
• hypotensive (kutsitsa magazi),
• kubwezeretsa.

Mndandanda wazowonetsa ndi zotsutsana

Kodi zikuwonetsa chiyani kuti mankhwalawa ayamba? Kodi chomerachi chitha kuvulaza thupi?

• Ziwalo zopumira. Uwu ndi njira yoyamba yakutsokomola kwa chimfine, chimfine, Sars, bronchitis ndi chibayo, tracheitis ndi laryngitis. Imayimitsanso hemoptysis ndi chifuwa chachikulu, imathandizira kutsokomola kwa chifuwa cha pertussis, ndipo imagwira ntchito imodzi ngati expectorant, enveloping ndi anti-kutupa. Pukusira bwino ndikuchotsa makulidwe.
• Ziwalo zogaya. Mankhwala odziwika bwino a gastritis yotsika acidity, zilonda zam'mimba ndi zilonda zam'mimba. Amathandizanso matenda a ndulu ndi matumbo, amathandizanso colic, kukokana ndi colitis ndi enterocolitis, ngati othandizira, choleretic. Imathandizira ndi kamwazi, imagwiranso ntchito pachakudya ndi chimbudzi chonse.
• Njira yamkodzo. Zilibe ntchito kwa mankhwala a mankhwala oyamba kusankha matenda a impso ndi chikhodzodzo. Komabe, ndizopindulitsa kwa polyuria, nocturnal enuresis.
• Kupenda. Zimakhudza kagayidwe ka cholesterol, imalimbikitsa njira za metabolic, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a shuga, kunenepa kwambiri, komanso kuyeretsa thupi la poizoni ndi poizoni.
• Ntchito yakunja. Amagwira osati mabala okha, komanso zilonda zam'mimba, zithupsa, zotupa za khungu, phlegmon, lichen, ziphuphu, zilonda zam'mimba, erysipelas, kulumidwa ndi tizirombo ndi njoka. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutsuka mkamwa ndi mmero mu mano ndi otolaryngology. Mankhwalawa amathandizanso kutupa, kuvulala kwamaso.
• Tonic komanso sedative. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kutopa kwambiri, kuchepa mphamvu, kusowa tulo, mitsempha, kusokonekera. Kuvomerezedwa kuteteza kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, kuchepa kwa vitamini, matenda a anorexia.
• Analgesic komanso hypotensive. Imachepetsa khutu, kupweteka mutu komanso mano. Amachepetsa kupanikizika ndi matenda oopsa, amachotsa kufooka, amakhala ndi phindu pa kugwira ntchito kwa mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi.
• Gynecology Plantain ndiwothandiza kwa azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda amisala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunjaku kuti agwiritse ntchito potupa, mankhwalawa akakula khomo pachibelekeropo, udzu umathandizira kuti thupi lizisinthanso mwachangu.Mkati, amatengedwa ngati wothandizira kutulutsa magazi mu chiberekero (kumapangitsa chidwi cha magazi).

Mankhwala wowerengeka, chomera ichi chimaperekedwa ngati chothandizira antitumor. Ndikovuta kuteteza kapena, kutsutsana ndi njira yothandizirayi. Palibe umboni wasayansi wakuchita bwino kwake, komabe, pali ndemanga za milandu yakuchiritsidwa kwa khansa yam'mimba ndi matumbo munthawi ya chithandizo chamatenda. Amakhulupiriranso kuti chida chimathandizira ndi zotupa zakunja zoyipa. Nthawi zambiri, madzi amadzimadzi amatengedwa kuti athandizidwe.

Mndandanda wa contraindication: chilichonse chowonjezera cha matenda am'mimba, matenda amtundu wa gastritis omwe amawonjezera katulutsidwe, matenda a magazi, thrombophlebitis, matupi awo sagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a zotupa, kuyabwa, kutupa, kufupika. Zotsatira zoyipa zimatha kuchitika mwazizindikiro monga izi: nseru, kusanza, chizungulire, kutsekula m'mimba, kukokana kwam'mimba. Ngati atapezeka, muyenera kusiya kupita kukaonana ndi dokotala.

Kugwiritsa ntchito pharmacology ndi mankhwala achikhalidwe

Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito plantain officinalis munjira zamankhwala ndi chikhalidwe ndi chiyani? Mu pharmacy mutha kugula mankhwala kuchokera pazinthu zofunikira. Koma muthanso kuphika ma decoctions, kulowetsedwa, tincture wa mowa, madzi atsopano kunyumba.

Chinyengo ndi kulowetsedwa

Zina mwa ntchito:

• A decoction of inflorescences is a good painkiller, relieves matumbo colic, m'mimba kukokana.
• Kulowetsedwa kuchokera muzu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati painkiller, mankhwala a antitumor, imathandiziranso kuzizira ndi chifuwa chachikulu.
• Ngati nettle ikuwonjezeredwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa masamba a plantain, othandizira olimbitsa thupi atengedwa (amaledzera mkati ndi hemorrhoidal, uterine, nosebleeds).
• Olimba, kulowetsedwa infusions umagwiritsidwa ntchito kunja, ntchito mabala, kuchitira zilonda zam'mimba.

Kukonzekera kwa kulowetsedwa

1. Thirani kapu yamadzi otentha.
2. Kuumirira 2 hours.

Tengani mawonekedwe opsinjika a 2 tbsp. l Mphindi 30 asanadye. Kulowetsedwa kumakhala kopindulitsa pa gastritis, zilonda zam'mimba, kutupa kwamatumbo, komanso matenda a bronchi ndi mapapu.

Kukonzekera kwa msuzi wa plantain

1. Tengani 1 tbsp. l masamba owuma.
2. Thirani kapu yamadzi otentha.
3. Kuumirira theka la ola.
4. Zovuta.

Msuzi ukhoza kuledzera mu mlingo waukulu - ¼ chikho 4 pa tsiku.

Kukonzekera tincture wa mowa

1. Tengani zidutswa ziwiri za tsamba latsopano.
2. Thirani gawo limodzi la vodika.
3. Gwedezani bwino.
4. Khazikitsani masabata atatu mu chidebe chagalasi.
5. Zovuta.

Chida amatengedwa yaying'ono Mlingo - 1 tsp. chakudya chisanachitike. Kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuchepetsa matendawa, kumaletsa magazi kutuluka.

Madzi ndi Masamba Atsopano

Madzi a Plantain amatanthauza antibacterial wothandizira. Amatha kuletsa kukula kwa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda atangoyamba kumene. Imalimbana ndi staphylococcus, streptococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli. Amaperekanso chilonda champhamvu pochiritsa, imayimitsa njira zachinyengo, zimathandizira kukula kwakuzunguliridwa ndi kusinthika kwa minofu. Maphikidwe a madzi otsekemera ndi mazira oyera - njira yodziwika yootcha. Madzi atsopano omwe amakhala ndi gruel amamuyika mabala ndi mabala.

Kukonzekera kwa chisakanizo chatsopano chomera

1. Tengani 3 tbsp. l Masamba atsopano ndi madzi.
2. Onjezani 3 tbsp. l wokondedwa.
3. Ikani chitseko chotsekedwa.
4. Limbikani m'malo otentha kwa maola 4.

Tengani 1 tbsp. supuni theka la ola musanadye, osambitsidwa ndi madzi. Chida chimatengedwa popewa komanso kuchiza zotupa zoyipa. Makamaka imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta odzola.

Kuphika Khunyu Wam'madzi

1. Tengani zofanana masamba osweka ndi masamba.
2. Ikani zosakaniza mumtsuko wosawilitsidwa mu zigawo.
3. Mtsuko watsekedwa ndikuumirira madzi 2 miyezi m'malo abwino.
4. Mankhwala okonzeka amasungidwa mufiriji.

Tengani 1 tsp. katatu patsiku.

Kodi chimathandizira kulowetsedwa kwa nthangala? Imakhala ngati kufewetsa, kuvundikira, mankhwala odana ndi kutupa. Chofunikira kwambiri m'mbewuzo ndi ntchofu.Imakhala ndi zotsatirapo zabwino pakapumidwe, komanso pa mgumbo, komanso pakubala. Ndi bwino kumwa ndi chifuwa, zotupa, kudzimbidwa, gout, makamaka ndi matenda ashuga. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti hemorrhoids, kulowetsedwa kwa mbewu kumakhala kozizira. Kodi mbewu zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji?

• Bzalani mbeu zosabereka. Chipangizocho chimakhudzana ndikupanga mahomoni achikazi ndipo chimasintha kayendedwe ka msambo. Amawalembera osabereka chifukwa cha kusowa kwazira.
• Bzalani mbeu za abambo. Amawalembera limodzi ndi zitsamba zina chifukwa chobala amuna. Mbewu zimakulitsa umuna. Njira ya chithandizo ndi yayitali.
• Mukakhosomola. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito posakaniza ndi masamba, koma pakuchiritsa kwakukulu, kulowetsedwa kwa mbewu imodzi kukonzekera.
• Ntchito yakunja. Gruel wochokera ku nthanga zonyowa amamuyika mabala komanso malo okhudzidwa ndi khungu.

Kukonzekeretsa decoction ya mbewu

1. Tengani 1 tbsp. l mbewu.
2. Thirani ½ chikho madzi otentha.
3. Sungani madzi osamba kwa mphindi 5.
4. Kuumirira mpaka ozizira.

Sefa musanagwiritse ntchito, imwani 2 tbsp. l pamaso chakudya chilichonse. Ndikulimbikitsanso kumwa msuzi wosatetezedwa ndi mbewu m'mawa ndi madzulo. Amathandizira kudzimbidwa, imagaya chimbudzi, amachotsa kutulutsa ndi kukokana ndi colitis.

Mimba

Pa nthawi yobereka, ma decoctions ndi infusions a plantain amaloledwa, chomera chamankhwala sichikhala pachiwopsezo pakukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo. Udzu umapangidwira mkati ndi kunja kwa matenda ndi zisonyezo:

• matenda otupa a kupuma, machitidwe, SARS, chifuwa,
• kudzimbidwa, kudzimbidwa (nthawi zambiri amadwala amayi apakati),
• matenda am'mimba,
• kunja kuchitira khungu ndi mucous nembanemba.

Tisaiwale za contraindication wamba. Amayi oyembekezera omwe ali ndi mitundu yovuta kwambiri yamatenda am'mimba, thrombophlebitis, ndi kuvala kwamatayidwe ophatikizika amatsutsana. Kulumikizana ndi dokotala musanagwiritse ntchito chilichonse chofunikira.

Zopindulitsa zomwe amapanga plantain ndi contraindication sizodziwika pakati pa anthu, komanso zimafotokozedwanso mwatsatanetsatane mu mankhwala asayansi. Zomwe muyenera kudziwa pankapanga? Awa sikuti ndi othandizira mwamphamvu pochiritsa mabala ndi katundu wokhazikika. Ndiwothandiza bronchodilator, expectorant, enveloping, antispasmodic, odana ndi yotupa, sedative.

Pali mitundu pafupifupi 250 ya manyowa, omwe amapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse, kupatula madera ambiri otentha.

Plantain ndi chomera chofalikira cha herbaceous, chodziwika bwino chifukwa cha masamba oyambira omwe ali ndi masamba osalala okhala ndi mitsempha yautali ndi masamba obiriwira onenepa. Plantain amakula makamaka m'misewu, ndichifukwa chake mbewu iyi idatchedwa dzina. Kukonda kwa misewu sikungokhala kwangozi: pakugwa, mbewu zikauluka kale, kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kumawapangitsa kukhala womata, kotero mbewu masauzande ambiri amagawidwa ndi mapazi a oyenda pansi ndi mawilo a magalimoto.

Dzinalo Lachilatini la plantain - plantago - limachokera ku mawu akuti planta - phazi, phazi ndi zaka - kusuntha, kuwongolera. Akasindikizidwa pansi, masamba a plantain amafanana ndi kupendekera kwokhako. Adalinso ndi dzina lina lomwe lidapulumuka ku Europe mpaka ku Middle Ages - "Arnogloss" - lilime la nkhosa - komanso mawonekedwe a masamba ake. Dera lachijeremani loti plantain limamasuliridwa ngati lathu, koma Chingerezi ndi Chifalansa adalibwereka kuchokera ku Latin. Koma plantain si dzina lokhalo la mtengowu, limatchulidwanso kuti woyenda nawo, wapaulendo, wopanga msewu, ndi mayina ena onse omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala ake: wodulira mabala, munthu wovulazidwa (mabala ochiritsa), wodula, udzu wowotcha, ndipo ngakhale poyang'ana koyamba ndizodabwitsa - "agogo" (kutanthauza agogo amatsenga).

Sikuti mitundu yonse yamabala ndi ofanana ndi nthawi zonse lalikulu plantain , pomwe, aliyense amawona ngati fodya wamba.

Plantain ndiwosangalatsa kwambiri. Plantain amapulumuka pansi pa mapazi a anthu, pansi pa matayala agalimoto chifukwa masamba ake ndi olimba, ndipo pambali, nthawi zina amasakanizidwa mwamphamvu mpaka pansi.Masamba a plantain ndi mitsempha yowoneka bwino. Kuchokera kumwamba akuwoneka okhumudwa, ndipo kuchokera pansi pang'onopang'ono akuwonekera pamwamba pa pepalalo. Kutengera ndi kukula kwa masamba a mitsempha yotereyi kuchokera pa 3 mpaka 7, chifukwa nthochi nthawi zina imatchedwa hedge-seveni. Mitsempha imagwira ntchito ngati kulimbitsa, kupatsa pepalalo mphamvu zambiri, popanda zomwe zingathe kukhala ndi moyo pansi pa miyendo ndi matayala. Mitsempha yake ndi yolimba kwambiri kotero kuti pamene chinsalacho chimang'ambika, chimatulutsidwa, chimawoneka bwino pamalo omwe pepalalo limasweka.

Masana otentha, pezani chotsekeracho pamsewu ndikukweza masamba ake mosamala. Kuzungulira kuli malo owuma dzuwa, ndipo pansi pa masamba a plantain kumakhala kuzizira. Kutsamira pansi, masamba a plantain samangodzitchinjiriza okha odutsa, komanso amateteza chinyezi chodula pamisewu. Ndiye chifukwa chake chomera chimamera nthawi zambiri m'malo ouma, pomwe zitsamba zina zambiri sizikukula. Kuphatikiza apo, masamba osindikizidwa amalepheretsa kumera kwa mbewu za mbewu zina pafupi ndi chomera, chomwe chimatha "kumiza". Plantain petioles ali ndi poyambira mwakuya, ndipo m'mphepete mwa masamba samakwezedwa pamwamba pamtunda. Udzu ndi madzi omwe amadzisonkhanitsa nthawi yamvula imagwera pansi m'matumbo a "m'matumbo" a zodulidwazo ndikutaya mwachindunji kumizu ya chomera.

Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, mivi mivi imamera pamwamba pamasamba oyala. Pamwamba pa muvi uliwonse wotere - maluwa ang'onoang'ono, ang'onoang'ono, omwe ali ndi spikelet yopapatiza. Ndiwosazindikira konse, ndipo mulibe timpezi mkati mwawo. Madera amaphatikizidwa ndi mphepo ndi tizilombo, zomwe zimakopa mungu wambiri mu ma lilac anthers a mbewuyi.

Chomera chake ndi chachikulu - mbewuyo ndi yachilengedwe, kutanthauza kuti, mchaka choyamba chimangopereka ma rosette okha, ndipo maluwa atafa. Plantain imagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi, imapezeka m'malo alionse kumene anthu amapitako. Mitengoyi ndi madera ouma pomwe imangokula m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi m'madziwe othirira, komanso malo a Far North. Chomera chachikulu chotulutsa chimachokera ku Europe kupita ku America, pomwe sichidakhalepo. Kumeneko adalandira dzina la Pale nkhope kuchokera kwa amwenyewo, chifukwa anali atafika koyamba padziko lino pa buti la agonjetsi aku Europe.

Mbeu za Plantain zimasungidwa m'mabokosi okongola ngati mazira. Bokosilo litakhwima, chivundikiracho chimasweka ndipo njerezo zimathira pansi. Mtengo wautali, wotakata kwambiri, womwe umasunthidwa ndi mphepo kapena kuwongola kuchokera pansi pa mapazi a omwe akudutsa, umabalalitsa yaying'ono, mpaka 1 mm kutalika, nthanga zofiirira mbali zosiyanasiyana. M'makhola a mbewu za plantain pali ma cell am'mimba omwe amatupira m'madzi, kuphulika ndi wandiweyani, nthumwi zomata zimamatira mbewuzo kumaloko apadziko lapansi, miyendo, miyendo ndi matayala pomwe mbewu zimapita paulendo.

M'madambo omwe amapezeka pamtunda pali mitundu ina - semain lanceolate . Mtunduwu udatchedwa ndi dzina kuchokera pamasamba. Amawoneka ngati lancet - mpeni wakale wa opaleshoni, tsopano umatchedwa scalpel. Masamba a lanceolate plantain, kupatula zakale, sizingakwire pansi, sakanakhala ndi malo pokwanira kudutsa. Amawalowetsa m'mwamba, ngati scalpels muma galasi. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokhala ngati lanceolate plantain ndi yochepa, cylindrical kapena caprate, kutalika kwa 0,5 mpaka 7 cm pamtunda wautali wopendekera, woyipa. Pali nkhokwe ziwiri zokha m'bokosi.Dyiniyi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito chimodzimodzi ndi yayikulu.

M'matawuni apakati, Russia ndi Caucasus amapezeka plantain sing'anga . Kuchokera kwa chachikulu, chomwe chimafanana kwambiri, chimasiyana ndi masamba a pubescent komanso mawonekedwe a khutu.

Plantain amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati wowerengeka komanso mankhwala asayansi. Ndipo masamba achichepere a mbewuyi amatha kuwonjezeredwa masaladi a vitamini a kasupe.

Kuchiritsa katundu . Kukonzekera kwa Psyllium kumakhala ndi anti-yotupa, antimicrobial, machiritso a zilonda, expectorant, heestatic komanso amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Madzi kuchokera masamba atsopano a plantain amaperekedwa kwa matenda am'mimba, zilonda zam'mimba komanso zilonda zam'mimba zokhala ndi acidity ya m'mimba. Amachepetsa kapena kuthetseratu kupweteka m'mimba, amathandiza kudya, kumawonjezera acidity ya madzi a m'mimba. Zotsatira zake zochizira zakhazikitsidwa pakukula kwamatumbo ang'onoang'ono komanso akulu. Zakhazikitsidwa kuti madzi a appleain ndi kukonzekera komwe kumapangidwira kumakhala ndi mphamvu yothandizirana ndi michere yambiri ya pathogenic (staphylococci, streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc.). chifukwa chake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pochiza mabala ochiritsa olakwika, zilonda zam'mimba, zithupsa, ma abscesses ndi fistulas.

Kulowetsedwa kwa masamba a plantain kumathandizira magwiridwe antchito ya epithelium ya kupuma thirakiti, kumawonjezera katulutsidwe ndikutulutsidwa kwa ndulu ya bronchial gland, kumakhala ndi chiyembekezo, ndikuchepetsa kutsokomola.

Contraindication . Hyperacid gastritis, chilonda cham'mimba chokhala ndi acidity yayikulu, tsogolo la thrombosis.

Mlingo wa Ma kipimo, Mlingo ndi Ulamuliro . Kuti mupeze madzi kunyumba, masamba amadulidwa ndi gawo la chogwirizira, kutsukidwa bwino m'madzi ozizira madzi, kuloledwa kukhetsa, scalded ndi madzi otentha, kudutsa chopukusira nyama ndikufinya kudzera minofu yolimba. Mu nyengo yotentha, msuzi umakhala wowoneka bwino, wakuda. Potere, iyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi 1: 1. Madzi omwe amayamba ndi owiritsa kwa mphindi 1-3. Tengani supuni 1 kanayi pa tsiku kwa mphindi 15 mpaka 20 musanadye. Madzi otsekemera okonzedwa okonzeka amapangidwa ndi makampani azamalonda.

Masamba atsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zilonda zamoto, mabala am'mimba ndi zithupsa. Amatsukidwa bwino, kudula ndi lezala kapena mpeni, kuwayika m'zigawo zingapo pakhungu lomwe lakhudzidwalo ndikukhazikika ndi bandeji. Kavalidwe kamasinthidwa katatu patsiku, ndikuwotcha - pambuyo maora 1-1.5. Masamba owuma amakhala chisanachitike m'madzi otentha.

Kukonzekera kulowetsedwa, supuni 1 yamasamba owuma amatsanuliridwa ndi kapu imodzi ya madzi otentha, ndikumalimbikitsidwa kwa mphindi 15 ndikusefa. Tengani supuni 1 katatu patsiku musanadye.

Kukolola ndi Psyllium . Pazifukwa zamankhwala, masamba achifundo ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zinthu zosakhwima zimakololedwa mu maluwa mu Meyi-Ogasiti mpaka chikasu kapena kudula masamba pang'ono kuyambika. Pazaka zokhala ndi kanyontho, kotentha, mutha kugwira zopereka zingapo m'malo omwe masamba amakula. Paminda ya hayfields, zophatikizira kwachiwiri zopangira zinthu zachilengedwe ndizotheka mu Ogasiti-Seputembala. Mukakolola, masamba amadulidwa ndi mpeni kapena chikwakwa, chokhala ndi zotsalira zazing'ono za petioles. Ndikukolola koyenera, masamba omwewo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito zaka zingapo, chifukwa mchaka cha 3-4 cha moyo, mbewu nthawi zambiri zimafa. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa masamba ovunditsidwa ndi kukhudzidwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda, makamaka Powy mildew, sikuloledwa. Simungadule mtengo wathunthu, izi zimabweretsa chiwonongeko chofulumira cha mitengo. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti masamba azisonkhanitsa mvula ikauma. Mukamakolola zopangira, ndikofunikira kusiya gawo la zitsanzo zopangidwa mwaluso kuti mukaberekenso. Wowuma mlengalenga mumthunzi kapena wowuma pamtunda wa 40-50 ° C. Alumali moyo wa masamba ndi udzu ndi zaka 2. Fungo la zinthu zoperewera ndilofooka, kukoma kwake kumakhala kowawa pang'ono.

Kupangidwa kwamankhwala . Udzu wa plantain uli ndi ntchofu, zowawa, carotene, mavitamini C ndi K, citric acid, tannins, ndi aucubine glycoside. Mbewu zimakhala ndi 44% ntchofu.

Chomera Chachikulu (Plantago chachikulu L. s.l.)

Kufotokozera kwamawonekedwe:
Maluwa : Amakhala mumafilimu, opakidwa, ovate kapena otsekemera, pafupifupi wofanana ndi calyx. Masewera a calyxwa ndi magawo anayi, manda 1.5-2,5 mm kutalika, amtundu wofanana ndi bracts. Maluwa ndi ochepa, osawoneka bwino. Corolla ndi membran, brownish, wokhala ndi cylindrical chubu ndi miyendo yokhala ndi mbali zinayi;
Masamba Masamba onse ali muzu.Masamba ndi otambalala-ovate, mpaka 20cm kutalika ndi 10cm, kutalika kwa petioles ndi mitsempha yayitali bwino bwino pa tsamba, nthawi zambiri yopanda kanthu kapena yocheperako pang'ono, yokhala ndi mano owoneka bwino kumunsi kwa tsamba.
Kutalika : 10-30 cm.
Muzu : Yokhala ndi chidule chofinya komanso lobe wa mizu yoyera.
Zipatso : Makapisozi oboola pakati pa dzira (nthawi zambiri samakhala ozungulira). Bokosi lililonse limakhala ndi mbewu 34.
Mbewu : Chaching'ono, pafupifupi 1 mm kutalika, bata, nthawi zambiri.
Limamasula kuyambira June mpaka nthawi yophukira, zipatso zimacha nthawi zingapo, kuyambira mu Julayi.
Kutalika kwa moyo: Chomera chosatha.
Habitat: Kubzala mbewu zazikulu kumamera m'malo opanda kanthu, m'midzi, m'misewu yamatchire ndi nkhalango, mphepete mwa minda, m'minda, m'minda, m'madambo, m'mbali, m'mbali.
Kutsogolo: Chomera chachikulu - chomera chomwe chili ponseponse kumadera onse a Eurasia, chimaphatikizidwanso m'maiko ena. Ku Russia imapezeka kudera lonse. Ku Central Russia, mbewu wamba m'malo onse.

Middle Plantain (Plantago media L.)

Kufotokozera kwamawonekedwe:
Maluwa : Mivi yamaluwa ikukwera, yokhotakhota kumunsi, imapindika m'mwamba ndi tsitsi lopondera. Maluwawo amatenga timiyala tating'ono ta masentimita 2-6 (8). Brbrat ndi ovate, blunt, filmy m'mphepete, ofanana kapena pafupifupi ofanana ndi calyx. Zisindikizo (zinayi za izo) ndi zamtundu wina, zanifilimu, zokhala ndi keel wotchedwa udzu. Tizigawo ta corolla yopingasa inayi ndi ovoid, mpaka 2 mm kutalika, yoyera, yonyezimira.
Masamba Amasiyidwa mu r basette woyambira, kutalika kwake ndi 4-20 masentimita, m'lifupi ndi 2-8 masentimita, ali amlitali kapena ovoid, owongoka pang'ono, okhala ndi mitsempha ya 7-9, yonse kapena yokhazikika pang'ono, nthawi zambiri imakhala yofupika (makamaka kuchokera pansipa), yopendekera kuzungulira yayifupi petiole kapena pafupifupiessess (koma mumithunzi mitundu petioles imangokhala yofupikirapo kuposa mbale).
Kutalika : 15-50 cm.
Muzu : Ndi mizu yofunika.
Zipatso : Makapisozi oboola pakati pa dzira, chilichonse mwaiwo kuchoka pa mbewu ziwiri mpaka zisanu.
Maluwa ndi nthawi yophukira: Limamasula kuyambira Meyi mpaka Seputembala, zipatso zimacha nthawi zingapo, kuyambira mu June.
Kutalika kwa moyo: Chomera chosatha.
Habitat: Amamera m'madambo, mapilo, makonde, nkhondo, m'nkhalango zowirira, m'misewu.
Kutsogolo: Mawonekedwe a Europe. Middle plantain mdziko lathuli ndizochulukirapo ku mbali ya Europe (kuphatikiza ku Central Russia imapezeka kumadera onse, wamba) komanso ku Western ndi Eastern Siberia.
Zowonjezera: M'matanthwe, pamayala owuma, magawo owuma a chernozem waku Central Russia, komanso kumpoto nthawi ndi nthawi, makamaka ngati kukuyenda m'misewu, pamakhala zotsalira za plantain yapakati - Plantago media L. subsp. stepposa (Kuprian.) Soo, yomwe tsopano imakonda kusankhidwa kuti ndi mtundu wapadera - Plantain Urvillea, kapena steppe (Plantago urvillei Opiz). Ndiwosatha ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 25-70. Amasiyana ndi mtundu wina wapakati pakati wamasamba ochepera - lanceolate kapena yopapatiza-lanceolate, nthawi ya 2,5-5 kuposa kutalika kwake (pakatapira pakati - ali ndi nthawi 2-2,5), ndi petioles pafupifupi zofanana ndi mbale (ndipo ngati ndifupikitsa, ndiye osatinso katatu), khalani mivi (yosakwera) mivi yamaluwa ndi makutu a tirigu aatali kuchokera ku 6 mpaka 12 (20).

Chomera chachikulu kwambiri (Plantago maxima Juss. Ex Jacq.)

Kufotokozera kwamawonekedwe:
Maluwa : Chomera chilichonse chimakhala ndi mivi yoyambira, yokwanira maluwa, maluwa. Amamaliza ndi makutu amiyala yayikulu yamaluwa okhala ndi maluwa odzaza kwambiri. Mabulogu oblong-ovate, oonera m'mphepete, ofupikirapo kuposa manda. Zisindikizo zimayamwa, ovoid-elliptical. Corolla oyera-oyera, okhala ndi ma shiny onenepa.
Masamba Masamba amatalika, ovoid, oyipa kuchokera kutsitsi loponderezedwa, makamaka kuchokera pansi, oterera, okhala ndi mitsempha ya 9-13, yokhazikika kapena yosasinthika, yokhala ndi petioles zazitali, semicircular m'chigawo.
Kutalika : 30-60 cm.
Muzu : Ndi mizu yakuda.
Zipatso : oblong-ovate makapisozi, mu iliyonse ya mbewu zinayi zokhotakhota.
Maluwa ndi nthawi yophukira: Limamasula mu Meyi ndi Julayi, zipatso zimacha nthawi zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira mwezi wa June.
Kutalika kwa moyo: Chomera chosatha.
Habitat: Chimakula m'nthawi ya madzi osefukira, m'malo oponderezedwa, m'malo okhala okhaokha.
Kutsogolo: Mawonekedwe a Europe. M'dziko lathu, limagawidwa kum'mwera kwa gawo la ku Europe, Ciscaucasia, kum'mwera kwa Siberia kupita ku Transbaikalia. Ku Central Russia imapezeka m'malo a chernozem.
Zowonjezera: Mtundu wofanana ndi chomera, wodziwika bwino ku Central Russia, Plantain Kornuta (Plantago cornuti Gouan) sapezeka kwenikweni kumadera a Yaroslavl, Lipetsk, Penza, Voronezh. Ichi ndi mbewu ya herbaceous osatha yopanda masentimita 7 mpaka 70, yokhala ndi mivi yamaluwa 1-5, yochulukirapo masamba. Masamba ndiakuda, lonse, ovate, okhala ndi mitsempha ya 5-7, m'mphepete mwake, ndi petioles zazitali. Mtunduwu umasiyana ndi chomera chachikulu kwambiri chomwe chimakhala ndi makutu a inflorescence, koma chomwenso chili pamwamba, koma chosawoneka bwino, chomwe chili ndi maluwa ndi mabulangete 2-2,5 mofupikika kuposa calyx.

Plantain lanceolate (Plantago lanceolata L.)

Kufotokozera kwamawonekedwe:
Maluwa : Mivi yokhala ndi maluwa yopindika, yomaliza m'makutu amfupi a ovoid kapena makutu a cylindrical inflorescence. Mabatani ali ndi nembanemba, ali ndi udzu wa keel, ovoid kapena elliptical, wonena. Mtundu wa calyx wokhala ndi manda anayi ozungulira, omwe mbali ziwiri zakumbuyozo zakula palimodzi m'miyeso iwiri yoluka ndi mikwingwirima iwiri yofiirira kapena yobiriwira, ndiye kuti ma calyx amawoneka atatu. Corolla nthawi zonse, filimu, yokhala ndi miyendo inayi yakutsogolo, loboti ovate kapena oblong-ovate, yotanthauza. Pafupifupi 12 mm kutalika.
Masamba : Amatuluka mu r basette woyambira, pubescent, wamano kapena wamano pang'ono, wokhala ndi mitsempha 3-7, lanceolate kapena liniya, 4-15 cm kutalika ndi 0.5-2 cm mulifupi, kuloza
Kutalika : 20-50 cm.
Muzu : Ndi mizu ya tsinde, ndi masikelo pafupi ndi khosi.
Zipatso : Zipilala zazingwe ziwiri zazitali pafupifupi 3 mm kutalika.
Mbewu : Convex mbali ina ndikugudubuka mbali inayo.
Maluwa ndi nthawi yophukira: Limamasula mu Meyi ndi Julayi, zipatso zimacha, kuyambira mwezi wa June.
Kutalika kwa moyo: Chomera chosatha.
Habitat: Plantain lanceolate imamera m'madambo, mawonekedwe, mphepete, misewu, malo otopetsa.
Kutsogolo: Mitundu ya Eurasian, yomwe idayambitsidwa ndikuchulukitsidwa m'malo angapo a Africa, North ndi South America. Ku Russia, amagawidwa kulikonse ku gawo la ku Europe, ku North Caucasus komanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Western Siberia. Ku Central Russia, plantain lanceolate imapezeka m'malo onse, wamba.

Psyllium plantain (Plantago maritima L.)

Kufotokozera kwamawonekedwe:
Maluwa : Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mivi yambiri yamaluwa, kuchokera ku pubescent kwambiri (yokhala ndi tsitsi loponderezedwa m'mwamba) mpaka pafupifupi lopanda tsitsi. Inflorescence ndi wandiweyani kwambiri, ovate kapena cylindrical wopapatiza. Mabulogu ndi lanceolate, ovate kapena ovate-ovate, owoneka bwino kapena akhungu, pamafilimu m'mphepete, ndipo nthawi zina amakhala okhazikika. Calyx ya manda anayi aulere, owala kapena ovoid-elliptic, filimu, yokhala ndi keel yotchedwa, ciliate yofupi m'mphepete, glabrous kapena pubescent kumbuyo, 2-2.5 (3) mm. Corolla wokhazikika, wokhala ndi miyendo inayi, wamanyazi, wamaliseche kapena wokhala ndi chubu ya pubescent komanso cilia wamfupi kwambiri m'mphepete mwa ma ovoid lobes.
Masamba Masamba onse ali muzu. Amakhala amzera kapena lanceolate, amtundu, onyezimira, samakhala pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zina amakungika, nthawi zambiri ammphepete, koma amatha kuchepetsedwa pang'ono.
Kutalika : 15-60 cm.
Muzu : Ndi mizu yofunika kwambiri, yambiri yokhala ndi mizu yambiri.
Zipatso : Makapisozi ovoid-oblong, mumodzi aliyense wa iwo nthawi zambiri mbewu ziwiri zoterera.
Mbewu : Kufikira 2,5 mm kutalika.
Maluwa ndi nthawi yophukira: Limamasula mu June-Julayi, zipatso zimacha, kuyambira mu Julayi.
Kutalika kwa moyo: Chomera chosatha.
Habitat: Chimakula m'miyala yopanda mchere, mchere wamchere, malo ena amiyala amiyala ndi choko.
Kutsogolo: Dera la chomera limakhala madera ambiri a North Hemisphere, komanso madera akumwera kwa South America.M'dziko lathu, limagawidwa ku gawo la ku Europe, Ciscaucasia, Dagestan komanso kumwera kwa Siberia. Ku Central Russia, imapezeka ku Tambov, Penza, Lipetsk, Kursk, Voronezh, ndipo idalembedwa m'malo ena ndikuyambitsa.
Zowonjezera: Kudera la Lipetsk, Tambov, Voronezh, pali mtundu wina wa mapula wokhala ndi masamba opendekera. Plantain woyenda bwino (Plantago tenuiflora Waldst. Et Kit.). Ichi ndi chomera chosowa kwambiri chaka chilichonse kapena cha biennial ku Russia chotalika masentimita atatu mpaka 20. Masamba ake ndi amtundu wina. Inflorescence ndi apical imodzi m'malo lotayirira spikelet. Corolla wamaliseche, lobes yake ili, wowonda. Zipatso ndi makapisozi, chilichonse mwa izo nthawi zambiri pamakhala njere zisanu ndi zitatu. Limamasula mu Meyi ndi Julayi. Amakula m'mphepete mwamchere, m'mphepete mwamchere, m'malo ena a saline ndi malo ophera m'nkhokwe.

Round Plantain (Plantago scabra Moench)

Kufotokozera kwamawonekedwe:
Maluwa : Pali ma inflorescence angapo; amathetsa tsinde lalikulu komanso nthambi zambiri. Ma inflorescence amawoneka ngati makutu amfupi kapena ozungulira, omwe maluwa amakongoletsedwa kwambiri. Mabulogu awiri am'munsi mwa spike alibe kanthu, amakhala obovate, okhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati awl, amachokera pamphaka, mabatani omwe atsalawo ndi omasuka kapena omasukirana, ometa m'maso kumbuyo, olowera m'mphepete. Calyx pafupifupi 4 mm kutalika, manda awiri akunja obovate, akufotokozera, thumba losunga mazira awiri - ovate-lanceolate, pachimake, pang'ono. Corolla chubu pubescent, lobes ovate-lanceolate, pachimake.
Masamba Amasiya moyang'anizana, mzere, wochepa thupi (5mm mulifupi), nthawi zina ma glandular pubescent.
Kutalika : 10-30 cm.
Phesi : Amasiyana ndi mitundu yonse yamtundu wamtundu wa Russia, yomwe imakhala ndi masamba osavuta opanda masamba, masamba oyambira okhala ndi masamba ndikufupikitsa m'makhola a masamba.
Zipatso : Makapisozi awiri okhala ndi mbali ziwiri zamtunda wamtali pafupifupi 2.5 mm.
Mbewu : Odaira wakuda, chonyezimira, chofiyira mbali imodzi ndikumaso mbali inayo.
Maluwa ndi nthawi yophukira: Limamasula mu June-August, zipatso zimacha mu Julayi-Sepemba.
Kutalika kwa moyo: Zomera pachaka.
Habitat: Imakula pamchenga wotseguka, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, pamiyala, pamiyala yamiyala ndi choko, m'misewu.
Kutsogolo: Mawonekedwe a Europe. Ku Central Russia imapezeka m'malo onse, kum'mwera kwa Oka River nthawi zambiri, kumpoto makamaka monga zowononga, nthawi zina.
Zowonjezera: Osati fluffy.

Plantago, wofalikira padziko lonse lapansi, ndiye udzu wosatha wochokera ku banja la Psyllium. M'malo ambiri, kutsata kumawonedwa ngati udzu, koma umunthu wake wamankhwala umadziwikanso.

Pafupifupi mitundu isanu ndi itatu ya mbewuyi imamera m'dera lathu. Zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri: Plima wamkulu komanso wapakatikati, Plantain lanceolate.

Chomera chimakonda kukhazikika m'misewu ndi mayendedwe (dzina lachi Russia lachiwonetserochi limafotokoza mwachindunji izi), m'malo opanda kanthu, m'matanthwe komanso m'mphepete mwa nkhalango yowuma.

Zosangalatsa . Mbeu za Plantain zidabweretsedwa ku America ndi akoloni pamiyendo ya nsapato. Amwenye amatchulabe chinsalu - "mzungu."

Muzu wa Plantain ndi waufupi komanso wandiweyani, wokutidwa ndi mizu yaying'ono. Masamba ndiwowoneka obiriwira ozungulira, owongoka kapena othinana, wokutidwa ndi mitsempha pansi pa thayo. Amakula mu rosette yoyambira. Kukana kupondaponda.

Maluwa a Plantain ndi oyera oyera otuwa, okhala pamtunda wamtali (mpaka 70 cm), ngati mawonekedwe a cylindrical. Maluwa amapezeka nyengo yonse yachilimwe, mbewu zimakhazikika mu Seputembala. Pa chomera chilichonse, mbewu zopitilira 50,000 zimatha kucha, ndikuyika mu mabokosi owoneka ngati mazira 10 mpaka 14.

Chomera chimafalikira ndi mbewu, zomwe, ndi ndodo zakuthwa, zimangamira zovala ndi nsapato zodutsa anthu kapena tsitsi la nyama. Chifukwa chake, mbewu zobzala zimafalikira pamtunda wautali.

Mitundu yamapulogalamu akulira m'dziko lathu:

Nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa zithunzi za mmera wofufuza mbewuyi.

Kupangidwa kwamankhwala

Kuphatikizika kwazomera kwa mbewu kumafotokozera mphamvu zake zamankhwala. Pamwambapa gawo la mapesiwo lili:

• Vitamini C
• Vitamini K
• carotenoids
• citric acid
• oleic acid
• CHIKWANGWANI
• glycosit aucubin,
• choline
• zinthu: selenium, cobalt, Fe, magnesium, K, zinc, calcium, Mn, nickel, chromium, selenium, barium.

Zomera zamtunduwu ndizothandiza chimodzimodzi masamba. Muli ma amino acid, ntchofu, mapuloteni, ma saponins.

Zosonkhetsa zinthu zosawoneka bwino

Masamba a Plantain amakolola nthawi yonse yotentha - kuyambira Meyi mpaka Ogasiti. Mwina kudula kwachiwiri kwa amadyera ochuluka. Sankhani masamba ang'onoang'ono osawonongeka, popanda chikasu. Amadulidwa ndi petioles, chikwakwa ndikudula ndi scythe.

Zofunika! Sizoletsedwa kusankhitsa mbewu zomwe zili pafupi ndi misewu ndi njanji, malo ogwirira ntchito ndi mabizinesi ogulitsa.

Simungadule masamba onse pachitsamba, chifukwa chomera chimafa. Tengani masamba ochepa pachomera chilichonse. Ndikwabwino kutola tsamba m'mawa, mukangomwa mame, kapena mvula ikadzayamba.

Zipangizo zouma zimaphwa mumthunzi kapena zowuma zamagetsi pamtunda osaposa +50 madigiri. Imasunga zinthu zosaphika m'matumba akuda kapena magalasi, m'malo owuma komanso amdima, osaposa zaka ziwiri.

Kulowetsedwa chifuwa . Pa 1 tbsp. spoonful wa wosweka zouma masamba a plantain, kutenga 2 makapu madzi otentha. Udzuwo umapangidwa ndikuumirira pafupifupi theka la ola. Tengani zovuta kulowetsedwa kwa 1 tbsp. supuni kangapo patsiku.

Plita yotseka zilonda zam'mimba ndi matenda am'mimba . Madzi omwe amapezeka kuchokera kumasamba atsopano a plantain amadzidulira m'madzi owiritsa (1 tbsp. Njira ya mankhwala ndi mwezi umodzi. Madzi a plantain ndiwofunikira kupukuta nkhope mutatsuka, kuthana ndi ziphuphu.

Manyani madzi ndi uchi kuchokera bronchitis . Sakanizani zinthuzo motalikirana komanso wiritsani kusakaniza kwa mphindi 20 pa moto wochepa. Tengani mankhwala ozizira a 1 tbsp. supuni theka la ola musanadye, katatu patsiku.

Kutsegula m'mimba . Plantain mapesi ndi ma peduncles ndi mbewu amathiridwa ndi madzi otentha pang'ono, owiritsa kwa mphindi 5 - 6. Kuumirira theka la ola ndi kumwa ngati tiyi womveka.

Gum kupopa ndi kufooka . Thungani mwatsopano masamba osambitsidwa bwino, ndipo sungani kwa mphindi 5 mpaka 10 pakamwa. Ndondomeko ikuchitika mpaka kasanu masana.

Kuchepetsa kufunda . Usiku, pepala latsopano la plantain limayikidwa ku chimanga ndikufundidwa ndi thumba la pulasitiki. M'mawa, chimanga chofewa chimatha kuchotsedwa.

Zofoka . Porridge kuchokera masamba atsopano a chomera amawaika zithupsa, kuphimba ndi bandeji.

Mu cosmetology, madzi a plantain, osakanizidwa ndi uchi ndi batala (onse omwe amatengedwa mosiyanasiyana), amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufewetsa ndi kupukutira khungu lamanja.

Chodzikongoletsa cha masamba opaka masamba amatsuka tsitsi mutatsuka. Njirayi imalimbitsa ndi kulimbitsa tsitsi.

Kufotokozera kwamasamba

Dzinalo lachiwiri la chinsalu ndi "mnzake woyanjana naye asanu ndi awiri" chifukwa cham'mphepete mwake pamasamba komanso zodabwitsa kusiya mbewu pazovala za anthu ndi tsitsi la nyama.

Plantain amapezeka mu mawonekedwe a mbewu imodzi, nthawi zina amakhala ngati zitsamba. Pali mitundu ya pachaka kapena yosatha yamaphunziro. Pazonse, pali mitundu pafupifupi 150 ya udzuwu. Ena mwa iwo amatchulidwa ngati namsongole.

Habitat - madera ozizira komanso otentha. Imapezeka m'misewu, pamatanthwe, pamiyala ndi m'matanthwe.

Kutulutsa Fomu

Ampoules pansi pa mayina 669, 668, 667, 666.

Lyophilised ufa wa jakisoni wa makolo mu mbale:

• mtundu umodzi wa mankhwala, 1 mg ya yogwira mankhwala, yathunthu ndi zosungunulira voliyumu ya 5 ml,
• mawonekedwe osinthika a mankhwala, 2 mg ya yogwira mankhwala mu kashiamu ndi zosungunulira voliyumu ya 5 ml kapena 10 mg yogwira thunthu mu zida ndi zosungunulira voliyumu ya 10 ml

Chinsinsi Maphikidwe

- pera masamba osachedwa ndi 0,2 l a madzi, wiritsani ndi kuwonjezera 3 tbsp. supuni ya uchi.Tengani zosakaniza zomalizidwa supuni kamodzi pa ola.

- masamba owuma amagwiritsidwa ntchito tiyi: njira yoyamba - kutsanulira supuni ziwiri za masamba owuma ndi madzi otentha ndikusiya kwa kotala limodzi, kumwa 0,2 l katatu pa tsiku ndi uchi m'malo mwa shuga, njira yachiwiri - 4 tbsp. supuni ya masamba owuma kutsanulira 0,5 malita a madzi otentha, kunena kwa 1.5 maola, kupsyinjika, kutenga 1 sabata 4 pa tsiku malinga ndi Art. supuni.

Kusintha kwapadera kwa masamba a chinsalu chachikulu kumathandiza ndi matenda am'mimba, kupuma thirakiti, kuchiritsa kwamabala. Pokonzekera decoction mu 0,2 l madzi otentha, onjezani 2 tbsp. supuni ya masamba owuma, mukusenda nthunzi, kubweretsa kukonzekera (1/2 ola), kozizira, kupsinjika. Tengani 0 lita imodzi katatu patsiku musanadye. Ngati mankhwala a lotion kapena chilonda, zilowerere thonje kapena gauze.