Cholesterol ndi cholesterol kusiyana kwake ndi kotani

Thupi laumunthu ndi chinthu chovuta kuchilamulira. Umu ndi momwe chilengedwe chidapangira, ndipo chilichonse chomwe chimayikidwacho nchofunikira kuti chigwire ntchito moyenera. Cholesterol ndi gawo lofunikira mu gawo lililonse la maselo athu. Pali zambiri za izo mu minyewa yamanjenje, ubongo umakhala ndi 60% ya minofu ya adipose. Komanso, chifukwa cha cholesterol, mahomoni ambiri amapangidwa. Ena amaganiza kuti cholesterol (cholesterol) ndi atherosulinosis, ndi chinthu choopsa. Koma tiyeni tiwone bwino momwe zimachitikira.

Cholesterol ndi cholesterol. Kodi pali kusiyana kulikonse?

Kodi cholesterol ndi cholesterol ndi chiyani? Kodi pali kusiyana pakati pa mawuwo, kodi gulu limagwira ntchito yanji mthupi? Mwathupi, ndimakristalo amadzimadzi. Malinga ndi momwe gulu lawonongera, ndikulondola kuyitanitsa cholesterol yokhala, zomwe ndizomveka m'mabuku asayansi akunja. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timawonetsa kuti panganoli ndi la ma mowa. Ku Russia, madokotala nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "cholesterol."

Palibe chifukwa cholandirira cholesterol kuchokera kunja; thupi lokha limatulutsa 80%. 20% yotsala imabwera ndi chakudya, ndipo gawo ili ndilofunikanso. Kugwira ntchito kwa cholesterol m'thupi ndikofunikira kwambiri, ndikusintha mawonekedwewa ndikosatheka.

Cholesterol ndi chinthu chomwe ndi gawo lamiyala yomwe imapangika mumiyendo ya chimbudzi. Apa ndiye gawo lalikulu. Mwanjira imeneyi, cholesterol yochulukirapo imaphatikizidwa ndi mwala, yomwe imakhala yochulukirapo kuti ndizotheka kuthana ndi calculus popanda kuchitapo kanthu. Miyala iyi imayandama momasuka ndipo ndi yaying'ono kukula.

Kuphatikizika kwa cholesterol m'thupi lathu patsiku pafupifupi 0.5-0.8 g Mwa awa, 50% amapangidwa m'chiwindi, pafupifupi 15% m'matumbo. Selo lililonse m'thupi limatha kupanga cholesterol. 0,4 g wa mankhwala nthawi zambiri amabwera ndi chakudya patsiku.

Udindo wa cholesterol

Mafuta a cholesterol ndi gulu lomwe limagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuphatikizidwa kwa ma steroid, vitamini D, mahomoni ogonana, ndi adrenal cortex. Ndi gawo limodzi la membrane wa khungu lililonse. Chifukwa cha cholesterol, maselo amatha kukonza kapangidwe kake. Njira zotumizira ma cellular zimapangidwanso pogwiritsa ntchito chinthuchi. Chifukwa chake, ngati kuchepa kwa cholesterol m'thupi, ndiye kuti maselo amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri. Pali zolephera pantchito yawo.

Gawo lofunikira la bile ndi ma asidi a bile, amapangidwanso kuchokera ku cholesterol. Izi zimatenga gawo lalikulu la cholesterol yonse m'thupi - pafupifupi magawo atatu. Ma acid okhala ndi chimbudzi cha chakudya ndiofunika kwambiri, njira zonse za metabolic zimadalira.

"Zabwino" Cholesterol

Cholesterol ndi chinthu chomwe sichitha kusungunuka m'madzi a m'magazi. Kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala, zotsatira zakepi mthupi m'zaka zana zino zaphunziridwa kwambiri. Zambiri zomwe zapezedwa m'derali, Mphotho khumi ndi zitatu za Nobel zaperekedwa.

Monga kafukufuku wasonyezera, thupi silikhala ndi thunthu loyera. Nthawi zonse imakhala ndi zinthu zitatu, chilichonse chimachita mbali ina. Popeza cholesterol siyitha kusungunuka, pamafunika mapuloteni othandizira kuti azungulira thupi. Pankhaniyi, mafuta a cholesterol ndi mapuloteni, kapena lipoproteins amapangidwa. Pali magulu atatu a lipoproteins: otsika kwambiri, otsika kwambiri komanso otsika kwambiri.

Ma lipoproteins okwera kwambiri amasungunuka bwino ndipo samasiya zotsalira. Kuyendetsa koteroko kumakongoletsa cholesterol ku chiwindi kuti ikonzedwe, pomwe ma asidi a bile amafunikira kugaya. Kupitilira apo, imakhalabe m'matumbo. Ndipo ndikuchotseredwa m'thupi. Pulogalamu yamtunduwu yamankhwala imatchedwa "cholesterol yabwino."

"Choipa" cholesterol

LDL cholesterol (otsika kachulukidwe lipoproteins) ali ndi mawu akuti "cholesterol oyipa." Mtunduwu ndiye njira yayikulu yoyendera. Chifukwa cha LDL, pawiri imalowa m'maselo a thupi. Ma lipoprotein oterewa samasungunuka bwino, motero, amapanga ma phula. Ngati milingo ya LDL iwonjezeka, pamakhala chiwopsezo cha atherosulinosis.

Ma lipoproteins otsala omwe sanagwere m'magulu awiri oyamba ndi a lipoprotein otsika kwambiri. Amapangidwa m'chiwindi ndikupanga cholesterol ku maselo onse a ziwalo. Makina ngati awa ndi owopsa kwambiri, amapanga mapangidwe a atherosulinotic.

Ofufuzawo onse amati kuchuluka kwambiri kwa ma lipoprotein okwera m'magazi, ndibwino. Koma momwe mungadziwire malire pomwe zida zofunikira zingasanduke zoyipa? Kuwongolera cholesterol yathunthu (kuchuluka kwa zonse zoyipa ndi zabwino), komanso kuchuluka kwa ma lipoproteins osiyanasiyana osokoneza bongo, ndikofunikira kuyezetsa magazi chaka chilichonse ndikuyezetsa magazi a biochemical.

Chifukwa chake mudzakhala mukuzindikira kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'thupi lanu. Chifukwa chake, zitha kuchitidwa munthawi ndikuwongolera ngati pali zopatuka zina zazing'ono.

Cholesterol: zabwinobwino

Miyezo imeneyi imadalira kwambiri thanzi la munthu, zaka komanso jenda ya munthu amene akuyezetsa magazi. Zizindikiro zambiri ndizotsatirazi:

1. Muyeso wa cholesterol yathunthu mwa munthu wamkulu ndi 3.9-5.2 mmol / l. Ngati zotsatira zake zikuchokera ku 5.2 mpaka 6.5, pomwepo madotolo amafotokoza kupatuka pang'ono panjira yokhazikika. Ndi chisonyezero cha 6.6 mpaka 7.8 - kupatuka koyenera. Pamwambapa 7.8 ndi mtundu wa hypercholesterolemia, chithandizo cha matendawa ndi chofunikira pano.

2. Kulingalira za amuna mosiyana, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mulingo wa chinthu ichi suyenera kupitirira 7.17 mmol / l, kwa amayi malire ndi 7.77. Ngati cholesterol imakwezedwa, ndiye kuti adokotala ayenera kupereka malangizo owonjezera. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kulabadira zaumoyo wanu.

3. Chiwerengero cha lipoproteins yapamwamba kwambiri kwa otsika osalimba a lipoproteins sayenera kupitirira 1: 3. Aliyense ayenera kudziwa izi.

Ngati zonse zili mu dongosolo ndi zofunikira za cholesterol yathunthu ndi kuchuluka kwa "zabwino" ndi "zoyipa", ndiye kuti simukuyenera kuti muimbe mlandu cholesterol chifukwa cha thanzi lanu lodetsa. Ngati chizolowezicho sichidapyozedwa, ndikosavuta kukonza ndi zakudya zoyenera, zolimbitsa thupi. Chotsani zizolowezi zoyipa, sewerani masewera, yang'anani dziko lapansi ndikuwoneka bwino, osasiya kupsinjika m'moyo wanu - ndipo thanzi lidzabweranso mwakale.

Atherosulinosis ndi Cholesterol

Pazomwe zimayambitsa atherosulinosis, ambiri amawona cholesterol. Ngati cholesterol yathunthu imakwezedwa, ndiye, yomwe imayikidwa pamakoma amitsempha yamagazi, imasokoneza magazi. Koma muyenera kukumbukira kuti chifukwa cha ichi ndi cholesterol "yoyipa", kapena lipoprotein yotsika komanso yotsika kwambiri. "Zabwino", m'malo mwake, zimatsuka ziwiya zake.

Zatsimikiziridwa kale kuti ubale wa atherosulinosis ndi cholesterol ndiwosangalatsa. Mosakayikira, ngati cholesterol imakwezedwa, ndiye kuti izi zimayambitsa chiwopsezo cha atherosulinosis. Koma zamatsenga izi zimayamba kupezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lililonse lomwe tikuganizira. M'malo mwake, cholesterol yapamwamba ndi imodzi mwazinthu zambiri zowopsa zomwe zingayambitse matenda. Izi ndi monga kusuta fodya, kunenepa kwambiri, matenda oopsa komanso matenda ashuga. Kukhalapo kwa zinthu izi ngakhale ndi cholesterol yokhazikika kumapangitsanso kukulitsa kwa atherosulinosis.

Maonekedwe osiyana

Pali malingaliro ena pa cholesterol. Zinthu “zokonza” - cholesterol - zimasonkhana m'malo omwe muli ma microdamage m'mitsempha yamagazi, imatchinga zowonongeka izi, potenga mbali ya wochiritsa. Chifukwa chake, atherosulinosis imawonedwa ndi cholesterol yachilendo.

Ndi chidziwitso chowonjezeka, vutoli limadziwonekera mwachangu, kuphatikiza apo, kuphwanya chikhalidwe cha cholesterol ndikosavuta kuyanjana ndi atherosclerosis, yomwe idachitika kumayambiriro kwa kafukufukuyu. Cholesterol adanenedwa kukhala woyamba mwa mavuto onse. Nanga bwanji osachepetsa nthawi yomweyo kuthana ndi zotengera? Zikatero, kusowa kwa cholesterol kumatha kuyambitsa zotupa. Asayansi akupitilizabe kupeza zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mtima ndikupanga njira zatsopano.

Mafuta osiyanasiyana

Mlingo wa cholesterol umatengera osati kukhalapo kwa zochuluka mu chakudya, komanso mtundu wa mafuta. Ndipo nawonso ndi osiyana. Pali mafuta ofunikira m'thupi kuti athane ndi cholesterol “yoyipa”, kuonjezera "zabwino". Gululi limaphatikiza mafuta omwe amapezeka muzinthu zotsatirazi:

• Avocado
• Maamondi
• Cashew mtedza.
• Pistachios.
• Mbeu za Sesame.
• Mafuta a azitona
• Batala zamankhwala achilengedwe.
• Mafuta a Sesame.

Mafuta a polyunsaturated nawonso satseka mitsempha yathu, simuyenera kukana, koma simuyenera kukhala achangu kwambiri. Ndi kusowa kwa ma atherosselotic plaques amakula pa liwiro lowirikiza. Mafuta oterewa sakhazikika m'thupi, chifukwa chake amayenera kuchokera ku chakudya:

• Mafuta a chimanga.
• Mpendadzuwa ndi mbewu dzungu.

Mafuta a Omega-3 polyunsaturated acids amapezeka muzakudya izi:

• Zakudya zam'nyanja.
• Nsomba zamafuta.
• Mafuta a Hemp.
• Mafuta opindika.
• Mafuta a soya.
• Walnuts.

Mafuta okhathamiritsa amalimbikitsa cholesterol, ndipo pakudya kuti muchepetse ntchito, muyenera kuchepetsa zakudya zanu:

• Ng'ombe.
• Nkhumba
• Batala.
• Masiwiti amafuta.
• Kokonati ndi mafuta a kanjedza.
• Wowawasa zonona.
• Kirimu
• Mkaka wonse
• Ayisikilimu.

Gulu lowopsa kwambiri la mafuta ndi mafuta a trans. Ambiri aiwo amapangidwa kuchokera ku mafuta amadzimadzi amadzimadzi m'njira yapadera. Pambuyo pa chithandizo chapadera, mafuta olimba (kapena margarine) amalandiridwa. Mafuta a Trans samangochulukitsa cholesterol "yoyipa", komanso amachepetsa zizindikiro za "zabwino". Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zakudya zosavuta, makeke, confectionery, mipiringidzo ya chokoleti, maswiti ndi zina zambiri.

Chifukwa chiyani cholesterol yapamwamba imakhala yoopsa

Cholesterol ndi chinthu chomwe chimapezeka mthupi lathu. Imagwira ntchito zama transporter, imayang'anira ntchito yopereka mafuta kumaselo. Cholesterol imakhala "yopereka" mafuta ku ziwiya, kapena kuichotsa pamenepo. Koma ngati kuphatikiza kwache kuli kovomerezeka kuposa koyenera, kumayikidwa pamakoma. Chifukwa chake, zolembera za atherosclerotic zimatha kupanga ndipo zombozo zimatsekeka. Kodi izi ndizowopsa bwanji?

Pokhala ndi cholesterol yambiri yamadzimadzi yoipa, microcrack imatha kuoneka. Maselo ofiira a m'magazi ndi mapulateleti timadutsa, ndipo magaziwo amatha kupanga. Ngati chotchinga chatsekedwa ndi thrombus, pamakhala mwayi woti munthu akhoza kumenyedwa, myocardial infarction kapena gangrene wa miyendo.

Chithandizo cha zovuta

Kuti muchepetse cholesterol yamagazi, muyenera kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi. Kunenepa kwambiri kuyenera kuchepetsedwa. Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse. Tsatirani zakudya (zakudya zomwe zadyedwa siziyenera kukhala ndi mafuta ambiri, komanso mafuta a trans).

Ngati moyo wabwino sutsika cholesterol, mankhwala ochokera ku gulu la statin ndi omwe amapatsidwa. Amatha kuchepetsa cholesterol "yoyipa", potero popewa kugunda kapena kugunda kwa mtima.

Pomaliza, tikupereka malangizo atatu osavuta:

• Osataya mafuta konse. Ndi gwero lamphamvu zathu, zoteteza, zomanga zamitundu yama cell.
• Yang'anani kudya kwamafuta m'thupi lanu. Kwa nzika, kuchuluka kwa mafuta tsiku ndi tsiku, ngati kwasinthidwa ma calories, kuyenera kukhala 600-800 kcal, komwe ndi pafupifupi 30% ya kuchuluka kwa tsiku lililonse kwa otsiriza.
• Idyani mafuta achilengedwe okha. Zothandiza kwambiri ndizomwe zimasungabe madzi firiji.

Kodi cholesterol ndi chiyani?

Tiyeni tiwone kuti cholesterol ndi cholesterol ndi chiyani, pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa mawu awiriwa ndi gawo lomwe mbali iyi imagwira m'thupi lathu. Mwathupi, ndimakristalo amadzimadzi, amalola kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mumadzi a galasi amtundu wa thermometers. Zolondola malinga ndi gulu la mankhwala imbani cholesterol yaying'ono, chifukwa chake amatchedwa m'mabuku asayansi achilendo ndi ma laboratori azachipatala. Potere, a -ol akumaliza amatiuza kuti mankhwala omwe amapanga ndi ma alcohols.

Palibe chifukwa choti tilandire cholesterol kuchokera kunja: zoposa 80% yazinthuzi zimapangidwa ndi thupi lokha. 20% yotsala ndi gawo lomwe limabwera ndi zakudya zomwe zimayenera kukhalapo mosalephera. Izi ndichifukwa choti ntchito zomwe zimapangidwa ndi cholesterol ndizofunikira kwambiri, ndipo sizothekabe m'malo mwake.

Cholesterol ndi gawo limodzi mwa miyala yomwe imapangika mu ndulu ndi ma ducts a bile. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwamphamvu zake. Komanso, kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi mwanjira imeneyi, kumakhala kofunika kwambiri kuti athe kutero popanda kuchitidwa opareshoni. Miyala yotereyi ndi yaying'ono mu kukula kwake ndikuyandama momasuka.

Kuphatikiza kofunikira

Cholesterol ndi phula yofunikira pakuphatikizidwa kwa ma steroid, mahomoni amtundu, adrenal cortex, ndi Vitamin D. Ndi gawo limodzi lofunikira mu cell membran: m'mawu ena, ndichifukwa chake maselo amasunga mawonekedwe ake. Komanso, cholesterol imathandizira pakupanga njira zoyendetsera ma ma cellular. Chifukwa chake, kupatula kwa izi m'thupi, ndikoipa kwambiri kugwira ntchito kwa maselo.

Ma acid a bile, omwe ndi gawo lofunikira la bile, amapangidwa kuchokera ku cholesterol. Pafupifupi magawo atatu aliwonse a cholesterol yomwe ili mthupi amapita pantchito imeneyi. Ma acids awa ndi ofunikira kwambiri kuti chimbudzi chikhale ndi chakudya, njira za metabolic zimadalira iwo.

Kuchokera ku mbiri

Ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa kafukufuku wa cholesterol, madokotala adatengera chidwi chakuti pali ubale wina pakati pamlingo wapamwamba wamagazi awa m'magazi ndi matenda monga ischemia ndi atherosclerosis. Apa ndipamene kampeni yolimbana ndi cholesterol idayamba. Ngakhale patatha zaka makumi ambiri, pali anthu ambiri omwe akukhulupirira kuti cholesterol ndi njira yachindunji yopita ku atherosulinosis ndikuti ndiyofunika kuzichotsa mwanjira iliyonse.

Koma Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwazowonjezera izi ndizongowonjezera, zomwe sizomwe zimatsimikiza kwambiri. Gawo silimasewera ndi kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yomwe imabwera ndi chakudya, koma ndi momwe imakhalira pochita kagayidwe kachakudya. Zochitika zoterezi ndizosiyana kwa munthu aliyense ndipo nthawi zambiri zimafalikira mkati mwa banja kuchokera ku mbadwo kupita ku mbadwo. Chifukwa chake, ndikulakwa kotheratu kuyika chizindikiro chofanana pakati pa cholesterol ndi mwayi wokhala ndi atherosulinosis kapena sitiroko.

Pali mbali yolakwika pafunso ili: monga ziwerengero zawonetsa, pali kulumikizana kwa chikhalidwe chotsatirachi - anthu omwe ali ndi cholesterol yambiri samakonda kudwala matenda amisala makamaka, matenda a Alzheimer's. Ndiye kodi gawo la cholesterol m'thupi lathu ndi lotani? Kodi ndikofunikira kuchichotsa kapena, m'malo mwake, osayang'anira? Kuti muyankhe mafunso awa, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti gulu ili limapezeka mthupi lathu.

Cholesterol choyipa komanso chabwino

Kupanga kwa cholesterol ndi mphamvu yake m'thupi la munthu zimaphunziridwa kwambiri: kokha m'zaka za zana la 20 zinthu zambiri zomwe zapezedwa ndipo mphotho 13 za Nobel zinaperekedwa. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti thupi la munthu silili machitidwe ake oyera. Ili ndi magawo atatu omwe amasewera mosiyana.

Cholesterol ndi chinthu chomwe chimasungunuka kwathunthu m'madzi a m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, kuti amatha kuyenda mthupi, mapuloteni othandizira amafunikira. Pulogalamu ya cholesterol ndi mapuloteni oterewa amatchedwa lipoprotein. Chifukwa chake, pali magulu atatu a mitundu yotere: apamwamba, otsika komanso otsika kwambiri a lipoprotein.

Kuchulukana kwambiri kwa makina kumawalola kusungunuka bwino m'madzi osati kupanga mpweya. Izi zimapangira cholesterol mwachindunji kwa chiwindi kuti chikonzedwe. Pamenepo, ma asidi a bile amapangidwa kuchokera pamenepo, pambuyo pake zotsalazo zimalowa m'matumbo ndikuchoka m'thupi. Chifukwa chake, mtundu wamtunduwu umatchedwa cholesterol yabwino.

M'malo mwake, mapangidwe ocheperako osokoneza bongo amatchedwa kuti cholesterol yoyipa. Kuphatikiza kwamtunduwu ndi njira yayikulu yoyendera mafuta a cholesterol. Chifukwa cha iwo, pawiri imalumikizana pakati pa maselo ndikulowa m'maselo a thupi. Ma lipoprotein ocheperako samasungunuka bwino m'madzi ndipo amayamba kuchita phokoso. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa milingo yamtunduwu, titha kufotokoza za mwayi wokhala ndi atherosulinosis.

Ma lipoprotein ena onse omwe sanapezeke m'magulu awiri oyambilira adapeza malo awo pagoproteins ochepa kwambiri. Amapangidwa ndi chiwindi ndipo amagwira ntchito yotumiza cholesterol kuchokera ku chiwindi kupita ku ziwalo. Mankhwala amenewa amapanga mafupa a atherosselotic, amaonedwa ngati lipoprotein oopsa kwambiri.

Chachikulu ndi kusamala

Ofufuzawo amadzinenera kuti kuchuluka kwa mitundu yambiri ya lipoprotein okwera kumakhala kwabwinoko. Koma malire ali kuti pomwe mapindulowo amasintha kukhala ovulaza? Akatswiri amalangizidwa kuti azichita mayeso apachaka, zomwe zimawakakamiza kuti azikhala magazi. Chifukwa chake mudzakhala mukudziwa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol iliyonse ndipo magawo ake aliwonse mthupi ndipo adzatha kuchitapo kanthu munthawi yake ngati zisonyezozo ndizosiyana pang'ono ndi chizolowezi.

Mikhalidwe imodzimodziyi imasiyana malinga ndi zaka, jenda, thanzi. Amakhulupirira kuti mwa amuna, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol sikuyenera kupitirira 7.17 mmol / l, ndipo mwa akazi - 7.77. Ngati izi zikuwonetsa kupitilira zomwe mumanena, kufunsira kwa dokotala kowonjezera kumafunika. M'pofunikanso kusamalira thanzi lanu ngati kuchuluka kwa kachulukidwe kachulukidwe kamakina ocheperako kopitilira 1: 3. Awa ndi mphindi zomwe aliyense ayenera kudziwa. Ngati muli ndi zonse mwatsatanetsatane ndi izi, ndiye kuti simuyenera kuyimba mlandu cholesterol chifukwa cha thanzi lanu losakhala bwino: makamaka, vutoli ndi losiyana. Kuchulukitsa pang'ono pazomwe zili ndi polojekiti iyi kumatha kuwongoleredwa ndi zochitika zina zolimbitsa thupi, moyo wopanda zizolowezi zoipa, kupuma mokwanira, kudya mokwanira komanso kukhala ndi chiyembekezo pam mavuto omwe angakhalepo pamoyo.

Kodi cholesterol ndi chiyani ndipo imasiyana bwanji ndi cholesterol?

Kwa zaka zambiri osavutika ndi CHOLESTEROL?

Mutu wa Bungwe: “Mudzadabwa momwe zimakhalira zosavuta kuchepetsa mafuta m'thupi mwakumwa tsiku lililonse.

Thupi laumunthu limakhala ndi katundu wodabwitsa - kuthekera kodziyimira payekha patokha. Chifukwa cha ntchito zingapo zamitundu mitundu, njira zambiri za metabolic zimachitika zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti thupi limagwira ntchito mokwanira. Mwa njira yanthawi yomwe zimachitikira, zinthu zothandizira zapadera ndizofunikira, popanda zomwe zimachitika sizingatheke.

Cholesterol (kuchokera ku Chingerezi. Cholesterol) ndi chinthu chapadera chomwe ndi gawo la maselo ambiri. Mwa chiyambi chake, cholesterol amatanthauza mafuta kapena lipids.

Minofu yamitsempha imakhala ndi lipids yambiri - maselo aubongo amaposa theka lopangidwa ndi lipids. Kuphatikiza apo, kudzera pakusintha kwachilengedwe kambiri komanso kutenga gawo la cholesterol, mahomoni angapo amapangidwa, makamaka, mahomoni a steroid a gren adrenal. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, anthu ambiri amvapo za cholesterol ndipo amawona ngati chinthu chowopsa.

Kusiyana pakati pa Cholesterol ndi Cholesterol

Odwala ambiri amafunsa kuti cholesterol ndi cholesterol yodziwika bwino ndi yotani, pali kusiyana kotani pakati pawo. Mu zinthu zathupi, thunthu limafanana ndi kristalo wamadzi amadzimadzi. Cholesterol ndi cholesterol, yomwe imadziwika kwambiri ndi anthu, ndi gawo limodzi lamomwe limapangidwa ndi ma cell. Mwa kapangidwe ka mankhwala, cholesterol ndi ya ma alcohols. Thupi silikhala lofunikira, ndiye kuti, thupi limatha kulipanga lokha.

Chifukwa cha katundu wake wapadera, chinthu chimatha kusintha mkhalidwe wawo ndikuwonekera. Mwachitsanzo, miyala ya cholesterol ndiyo etiology yodziwika bwino ya cholelithiasis. Koma chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwambiri kwa cholesterol, miyala yotere imakhala ndi kachulukidwe kochepa kwambiri ndipo imakhudzidwa ndi chithandizo chosagwira ntchito.

Zopanda gramu imodzi ya cholesterol amkati zimapangidwa patsiku. Hafu yayikulu ya chinthucho imapangidwa m'maselo a chiwindi. Ngakhale izi, khungu lirilonse limatha kupanga chinthu palokha.

Cholesterol sayenera kupitilira 0,5 magalamu patsiku kuchokera kunja. Kusintha kwa kolesterol moyenera, kusokonezeka kwa mawonekedwe a lipid kumachitika, zomwe zimatsogolera pakupanga ma pathologies ambiri owopsa.

Matenda ofala kwambiri omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kuphwanya kuchuluka kwa lipid ndi atherosulinosis.

Udindo wa cholesterol m'thupi

Popeza cholesterol ndipo, yodziwika bwino kwa aliyense, cholesterol ndi chinthu chimodzi ndi chimodzi, ntchito ya imodzi ndi chimodzimodzi.

Vutoli limatha kuzungulira magazi, komanso limakhala mu intracellular state.

Gawoli limagwira ntchito zambiri mthupi mthupi.

Lipid amatenga nawo gawo pazinthu zotsatirazi:

1. mahomoni a steroid
2. cholecalciferol,
3. gonad mahomoni
4. mahomoni a adrenal cortex.

Ilinso gawo lofunikira pama membranes onse am'maselo. Kuphatikiza apo, njira za ma cell electrolyte zimagwira ntchito chifukwa cha cholesterol. Ndi kuchepa kwa cholesterol, ntchito yama kayendedwe ka maselo imalephera. Ma acid omwe amapangira bile mu chiwindi amapangidwa pamaziko a cholesterol. Chifukwa chake, gawo lamkango la mkango pakugwiritsa ntchito cholesterol kuchokera mthupi limachitika. Mothandizidwa ndi ma asidi a bile, zakudya zimayimbidwa.

Mitundu yotsatira yamankhwala ili ndi cholesterol:

• Hydrophobicity, kapena kusadziletsa m'madzi.
• Mwa mawonekedwe ake oyera, ndi kachigawo kochepa ka cholesterol "komwe kamayandama".
• Lipids m'thupi limaphatikizidwa ndi mapuloteni.

Mapuloteni enaake amapangidwa kuti azitha kuyendetsa ma cholesterol m'thupi. Kuphatikiza ndi cholesterol, mamolekyulu atsopano amapangidwa - lipoproteins.

Pali magulu angapo a lipoproteins:

1. ma lipoprotein okwera kwambiri komanso okwera kwambiri omwe ali ndi ma hydrophilic, chifukwa chake, amasungunuka ndi plasma,
2. Amatha kunyamula lipids kuti agwiritsenso ntchito m'chiwindi ndi matumbo,
3. lipoprotein otsika kwambiri komanso otsika kwambiri ndiye "mayendedwe" ambiri a cholesterol, chifukwa chomwe chinthucho chimalowa m'maselo a thupi.

Kumvetsetsa mafuta a cholesterol ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito, muyenera kumvetsetsa njira zoyendera zake. Chifukwa cha hydrophobicity, ma lipoprotein awa samasungunuka ndipo samakonda kuchita zigawo. Mu milandu pamene kuchuluka kwa atherogenic lipoproteins kukwera, chiopsezo chotenga atherosulinosis chimachulukana kangapo.

Lipids yosagwiritsidwa ntchito pachiwindi imakhala ndi atherogenicity yayikulu ndipo imayikidwa mwachangu pamalo omwe amawononga endothelial.

Magazi lipoprotein bwino

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, zimatsimikiziridwa kuti kukwera kwa ma lipoproteins okwera kwambiri komanso okwera kwambiri m'magazi, kumachepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi atherosclerosis.

Owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito bwino Aterol kutsitsa cholesterol. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Kuti mudziwe ndikuwongolera moyenera mafuta a cholesterol ayenera, choyamba, kusamala kwambiri zaumoyo wanu.

Kufufuza kwamankhwala pafupipafupi kumapereka kuchepa kwakhumi konse kwa ngozi zoopsa za mtima.

Kuti muthane ndi kuchuluka kwa lipids ndi kuchuluka kwamafuta kagayidwe, ndikofunikira:

• Kuyesa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yamagazi yonse, ngati chiwopsezo cha cholesterol "choyipa" chitengera njira zina zochiritsira.
• Nthawi zonse muziyang'anira momwe mulili m'magazi azigawo zingapo za lipoprotein.
• Onetsetsani kuti cholesterol ya LDL sichidutsa malire ake.

Maphunzirowa amachitika monga momwe katswiri kapena akatswiri ena amagwira. Wodwala amasinthidwa kuti amupime. Patsiku lopereka magazi, muyenera kubwera pamimba yopanda kanthu, ndipo kwa masiku awiri musakane zakudya zamafuta. Izi ndichifukwa chakupusitsika kwa kusanthula kwa deta chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma chylomicrons.

Zizindikiro za lipid magawo zimadalira kwambiri momwe thanzi la wodwalayo limadalira, zaka zake komanso chikhalidwe chake. Kuphatikiza apo, ma labotale osiyanasiyana amapereka malingaliro osiyanasiyana azikhalidwe.

Zizindikiro zodziwika ndi izi:

1. Zizindikiro za cholesterol yathunthu mwa wodwala wamkulu ayenera kukhala osiyanasiyana kuyambira 3,9 mpaka 5.1 mmol / L. Kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol yoposa 6 ndi theka kumatanthauza kuphwanya koyenera kwa cholesterol m'magazi ndipo kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya mitsempha. Zoposa 6.5, koma zosakwana 7.8 zofanana ndi kusintha kwapakati pa metabolism yamafuta. Ngati manambala apitilira gawo la 7,8, ndiye kuti izi zikuwonetsa kusowa kwa lipid metabolism ndipo amafuna chithandizo chamanthawi yomweyo.
2. Zina zokhudzana ndi jenda zimaphatikizapo kuti MPC ya cholesterol yamagazi kwa akazi imaposa yotsiriza ya amuna.
3. Ngati wodwala akuwonetsa mfundo zapamwamba za lipid, amatumizidwa kuti akapange maphunziro owonjezera.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa LDL ku HDL kuyenera kukhala mkati mwa 1 mpaka 3.

Kodi zopunduka ndi kuwonjezereka kwa cholesterol ndi chiyani?

Ngati cholesterol imakwezedwa, yochepa, ndiye kuti kusintha kwa moyo ndi mzere woyamba wa chithandizo.

Izi zimafuna kusinthidwa kwathunthu kwamakhalidwe komanso kupatula zinthu zoyambitsa.

Zikhala zolondola kutsatira motsatira izi:

• kukana zizolowezi zoyipa, makamaka kusuta, popeza fodya imathandizira kuchulukitsa kwa magazi, omwe amadzala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha thrombosis,
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi kumakulolani kuti muchepetse thupi, komanso kumathandizanso pakugwiritsa ntchito cholesterol,
• kuthetsa kupsinjika
• kusintha zakudya zoyenera,
• ulamuliro wa creatinine ndi shuga m'magazi.

Mlanduwo ukakhala wokwanira wa cholesterol, mapangidwe a atherosulinotic chinthu amayamba.

Osati kukhathamiritsa kwa cholesterol yaulere nthawi zonse ndichinthu chopanda malire pakukula kwa atherosulinosis.

Gawo lalikulu la matendawa ndi chilema cham'mimba, chomwe chinthu chapadera chomwe chimatha kukopa mamolekyulu a cholesterol kulowa m'magazi. Zachidziwikire, cholesterol yapamwamba ndi chinthu chodziwikiratu.

Zomwe zimachitika kwambiri pakukula kwa atherosulinosis zimaphatikizaponso:

1. Kusuta.
2. Kunenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri.
3. Matenda oopsa.
4. Mtundu uliwonse wa matenda ashuga.
5. Kuphatikiza kwa zinthu.
6. Makamaka.
7. Paulo
8. Mawonekedwe azaka.

Vuto loopsa la atherosulinosis ndi kuchedwetsa kwam'mawa ndi kupweteka kwa zolembazo. Mapulatifomu amayamba kukhazikika pamalo omwe akukhudzidwa komanso mawonekedwe akulu, oyandama, a thrombus.

Nthawi iliyonse, chovala chamagazi chimatha kupezeka ndipo chimayambitsa mavuto akulu, monga sitiroko ndi kugunda kwa mtima.

Chithandizo cha hypercholesterolemia ndi atherosulinosis

Kuchiza matenda si ntchito yovuta. Kulimbana ndi atherosulinosis kuyenera kukhala kovuta komanso kwadongosolo.

Mankhwala, njira zochizira, othandizira opaleshoni ndi njira zolimbitsa thupi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Onetsetsani kuti mwapereka mankhwala omwe ali ndi alpha lipoic acid.

Mlingo wa cholesterol umangotengera kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu chakudya, komanso chikhalidwe chawo, koma akhoza kukhala osiyana.

Mafuta athanzi amachokera muzakudya izi:

• mapeyala
• ma almond
• mabokosi
• mtedza
• mafuta a masamba
• nthangala za sesame.

Kuphatikiza apo, kupewa matenda a metabolism yamafuta, zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri a polyunsaturated ziyenera kudyedwa pafupipafupi. Amangowonjezera kuchuluka kwa liphero la atherogenic m'magazi, komanso amathandizira "kuyeretsa" kwamatumbo ochokera ku zotupa za atherosselotic. Mafutaofunikira kwambiri a polyunsaturated ndi ma Omega-3 ndi ma Omega-6 acid. Ma omega acids ambiri amapezeka mumafuta amitundu mitundu ya nsomba zam'madzi. Ndikofunika kupatula mafuta akudzaza ndi mafuta kuchokera pakudya. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala, izi ndizowopsa kwa thupi.

Zakudyazi ziyenera kuphatikiza nyama yankhuku, nyama yochepa yamafuta, masamba, zipatso, zinziri ndi mazira a nkhuku, tchizi wowonda kwambiri.

Chithandizo cha hypercholesterolemia chikuchitika molingana ndi mfundo za antiatherogenic mankhwala. Odziwika kwambiri ndi mankhwala a statin. Koma adanenanso zoyipa ndi zotsutsana.

Ngakhale zizindikiro zoyambirira za atherosulinosis zikapezeka, chithandizo chiyenera kuyambika nthawi yomweyo. Kuthamanga koteroko kumachitika chifukwa chakuti matendawa ndi omwe amayambitsa ngozi zambiri zam'mimba.

Ndi kupangika kwa chidacho ndi kuwonongeka kwa chotengera, minofu ya ischemia imayamba. Nthawi zambiri, ziwiya zamagawo akumunsi zimakhudzidwa ndi njira ya atherosulinotic. Pankhaniyi, kufalikira kwa endarteritis kumayamba.

Owerenga athu adagwiritsa ntchito bwino Aterol kutsitsa cholesterol. Kuwona kutchuka kwa malonda, tidaganiza zoperekera chidwi chanu.

Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi zotupa za ziwiya zamiyendo, kupezeka kwa kusinthana, kupweteka komanso kusasangalala ndi miyendo ndi khalidwe.

Ndi atherosclerosis wapakati, msempha umakhudzidwa. Fomuyi ndiyowopsa kwambiri chifukwa nthawi zambiri imabweretsa mavuto akulu pamtima.

Kodi cholesterol ndi cholesterol chafotokozedwa mu kanema chiyani munkhaniyi.

Mtengo wa cholesterol mthupi

Cholesterol ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri lomwe limapangidwa pakupanga ma steroids, mahomoni ndi kapangidwe ka vitamini D. Ndi imodzi mwamagawo am'mimba. Ndiye kuti, chimasunga chilichonse chomwe chili mkati mwa cell. Ma acid omwe amapangidwa mu bile amakhalanso pazinthu izi. Popanda ma asidi awa, mphamvu ya m'mimba ya anthu ikadakhala yopanda tanthauzo. Pafupifupi 3/4 ya cholesterol yonse m'thupi la munthu imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga kwawo.

Kugawika kwa mankhwala

Maphunziro a cholesterol akhala akuchitika kwa zaka zopitilira 50 ndipo sasiya posachedwa. Pofotokoza zonse zazikuluzikulu komanso zapamwamba, titha kuzindikira molondola mitundu ingapo ya cholesterol:

1. High osalimba lipoproteins. Zomwe zimapangidwira zimathandiza kuti cholesterol isungunuke mosavuta m'madzi popanda kupanga mpweya. Kenako amapita kukachita zachilengedwe kwa chiwindi. Gawo la chinthu chosasokonekeracho limalowa m'matumbo, pomwe limatulutsidwa ndi thupi kudzera m'matumbo.
2. Cholesterol yayikulu

Dziwani kuti cholesterol yathunthu imakwezedwa, ndizosatheka kuti munthu adziyimire payokha. Inde, pali mankhwala ena azikhalidwe omwe amatha kudziwa mulingo wake, komabe, ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi katswiri kuti adalirika.

Madokotala ambiri amati cholesterol yapamwamba yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwambiri kwa lipoprotein imangopindulitsa thupi, komanso palinso miyezo ina yokhudza zinthu zake m'thupi la munthu. Kwa munthu wamkulu yemwe samadwala matenda aliwonse, mtengo wake ndi wofanana ndi 3.7 m / mol.

Mankhwala Osiyana ndi Cholesterol Yoyipa

Choyamba, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamankhwala yokhala ndi aspirin iyenera kumwa ndi anthu onse azaka zopitilira 45. Izi sizingothandiza kokha kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuchepa kwa mitsempha ndi kufooka kwa mitsempha yamagazi ndi malo amisamba. Vitamini B ndi mankhwala othana ndi magazi ndi abwino pazolinga izi.

Monga tikuwonera kuchokera pamwambapa, cholesterol sikuti nthawi zonse imakhala ndi gawo loyipa mthupi, ndiye kuti, zomwe zili munthawi zovomerezeka ndizovomerezeka. Komabe, zizindikirozo zikafika, mwayi wokhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, womwe nthawi zambiri umayambitsa imfa, umachulukitsidwa.

Kutsatira malangizowa tawonetsera pamwambapa, anthu ambiri amakhala ndi mwayi osati kuti athe kuphunzira zonse za cholesterol, komanso kuthana ndi zotsatirapo zake zoyipa.